इंटरनेट मानक

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 1659 (2004): Block Boards -Specification [CED 20: Wood

and other Lignocellulosic products]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS 1659:2004

Indian Standard
BLOCK BOARDS — SPECIFICATION
(Fourth Revision)

ICS 79.060.01

0 BIS 2004

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

August 2004 Price Group 8

Wood and Other Lignocellulosic Products Sectional Committee, CED 20

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Fourth Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
the Wood and Other Lignocellulosic Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering
Division Council.

Block boards are being used in increasing quantities in the construction of railway carriages, bus bodies, marine
and river crafts and for l%miture making, partitions, panelling, prefabricated houses, etc. This standard was
originally formulated in 1960 and subsequently revised in 1969, 1979 andl 990 to lay down the method of
manufacture, tests for such boards and review of species of timber with a view to assuring the optimum performance
requirements for different uses. The fourth revision is based on the experience gained in the manufacture and use
of block boards over the years and the modifications mainly relate to incorporation of amendments in earlier
version, specifying mycological! test for MR Grade Boards only and adding spot test for checking preservative
treatment; provision of modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity requirements and its test method; including
giving dimensions and tolerances in this specification.

In the formulation of this standard, due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among standards
and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country.

A scheme of Iabelling environwnt friendly products to be known as ECO-Mark has been introduced at the
instance of the Ministry of Enviro~ent and Forests (MEF), Government of India. The ECO-Mark shall be
administered by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) under the BLSAct, 1986 as per the Resolution No. 71 dated
21 February 1991 published in the Gazette of the Government of India. For a product to be eligible for ECO-
Mark, it shall also carry the Standard Mark of the BIS besides meeting additional optional environment friendly
requirements.

The composition of the technical committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given at Annex M.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard, is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2: 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revise~’. The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
 AMENDMENT NO. 1 NOVEMBER 2009
TO
IS 1659 : 2004 BLOCK BOARDS ― SPECIFICATION
( Fourth Revision )

(Page 2, clause 7.3) ― Add the following at the end:

‘NOTE – Edge straightness and squareness shall be tested as per Annex D.’

(Page 2, clause 8.1.5, last line) ― Substitute ‘Annex E’ for ‘Annex D’.

(Page 3, clause 8.2.3, fourth line) ― Substitute ‘Annex E’ for ‘Annex D’.

(Page 3, clause 9.2.1, first line) ― Substitute ‘Annex F’ for ‘Annex E’.

(Page 3, clause 9.2.2.1) ― Substitute the following for the existing:

‘9.2.2.1 Test specimens for BWP grade block boards, after soaking in boiling water for 72 h and tested as
in Annex G shall comply with the requirements of 9.2.3. Alternatively, the specimens shall be subjected to
constant steam pressure inside a vacuum steam pressure test apparatus as described in G-1.1.2 and shall
thereafter comply with the requirements of 9.2.3.

(Page 3, clause 9.2.2.2, third line) ― Substitute ‘Annex G’ for ‘Annex F’.

(Page 3, clause 9.2.3, first line) ― Substitute ‘Annex H’ for ‘Annex G’.

(Page 3, clause 9.2.4, second line) ― Substitute ‘Annex J’ for ‘Annex H’.

(Page 3, clause 9.2.5, second line) ― Substitute ‘Annex K’ for ‘Annex J’.

(Page 3, clause 9.2.6, second line) ― Substitute ‘Annex L’ for ‘Annex K’.

(Page 8, Annex C) ― Insert the following Annex at the end and rename the subsequent Annexes
accordingly:

‘ANNEX D
(Clause 7.3)
METHOD OF TEST FOR EDGE STRAIGHTNESS AND
SQUARENESS

D-1 PROCEDURE FOR EDGE STRAIGHTNESS

D-1.1 The straightness of the edges and ends of plywood shall be verified against a straight edge not less
than the full length of the plywood. If the edge on the end of the plywood is convex, it shall be held against

the straight edge in such a way as to give approximately equal gap at each end. The largest gap between the
straight edge and the edge shall be measured to the nearest millimetre and recorded.

1
Amend No. 1 to IS 1659 : 2004
D-2 PROCEDURE FOR SQUARENESS
D-2.1 The squareness of plywood shall be checked with a square with arms 500 mm long, by applying one arm
of the square to the plywood. The maximum width of the gap shall be recorded.’
(Page 9, renamed Annex G, clause G-1.1) ― Add the following at the end:

‘G-1.1.2 Alternate Method of Test

Pure water shall be filled in boiler of a vacuum steam pressure test (VPT) apparatus to the marking of
minimum water level on glass water level indicator and the boiler shall be switched on with the valve
connecting the boiler and main chamber in closed condition. The test specimens shall be placed in the
working (main) chamber and shall be closed air-tight with cover. The vacuum pump shall then be switched
on and vacuum inlet valve shall be kept in open condition. The steam release valve shall be kept in closed
condition. After the required vacuum of 110 ± 10 kPa has been created inside the main chamber, the
vacuum pump shall be switched off, the vacuum inlet valve closed and boiler valve connected to main
chamber opened. The time shall be noted the moment the steam pressure in the main chamber reaches 220
± 10 kPa and same pressure shall be maintained for six hours. The system and boiler then shall be switched
off. The steam release valve and vacuum release valve shall slowly be opened until the steam in the
chamber is completely evacuated. The samples shall then be kept in water for 1 hour at 27±2°C. The
samples shall thereafter be tested as per 9.2.3.’

(Page 14, renamed Annex K, clause K-2) ― Substitute ‘b = breadth of the test specimen, in mm;’ for
‘B = breadth of the test specimen, in mm;’

(CED 20)

Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India

2
 AMENDMENT NO. 2 NOVEMBER 2011
TO
IS 1659 : 2004 BLOCK BOARDS ─ SPECIFICATION
( Fourth Revision )

[Page 3, clause 9.2.6 (see also Amendment No. 1)] — Substitute the
following for the existing:

‘When preservative treated in accordance with 6.1, the block board shall be
tested according to the method given in Annex L. The preservative treatment at
any given place after cutting across entire cross-sectional area for the width of
the block board shall show through and through penetration of preservative
chemical.’

(CED 20)
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
 1S 1659:2004

Indian Standard
BLOCK BOARDS — SPECIFICATION
(Fourth Revision )
1 SCOPE 4.3 The grades and types of block boards shall be
represented by the symbols given below:
This standard covers the essential requirements of
commercial and decorative block boards meant both Grade and Type Symbol
for interior and exterior uses. BWP Grade, Decorative type BWP-DEC
2 REFERENCES BWP Grade, Commercial type BWP-COM

The standards listed in Annex A contain provisions MR Grade, Decorative type MR-DEC
which through reference in this text, constitute MR Grade, Commercial type MR-COM
provisions of this standard. At the time of publication,
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are 5 MATERIALS
subject to revision and parties to agreements based on 5.1 Timber
this standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the 5.1.1 Any suitable species of timber may be used for
standards indicated. block board manufacture. A list of species for
manufacture of block board is given in Annex B for
3 TERMINOLOGY guidance only.
3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions For ECO-Mark only species of wood from sources other
given in IS 707 and the following shall apply. than natural forests such a~wood from rubber, cashew
industrial and social forestry plantations, etc, and shade
3.1 Block Boards
trees from tea and coffee estates, shall be used for the
Block board is a board having a core made up of manufacture of block board.
strips of wood, not exceeding 30 mm in width, which
may or may not be glued together and the core is glued 5.1.2 Face Veneers for Decorative Type of Block
Boards
to two or more veneers, on either side with grain /
direct ion of core and veneers running at right angles to The species of timber for the decorative face veneer in
one another. decorative type of block board shall be specified by
the purchaser while placing the order. The species of
4 GRADES AND TYPES
timber commonly used for face veneers of decorative
4.1 Block boards shall be of the following two grades: type of block boards is given in Annex C for guidance
a) BWP Grude — Such block board may be used only.
for bus bodies, railway coaches, prefabricated For ECO-Mark only species of wood from sources other
houses, etc, where it is likely to be exposed to than natural forests such as wood from rubber, cashew
high humidity and for external use. industrial and social forestry plantations, etc, and shade
b) MR Grade— Such block board maybe used for trees from tea and coffee estates shall be used.
interior use such as furniture, partition, panelling,
5.2 Adhesives
ceiling, etc.
The adhesives used for bonding purposes shall be the
4.2 Each of the grades specified in 4.1 shall be of the
BWP type conforming to IS 848 for BWP Grade block
following two types:
boards. For MR Grade block boards, the adhesives
a) Decorative Type — These are block boards with shall be MR type conforming to IS 848.
decorative face veneers on one or both sides for
use in high class furniture, panelling, interior 6 MANUFACTURE
decoration, partitions, etc.
6.1 Preservative Treatment
b) Commercial Type — These are block boards with
veneers of commercial timber on both sides and Species of timber marked with (*) in Annex B and
are used for ordinary furniture, table tops, Annex C and sapwood of all species, and all non-durable
partitions and panelling to be painted over species shall be treated as mentioned in 1S 401.
flooring and seats of bus bodies, railway Trimmed and cut ends of a finished block board may
carriages, etc. be given a protective treatment.
1S 1659:2004

6.2 Core Dimension To[erance

Length -i-6
The wooden strips for core shall be cut from
–Omm
timber seasoned to a moisture content not exceeding
12 percent according to IS 1141. The width of each Width +3
_Omm
strip of wood shall not exceed 30 mm and such strip
shall be placed edge to edge without significant gaps. Thickness &5 percent
These strips may be of small lengths placed end to end
Variation in thickness Not more than 0.5 mm
where the end joints shall be staggered. However, for
on a board
the edge strip along the length, the width of strip may
be up to 45 mm. Edge straightness 2 mm per 1000 mm
or 0.2 percent
6.3 Cross Bands and Faces Squareness 2 mm per 1000 mm
or 0.2 percent
Veneers used for cross bands and faces shall be
either rotary cut or sliced and shall be smooth. The 8 SAMPLING AND INSPECTION
moisture content in the veneers shall be between 8
and 12 percent. 8.1.1 Lot

6.3.1 Cross band shall be not less than 1.0 mm In any consignment, all block boards of the same grade,
but not more than 3.0 mm in thickness. Face type and thickness and manufactured under similar
veneers shall be between 0.5 to 1.5 mm in thickness conditions shall be grouped together to constitute a lot.
f-or commercial type of block boards and 0.5 to
8.1.1.1 The conformity of a lot to the requirements of
1.2 mm in thickness for decorative type of block this standard shall be ascertained on the basis of tests
boards. on block boards selected from it.
6.3.2 The construction shall be well balanced around 8.1.2 The method of drawing representative samples
the central line. and the criteria for conformity shall be as prescribed in
1S 7638.
6.3.3 Permissible defects and tolerances on thickness
shall conform to IS 303 and IS 1328 for commercial 8.1.3 Defects
and decorative veneers, respectively.
All block boards selected as in 8.1.2 shall be inspected
7 DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES visually for surface defects (see 6.3.3) and if one or
more block boards are found unsatisfactory, the lot shall
7.1 Thickness
be declared as unacceptable.
The thickness of block boards shall be 12, 15, 19,25,
8.1.4 Length and Width
30, 35, 40, 45 or 50 mm.
All block boards selected as in 8.1.2 shall have length
7.2 Sizes
and width within the tolerances specified under 7.3.
Block boards shall be of sizes as specified below:
8.1.5 Thickness
Length Width
All block boards selected as in 8.1.2 shall have its mean
mm mm
thickness and variation in thickness between any two
2440 1220 points on a block board as specified under 7.3 when
tested by the method described in Annex D.
2140 1220
8.2 Test Specimens and Number of Tests
2140 920
8.2.1 The selected block boards as in 8.1.2 shall be
1830 1220
taken up for cutting of test specimens for further testing.
1830 920
8.2.2 From each of the block boards selected, following
NOTE — Any other dimensions(length,breadthandthickness)
as agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser may
test specimens shall be cut from the portion 150 mm
also be used, away from the edges:
a) Six test specimens of size 200 mtn X 12 mm for
7.3 Tolerance the test mentioned in 9.2.1;
Tolerances on nominal size of finished boards shall be b) Three test specimens of size 200 mm x 100 mm
as given below: for the test mentioned in 9.2.2;

2
 IS 1659:2004

c) Three test specimens of size 200 mm x 100 mm 9.2.2 Resistance to Water

for the test mentioned in 9.2.3;
When tested according to the methods specified
d) Three test specimens of size 150 mm x 100 mm in 9.2.2.1 and 9.2.2.2, the block boards shall satisfy
for the test mentioned in 9.2.4; the requirements given therein.
e) Three test specimens of size (50 mm + 20 d)
length and 75 mm width in full thickness of 9.2.2.1 Test specimens from BWP Grade block boards,
board for the test mentioned in 9.2.5, where d is after soaking in boiling water for 72 h and tested as in
the nominal thickness in mm. Greater Annex F shall comply with the requirements
dimensions shall be in the direction along the of9.2.3.
face grain; and 9.2.2.2 Test specimens from MR Grade block boards,
f) One test specimen of entire cross-sectional area after soaking of test pieces for 3 h in water at a
across its full width for the test mentioned in temperature of 60 + 2°C and tested as in Annex F shall
9.2.6. comply with the requirements of 9.2.3.

8.2.3 The test specimens so obtained shall be 9.2.3 Adhesion of Plies

conditioned in accordance with 9.1 and the thickness
The adhesion of plies shall be tested as in Annex G and
of each test specimen shall be measured by the
the fractured surface of the specimen shall show
method given in Annex D and the mean of all such
adherent fibres of a ‘pass standard’.
measurements calculated. The test specimens shall
then be tested for the corresponding tests. 9.2.4 Mycological T&t
8.3 Criteria for Conformity MR Grade block board specimens, when tested
according to Annex H shall show no visible signs of
A lot shall be considered as conforming to the
separation at the edges.
requirements of this standard, if the requirements
mentioned in 9.2.1 to 9.2.6 are all satisfied. 9.2.5 Modulus of Rupture and Modulus of Elas~icity
9 TESTS The modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity when
tested according to the method given in Annex J, BWP
9. I Preparation and Conditioning of Test Pieces
Grade and MR Grade boards shall have average and
The required test specimens shall be cut to the specified minimum individual values as given below:
size as given in 8.2.2. Each test specimen shall be
rectangular with all edges cut square to the surface. B WP MR
Before any tests are made, the prepared test pieces shall Grade Grade
be suitably conditioned. Modulus of rupture, N/mm2:
NOrE — Exposure for 24 h to the air of a well-ventilated
Average 50 40
room will often suffice but when a greater degree of accuracy
is required, the test piece shall be exposed to an atmosphere Minimum, individual 42 34
maintained at a temperature of 27 + 2°C and at a relative
humidity of 65 + 5 percent until they are substantially constant Modulus of elasticity, N/mm*:
in mass. Average 5000 4000
9.2 The block boards shall be subjected to the following Minimum individual 4200 3400
tests and shall satisfy the requirements specified under
9.2.6 Spot Test
each test.
The preservative treatment when tested according to
9.2.1 Dimensional Changes Caused by Humidip
the method given in Annex K, at any given place after
When tested according to Annex E, the dimensions shall cutting across entire cross-sectional area for the width
not change by more than +1 mm at relative humidities of block board shall show through and through
of 90 percent and 40 percent compared to the penetration of preservative chemical.
dimensions of the specimens conditioned at 65 percent
10 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
relative humidity. There shall be no delamination at
ECO-MARK
the extreme ranges of humidity and the changes in local
planeness measured as d/L shall be as follows: 10.1 General Requirements

~L < 1/150 10.1.1 The block board shall conform to the

requirements of quality and performance as specified
where
in this standard.
d = vertical gap between any two points, and
10.1.2 The manufacturers shall produce to BIS
L = horizontal distance between these points. environmental consent clearance from the concerned

3
1S 1659:2004

State Pollution Control Board as per the provisions on any of its face with the following:
of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) a) Indication of the source of manufacture;
Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of
b) Grade and type of block board;
Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act, 1977 along with the c) Size (length, width and thickness);
authorization, if required under the Environment d) Batch number and year of manufacture; and
(Protection) Act, 1986 while applying for ECO-Mark,
e) The criteria for which the block boards have
appropriate with enforced rules and regulations of
been Iabelled as ECO-Mark.
Forest Department.
11.1 BIS Certification Marking
10.2 Specific Requirements
The product may also be marked with the Standard
The block board shall conform to the specific
Mark .
requirements given for ECO-Mark under relevant
clause of the standard. 11.1.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by
NOTE — The manufacturers shall provide documentary the provisions of Bureau ofIndian Standards Act, 1986
evidence by way of certificate or declaration to Bureau of and the rules and regulations made thereunder. The
Indian Standards while applying for ECO-Mark. details of conditions under which the licence for the
use of Standard Mark maybe granted to manufacturers
11 MARKING
or producers maybe obtained from the Bureau of Indian
Each block board shall be legibly and indelibly marked Standards.

ANNEX A
(Clause 2)
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS

1S No. Title IS No. Title

adhesives for plywood (phenolic and
303:1989 Specification for plywood for general
aminoplastic) (jirst revision)
purposes (third revision)
1141:1993 Code of practice for seasoning of timber
401:2001 Preservation of timber — Code of
(second revision)
practice ~ourth revision)
1328:1996 Specification for veneered decorative
707:1976 Glossary of terms applicable for timber plywood (third revision)
technology and utilization (second
7638:1999 Wood/Lignocellulosic based panel
revision)
products—Methods of sampling
848:1974 Specification for synthetic resin (second revision)

4
 IS 1659:2004

ANNEX B
(Clauses 5.1.~ and 6.1)
TIMBER FOR BLOCK BOARD (OTHER THAN FACE VENEERS OF
DECORATIVE TYPE BLOCK BOARDS)

Standard Trade Name Botanical Name Abbreviation

Aini Artocarpus hirsuitus AIN

*Alder Alnus spp. ALD
Amari Amoora spp. AMA
Arjun Terminalia arjuna ARJ
*Bahera Terminalia bellerica BAH
Benteak Lagerstroemia Ianceolata BEN
Birch Betula, spp. BIR
Bonsum Phoebe spp. BON
*Cashew Anacardium occidental CAS
*Carallia Carallia brachiata CAR
(Maniawga) (Syn. integerrima)
Champ Michelia spp. CHM
Chaplash Artocarpus chaplasha CHP
Chikrassy Chukrasia velutina (Syn. C. tabularis) CHI
*Chilauni Schima wallichii CHL
*Chir Pinus roxburghii (Syn. P. Iongijolia) CHR
Cinnamon Cinnamomum spp, CIN
Deodar Cedrus deodara DEO
Devdam Dysoxylum binectarijerum DEV
*Dillenia Dillenia spp. DIL
Dipika (Lapse) h4ansonia dipikae DIP
Debdaru (Nedunar) Po@althia spp. DEB
Ebony Diospyros spp. EBO
(other than D. Diospyros marmorata)
Eucalyptus Eucalyptus spp. EUC
Fir Abies spp. FIR
Gamari Gmelina arborea GAM
Gandelipoma Dyso@um hamiltonii GEN
‘Gokul Ailanthus integrfolia (Syn. A. grandis) GOK
Gurjan Dipterocarpus spp. GUR
(other than D. macrocarpus)
Haldu Adina cordijolia HAL
Hathipaila Pterospermum acerl~olium HAT
Hollock Terminalia myriocarpa HOL
Hollong Dipterocarpus macrocarpus HON
*Jaman Syzygium spp. JAM
*Jhingan Lannea coromandelica (Syn. Lannea grandis) JHI
*Kadam Anthocephalus cadamba KAD

5
IS 1659:2004

Starrdcud Trude Name Botanical Name Abbreviation

*Kail Pinus wallichiana (Syn. P. excelsa) KAL

Kanju Holoptelea integrlfolia KAN

*Karani Cullenia rosayroana KAR

(Syn. C. excelsa)
Kathal Artocarpus heterophyllus KAT
(Syn. A, integr$oiius)
Kindal Term inalia paniculata KIN

Kokko Albizzia Iebbeck KOK

Lakooch Artocarpus [akoocha LAK

* Lampati Duabanga grandijlora LAP

(Syn. D. sonneratioides)
Laurel Terminalia alata LAU
(Syn. T. coriacea, T. crenulata)
*Machilus Machilus spp. MAC

Mahogany Swietenia spp. MAG

*Maina Teterameles nudljlora MAI

Makai Shorea assamica MAK

*Mango Mangijera spp. MAN

Maple Acer spp. MAP

Melia Melia dubia MEL

Mullilam Zanthoxylum rhetsa MUI

(Syn. Fagara budrunge; Z. bundurunga;
Z. limonella)
*Mundani Acrocarpus fraxinl~oiius MUN

Neem Azadirachta indica NEE

Pali Palaquium ellipticum PAL

*Piney Kingiodendron pinnatum PIN

(Syn. Hardwickiapinnata)
Peon Calopyllum spp. Poo

*Poplar Populus Spp. POP

Pussur Xylocarpus spp. Pus

Pyinma Lagerstroemia hypoleuca PYI

Red Bombwe Planchonia valida RBO

(Syn. P. andamanica)
*Red Dhup Parishia insignis RDH

Rosewood Dalbergia latl~olia ROS

*Rubber wood Hevea braziliunsis RUB

*Semul Bombczx ceiba SEM

*Silver Oak Grevillea robusta SOA

Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo SIS

*Spruce Picea smithiana SPR

(syn. P. morinda)

6
 IS 1659:2004

Standard Trade Name Botanical Name Abbreviation

Teak Tectona grandis TEA

Toon Toona ciliata Too
(Syn. Cedrela toona)
*Vatica Vatica spp. VAT
*Vellapine Vateria Indica VEL
Walnut Juglans regia WAL
*White Bombwe Term inalia procera WBO
White Cedar Dysoxylum malabaricum WCE
White Chuglam Term inalia bialata WCH
*White Dhup Canarium spp. WDH
NOTE — Species of timber to be treated (see 6.1) are indicated by star ( * ).
IS 1659:2004

ANNEX C
(Clauses 5.1.2 and 6.1)
TIMBER FOR FACE VENEERS OF DECORATIVE TYPE BLOCK BOARDS

Standard Trade Name Botanical Name Abbreviation

Birch Betula, spp. BIR

Bela A40rus laevigata BOL

Champ A4ichelia spp. CHM

Chaplash Artocarpus chaplasha CHP

Chikrassy Chukrasia velutina (Syn. C. tabularis) CHI

Cinnamon Cinnamomum spp. crN

Devdam Dyso.xylum binectar~erum DEV

Dipika (Lapse) Mansonia dipikae DIP

Gandelipoma Dysoxylum hamiltonii GEN

Kanju Holoptelea integrfolia KAN

Kokko Albizzia lebbeck KOK

Laurel Terminalia alata (Syn. T. coriacea, T. crenulczta) LAU

Mahogany Swietenia spp. MAG

Makai Shorea assamica MAK

Maple Acer spp. MAP

Mullilam Zantho~lum rhetsa MUI

(Syn. Fagara budrunge; Z. budurunga; Z. Iimone[la)

*Narikel Pterygota alata NAR

Padauk Pterocarpus dalbergioides PAA

Peon Calophyllum spp. Poo

Rosewood Dalbergia latl~olia ROS

*Siris Albizzia chinensis SIR

Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo SIS

Teak Tectona grandis TEA

Walnut Juglans regia WAL

White Cedar Dysoxylum malabricum WCE

White Chuglam Terminalia bialata (sapwooc$ WCH

NOTE — Species of timber to be treated (see 6.1) are indicated by star ( ●).

8
 IS 1659:2004

ANNEX D
(Clauses 8.1.5 and 8.2.3)
TEST FOR THICKNESS AND VARIATION IN THICKNESS

D-1 PROCEDURE approximately 20 mm inside the edges of the test

pieces, at four corners, and at midpoints of the long
D-1. I Each board shall be tested for thickness.
edges.
D-1. 1.1 Thickness
D-2 REPORTING OF TEST RESULTS
The thickness shall be measured in millimetres to an
The mean thickness of each of test samples shall be
accuracy of +0.02 mm. Six readings shall be taken
reported.

ANNEX E
(Clause 9.2.1)
TEST FOR DETERMINING DIMENSIONAL CHANGES CAUSED BY HUMIDITY

E-1 PROCEDURE measured from time to time at such intervals as may be

required until constant mass and dimensions are
E-1.1 The test specimens shall be conditioned in an obtained.
atmosphere maintained at 27 + 2°C and 65 + 5 percent
relative humidity to constant mass. The length of each E-2 REPORTING OF TEST RESULTS
test specimen shall be measured to an accuracy of
+0.s mm making use of a jig which permits the test The differences in length and thickness as compared
with those of the conditioned test specimen shall be
piece to be pressed against a flat plate to eliminate the
reported for each test specimen at each relative
effect of any warping that may have occurred. The
humidity.
thickness of each test specimen shall be measured, to
an accuracy of 0.02 mm at three marked points, one at NOTE — If a controlled humidity chamber is not available,
the required atmospheres may be obtained approximately by
each end and one at the mid point of its length.
using an airtight vessel containing moist salts as follows:
E-1.2 Half the number of these test specimens shall 90 percent relative humidity : Sodium carbonate
then be placed in an atmosphere maintained at 90 + 5 65 percent relative humidity : Ammonium nitrate
percent and other half in 40 k 5 percent relative 40 percent relative humidity : Magnesium chloride or zinc
humidity at 27 + 2°C and they shall be weighed and nitrate hexrdrydrate

ANNEX F
(clauses 9.2.2.1 and 9.2.2.2)
TEST FOR DETERMINING RESISTANCE TO WATER

F-1 PROCEDURE F-1.2 For,testing of MR Grade block boards, the test

specimens shall be submerged in a pan of cold water,
F-1. I For testing of BWP Grade block boards, test
care being taken to see that they do not touch the bottom
specimens shall be submerged in a pan of cold water,
of the pan. Water shall then be brought to the
care being taken that the pieces do not touch the bottom
temperature of 60 + 2°C and maintained at this
of the pan. Water shall then be brought to the boiling
temperature for 3 h. The test specimens shall then be
temperature and maintained at this temperature for 72
removed from the hot water and plunged immediately
h. The test specimens shall then be removed from the
into cold water.
boiling water and plunged immediately into cold water.
The 72 h period may be reckoned as an aggregate of F-2 REPORTING OF TEST RESULTS
shorter periods of boiling, the test specimens being left
in cold water between such periods when the water is The results shall be reported as ‘pass standard’,
not boiling. ‘excellent’ or ‘poor’ after carrying out the tests as in
Annex G.

9
IS 1659:2004

ANNEX G
(Clauses 9.2;3 and F-2)
TEST FOR ADHESION OF PLIES

G-1 APPARATUS opposition into the glue line and the pierce results in
the easy removal of almost all the veneers from one
G-1. 1 The type of knife required to be used in the
side of the test specimen. The separated veneers are
test is given in Fig. 1. It maybe made from a file. The
usually almost free from adherent fibre. Examples of
cutting edge should be kept chisel sharp. poor bond are illustrated in Fig. 5.
G-1.2 The test shall be carried out on a stout table to
G-3 REPORTING OF TEST RESULTS
which is screwed a wooden batten against which the
edge of the test specimen is placed as indicated in The results shall be reported as ‘pass standard’,
Fig. 2. ‘excellent’ or ‘poor’ (see Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).
Block boards designated as poor shall be declared as
G-2 PROCEDURE unsatisfactory.
G-2. 1 The knife is inserted with its cutting edge parallel G-4 TEST FOR GLUE ADHESION BETWEEN
to the grain of the outer veneer and worked into, or if CORE AND ADJOINING VENEERS
possible, along a glue line and the veneer is pierced
upward. A hard and dense species requires considerable G-4. 1 To test the glue adhesion between the core
force to effect entry and to pierce the veneer. In a sotl and the adjoining veneers, the qualitative test as
species, the knife tends to follow any easy course given in G-4.1.1 maybe used.
through the wood and in this case, it is essential that
G-4.1.1 The central core strips shall be forcibly
the knife be firmly guided along the glue line.
separated from its adjacent veneers by a chisel inserted
G-2.2 Example of cases when the bond just passes the in the bond line and affecting the separation in the
requirements is indicated in Fig. 3 and this is judged by direction of the core strips. The capacity of the bond
the relative amounts of wood fibre left on the core should be judged by the relative amount of wood fibres
veneer, and the area pierced off. The grading is assessed left by the veneer and core strips. Force shall be needed
chiefly on the appearance of the break but is a to effect the separation. The grading should be assessed
concomitant requirement that the force shall be needed on the basis of the appearance of the failure. The bond
to effect separation. should be considered excellent when it is difficult to
find the glue line clearly for more than 10 mm length
G-2.3 The bond is excellent when it is difficult to
along the battens and on its entire width without tom
find the glue line and impossible to keep the tool
fibres appearing on the area of separation. The bond
within it for more than 6 mm without cutting into
should be considered as poor when the chisel meets
adjacent wood. On piercing upwards, the veneer usually
little opposition in the glue line and if there is an easy
breaks off over width only slightly greater than that of
separation between the core strips and the veneers. 1f
the tool. Examples of excellent bond are illustrated in
the glue adhesion between battens of the core in a block
Fig. 4.
board in which the core strips are bonded is to be tested,
G-2.4 The bond is poor when the knife meets little a similar procedure and criteria may be followed.

10
 IS 1659:2004

A KNIFE OF THIS KIND CAN BE

MADE FROM 250x 25 mm FILE

FIG. 1 KNIFE FOR TESTING PLYWOOD FOR ADHESION OF PLIES

FIG. 2 METHOD OF TESTING FOR ADHESION

IS 1659:2004

FIG. 3 EXAMPLE OF ‘MINIMUM PASS’ STANDARD

..

FIG. 4 EXAMPLE OF ‘EXCELLENT’ ADHESION

12
 IS 1659:2004

FIG. 5 EXAMPLE OF ‘POOR’ ADHESION

13
IS 1659:2004

ANNEX H
(Clause 9.2.4)
MYCOLOGICAL TEST
H-1 PROCEDURE into it so that their upper surfaces are in level with the
top of the sawdust layer.
H-1.l Aflatrectangular dish ofenamelled iron, glass
or porcelain (such as a photographic developing dish) H-1.3 The dish shall then be covered with a sheet of
shall be filled to a depth not less than 25 mm with a glass and the edges of the dish sealed against glass with
layer of sawdust obtained from a non-durable timber a strip of material, such as modelling wax, so that the
Iike Semul (Salmalia malabarica), in its natural atmosphere round the test specimens shall remain
condition. The sawdust shall have previously been saturated with water vapour.
moistened with water containing 14 g/litre of sucrose
H-1.4 The dish and contents shall be maintained at
(normally cane sugar would be used but if not available,
27 + 2°C for a period of 3 weeks in a suitable
30 g of commercial malt extract may be substituted) so
thermostatically controlled incubator, after which the
that it is saturaled with moisture, but not so wet that
test specimens shall be removed, washed in cold water
free water can be squeezed out of it by hand pressure.
until cool and whilst still water soaked, shall be checked
To attain this condition with dry sawdust, it is usually
for compliance with the requirements of 9.2.4.
necessary to add water three times of its mass.
H-2 REPORTING OF TEST RESULTS
H-I.2 The sawdust shall then be charged with spores
of commonly occurring Indian fungi loosely The test results shall be reported as conform ing to the
compacted, and the test specimens then pressed down standard or otherwise.

ANNEX J
(Ckwe 9.2.5)
TEST FOR MODULUS OF RUPTURE AND MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

.J-l PROCEDURE PL3

Modulus of elasticity, N/mm* = —
The span shall be 20 times the nominal depth. The load 4b@A
shall be applied through appropriate loading block for
centre loading with a continuous motion of the movable where
head. The testing machine shall move at a constant rate P’= maximum load, in N;
of 5 mm/min throughout the test till a failure is
p= load, in N, at the limit of proportionality
indicated.
which shall be taken as the point in load-
J-2 REPORTING OF TEST RESULTS deflection curve above which the graph
deviates from the straight line;
Data for load deflection curves may be taken to
determine the modulus of rupture and modulus of L= span of the test specimens, in mm;
elasticity using the formulae given below. Deflection B= breadth of the test specimen, in mm;
readings shall be recorded to the nearest 0.02 mm.
Increments of load shall be so chosen that not less than d= depth of the test specimen, in mm; and
12 and preferably 15 or more readings of load and A= deflection in mm at the limit of proportionality
deflections are taken to the proportional limit.
(which is corresponding to P in the load-
3P’L deflection graph).
Modulus of rupture, N/mm* = —
2 b~

14
 IS 1659:2004

ANNEX K
(Clause ;.2.6)
METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PENETRATION AND
IDENTIFICATION OF PRESERVATIVE BY SPOT TEST

K-1 GENERAL water followed by 9 ml concentrated nitric acid.

Preservative treatment is carried out in timber used for Solution 2

core stock of block boards as per IS 401. Preservatives 0.7 g benzidine dihydrochloride dissolved in 10 ml
used are generally water soluble leachable preservatives concentrated acetic acid and diluted to 100 ml by adding
like boric acid or borax. Water soluble fixed type 90 ml distilled water.
preservatives like copper-chrome-arsenic, acid-cupric-
chromate, berated-copper-chrome or ammoniacal- Solution 3
copper-arsenite are also used.
30 g stannous chloride dissolved in 100 ml I:1
Method for the determination of penetration of copper- hydrochloric acid in distilled water.
chrome-arsenic composition and acid-crupric-chromate Solution 1 maybe prepared fresh for each day testing.
and ammoniacal-copper-msenite composition are given Solution 2 and Solution 3 maybe stored in clean glass
below. Definite colour reactions are not given by other stoppered brown glass bottles for one week.
common preservatives.
K-2.3.2 Apply Solution 1 to the boring or cross section
K-2 COPPER-CHROME-ARSENIC ensuring that entire wood surface is saturated. After 2
COMPOSITION ACID-CUPRIC-CHROMATE rein, excess solution is shaken off and allowed to dry
COMPOSITION BORATED-COPPER-CHROME for about 1 min. Solution 2 is next applied in the same
COMPOSITION AND AMMONIACALCOPPER- way as Solution 1. After 2 rein, the excess solution is
ARSENITE COMPOSITION shaken off and surface is allowed to dry for 1 min.
Solution 3 is last applied by pouring over cross section
K-2. 1 Detection for Copper
or boring beginning at untreated part. The entire wood
K-2.1.1 Dissolve 0.5 g chrome Azurol-S, 5.0 g of surface will immediately turn bluish.
sodium acetate in 80 ml water and dilute to 100 ml.
K-3 METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF
K-2.1.2 Spray or brush the solution over split or cross BORON IN BORAX: BORIC ACID, CCB,
section or boring/bore dust with a fine spray on the cut BCCA
surface of treated wood. A deep blue colour shows the
K-3.1 Solution 1
presence of copper.
Extract 10 g turmeric powder with 90 g ethyl alcohol.
K-2.2 Detection for Chromium Decant or filter to obtain clear solution.
K-2.2. 1 Dissolve 0.5 g - diphenyl carbazide in 50 ml K-3.2 Solution 2
isopropyl alcohol and 5’0 ml of distilled water.
20 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid diluted to
K-2.2.2 Spray or brush the solution on the boring/bore 100 ml with ethyl alcohol and then saturated with
dust or cross section of treated wood. Portions salicylic acid (about 13 g per 100 ml).
containing chromium will develop a purple colour,
while unpenetrateduntreated portion will remain as K-3.3 Solution 1 is applied on the dry cut surface of
such. wood or cross section by spraying or with a dropper
and the surface is allowed to dry for a few minutes.
K-2.3 Detection for Arsenic Solution 2 is then applied in a similar manner to the
areas that have been coloured yellow by the application
K-2.3. 1 Solution 1 of Solution 1. The colour changes shall be observed
3.5 g ammonium molybdate dissolved in 90 ml distilled carefully. Areas having presence of boron turn red.

15
IS 1659:2004

ANNEX M
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Wood and Other Lignocellulosic Products Sectional Committee, CED 20

Organization Representative(s)
Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute, (Chairman)
DRC. N. PANDSY
Bangalore
All lndia Agro-Board Association, Pune Smu v. s. RAro
REPRS5E~AnvE(Allernate)
Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council, New Delhi SHRIJ. K. pRASAD
SsuuA. K. TIWASS (Alternate)
Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee DRY. SINGH
DRL. K. AGARWAL (Alternate)
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi Stau SURINDER KUMAR
SHSUS. K. VERMA (,4ffernote)
Civil Aviation Department (Technical Centre), New Delhi Sma B, V. JOSHS
SHNN. M. WALECHA (Alternate)
Coir Board, Bangalore JoItw DIRECTOR
Council of Architecture, New Delhi Representative
Directorate General of Supplies & DLsposals,Hyderabad SHMM. GANGARASU
Directorate of Standardization, New Delhi DR(SHIUMATI) lNOUGOPTA
Smu G. K. SHARMA (Alternate)
Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, New Delhi SHRIMATS MEENAKSHI
%ruMAnAMSTA R&r(Alfernate)
Federation of Indian Plywood& Panel Industry, New Delhi Smu JAYADEEP CHnLANGIA
SMUS. P. GOENKA (Alternate)
Forest Research Institute, Debra Dun DMSXTOR
REPRE5ENTATrvE (Alfernote)
Indian Academy of Wood Science, Debra ~un SECRETARY
JOINTSECRETARY (Ahernote)
Indian Plywood Industries Research & Training Institute, SMU K. SHYAMASONDAR
Bangalore WrrcrS. PADMANABHAN (Alternate)
Institute of Wood Science & Technology, Bangalore DRK. S. RAO
Jolly Board, Mumbai Smr Ammo JOLLY
StrruP. K. DASGOFTA(Wternote)
Kutty Flush Door& Furniture Co Pvt Limited, Chennai CoL Y. G. KRISHNAN
Timpack Pvt Limited, Bymihat RSPRESE~ATtVE
Mangalam Timber Products Limited, Bangalore SsmrK. SRIDHAR
SHRSANILTALWAR (Alfernofe)
Ministry of Defence (DGQA), Krmpur SHIURAMCHANDRA
SsrraJ. K. SINHA(Alternate)
Ministry of Defence (R&D), New Delhi SNSURAVSNOER KUMAR
Ministry of Railways, Lucknow DIRECTOR STANOAROS (CARRIAGE)
ASSISTANT DIRSCTOR (Al/emote)
National Test House (ER), Kolkata Stmr D. K. KANUNGO
ERRAJSNDER KAPUR(Alternate)
Northern India Plywood Manufacturer Association, Jalandhar SHSUN. K. TIWAIU
Smr ANILGOSL(Alfernde)
Novopan India Limited, Hyderabad Strru S. A NAQUt
WattA. V. V. IUOHAVACHARYA (Alternate)
Nuchem Limited, New Delhi Woo SOOEVBARAR
SHIUPRAVEEN KUMAR (Alfernate)
Permalli Wallace Limited, Bhopal Sims S. K. KADESIA
SHSUB. S. PARMAR (A/ternote)
The South Indian Plywood Mfrs Association, Chennai SHRSK. SANKARAKRISHNAN
The Western India Plywood Limited, Cannanore SwcrP. K. MOHAMSO
In personal capacity (H, No, 12, HIG, lsl Stage, K.H.B. Colony, Smu S. S. ZOOLAGUO
Bosaveshwora Nagar, Bongolore 560079)
BIS Directorate General SHRIS. K. JAJN,DIRECTOR&HEAD(CED)
[Representing Director General (Er-o~cio)]

Member-Secretory
Ssou J. C. ARORA
Director (CED), BIS

16
 IS 1659:2004

Wood, Other Lignocellulosic Based Building Boards and Speciality

Wood Products Subcommittee, CED 20:6

Organization Representative(s)
in personal capacity [No. 179, 24#r B-Cross, 3rd Block, DRH. N. JAGADEESH
(Convener)
Jayanagar, Bangalore 560011]
Arunachal Plywood Industries Limited, Kolkata SHRJM. M. JALAN
SHRJJ. PRASHAD (Aliernote)
Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited, Bhopal Strar M. V. PRABHAKAR
Smu S.K. GUPTA(A/teFnate)
Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee DRL, K. AGGARWAL
Smu B. SINGH(Alternate)
Central Coir Research Institute, Kalavoor Smu M. SUDHAKARAN PILLAI
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SUPERINTENDING ENGUWER (S&S)
Exsctrnw ENGINEER (S&S) (Afternale)
Coir Industrial Products Co-operation Society Limited, SHRJMANOJKrJMAR
Bangalore Smu WAY GHORPADE (Alterna/e)
Council of Architecture, New Delhl REPRESENTATJW
DGS & D, New Delhi Smu N. K. UPADHYAY
Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, New Delhi SHRJMAm P. h4ESNAKSJSJ
COLN. A. KUMAR (A1/ernate)
Federation of Indian Plywood and Panel Industry, New Delhi Rt3PRESENTATlVS
Forest Research Institute (Forest Products Division), Debra Dun HSADOFDsPARmmrr
DRS. P. S1rW.(Afternote)
Godrej & Boyce Manufacturing Company Limited, Mumbai SHRJGUUSH V. NALAVADE
SHRJMANUBHAJ
M. SHAH(A/ternate)
Indian Plywood Industries Research & Training Institute, DRS. K. NATN
Bangalore SHRJM. VENUGOPAL
NAIDtI (Afterrrafe)
Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore DRR. V. RAO
DR AJAYKARMAKAR (Alternate)
Integral Coach Factory, Chennai REPRESE~ATIVS
Jolly Board Limited, Mumbai SHRIAmmo JOLLY
SHRIP. K. DASGuPT@hernote)
Kutty Flush Doors and Fumiture.Company Pvt Limited, Chennai SHRIK. SANKARAXAISHNAN
COLY. G. KSUSHNAN (Alternate)
ECO Board Industries Limited, Pune SHRJB. V. RAO
SNRJSIVASANKAR KALJVE (Alternate)
Kerala State Bamboo Corporation, Cochin MANAGER
NCL Industries Limited, Hyderabad SHRIA. R. RAJU
SHJUPRAKASH RAJO(Alternate)
Mangalam Timber Products Limited, Kolkata SHRJG. S. GUPTA
Smu G. R. PATNAIK
(Alfernate)
Ministry of Defence (D.GQA), Kanpur SHRJJ. K. SINHA
MAJR. N. SAIGAL(Alternate)
Ministry of.Defence (R&D), Kanpur SHSUP. S. SRIVASTAVA
SHRIRAVINDRA KUMAR (Alternate)
Ministry of Railways, Lucknow DEPUTYDIRECTOR
STANDARDS (CARRJ~GE)
ASSISTANT
DIRECTOR
(Alternafe)
Natura Fibretech Pvt Limited, Bangalore Smu TOMMYMATHEW
SHRJSUNJLVARGEESE
(A/fernate)
North India Plywood Manufacturing Association, Jalandhar Smu SURJNDER
ARORA
SJUUNARESHTIWAJU
(Alternate)
Novopan lndia Limited, Hyderabad A. NAQU
Srrro S.
SmuA. V. V. RAGHAVACHARYA
(Alternate
Nuchem Limited, Faridabad SHRJSUDEV
BARAR
DRR. M, MENTA(Alternate)
Permali Wallace Limited, Bhopal SHJUS. K. KODSSIA
Smu B. S. PARMAR(Alternate)
The Gurdit Institute Pvt Limited, Dharwad SHRJYASKARAN SINGHLAULY ,
SHRIS. N. SHARMA (Alternate)
Tl]e Mysore Chipboards Limited, Mysore SHRJA. ANANTHACHAR
The South lndian Plywood Manufactmers’ Association, Smu K. SANKARAKFOSHNAN
Koyambedu SECRETARY (A/fernate)
The Western India Plywood Limited, Cannarsore Ssuu K. P. KAMALUDDIN
+’
SHRJC. A. GAFODR (A//emote)
In personal capacity (5/6, lsfjloor, 13th ‘B’ Main, HAL, SHRJP. K. BAOCFD
2nd Stage, Indira Nagar, Bangalare 560008)
in personal capacity (C/o Western India Plywood Ltd. SrsraP. K. MOHAMED
ltaliapatam,Cannanore670010)

17
Bureau of Indian Standards

B] S is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious
development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to
connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any forim
without the p~ior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing
the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to
copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS.

Review of lndian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’,

This lndiao Standard has been developed from Dot: No. CED 20 (7163).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:

Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002

Telepiwrres: 23230131,232333’75,2323 9402 website : www. bis.org. in
Regional Offices: Telephones
Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 23237617
NEW DELHI 110002 { 23233841

E:istern : 1/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Kankurgachi 23378499,23378561

KOLKATA 700054 { 23378626,23379120 }
Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 2603843
{ 2609285
Southern : C.1.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 22541216,22541442
{ 22542519,22542315
Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 28329295,28327858
MUMBA1 400093 { 28327891,28327892

Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD.

GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR.
NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISAKHAPATNAM.

Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi