KARNATAKA STATE PU STATISTICS

LECTURERS’ FORUM

__________________________________

______________________________________

II PUC STATISTICS
PROJECT ASSIGNMENTS
RECORD BOOK
202 -2
 Student No: College Code:

----------------------- PRE-UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

Place: Dist :

Department of Statistics
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that _______________________________ has
satisfactorily completed the course of experiment in Statistics practical
prescribed by Pre-university Board for I year / II year P.U course in the
academic year 20…. / ….

Signature of the Lecturer in – charge of the batch

Date : Head of the department

Reg. No. :……………

II PUC STATISTICS PR0JECT ASSIGNMENTS RECORD BOOK Page 2

 Name of the candidate: ……………………..................................

¤UÀ¢ ¥Àr¹zÀ ProjectUÉ ¸À0§0¹zÀ AssignmentUÀ¼À ¥ÀnÖ :

Sl. Page
Assignment name No.
No.
1 Finding fertility and mortality rates. 3
2 Computation of Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Marshall-Edgeworth’s, 11
Dorbish-Bowley’s, Fisher’s and Kelly’s price index numbers.
3 Verification of TRT and FRT. Calculation of cost of living index 17
numbers for a specified class of consumers.
4 Finding trend values to the time series data by moving averages 21
and least squares method.
5 Interpolation and Extrapolation of missing values by Binomial 30
expansion & Newton’s method.
6 Finding probability using binomial, Poisson and hyper-geometric 34
distributions.
7 Determination of probability using the area under the standard 48
normal curve.
8 Testing of hypothesis for population mean, equality of 53
population means, population proportion and equality of
population proportions (large samples)
9 Testing of hypothesis for population mean and equality of 74
population means for small samples. Chi-square test for
variance, independence of attributes and goodness of fit.
10 Construction of control limits for ̅, R, np and C-charts. 87
11 Finding the solution to L.P.P. by graphical method. Obtaining 92
initial transportation cost by MMM and NWCR method.
12 Getting optimal strategies of a game, replacement period of 113
equipment and inventory solutions.
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ASSIGNMENT-1: DATE:
Finding fertility and mortality rates
1. Calculate CBR and GFR for the following data.
Age group
0-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50& above
(in years)
Male
11,000 9,000 12,000 16,000 21,000 15,000 7,000 4,000 6,000
Population
Female
10,000 8,000 11,000 15,000 20,000 15,000 6,000 5,000 9,000
Population
Live births - 320 660 1,200 2,000 1,140 240 40 -
(Ans: CBR: 28, GFR : 70)

2. From the data given below, calculate TFR.

Age-group 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49
Female Population 8,000 11,000 15,000 20,000 15,000 6,000 5,000
Live births 320 660 1,200 2,000 1,140 240 40
(Ans: TFR : 2020)

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 3. Find GRR, for the following data.
Age-group 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49
Female Population 8,000 11,000 15,000 20,000 15,000 6,000 5,000
Female births 160 330 570 800 600 150 30
(Ans: GRR : 995)

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 4. Compute GRR & NRR for the following data and comment on the result.
Age-group 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49
Female Population 16000 14500 13000 11500 10000 8700 7500
Female births 480 812 650 460 300 87 30
Survival ratio 0.91 0.9 0.9 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.85
(Ans: GRR : 1100, NRR : 980, Comment : Population is decreasing)

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 5. Calculate the STDRs for Locality A and Locality B, from the following data
and state which locality is healthier.
Age-group Locality - A Locality - B Standard
(in years) Population Deaths Population Deaths Population
0 – 10 6,000 60 7,000 84 4,000
10 – 20 10,000 80 15,000 90 16,000
20 – 60 20,000 240 25,000 250 18,000
60 & above 4,000 120 3,000 120 2,000
(Ans: STDRA : 11.1, STDRB : 10.1, Comment : Locality B is healthier)

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 6. Calculate CDRs and STDRs for both Localities, from the following data
and comment.
Age-group Locality - A Locality - B(Standard)
(in years) Population Deaths Population Deaths
0 – 10 6,000 60 7,000 84
10 – 20 10,000 80 15,000 90
20 – 60 20,000 240 25,000 250
60 & above 4,000 120 3,000 120
(Ans: CDRA: 12.5, STDRA: 11.6, CDRB = 10.88 = STDRB, Locality B is healthier)

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 7. Calculate CDR and STDR for the following data.
Age-group (in years) Population Death rates Standard Population
0 – 10 6,000 10 4,000
10 – 20 10,000 8 16,000
20 – 60 20,000 12 18,000
60 & above 4,000 30 2,000
(Ans: CDR : 12.5, STDR : 11.1)

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 8. In a place 10,000 births occurred in a year. The number of infant deaths
and neo-natal deaths are 450 and 270 respectively. The number of
mothers died due to child births is 90. Find IMR, NMR and MMR.
(Ans: IMR : 45, NMR : 27, MMR : 9)

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ASSIGNMENT-2: DATE:
Computation of Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Marshall-Edgeworth’s, Dorbish-
Bowley’s, Fisher’s and Kelly’s price index numbers.
1. Calculate the price index number by using appropriate/preferable average
for the following data.
Items A B C D
Price Base Year 20 25 30 10
(Rs.) Current Year 25 30 25 8
(Ans: 100)

2. Calculate the Kelly’s price index number and write your conclusion.
Prices (Rs.)
Items Quantity
2015 2020
A 06 15 08
B 25 30 04
C 25 20 06
D 06 10 05 Ans: 125

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 3. Construct Laspeyer’s, Paasche’s and Dorbish-Bowley’s price index
numbers for the following data.
Base Year Current Year
Items
Price (Rs.) Quantity Price (Rs.) Quantity
A 10 5 12 4
B 15 8 18 7
C 6 3 4 5
D 3 4 3 5
(Ans: 114, 110, 112)

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 4. Construct Laspeyer’s, Paasche’s and Fisher’s price index numbers for the
following data.
Price (Rs.) Quantity
Items
Base Year Current Year Base Year Current Year
A 10 12 5 4
B 15 18 8 7
C 6 4 3 5
D 3 3 4 5
(Ans: 114, 110, 111.98)

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 5. Calculate Dorbish-Bowley’s and Marshall-Edgeworth’s price index
numbers for the following data:
Price (Rs.) Quantity
Items
2005 2010 2005 2010
A 10 12 5 7
B 20 21 6 9
C 5 6 2 5
D 8 8 5 6
(Ans: 108.43, 108.47)

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 6. Construct Marshall-Edgeworth’s, Dorbish-Bowley’s and Fisher’s price
index numbers.
Base Year Current Year
Items
Price (Rs.) Quantity Price (Rs.) Quantity
A 10 40 15 45
B 12 20 10 25
C 15 30 20 30
D 13 50 18 45
E 11 10 14 20
(Ans: 131.13, 131.16, 131.15)

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 7. Calculate Laspeyre’s quantity index number for the following data.
2020 2023
Items
Price (Rs.) Quantity Quantity
A 10 08 05
B 20 16 10
C 30 20 15
D 40 25 30
(Ans: 95)

8. Calculate suitable index number for the following data.

Current year Quantity
Item
price Base year Current year
A 30 6 10
B 45 10 15
C 10 7 9
D 25 20 15
(Ans : 120)

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ASSIGNMENT-3: DATE:
Verification of TRT and FRT. Calculation of cost of living index numbers
for a specified class of consumers.
9. Test whether Fisher’s index number satisfies ‘Time Reversal Test’ and
‘Factor Reversal Test’ for the following data,.
2020 2021
Items
Price (Rs.) Quantity Price (Rs.) Quantity
A 7 70 9 99
B 9 81 11 110
C 15 225 20 110
D 20 300 25 350

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 10. Calculate Marshall- Edgeworth price index number for the following data.
Show that it satisfies time reversal test.
Price (Rs.) Quantity
Items
2010 2012 2010 2012
A 25 30 10 5
B 10 20 2 1
C 16 24 8 4
D 40 30 5 2
(Ans: 114.94)

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 11. Verify from the following data that:
a) Marshall-Edgeworth’s index number satisfies TRT
b) Fisher’s index number satisfies FRT.
2010 2015
Items
Price (Rs.) Quantity Price (Rs.) Quantity
A 6 50 10 56
B 2 100 2 120
C 4 60 6 60
D 10 30 12 24
E 8 40 12 36

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 12. Compute the cost of living index number for the data given below.
Price (Rs.)
Items Weight
Base year Current year
A 100 125 50
B 45 135 5
C 50 200 10
D 20 75 10
E 40 40 15
F 50 300 10
(Ans: 230)

13. Calculate cost of living index number for the following data:
Items Food Clothing House Rent Fuel Miscellaneous
Budget 30% 10% 20% 15% 25%
Price in 2010 (Rs.) 2000 600 1800 600 1250
Price in 2015 (Rs.) 2500 900 2160 780 1750
(Ans: 131)

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ASSIGNMENT- 4: DATE:
Finding trend values to the time series data by moving averages and least
squares method.
1. Calculate the trend values by finding three yearly moving averages.
Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sales (in thousand Rs.) 120 104 130 126 145 131 132
(Trend values: 118, 120, 133.67, 134, 136)

2. Estimate the trend values using the data given below by taking four yearly
moving averages:
Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Value 12 25 39 54 70 87 105 100 82
(Trend values: 39.75, 54.75, 70.75, 84.75, 92)

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 3. Find 5 yearly moving averages for the following time series.
Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Value 10 15 18 21 25 30 33 40 50
(Trend values: 17.8 21.8 25.4 29.8 35.6)

4. Calculate trend values by four yearly moving averages for the following data.
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Sales 84 60 40 52 48 56 60 80 92
(Trend values: 54.5, 49.5, 51.5, 57.5, 66.5)

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 5. Fit an equation of the type Y = a + bx to the following data and estimate
the value for the year 2024. Obtain trend values.
Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Values 30 50 80 110 170
(Ans: a = 88, b = 34, ̂ 2024 = 224, Trend Values: 20, 54, 88, 122, 156)

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 6. For the following data:
a) Fit a straight line trend of the type Y = a + bx.
b) Obtain trend values (c) Estimate the profit for the year 2022.
Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Profit (‘000s) 80 100 120 130 150 167
(Ans: a = 124.5, b = 8.5, ̂ 2022 = 184, Trend Values : 82, 99, 116, 133, 150, 167)

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 7. Below are given the figures of production (in thousand quintals) of a sugar
factory:
Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Production (in ‘000 qtls) 80 90 92 83 94 99 92
a) Fit a straight line trend to these figures.
b) Estimate the production for the year 2023.
c) Compute the trend values.
(Ans: a = 90, b = 2, ̂ 2023 = 98, Trend Values: 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96 )

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 8. Fit a parabolic trend equation of the form Y = a + bx + cx2 to the following
data regarding profits and estimate the profit for the year 2022.
Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Profit (in Rs. ‘000’) 15 11 10 11 13
(Ans: a = 10, b = - 0.4, c = 1, ̂ = a + bx + cx = 10 - 0.4x + x2, ̂ 2022 = 17.8)
2

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 9. Fit a second degree equation of the form Y = a + bx + cx2 to the following
data and estimate the value for the year 2023.
Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Value 14 18 22 27 34 44 58
(Ans: a = 27, b = 7, c = 1, ̂ 2023 = 71)

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 10. Fit an exponential trend curve Y = abx to the following data. Estimate the
population for the year 2021.
Census years 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population (in lakhs) 10 13 17 23 30
(Ans: a = 17.124, b = 1.319, ̂ 2021 = 39.56)

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 11. Fit an exponential trend curve Y = abx to the following data. Estimate the
value for the year 2021.
Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Value 15 28 42 56 72 90
(Ans: a = 43.092, b = 1.188, ̂ 2021 = 144.1)

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 ASSIGNMENT-5: DATE:
Interpolation and Extrapolation of missing values by Binomial
expansion & Newton’s method.
1. Interpolate and extrapolate the production for the year 2006 and 2010
with the help of the following table.
Year 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Production (tons) 10 11 13 - 18 -
(Ans:15.5, 20)

2. Following is data regarding annual net life insurance premium. Using

binomial expansion method estimate the premium at the age 30 and 45
Age (in Years) 20 25 30 35 40 45
Premium (in Rs.) 1426 1581 - 1996 2256 -
(Ans: 1771, 2551)

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 3. Interpolate and extrapolate the profit for the years 2014 and 2017 from
the following data.
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Profit (’000 Rs.) 80 140 180 ? 240 300 ?
(Ans: 208, 420)

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 4. The following table shows the expectation of life at different ages.
Interpolate the expectation of life in years at the age 15 years.
Age (in Years) 10 20 30 40
Expectation of life (in years) 50 42 33 22
(Ans: 46.0625 46)

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 5. Following is data regarding annual net life insurance premium. Using
Newton’s advancing difference method estimate the premium at the age of
26 years.
Age (in Years) 20 25 30 35 40
Premium (in Rs.) 1426 1581 1771 2016 2336
(Ans: 1670.375 1670.40)

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ASSIGNMENT-6: DATE:
Finding probability using binomial, Poisson and hyper-geometric
distributions.
BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION:
1. In a college, 60% of the students are boys. In a random sample of 6
students, find the probability of getting i) three boys ii) at least one boy.
(Ans:0.2765, 0.9959)

2. An unbiased coin is tossed 5 times. Find the probability that the tosses
result in i) 2 heads ii) at least one head. (Ans: 0.3125, 0.9688)

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 3. The probability that a team winning the game is 3/5. If this team
participates in 6 games, then find the probability that it wins in i) all the
games ii) more than one game. (Ans: 0.0467, 0.9590)

4. In an office 40% of the employees are female. In a random sample of 5

employees, find the probability that there are i) no females ii) females only.
(Ans:0.0778, 0.0102)

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 5. In a certain school 40% of the students have opted for first language
Kannada. Assuming 20 teachers take a sample of 5 students each, how
many teachers will report that i) 3 students ii) no student opted for first
language Kannada. (Ans:0.2304, 4.608 5, 0.07776, 1.554 2)

6. Four unbiased coins are tossed 128 times. Calculate the expected
frequencies for the number of heads obtained.
(Ans: 8 32 48 32 8)

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 7. Five fair coins are tossed 128 times. Write down the theoretical frequency
distribution of number of heads. (Ans: 4 20 40 40 20 4)

8. Fit a binomial distribution, for the following data.

X 0 1 2 3
f 9 26 41 24 (Ans: p = 0.6 T(x) : 6, 29, 43, 22)

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 9. Fit a binomial distribution, for the following data.
Number of heads 0 1 2 3 4
Number of tosses 20 110 150 90 30
(Ans: p = 0.5 T(x) : 25, 100, 150, 100, 25)

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POISSON DISTRIBUTION
1. On an average a telephone operator receives three telephone calls per
minute. Find the probability that in a particular minute she i) does not
receive any call ii) receives more than 2 calls. (Ans: 0.0498, 0.5767)

2. 2% of the articles manufactured by a firm are found to be defectives. Find

the probability that a box of 40 articles contains i) exactly 3 ii) 2 or more
defective articles. (Ans: 0.0383, 0.1913)

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 3. In a text book, on an average 0.3 mistakes per page is found. If there are
500 pages in that text book, in how many pages will there be i) no
mistakes ii) at least one mistake? (Ans: 370.41 370, 129.6 130)

4. On an average the number of defective items in a box is 2. If there are 100

such boxes, in how many of them would you expect at least two defective
items? (Ans: 0.5941, 59.41 59)

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 5. In a certain factory turning out optical lenses there is a small chance
for any one lens to be defective. The lenses are supplied in packets of 10.
Use Poisson distribution to calculate the approximate number of packets
containing one defective lens in a consignment of 20,000 packets.
(Ans: 0.0196, 392.08 392 )

6. The probability that a knife manufactured by a firm is defective is .

Knives are supplied in boxes of 10 each. In a lot of 1000 boxes, how many
boxes contain at least one defective knife? ( Ans: 0.1813, 181.3 181)

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 7. Fit a Poisson distribution, for the following data.
Number of mistakes per page 0 1 2 3 4 and more
Number of pages 20 45 30 5 0
(Ans: = 1.2, T(x) : 30 36 22 9 3)

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 8. Fit a Poisson distribution, for the following data,.
Value 0 1 2 3 4 and above
Frequency 68 37 10 5 0
(Ans: = 0.6, T(x) : 66 40 12 2 0)

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HYPER GEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION:
1. There are 14 fruits in a basket. Out of which 8 are mangoes and rest are
oranges. A girl picks 5 fruits at random from the basket. Find the
probability that she gets 3 mangoes. (Ans: 0.4196)

2. There are 10 marbles in a box, out of which 6 are red coloured and the
rest white coloured. A child picks 3 marbles at random. Find the
probability that the child gets 2 red coloured marbles. (Ans: 0.5)

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 3. In a hyper geometric distribution, a = 6 , b = 7 and n = 4. Find the mean
and p[ X=1 ] (Ans: 1.8462, 0.2937)

4. There are 10 fruits in a basket, out of which 4 are mangoes and rest are
oranges. A girl picks 3 fruits at random from the basket. Find the
probability that she gets two mangoes. Also find the mean of number of
mangoes. (Ans: 0.3, 1.2)

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 5. If a = 4 and b = 6 and n = 5, find the mean and variance of hyper-
geometric distribution. (Ans: 2, 0.6667)

6. There are 15 students. Among them 10 are girls. A computer training

centre in the city offers free computer training to 4 randomly selected
students. Write down the p.m.f. of number of girls selected for computer
training. Also find variance. (Ans: 0.6984)

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 7. A basket has 12 mangoes, out of which 7 mangoes are ripe. 3 mangoes
are randomly selected. Find
i) the expected number of ripe mangoes among the picked ones.
ii) the probability that all the picked mangoes are ripe. (Ans:1.75, 0.1591)

8. Given a = 4, b = 6 and n = 4, find the mean and S.D. of hyper–geometric

distribution. (Ans: 1.6, 0.8)

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ASSIGNMENT-7: DATE:
Determination of probability using the area under the standard normal curve.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
1. X is a normal variate with parameters μ = 50 and σ = 4. Find i) P[X < 48]
ii) P[46 < X < 56] (Ans: 0.3085, 0.7745)

2. X is a normal variate with mean 64 and S.D. 12. Determine i) P [ X ≥ 67]

ii) P[ 60 ≤ X ≤ 66] (Ans: 0.4013, 0.1968)

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 3. Weights of students of a college are normally distributed with mean 45 kg
and S.D. 5 kg. Find the probability that a randomly selected student has
weight i) greater than 50kg ii) less than 42kg. (Ans: 0.1587, 0.2743)

4. The heights of soldiers are found to be normally distributed with mean

170cm and S.D. 2cm. Find the probability of soldiers whose height a)
above 173cm b) between 166cm and 173cm. (Ans: 0.0668, 0.9104)

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 5. The marks scored by the students of a class follow normal distribution
with mean 80 and S.D. 5. Find the probability that a student selected at
random from the class scored i) more than 90 marks ii) between 70 and
85 marks. (Ans: 0.0228, 0.8185)

6. The weights of 1000 students are normally distributed with mean 50 kg

and standard deviation 5 kg. Find the number of students with weight
i) below 40 kg ii) between 40 and 55 kg. (Ans: 22.8 23, 818.5 819)

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 7. The weights of 1000 Punjabi youths are normally distributed with mean
50 kg and S.D. 5 kg. Find the number of Punjabi youths with weight
between 45kg and 55 kg (Ans: 0.6826, 682.6 683)

8. Daily wages of 60 workers are normally distributed with mean Rs.500 and
standard deviation Rs.40. Find the number of workers getting wages
i) more than Rs. 530 ii) between Rs. 380 and Rs. 460.
(Ans: 13.59 14, 9.444 9)

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 9. Height of a group of candidates who attended the army selection camp is
normally distributed with mean 170cm and S.D. 3.9cm. Minimum eligible
height for army selection is 175cm. Show that 10% of the above group is
eligible.

10. The daily wages of workers are normally distributed with mean Rs.500
and S.D. Rs.50. i) Find the probability of workers whose daily wages will
be between Rs. 400 and Rs. 600 ii) Show that only 10% of workers have
daily wages more than Rs. 564. (Ans:477.2 477, 10.03 10%)

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ASSIGNMENT-8: DATE:
Testing of hypothesis for population mean, equality of population means,
population proportion and equality of population proportions (large samples)
LARGE SAMPLE TESTS (Z – TEST):
1. A machine is designed so as to fill cans with mean 100 ml. of oil. A sample
of 36 cans when measured had a mean content of 98 ml. with S.D. of 5
ml. Test at 5% level of significance whether the machine is functioning
properly. (Ans: Zcal = -2.4 Reject H0)

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 2. On 60 different days the number of passengers in a bus was noted. The
mean & S.D. of the number of passengers was found to be 41 and 3
respectively. At 5% level of significance, test the hypothesis that the mean
number of passengers in the bus is more than 40. (Zcal = 2.58 Reject H0)

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 3. A sample of 100 students is found to have average height 159 cm. Test at
1% level of significance that the sample is drawn from a large population
with mean height less than 160 cm and standard deviation 5 cm.
(Ans: Zcal = - 2, Accept H0)

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 4. It is known that the I.Q. of boys has an S.D. 10 and that of girls has an
S.D. 8. The mean I.Q. of 300 randomly selected boys is found to be 90 and
that of 200 randomly selected girls is found to be 88. Test at 1% level of
significance that there is any significant difference between the I.Q. of
boys and girls. (Ans:Zcal = 2.475 Accept H0)

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 5. Test whether mean of I population is more than mean of II population,
from the following data. (Use α=5%)
I sample II sample
Size 400 200
Mean 68.5 67.2
S.D. 8 6
(Ans: Zcal = 2.23 Reject H0)

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 6. Test whether mean height of girls less than mean height of boys, from the
following data. (5% L.O.S)
Girls Boys
Mean height 160 cm 162 cm
Variance 16 cm 2 25 cm2
Sample size 100 150
(Ans: Zcal = -2.79 Reject H0)

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 7. From a large consignment of mangoes, a random sample of 50 mangoes
was examined and among them four were found to be bad. Test whether it
is reasonable to assume that 10% of mangoes were bad.
(Ans: Zcal = -0.472 Accept H0)

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 8. A coin is tossed 1000 times and head turns up 550 times. Can we
conclude at 5% level of significance that the coin is unbiased?
(Ans: Zcal = 3.165 Reject H0)

9. In an election, the leaders of a party contend that they would secure more
than 40% votes. A pre-poll survey of 500 voters revealed that the
percentage is 46. Test whether the survey supports leaders claim?
(Ans: Zcal = 2.74 Reject H0)

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 10. A manufacturer claims that less than 2% of his products are defective. A
retailer buys a batch of 250 articles from the manufacturer and finds that
13 are defectives. Test at 1% level of significance that whether the
manufacturer’s claim is justifiable. (Ans: Zcal = 3.616 Reject H0)

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 11. 38 students passed among 45 randomly selected students of a college.
42 students passed among 55 randomly selected students of another
college. Test at 5% L.O.S. that passing proportion is same in both colleges.
(Ans: Zcal = 1.0062 Accept H0)

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 12. Test whether there is any significant difference in the population
proportion at 5% level of significance for the following data:
Size Proportion
Sample I 100 0.02
Sample II 200 0.01
(Ans: Zcal = 0.7143 Accept H0)

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 13. Test whether the proportion of I population is less than the II population?
Size Proportion
Sample I 1000 0.01
Sample II 1200 0.02
(Ans: Zcal = -1.896 Reject H0)

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t- TESTS:
1. A specified brand of automobile tyre is known to have average life of
10,000 km. A random sample of 26 tyres, when tested resulted in the
average life of 9,800 km with a S.D. of 500 km. At 1% level of significance
what is your conclusion regarding average life of tyres? (tcal =-2 Accept H0)

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 2. It is required to test whether those who practise Yoga have average blood
sugar less than 120. A sample consisting of 17 persons who practise Yoga
is observed. If their mean blood sugar is 114 and S.D. is 8, what would
you conclude? (Test at 5% L.O.S.) (Ans: tcal = - 3 Reject H0)

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 3. In five different years, the mean and S.D. of rainfall at a place are 184cm
and 4cm respectively. Can we conclude at 5% level of significance that the
average rain fall at the place is more than 180cm? (Ans: tcal = 2 Reject H0)

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 4. Test if there is any significant difference between mean marks of a student
in two subjects from the following data?
Statistics Accountancy
Mean marks 84 80
Sample variance 10 08
Sample size 12 10
(Ans: tcal = 2.954 Reject H0)

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 5. Mean and S.D. of heights of two localities regarding persons gave the
following results:
Sample Locality - A Locality -B
Size 12 8
Mean (cm) 175.3 177.7
S.D.(cm) 4.2 3.7
Can we conclude at 5% level of significance that the population of a
Locality–A on an average are shorter than Locality–B?
(Ans: tcal = -1.245 Accept H0)

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 6. Following is the data regarding weights of randomly selected boys and
girls of P.U.C. classes test whether P.U.C. boys are taller than P.U.C girls.
(Use at 5% L.O.S.)
Boys Girls
Sample size 10 12
Mean weight 71 69
Variance 3 2
(Ans: tcal = 2.84 Reject H0)

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 7. Following is the data regarding five students administered for an I.Q. test
before and after treatment of Yoga:
IQ before 118 120 116 115 125
IQ after 125 118 125 120 130
Is treatment effective? (use 5% level of significance)
(Ans: tcal = -2.588 Reject H0)

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 8. I.Q. of 5 students before and after training is given below. Test whether
training is effective. (Use 5% L.O.S.)
Student 1 2 3 4 5
I.Q. before training 100 120 122 130 125
I.Q. after training 110 118 125 135 120
(Ans: tcal = -0.835 Accept H0)

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 9. The following data represents the B.P. of 6 persons before and after
performing dhyana.
Persons A B C D E F
B.P. Before Dhyana 92 95 100 90 98 99
B.P. After Dhyana 86 90 96 88 100 96
Can we conclude at 1% L.O.S. that Dhyana reduces B.P.?
( Ans: tcal = 2.597 Accept H0)

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ASSIGNMENT-9: DATE:
Testing of hypothesis for population mean and equality of population
means for small samples. Chi-square test for variance, independence of
attributes and goodness of fit.
CHI-SQUARE TESTS
1. A normal variate has variance 8. Twenty sample observations of the
variate have variance 9. Test at 1% level of significance whether the
population variance is 8. (Ans: χ2cal = 22.5 Accept H0)

2. Variance of 10 observations drawn from a population is 30. Can we

conclude that population variance is less than 45?
(Use 5% level of significance) (Ans: χ2cal = 6.67 Accept H0)

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 3. A milk filling machine fills sachets with milk. The contention is that
standard deviation of quantity of milk filled is more than 3 ml. To test this
24 sachets are randomly selected and their contents noted. If the
standard deviation of these observations is 3.8 ml, what is your
conclusion? (Ans: α = 5%) (χ2cal = 38.51 Reject H0)

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 4. Following are the points scored by five students in a competition: 1, 13,
9, 5, 7. Test at 5% level of significance that the population variance is
more than 15 (Ans: χ2cal = 5.33 Accept H0)

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 5. 77 accidents that have occurred in a city in a week are given below:
Day Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
Accidents 8 10 11 13 14 6 15
Test at 5% level of significance that the accidents occur uniformly
throughout the week. (χ2cal = 5.8181 χ2(6) = 12.59 Accept H0)

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 6. In 120 throws of a single die, the following distribution of faces were
obtained:
Faces 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 30 25 18 10 22 15
Test at 5% level of significance that die is unbiased.
(Ans: χ2cal = 12.9 χ2(5) = 11.07 Reject H0)

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 7. Binomial distribution is fitted to an observed data when four coins are
tossed 400 times. The number of heads obtained are given below:
Number of heads 0 1 2 3 4
Oi 20 110 150 90 30
Ei 25 100 150 100 25
Test whether coins are unbiased. Use 1% level of significance.
(Ans: χ2cal = 4, χ2(4) = 13.28, Accept H0)

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 8. Binomial distribution is fitted to an observed data after estimating p, the
following data is obtained.
Oi 9 26 41 24
Ei 6 29 43 22
Test whether B.D. is good fit. Use 5% level of significance.
(Ans: χ2cal = 2.08, χ2(2) = 5.99, Accept H0)

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 9. Poisson distribution is fitted to an observed data after estimating mean,
the following data is obtained:
Oi 68 37 10 5
Ei 66 40 12 2
Test whether P.D. is good fit. Use 5% level of significance.
(Ans: χ2cal = 0.3570, χ2(1) = 3.84, Accept H0)

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 10. Fit a Poisson distribution and test whether it is a good fit for the following
data. Test at 1% level of significance.
Number of mistakes per page 0 1 2 3 4 and more
Number of pages 20 45 30 5 0
(Ans: λ = 1.2, T(x): 30 36 22 9 3, χ2cal = 12.58, χ2(2) = 9.21, Reject H0)

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 11. Test whether results and locality of the students are independent from the
following 2 × 2 contingency table. (Use 5% L.O.S.)
Locality
Rural Urban
Result Pass 10 15
Fail 15 10
(Ans: χ2cal = 2 Accept H0)

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 12. Following is data regarding eye-colour of fathers and their sons. Test
whether father’s eye-colour and son’s eye-colour are independent. (α = 1%)
Son’s eye-colour
Light Dark
Father’s Light 35 25
Eye-colour Dark 15 25
(Ans: χ2cal = 4.17 Accept H0)

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 13. To test the effectiveness of inoculation against Cholera the following table
was obtained:
Attacked Not Attacked
Inoculated 14 36
Not Inoculated 06 24
Test at 5% level of significance whether inoculation and affect of Cholera
are independent. (Ans: χ2cal = 0.64 Accept H0)

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 14. A driving school examined the result of 90 men and 110 women who were
taking their driving test for the first time gave the following results.
Sex
Men Women
Result Pass 50 50
Fail 40 60
Use Chi-square test at 1% level of significance to see whether there is any
relationship between the sex of a candidate and the ability to pass the
first time. (Ans: χ2cal = 2.02 Accept H0)

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ASSIGNMENT-10: DATE:
Construction of control limits for ̅ , R, np and C-charts
1. Following table gives mean ( ̅ and Range (R) of samples of size 5 each.
Sub group number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Mean (̅ 52 49 53 48 51 47
Range (R) 9 11 10 12 8 10
Find the control limits for drawing ̅ - chart.
(Ans:CL = 50, LCL = 44.23 UCL = 55.77)

2. The ranges of the 6 subgroups of size 4 each are 2, 9, 5, 3, 7 and 4. Find

the control limits for R-chart. (Ans: CL = 5 LCL = 0 UCL = 11.41)

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 3. Calculate control limits for R-chart for the following data.
Sub group number 1 2 3 4 5
Range (R) 9 11 10 12 8
(Given D4 =2.115) (Ans: CL = 10, LCL = 0 UCL = 21.15)

4. If P' = 0.02 and n = 25, calculate control limits for np–chart.

[Ans: CL = 0.5 LCL = -1.6 (take 0) UCL = 2.6]

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 5. Ten samples of 100 each of P.V.C. pipes manufactured by a firm are
inspected for the number of defectives. The numbers of defective pipes are
noted as below: 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 2, 4, 4, 5, 6.
Calculate control limits for np-chart.
[Ans: CL = 2.9 LCL = -2.134 (take 0) UCL = 7.934]

6. A company manufactures flooring tiles. Samples of 100 tiles are drawn at

regular intervals. The number of defective tiles is given below.
Sample number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
No. of defective tiles 2 3 1 0 4 2 4 2 6 5 4 5
Find suitable control limits for the above data.
[Ans: CL = 3.17 LCL = -2.086 (take 0) UCL = 8.426]

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 7. In a Printing industry, at regular intervals, cloth is inspected for defects in
printing. If on an average 0.6 defects are expected per square metre,
obtain suitable control limits.
[ Ans: CL = 0.6 LCL = -1.725 (take 0) UCL = 2.925]

8. Twenty pieces of cloth out of different rolls contained respectively:

1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 4, 6, 7, 2, 3, 2, 5, 7, 6, 4, 5, 2, 1, 3, 8 imperfections.
Calculate control limits for suitable control chart.
(Ans: CL = 4 LCL = -2 (take 0) UCL = 10)

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 9. The following data gives number of defects observed in assembling cars
inspected every day.
Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No. of defects 12 14 10 8 6 12 9 12 8 9
Calculate control limits for suitable control chart.
(Ans: CL = 10, LCL = 0.5132 UCL = 19.4868 )

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ASSIGNMENT-11: DATE:
Finding the solution to L.P.P. by graphical method.
Obtaining initial transportation cost by MMM and NWCR method.
LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEM
1. A manufacturer produces 2 products, X and Y which needs two machines
A and B. Product X requires 3 hours on machine A and 1 hour on
machine B. Product Y requires 1 hour on machine A and 2 hours on
machine B. There are 30 hours of time available on machine A and 20
hours on machine B. Profit earned by the manufacturer on selling one
unit of product X is Rs. 10 and one unit of product Y is Rs. 15. Formulate
the L.P.P. (Ans: Example number 4 in this section)

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 2. A tailor gets a profit of Rs.100 from a shirt and Rs. 170 from a pant. In a
week from available 56 hours, he uses 36 hours for cutting and 20 hours
for stitching. For cutting he requires 2 hours for a shirt and 3 hours for a
pant. He requires 1 hour for stitching a shirt and 2 hours for stitching a
pant. Formulate the L.P.P. (Ans: Example number 5 in this section)

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 3. There are two types of foods X and Y each containing different proportions
of vitamins A and B. Food X contains 2 units of vitamin A and 2 units of
vitamin B. Food Y contains 3 units of vitamin A and 1 unit of vitamin B.
The minimum daily requirement of vitamins A and B for a person is 12
and 8 units respectively. One unit of food X costs Rs.10/- and one unit of
food Y costs Rs. 5/-. Formulate the L.P.P. to optimize the expediture.
(Ans: Example number 6 in this section)

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 4. Solve the following L.P.P graphically:
Maximize Z = 10x + 15y
Subject to 3x + y ≤ 30
x + 2y ≤ 20 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
(Ans: x = 8 y = 6 Maximize Z = 170)

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 5. Solve the following L.P.P graphically:
Maximize Z = 100x + 170y
Subject to 2x + 3y ≤ 36
x + 2y ≤ 20 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
(Ans: x = 12 y = 4 Maximize Z = 1880)

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 6. Solve the following L.P.P graphically:
Minimize Z = 10x + 5y
Subject to 2x + 3y ≥ 12
2x + y ≥ 8 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
[Ans: (0, 8) or (3, 2) Minimize Z = 40. The L.P.P. has multiple solutions]

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 7. Solve the following L.P.P graphically:
Maximize Z = 3x + 2y
Subject to 2x + y ≤ 10
y≤ 2 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
(Ans: x = 4 y = 2 Maximize Z = 16)

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 8. Solve the following L.P.P graphically:
Minimize Z = 2x + 3y
Subject to 4x + 5y ≤ 40
x + 2y ≥ 10 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
(Ans: x = 0 y = 5 Minimize Z = 15)

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 9. Solve the following L.P.P graphically:
Minimize Z = 2x + 3y
Subject to 4x + 5y ≥ 40
x + 2y ≥ 10 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
(Ans: x = 10 y = 0 Minimize Z = 20)

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 10. Solve the following L.P.P graphically:
Maximize Z = 2x + 3y
Subject to 4x + 5y ≥ 40
x + 2y ≥ 10 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
(Ans: Unbounded solution)

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 11. Solve the following L.P.P graphically:
Maximize Z = 2x + 3y
Subject to 4x + 5y ≥ 40
x + 2y ≤ 10 and x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
(Ans: No solution)

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TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS:
1. Find the initial basic feasible solution to the following transportation
problem by North-west corner rule and find the total transportation cost
associated with it. Is the solution non-degenerate?
Destination
Availability
D1 D2 D3
O1 8 4 12 500
Origins O2 10 5 6 200
O3 7 5 3 100
Requirement 400 200 200 800
(Ans: X11=400, X21=100, X22=100, X23=100, X33=100,Total cost=Rs.5000, Yes)

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 2. Obtain an initial basic feasible solution for the following transportation
problem by NWCR method and hence find transportation cost. Is the
solution non-degenerate?
To
Availability
X Y Z
A 8 7 4 60
From B 4 8 9 70
C 11 3 5 80
Requirement 50 80 80 210
(Ans: X11=50, X21=10, X22=70, X33= 80, Total cost = Rs.1430, No)

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 3. Find an initial basic feasible solution by Matrix Minima Method and
compute the total transportation cost. Is the solution to T.P degenerate?
To
Supply
D1 D2 D3
O1 8 4 12 500
From O2 10 5 6 200
O3 7 5 3 100
Demand 400 200 200 800
(Ans:X33=100, X22=200, X23=100, X11=300, X21=100 Total cost=Rs.5100, No)

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 4. Obtain an initial basic feasible solution for the following T.P by MMM
method and hence find transportation cost. Is the solution degenerate?
To
Availability
X Y Z
A 8 7 4 60
From B 4 8 9 70
C 11 3 5 80
Requirement 50 80 80 210
(Ans: X23=80, X13=60, X21=50, X23=20, Total cost = Rs.860, Yes)

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 5. Find initial basic feasible solution for the following transportation problem
and obtain the cost associated with this solution. Is the solution
degenerate?
Ware House
I II III Availability
A 50 280 220 10
Factory B 90 70 170 30
C 270 200 60 40
Requirement 40 20 20 80
(Ans: NWCR : X11=10, X 21=30, X 32=20, X 33=20, Total cost = Rs.8400, Yes)
(Ans: MMM: X 11=10, X 33=20, X 22=20, X 12=10, X 13=20, Total cost = Rs.9400, No)

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GAME THEORY:
1. Solve the following game using maximin-minimax principle. Also find the
best strategies of A and B.
Player-B

.
( )

Is the game fair? (Ans: A3, B2 v = 10, No)

2. Solve the following game by maximin-minimax principle Is the game fair?

Player-B

.
( )

(Ans: A1, B1 v = 0, Yes)

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 3. Solve the game by maximin-minimax principle whose pay-off matrix is
given by:
Player-B

.
( )

(Ans: A1, B1 and A1, B3, v = 1)

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 4. Solve the following game using dominance property.
Player-B

.
( )

(Ans: A1 , B3 v=0)

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 5. Solve the following game by using the principle of dominance and hence
find the value of the game.
Company-Y

[ ]

(Ans: S, A v = 7)

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 6. Solve the following game.
Player-B

.
( )

(Ans: A2, B1 v = 4)

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ASSIGNMENT-12: DATE:
Getting optimal strategies of a game, replacement period of
equipment and inventory solutions.
REPLACEMENT THEORY:
1. Price of an item is Rs. 1000 and its maintenance costs at different years
are as follows:
Year 1 2 3 4 5
Maintenance cost (Rs.) 100 200 350 650 900
Assuming that resale value is negligible, find the annual average cost.
What is the optimum period of replacement?
(Ans: The annual average cost is Rs. 550, n = 3rd year)

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 2. The cost of a machine is Rs. 5700 and its resale value is Rs. 700. The
maintenance costs in different years are as follows:
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6
Maintenance cost (Rs.) 200 350 450 600 900 1800
Find the annual average cost and the optimal replacement period.
(Ans: The annual average cost is Rs.1500, n = 5th year)

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 3. The purchase price of a machine A is Rs. 5000. Its resale value and
maintenance costs are as follows:
Years 1 2 3 4 5
Maintenance cost (Rs.) 100 200 330 510 860
Resale value (Rs.) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000
What would be the optimum replacement period?
(Ans: The annual average cost is Rs.1160, n = 4th year)

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 4. The cost of a machine is Rs. 6000. The following gives data collected in
running the machine:
Years 1 2 3 4 5
Resale value 3200 1800 1000 500 300
Cost of maintenance 800 1000 1400 2000 2500
Determine when it is profitable to replace the machine.
(Ans: The annual average cost is Rs.2675, n = 4th year)

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 5. A machine costs Rs. 36,000. Its resale value and maintenance cost at
different years are given below :
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6
Maintenance cost Rs.) 820 1330 1940 2750 3960 5470
Resale value (Rs.) 28000 22000 20000 18000 17000 15000
Find out when the machine should be replaced?
(Ans: The annual average cost is Rs.5960, n = 5th year)

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 6. A machine costs Rs. 8000. The expected maintenance costs and resale
values in different years are given below:
Years 1 2 3 4 5 6
Maintenance cost (Rs.) 100 120 160 240 300 400
Resale value (Rs.) 7500 7200 7000 6500 5800 5000
Determine the optimal age for replacement of the machine.
(Ans: The annual average cost is Rs.460, n = 3rd year)

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INVENTORY THEORY:
1. There is a demand for 12000 items per year. The set up cost is Rs. 100
and carrying cost is Rs. 15/item/year. Shortages are not allowed.
Compute: i) Economic order quantity ii) The minimum annual average
inventory cost. (Ans: Q0 = 400 C(Q0) = Rs. 6000)

2. There is a demand for 8000 items per year. The ordering cost is Rs.400
and carrying cost is Rs. 10 per item per year.
Then find : i) EOQ ii) The minimum average inventory cost.
(Ans: Q0 = 800 C(Q0) = Rs. 8000)

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 3. There is a demand for 8100 items per year. The replenishment cost is Rs.
100 and the maintenance cost is Rs. 2 per item per year. Replenishment
is instantaneous and shortages are not allowed. Find :
i) the optimal lot size (ii) the optimum time between orders and
iii) the optimum number of order.
(Ans: Q0 = 900 t0 = 0.1111 n0 = 9)

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 4. The annual demand for an item is 5000 units. The inventory carrying cost
is Re.1.00 per unit per year. Set-up cost is Rs. 100. Find:
(i) EOQ (ii) Number of orders per year (iii) Minimum average cost.
(Ans: Q0 = 1000 n0 = 5 C(Q0) = Rs. 1000 )

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 5. The annual demand for an item is 3600 units. Capital cost is Rs. 15 per
unit. Inventory carrying cost is 20% of capital cost per annum. If set up
cost is Rs. 150, Determine i) EOQ ii) Number of orders per year
ii) Optimal cost. (Ans: Q0 = 600 n0 = 6 C(Q0) = Rs. 1800)

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 6. A stockist has to supply 1600 units of a product every month to his
customers. He gets the product at Rs. 50 per unit from the manufacturer.
The cost of ordering and transportation from the manufacturer is Rs. 40
per order. The cost of carrying inventory is 7.5% per year of the cost of the
product. Find i) Economic lot size ii) the minimum average cost.
(Ans: Q0 = 800 C(Q0) = Rs. 2400)

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 7. A manufacturing process requires a commodity at a constant rate of 300
units /month. There is an inventory in which ordering cost is Rs.
50/order and holding cost is Rs. 16/unit/year. Find the economic order
quantity. Also find economic order quantity, if the shortage cost is
Rs.9/unit/ year. ( Ans: Q0 = 150 Q0 = 250)

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 8. The annual demand of an item is 3600 units. The cost of placing an order
is Rs.50 and annual maintenance cost is Rs. 9 per unit. The annual
shortage cost is Rs. 16 per unit. Find (i) EOQ (ii) maximum inventory level.
(Ans: Q0 = 200 S0 = 160)

9. The annual demand of an item is 8100 units. The cost of placing an order
is Rs. 50 and annual maintenance cost is Rs. 9 per unit. The annual
shortage cost is Rs. 3 per unit. Find (i) EOQ (ii) maximum shortage level
(Ans:Q0 = 600 Q0 - S0 = 450)

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 Logarithms
Mean Differences
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 0000 0043 0086 0128 0170 0212 0253 0298 0334 0374 4 8 12 17 21 25 29 33 37
11 0414 0453 0492 0531 0569 0607 0645 0682 0719 0765 4 8 11 15 19 23 26 30 34
12 0792 0828 0864 0899 0934 0969 1004 1038 1072 1106 3 7 10 14 17 21 24 28 31
13 1139 1173 1206 1239 1271 1303 1335 1367 1399 1430 3 6 10 13 16 19 23 26 29
14 1461 1492 1523 1553 1584 1614 1644 1673 1703 1732 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
15 1761 1790 1818 1847 1875 1903 1931 1959 1987 2014 3 6 8 11 14 17 20 22 25
16 2041 2068 2095 2122 2148 2175 2201 2227 2253 2279 3 5 8 11 13 16 18 21 24
17 2304 2330 2355 2380 2405 2430 2455 2480 2504 2529 2 5 7 10 12 15 17 20 22
18 2553 2577 2601 2625 2648 2672 2695 2718 2742 2765 2 5 7 9 12 14 16 19 21
19 2788 2810 2833 2856 2878 2900 2923 2945 2967 2989 2 4 7 9 11 13 16 18 20
20 3010 3032 3054 3075 3096 3118 3139 3160 3181 3201 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 19
21 3222 3243 3263 3284 3304 3324 3345 3365 3385 3404 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
22 3424 3444 3464 3483 3502 3522 3541 3560 3579 3598 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 15 17
23 3617 3636 3655 3674 3692 3711 3729 3747 3766 3784 2 4 6 7 9 11 13 15 17
24 3802 3820 3838 3856 3874 3892 3909 3927 3945 3962 2 3 5 7 9 11 12 14 16
25 3979 3997 4014 4031 4048 4065 4082 4099 4116 4133 2 3 5 7 9 10 12 14 15
26 4150 4166 4183 4200 4216 4232 4249 4265 4281 4298 2 3 5 7 8 10 11 13 15
27 4314 4330 4346 4362 4378 4393 4409 4425 4440 4456 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 13 14
28 4472 4487 4502 4518 4533 4548 4564 4579 4594 4609 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14
29 4624 4639 4654 4669 4683 4698 4713 4728 4742 4757 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 12 13
30 4771 4786 4800 4814 4829 4843 4857 4871 4886 4900 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 11 13
31 4914 4928 4942 4955 4969 4983 4997 5011 5024 5038 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 11 12
32 5051 5065 5079 5092 5105 5119 5132 5145 5159 5172 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 12
33 5185 5198 5211 5224 5237 5250 5263 5276 5289 5302 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 12
34 5315 5328 5340 5353 5366 5378 5391 5403 5416 5428 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11
35 5441 5453 5465 5478 5490 5502 5514 5527 5539 5551 1 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 11
36 5563 5575 5587 5599 5611 5623 5635 5647 5658 5670 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 10 11
37 5682 5694 5705 5717 5729 5740 5752 5763 5775 5786 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10
38 5798 5809 5821 5832 5843 5855 5866 5877 5888 5899 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10
39 5911 5922 5933 5944 5955 5966 5977 5988 5999 6010 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
40 6021 6031 6042 6053 6064 6075 6085 6096 6107 6117 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
41 6128 6138 6149 6160 6170 6180 6191 6201 6212 6222 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
42 6232 6243 6253 6263 6274 6284 6294 6304 6314 6325 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
43 6335 6345 6355 6365 6375 6385 6395 6405 6415 6425 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
44 6435 6444 6454 6464 6474 6484 6493 6503 6513 6522 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
45 6532 6542 6551 6561 6571 6580 6590 6599 6609 6618 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
46 6628 6637 6646 6656 6665 6675 6684 6693 6702 6712 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8
47 6721 6730 6739 6749 6758 6767 6776 6785 6794 6803 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8
48 6812 6821 6830 6839 6848 6857 6866 6875 6884 6893 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8
49 6902 6911 6920 6928 6937 6946 6955 6964 6972 6981 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8
50 6990 6998 7007 7016 7024 7033 7042 7050 7059 7067 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8
51 7076 7084 7093 7101 7110 7118 7126 7135 7143 7152 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8
52 7160 7168 7177 7185 7193 7202 7210 7218 7226 7235 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 7
53 7243 7251 7259 7267 7275 7284 7292 7300 7308 7316 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 7
54 7324 7332 7340 7348 7356 7364 7372 7380 7388 7396 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 7

II PUC STATISTICS PR0JECT ASSIGNMENTS RECORD BOOK Page 126

 Logarithms
Mean Differences
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
55 7404 7412 7419 7427 7435 7443 7451 7459 7466 7474 1 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7
56 7482 7490 7497 7505 7513 7520 7528 7536 7543 7551 1 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7
57 7559 7566 7574 7582 7589 7597 7604 7612 7619 7627 1 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7
58 7634 7642 7649 7657 7664 7672 7679 7686 7694 7701 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7
59 7709 7716 7723 7731 7738 7745 7752 7760 7767 7774 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7
60 7782 7789 7796 7803 7810 7818 7825 7832 7839 7846 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7
61 7853 7860 7868 7875 7882 7889 7896 7903 7910 7917 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6
62 7924 7931 7938 7945 7952 7959 7966 7973 7980 7987 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6
63 7993 8000 8007 8014 8021 8028 8035 8041 8048 8055 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
64 8062 8069 8075 8082 8089 8096 8102 8109 8116 8122 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
65 8129 8136 8142 8149 8156 8162 8169 8176 8182 8189 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
66 8195 8202 8209 8215 8222 8228 8235 8241 8248 8254 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
67 8261 8267 8274 8280 8287 8293 8299 8306 8312 8319 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
68 8325 8331 8338 8344 8351 8457 8363 8370 8376 8382 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6
69 8388 8395 8401 8407 8414 8420 8426 8432 8439 8445 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6
70 8451 8457 8463 8470 8476 8482 8488 8494 8500 8506 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6
71 8513 8519 8525 8531 8537 8543 8549 8555 8561 8567 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5
72 8573 8579 8585 8591 8597 8603 8609 8615 8621 8527 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5
73 8633 8639 8645 8651 8657 8663 8669 8675 8681 8686 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5
74 8692 8698 8704 8710 8716 8722 8727 8733 8739 8745 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5
75 8751 8756 8762 8768 8774 8779 8785 8791 8797 8802 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 5
76 8808 8814 8820 8825 8831 8837 8842 8848 8854 8859 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 5
77 8865 8871 8876 8882 8887 8893 8899 8904 8910 8915 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
78 8921 8927 8932 8938 8943 8949 8954 8960 8965 8971 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
79 8976 8982 8987 8993 8998 9004 9009 9015 9020 9025 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
80 9031 9036 9042 9047 9053 9058 9063 9069 9074 9079 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
81 9085 9090 9096 9101 9106 9112 9117 9122 9128 9133 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
82 9138 9143 9149 9154 9159 9165 9170 9175 9180 9186 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
83 9191 9196 9201 9206 9212 9217 9222 9227 9232 9238 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
84 9243 9248 9253 9258 9263 9269 9274 9279 9284 9289 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
85 9294 9299 9304 9309 9315 9320 9325 9330 9335 9340 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
86 9345 9350 9355 9360 9365 9370 9375 9380 9385 9390 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
87 9395 9400 9405 9410 9415 9420 9425 9430 9435 9440 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
88 9445 9450 9455 9460 9465 9469 9474 9479 9484 9489 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
89 9494 9499 9504 9509 9513 9518 9523 9528 9533 9538 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
90 9542 9547 9552 9557 9562 9566 9571 9576 9581 9586 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
91 9590 9595 9600 9605 9609 9614 9619 9624 9628 9633 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
92 9638 9643 9647 9652 9657 9661 9666 9671 9675 9680 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
93 9685 9689 9694 9699 9703 9708 9713 9717 9722 9727 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
94 9731 9736 9741 9745 9750 9754 9759 9763 9768 9773 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
95 9777 9782 9786 9791 9795 9800 9805 9809 9814 9818 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
96 9823 9827 9832 9836 9841 9845 9850 9854 9859 9863 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
97 9868 9872 9877 9881 9886 9890 9894 9899 9903 9908 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
98 9912 9917 9921 9926 9930 9934 9939 9943 9948 9952 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
99 9956 9961 9965 9969 9974 9978 9983 9987 9991 9996 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4

II PUC STATISTICS PR0JECT ASSIGNMENTS RECORD BOOK Page 127

 Antilogarithms
Mean Differences
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
.00 1000 1002 1005 1007 1009 1012 1014 1016 1019 1021 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.01 1023 1026 1028 1030 1033 1035 1038 1040 1042 1045 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.02 1047 1050 1052 1054 1057 1059 1062 1064 1067 1069 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.03 1072 1074 1076 1079 1081 1084 1086 1089 1091 1094 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.04 1096 1099 1102 1104 1107 1109 1112 1114 1117 1119 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.05 1122 1125 1127 1130 1132 1135 1138 1140 1143 1146 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.06 1148 1151 1153 1156 1159 1161 1164 1167 1169 1172 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.07 1175 1178 1180 1183 1186 1189 1191 1194 1197 1199 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.08 1202 1205 1208 1211 1213 1216 1219 1222 1225 1227 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
.09 1230 1233 1236 1239 1242 1245 1247 1250 1253 1256 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
.10 1259 1262 1265 1268 1271 1274 1276 1279 1282 1285 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
.11 1288 1291 1294 1297 1300 1303 1306 1309 1312 1315 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
.12 1318 1321 1324 1327 1330 1334 1337 1340 1343 1346 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
.13 1349 1352 1355 1358 1361 1365 1368 1371 1374 1377 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.14 1380 1384 1387 1390 1393 1396 1400 1403 1406 1409 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.15 1413 1416 1419 1422 1426 1429 1432 1435 1439 1442 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.16 1445 1449 1452 1455 1459 1460 1466 1469 1472 1476 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.17 1479 1483 1486 1489 1492 1496 1500 1503 1507 1510 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.18 1514 1517 1521 1524 1528 1531 1535 1538 1542 1545 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.19 1549 1552 1556 1560 1563 1567 1570 1574 1578 1581 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3
.20 1585 1589 1592 1596 1600 1603 1607 1611 1614 1618 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3
.21 1622 1626 1629 1633 1637 1641 1644 1648 1652 1656 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
.22 1660 1663 1667 1671 1675 1679 1683 1687 1690 1694 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
.23 1698 1702 1706 1710 1714 1718 1722 1726 1730 1734 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
.24 1738 1742 1746 1750 1754 1758 1762 1766 1770 1774 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
.25 1778 1782 1786 1791 1795 1799 1803 1807 1811 1816 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
.26 1820 1824 1828 1832 1837 1841 1845 1849 1854 1858 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4
.27 1862 1866 1871 1875 1879 1884 1888 1892 1897 1901 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4
.28 1905 1910 1914 1919 1923 1928 1932 1936 1941 1945 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.29 1950 1954 1959 1963 1968 1972 1977 1982 1986 1991 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.30 1995 2000 2004 2009 2014 2018 2023 2028 2032 2037 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.31 2042 2046 2051 2056 2061 2065 2070 2075 2080 2084 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.32 2089 2094 2099 2104 2109 2113 2118 2123 2128 2133 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.33 2138 2143 2148 2153 2158 2163 2168 2173 2178 2183 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.34 2188 2193 2198 2203 2208 2213 2218 2223 2228 2234 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.35 2239 2244 2249 2254 2259 2265 2270 2275 2280 2286 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.36 2291 2296 2301 2307 2312 2317 2323 2328 2333 2339 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.37 2344 2350 2355 2360 2366 2371 2377 2382 2388 2391 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.38 2399 2404 2410 2415 2421 2427 2432 2438 2443 2449 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.39 2455 2460 2466 2472 2477 2483 2489 2495 2500 2506 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 5
.40 2512 2518 2523 2529 2535 2541 2547 2553 2559 2564 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5
.41 2570 2576 2582 2588 2594 2600 2606 2612 2618 2624 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5
.42 2630 2636 2642 2649 2655 2661 2667 2673 2679 2685 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6
.43 2692 2698 2704 2710 2716 2723 2729 2735 2742 2748 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6
.44 2754 2761 2767 2773 2780 2786 2793 2799 2805 2812 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6
.45 2818 2825 2831 2838 2844 2851 2858 2864 2871 2877 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
.46 2884 2891 2897 2904 2911 2917 2924 2931 2938 2944 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
.47 2951 2958 2965 2972 2979 2985 2992 2999 3006 3013 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
.48 3020 3027 3034 3041 3048 3055 3062 3069 3076 3083 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6
.49 3090 3097 3105 3112 3119 3126 3133 3142 3148 3155 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6

II PUC STATISTICS PR0JECT ASSIGNMENTS RECORD BOOK Page 128

 Antilogarithms
Mean Differences
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
.00 1000 1002 1005 1007 1009 1012 1014 1016 1019 1021 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.01 1023 1026 1028 1030 1033 1035 1038 1040 1042 1045 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.02 1047 1050 1052 1054 1057 1059 1062 1064 1067 1069 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.03 1072 1074 1076 1079 1081 1084 1086 1089 1091 1094 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.04 1096 1099 1102 1104 1107 1109 1112 1114 1117 1119 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.05 1122 1125 1127 1130 1132 1135 1138 1140 1143 1146 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.06 1148 1151 1153 1156 1159 1161 1164 1167 1169 1172 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.07 1175 1178 1180 1183 1186 1189 1191 1194 1197 1199 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.08 1202 1205 1208 1211 1213 1216 1219 1222 1225 1227 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
.09 1230 1233 1236 1239 1242 1245 1247 1250 1253 1256 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
.10 1259 1262 1265 1268 1271 1274 1276 1279 1282 1285 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
.11 1288 1291 1294 1297 1300 1303 1306 1309 1312 1315 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
.12 1318 1321 1324 1327 1330 1334 1337 1340 1343 1346 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
.13 1349 1352 1355 1358 1361 1365 1368 1371 1374 1377 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.14 1380 1384 1387 1390 1393 1396 1400 1403 1406 1409 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.15 1413 1416 1419 1422 1426 1429 1432 1435 1439 1442 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.16 1445 1449 1452 1455 1459 1460 1466 1469 1472 1476 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.17 1479 1483 1486 1489 1492 1496 1500 1503 1507 1510 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.18 1514 1517 1521 1524 1528 1531 1535 1538 1542 1545 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.19 1549 1552 1556 1560 1563 1567 1570 1574 1578 1581 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3
.20 1585 1589 1592 1596 1600 1603 1607 1611 1614 1618 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3
.21 1622 1626 1629 1633 1637 1641 1644 1648 1652 1656 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
.22 1660 1663 1667 1671 1675 1679 1683 1687 1690 1694 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
.23 1698 1702 1706 1710 1714 1718 1722 1726 1730 1734 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
.24 1738 1742 1746 1750 1754 1758 1762 1766 1770 1774 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
.25 1778 1782 1786 1791 1795 1799 1803 1807 1811 1816 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
.26 1820 1824 1828 1832 1837 1841 1845 1849 1854 1858 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4
.27 1862 1866 1871 1875 1879 1884 1888 1892 1897 1901 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4
.28 1905 1910 1914 1919 1923 1928 1932 1936 1941 1945 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.29 1950 1954 1959 1963 1968 1972 1977 1982 1986 1991 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.30 1995 2000 2004 2009 2014 2018 2023 2028 2032 2037 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.31 2042 2046 2051 2056 2061 2065 2070 2075 2080 2084 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.32 2089 2094 2099 2104 2109 2113 2118 2123 2128 2133 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.33 2138 2143 2148 2153 2158 2163 2168 2173 2178 2183 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.34 2188 2193 2198 2203 2208 2213 2218 2223 2228 2234 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.35 2239 2244 2249 2254 2259 2265 2270 2275 2280 2286 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.36 2291 2296 2301 2307 2312 2317 2323 2328 2333 2339 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.37 2344 2350 2355 2360 2366 2371 2377 2382 2388 2391 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.38 2399 2404 2410 2415 2421 2427 2432 2438 2443 2449 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.39 2455 2460 2466 2472 2477 2483 2489 2495 2500 2506 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 5
.40 2512 2518 2523 2529 2535 2541 2547 2553 2559 2564 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5
.41 2570 2576 2582 2588 2594 2600 2606 2612 2618 2624 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5
.42 2630 2636 2642 2649 2655 2661 2667 2673 2679 2685 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6
.43 2692 2698 2704 2710 2716 2723 2729 2735 2742 2748 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6
.44 2754 2761 2767 2773 2780 2786 2793 2799 2805 2812 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6
.45 2818 2825 2831 2838 2844 2851 2858 2864 2871 2877 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
.46 2884 2891 2897 2904 2911 2917 2924 2931 2938 2944 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
.47 2951 2958 2965 2972 2979 2985 2992 2999 3006 3013 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
.48 3020 3027 3034 3041 3048 3055 3062 3069 3076 3083 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6
.49 3090 3097 3105 3112 3119 3126 3133 3142 3148 3155 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6

II PUC STATISTICS PR0JECT ASSIGNMENTS RECORD BOOK Page 129

 Antilogarithms
Mean Differences
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
.50 3162 3170 3177 3184 3192 3199 3206 3214 3221 3228 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7
.51 3236 3243 3251 3258 3266 3273 3281 3289 3296 3304 1 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7
.52 3311 3319 3327 3334 3342 3350 3357 3365 3373 3381 1 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7
.53 3388 3396 3404 3412 3420 3428 3436 3443 3451 3459 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 7
.54 3467 3475 3483 3491 3499 3508 3516 3524 3532 3540 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 7
.55 3548 3556 3565 3573 3581 3589 3597 3606 3614 3622 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 7
.56 3631 3639 3648 3656 3664 3673 3681 3690 3698 3707 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8
.57 3715 3724 3733 3741 3750 3758 3767 3776 3784 3793 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8
.58 3802 3811 3819 3828 3837 3846 3855 3864 3873 3882 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8
.59 3890 3899 3908 3917 3926 3936 3945 3954 3963 3972 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8
.60 3981 3990 3999 4009 4018 4027 4036 4046 4055 4064 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8
.61 4074 4083 4093 4102 4111 4121 4130 4140 4150 4159 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
.62 4169 4178 4188 4198 4207 4217 4227 4236 4246 4256 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
.63 4266 4276 4285 4295 4305 4315 4325 4335 4345 4355 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
.64 4365 4375 4385 4395 4406 4416 4426 4436 4446 4457 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
.65 4467 4477 4487 4498 4508 4519 4529 4539 4550 4560 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
.66 4571 4581 4592 4603 4613 4624 4634 4645 4656 4667 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
.67 4677 4688 4699 4710 4721 4732 4742 4753 4764 4775 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10
.68 4786 4797 4808 4819 4831 4842 4853 4864 4875 4887 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10
.69 4898 4909 4920 4932 4943 4955 4966 4977 4989 5000 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10
.70 5012 5023 5035 5047 5058 5070 5082 5093 5105 5117 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 11
.71 5129 5140 5152 5164 5176 5188 5200 5212 5224 5236 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 10 11
.72 5248 5260 5272 5284 5297 5309 5321 5333 5346 5358 1 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 11
.73 5370 5383 5395 5408 5420 5433 5445 5458 5470 5483 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11
.74 5495 5508 5521 5534 5546 5559 5572 5585 5598 5610 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 12
.75 5623 5636 5649 5662 5675 5689 5702 5715 5728 5741 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 12
.76 5754 5768 5781 5794 5808 5821 5834 5848 5861 5875 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 12
.77 5888 5902 5916 5929 5943 5957 5970 5984 5998 6012 1 3 4 5 7 8 10 11 12
.78 6026 6039 6053 6067 6081 6095 6109 6124 6138 6152 1 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 13
.79 6166 6180 6194 6209 6223 6237 6252 6266 6281 6295 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 11 13
.80 6310 6324 6339 6353 6368 6383 6397 6412 6427 6442 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 12 13
.81 6457 6471 6486 6501 6516 6531 6546 6561 6577 6592 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14
.82 6607 6622 6637 6653 6663 6683 6699 6714 6730 6745 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14
.83 6761 6776 6792 6808 6823 6839 6855 6871 6887 6902 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 13 14
.84 6918 6934 6950 6966 6982 6998 7015 7031 7047 7063 2 3 5 6 8 10 11 13 15
.85 7079 7096 7112 7129 7145 7161 7178 7194 7211 7228 2 3 5 7 8 10 12 13 15
.86 7244 7261 7278 7295 7311 7324 7345 7362 7379 7392 2 3 5 7 8 10 12 13 15
.87 7413 7430 7447 7464 7482 7499 7516 7534 7551 7568 2 3 5 7 9 10 12 14 16
.88 7586 7603 7621 7638 7656 7674 7691 7709 7727 7745 2 4 5 7 9 11 12 14 16
.89 7762 7780 7798 7816 7834 7852 7870 7889 7907 7925 2 4 5 7 9 11 13 14 16
.90 7943 7962 7980 7998 8017 8035 8054 8072 8091 8110 2 4 6 7 9 11 13 15 17
.91 8128 8147 8166 8185 8204 8222 8241 8260 8279 8299 2 4 6 8 9 11 13 16 17
.92 8318 8337 8356 8375 8395 8414 8433 8453 8472 8492 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 17
.93 8511 8531 8551 8570 8590 8610 8630 8650 8670 8690 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
.94 8710 8730 8750 8770 8790 8810 8831 8851 8872 8892 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
.95 8913 8933 8954 8974 8995 9016 9036 9057 9078 9099 2 4 6 8 10 12 15 17 19
.96 9120 9141 9162 9183 9204 9226 9247 9268 9290 9311 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 19
.97 9333 9354 9376 9397 9419 9441 9462 9484 9504 9528 2 4 7 9 11 13 15 17 20
.98 9550 9572 9594 9616 9638 9661 9683 9705 9727 9750 2 4 7 9 11 13 16 18 20
.99 9772 9795 9817 9840 9863 9886 9908 9931 9954 9977 2 5 7 9 11 14 16 18 20

II PUC STATISTICS PR0JECT ASSIGNMENTS RECORD BOOK Page 130

 Binomial Coefficients
n n n n n n n n n n n
C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9
1 1 1
2 1 2 1
3 1 3 3 1
4 1 4 6 4 1
5 1 5 10 10 5 1
6 1 6 15 20 15 6 1
7 1 7 21 35 35 21 7 1
8 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
9 1 9 36 84 126 126 84 36 9 1
10 1 10 45 120 210 252 210 120 45 10
11 1 11 55 165 330 462 462 330 165 55
12 1 12 66 220 495 792 924 792 495 220
13 1 13 78 286 715 1287 1716 1716 1287 715
14 1 14 91 364 1001 2002 3003 3432 3003 2002
15 1 15 105 455 1365 3003 5005 6435 6435 5005

Poisson Distribution - Exponents

m 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 . 0 1.0000 0.9900 0.9802 0.9704 0.9608 0.9512 0.9418 0.9324 0.9231 0.9139
0 .1 0.9048 0.8958 0.8869 0.8780 0.8693 0.8606 0.8521 0.8436 0.8352 0.8269
0 .2 0.8187 0.8105 0.8025 0.7945 0.7866 0.7787 0.7711 0.7634 0.7557 0.7482
0 .3 0.7408 0.7334 0.7261 0.7189 0.7118 0.7046 0.6977 0.6907 0.6838 0.6770
0 .4 0.6703 0.6636 0.6570 0.6505 0.6440 0.6376 0.6313 0.6250 0.6188 0.6126
0 .5 0.6065 0.6004 0.5945 0.5885 0.5827 0.5769 0.5712 0.5655 0.5599 0.5543
0 .6 0.5488 0.5433 0.5379 0.5326 0.5273 0.5220 0.5169 0.5117 0.5066 0.5015
0 .7 0.4966 0.4916 0.4868 0.4819 0.4771 0.4724 0.4677 0.4630 0.4584 0.4538
0 .8 0.4493 0.4448 0.4404 0.4360 0.4317 0.4274 0.4232 0.4189 0.4147 0.4106
0 .9 0.4066 0.4025 0.3985 0.3946 0.3907 0.3868 0.3829 0.3791 0.3753 0.3716
1. 0.3679 0.3329 0.3012 0.2725 0.2466 0.2231 0.2019 0.1827 0.1653 0.1496
2. 0.1353 0.1224 0.1108 0.1002 0.0907 0.0821 0.0743 0.0672 0.0608 0.0550
3. 0.0498 0.0451 0.0408 0.0369 0.0334 0.0302 0.0273 0.0247 0.0224 0.0202
4. 0.0183 0.0166 0.0150 0.0136 0.0123 0.0111 0.0100 0.0091 0.0082 0.0074
5. 0.0067 0.0061 0.0055 0.0050 0.0045 0.0041 0.0037 0.0033 0.0030 0.0027
6. 0.0025 0.0023 0.0020 0.0019 0.0017 0.0015 0.0014 0.0012 0.0011 0.0010
7 . 0.00091 0.00082 0.00075 0.00067 0.00061 0.00055 0.00050 0.00045 0.00041 0.00037
8 . 0.00034 0.00031 0.00028 0.00025 0.00023 0.00021 0.00019 0.00017 0.00015 0.00014
9 . 0.00012 0.00011 0.000098 0.000089 0.000080 0.000073 0.000066 0.000060 0.000054 0.000049
10 . 0.000045 0.000041 0.000037 0.000033 0.000030 0.000027 0.000025 0.000022 0.000020 0.000018
11 . 0.000017 0.000015 0.000014 0.000013 0.000011 0.000010 0.000009 0.000008 0.000008 0.000007

e- 1.12 = e- 1 X e- 0.1 X e- 0.02 = 0.3679 x 0.9048 x 0.9802 = 0.3263

II PUC STATISTICS PR0JECT ASSIGNMENTS RECORD BOOK Page 131

 AREA UNDER THE NORM AL CURVE FROM Z TO INFINITY
Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0.0 0.5000 0.4960 0.4920 0.4880 0.4840 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641
0.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247
0.2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4062 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859
0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483
0.4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121
0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776
0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611
1.0 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379
1.1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170
1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985
1.3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823
1.4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681
1.5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
1.6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455
1.7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367
1.8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294
1.9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233
2.0 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183
2.1 0.0179 0.0174 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0143
2.2 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0125 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110
2.3 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0094 0.0091 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084
2.4 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064
2.5 0.0062 0.0060 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048
2.6 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036
2.7 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026
2.8 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019
2.9 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014
3.0 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0010 0.0010
3.1 0.0010 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007
3.2 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005
3.3 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003
3.4 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002
3.5 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

II PUC STATISTICS PR0JECT ASSIGNMENTS RECORD BOOK Page 132

 AREA UNDER THE NORM AL CURVE FROM Z TO INFINITY
Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
-3.5 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998
-3.4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998
-3.3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997
-3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995
-3.1 0.9990 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993
-3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990
-2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986
-2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
-2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
-2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
-2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
-2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
-2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
-2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
-2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
-2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
-1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
-1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
-1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
-1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
-1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
-1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
-1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
-1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
-1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
-1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
-0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
-0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
-0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
-0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
-0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
-0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
-0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
-0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
-0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
-0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5310 0.5359

II PUC STATISTICS PR0JECT ASSIGNMENTS RECORD BOOK Page 133

Critical Values for One tailed and tailed Two Tests AT 5% and 1% Level Of Significance

NORMAL ( Z ) TEST
(Chi - Squqre) - Test
ONE TAILED TEST TWO TAILED TEST ONE TAILED TEST TWO TAILED TEST
5% 1% 5% 1% 5% 1% 5% 1%
df
k k k k Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper
1.65 2.33 1.96 2.58 k1 k2 k1 k2 k1 k2 k1 k2
1 0.0039 3.84 0.00016 6.65 0.00098 5.02 0.000039 7.88
t - Test 2 0.10 5.99 0.02 9.21 0.05 7.38 0.01 10.60
ONE TAILED TESTTWO TAILED TEST 3 0.35 7.81 0.11 11.3 0.22 9.35 0.07 12.8
d.f.
5% 1% 5% 1% 4 0.71 9.49 0.30 13.3 0.48 11.1 0.21 14.9
1 6.31 31.82 12.71 63.66 5 1.15 11.1 0.55 15.1 0.83 12.8 0.41 16.8
2 2.92 6.97 4.30 9.93 6 1.64 12.6 0.87 16.8 1.24 14.5 0.68 18.6
3 2.35 4.54 3.18 5.84 7 2.17 14.1 1.24 18.5 1.69 16 0.99 20.3
4 2.13 3.75 2.78 4.60 8 2.73 15.5 1.65 20.1 2.18 17.5 1.34 22
5 2.02 3.37 2.57 4.03 9 3.33 16.9 2.09 21.7 2.70 19 1.73 23.6
6 1.94 3.14 2.45 3.71 10 3.94 18.3 2.56 23.2 3.25 20.5 2.16 25.2
7 1.90 3.00 2.37 3.50 11 4.57 19.7 3.05 24.7 3.82 21.9 2.60 26.8
8 1.86 2.90 2.31 3.36 12 5.23 21 3.57 26.2 4.40 23.3 3.07 28.30
9 1.83 2.82 2.26 3.25 13 5.89 22.4 4.11 27.7 5.01 24.7 3.57 29.8
10 1.81 2.76 2.23 3.17 14 6.57 23.7 4.66 29.1 5.63 26.1 4.07 31.3
11 1.80 2.72 2.20 3.11 15 7.26 25.00 5.23 30.6 6.26 27.5 4.60 32.80
12 1.78 2.68 2.18 3.06 16 7.96 26.30 5.81 32.00 6.91 28.9 5.14 34.3
13 1.77 2.65 2.16 3.01 17 8.67 27.6 6.41 33.4 7.56 30.2 5.70 35.7
14 1.76 2.62 2.15 2.98 18 9.39 28.9 7.01 34.8 8.23 31.5 6.26 37.2
15 1.75 2.60 2.13 2.95 19 10.12 30.1 7.63 36.2 8.91 32.9 6.84 38.6
16 1.75 2.58 2.12 2.92 20 10.85 31.4 8.26 37.6 9.59 34.2 7.43 40.00
17 1.74 2.57 2.11 2.90 21 11.59 32.7 8.90 38.9 10.3 35.5 8.03 41.40
18 1.73 2.55 2.10 2.88 22 12.34 33.9 9.54 40.3 11 36.8 8.64 42.80
19 1.73 2.54 2.09 2.86 23 13.09 35.2 10.20 41.6 11.7 38.1 9.26 44.2
20 1.73 2.53 2.09 2.85 24 13.85 36.4 10.9 43 12.40 39.4 9.89 45.6
21 1.72 2.52 2.08 2.83 25 14.61 37.7 11.5 44.3 13.1 40.7 10.5 46.9
22 1.72 2.51 2.07 2.82 26 15.38 38.9 12.20 45.6 13.8 41.9 11.2 48.3
23 1.71 2.50 2.07 2.81 27 16.15 40.1 12.9 47 14.6 43.2 11.8 49.6
24 1.71 2.49 2.06 2.80 28 16.93 41.3 13.6 48.3 15.3 44.5 12.5 51
25 1.71 2.49 2.06 2.79 29 17.71 42.6 14.3 49.6 16.1 45.7 13.1 52.3
26 1.71 2.48 2.06 2.78 30 18.49 43.8 15 50.9 16.8 47 13.8 53.7
27 1.70 2.47 2.05 2.77 40 26.51 55.8 22.2 63.7 24.4 59.3 20.7 66.8
28 1.70 2.47 2.05 2.76 60 43.19 79.1 37.5 88.4 40.5 83.30 35.5 92
29 1.70 2.46 2.05 2.76 80 60.39 102 53.5 112 57.2 107 51.2 116
30 1.70 2.46 2.04 2.75 100 77.9 124 70.1 136 74.2 130 67.3 140

STATISTICAL CONSTANTS FOR CONTROL CHARTS

Sample size (n) A A2 d2 D1 D2 D3 D4
4 1.500 0.729 2.059 0 4.698 0 2.282
5 1.342 0.577 2.326 0 4.918 0 2.115

II PUC STATISTICS PR0JECT ASSIGNMENTS RECORD BOOK Page 134