Leica GPS300 User Manual G2-532e-IX97

GPS Equipment
User manual
presented by:
Virtual Archive of WILD Heerbrugg
www.wild-heerbrugg.com
This user manual contains important safety

directions as well as instructions for setting up
the equipment and operating it. Read carefully
through the user manual before you switch on
the equipment.
Leica Geosystems AG, GPS, CH-9435 Heerbrugg (Switzerland)

Phone +41 71 727 31 31, Fax +41 71 727 47 02, www.leica.com
User Manual Leica GPS
CONTENTS
1 Product identification ................................................................................................1

2 Meanings of symbols .................................................................................................2
3. Introduction .................................................................................................................3
4. System description ....................................................................................................4
4.1 GPS Sensors ......................................................................................................4
4.2 GPS Controllers ................................................................................................5
4.3 Post-processing software ............................................................................5
4.4 SPCS Software .................................................................................................5
5 Getting started with new equipment ....................................................................6
5.1 SKI (SKI-L1, GIS-SKI) post-processing software ....................................6
5.2 Receiver Hardware: Sensor and Controller ............................................7
5.2.1 Charge the batteries ................................................................................7
5.2.2 Set Up the Equipment ..............................................................................8
5.2.3 Preparing to measure .......................................................................... 10
5.2.4 Measuring with the STSDEF Static Default mission ................... 12
5.3 SPCS Software installation ....................................................................... 16
5.4 Processing the data in the SKI software ............................................... 18
6 Care and Transport .................................................................................................. 20
7 Safety Instructions ................................................................................................... 21
7.1 Intended use of equipment ....................................................................... 21
7.1.1 Permitted uses ...................................................................................... 21
7.1.2 Adverse uses .......................................................................................... 22
7.2 Limits to use ................................................................................................... 22
7.3 Responsibilities ............................................................................................ 22
7.4 Hazards in use ............................................................................................... 24
7.4.1 Main hazards in use ............................................................................ 24
7.4.2 Electromagnetic acceptability ........................................................ 29
7.4.3 FCC statement (applicable in U.S.) ................................................... 30
8 Technical Specifications ...................................................................................... 32
8.1 SR9500 Tracking Characteristics ............................................................ 32
8.2 SR399/399E Tracking Characteristics .................................................... 33
8.3 SR299/299E Tracking Characteristics .................................................... 34
8.4 SR261 Tracking Characteristics ............................................................... 35
8.5 SR260 Tracking Characteristics ............................................................... 35
8.6 SR9400 Tracking Characteristics ............................................................ 36
August 1996 © Copyright 2008 Virtual Archive of WILD Heerbrugg www.wild-heerbrugg.com

Leica GPS User Manual
8.7 Time-mark (pps) output .............................................................................. 36

8.8 GPS Antennas ................................................................................................ 36
8.9 GPS Controllers ............................................................................................. 37
8.10 Equipment weights .................................................................................... 38
8.11 Power ............................................................................................................ 38
8.12 Environmental Specifications ................................................................ 39
8.13 Separation distances ................................................................................ 40
8.14 Baseline precision .................................................................................... 40
© Copyright 2008 Virtual Archive of WILD Heerbrugg www.wild-heerbrugg.com August 1996

1 Product identification
The model and serial number of the GPS Controller (CR) and Sensor (SR)
are indicated on the type plate. The model designation of the External
Antenna (AT) is indicated on the housing. Enter them in your user manual,
and always refer to this information when you need to contact your
agency or service workshop.
GPS Controller : Type:_______ Serial No.:_____________
GPS Sensor : Type:_______ Serial No.:_____________
External Antenna : Type: _________
August 1996 1
© Copyright 2008 Virtual Archive of WILD Heerbrugg www.wild-heerbrugg.com
2 Meanings of symbols
The symbols used in this user manual have the following meanings:
DANGER:
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING:
Indicates a potentially-hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
could result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION:
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
may result in minor or moderate injury and/or appreciable material,
financial and environmental damage. The symbol is also used to
alert against unsafe practices.
Important paragraphs which must be adhered to in practice as they
enable the product to be used in a technically correct and efficient
manner.
2 August 1996
3. Introduction
Leica GPS System 200 and System 300 comprise of GPS receiver hardware
and PC based software for GPS Surveying and related applications.
The Main components are:
GPS Sensors: Receive the satellite signals.

GPS Controllers: Control the Sensor, log the data and steer the survey
operation.
Post-processing software: Used to process GPS data.
All of the instructions you need in order to operate your GPS system
to a basic level are contained in this manual.
In the "Technical Reference Help System" and SKI Help (available only in
English and other selected languages), there are more detailed descriptions
of special software/hardware settings and software/hardware functions.
These are intended for technical specialists.
August 1996 3
4. System description
4.1 GPS Sensors
GPS Sensors are GPS receivers. The Sensors have neither a control panel or a
display. The GPS Sensor receives the GPS signal from the NAVSTAR
satellites and calculates a range to the satellites that are visible.
There are various types of Sensors, the following are available:
SR260 - 6 L1 channels, code only

SR261 - 6 L1 channels, code and phase
SR9400 - 12 L1 channels, code and phase
SR299/299E - 9 L1, 9 L2 channels, code and phase
SR399/399E - 9 L1, 9 L2 channels, code and phase.
SR9500 - 12 L1, 12L2 channels, code and phase.
The AT202/302 Antennas are intended for use with the SR299E, SR399E
and SR9500 Sensors. The AT201 Antenna is intended for use with the
SR260, SR261 and SR9400 Sensors.
See section 8 for technical specifications.
Note on SR299/299E, SR399/399E and SR9500 Sensors:

The SR299/299E, SR399/399E and SR9500 Sensors use the GPS P code
signal, which by U.S. policy is liable to be switched off without notice.
Phase measurements on L2 are ensured however as these Sensors

automatically switch to patented tracking techniques
4 August 1996
4.2 GPS Controllers

The Controller controls the Sensor and logs the data. It has a display and
keyboard and is the item that the surveyor uses when operating the equipment
in the field.
There are two types of Controller, the CR333 and CR344. They are almost
identical in appearance and operation, the main difference being that the
CR344 has the ability to operate in a real time mode and may be connected to
a radio modem for real time operations.
See section 8 for technical specifications.
4.3 Post-processing software

The Post-processing software is used to process the observations taken by the
receivers (Sensor and Controller) in order to compute baselines and
coordinates.
SKI Static Kinematic software is the standard post-processing software for

dual-frequency receivers. SKI-L1 is for single frequency receivers and GIS-
SKI is for code-only receivers. The method of operation is the same for SKI,
SKI-L1 and GIS-SKI software packages.
4.4 SPCS Software

SPCS software runs on a computer and takes the place of a GPS Controller,
the advantage being the large amount of data storage space offered by the
computer hard disk.
August 1996 5
5 Getting started with new equipment

5.1 SKI (SKI-L1, GIS-SKI) post-processing software
In most cases, the software will be installed by the local Leica representative
and a short introductory course will be given.
Should this not be the case, install the software as follows:
1. Start Windows and insert Diskette 1 into drive A: or drive B:
2. Ensure no other applications are running. From the Program Manager

choose "Run..." from the File menu. In the Command Line box type
A:\SETUPor B:\SETUPand click on [OK]
3. When the set up screen disappears, the SKI Installation screen is displayed.
You are asked which files you wish to install. The Program Files, Database
Files and Geoidal Model are selected by default. Note that the card reader
box is for the MEL-PC card reader, not the OMNIDrive PCMCIA card
reader. The OMNIDrive card reader must be installed separately after the
installation of SKI (see next section). If you wish to install the MEL-PC card
reader, click on the check box. Click on [OK].
4. Specify the drive and path for the SKI Program Directory. By default the
path C:\SKI\PROG is suggested. Type in a different path if required. Click on
[OK]
5. The same is prompted for the SKI Database Directory and the SKI
Working Directory. Follow the same procedure as in step 4 above.
6. The specified directories are created and checked and SKI installed. Insert
the remaining disks in turn when the prompt appears.
7. SKI is installed in a new program group called SKI. You will be prompted
to restart Windows to complete the installation.
The software contains a comprehensive Help System. This Help System is
intended to replace the function of a printed manual. If required you may
print out the entire help for use as a hard copy reference manual.
6 August 1996
Installing the OMNIDrive card reader.
The OMNIDrive is supplied with an installation diskette.
With the SKI software protection key in place, connect the OMNIDrive card
reader to the back. Any printer that was connected may now be connected to
the rear of the OMNIDrive.
1. Insert the installation diskette into Drive A: or Drive B:
2. From DOS type A:\INSTALL E or B:\INSTALL E to install in English. A

German installation program is available by typing A:\INSTALL or
B:\INSTALL.
3. The installation will begin by asking you where to install the OMNIDrive.
Accept the default path of C:\OMNI\.
4. Accept the further default values that appear during the installation.
5. Lines are added to the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files in order

that the OMNIDrive is configured when the computer is started.
5.2 Receiver Hardware: Sensor and Controller

In most cases, a short introduction in the use of the Sensor and Controller will
be provided by the local Leica representative. If this is not the case proceed as
outlined in the following sections.
After installing SKI you will find that the SKI program group contains a
comprehensive Technical Reference Help System. This is intended to replace
the function of a printed manual. If required you may print out the entire help
for use as a hard copy reference manual.
5.2.1 Charge the batteries

Charge the batteries with the Leica battery charger provided. GEB70 or
GEB71 batteries may be used to power the GPS equipment.
August 1996 7
The GEB70 and GEB71 batteries may be charged using GKL23 or GKL22
chargers. Additionally the GEB71 may be charged using the GKL14 charger
and the GEB70 may be charged using the GKL12 charger.
Refer to the appropriate manual when using the GKL22 or GKL23 charger.
When using the GKL12 or GKL14 charger take note of the following
guidelines:
Set the charger to 110-115V or 220-240V according to the
mains/line supply.
• A totally flat GEB70 or GEB71 battery requires charging for 14 hours.

Charge at ambient temperatures between 10 °C and 30°C. Do not overcharge.
• Press the red button on the GKL12 to start the 14 hours charging time.
• It is advisable to use a timer (commonly available from electrical and DIY
stores) with the GKL14 to control the charging time.
5.2.2 Set Up the Equipment

For an initial test and in order to familiarise yourself quickly with the basic
operating procedure, set up TWO receivers a few metres apart and connect
the Sensor, Controller and battery as illustrated below
SR299/399
8 August 1996
SR299E/399E
SR9400/9500
SR260/SR261
SR260/SR261
The Controller user interface works mainly via the six function keys (F1 to
F6) positioned under the display. Six corresponding bars appear in the bottom
line of the display. A function that appears in a bar is activated by pressing
the corresponding function key. Where a menu appears with many options,
you can move from option to option by using the cursor keys (↑ ↓ ← →).
Additionally an option may sometimes appear with a definite range (e.g.
observation rate may be set at 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,15,20,30 or 60 seconds). In
these cases, the value is set by using the cursor left or cursor right key (← →
).
August 1996 9
5.2.3 Preparing to measure
Take the memory card and insert the memory card battery provided as shown
in the memory card instructions. Insert a memory card into each Controller.
When the cards are new and have not been used in the Controller they must
first be formatted. Proceed as follows:
Panel Action / Display Key

Switch ON Leica GPS System ON
Testing hardware
All hardware tests passed
ENTER
Main Menu Use arrow keys
[0000] Toggle to AUXILIARY CONT/F1
Auxiliary Format memory card/module CONT/F1
[0500]
Format Enter a label, e.g. Card 1 CONT/F1
Memory Card/ Note that F3 switches between
Inter Memory MCARD and MMODULe
[0540]
Do you really want to format ? (Y/N) Y (Yes)
Formatting done. Format another ? (Y/N) N (No)
Note: If the memory card is not formatted the Controller will display panel [0540]
immediately on switching on
Main Menu Returned to main menu
[0000] Toggle to Configuration CONT/F1
Configuration Toggle to Date, Time, Zone CONT/F1
[0200]
Configuration Input your local time zone SET/F2
Date, Time, Zone e.g., +3 or –7 etc.
[0230] Do NOT changeGPS Date and Time CONT/F1
Main Menu Returned to Main Menu
Configuration Toggle to Data Logging CONT/F1
[0200]
Configuration Toggle using horizontal arrows
Data Logging Select MEMORY CARD
[0270] (or INTERNAL MEMORY MODULE) CONT/F1
Configuration Toggle to Sensor Type CONT/F1
[0200]
10 August 1996
Configuration Select the Sensor and Antenna type depending CONT/F1
Sensor Type upon which Sensor is connected.
[0290]
[0000] Switch off OFF
August 1996 11
5.2.4 Measuring with the STSDEF Static Default mission
When you receive the equipment, you will find that there is one mission, the
STSDEF Static Survey default mission, stored in the Controller. Proceed as
follows at each Controller:
With a CR233, or CR333 Controller running firmware version 2.33 or

earlier

Switch On ON
ENTER
Main Menu Toggle to MISSIONS CONT/F1
[0000]
Missions Toggle to
[0100] STSDEF Static Survey DEFAULT STS RUN/F1
If this is the only mission
it will be highlighted
Current Mission Displays information
[1000] about selected mission CONT/F1
"Please Wait" flashes
Set Operation Horizontal arrows toggle between
[1021] operation types
Toggle to STATIC CONT/F1

Set Initial Vertical arrows toggle from field to field
Position Horizontal arrows toggle within field i.e.,
[1005] Last fix/User input, N/S, E/W
Toggle Use to USER INPUT

Input approx.Lat, Lon, Hgt CONT/F1
Set Satellite Vertical arrows toggle from field to field
Tracking Control Hz arrows toggle Health/L2 mode to AUTO<>USER
[1006]
Toggle Health/L2 mode to AUTO
Accept minimum elevation 15° CONT/F1
Set Time–Mark Vertical arrows toggle from field to field
Parameters Hz arrows toggle Time–mark between
[1012] ON<>OFF.
Toggle Time–mark to OFF
Accept time–mark rate and bias settings CONT/F1
12 August 1996
Set Data Vertical arrows toggle from field to field
Collection Horizontal arrows toggle within field
Parameters
[1101] Toggle to COMPACTED
Min sats for recording: input 4
Obs. rec.–rate stat.: toggle to 15secs CONT/F1
Set Stop–Go Accept the default settings:
Parameters Baseline length approx. 10 km
[1103] Stop at 100% NO
Maximum recording time 60 min
Stop at maximum time NO CONT/F1
These setting have no influence
on the observations
Set Point Id Accept the default settings.
Parameters These setting have no influence
[1104] on the observations CONT/F1
Enter Data Set This panel allows you to enter a project
Parameters code and notes. These entries have no
[1109] influence on the observations. Ignore
this panel. CONT/F1
Survey You are now in the main surveying panel
[1110] Press MEAS to start observations MEAS/F1
Message: "Measuring – check your input" is displayed
August 1996 13
Let both receivers track satellites and record data for about 15 minutes. Enter
a Point Id. Measure the height with the height hook provided. Enter this value
in the Height field. When set up on a tripod with a GRT44 carrier and
tribrach, the antenna offset is 0.441m. Enter this value in the Antenna offset
field. Then exit the mission and switch off as follows:

Survey Press STOP to halt observations STOP/F1
[1110] Stop measuring ? (Y/N)
Press Y Y
Survey Record the point information REC-
[1110] EXIT Mission PT/F1
Exit Mission ? (Y/N) EXIT-
M/F2
Y
"Please Wait" Flashes
[0000] Switch OFF OFF
With a CR244, or CR344 Controller running firmware version 3.20 or later.

Switch On ON
Leica GPS ENTER
testing hardware...
Main Menu Toggle to MISSIONS CONT/F1
[0000]
Missions Toggle to
[0100] STSDEF Static Survey DEFAULT STS RUN/F1
If this is the only mission
it will be highlighted
Current Mission Displays information
[1000] about selected mission CONT/F1
SELECT Project/Job Shows which project and job are selected. Accept
[1002] the defaults shown. CONT/F1
Set Operation Horizontal arrows toggle between
[1021] operation types
Toggle to STATIC CONT/F1
14 August 1996
SET Datalink Leave datalink switched off. CONT/F1
Parameters
[1013]
SET NMEA Leave NMEA output off CONT/F1
Parameters
[1017]
Set Initial Vertical arrows toggle from field to field
Position Horizontal arrows toggle within field i.e.,
[1005] Last fix/User input, N/S, E/W
Toggle Use to USER INPUT

Input approx.Lat, Lon, Hgt CONT/F1
Set Satellite Vertical arrows toggle from field to field
Tracking Control Hz arrows toggle Health/L2 mode to AUTO<>USER
[1006]
Toggle Health/L2 mode to AUTO
Accept minimum elevation 15° CONT/F1
Set Data Vertical arrows toggle from field to field
Collection Horizontal arrows toggle within field
Parameters
[1101] Toggle to COMPACTED
Min sats for recording: input 4
Obs. rec.–rate stat.: toggle to 15secs CONT/F1
Set Stop–Go Accept the default settings:
Parameters Baseline length approx. 10 km
[1103] Stop at 100% NO
Maximum recording time 60 min
Stop at maximum time NO CONT/F1
These setting have no influence
on the observations
Set Point Id Accept the default settings.
Parameters These setting have no influence
[1104] on the observations CONT/F1
Survey You are now in the main surveying panel
[1110] Press MEAS to start observations MEAS/F1
Message: "Measuring – check your input" is displayed
Let both receivers track satellites and record data for about 15 minutes. Enter
a Point Id. Then exit the mission and switch off as follows:
August 1996 15
Survey Press STOP to halt observations STOP/F1
[1110] Stop measuring ? (Y/N)
Press Y Y
Survey Record the point information REC-
[1110] EXIT Mission PT/F1
Exit Mission ? (Y/N) EXIT-M
/F2
Y
"Please Wait" Flashes
[0000] Switch OFF OFF
If, during the measurement, you unplug connecting cables or remove

the PCMCIA memory card it is possible that you may lose data.
Before you unplug the connecting cables or remove the PCMCIA memory
card, first switch off the instrument.
5.3 SPCS Software installation

To install SPCS software insert the installation disk either in floppy drive A:
or B: and change into the selected drive. Start installation by typing
"INSTALL". The SPCS software will be installed onto drive C: under the
sub–directory C:\SPCS\. The sub–directory structure will be created
automatically. Under the root–directory C:\ a batch–file SPCS.BAT will be
created. Your autoexec.bat file will not be changed.
16 August 1996
Current limitations which have to be taken into account are:
1) The SPCS software will be installed automatically onto drive C:.

There is no possibility to install the software on a different drive.
2) Due to limitations of the used multi–tasking operation system that is
used the partition size of drive C: has to be≤ 250 MB.
3) The data will be logged automatically under the sub directory
C:\SPCS\DATA\.
4) The Stacker file compression program must not be used on drive C:.
5) Do not use a memory management program.
6) Math coprocessor emulation software is not accommodated by
SPCS.
Connect the Sensor to the serial port using the cable (RS232-LEMO)
provided. Provide the Sensor with power.
Start the Sensor by typing "SPCS" from the DOS prompt. SPCS software is
operated in exactly the same way as a GPS Controller. All data is stored
under the directory C:\SPCS\DATA. Data is stored in data sets consisting of
several files. Note that deleting one or more of these files will corrupt the data
set integrity and the data set will not be able to be imported into SKI.
In order to use the software correctly and reliably, you must

follow the instructions given in the user manual or in the on-
line help system. You must also adhere to the directions
given in the user manual for the product with which you are
using the software.
The rights and responsibilities accruing in respect to Leica as a result of

acquisition of the software are set out in the Leica Software License
Agreement.
To secure your rights with regard to the software acquired, it is essential that
you follow the directions given on the Leica Software - Support
Registration Card.
August 1996 17
5.4 Processing the data in the SKI software
In most cases, a short introductory course to the software will have been
given by the local Leica representative.
To import and process the data proceed as follows:
Switch on the computer, start Windows, start SKI.
• Create a new Project
Select the Project component. Select Manager. Select New. Enter a path
under which you wish to store the project. Enter a project name. Leave the
Project component.
• Import the data
For each Controller you must import the data into SKI.
Select the Import component. Select Measurement. Select GPS Controller.

Select Memory Card if you recorded data on a memory card. Select Internal
Memory if you recorded data on the Internal Memory. Follow the
instructions that appear and press OK.
The data will then be read by SKI. Select the jobs or datasets that you wish to
copy to the computer and press Copy. When the jobs/datasets that you require
are copied press OK.
Then you must import the data into a particular Project. The data that you
have copied to the computer is shown in the left hand box, the Project to
which it will be copied is shown in the right hand box. Select the data by
clicking on it and press Insert to transfer the data to the Project.
When you have imported the data from both Controllers, leave the Import
component
18 August 1996
• Process the data
Select the Data Processing component. The day on which you have measured
will be displayed. Select this day and press OK.
The day will be selected. Press Manual. A chart will appear showing the two
stations where you measured.
You must tell the program which station is the Reference and which is the
Rover. Ensure that the Reference selection tool is selected. (Displayed at the
bottom of the screen). Click on ONE of the lines. It will be selected as the
Reference and will be displayed red.
Select the Rover selection tool from the bottom of the screen. Click on the
other line. It will be selected as a Rover and will be displayed green.
The baseline selection is now complete. Click on OK.
To begin the computation click on Compute. The computation will begin.

When the computation is complete, click on Results to view the result.
One line will be displayed with the accuracy of that line. From here you may
export the result for further work. To view the coordinates click on details
and move the cursor to the line. Click on the line. The coordinates of the
rover point will be displayed.
August 1996 19
6 Care and Transport

When dispatching the equipment, always use the complete original
Leica shipping case.
- If the equipment gets wet, always dry it before repacking it in the

case.
- When storing the equipment, particularly in summer and inside a
vehicle, take the storage-temperature limits into account.
- If the hard case is left open and exposed to damp or wet conditions
for long periods of time, remove the foam inserts and dry the inside
of the case beforerepacking the equipment.
Cleaning
Use only a clean, soft, lint-free cloth for cleaning. If necessary,
moisten the cloth with pure alcohol. Do not use other cleaners as
these may attack polymer components.
Keep plugs and sockets clean and dry. Blow away any dirt lodged in
the cable plugs or instrument sockets.
20 August 1996
7 Safety Instructions
The following directions should enable the person responsible for the Leica
GPS equipment, and the person who actually uses the equipment, to
anticipate and avoid operational hazards.
The person responsible for the equipment must ensure that all users
understand these directions and adhere to them.
7.1 Intended use of equipment

7.1.1 Permitted uses
Leica GPS equipment is designed and intended for the following
applications:
- Measuring and computing coordinates using P-code and/or C/A-code

signals from NAVSTAR GPS satellites
- Carrying out measurement tasks using various GPS measuring techniques
- Recording GPS and point related data
- Computation and evaluation by means of software.
August 1996 21
7.1.2 Adverse uses

- Using the GPS equipment and software without proper instruction.
- Using the equipment for applications for which it is not designed and in
environments for which it is not specified.
- Deactivation of any safety systems and removal of any hazard notices.
- Opening of the product by using tools (e.g. screwdriver) unless, for special
purposes, expressly permitted in the instructions.
- Modification or conversion of the product.
- Using the equipment or software after misappropriation.
- Use of accessories from other manufacturers without the express approval
of Leica.
- Inadequate safeguards at the site (e.g. when measuring on roads etc.).
WARNING: Adverse use can lead to injury, malfunction and

damage.
It is the task of the person responsible for the equipment to inform
the user about possible hazards and how to counteract them. Leica
GPS equipment is not to be operated until the user has been
instructed how to work with it.
7.2 Limits to use

Refer to Section 8 "Technical specifications"
Environment:
Suitable for use in an atmosphere appropriate for permanent human
habitation (not in an aggressive or explosive environment).
The CR233, CR244, CR333 or CR344 Controllers are not intended for
long term installation in an outdoor environment.
7.3 Responsibilities
- Responsibilities of the manufacturer of the original equipment LEICA AG,
CH-9435 Heerbrugg, Switzerland (hereinafter referred to as Leica):
Leica is responsible for supplying the product, including the user manual
and original accessories, in a safe condition.
- Responsibilities of the manufacturers of non-Leica accessories:

22 August 1996
The manufacturers of non-Leica accessories for Leica GPS
equipment are responsible for developing, implementing and
communicating safety concepts for their products, and are also
responsible for the effectiveness of those safety concepts in
combination with the Leica product.
- Responsibilities of the person in charge of the equipment

WARNING: The person responsible for the equipment must ensure
that it is used in accordance with the instructions. This person is also
accountable for the training and deployment of personnel who use
the equipment and for the safety of the equipment when in use.
The person in charge of the instrument has the following duties:
- To understand the safety instructions on the product and the instructions in
the user manual.
- To be familiar with local regulations relating to accident prevention.
- To inform Leica immediately if the equipment becomes unsafe.
August 1996 23
7.4 Hazards in use

7.4.1 Main hazards in use
WARNING: The absence of instruction, or the inadequate imparting
of instruction, can lead to incorrect or adverse use, and can give rise
to accidents with far-reaching human, material, financial and
environmental consequences.
Precautions:
All users must follow the safety directions given by the manufacturer and
the directions of the person responsible for the instrument.
WARNING: The charger and the PCMCIA memory-card

reader may not be used under damp or inclement conditions. If
moisture penetrates the charger, the user may receive an electric
shock.
Precautions:
Use the charger and the PCMCIA card reader only indoors, in dry rooms.
Protect them from damp. If they are damp, do not use them.
WARNING: If you open the charger or the PCMCIA memory-

card reader, either of the following actions may cause you to
receive an electric shock:
- Touching live components
- Using after incorrect attempts to carry out repairs.
Precautions:
Do not open the charger or the PCMCIA memory-card reader. Only a
Leica-approved service technician is entitled to repair them.
CAUTION: If the equipment is defective or has been dropped,

misused or modified, erroneous measurements may result.
Precautions:
If you suspect the equipment to be defective or that the equipment has been
dropped, misused or modified, carry out test measurments before using it
further.
24 August 1996
WARNING: If computers intended for indoor use are used out of
doors in the field, there is a danger of electric shock.
Precautions:
Adhere to any instructions given by the computer manufacturer with regard
to field use.
CAUTION: If components of the equipment are not properly

connected together or if tripods, quickstands etc. are not properly set
up, the equipment may be damaged or people may sustain injury if
the equipment is subsequently subjected to mechanical shock.
Precautions:
When setting up the equipment, make sure that all components (e.g. tripod,
tribrach, connecting cables etc.) are correctly adapted, fitted, secured and
locked in position.
WARNING: Inadequate safeguarding of the survey site can lead to

dangerous situations, for example in traffic, on building sites and at
industrial installations.
Precautions:
Always ensure that the survey site is adequately safeguarded. Adhere to the
regulations governing accident prevention and road traffic.
CAUTION: During the transport of charged batteries it is possible

for inappropriate mechanical influences to constitute a fire hazard.
Precautions: Before dispatching your equipment, discharge the battery,
either by running the instrument until the batteries are flat, or by discharging
them with the GKL23 charger.
August 1996 25
WARNING: If an External Antenna is not properly fitted to the roof
rack of a vehicle it can be torn off by mechanical shock, vibration or
wind, possibly causing accident and injury.
Precautions:
Use nothing other than the External Antenna on the roof rack of a vehicle.
Secure the External Antenna correctly to the roof rack by means of the
adapter. Leica offers the adapter as an accessory.
Secure the safety cord to the External Antenna and connect the cord to the
adapter in accordance with the instruction plate on the adapter.
Ensure that the roof rack is correctly mounted and able to safely carry the
weight of the Antenna and accessories.
WARNING: If the equipment is improperly disposed of, the

following can happen:
- If polymer parts are burnt, poisonous gases are produced which
may impair health.
- If batteries are damaged or are heated strongly, they can explode
and cause poisoning, burning, corrosion or environmental
contamination.
- By disposing of the equipment irresponsibly you may enable
unauthorised persons to use it in contravention of the regulations,
exposing themselves and third parties to the risk of severe injury and
rendering the environment liable to contamination.
Precautions:
Dispose of the equipment appropriately in accordance with the regulations
in force in your country. Always prevent access to the equipment by
unauthorised personnel.
DANGER: If the GPS Receiver Hardware is used in exposed

locations (e.g. on masts, mountains or buildings), it is at risk from
lightning. Danger from high voltages also exists near power lines.
Lightning, voltage peaks, or the touching of power lines can cause
damage, injury and death.
Precautions:
• Do not use a GPS receiver in a thunderstorm as you may increase the risk
of being struck by lightning.
• Be sure to remain at a safe distance from electrical installations. Do not
use the GPS Antenna or Sensor directly under or in close proximity to
power lines. If it is essential to work in such an environment contact the
26 August 1996
local statutory regulatory bodies responsible for electrical installations
and follow their instructions.
• If a GPS Antenna or Sensor has to be permanently mounted in an exposed
location, it is advisable to provide a lightning conductor system. A
suggestion on how to design a lightning conductor for a GPS Sensor or
Antenna is given below. Always follow the regulations in force in your
country with regard to grounding Antennas and masts. These installations
must be carried out by an authorised specialist.
• Additional protection against lightning:
If there is a risk of a thunderstorm, or if the equipment is to remain unused
and unattended for a long period, protect your Leica GPS equipment
additionally by unplugging all systems components and disconnecting all
connecting cables and supply cables (e.g.. PC - Controller, Controller -
Battery, Sensor - Antenna) .
Suggestion for design of a Lightning Conductor for a GPS

Sensor/Antenna
1. On non-metallic structures
Protection by Air Terminals is recommended. An Air Terminal is a pointed
solid or tubular rod of conducting material with proper mounting and
connection to a conductor. The position of 4 Air Terminals should be
uniformly distributed around the Sensor/Antenna at a distance equal to the
height of the Air Terminal. The Air Terminal diameter should be 12mm for
copper or 15mm for aluminium. The height of the Air Terminals should be
25 to 50cm. All Air Terminals should be connected to the down conductors.
The diameter of the Air Terminal should be kept to a minimum to reduce
GPS signal shading.
2. On metallic structures
Protection is as described for non-metallic structures, but the Air Terminals
can be connected directly to the conducting structure without the need for
down conductors.
August 1996 27
Air Terminal arrangement (plan view)
Ground Plane (optional)
GPS Antenna
Support Structure
Air Terminal
Grounding the Sensor/Antenna
GPS Sensor/Antenna
Lightning Conductor array
(See above)
Antenna/Sensor connection
Metallic Mast
Connection to earth
28 August 1996
7.4.2 Electromagnetic acceptability

The term "electromagnetic acceptability" is taken to mean the capability of
the Leica GPS equipment to function correctly in an environment where
electromagnetic radiation and electrostatic discharges are present, and
without causing electromagnetic disturbances to other equipment.
WARNING: Electromagnetic radiation can cause disturbances in
other equipment.
Although Leica GPS equipment meets the strict regulations and standards
which are in force in this respect, Leica cannot completely exclude the
possibility that other equipment may be disturbed.
CAUTION: There is a risk that disturbances may be caused in other

equipment if Leica GPS equipment is used in conjunction with
accessories from other manufacturers, e.g. field computers, personal
computers, radios, non-standard cables, external batteries etc.
Precautions: Use only the equipment and accessories recommended by
Leica. When using computers and radios, pay attention to the information
about electromagnetic acceptability provided by the manufacturer.
CAUTION: Disturbances caused by electromagnetic radiation can

result in the tolerance limits for measurements being exceeded.
Although the Leica GPS equipment meets the strict regulations and
standards which are in force in this connection, Leica cannot completely
exclude the possibility that the Leica GPS equipment may be disturbed by
very intense electromagnetic radiation, for instance near radio transmitters.
Check the plausibility of results obtained under these conditions.
WARNING: If the Leica GPS equipment is operated with

connecting cables attached at only one of their two ends (e.g.
external supply cables, interface cables), the permitted level of
electromagnetic radiation may be exceeded and the correct
functioning of other instruments may be impaired
Precautions:
While the Leica GPS equipment is in use, connecting cables (e.g. instrument
to external battery, instrument to computer) must be connected at both ends.
August 1996 29
7.4.3 FCC statement (applicable in U.S.)
WARNING:
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and
can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not
occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by
turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
WARNING
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Leica for
compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
30 August 1996
Product labelling:
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to
the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,
including interference that may cause undesired operation.
August 1996 31
8 Technical Specifications
The Technical Specifications for Leica GPS equipment are contained on the
following pages.
8.1 SR9500 Tracking Characteristics

Satellite Reception: Dual frequency
Receiver channels: 12 L1 continuous tracking
12 L2 continuous tracking
L1 channels: Carrier phase, P1 code, C/A code
L2 channels: Carrier phase, P2 code
Carrier Tracking
L1, AS on or off: Reconstructed carrier phase via C/A code
L2, AS off: Reconstructed carrier phase via P2 code
L2, AS on: Switches automatically to patented P code-aided
technique providing full L2 reconstructed carrier
phase
Code Measurements
L1, AS off: Carrier phase smoothed code measurements:
C/A code narrow correlation, P1 code
L1, AS on: Carrier phase smoothed code measurements:
C/A code narrow correlation, patented P1 code-
aided code
P2 code
Patented P2 code-aided code
Note. Carrier phase and code measurements on L1 and L2 are fully

independent with AS on or off.
Satellites Tracked: Up to 12 simultaneously on L1 and L2
Time to first phase measurement typically 60 seconds.
32 August 1996
8.2 SR399/399E Tracking Characteristics
L1 channels: Carrier phase, P1 code, C/A code
L2 channels: Carrier phase, P2 code
Carrier Tracking
L2, AS off: Reconstructed carrier phase via P2 code
L2, AS on: Switches automatically to patented P code-aided
technique providing full L2 reconstructed carrier
phase
Code Measurements
C/A code narrow correlation, P1 code
C/A code narrow correlation, patented P1 code-
aided code
P2 code
Patented P2 code-aided code

August 1996 33
8.3 SR299/299E Tracking Characteristics
L1 channels: Carrier phase, C/A code
L2 channels: Carrier phase, P code
Carrier Tracking
L2, AS off: Reconstructed carrier phase via P code
L2, AS on: Switches automatically to proprietary code-aided
squaring.
Code Measurements
L1, AS on or off: Carrier phase smoothed C/A code
measurements
L2, AS off: Carrier phase smoothed code measurements
L1, AS on: Carrier phase smoothed code measurements

34 August 1996
Satellite Reception: Single frequency
L1 Carrier Tracking: Reconstructed carrier phase via C/A code
L1 Code Measurements: Carrier phase smoothed C/A code measurements
Satellites Tracked: Up to 6 simultaneously

August 1996 35
L1 channels: Carrier phase, C/A narrow code
L1 Carrier Tracking: Reconstructed carrier phase via C/A code
8.7 Time-mark ( pps) output

A Time-mark (pps) output may be fitted to all Sensor types as an option.
Accuracy of pps output 100 nsec (3 sigma without SA)
Output rate 1 second
8.8 GPS Antennas

AT302 and AT202
Microstrip L1/L2 antenna with built ingroundplane.
AT201
Microstrip L1 antenna with built ingroundplane.
Note: SR299 and SR399 Sensors contain built in antennas that are the same
as the AT302/202.
36 August 1996
8.9 GPS Controllers
CR233
Display: Liquid Crystal, 8 lines of 40 characters, may be

illuminated.
Keyboard: Full alphanumeric plus PC functions.
Data Input/Output: RS232 and LAN capability.
Data Storage: Via SRAM Flash card (512KB, 1MB or 2MB) or
via 1MB internal memory (optional).
CR244
As CR233 except:
May connect to communications link for output/input of RTCM SC104 v2.0
messages or RT-SKI messages (optional).
Supports output of NMEA 0183 v2.00 messages.
CR333
As CR233 except:
Data storage: Via PCMCIA Type I SRAM card (512KB or 2MB)

or via 1MB internal memory (optional).
CR344
As CR233 except:
May connect to communications link for output/input of RTCM SC104 v2.0

messages or RT-SKI messages (optional).
Supports output of NMEA 0183 v2.00 messages.
Data Storage: Via PCMCIA Type I SRAM card (512KB or 2MB)

or via 1MB internal memory (optional).
August 1996 37
8.10 Equipment weights
Sensors
SR9500: 2.6kg (5.7lb)

SR399/SR299 with adapter: 2.3kg (5.0lb)
SR399E/299E: 2.0kg (4.4lb)
SR260/SR261: 1.0kg (2.2lb)
SR9400: 1.25kg (3.5lb)
Antennas
AT302/AT202/AT201 with adapter: 0.6kg (1.3lb)
Controllers
CR233/CR244/CR333/CR344: 1.0kg (2.2lb)

(without plug-in battery)
8.11 Power
Power consumption
S9500: maximum 10 Watts
SR299 or SR399: maximum 9 Watts
SR299E or SR399E and AT302/202: maximum 9 Watts
SR260 or SR261 and AT201: maximum 3.5 Watts
SR9400 and AT201: maximum 7 Watts
With CR233/244/333/344 Controller connected

SR9500: maximum 13 Watts
SR299 or SR399: maximum 12 Watts
SR299E or SR399E and AT302/202: maximum 12 Watts
SR260 or SR261 and AT201: maximum 6.5 Watts
SR9400 and AT201: maximum 8.5 Watts
Supply Voltage
All equipment combinations: Nominal 12V DC
(Range 11-16V DC)
38 August 1996
8.12 Environmental Specifications
Instrument Operation Storage
SR9500 -20°C to +60°C -40°C to +70°C
SR299/299E -20°C to +50°C -40°C to +70°C
SR399/399E
SR260/SR261 -20°C to +50°C -40°C to +70°C
SR9400 -20°C to +50°C -40°C to +70°C
AT201 -40°C to +75°C -40°C to +75°C

AT202/302
CR233/244 -20°C to +50°C -40°C to +70°C

CR333/344
Leica SRAM Flash -10°C to +50°C -40°C to +70°C

Card, all sizes.
Leica PCMCIA -20°C to +70°C -40°C to +70°C
cards, all sizes.
Optional 1MB -20°C to +50°C -40°C to +70°C
internal memory.
Humidity (all instruments): Up to 95% non-condensing

Weather: Will withstand rain, snow, dust, sand etc.
August 1996 39
8.13 Separation distances
Sensor to Controller
Maximum with Power supply at Controller or Sensor only: 12.8m

With power supply at both Controller and Sensor: 150m
SR299E/399E and SR260/261/9400/9500 to AT202/302 or AT201

Antenna
Supplied cables: 2.8m and 10m

Optional Cable: 30m
Longer cables available on request.
8.14 Baseline precision

The following specifications are based on measurements processed using SKI
software and are given as baselinerms (root mean square).
Differential Phase
Operation SR399/399E SR299/299E SR9500

Static 5mm +1ppm 5mm +1ppm 5 mm +1ppm
Rapid static 5-10mm +1ppm 5-10mm +1ppm 5-10mm +1ppm
Reoccupation 5-10mm +1ppm 5-10mm +1ppm 5-10mm +1ppm
Stop & Go 10-20mm +1ppm 10-20mm +1ppm 10-20mm +1ppm
Kinematic 10-20mm +1ppm 10-20mm +1ppm 10-20mm +1ppm
Operation SR261 SR260 SR9400

Static 5-10mm +2ppm N/A 5-10mm +2ppm
Rapid static -- N/A --
Reoccupation -- N/A --
Stop & Go 10-30mm +2ppm N/A 10-25mm +2ppm
Kinematic 10-30mm +2ppm N/A 10-25mm +2ppm
40 August 1996
Differential Code
Operation SR399/399E SR299/299E SR9500

Static 30cm 50cm 30cm
Kinematic 50cm 50cm-1m 50cm
Operation SR261 SR260 SR9400

Static 1m approx 1m approx 30cm
Kinematic 1-2m approx 1-2m approx 50cm
Note: Baseline precision is dependent upon various factors including the

number of satellites tracked, constellation geometry, observation time,
ephemeris accuracy, ionospheric disturbance, multipath and resolved
ambiguities.
August 1996 41
Leica Geosystems AG
GPS
CH-9435 Heerbrugg
(Switzerland)
Phone +41 71 727 31 31
Fax +41 71 727 47 02
www.leica.com
G2-532-0en - IX.97 - Printed in Switzerland - Copyright by Leica Geosystems AG, Heerbrugg, Switzerland, 1997

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GPS Equipment

This user manual contains important safety

Leica Geosystems AG, GPS, CH-9435 Heerbrugg (Switzerland)

1 Product identification ................................................................................................1

August 1996 © Copyright 2008 Virtual Archive of WILD Heerbrugg www.wild-heerbrugg.com

8.7 Time-mark (pps) output .............................................................................. 36

© Copyright 2008 Virtual Archive of WILD Heerbrugg www.wild-heerbrugg.com August 1996

GPS Controller : Type:_______ Serial No.:_____________

GPS Sensor : Type:_______ Serial No.:_____________

External Antenna : Type: _________

The Main components are:

GPS Sensors: Receive the satellite signals.

There are various types of Sensors, the following are available:

SR260 - 6 L1 channels, code only

See section 8 for technical specifications.

Note on SR299/299E, SR399/399E and SR9500 Sensors:

Phase measurements on L2 are ensured however as these Sensors

4.2 GPS Controllers

See section 8 for technical specifications.

4.3 Post-processing software

SKI Static Kinematic software is the standard post-processing software for

4.4 SPCS Software

5 Getting started with new equipment

Should this not be the case, install the software as follows:

1. Start Windows and insert Diskette 1 into drive A: or drive B:

2. Ensure no other applications are running. From the Program Manager

The OMNIDrive is supplied with an installation diskette.

1. Insert the installation diskette into Drive A: or Drive B:

2. From DOS type A:\INSTALL E or B:\INSTALL E to install in English. A

5. Lines are added to the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files in order

5.2 Receiver Hardware: Sensor and Controller

5.2.1 Charge the batteries

• A totally flat GEB70 or GEB71 battery requires charging for 14 hours.

5.2.2 Set Up the Equipment

Panel Action / Display Key

With a CR233, or CR333 Controller running firmware version 2.33 or

Panel Action / Display Key

Toggle to STATIC CONT/F1

Toggle Use to USER INPUT

Panel Action / Display Key

With a CR244, or CR344 Controller running firmware version 3.20 or later.

Panel Action / Display Key

Toggle to STATIC CONT/F1

Toggle Use to USER INPUT

Panel Action / Display Key

If, during the measurement, you unplug connecting cables or remove

5.3 SPCS Software installation

1) The SPCS software will be installed automatically onto drive C:.

In order to use the software correctly and reliably, you must

The rights and responsibilities accruing in respect to Leica as a result of

To import and process the data proceed as follows:

Switch on the computer, start Windows, start SKI.

• Create a new Project

• Import the data

Select the Import component. Select Measurement. Select GPS Controller.

The baseline selection is now complete. Click on OK.

To begin the computation click on Compute. The computation will begin.

6 Care and Transport

GPS Controller : Type:_ Serial No.:_______

GPS Sensor : Type:_ Serial No.:_______