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A

REPORT ON HOSPITAL TRAINING


A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of
Pharmacy.
From Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University Lucknow B. PHARM
5th Semester

(Name Subject & Code : Hospital Training-I BP-509P)

Supervised by- Submitted by-


Dr. Birjesh Nagar Md Sohail

Vidya Hospital , Dadri. Roll no. 2100960500030

Vishveshwarya Group Of Institution, Dadri, G.B. Nagar, U.P.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am Md Sohail, student of B.Pharm course in 5th semester from Vishveshwarya Group Of


Institution wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. BIRESH NAGAR, Hospital Incharge,
VIDYA HOSPITAL RAILWAY ROAD DADRI (UP) for giving me the opportunity to do my
Hospital Training at his highly esteemed Organization.

I am grateful to Mr. YOGESH NAGAR, Nursing Incharge Of VIDYA HOSPITAL


RAILWAY ROAD DADRI (UP) for her valuable guidance, advice, suggestion and
encouragement rendered to me at every stage.

I am also extremely thankful to all the staff members of VIDYA HOSPITAL for giving me
information and valuable guidance during the period of training. Without their encouragement
and guidance, this project would not have materialized.

It gives me immense pleasure and happiness to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Mrs. HINA
CHADHA, Principal Pharmacy, VGI, G.B. Nagar, U.P. for her kind co-operation and her
immense support during the completion of this work.

The guidance, support received from all the members who contributed to this study was vital for
the completion of this study. I am grateful to all of them for their constant support and guidance,
either directly or indirectly towards completion of my study.

A Report submitted by

Md Sohail
CERTIFICATE

This is certified that Md Sohail (Roll no. 2100960500030), student of B.Pharm course from VGI
has completed his Hospital Training in VIDYA HOSPITAL RAILWAY ROAD DADRI (UP) and
has submitted a report for the same in partial fulfillment of requirement of course by Dr. A.P.J. Abdul
Kalam Technical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow for the year 2023-2024 for the subject
HOSPITAL TRAINING-I (BP-509P).

Signature Signature

Internal Examiner External Examiner


INDEX
 INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITAL

Introduction……………………..

Facilities provided by hospital…..

Departments……………………..

Hospital specifications……………

 FIRST AID
Introduction……………………

Condition that require first aid….

Dressing…………………………

Type and uses of dressing……….


Artificial respiration……………..

Insufflations……………………..
 INJECTION

Introduction……………………..

Different routes of injection……

 STUDY OF PATIENT OBSERVATION CHART Vital


sign………………………………..
Temperature………………………………
Pulse…………………………………….

Respiratory rate…………………………

Blood pressure…………………………..

 PRESCRIPTION AND DISPENSING


Introduction………………………………

Parts of prescription……………………..
Dispensing procedure…………………….
 NORMAL LAB REPORT VALUES
HOSPITAL : INTRODUCTION

VIDYA HOSPITAL, OPPOSITE INDIAN OIL PETROL PUMP RAILWAY ROAD


DADRI G.B NAGAR U.P.

Vidya Hospital one of the best multi super specialist hospital in Dadri Noida. It also offers the best treatment
for knee replacement, spine, kidney transplant, liver transplant, eye, spinal injuries, joints replacement
surgery and heart surgery at affordable cost.
The hospital provides facilities for Internal medicine, Pathology, Radiology, Physiotherapy, Gynecology,
Dental, Orthopedic, Pharmacy, General Physician, Emergency, Pediatrics, General surgery, Urology,
Neurosurgery, Plastic surgery and Psychiatry.

Highlights of facilities provided by hospital are includes :

 Experienced and competent dedicated consultant in various specialities & super specialities.

 Well-appointed AC room equipped with all modern fascilitiess like TV, Phone, Refrigerator
etc.
 Fully well-equipped ICU managed by intensivist.
 State of the art operation theaters equipped with C- ARM facility and laminar flow.
 Labour room for delivery is comfort & with tender care.
 Level II nursery for the care of newborns.
 Sleep studies by computerized machine.
 Round the clock casualty services.
 Latest facilities for key hole (minimal access) surgery and endoscopic surgery.

FACILITIES PROVIDED BY HOSPITAL

 Daily Free General OPD in all major specialities 10.00 AM to 02.00 AM.  Free Casualty
Services with round the clock Emergency.
 Air-Conditioned Patient Transfer Ambulance.
 Private Consultation by appointment.
 Indoor Services: General Ward, Economy, Semi Private, Private & Deluxe Rooms.
 X-Ray: 500 MA, Ultrasound with Transrectal/Vaginal & Soft Tissue Probes (Siemens &
Wipro GE) with Digital Laser Printing.
 Laboratory: Fully automatic Haematology Counter, Bio-Chemistry Analyser, Blood Gases
Analyser & facilities of complete Bacteriology & Histopathology (EQAS - UK Certified
Quality Standard).
 Intensive Care Unit (ICU): With all life-support systems &Multiparameter (ECG, SPo2,
NIBFD, Respiration& Temp.) (Schellers) Ventilator (Savina) etc.
 Three Operation Theaters (OT): With Laminar flow, Hepafilters& C-Arm (Siemens)
facility for all Endoscopic, Laparscopic, Hip & Knee Replacement & Cataract Operation
under Microscope with Phaco and IOL etc.
 Neontal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) - Level II, Resuscitation Kit, Phototherapy etc.
DEPARTMENT

Name Description

Medicine Department of medicine

Orthopaedic Orthopaedic Department

Surgery Department of Surgery

Obst. &Gynae Department of Obst. &Gynae

ENT Department of ENT

EYE Department of EYE

Anaesthesia Department of Anaesthesia

Dermatology Department of Dermatology

Pathology Department of Pathology

HOSPITAL SPECIFICATIONS
 100+ BED
 150 STAFF
 PRIVATE ROOM & SEMI – PRIVATE ROOM
 COST EFFECTIVE DAYCARE
 ECONOMICAL GENERAL WARD BEDS
 24 HOUR PHARMACY
 AMBULANCE
 DAILY FREE GENERAL OPD IN ALL MAJOR SPECIALITIES 10.00 AM TO 02.00 PM
FIRST AID:INTRODUCTION

 First Aid is the initial care of a sick or injured person.


 First Aid can save live in the critical time before emergency service arrive.
 The key aims of first aid are:
- Preserve life of anyone involved in the incident.
- Protect any unconscious person.
- Prevent any further injury or existing injury becoming worse. - Prevent recovery of casuality.

First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering a sudden illness or injury with care provided
to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, and/or promote recovery. It includes initial
intervention in a serious condition prior to professional medical help being available, such as
performing CPR while awaiting an ambulance, as well as the complete treatment of minor
conditions, such as applying a plaster to a cut. First aid is generally performed by the layperson,
with many people trained in providing basic levels of first aid, and others willing to do so from
acquired knowledge.
There are many situations which may require first aid, and many countries have legislation,
regulation, or guidance which specifies a minimum level of first aid provision in certain
circumstances First aid, however, does not necessarily require any particular equipment or prior
knowledge, and can involve improvisation with materials available at the time, often by untrained
persons.
First aid can be performed on all animals, although this article relates to the care of human patients.
The key aims of first aid can be summarised in three key points.
• Preserve life

• Prevent further harm


• Promote recovery

 Preserving life

In order to stay alive, all persons need to have an open airway—a clear passage where air can move
in through the mouth or nose through the pharynx and down into the lungs, without obstruction.
Conscious people will maintain their own airway automatically, but those who are unconscious than
may be unable to maintain a patent airway, as the part of the brain which automatically controls
breathing in normal situations may not be functioning.
If the patient was breathing, a first aider would normally then place them in the recovery position, with the
patient leant over on their side.
Which also has the effect of clearing the tongue from the pharynx. It also avoids a common cause of death in
unconscious patients, which is choking on regurgitated stomach contents.
The first aider will be taught to deal with this through a combination of ‘back slaps’ and ‘abdominal thrusts’.
Once the airway has been opened, the first aider would assess to see if the patient is breathing. If
there is no breathing, or the patient is not breathing normally, such as agonal breathing, the first aider
would undertake what is probably the most recognized first aid procedure cardiopulmonary
resuscitation or CPR, which involves breathing for the patient, and manually massaging the heart to
promote blood flow around the body.
 Promoting recovery
The first aider is also likely to be trained in dealing with injuries such as cuts, grazes or bone fracture.
A small adhesive bandage on a paper cut, or may be required to maintain the condition of something
like a broken bone, until the next stage of definitive care arrives.

 Conditions that often require first aid


 Altitude sickness, which can begin in susceptible people at altitudes as low as 5,000 feet, can cause
potentially fatal swelling of the brain or lungs.

 Anaphylaxis, a life-threatening condition in which the airway can become constricted and the patient may go
into shock. The reaction can be caused by a systemic allergic reaction to allergens such as insect bites or
peanuts. Anaphylaxis is initially treated with injection of epinephrine.
 Bone fracture, a break in a bone initially treated by stabilizing the fracture with a splint.
 Burns, which can result in damage to tissues and loss of body fluids through the burn site.
 Childbirth.
 Cramps in muscles due to lactic acid build up caused either by inadequate oxygenation of muscle or lack of
water or salt.
 Hair tourniquet a condition where a hair or other thread becomes tied around a toe or finger tightly enough to
cut off blood flow.Heavy bleeding, treated by applying pressure (manually and later with a pressure bandage)
to the wound site and elevating the limb if possible.
 Insect and animal bites and stings.

DRESSING
 A dressing is a sterile pad or compress applied to a wound to promote healing or prevent from further
harm.
 A dressing is designed to be in direct contact with the wound as distinguished fram a bandage, which
is most often used to hold a dressing in place.

Types of dressing
There are two types of dressing
A. Adhesive dressing – this type of dressings are used for 98 samll cuts and grazes. They consist of
a gauze or cellulose [ad and an adhesive backing.
B. Non adhesive dressing – this type of dressing used to dress large size wound unlike that of
adhesive dressing.

Purpose of Dressing

1) Protect the wound from bacteria in the environment. 2) Protect


the environment from bacteria in the wound.
3) Absorb drainage.
4) To provide comfort.
5) To provide aesthetic sense.
6) To immobilize and support the wound.

PROCEDURE
Preliminary Assessment
 Level of consciousness and understanding of the patient.
 Vital signs
 Allergy to tape or cleaning solution.
 Bleeding tendencies
 Doctor’s order
 Bleeding or drainage from wound site.

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

Artificial respiration is the act of assisting or stimulating respiration a metabolic process referring to the overall
exchange of gases in the body by pulmonary ventilation, external respiration and internal respiration. Assistance may
take many forms, but generally entails providing air for a person who is not breathing or is not making sufficient
respiratory effort on his/her own (although it must be used on a patient with a beating heart or as part of a cardiopulmonary
resuscitation to achieve the internal respiration). The first method of CPR was developed in 1893.

Mechanical ventilation involves the use of a mechanical ventilator to move air in and out of the lungs when an individual
is unable to breathe on their own, for example during surgery with general anaesthesia or when an individual is in a coma.

INSUFFFLATIONS

Insufflation also known as ‘rescue breath’ or ‘ventilation’, is the act of mechanically forcing air into a patient’s respiratory
system. This can be achieved via number of methods, which will depend on the situation and equipment available. All
methods require good airway management to perform, which ensures that the method is effective. These methods include:

 Mouth to Mouth respiration – This involves the rescuer making a seal between his or her mouth and the patient’s
mouth and ‘blowing’, to pass air into the patient’s body.
 Mouth to Nose respiration – In some instances, the rescuer may need or wish to form a seal with the patient’s
nose. Typical reasons for this include maxillofacial injuries, performing the procedure in water or the remains of

vomit in the mouth.


INJECTION : INTRODUCTION

 An injection is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a syringe and a hollow
needle which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be administered into
the body.
 The term injection encompasses intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration. Injection
act rapidly with onset of action in 15-30 seconds for IV, 10-20 minutes for IM and 15-30 minutes for
SC. They also have essentially 100% bioavailability and can be used for drugs that are poorly absorbed
or in effective when given orally. Some medication such as certain antiosychotic can be administered
as long acting IM injections. Ongoing IV infusion can be used to deliver continuous medication or
fluids.

ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid,
poison, or other substance is taken into the body. Routes of administration are generally
classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral
and intravenous administration. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of
action is. Action may be topical (local), enteral (system-wide effect, but delivered through the
gastrointestinal tract), or parenteral (systemic action, but delivered by routes other than the
GI tract).

DIFFERENT ROUTES OF INJECTION

 INTERAMUSCULAR

An intramuscular (IM) injection is a shot of medicine given into a muscle


Certain medicine need to be given into the muscle for them to work correctly.
 SITES OF INJECTION-

• Vastus lateralis muscle (thigh)


• Ventrogluteal muscle (hip)
• Deltoid muscle (upper arm muscle)
• Dorsogluteal muscle (buttocks)

 OBJECTS REQUIRE –

• One alcohol wipe


• One sterile 2*2 gauze pad
• A new needle and syringe that are the correct size
• Disposable gloves if you have them
e.g. many vaccines, antibiotics and long term psychoactive agent.

INTRAVENOUS INJECTION

 Intravenous injection an injection made into a vein. Intravenous inj. Are used when rapid absorption is
called for, when fluid cannot be taken by mouth or when the substance to be administered is too irritating
to be injected into the skin or muscles.
 In certain diagnostic tests and x-ray examinations a drug or dye may be administered intravenously.
 OBJECTS REQUIRE

• Syringe with the drug to be administered (without air)


• Needle, liquid disinfectant.
• Cotton wool.
• Adhesive tape

SUBCUTANEOUS ROUTE

 A subcutaneous injection is a shot given into the fat layer between the skin and muscles. Subcutaneous
injections are used to give small amounts and certain kids of medicine.

 SITES OF INJECTION

• Abdomen
• Thigh
• Lower back
• Upper arm
INTRADERMAL INJECTION

 Intradermal injection is the injection of a drug into the dermis just below the epidermis. This route has
the longest absorption time as compared to subcutaneous injection and intermuscular injection.

 SITES OF INJECTION

Common injection sites include the inner surface of the fore arm and the upper back, under the scapula.

 OBJECTS REQUIRE

• One alcohol wipe.


• One sterile 2*2 gauze pad.
• A new needle and syringe that are the correct size.

 INTRA CARDIAC
 INTRA ARTICULAR
 INTRAATHECAL (into the spinal canal)
 INTRACEREBRAL
 INTRAARTERIAL (vasodilator)
STUDY OF PATIENT OBSERVATION CHART

 Patient observation chart are the primary tool for recording information about vital sign and other
physiological measures, and they therefore have a critical role in the identification of patients at risk.

PATIENT OBSERVATION CHART

VITAL SIGNS
 Vital signs are used to measure the body’s basic functions. These measurements are taken to help access
the general physical health of a person, give clues to possible disease and show progress toward
recovery. The normal ranges for a person’s vital signs vary with age, weight, gender and overall health.
 There are four primary vital signs : body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate (heart rate) and
breathing rate (repiratory rate) often noted ac BT, BP, HR, AND SPO2 or RR.

 The equipment needed is a –

1.) THERMOMETER for checking BODY TEMPRATURE.


2.) SPHYGMOMANOMETER for checking BLOOD PRESSURE.
3.) OXYMETER to check RESPIRATORY RATE (SPO2).
A pulse can be taken by hand, a STETHOSCOPE may be required for a patient with a very weak
pulse.

PRIMARY VITAL SIGNS EQUIPMENTS

 TEMPRATURE

The normal body temperature of a person varies depending on gender, recent activity, food and fluid
consumption, time a day and in women the stage of menstrual cycle.

For a typical adult, body temperature can be anywhere from 97 F to 99 F. Babies and children have
a little higher range: 97.9 F to 100.4 F.

To check human body temperature, you can use a digital thermometer. Here are some steps to follow-
1. Always use a digital thermometer to check your temperature. Glass mercury thermometers have been
phased out and are no longer recommended due to the potential for mercury exposure or ingestion.
2. Read the instructions that came with the thermometer.
3. Wash your hands with soap and warm water before using the thermometer.
4. Clean the thermometer before and after each use with rubbing alcohol or soap and lukewarm water.
5. Don’t use the same thermometer for both oral and rectal temperatures. Get two and label which is used
where.
6. Wait at least 6 hours after taking medications that can lower your temperature, like acetaminophen
(Tylenol, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or aspirin. Here are some ways to take your
temperature :

1. Oral temperature: You’ll need an oral thermometer, used in the mouth. If you’ve been eating
or drinking, wait 30 minutes before you take a temperature by mouth. Turn on the digital
thermometer. Place the thermometer tip under your tongue. Close your mouth around the
thermometer for the recommended amount of time or until the thermometer beep indicates it’s
done. Remove the thermometer and read the number.
2. Ear temperature: A digital ear thermometer uses an infrared ray to measure the temperature
inside the ear canal. Turn on the digital thermometer. Gently place it in your ear canal no further
than indicated by the instructions that came with the device. Hold the thermometer tightly in
place until you hear the thermometer beep indicating it’s done. Remove the thermometer and
read the number.

 BLOOD PRESSURE
A total blood pressure reading is determined by measuring the systolic and
diastolic blood pressures.

 PULSE RATE

A typical resting pulse rate for adults is between 60 and 100 beats per minute (bpm).
Depending on your activity, your rate can be higher or lower. But a heart rate of over 100 bpm that
occurs with shortness of breath or chest pain may be dangerous.
 RESPIRATORY RATE
The normal respiratory rate for healthy adults is between 12–20 breaths per minute .
However, this rate can vary depending on factors like age, health, and activity level . It is
important to consider the individual when assessing respiratory rates.

PRESCRIPTION AND DISPENSING

 PRESCRIPTION

Prescription is an order for medication issued by a physician, dentist, veterinarian, or other properly
licensed medical practitioner.
Designate a specific medication and dosage to be administered to a particular patient at a specific time.

 PARTS OF PRESCRIPTION

• Patient information and date


• Rx symbol or Superscription – “take thou” or “you take”
• Medication prescribed or inscription
• Dispensing directions to pharmacist or subscription
• Direction for the patient or signature
• Refill, Special labelling or other instructions.
• Prescriber’s signature, address and other pertinent information.

 DISPENSING

• Dispensing refer to the process of preparing and giving medicine to a named person on the basis of
a prescription.
• Involve the correct interpretation, accurate preparation and labeling of medicine for use by the
patient.
• Vital elements of the rational use of medicine.

 DISPENSING PROCEDURE
• Ensure that the prescription has the name and signature of the prescriber and the stamp of the health
centre.
• Ensure that the prescription is dated and has the name of the patient.
• If the prescription has not been written in a known (local) health centre, the prescriber of the centre
should endorse it.
• Avoid dispensing without a prescription or from an unauthorized prescriber.
• Check the name of the prescribed drug against that of the container.
• Check the expiration date on the container.
• Calculate the total cost of the drug to be dispensed on the basis of the prescription where applicable.
• Inform the patient about the cost of the drug.
• Issue a receipt for all payments.
• Hand over the dispensed drug.

STUDY OF DIAGNOSTIC REPORT

 MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS

 Medical diagnosis (abbreviated Ds or Dx ) is the process of determining which disease or


condition explains a person’s and signs. It is most often referred to as diagnosis with the
medical context being implicit.

 The information required for diagnosis is typically collected from a history and physical
examination of the person seeking medical care. Often, one or more diagnostic
procedures, such as diagnostic tests, are also done during the process.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST
 In medicine, a diagnostic test is any kind of medical test performed to aid in the diagnosis or
detection of disease, injury or any other medical condition.
 For example, such a test may be used to confirm that a person is free from disease, or to fully
diagnose a disease, including to sub-classify it regarding severity and susceptibility to
treatment.

BLOOD TEST

➢ A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein
in the arm using a needle, or via finger prick.
➢ Multiple tests for specific blood components are often grouped together into one test panel called a
blood panel or blood work.

➢ Blood tests are often used in healthcare to determine physiological & biochemical states, such as
disease, mineral content, pharmaceutical drug effectiveness, & organ function.

NORMAL VALUES OF BLOOD TEST REPORT


The normal values of a blood test report can vary based on several factors, including the specific
laboratory that supplies them. A patient’s blood test values should be interpreted based on the
reference value of the laboratory in which the test was done; the laboratory typically provides these
values with the test result. Here are some representative values for common blood tests :

• Complete Blood Count (CBC):


o White Blood Cells (WBC): 4,500 to 11,000 cells per mL. o Red Blood Cells (RBC):
4.1 to 5.9 million per mL.
o Hemoglobin (Hb):
▪ Male (ages 15+): 13.0 - 17.0 g/dL.
▪ Female (ages 15+): 11.5 - 15.5 g/dL.
o Hematocrit (Hct):
▪ Male: 40 - 55%.
▪ Female: 36 - 48%.
o Platelet Count: 150,000 - 400,000/mL.
• Liver Function Tests (LFTs):
o Bilirubin, Total: 1.2 – 1.3 mg/dL or less. o Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): < 35 U/L. o
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST): < 35 U/L.
o Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP): 36–150 U/L.

• Kidney Function Tests (KFTs):


o Serum urea: 10 - 45 mg/dl o Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 5.0 - 23.0 mg/dl o Serum creatinine:
0.6 - 1.3 mg/dl for men, 0.5 - 1.1 mg/dl for women o Glomerular filtration rate (GFR): above
90 mL/min/1.73m2 o Albumin to creatinine ratio: less than 30 mg/g

It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to interpret the results of a blood test.
 CONCLUSION
The hospital training has been an excellent and rewarding experience. I have been able to meet and
network with so many people that I am sure will be able to help me with opportunities.
One main thing that I have learned through this hospital training is time management skills as
well as self-motivation. When I first started, I did not think that I was going to be able to make
myself sit in the hospital for 8 hours a day. I learned to have organized and have questions ready
for getting feedback from the experienced ones.
I learned a lot of things from the hospital some of them are:
• Hospital structure

• Management of hospital

• How to do first aid

• How to give artificial respiration &wound dressing

• Routes of injection

• Hospital pharmacy

• Handling of prescription

• Dispensing of prescription

• Normal values of lab

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