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    TattooingintheMarquesas 10550337

    Uploaded by

    Angelo Vasquez
    The document discusses tattooing practices in the Marquesas Islands as recorded by Willowdean Chatterson Handy during her time there in 1921. It provides details on how tattooing was traditionally done, who received tattoos, and how the artists were paid. Tattooing was an art practiced on people of all classes and ranks, though wealthier individuals could afford more extensive designs. Payment for tattooing came in the form of food, tapa cloth, weapons, and other goods. The author hopes to document these traditions before they die out as tattooing is now illegal in the country.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    TattooingintheMarquesas 10550337

    Uploaded by

    Angelo Vasquez
    15 views635 pages
    The document discusses tattooing practices in the Marquesas Islands as recorded by Willowdean Chatterson Handy during her time there in 1921. It provides details on how tattooing was traditionally done, who received tattoos, and how the artists were paid. Tattooing was an art practiced on people of all classes and ranks, though wealthier individuals could afford more extensive designs. Payment for tattooing came in the form of food, tapa cloth, weapons, and other goods. The author hopes to document these traditions before they die out as tattooing is now illegal in the country.

    Original Title

    TattooingintheMarquesas_10550337

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses tattooing practices in the Marquesas Islands as recorded by Willowdean Chatterson Handy during her time there in 1921. It provides details on how tattooing was traditionally done, who received tattoos, and how the artists were paid. Tattooing was an art practiced on people of all classes and ranks, though wealthier individuals could afford more extensive designs. Payment for tattooing came in the form of food, tapa cloth, weapons, and other goods. The author hopes to document these traditions before they die out as tattooing is now illegal in the country.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views635 pages

    TattooingintheMarquesas 10550337

    Uploaded by

    Angelo Vasquez
    The document discusses tattooing practices in the Marquesas Islands as recorded by Willowdean Chatterson Handy during her time there in 1921. It provides details on how tattooing was traditionally done, who received tattoos, and how the artists were paid. Tattooing was an art practiced on people of all classes and ranks, though wealthier individuals could afford more extensive designs. Payment for tattooing came in the form of food, tapa cloth, weapons, and other goods. The author hopes to document these traditions before they die out as tattooing is now illegal in the country.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 635

    T AT T O O I N G IN T HE

    M A R Q UE S A S

    BY

    W I LLOWD E AN C H ATT E R S O N H AN D Y

    R
    B E N I C E P B I S H OP M U S E U M
    .

    B U LL E T I N I

    W I TH 38 PLA TES

    BA Y A R D D O M I NI C K EX PED I T I O N

    P U B L I C ATI ON NU M B ER 3

    H ON OLU LU H A WA I I
    ,

    PU B LI S H ED B Y TH E MU S EU M
    1 922
    WI LLOWDEA N CH ATT ER S ON H A N DY S ERV ED A s

    VOLU N TEER A S SOC I ATE W ITH TH E MA RQU ES AS


    PA RTY OF T H E B A Y A RD D O M I N I C K EX P ED ITI O N,

    1 9 20 1 9 2 1
    -
    . S H E H A S TA K EN S KI LLF U L ADVA N
    TA G E OF H ER O PPO RTU N ITY TO OB T A I N W H AT I S

    B EL I EVED TO B E A N U N U S U A LLY CO M P L ET E A N D

    I NTI M ATE R ECORD OF TATTOO I N G DES I G N S .


    T a tto o in g in th e M a rq u e sa s
    By WI LLOWDEA N CH ATTER SON HA N DY

    I NTR ODUC TI O N

    Dra w i n gs a n d ph o t ogra ph s o f t a tt ooi n g p a tt e rn s on the b o d i e s O f


    n at i v es w e r e m a d e b y the a u th o r d u r i n g a res i d en c e in the M a rq u esa s

    I s l a n d s in 1 9 2 1 A s t a tt oo i n g is n ow f o rb i dd en b y the l a w s o f the c ou n tr y
    .

    a n d the a r t is co n se q uen t l y d y i n g o u t th i s c oll ec t i o n Of the l a s t s p ec i m en s


    ,

    o f t att oo i n g p a tt e r n s w h i c h e x i s t t o d ay in th e M a rq u es a s h a s s e em e d to

    d em a n d a c o mp l em en t a ry co l l ec t i o n o f i n f o rm a t i on r eg a rd i n g the pr a c t i c e
    o f the a rt to the en d th a t the b ea u t i f u l m o t i v e s m i ght a t l ea s t b e p a rt l y
    ,

    a c c oun t e d for a n d m i ght s om e d a y t a k e th e i r m e r i t e d p l a c e in the h i s t o r y

    o f a rt The d a t a h a v e b een dr a w n fr o m n a t i v es w ho h a v e b e en d ec o r a t e d
    .
    ,

    fr om on e Old tu hu na or a rt i st w ho has pra ct i s e d t a tt oo i n g a n d fr o m


    , , ,

    l i t e ra ry s ou rc es th u s p i ec i n g t ogeth e r a fa i r l y a c c u ra t e p i c t u r e o f the
    ,

    p r ac t i c e D i s cu s s i on o f the d e s i gn i t s el f o f w h i c h the n a t i v e s k n o w
    .
    ,

    not h i ng t od ay b ey on d the n om en c l a t u r e i s u n d e rta k en in a s p i r i t o f a p


    ,

    pr ec i a t ion a n d w i th the ho p e th a t the su gges t i on s Offe r ed r ega rd i n g the


    e v ol u t i on a n d s i gn i fi ca n c e o f th i s fo rm O f d e co r a t i on m a y u n c o v e r o th e r

    pos s ibili t i es a n d l ea d to a m o r e con c l u s i v e i n t erpr et a t i on o f the a rt .

    ACT I CE OF THE A R T
    TH E PR

    I t w ou l d a pp ea r th a t th i s f o rm o f b o d y d e c o r a t i on w a s n ot c on fi n ed to
    c e rt a i n r a n k s o r c l a s se s in the M a rq u e sa s th ou gh w h a t m i ght b e c a ll ed
    ,

    a pr o p e rt y q u a li fi c a t i on l i m i t e d s o m ew h a t the c o m p l et e c o v e r i n g a n d fi ne r

    w o rk to the w e a l th y w ho cou l d a ffo rd to e mp l oy the b e s t a rt i s t s a n d s t a n d


    the a tt en d a n t e x p en s e o f f e ed i n g th e m a n d th e i r a s s i s t a n t s a s w el l a s the
    l a rg e b a n d o f k a iaf w ho e r ec t ed the s p ec i a l h ou se for the occ a s i on A
    ’
    .

    fa th e r p rep a r ed l on g in a dv a n c e fo r the p a ym en t fo r t a tt ooi n g Of his fi r st


    b o r n r a i si n g p i g s a n d p l an t i n g u te p a p e r m u lb e rry ( B r o s s on etiw pa pyr i
    , , ,
    -
    u

    fe m) fo r the m a k i n g O f t a p a a s g i ft s for b oth th e k a i oi a d th e tu hzm a


    ’
    , n .

    Pa ym en t a l s o t oo k the fo rm o f o r n am e n t s w a r c l u b s a n d m o r e r ec en t l y
    , , ,

    gu n s Lan gs d o r ff s ays th a t th ey p a i d fo r th e i r d eco r a t io n s a cco rd i n g to


    "

    the gr ea t e r o r l e s s q u a n t i t y O f th e m a n d to the t r o u bl e the fig u r es re


    ,

    q u i r e d th a t d u r i n g the th i rt y or fo rt y y ea r s w h en the b o d y w a s g on e o v e r
    a ga i n a n d a g a i n w i th th e t a tt oo i n g b on e s u n t il the s k i n w a s c om p l e t el
    y
    c ov e r e d the cos t b eca m e c on s i d e r a bl e ; a n d th a t s uc h a ll O v e r d ec o r a t i on
    ,
    -

    n ec es s a ri l y i n d i ca t e d a p e r s o n o f gr ea t w ea l th
    ( 10 p I z o) I t fol l o w s 1
    . .

    t hi r b r r th r fr b i bl i g r
    é
    ‘ '
    I h r ou gh out s pape th e n um e s in p a en es es e e to the o a p hy on
    p a ge 2
    4 B er n ic e P . B is hop M u s eu m — B u lletin

    t r ll y th a t i t a l s o a pp ea r ed on l y u p on p eop l e o f a dv a n ce d yea r s ( 6 p
    na u a , .

    1 30 ; 1 3 p 1 02 , a c i r c u m s t an c e w hi c h u n d o u b t e d l
    .
    y l ed to Ca pt a i n
    C h a n a l s con c l u s i on th a t the m a rk s ha d n o r e l a t i o n to a n yth i n g b u t a ge
    ’

    (II p III) , . .

    W h i l e the tu lm na w a s p a i d g en e rous l y fo r w o rk on a n opou the e l d est


    -
    ,

    son o f a w ea l th y m a n n o p a y m en t w as a s k e d o f the k ari oi a m o r e or


    '

    , ,

    l es s u n o rga n iz ed grou p o f youn g e r s on s a n d d a u ght e r s w ho t oo k s uc h ,

    p a rt in the pr e p a r a t i on s a s r a i d i n g fo r f oo d a n d b u il d i n g the s p ec i a l h ou se ,

    a n d w ho s li pp e d in to h a v e d es i n s p u n c t u r e d u p on th e m gr a t i s w h en the
    g
    opo u w a s r es t i n g o r r ec u p e r a t i n g fr om the e f fec t s O f the O p e r a t i on I t is .

    p e rh a p s th es e k a ioi to w h o m Mel v i ll e ( 1 2 p 49 ) r e fe r s in s p ea k i n g o f
    ’

    , .

    the co m mon f ell ow s w ho w e r e p ra c t i ce d o n L a n gs d o r ff w as a pp a r en t l y .

    u n a w a r e o f th i s c u s t o m fo r h e s a s th a t th o s e w ho co u l d n ot a f f o rd ta t
    y ,

    too in g w en t w i th ou t

    r r i l d r wh h v
    The p o o p r b d f h g t di p f i
    l iv hi fl y t h m l v p br d fr i t
    t e s an e s o a e no a su e a un a n ce o o s o s ose o n

    l x r u i es b u t
    p r t d by vi i
    bj t f pr t i
    u e c e e se es u on ea u a re o e a e u on no ce s n
    ,
    p ,

    th t wh t k t h m t
    e ar , v ry l w p r i
    o a e eTh l w t l
    a a e o ce a s su ec s or ac ce . e o es c ass
    o f ll tha fi h rm p r i i p ll y
    , e s ft t bl t
    e ff rd ven th p y r q i r d b y
    nc a , a re O en no a e o a o e en e a e u e
    a novi d t h r f r t t tt d t all ( p
    c e, a n a re e e o e no a oo e a . 1 0, .

    Wi th the l ow e r
    t i cea bl y l es s t a tt ooed th a n the h i gh e r the
    l
    c a ss es no ,

    con c l u s i on w a s O ft en dr a w n b y ea r l y v i s i t o r s th a t th i s f or m o f d ec o r a t i on

    po i n t e d o u t n o bl e o r d i s t i n g u i s h e d p e r s on s ( 8 p 1 5 5 a n d 1 3 p , .
    , .

    B er c hon w r i t i n g in 1 8 5 9 a v o w s th a t a ll c l a s s es w e r e t a tt ooe d a t th a t
    , ,

    t i m e b ut th a t f o r m e r l y i t w a s a s i gn o f n obil i t y a n d d i s t i n c t i on F ro m
    ,
    .

    w h a t is to b e g a th e re d t o d a y fr o m li vin g i n fo r m a n t s th i s is a m i scon ,

    c e ptio n in the m a i n b a se d o n the f a c t th a t w ea l th w a s in the h a n d s o f


    , ,

    c h i e f s a n d d i s t i n gu i s h e d m en .

    M e l v ill e ( 1 3 p 1 02 ) a t o n e t i m e a ss i g n s t a tt oo i n g to the w a rr i o r
    , .

    cla ss b u t p r ese n t i n f o rm a t i o n s t a t es th a t the u n t a tt oo e d a s w e l l a s the


    ,

    t a tt oo ed w en t to w a r T h a t w a rr i o r s a s w ell a s o th e r grou p s w o r e
    .
    , ,

    s p ec i a l d e s i g n s a s b a dg e s is s t a t e d b y m o d e r n i n fo rm a n t s a s tr u e in a

    fe w i n s t a n c e s a n d i s fr e q uen t l y s u gg es t ed b y the ea r l y v oy a ge r s to the


    ,

    M a rq u es a s S p i r a l s O v e r the eyes ( Pl v 7 ) a r e t od a y d esc r ib e d a s b e


    . .
    ,

    l on g i n g to a ll w a rr i o r s in a n c i en t t i m es w h il e S p i ra l s c a ll e d k ok outa o n ,

    c h e e k s a n d h i p s i n d i c a t e d c h i e f s a s d o the t i n y p in lik e m a rk s ( P l x x x v m ,
    .
    ,

    G d ) to b e s e en t o d a y on the i n s i d e o f the l e ft a n k l e
    . A ft e r a b a tt l e .

    th ese m a rk s a c co rd i g to the in for m a n ts w e re s ou ght for b y the pr i es t


    —
    n f
    —

    o f a v i c t o r i o u s a rm y o n th e a n k l e s o f the s l a i n to d e t e rm i n e w h eth e r a

    c h i e f ha d b een k ill e d a n d a gr ea t b a tt l e f ou ght B eyon d th es e d i s t i n gui s h .

    in g m a rk s l i v i n g i n fo rm a n t s m a k e n o m e n t i on o f the b a dg es d e sc r ib e d
    ,
    H a n dy — Ta tto oing in the M a r q u esas 5

    by ea r l y v i s i t o r s su c h a s the m a ta k omoe d i s t i n gu i s h i n g a h e ro ( 1 0 Pl
    ,
    -
    ,
    .

    VI I I fig 9 ; p x v ) the ma rk s O f h i gh bi rth pu t u p on the a rm s O f w o m en


    ,
    . .
    ,

    in f a m ili es o f c h i e f s ( 1 8 p 222 the t a tt ooe d r i ght h a n d a n d l e ft f o ot


    , .

    o f w o m en a s a s i g n o f w e d l oc k ( 1 3 p 22 1 M r L i n t on w a s t o l d
    , . .

    th a t on l y c h i e fs ha d th e i r f ee t t a tt ooe d ; b ut th i s is n ot b o r n e ou t in the "

    l a t e p ra c t i ce o f the a r t n or c o rr ob o r a t e d b y o th e r i n fo r m a n t s The c on .

    fu s i on pr ob a bl y a r i ses e i th e r fro m the d i s t i n gu i s h i n g c h i efl y m a rk s b e i n g


    u p o n the a n k l e o r fr om the c u s t o m o f t a tt oo i n g the b o d y O f the opou
    ,

    fr om the feet u p c o n t r a ry w i se to th a t o f the ka ioi


    ,
    -
    ’
    .

    The on l y d i s t i n g u i s h i n g f ea t u r e o f the t a tt oo i n g o f a k a i o i a s r e
    ’
    -
    ,

    p o rt e d t o d ay is the o rd e r in w h i c h the d es i gn s w e re p u t o n the fa ce


    , ,

    b e i n g d ec o ra t e d fir s t The r ea son a s s i g n e d b y a Pu a M a u i n f o rm a n t for


    .
    ’

    the c u s t o m O f b eg i n n i n g w i th the f ee t o f th e opo u w a s th a t the f a c e i f

    t a tt ooe d fi r s t w a s l i a bl e to b ec om e i n fec t ed a n d c a u s e a s t opp ag e o f the


    Op e r a t i o n I t is p o s s ibl e th a t the r e v e r s e o rd e r in the c a s e o f the k wi oi w a s
    ’
    .

    the r esu l t o f i n d i ff e r en c e a s to th e i r f o rt u n e s b u t i t is a l so p oss ibl e th a t ,

    th e r e w a s h e re a fu n d a m en t a l c l a s s d i s t i n c t i on T h e r e is n o p r oo f t o d ay .

    th a t the w o rk w a s n ot o f the s a m e p a tt e r n a s th a t O f the opon th ou gh ,

    M el v il l e th ou ght he d i s t i n g u i s h e d a d i ff e r en c e in the q u a l i t y o f the w o rk


    p ut u p on i n f e r i o r n a t i v es th e i r d es i gn s a pp ea r i n g to him li k e d au b s o f a
    “
    ,

    h ou se p a i n t e r s b r u s h ( 1 3 p
    -
    ’
    , .

    B er c ho n s a ys th a t t att o o i n g w a s a n Obli g a t i on r a th e r th a n a m a rk o f
    d i s t i n c t i on fo r w o m en th a t the r i ght h a n d m u s t b e t a tt oo e d b y the a ge
    ,

    o f t w e l v e s o th a t i t m i ght b e u s e d in m a k i n g popoi in m a k i n g pa k ok o ( the ,

    c i r c u l a r m o v em en t o f tw o fi n g e r s in t a k i n g u p popoi to ea t i t ) a n d in

    r u bbi n g d ea d b o d i es w i th cocon u t Oil ( I p 1 1 4 Na t i v es t o d a y s a y


    , .

    th a t a n u n t a tt ooe d h a n d c ou l d n ot m a k e pop oi n o r ea t i t fro m th e sa m e


    b ow l a s a t a tt ooe d h a n d th a t a t a tt ooe d ma n c ou l d n ot ea t w i th a w om a n a n d
    , ,

    th a t a m a n w i th a ll his d es i gn s fi n i s h e d cou l d n ot ea t w i th a m a n w h os e
    d es i gn s w e r e u n fi n i s h e d ; b u t a n y r ea s on for th es e r e qu i s i t es b eyon d th e i r
    b e i n g pr e tty is u n k n ow n Wom en w ou l d n ot m a rry u n t a tt ooe d m en
    “ ”
    .
    ,

    p rob a bly b eca u se the d ec o r a t i on r e pr esen t e d e i th e r w ea l th en d u r a n c e o f ,

    p a i n s t yl e o r a ll thr ee
    , , .

    A s p ec i a l e ffo rt w a s m a d e to fi n d s om e tr a c e O f b a n q u et i n g s oc i et i e s
    d i s t i n gu i s h e d b y m a rk s t a tt ooe d On the c h es t w h i c h K ru s en s t e r n La n g s , ,

    d o r ff a n d Mel v il l e d es c r ib e ( 8 p 1 59 1 60 ; I O p 1 2 1 1 22 ; 1 2 p 5 0
    ,
    2
    , .
    -
    , .
    -
    , .

    bu t no m e m o r y o f a n yt h i n g in the n a t u r e o f s u c h fr a t e r n a l o rd e r s s u pp o rt e d
    b y the c h i e f a n d t a tt oo e d gr a t i s is d i s c o v e r a bl e t o d a y W i t h B e r c ho n s c on .
    ’

    ”
    All f th d t i lo e e a i n fo rma t i on o f K rus en s tern a n d La n gs d or f c am e fro m tw o
    ed

    w hi t i l r l ivi g
    e sa o s n a mon g the n a t iv e s w hos e a cc ou n t s a re in ma n y i n s t a n ces n u
    ,

    m i t k bl y
    s a rr a e on e ous a n d e x a gg e ra t e d I t w o ul d n ot s u rp r i s e m e in the l ea s t if
    .
    6 B er nice P . B is hop M u s eu m —
    B u lletin

    l i
    e u s on th a t
    f a c t r ep o rt ed mu s t h a v e b ee n q u i t e e x c e pt i on a l w e m u s t
    the

    a gr ee . I t w a s cu s t o m a r y h o w e v e r d u r i n g f a m i n e t i m e s fo r p eo p l e to
    , , ,

    s eek t he s e rv i c e o f c h i e f s in o rd e r to b e fe d an d i t m a y h a v e b e en the ,

    w h i m o f s o m e c h i e f to h a v e a p a rt i cu l a r m a rk t a tt ooe d u p o n th e m b u t ,

    th i s w a s c e rt a i n l y n ot a ge n e ra l c u s t om I n d eed Me l v ill e r el a t e s the Ha n a.


    ,
    “

    e p i so d e a s a n e s p ec i a l a n d u n u s u a l c a s e ; a n d i t d oe s n o t s ee m
    ”
    m a n oo
    u n li k e l y th a t th e s a me s t o r y is a t the b a s i s o f b oth his a n d th e R u ss i a n s
    ’

    a c c ou n t s T h ey h a v e pr o b a bl y m i s i t e rpr et e d the o rd i n a ry c u s t om o f the


    . n

    f a th e r of the opou d u r i n g the p e r i o d o f t a tt oo i n g f ee d i n g the k a ioi w ho ’

    w e r e n o m o r e c l o s e l y o rg a n i z e d a s a s o c i e t y th a n is o u r o w n y ou g e r set
    “ ”
    n ,

    to w h o m th ey w e r e so m e w h a t a n a l o g o u s T h i s w ou l d fit too w i th the .
    , ,

    c u s t o m o f the tu h u n a s g i v i n g th e m sa m p l es o f th e i r a r t gr a t i s d u r i n g the
    ’

    r e s t p e r i od s o f the opo u .

    A ca r e f u l s ea rc h fo r a n y p o s s ibl e s i g n i fi c a n c e o f fa c e d es i g n s a s t r ib a l
    m a rk s c o rr o b o r a t i v e O f Po rt e r s s t a t e m e n t to th i s e ff ec t ( 1 4 p
    ’
    .
    , ,

    c a ll s f o rth t o d a y e x ce pt in o n e i n s t a n c e o l y v o c i f e r o u s r e f u t a t i on
    ,
    Ho w
    n ,
    .

    ev er ,th a t f a ce p a tt e r n s w e r e i n s u l a r d u r i n g a l a t e r p e r i o d o f the a rt is
    c e rt a i n the Obl i q u e pa lz e k e b e l on g i n g to Nu k u H i v a th e h o r i z o n t a l b a n d s
    , ,

    c a ll e d ti a ti a pu b e i n g w o rn b y H i v a O a n s a n d th e l a tt e r s v a r i a t
    ’
    the
    ’ ’

    ,
    n ,

    i lm epo w h o se c e n tr a l b a n d c ov e r s th e n os tr il s th e m s e l v es b e i n g pr e v a l e t
    , ,
    n

    o n Fa tu Hi v a La c a s s a g n e ( 9 p 79 ) q u o t e s Lo m b r oso a s d ec l a r i n g th a t
    .
    , .

    f a ce t a tt oo i n g on Nu k u H i v a d i s t i n gu i s h e d tw o en e m y f a c t i on s the o n e b e ,

    in g m a rk e d b y a tr i a n g l e the o th e r b y a c i r c l e ,
    T r i a n g l es a r e a s s oc i a t e d .

    w i th the t a tt oo i n g o f the i n h a bi t a n t s o f Ta i p i V a ll ey b y M el v ill e a n d B e r -

    c h on ,a n d th es e Ta i p i w e r e p o w e rf u l en e m i es o f th e tr ib es o f Ta i O H a e
    -

    V a ll e y Mo re th a n o n e pr esen t d a y i n f o r m a n t ha s s t a t e d th a t men O f a c e r
    .
    -

    t a i n t r ib e l i v i n g in Ta i O Ha e w e re m a rk e d w i t h a gr e a t bl a c k C i rc l e on the
    fa c e ( P l V .
    ,S ee i n g the tw o s t yl e s a d fi n d i n g th e m a ss o c i a t e d w i th tw o
    n

    e n em y f a c t i o n s i t m i ght b e n a t u ra l to co n c l u d e th a t fa ce d ec o r a t i on w a s
    ,

    to d i s t i n gu i s h e n e m i es ; b u t th i s i s th e o n e i n s t a n c e in w h i c h a tr ib a l

    s i g n i fi c a n c e is a s s i g n e d t o d a y to a f a c e d e s i g n .

    T h a t the o p e r a t i o n o f t a tt oo i n g w a s p e rfo r m e d d u r i n g pro p i t i ou s s ea


    so n s O r a t t i m es o f i m p o rt a n c e in the l i f e o f the i n d i v i d u a l to b e d e c o r a t e d

    ha s b ee n r e p o rt e d b y D es gr a z ( 1 8 p Li v i n g M a rq u es a s i f o rm a n t s
    , . n

    p l a c e its p r a c t i c e d u r i g the d y s ea s on w h en th e r e w a s n o b re a d fr u i t to
    n r

    b e h a rv e s t e d d u r i n g the m o n th s O f O c t o b e r Nov e m b e r D e ce m b e r a n d
    , , ,

    ea r l y J a u a ry n The w o m e n w h o s e t a tt o o i n g ma y s t ill b e e x a m i n e d p l a c e
    .
    , ,

    the b e g i n n i n g o f th e i r w o rk a t fro m s e v en to t w el v e y ea r s o f a ge ; th e

    M e l vi ll e m a d e up his s o t ry o f th e Ha n a ma n o o i
    ep so de af e tr ha vi n g r ea d La n g s
    d o r fl’ or Kr u se n s e n tr .
    H a n dy —
    Ta ttooi ng in the M ar q u es a s 7

    m en , fr o m fi ft een to t w en t y W i th i n th ese l i m i t s fa ll the m o r e o r l ess


    .

    d e fi n i t e s t a t e m e n t s O f su c h e a r l y w ri t e r s a s G a r c i a D e s gr a z a n d B er , ,

    c h on P o rt e r i n t e rpr et i n g the t i m e a s w h en th ey a r e a bl e to b ea r the


    “

    pa in . A ll i m p l y a n d K r u sen s t e r n ( 8 p 1 5 5 ) d efi n i t e l y s ta t es th a t
    —
    , .
    —

    the b eg i n n i n g o f the o p e r a t i o n w as c on n ec t e d w i th th e p e r i o d o f a d o l es
    c en c e . B erc hon I p 1 1 3 ) t el l s u s th a t pr e gn a n c y w o u l d h i n d e r the
    , .

    s u c c ess o f th e w o r k a n d th a t i t w a s n e v e r u n d e rt a k en fo r a w o m a n w h e
    ‘

    s he w a s in th a t co n d i t i on fr o m w h i c h w e m a y a ga i n i n f e r th a t the c om i n g
    ,

    o f p u b e rt y w a s the t i m e fo r s t a rt i n g the b o d il y d e c o r a t i on T h e r e s e em s .

    a t th e p r e s en t t i m e to b e n o d e fi n i t e c o n n ec t i o n in the m i n d o f the M a r

    q u es a n b e t w een the tw o a n d the f a c t th a t t a tt oo i n g w a s p r a c t i c e d d u r i g


    ,
    n

    the gro w i n g o r m a t u r i n g s ea so n o f th e l a n d j u s t b e f o r e h a rv e s t t i m e —

    s eem s a l s o to h a v e n o s i gn i fi c a n c e a t pr es en t H o w e v e r the c e l eb ra t i o n s .
    ,

    a s soc i a t e d w i th the h a rv e s t a n d w i th th e c o m p l e t i o n o f the t a tt oo i n g o f th e

    a d o l esc e t y ou th o f the l a n d w e r e u n i t e d in a gr ea t k o i n a o r f ea s t
    ’
    n It .

    m a y b e r e m a rk e d too th a t th e r e is a t pr ese n t n o i n d i c a t i o n th a t i m p o rt a n t
    , ,

    t i me s in the li f e o f the i n d i v i d u a l o th e r th a n a d o l esc en ce w e r e the oc , ,

    c a s i o n s fo r t a tt o o i n g a l th ou gh La n gs d o r ff in a d es c r i pt i o n o f the e n a ta
    , ,

    d e s i gn s a y s th a t i t w a s pu t on w h en a n en em y ha d b een k ill e d o r ea t en
    ,

    ( 1 0 p XV )
    , . .

    A s ha s b ee n s t a t e d pr e p a r a t i o n s fo r the t a tt o o i n g o f a n opou b e g a n
    ,

    w i th the r a i s i n g o f p i g s a n d p l a n t i n g o f te fo r g i ft s a n d p a ym en t fo r a

    In hu ma a n d k a i oi S e v e r a l d a y s b e f o r e the b eg i n n i n g o f the o p e r a t i on
    ‘

    ,
    .

    the f a th e r a n n ou n c e d th a t the o ho a u ti ki o r s p ec i a l h ou s e fo r the oc ca s i o n


    ’
    r .
    ,

    w a s to b e b u il t A b ou t on e o c l oc k on the m o r n i n g on w h i c h the e r ec t i on
    ’
    .

    o f th i s s tr u c t u r e w a s to t a k e p l a c e tw o gr ea t dr u m s ( pa lm ) a n d tw o s m a ll,

    on es ( hu tu) w e r e b ea t en on the p u bli c f es t i v a l p l a c e to d ec l a r e the b e ,

    gi n n i n g o f the ta pa a n d to s u m m o n the k a i oi T h es e u s u a ll y from ’


    .
    ,

    fo rt y to e i ght y in n u m b e r i mm ed i a t el y g a th e r e d a t the f es t i v a l p l a ce a n d
    ,

    t o geth e r p roc e ed e d u n d e r d i r ec t i on o f the tu hu n a to r a i d the p l ac e o f


    , ,

    the opo u s f a th e r T h ey d e m o l i s h e d his h ou ses a n d th os e o f his r el a t i v es


    ’
    .
    ,

    w i t h the e x c ept i on o f the s l e e p i n g h o u s e s ; th ey s e iz e d n ot o n l y m a t e r i a l


    fo r the b u il d i n g o f the oho a u b u t th a t fo r m a k i n g t a p a o r the t a p a
    ’

    , ,

    i t s e l f in th e ev en t o f its a l r ea d y h a v i g b een m a d e En ou gh p i g s a n d n .

    o th e r fo o d s u ffi c i e n t to l a s t fo r th e e n t i r e p e r i od o f th e O pe r a t i o n
    , its ,

    l en gth d ep en d i n g u p on the s i c k e ss o f the opou w e re t a k en for the f eed n ,

    in g o f the k a i oi ti t/tu n a a n d a ll th o s e w ho w e r e to s t a y in the o ho a u


    ’ ’
    , , .

    No t o n l y w a s the f a th e r o f the opou the v i c t i m o f th i s fa o o r s e iz u r e o f


    foo d b u t a l so his fa th e r s s i s t e r s a n d e v en o th e r r el a t i v es o f the f a th e r a n d
    ,
    ’

    mo th e r i f the d u r a t i o n o f the o p e r a t i o n w a s e x t en d e d ; a n d i t w a s th ese


    ,

    r e l a t i v es w ho c ook ed the f oo d d u r i n g the en t i r e t i m e .


    8 B er n ice P . B is hop M us eu m —
    B ul letin

    The oho a u t ogeth e r w i th a s l e ep i n g h ou s e a n d a c oo k h ou se


    ’
    tiki, ,

    w h i c h w e r e p l a ce d o n a s t on e pa epa e n ea r a m e a e ( sa c r e d p l a ce ) o r a
    ’

    to h u a ( p u bl i c p l a ce ) w a s e rec t e d for the fi r s t b o r n o r a do pt e d b oy


    ,
    —

    ( ma ta hia po) oth e r s on s u sua ll y b e i n g kafia i a n d a c h i ev i n g th e i r t a tt oo i n g


    ,

    p i ecem ea l a n d gra t i s in the oho a u o f the opoh T h i s h ous e w h i c h b e ’


    .
    ,

    l on g e d w i th a ll its a pp u rt en a n c es to the opou a n d n ot to the k o fo i w ho ’

    b u il t it a l th ou gh th ey s l ept in i t d u r i n g the p e r i o d o f the o p e r a t i on w a s


    — —

    ca r e fu l l y b u il t th ou gh i t w a s l a s h e d w i th the co a r se s tr i p s o f h ibi scu s b a rk


    ,

    r a th e r th a n w i th the fi n el y b r a i d ed pu u k a ha or c ocon u t fi b e r c o rd u sua l ’

    in o th e r d w e lli n g s M el v ill e m i ght s eem to s u gg es t a d i ffe r en t c us to m


    .

    in H i v a O a fr o m th a t o f Nu k u H i v a in the d es c r i pt i on o f the ta ttoo in g s b e


    ’

    in g p e rf o rm e d in l a rg e h ous e s b el on g i n g to the ta h m a th e m s el v es ( 1 2 i ,

    p 48 49 ) b u t a ll m o d e r n r eco ll ec t i on in H i v a 0 a is o f the s i m il a r cu s t o m
    .
    -

    o f b u il d i n g th e s p ec i a l o ho a w for th e opou I t m a y b e s a i d in p a s s i n g
    ’
    .

    th a t n ei th e r Me l v ill e s d esc r i pt i on s o f the s p ac i ous h ou s es o f the tu hu na


    ’

    w i t h th e i r n u m e r ou s s m a ll a p a rtm en t s s e t a p a rt b y s c r een s o f t a p a fo r
    pr i v a t e p a t i e n t s a n d o f the s m a ll t en t s o f co a r se t a p a e r ec t e d by i t i n e r an t
    tu hu n a fo r p a t i e n t s a t the t i m es o f r eli g i ou s f e s t i v a l s n o r La n gs d o r ff s
    ’

    a c cou n t o f the o p e r a t i o n for p e r s on s in m i dd li n g s t a t i on b e i n g p e rf o rm e d

    in h o us es e r ec t e d fo r the p u rp os e b y the t a tt oo e r s a n d t a b ooe d b y a u th o r i t y


    ( 10 p , . a r e c o rr ob o r a t e d in th e i n f o r m a t i on g a th e r e d l a s t y ea r i n

    the M a rq ue s a s The Ru ss i a n say s f u rth e r th a t the w o m e n w e r e n ot l i k e


    .
    ,

    the m en s h u t u p in a
    , t a b ooe d h ou se d u r i n g the o p e r a t i on b u t th a t ,

    i t w a s p e rfo r m e d w i th ou t c e r em on y in th e i r o w n h ou s e s or in th os e o f
    r el a t i v es T h i s is c o rro b o r a t e d t od a y p a rt i cu l a r l y on Nu k u H i v a ; th ou gh
    .
    ,

    s o m e t i m es w e a r e t o l d a s m a l l h ou s e c a l l ed the fa e po a ( po a coc on u t
    ’ ’ ’
    , , ,

    th a t c h i n g) w a s b u il t a l on gs i d e the f a m il y d w el l i n g for the t a tt oo i n g o f a


    gi r l a n d in i t l i v e d the w h ol e f a m il y d u r i n g the e n t i r e p e r i o d o f the
    o p e ra t i o n the m a i n h o u s e b e i n g ta pa th o ugh the fa e po a w a s n ot ’ ’

    , ,
    .

    The o ho a u tik i i t s e l f w h i c h w e m u s t t a k e a s the u s u a l s cen e o f the


    ’

    , ,

    o p e r a t i on w a s v e ry ta pa to o u t s i d e r s
    ,
    T h o s e w ho e n t e r e d i t c o u l d h a v e .

    n o th i n g to d o w i th w o m en w ho w e r e s p ok en o f a t th i s t i m e a s w hi n e
    ,

    pu a tea ( pu urea a k i n d o f tr ee w i th s o ft w oo d ) I n d ee d th ese m en m u s t


    ’ ’
    .
    ,

    h i d e i f a w om a n w e r e e v en s i ght e d a t a d i s t a n c e a n d i t w a s n eces sa ry for ,

    th em to c oo k fo r th e m s el v es The m en w ho h el d the l egs a n d a rm s o f .

    the opo u a n d w ho f a n n e d fl i e s d u r i n g the w o rk


    ,
    w e r e es pec i a ll y tapu ,

    a n d ha d to b e s e rv ed w i t h s p ec i a l f o o d T h e r e s ee m s to h a v e b een n o .

    re gu l a r f oo d ta pa fo r the p a t i en t s d u r i n g the p e r i od o f the op e r a t i on ,

    th ou gh a c co rd i n g to ea r l y v i s i t o rs th e r e w e r e d i et a ry re s tr i c t i on s a p,

    p a t en t l y fo r the s a k e o f h ea l th G a rc i a s ay s the p a t i en t s w e r e fo r bi dd en
    .

    fo r s ev e r a l d ays to t a k e ce rt a i n k i n d s o f n ou r i s h men t s uc h a s p i g a n d ,
    Ha n dy — Ta ttooi n g in the M a r q ues a s 9

    k a v a a n d Me l v ill e s p ea k s o f the sma ll p o rt i o n s o f foo d th a t w e r e p u s h e d


    ,

    u n d e r the c u rt a i n b y un seen h a n d s to th e ta pu p a t i en t s w i th i n the a p a r t

    m en t s the r e s tr i c t i on in foo d b e i n g i n t en d e d to re d u c e the bl oo d a n d so


    ,

    d i m i n i s h i fl a mm a t i on ; La n gs d o r ff r e p o rt s th a t the p a t i en t m u s t dr i n k v e ry
    n

    l i tt l e for f ea r o f i n fl a m m a t i o n a n d m u s t n ot ea t ea r l y in the m o r n i n g
    , .

    The w o rk w a s p e rf o r m e d b y ta hu n a pa tu tiki ( pa tu to m a rk o r s tr i k e ; ,

    tiki d es i g n s ) a rt i s t s ev i d e n t l y tr a i e d in the s c h o o l o f e x p e r i e n c e s o m e o f
    , , ,
    n ,

    th e m c om i n g to en j oy gr ea t v ogu e on m o r e th a n on e i s l a n d A l th ou gh .

    G a rc i a s t a t es th a t the ofli c e w a s h e r e d i t a ry ea c h gr ea t f a m il y h a v i n g its ,

    fa m il y o f t a tt ooe rs t ra i n e d fr om gen e ra t i on to gen e r a t i on for its u s e ,

    n o th i n g o f the so rt c a n b e tr a ce d t o d a y A c co rd i n g to m od e r n i n f o r m an t s
    .
    ,

    s k ill a l on e w a s q u a li fi c a t i o n fo r pr a c t i ce a n d r e q u i s i t e fo r p a t r o n a ge .

    La n gs d o r fi t e ll s o f n o v i c es w ho fo r p r a c t i c e o p e r a t e d u p o n p oo r p eo p l e
    ’
    , ,

    a t v e r y s m a ll c h a rg e a n d M el v il l e r e p o rt s e v en th e h i r i n g o f v il e fel “
    ,

    lo w s a s m o d e l s on w h om th ey c ou l d p r a c t i c e
    ”
    .

    A ll presen t d a y i n fo rm a t i on d en i es M el v il l e s s t a t em en t th a t th e r e w e r e
    -
    ’

    o rd e r s o f t a tt o o i g a rt i s t s
    n I t is m o r e l i k e l y th a t th e r e w e r e i t i n e r a n t
    .

    m e m b e r s o f the p r o fes s i on a s he s t a t es A ll s eem to h a v e pr a c t i ce d q u i t e


    , .

    i n d e p en d en t l y a l th ou gh th e r e w a s p rob a bl y the k i n d o f b on d b e t w een th em


    ,

    th a t fo ll ow e r s of a n y p r o f es s i on f eel It is s a i d in U a Po u th a t th e r e w e r e
    .

    d i ffe r en t tu hu n a fo r m en a n d w om en b eca us e o f the r u l e o f ta pu w h i c h


    a sc r ib e d to m en gr e a t e r s a c r e d n ess th a n to w o m en b u t th i s w a s n ot tr u e ,

    d u r i n g the l a tt e r d a ys o f the a r t No w o m a n tu k u n a w a s e v e r h ea rd o f
    . .

    T h e r e w e r e ev i d en t l y c on t e s t s b et w een tu k u na tw o or thr ee wo rk i n g a t ,

    the s a m e t i m e in a n oh o a u a tt empt i n g to e x c e l o n e a n o th e r in r a p i d i t y o f
    ’

    e x ecu t i o n a n d d e l i c a c y o f d es i g n s I n the li ght o f k n o w l e dge a b ou t the


    .

    a n c i e n t n a t i v e t r a i n i n g in o th e r a rt i s t i c li n es i t is p os s ibl e to h a z a r d the ,

    g u es s th a t to b e a c c ept e d a t a l l a s a tu hu ua a th o ro u gh a c qu a i n t a n c e w i th ,

    a l l the c o n v en t i o n a l u n i t s o f the a r t w a s r e q u i s i t e ; for a l th o u gh i n d i v i d u a l ,

    tu k u n a c e rt a i n l y v a r i e d a n d e l a b o r a t e d d e s i gn s a t w ill y e t th ey d i d no t ,

    s tr a y fr o m the b a s i c u n i t s .

    A tu k u a w a s a i d e d in his w o rk b y fo u r o r fi v e a s s i s t a n t s c a ll e d oufa
    n

    ( or k ou a t r a n s l a t e d b y Dor d il lon p u p il d i sc i p l e m ea n i n g a l so s hr i m p )
    ’
    — —
    , , .

    H e w a s co n su l t e d a s to the c h o i c e o f d es i gn s h is d e c i s i on a pp a r en t l y b e ,

    i n g u su a ll y a c c e pt e d a l th ou gh the opa
    , w a s fr e e to se l ec t his p a tt e r n s
    u .

    He ou t l i n e d the d es i gn s u p o n the b o d y w i th a p i ec e o f c h a r co a l B ut i t .

    w a s the ou a w ho h el d the a rm s a n d l e g s o f the p a t i e n t w ho s tr et c h e d the


    ’

    s k i n to m a k e a s m oo th su rf a c e u p on w h i c h to w o rk w ho f a n n e d the ,

    fl i e s fr o m the bl eed i n g w ou n d s a n d w ho o ft en i t is r ep o rt ed fi ll e d in the


    , , ,

    o u t l i n e d d es i gn s .
    10 B er n ice P . B is hop M us eu m — B ul letin

    B e f o re the co m i n g o f the tuhu n a the f a th e r o f the opo n ha d p re ,

    p a r e d the p i g m en t ( hum) The pr e p a r a t i on o f th i s w a s a v e ry ta pu .

    O p e ra t i o n the m a n m a k i n g i t b e i n g f o r bi d d e n a l l r e l a t i o n s h i p w i th w o m e n
    ,

    d u r i n g the p e r i o d ; a n d a cc o rd i n g to Le s s o n ( 1 p 1 07 , i t was , .

    n ec e s sa r y fo r a v i rg i n to a id h i m in th e w o rk The S h e ll s o f the a ma n u t .

    ( A leu ites tr iloba ) w e re h ea t e d s o a s to o p e n ea s il y ( 7 p


    r a n d the , .

    k er n el s p l a ce d o v e r a fi re in a k i n d o f p oc k et o f s t on e s w h i c h a ll o w ed
    the s m o k e to a sc en d thr o u gh a s m a l l p a s s a g ew a y in o rd e r to c o ll ec t o n a
    s m o oth s t on e ( pa e hin u ) Up on th i s s t o n e a c o n s t a n t t a pp i n g w a s k e pt
    ’
    .

    u p w h i l e the s oo t c o ll e c t e d to the d e pth o f a b o u t a n i n c h T h i s pr oc es s .


    ,

    a c co r d i n g to B e t c h ou w a s ca ll e d a ma hi a m a The s oo t c o v e r e d pa e Inn u
    ’
    -
    -
    r
    , .

    w a s th e n p l a c e d on a b a n a n a l ea f a n d l e ft i n the s u n to d ry b e i n g k e pt ,

    th u s u n t il the tuh u n a a rr i v e d fo r his w o rk T h er eu p on the f a th e r a c .


    , ,

    c o rd i n g to p r es e n t d a
    y i n f o rm a t i o n m i x e d the s o ot w i th p l a i n w a t e r in
    -
    ,

    a s m a ll c oco n u t s h el l ( ipu hin u) a n d g a v e i t to the a rt i s t M a rc h a n d .

    La n gs d or ff a n d Po rt e r a gr ee u p on w a t e r a s the s ol v en t ; b u t B e r c ho n
    ,

    f u rth e r r epo rt s th a t the in k w h i c h he c a ll s koohi w a s m a d e b y m ix i n g the


    , ,

    s o o t w i th c oc o n u t o il ; w h il e M el v ill e ( 1 3 p 246 ) g i v es v e get a bl e j u i c e , .

    a s th e l i q u i d H e a n d La n gs d o r ff d es c r ib e the u s e o f the a s h es r a th e r
    .
    ,

    th a n the s oo t o f th i s n u t k e r n e l a n d P o rt e r th ou ght b u r n t a n d p ow d e r e d
    , ,

    coc o nu t s h e l l w a s u s ed b u t a pp a r en t l y n o o th e r p i g m en t s a v e c a r b o n w a s
    ,

    e v e r e m p l oye d in the M a rq u es a s a s a ll e a r l y v o y a g e r s r e m a rk o n l y the ,

    d a rk bl u e o r bl a c k i s h co l o r i n g ( S ee 1 5 p 1 6 ; 1 4 p 78 ; 1 0 p 1 1 8 ; .
    , .
    , .
    , .

    8 p 155 ; 13 p
    , . J a rd i n ( 7 ) s p ea k s O f c a r bo n izi n g a n d p u l v e r iz i n g the
    , .

    k e r n e l s o f the a rn a a n d m i xi n g the p o w d e r w i th w a t e r to t ra ce the d e


    s i g n s o n the b o d y a n d i t m a y b e th a t the r es i d u e o f the b u r n t n u t s w a s
    ,

    s o u s ed .

    Wh en the tuk a n a a rr i v e d b r i n g i n g his i n s tr u m en t s in a b a m b oo ca s e


    r
    ,

    se v e n o r e i ght i n c h es l o n g ( u k o/z e fa n h in u) s t o pp e r e d w i th a w a d o f
    p ,

    t a p a he S pr ea d th em o u t u p o n a p i e c e o f t a p a on the gr ou n d r ea d y for
    , ,

    use . The i n s tr u m e n t is g en e r a ll y k n o w n a s ta ( to s tr i k e ) b u t B e r c ho n ,

    ( 1 p 1 1 0 ) g i v es the f o llo w i n g n om en c l a t u r e for its v a r i ou s p a rt s : Ia a


    ’

    , .

    ( a p o i n t ) fo r the t o o th ed en d ka ka ho ( ree d or c a n e ) fo r th e h o r iz on t a l ,

    su pp o rt o f the t ee th a n d ta tik i ( s tr i k e tilei ) fo r t he b a t o n ( B e r c ho n


    ,
    -
    p -
    ,
    .

    T h e r e w a s a l w a ys a n a s s o rtm en t o f th ese t o oth e d en d s o f v a ry i n g


    fi n en ess o r c o a r sen ess a ppr opr i a t e fo r a ll gr a d es o f w o rk fro m the d e li ca t e
    h a i r l i n es to s o li d p a t c h es The fla t i n s tr u m en t s fo r s tr a i ght l i n es a n d
    .

    gra d u a l c u rv e s w e re o f h u ma n b o n e s om e t i m es o f the bo n es o f e n e my ,

    sa c r i fi c e s ( iv i hea n a ) T h ey w e r e a b ou t thr ee i n c h es l o n g fla t a n d
    .
    ,

    s li ght l y w e dg e s h a p e d a n d t oo th e d o r c o m bli k e a t the e n d


    -
    , I n s tr u m e n t s .

    fo r the s m a ll e r c u rv es w e r e o f the b o n e s o f the k e n a ( S u la pi s ca tr ix ) ,


    Ha ndy —
    Ta ttooin g in the M ar q ues a s 11

    or o f a bi rd on the s m a ll i s l a n d o f F a tu Uk u the l eg b on e s h a v i n g
    ta pu ,

    b een u s e d ( a t l e a s t th ey a r e u se d for the i n s t r u m en t s seen t o d a y ) a n d ,

    a c c o r d i n g to La n gs d or ff w i n g b o n es a l s o M a r c h a n d d es c r ib e s th es e to a s
    ,
    .

    s om e t i m es o f t o rt o i s e s h e ll ; B e r c ho n a d d s o f fi s h b o n e ; a n d M e l v ill e m en
    -
    ,

    t i o n s S h a rk s t eeth : b u t n o tra c e o f c om b s o th e r th a n o f h u m a n o r bi rd
    ’

    b on e r em a i n s t o d a y The n u m b e r o f t eeth v a r i e d fro m thr e e to a b ou t


    ~
    .

    t w en t y M e l v il l e s a w s om e w i th a s i n g l e fi n e p o i n t a c c o rd i n g to the s iz e
    — —

    a n d u se o f th e i n s tr u m e n t M el v ill e s a ys th a t s o m e ha d p o i n t s d i s p os e d
    .

    in s ma ll fig u r e s s o th a t the w h o l e d es i g n w a s pr i n t e d a t a s i n g l e bl o w
    ,
    .

    T h e se b o n e c om b s w e r e i n s e rt e d i n t o a s li t in a p i ec e o f r ee d s t a l k ,

    ba m b oo ( 1 0 p o r i ro n w oo d ( 1 1
    , . p 1 10 ; 1 p s ix o r s e v e n , .
    , .

    i n c h es l on g w h i c h a c t ed a s a h o r iz on t a l h a n d l e ( s e e h ow ev e r 1 2 p 5 1
    , , , , .
    ,

    n ot e ) h e l d w h il e in u s e in the l e ft h a n d o f the ta hu n a T h i s w a s a s
    , , ,
    .
    ,

    fa r a s cou l d b e a s c e rt a i n e d t o d a y s tr a i ght th o u gh M e l v ill e s p e a k s o f , ,

    c u rv e d o n es The b a t o n a b o u t thr ee q u a rt e r s o f a n i n c h th i c k a n d fr om
    .
    ,

    a f o o t to e i ght e en i n c h e s l o n g w a s o f h ibi s c u s w o o d ,
    .

    A l th o u gh e v e ry th i n g c on n ec t e d w i th the Op e r a t io n i t s e l f w a s e xtr em e l y
    ta pu t a tt o oe r s in g en e r a l in Nu k u H i v a a t l e a s t b e i n g u n d e r the a u s p i c e s
    , , ,

    o f the go d H a ma ta k ee T a hu b e i n g the god o f the tu k u n a a n d the


    k o foi Pu p u k e o f the o u a yet th e r e a r e n o r eco rd s o f O p e n i n g c e r e m on i e s
    ’ ’
    .
    , ,

    The p a t i en t c l a d o n l y in a g i rd l e w a s s i m p l y l a i d u p on the fl oo r a r m s a n d
    , , ,

    l eg s h e l d b y f ou r ou a Wh en a d es i g n ha d b een s k e t c h ed in c h a r c oa l
    ’
    .

    u p o n the b o d
    y the tu hu n a or a n a s s i s t a n t h el d in hi s l e ft h a n d the
    , , ,

    t ooth e d h a m m e r a n d a p i ec e o f t a p a w i th w h i c h b y a d e xt r ou s t w i s t o f ,

    th i s h a n d he w i p e d a w a y the bl oo d a s i t fl o w e d fr om the p u n c t u r es m a d e
    in the s k i n b y the g en t l e t a pp i n g o n the top o f the c o m b w i th the b a t o n
    h e l d in the r i ght h a n d As he w o rk e d he k ept a suffi c i en t su pp l y o f p i g
    .
    ,

    m en t u p on the t ee th b y d i pp i n g tw o fi n g e r s o f h is r i ght h a n d i n t o the


    in k a n d r u bbi n g th e m u p o n the c o m b G a rc i a M a rc h a n d a n d B erchon .
    , ,

    a gr e e w i th th i s p r oc ed u r e ; b u t La n s d o r f f a n d K r u s en s t e r n d ec l a r e th a t
    g
    th e p u n c t u r e s w e r e m a d e in the s k i n u n t il the bl oo d o o z e d ou t a n d th e n

    the d y e w a s r u bb e d in Wh i l e the t a pp i n g w en t on the o p e ra t o r c h a n t e d


    .
    ,

    in rh yt h m to his s tr ok e s the f o ll o w i n g w o rd s to a ll a y the p a i n o f the


    o po u :

    Ua t kiu -
    e, u a t ki
    u -
    e, n a t kiu -
    e, I t is s tr u ck , it is r
    s t uc k , it is s tr uc k ,
    Ua t kiu -
    a, to t ik i -
    e, I t is r d ig
    s tr uc k , yo u es n,
    Po p a ra ra to i k i e ,
    a
    t -
    T p t p p i g y r d ig
    a -
    a n ou es n,

    t
    0 te u ma n e o te k u i a -
    , Th br t h r f th m t h r
    e o e o e o e ,

    0 te tue hin e o te k u i a , -
    Th i t r f th m t h r
    e s s e o e o e ,

    To u ik i e
    ’
    t -
    . M y d e s ig n .

    3
    Po p a ra r a is on oma o p o e t ti c , the so u n d of t a pp n i g .
    12 B er n ic e P . B is hop M us eum —
    B u lletin

    Ch a n t s fo r w om en d o n ot s ee m to b e g en e r a l At s om e t i m e d u r i n g the .

    o p e r a t i o n the opon w a s g i v en a n e w n a m e r e f e rr e d to a s pa l i k i
    ,
    Th i s was ,
    .

    t a k en fro m s om e p e rs on a l d e f ec t o f his o w n s u c h a s a bl i n d eye for e x a m p l e , , ,

    o r fr o m s o m e i m a g i n a r y p e c u l i a r i t y o f th e g e n i t a l o rg a n s o f h is f a th e r o r

    m o th e r .

    The op e r a t i on a s ma y b e i m a g i n e d w a s e xt r em e l y p a i f u l a n d the
    , ,
    n

    p a t i en t c r i ed a n d s c r ea m ed w i tho u t r e s t ra i n t B er c hon n ot es th a t a ft e r .

    eac h s i tt i n g th e r e w e r e fr om e i ght to t w el v e d a ys o f l oc a l i n fl a m ma t i on
    , ,

    f o ll ow ed b y f ev e r a n d som et i m es s w ell i n gs w h i c h w e r e at t i m es fa t a l ,
    .

    Li ght i n fl a m m a t i on a n d s w e lli n g a n d u l c e r s l a s t i n g fo r s e v e r a l d a ys ( 6 p 1 3 2 ; , .

    11 p ,
    1 10 ; 10 p
    . 1 1 8 ) s ee m to h a v e b een u su a ll y the m o s t s e r i o u s r e s u l t s
    , .

    o f the r i g o r ou s t r e a t m en t The j u i c e o f the b a n a n a s t em w a s u s e d a s


    .

    an o i n t men t ( pa l m) to h a s t en h ea li n g B erc ho n s a y s a em o lli en t o f . n

    h ibi scu s l ea v es w a s a pp l i e d to r el i e v e the i n fl a mm a t i on .

    The d u r a t i on o f the o p e r a t i o n d e p en d e d l a rg e l y u p on the f o rt i t u d e


    a n d h ea l th o f the p a t i e n t A Nu k u H i v a ma n is r ep o rt ed to h a v e b een
    .

    c om p l et e l y c o v e r e d in thr e e d a y s ; the l eg s a n d b a c k o f on e m a n o f H a n a

    m e n u w e r e d on e in sev e n d a y s ; b u t a s a r u l e the d e s i g s w e r e p u t o n n

    in m o r e l e i su r el y f a s h i o n a s ec t i on o f the b o d y b e i n g c o v e r e d a t a s i tt i n g
    , ,

    w i th th r ee d a y r es t p e r i o d s c a ll e d d a y s o f bl oo d ( a to to) a ft e r e a c h s o
    -
    ,

    th a t the o p e r a t i on c o v e r e d fr o m tw o w ee k s to fou r m on th s Un d e r suc h .

    con d i t i o n s a w o m a n s l i p s a n d s h o u l d e r m i ght b e d ec o r a t e d in a d a y
    ’
    a ,

    m a n s l eg s fr om k n e es to a n k l e s or p e rh a p s his th i gh s a n d b u tt oc k s
    ’
    .
    ,

    La n gs d o r ff s a y s th a t the fir s t S i tt i n g u s u a ll y l a s t e d fr o m thr ee to f o u r
    w e e k s a n d th a t on l y th e gr o u n d w o rk o f the p r i n c i p a l fig u r es u p on the
    b r ea s t a rm s b a c k a n d th i gh s w a s l a i d the fir s t yea r a dd i t i on s h o w ev e r
    , , , , , , ,

    b e i n g m a d e fo r yea r s a t i n t e rv a l s of fr om th r e e to s ix m on th s .

    A ft e r the o p e r a t i on fr u i t s o f n o n i ( M or in d a citr ofolia ) the m os t u su a l


    ,
    .

    h ea li n g a g en t w e r e o fl ere d a t the rh e a e o r s ac r e d p l a c e ; the tu h na w a s


    ,
    ’
    u
    '

    p a i d ; a n d w h en the ta pu w a s l i ft e d th e s a c r ed oho a u tik i w a s b u r n ed


    , ,
    ’

    ( th ou gh n ot the c omm on h ou s e o f w om en ) ; a n d a l l th os e p a rt i c i p a t i n g in
    the op e r a t i o n w ho ha d n ot b een a ll ow e d to b a th e d u r i n g the e n t i r e t i m e
    , ,

    n o w w e n t fir s t to the s e a to b a th e a ft e r w a rd s to th e r i v e r T h i s ac
    , .

    c o mp li s h ed th ey c o v e r e d th e m s e l v es w i th fr a gr a n t o i n t m en t
    , w h i c h t u r n ed ,

    the s k i n y e l l o w s o th a t th e i r n ew p a tt e r n s s h o w e d b r ill i a n t l y M ea n w h il e .
    ,

    r e l a t i v es ha d pr ep a r e d s uc h o r n a m en t s a s t o rt oi s e s h ell c r o w n s g i rd l es -
    ,

    o f ta pa f e a th e r h ea d o r n a m en t s ea rr i n g s a n d the li k e T h es e th ey l e ft
    , , , .

    ou t s i d e th e i r h o u s e s o n the n i ght b e f o r e th e f es t i v a l ( K o i n a tu hi tiki ;


    ’

    K o in a f ea s t ; t hi s h o w ; tik i d e s i gn ) w h i c h w a s a l w a y s g i v en to c e l e
    '

    ,
    u , , ,

    b ra t e the c omp l et i o n o f the w o rk a n d the n ew l y d e c o r a t ed g i r l s a n d ,

    b oy s do n n e d th em b e fo r e th e i r a pp ea r a n c e o n the p a v e d fl oo r o f the
    H a n dy — Ta tto oi n g in the M ar q ues as

    fes t i v a l p l a c e w h e r e a d m i r i n g fr i en d s a n d r e l a t i v es w e re ga th e r e d to v i ew
    th em T h e r e tw o l a rg e dr u m s ( pa hu ou aou a ) a n d th r ee sm a ll o n es
    .
    ,

    ( tu tu ) w e r e b ea t en the o pou m a r c h i n g w i th the k a i oi a r ou n d the p a v e d


    ’

    a r e a to s h o w his d e s i gn s Wh il e tw o m en a n d tw o w o m en d a n c e d the
    .
    ,

    Iz a ioi a cco m p a n i e d th e m w i th h a n d c l a pp i g a n d th e c h a n t i n g o f a p tu
    ’
    n u

    o r s p ec i a l c h a n t fo r the o k a a u pa tu tik i I n a n u n p u bl i s h e d m a n u sc r i pt
    ’
    . .

    Do r d ill on a n d Pé r e P i e rr e s t a t e th a t a t th i s f ea s t a h u ma n v i c t i m w a s
    sa c r i fi c e d a n d ea t en W h e n a m a n g a v e a f ea s t i n c e l e b r a t i o n O f h i s w i f e s
    .
    ’

    a c q u i s i t i o n o f a bi t o f t a tt oo i n g a s La gs d o r f ,f r e p o rt s w a s s o m et i m es d on e
    n

    ( 10 p S he w a s a ll o w e d to ea t h o g s fl es h a s a v e r
    y s p ec i a l pr i v il eg e
    ’
    , . .

    THE D ES I G N

    An y tt em pt t o d a y to m a k e a fi r st h a n d s t u d y o f t a tt o o i n g d e s i gn m u s t
    a -

    b e b a s e d u p o n the e x a m i n a t i o n o f n ot m o r e th a n a h u d r e d a n d t w e n t y n

    hve p e r s on s w ho a r e the o l y l i v i n g e x a m p l es o f the pr a c t i c e a n d w h o s e


    n

    d es i gn s r e pr esen t fo r the m os t p a rt a l a t e d e v e l o p men t o f the a r t a d ,


    n

    u p o n th e i r e x p l a n a t i o n s a n d d esc r i pt i o n s a n d th o s e o f the s i n g l e su rv i v i n g
    ,

    p r a c t i t i on e r o f the a rt w h ose a c t ua l pra c t i c e c ea s e d m a n y yea r s a go The


    , .

    pr ac t i c e w a s f o r bi dd en b y the F r e c h in 1 884 a n d the e d i ct w a s en f o rc ed


    n

    a s s tr i c t l y a s p o s s ibl e fr om th a t t i m e o n in the gr o u p o f Nu k u H i v a a n d

    Ua Po u w h e r e the go v e r n m e n t w a s in oc cu p a t i o n
    , On H i v a O a T a hu Ata .
    , ,

    F a t u Hi v a a n d Ua Hu k a the pra c t i c e c on t i n u e d som e yea r s th e r ea ft e r in


    , ,

    the a b s en c e o f a u th o r i t y to a b o li s h i t A s a c on s e q u en c e on e fi n d s in the
    .
    ,

    n o rth w es t e r n gr ou p th a t the m a j o r i t
    y o f e x a mp l es is the w o rk o f tu k u n a
    o f the so u th ea s t e r n i s l a d s a fe w v e r y ol d p eop l e a l o n e r epr e sen t i n g
    n , , ,

    th a t o f the fo rm e r i s l a n d s J u s t a s th ese n o rth w es t e r n n a t i v es n ow


    .

    l i v i n g w en t s u rr e pt i t i ou s l y to tu hun a o f the o th e r grou p to b e t a tt oo e d


    u p on p a rt s o f th e b o d y th a t w o u l d n ot s h o w b e n e a th th e i r c l oth e s s o in ,

    the so u th e a s t e r n gr ou p th o s e w ho c o n t i n u e d th e pr a c t i c e a ft e r the p r o
    hib ition w a s a c t u a ll y en fo r c ed th e r e a b ou t t w en t y fi v e ye a r s l a t e r th a n in
    ,
    —

    the m o r e c l os e l y e s p io n a ge d i s l a n d s w e r e d eco r a t e d c h i e fl y u p o
    ,
    the l eg s n

    fr o m h i p s to a n k l es w h e r e dr es s o r t rou s e r s w ou l d c ov e r the p a tt e rn .

    Gr a d ua ll y e v en th i s p r a c t i c e c ea s e d a n d t o d a y the o n l y t a tt o o i n g th a t is
    , ,

    d o e is n o w a n d th en o f n a m es in pr i n t u p o n the a r m
    n I t w ill b e s ee n .

    fr o m th i s th a t on l y u p on v e ry Ol d p eo p l e c a n a yth i n g a pp r oa c h i n g a fu ll
    ,
    n

    s u i t o f t a tt oo i n g b e see nT h ou gh th e r e is b u t on e m a li v i n g w ho a s fa r
    . n ,

    a s I k ow n m i ght b e ca ll e d f u l l y t a tt ooe d s t ill th e r e a r e to b e f o u n d o n


    , ,

    d i ff e r en t s u bj ec t s d e s i gn s fo r pr a c t i c a ll y a l l p a rt s o f the b od y o r i g i n a ll y
    c o v e red . T h e r e s t ill r e m a i n s ev e r a l w o m en f u ll y t a tt oo e d pr o b a bl y fo r ,

    the r ea s o n th a t th e i r d e s i g n s a r e l ess c on s p i cuo u s The p l a t e s h e r e w i th .


    I4 B er n ice P . B is h op Il l us e u ni - B u ll c tin
    --
    .

    r e p r esen t a b ou t a s f u ll a c o l l ec t i on a s cou l d b e o b t a i n ed t o d ay o f the


    t a tt oo d es i gn s o f the Ma rqu e s a s Wh a t m a y b e l ea r n e d o f the h i t o r y . s

    a n d m ea n i n g o f the a t fr o m the s t u d y o f th e s e d es i g n s m a y b e o f i n t e r es t
    r .

    The p a rt s o f the b o d y o r n a m e n t e d d i ff e r t o d a y a s th ey h a v e a l w a ys , ,

    for me n a n d w o m en a c o m p l e t e s u i t o f t a tt o o i n g fo r the m en ( Pl 1 )
    , .

    co v e r i n g the c r o w n o f th e h ea d ( Pl V f a ce ( P13 111 I V V ) i n c l u d i n g the .


    , .
    , ,

    eye l i d s o ft en the i n s i d e o f th e n os tr i l s
    , t o gue p a l m s a n d b a c k o f the ,
    n ,

    h a n d ( Pls VI I I A ; x 1 C) a rm s ( Pls X I I X I I I ) l eg s ( PIS x x 1 x x x x v 1 11 )


    .
    , , ,
    .
    -
    , .
    -
    ,

    a n d the e n t i r e t r u n k ( P l X I V ) b u t n ot the p en i s w h i c h a l l s a v e on e o f o u r
    .
    ,

    m od e r n i n fo r m a n t s d en y e v e r to h a v e b een t a tt oo e d ( S ee a l s o : 1 5 p 1 6 ; .
    , .

    4 p 1 4 ; 5 p 2 3 2 ; 1 4 pp 7 8 1 1 4 ; 1 1 p pp 1 2 2 1 23 ; 8 p 1 5 5 ; -
    . .
    , .
    , .
    , , . .
    , .

    1 7 p 3 0 6 ; 1 3 pp 8 3 84 9 0 9 1 ; 1 8 p
    , .
    , . At the p r es en t d a y the on e
    -
    ,
    —
    , .
    ,

    m a n w ho m i ght b e s a i d to b e f u l l y t a tt o o e d o r m oho is l ac k i n g the c r o w n ,

    p i ece s a v e fo r a s e c t i on a n d the t on gu e a n d p a l m c ov e r i n g s F r o m the


    , , .

    ea r l i es t t i m es a c co un t s s uc h a s th os e o f C o o k M a r c h a n d La n gs d o r ff , , ,

    K r us en s t e r n M el v ill e B e r c ho n a n d Po rt e r n ot e the s i m p l e r d ec o r a t i o n o f
    , ,

    the w o m e G F o r s t e r o b s e rv i n g n o n e on th em O n the bo d i es o f w o men


    n, . .

    ob s e rv e d t o d ay p a tt e r n s a re f ou n d on the l i p s r u n n i n g b a c k to the
    ,

    b a se o f the gu m s ( Pl s 1 1 A ; VI A ) on the ea r l ob es b eh i n d the e a r s .


    , , , ,

    ( Pl VI C ; P o rt e r p
    .
    , on the c u rv e o f th e s h o u l d e r ( Pl V I
    ,
    . B ; s ee .
    ,

    a lso 1 3 p 95 ; 6 p
    , . on the l o w e r b a c k o f w h i c h b u t o n e e x a m p l e
    , .

    r em a i n s a s fa r a s k n o w n ( Pl x v ) o n the h a n d s ( Pls VI I x 1 ) a n d on the


    , .
    , .
    —

    l eg s fro m the b u tt oc k s d o w n ( Pls X VI X XVI I I ) O n e old w o m a n o f Nu k u .


    -
    .

    H i v a d e s c r ib es the t a tt oo i n g o n w om e n a s c o v e r i n g a l s o f o r m e r l y the , ,

    w h o l e l en gth o f the a r m s o n th e i n s i d e the b u tt o c k s a n d the a b d om en , ,


    .

    S he a s w e ll a s a l l o th e r s li v i g t o d a y d ec l a r e s th a t the v u l v a w a s n ev e r
    ,
    n ,

    t a tt ooe d a l th ou gh on e w om a n r ep o rt s a g i rd l e th a t c a m e a rou n d in fro n t


    ,
    .

    V a r i ous r ea s o n s a re g i v e n for c o v e r i n g d i ff e r e t p a rt s o f the b o d y n .

    The d eco r a t e d h a n d w a s n o t i c ea bl e in k nea d i n g a n d ea t i n g popoi Th e .

    u n d e r a r m p a tt e r n m a d e a fi n e s h o w i n g w h en the a r m s w e r e u p l i ft e d to
    -

    s t r i k e w i th th e w a r c l u b S h ou l d e r a n d c h es t d ec o r a t i on s w e r e d i s p l a ye d
    .

    w h e n m en w a l k e d w i th a r m s c ro s s e d b e h i n d the b ac k C i r cu l a r m o t i v es .

    o n the i n s i d e o f the k n ee s w e r e in e v i d e c e w h en m e n s a t c r o s s l e gg e d
    —
    n .

    The i n s i d e th i gh s w h e r e the l o i n c l o th h u n g a n d c o v er e d th e m w e r e O ft en
    l e ft v a ca n t .

    T h e r e a re n u m e r ou s i n d i c a t i on s b oth in the t y p es o f d es i g n to b e s een


    t o d ay a n d i d es c r i pt i on s a n d s t or i e s o f n a t i v es a n d o f v i s i t o r s to the
    n

    i s l a n d s th a t f a s h i o n in th i s m o d e o f d ec o r a t i on w a s n o e x ce pt i o n to
    ,

    the r u l e o f f a s h i o n s T h e r e a re to b e seen n a t u ra l i s t i c
    ’
    fi c k l en e s s .
    ,

    g eo m e tr i c a n d c o n v en t i on a l m o t i v es b o th symm etr i c a ll y a n d i rr e gu l a r l y
    , ,

    a rr a n g e d ; th e r e a r e s t o r i e s o f i n t e r i s l a n d e x c h a n g e o f m ot i v e s a n d o f -
    Ha nd y —
    Ta tto oin g in the M ar q u es as 15

    th e t eac h i n g o f the tu hu n a o f the n o rth w est e r n grou p b y th os e o f the


    s ou th ea s t e r n ; th e r e a re to b e f ou n d in li t e r a r y so u r c es a c c ou n t s o f the

    v o gu e o f d i ff e r en t a rt i s t s a n d s t a t em en t s fr om w h i c h m a y b e d e du c ed
    co m p l et e c h a n ge s in the t y p e o f d e s i g n Wi th a v i ew to d i s c o v e r i n g how
    .

    d e p en d en t s t y l e w a s u p on the t a s t e a n d o r i g i n a li t y o f i n d i v i d u a l a rt i s t s the ,

    n a m e s o f a ll a rt i s t s w ho e x e c u t e d th e d es i g n s r e c o rd e d w e r e n ot e d Wh en .

    tw o p i ece s o f w o rk d o n e b y th e sa m e ta hu n a w e r e f ou n d the c h o i ce o f ,

    p a tt e r n seem ed s o m et i m e s to b e i d en t i c a l ( P l X I C) s om et i m es a l t o g eth e r .
    , ,

    d i ffe r en t ( Pls 1 X B a d x A ) w h il e the w o rk o f d i ff e r en t tu hun a w a s


    , ,
    n , ,

    so m et i m es i d en t i c a l ( Pl X II I B ) I t w ou l d s ee m th a t a ll tu hu na dr ew
    .
    , . ,

    m o r e o r l es s a t th e i r w ill fr o m a s i n g l e b o d y o f d e s i gn
    ,
    .

    I n the h o p e o f m a k i n g a s c l ea r a s p oss ibl e the pr ob a bl e e v ol u t i o n o f


    th i s a r t in the M a rq uesas t o w a rd s the e l a b o r a t e con v en t io n a l d e s i gn th a t
    pr e v a il e d w h en i t w a s f o r bi dd en th i rt y e i ght yea r s a go the f oll ow i n g d e -
    ,

    t a il s a r e s et d o w n .

    Q u i r o s r ec o rd s in his d esc r i pt i on o f M en d a fi a s v i s i t to the sou th ’

    ea s t e r n i s l a n d s in 1 5 9 5 the o b s e rv a t i on o f fi s h a n d o th e r p a tt e r n s p a i n t e d
    ”
    ,

    u p on the f ac es a n d bo d i es o f the n a t i v es T h i s i s c o rrob o r a t ed b y a l i v i n g


    .

    i n fo rm a n t w ho sa ys th a t fo rm e r l y w o m en ha d bi rd s a d fi s h b e h i n d th e i r n

    ea r s a n d o n th e i r l eg s a n d m en a r e r e p o rt e d to h a v e h a d l iz a rd s on th e i r
    ,

    f a c es The n e x t w o rd fro m a v oya ge r th a t co m es to u s o f th i s gr ou p


    .
    ‘

    is d a t ed n ea r l y tw o c e n t u r i es l a t e r w h en F o r s t e r o b s e rv es in 1 7 72 th a t
    the m ot i v es in T a hu A ta a r e n ot n a t u r a l i s t i c b u t g eo m e t r i c t a k i n g the ,

    fo rm o f bl o t ch es s p i r a l s b a rs Ch e qu e r s a n d
    “
    , , w h il e J R F o r s t e r
    , , . .

    c on fir m s th i s a n a l y s i s a d d i n g h ow e v e r c i rc l es a n d M a r c h a n d in 1 790
    “ ”
    , , ,

    r ei t e r a t es the tw o l i s t s a n d s w e ll s th em w i th p a rt s o f c i r c l es s qu a r e
    “

    o r o v a l fig u r e s i n c l i n e d a n d v a r i o u s l y c r os se d l i n es I t w ou l d .

    a pp ea r , th en th a t in the so u th ea s t e r n i s l a n d s d u r i n g th e se h u n dr e d a n d
    ,

    e i ght y O d d y e a r s th e r e h a d b een in the t p e o f d es i gn a c h a n g e fr o m th e


    -
    , y
    n a t u r a li s t i c to the g e o m e tr i c .

    We h a v e n o s i m il a r s t a t em en t s r eg a rd i n g w h a t w a s h a pp en i n g in the
    n o rth w es t e r n gr ou p d u r i n th e ea r l y p e r i o d the fir s t o b s e rvat i on s th e r e
    g ,

    b e i n g s et d ow n b y M a r c h a n d in 1 7 90 w ho v i s i t e d b oth gr ou p s T h ou gh , .

    M a r c h a n d t ouc h e d fo r a s h o rt t i m e a t o n l y tw o b a ys in the n o r th w es t e rn
    i s l a n d s s t ill i t is v a l u a bl e to h a v e his s t a t e m en t th a t h e fi n d s in Ua P ou
    ,

    the s a m e c u s t om o f t a tt oo i n g a s in T a h u Ata b u t n ot so gen e r a l few ,

    t a tt ooe d i d i v i d ua l s b e i g s een ( 1 1 p
    n n Un f o rt u n a t e l y he d oes n o t
    ,
    .

    d efi n e the t yp es o f m ot i v es th e r e a s he d oes in T a h u Ata J u s t a few .

    ye a r s l a t e r h o w ev e r in 1 80 3 La n gs d o r ff g i v e s a n u m b e r o f d r a w i n g s
    , , ,

    fr om the n o rth w es t e r n gr ou p w i th ex p l a n a t i on s o f th em ( 1 0 : Pl VI p .
    , .

    1 1 7 ; PI V I I p 1 1 9 ; P I V I I I p 1 22 ; pp X I V x v X V I )
    .
    , . .
    , . w h i c h s h ow th a t .
    , ,
    .
    16 B er ni c e P . B is hop M u s e um —
    B u lletin

    b y the b e gi n n i n g o f the n i n et een th c en t u ry d es i g n s in Nu k u H i v a w er e a ,

    c o m bi n a t i on o f p u r el y g e om e tr i c figu r e s w i th a ll s a v e tw o o f th e pr i n c i p a l

    c o n v e n t i o na l u n i t s o f the l a t e s t ph a s e o f th e a r t th a t a t the pr e s en t d ay

    is u n i v e r s a ll y a ttr ib u t ed b y the n at i v e s to th e s o u th e a s t e r n i s l a n d s w h i c h ,

    fo r c on v e n i e n ce m a y b e r e f e rr e d to a s the H i v a O a d ev e l o pm en t Do r .

    d i ll on ( 3 ) g i v es the n a m es o f m a n y m ot i v es w h i c h h a v e co mp l et e l y d is a p
    p ea r e d today ,
    m os t
    th e m r ec o rd e d in the n o rth wes t e r n gr ou p O f
    of .

    th es e , s ev e ra l
    w o u l d i n d i c a t e n a t u r a l i s t i c t r ea tm en t : a wk iv a l i n e o f s ea
    ’

    bu il d e r s ; au k ohu hu a s ea w ee d ; ha ha u a a k i n d o f ra y fi s h ; hom a e a
    ,
    ’
    , ,

    fi s h ; k oao a fi s h ; ma tu k u a bi rd ; k eeheu w i n g ; tik a u e fly ; to e to e c r a b


    ’
    -
    r
    -
    u
    .
    , , ,
    .
    , ,

    F u rth e r m o re in 1 843 M e l v ill e s a w fi s h a n d bi rd s a n d a n


    ,
    t ree
    t a tt ooe d o n n a t i v es o f Nu k u H i v a ( 1 3 p De s gr a the sa m e y ea r ,
    . z , ,

    d es c r ib es fi s h a n d s h e ll s ( 1 8 p G a rc i a in 1 84 5 fi s h ; B erc hon in
    , .
    , ,

    1 8 59 ,
    b oot s gl ov es s un s s h a rk s coc kr oac h es c ocon u t s liz a rd s I n a d
    , , , , , ,
    .

    d i t i o n to th e s e n a t u r a l i s t i c m ot i v es a l l th ese v i s i t o r s a l s o s a w g eo m e tr i c ,

    p a tt e r n s s h o w i n g th a t in the n o rth w es t e r n grou p a s l on g a s w e h a v e a n y


    ,

    rec o rd o f t att oo i n g th e r e the tw o t yp es h a v e e x i s t e d s i d e b y s i d e a s


    ,

    th ey d o t o d a y ( F or n a t u ra l i s t i c mo t i v es s ee Pls XVI I I ; X X B c ; X I D ;
    . .
    , , ,

    x x x j ; for g eom e t r i c Pls XVI I I X IX X X A b ; X X I D a )


    , , .
    , , , , , ,
    .

    O n the o th e r ha n d the e a r li e s t dr a w i g s ob t a i n a bl e th a t a r e k n o w n n

    to b e o f the H i v a O a t y p e a r e th os e dr a w n b y P ro iho a n d a n o l d tu k u n a

    pa tu ti k i o f F a t u H i v a ( Pls I X A ; X 11 C ; X IV B ; X VI ; XX X ) T h es e .
    , , ,
    .

    a r e i mp o s s ibl e to p l a c e c hr o n o l o g i c a ll
    y a n d a r e n o l on ge r f ou n d u p on the
    b o d y in e x a c t l y th ese f o rm s A m on g th em is f ou n d b u t on e g en u i n el y .

    n a t u r a l i s t i c m ot i v e ( Pl X XX 1) b u t a com bi n a t i on o f geom et r i c fi gu r es
    .
    ,

    s u c h a s s q u a res ( Pl X I I C b a n d c ) b a r s ( Pl X X X C ) Obli q ue ( Pl
    .
    , , , .
    , ,
    .

    X X X d ) a n d v a r i ou s l y c r os s e d l i n es ( Pl X V I d ; X XX a ; X X X k) w i th
    , .
    ,
    '

    , , ,

    s i m p l e f o rm s o f a ll the m o d e r n c o n v en t i on a l m o t i v e s s a v e th e n i a ta k o i oe n

    f n o w c a ll e d po i t ( Pl X X X I I I e ) a n d the fl o w e r l i k e o r
    ’ ’
    o f La n gs d o r f ,
    .
    ,
    —

    s u n li k e d i s k v a r i ou s l y c a l l e d pua hit pu a hu e a n d hu eta i ( Pl X X X I V e ) u, .


    , ,

    b o th o f w h i c h a r e to b e f ou n d in p r i m i t i v e f o r m in the e a r l y Nu k u H i v a
    a r t ( Pl X X I X f c ) T o d a y thr ee n a t u r a l i st i c d es i gn s a n d th es e v e ry
    .
    , , .
    ,

    c rude a r e to b e f o u n d i n th e s ou th ea s t e r n gr ou p
    , a n d th e s e a r e a ll th e ,

    w o rk o f th e s a m e a rt i s t ( Pls X A 2 a ; X XVI II D E) . The d es i gn s


    .
    , , , , , .

    d e s c r ib e d a s b e l o n g i n g to f o rm e r Nu k u H i v a a n d F a t u H i v a s t y l e s h a v e
    in c o mm o n s e v e r a l u i t s m a n y o f th e m in pr i m i t i v e f o r m w h i c h a r e to
    n ,

    b e f ou n d t o d a y in the H i v a O a s t y l e : fo r e x a m p l e the k oh e ta ( Pl s X X X a ; ,
    .
    ,

    X X I X a a n d b ; X X X I V a a n d b ) ; the ho olee ( Pls XX X i ; X X IX h ;


    , ,
    '

    .
    , ,

    X X X IV g i n s et s ) the hik u hik u a tu ( Pls X X I X (7 ; XX X g ; XX XI I I h) ; a n d


    ,
    - .
    .
    , , ,

    the mo m h o a ta ( Pl s X X X e l o w e r a ; X X IX g ; I D th i gh ) ; a d w h a t I
    . .
    , , , , ,
    n
    18 B er n ice P . B i s ho p M us e u m —
    B u lleti n

    sa id to b el on g to F a t u Hi v a th i s b u t one l i v i n g e x a mp l e c ou l d b e
    . Of
    fou n d ( Pl V .
    ,
    O f th e o ld Nu k u H i v a po l c k e d i st i n g u i s h e d b y a n o bl i q u e i ,

    b a n d r u n n i n g fr om the r i ght c en t e r o f the f o r eh ea d a c ro s s the l e ft ey e


    a n d c h ee k ( Pl V .
    ,
    th e r e r e m a i n t o d ay b u t tw o e x a m p l es Wh a t f o r m .

    the t r a s i t i on fr o m s p i r a l to b a n d m a y h a v e t a k e n ca n on l y b e c on jec
    n

    tu r ed . A r el i a bl e H i v a O a i n fo r m a n t d esc r ib es a f o r m e r co n v en t i on o f th a t
    i s l a n d w h i c h s eem s to b e a c om bi na t i on o f o v e r eye a rc s p e rh a p s a r el i c - —

    o f the s p i r a l
    ’
    o f peh ek e a n d ti a ti a pu ( P l V 6 ; s e e a l s o L a n gs d o r ff s
    ’ ’
    - -
    .
    ,

    d e sc r i pt i o n a n d PI VI I I fi gs 1 0 1 1 p X I ) I n M el v ill e s t i m e b oth the


    .
    , .
    , ,
    . .
    ’
    ,

    m o d e r n s t y l e s w e r e s een o n Nu k u H i v a a n d in the t a tt o o i n g to b e s ee n ,

    t od ay the H i v a O a ha s r e pl a c e d the Nu k u H i v a d es i g n c om p l et el y I n the


    ,
    .

    fi n e i n se t a n d i n t e r b a n d m o t i v es a r e to b e f ou n d b oth geo m etr i c a n d c on


    -

    ve n tio n a l m ot i v e s n e v e r n a t u r a li s t i c
    , .

    H o w m ay th i s d i v e rg e n c e b et w ee n gr o u p s a n d the gr ow th fr o m the
    n a t u ra l i s t i c th r ou gh the geo m et r i c to the c o n v en t i on a l a s s eem s to b e —

    the p r o b a bl e d e v e l o p m en t b e a c c oun t e d fo r ?
    —

    Pe rh a p s i t m a y b e p o s t u l a t e d th a t b e f o r e th e s e v e n t e en th c en t u ry
    n a t u r a li s t i c m ot i v e s w e r e u se d in b oth gr o u p s th a t d u r i g the tw o u n ,
    n

    r eco rd e d c en t u r i es g eom e tr i c figu r es a pp ea r e d in the sou th ea s t e r n gr ou p ,

    th a t th es e gr a d u a ll y r ep l a c ed the n a t u r a l i s t i c th e r e o r t r a n s fo rm e d th em
    i n t o the c on v en t i on a l a n d t ha t a t ea c h s t a g e o f d ev el op m en t the n ew
    ,

    s t y l e s w e r e c a rr i e d to the n o rth w e s t w h e r e th ey d i d n ot s o com p l et el y

    o bl i t e r a t e o r a m a l g a m a t e the n a t i v e p a tt e r n s s o m e o f w h i c h p e r s i s t to ,

    th i s d a y in th e i r Ol d f o r m .

    I fl u en c es w h i c h m a y h a v e c on t r ib u t e d to s u c h a d e v el o p m en t a re
    n

    su gg es t e d b y a n e x a m i na t i o n o f a d zi n g a n d c a rv i n g m ot i v e s O r n a m en t a l .

    a dz i n g i n s i mp l e g eo m e t r i c p a tt e r ns s e e m s to h a v e b ee n th e pr i m i t i v e

    f o r m o f w oo d d ec o r a t i o n I m i t a t i on o f its t ec h n i q u e a s w ell a s the u s e


    .

    o f its m o t i v es on the b o d y i s e v i d e n t The f o rm e r i s s een in th e fi lli n g .

    o f s p a ce s ,
    o r d i n a r il y m a d e s o li d in c ol o r w i th p a r a ll e l o bl i q u e z i g z a g , , ,

    or w a v y l i ne s ( Pl 111 7 i n s et in e ye b a n d ; X X I B b ; X X XVI i n s e t s
    .
    , , , , ,

    in e a n d g ; X X XV i n s e t b a rr e d t ee th in f ; X X X d ) ; in the us e o f the i n t e r
    , ,

    s e c t i on o f a d zi n g l i n es to f o r m th e m o t i v e c a ll e d k o il o ( Pl XXIII A a ; '

    p .
    , ,

    p os s ibl y a l s o the i ns et in the f o r eh e a d b a n d in Pl 1 1 1 I n t a tt oo i n g .


    ,

    a r e f o u n d s u c h ho u s e p os t m o t i v e s a s the c r os s fo r m e d b y a dz i g o f f the n

    c o r n e r s o f a s q u a r e ( PI X I I C b ) c on c e n t r i c c i r c l e s ( P l X I I E b ) a n d
    .
    , , , .
    -
    ,

    c o n c en tr i c h a l f o v a l s ( PI X XVI I I E XVI I I a ) I t is p o s s ibl e th a t the


    “
    -
    . .
    , , ,

    us e o f f ou r t r i a n g l es in a q u a r e o r o bl on g a s w e ll a s the c on c ept i on o f
    s ,

    d es i gn in b a n d s m a y h a v e c o m e fro m th i s a r t o f a d z i n g w oo d Wh en i t .

    is r e m e m b e r e d th a t w o o d w a s s c o r c h e d b e f o r e a p a tt e r n w a s a d z e d o r
    c a rv e d u p on i t , s o th a t the d e s i g n w a s in n a t u r a l w oo d c o l o r the b ac k ,
    H a n dy —
    Ta ttooin g i n th e M a r q u es as 19

    gr ou n d in bl a c k ,
    gge s t s i t s e l f th a t such m o t i v es a s the
    the c on c l u s i o n su

    ( X X I I I A l e ft a n d r i ght ) a n d the fla m e lik e en d s o f


    °

    hi t Pl and k
    p a o .
    7 , , ,

    tr i a n g l es ( XVI I I X I X A ) m a y b e c op i es o f the bl ac k b ac kgro un d l e ft b y


    ,

    gou g i g a l on g s i d e a li n e in the on e c a s e a n d b y c u tt i n g s h o rt l i n e s
    n

    v e rt i c a ll y ou t from a s tr a i ght l i n e in the o th e r I t seem s a s i f the .

    c h ec k e r b o a rd p a tt e r n o f w h i c h b u t o n e e x a m p l e is
    , ex ta n t m ust h av e ,

    o r i g i n a l l y b een c a rv e d on w o o d ( Pl XX I D a ) P a r a ll e l a n d w a v y .
    , ,
    .

    li n es a n d o th e r a dz i n g a d c a rv i n g co n c ept s a r e u se d on the b o d y a s
    n ,

    s e en in the pr e ce d i g e x a m p l e I t w ill b e n o t i ce d th a t m o s t o f th e s e
    n .

    c o i n c i d en c e s a r e f o u n d i Nu k u H i v a Ua Pou o r e a r l y F a t u H i v a t yp es
    n , ,

    r a th e r th a n in the pr e v a l en t m od e rn p a tt e r n s th o u gh a mon g th es e a re ,

    tw o e x a m p l es o f th e s c r o ll s o p r o m i n e n t in c a rv i n g ( s ee a l s o P l s X XXVI I I .
    ,

    D ; X X XV c) , .

    Wo o d c a rv i n g a s d i s t i n gu i s h e d fro m a dz i n g w h i c h d ec o r a t e d b ow l s
    , , ,

    p a dd l es c l u b s etc s ee m s to b e a m i x t u r e of a dz i g p a tt e rn s geom etr i c


    , , .
    ,
    n ,

    s q ua r i s h s p i r a l s a n d a fe w o f the c o n v en t i o n a l m o t i v es u s ua l in t a tt oo i g n .

    O f c a rv i g t ec h n i q u e c o p i e s s u c h a s the v e i n i n g a l on g a m i dr ib ( Pl
    n .

    X XVI I I E) a r e f ou n d in t a tt oo i n g ; o f c a rv i n g d es i g n s i m il a r i t i es to old ,

    w a r c l u b p a tt e r n s ( Pl V I B ; X A 2 a ; the tow .
    , w h i c h w a s fo r m e r l y
    , , ,
    '
    ,

    bu rn e d o n a p l a n k in the h ou s e o f th e i n s p i ra t i on a l pr i es t ( Pl X VI m ) ; .
    ,

    a n d s uc h s m a ll u n i t s a s the tiki in f o r e h ea d a n d m o u th b a n d s o f P l a t e 111


    7 ,
    .

    C omm on to b oth c a rv i n g a n d t a tt o o i n g a re s u c h c on v en t i o n a l m o t i v es a s
    the h on u k ea or w oo d l ou s e the n z a ta hoa ta o r b r illi a n t ey e the ha a k e
    ’
    ,
    a ,

    o r u n d e r a rm c u rv e th e po k a a o r w o o d en bl o c k fo r c a rr y i n g a l o a d on
    ’

    the s h ou l d e r the m a fi a o r m a n
    , Wh eth e r th es e m o t i v es o r i g i n a t e d a s
    .

    w o o d c a rv i n g p a tt e r n s o r a s b o d y d ec o r a t i o n a n d in w h i c h d i r e c t i on the
    tr a n s f e r a n d a d a pt i on w a s m a d e i t is i m p os s ibl e to s ay d e fi n i t el y .

    S ev e r a l i n t e r e s t i n g p o s s ibil i t i es a r e s u gge s t e d b y a n a n a l ys i s o f the


    v a r i ous m ot i v es ca ll e d k ea t o d a y I t w ou l d a pp ea r th a t the k ea o f com .

    m o n occ u rr e n c e o n w oo d is r e a ll y a c o n v en t i o n a l i z a t i o n of the hon u k ea


    o r w oo d l ou s e w i th its s ix l eg s a n d tw o a n t e n n a e T h i s w a s seen b u t .

    o n c e in t a tt o o i n g on th e w r i s t o f a n Ol d w o m a n o f F a t u H i v a ( Pl VI I A
    , .
    , ,

    1,
    a) a d w a s d r a w n b y a n a rt i s t Of Fa t u H i v a a s a f o r m e r u n i t th e r e
    n

    ( Pl X V I K )
    .
    ,
    O n the o th e r h a n d the u s u a l b o d y k ea ( P l X X II B b
    .
    , .
    , ,

    c en t e r ) m a y v e ry w e ll b e a s i m p l e c on v e n t i o n a liz a t i on o f on e of the
    c a rv e d t o rt o i se s h el l p l a q u e s o f th e pa ek e a o r c r o w n
    —
    a c a rv e d pr o d uc t —

    o f H i va Oa the m o t i v e h a v i g b e e n b o rr o w e d fr o m s h el l r a th e r th a n fr o m
    —
    n

    w oo d c a rv i n g T h e r e is a mo t i v e f ou n d t o d a y in t a tt oo i g on Ua Pou ( Pl
    . n .

    XX A e ; X X I D b) an d d e p i c t e d a l so a s a n ea r l y F a t u H i v a u n i t ( P l I X
    , , , , .
    ,

    A b ) w h i c h r es em bl e s th e e hon u t o rt o i se dr a w n b y L a n gs d o r f a n d
    , , , ,

    th i s w h i c h ha s d i s a pp ea r ed fr om H i v a O a t a tt oo i g may p e rh a p s be s a i d
    ,
    n ,
    20 B er n i c e P . B is hop M us eu i n —
    B u l leti

    to b e the v en t i o n a l d e r i v a t i v e o f a n a t u ra l i s t i c p o rtr aya l o f the


    on ly c on

    t o rt o i s e a n d pro ba bl y the o n l y p u r e b o d y m ot i v e a mon g the v a r i a n t s ca ll e d


    k ea . The s o u th e a s t e r n c a rv i n g m o t i v e is the k ea w h i c h p r e v a il s t o d a y .

    A no th e r u su a l c o n v en t i on a l m o t i v e a p pea r i n g b o t h in c a rv i n g a n d
    t a tt oo i n g the i n a ta hoa ta o r b r il li a n t eye ( Pl X XVI A e) w o u l d a pp ea r
    , ,
    .
    , .
    ,

    to h a v e o r i g i n a t e d in n e i th e r b e i n g in its s i m p l es t f o rm a c op y o f the ey e s
    , , , ,

    ea r s a n d n o s t r il s o f a ti k i or i m a g e f a c e O n l y o n w oo d is th i s s i m p l e co p y .

    fo u n d t o d a y a n d on w oo d w e fi n d a ll the tr a n s i t i on s t a ges o f its d ev el o p


    ,

    m en t to the h i gh l y co n v e n t i on a l i z e d u n i t c o m m o n in t a tt oo i n g t o d a y ;
    w h e n c e i t w ou l d a pp ea r th a t the ni a ta hoa ta o r i g i n a t e d in s cu l pt u r e w a s ,

    c o p i e d u p on w oo d a n d t r a n s f e rr e d to the b o d y
    , w h e r e i t gr a d u a l l y w a s ,

    e l a b o r a t e d a n d m o r e h i gh l
    y c o n v en t i o n a l i z e d ( F o r d ev e l o p m en t see PI . .

    X X X b w h i c h is f ou n d o n l y on w oo d to d a y ; X 1 A c ; X VI I I b ; XX X IV b ;
    , , , , , ,

    X X XI I I c ; X X I I I B f a ; X X I I I A a c en t e r )
    , , , , , , ,
    .

    O f co n v en t i o n a l m ot i v es the k a a k e is p e rh a p s the m os t w i d e l y u s e d
    ’
    .

    Do r d illon g i v e s k a k e k ak e a s o n e o f the w o rd s u s e d to d e s i g na t e t a tt o oi n g
    w h i c h is e n t i r e l y fi n i s h e d H e s p ell s th e w o rd lea lee b u t i t s e e m s b ett e r
    “ -
    ”
    .
    ,

    to a d o pt the s p e l li n g ha a k e fo r the f o l lo w i n g r ea s o n s : The d i s t i n g u i s h


    “ ’ ”

    in g f ea t u r e o f the m ot i v e is its n e v e r v a ry i n g cu rv e w h i c h s eem s to co r


    r es p on d to the l i n e o f the un d e r a r m c u rv e o r a r m p i t fo r w h i c h the - -

    n a t i v e t e rm is ha a k e The a s su mpt i on th a t th i s c u rv e o f the b o d y o r i g i


    ’
    .

    n a ll y g a v e the n a m e to the m o t i v e is b o r n e o u t b y s e v e r a l l i n es o f r ea

    s on i n g I n the fir s t p l a c e La n gs d o r ff a s s i g n s the p l a c i n g o f th i s m o t i v e
    .
    ,

    o r i g i n a ll y to th e i n s i d e a r m a n d r ib s ( 1 0 p X V ) ; in the s ec on d p l ac e ,
    .
    ,

    w e h a v e d esc r ib e d fo r u s th i s s i m p l e u n d e r a r m c u rv e a s its e a r l i es t -

    fo r m ( Pl X X I X h ; XX X i) ; a n d in the th i rd p l a c e the el a b o r a t i on s o f
    .
    , , ,

    th i s c u rv e a s the m o t i v e gr e w in c o m p l ex i t y a re r e pr esen t a t i on s o f the


    , ,

    e a l a o r m a n w i th u pr a i s e d a r m s ( Pl
    n VI B c e t e r bott om ) a n d o f the .
    , ,
    n ,

    po k a a ( P l 1 X B a t b a s e o f fi n g e r s ) o r cu rv e d w oo d en o bj ec t p l a c e d on
    ’
    .
    ,

    the s h ou l d e r s on w h i c h to r es t a p ol e in c a rry i n g a h ea v y l oa d The a s soc i a .

    t i o n o f i d ea s s ee m s o b v i o us a n d w e fi n d th em a s s oc i a t e d t o d a y a s m i n o r d eco
    ra t i o n s in the u n d e r a rm p a tt e r n ( Pl X I I I B a b ; X I I I C c a n d d ;
    -
    .
    , , , ,

    X IV A )
    ,
    T h i s c om bi n a t i o n is es p ec i a l l y ma rk e d I n the s i mp l e r f o rm s o f
    .

    the k a a k e a s f o u n d o n Ua Po u ( Pl XX B b ) a n d Nu k a H i v a ( Pl X V a )
    ’
    .
    .
    , , ,

    A l th ou gh th i s u n i t a pp e a r s u p o n w oo d i t s e em s r ea s on a bl e to su gge s t th a t ,

    i t w a s o r i g i n a ll y a b o d y p a tt e r n .

    T h re a re c e rt a i b o d y m ot i v es w h i c h s ee m n e v e r o r ra r el y to h a v e
    e n

    b een us e d u po n w o o d s u c h a s the h u e ta i ( Pl X X X IV e ) a n d the po i i


    , .
    ,
    ’ ’

    ( Pl XXX I I I e ; X XVI A d c en t e r ) w h i c h a r e a s s oc i a t e d w i th e a r l y Nu k u
    .
    , , , , ,

    H i v a no t H i v a O a a r t ; a n d th e r e a r e s o m e w h i c h a r e j u s t b e g i n n i n g
    , ,

    to b e tra s f e rr e d to w oo d a t the pr es e n t t i m e a s th e ipu o to a n o th e r u n i t


    ’
    n , ,
    H a n dy —
    Ta ttooin g in th e M ar q u es a s 21

    fou n d in ea r l y Nu k u H i v a d e s i g n ( Pl X I I I ) ; b u t i t seem s i m po ss ibl e .

    d efi n i t el y to a s s i gn p a rt i cu l a r c on v en t i on a l m o t i v es to the on e m e d i u m o r
    the o th e r Ho w e v e r i t m a y p e rh a p s b e s t a t e d th a t g eom e tr i c e l e m e n t s
    .
    ,

    d i d o r i g i n a t e on w oo d a n d th a t the i n fl u en c e o f g eo m e tr i c a dz i n g a n d
    ,

    c a rv i g a pp ea r s in t a tt oo i n g b o th in ce rt a i
    n t ra s f e rr ed el em en t s a n d in n n

    a g e e r a l co n v e t i o n a li z a t i o n o f the pr i m i t i v e n a t u r a l i s t i c m o t i v e s
    n n In a s .

    m u c h a s F a t u H i v a is k n o w n to b e the c a rv i n g c en t e r w e m a y f u rth e r ,

    d efi n e the geomet r i c i n fl u e ce a s s pr i n g i g d i rec t l y fr om w o o d c a rv e r s


    n n -

    o f the sou th ea s t e r n gr o u p .

    The u s e o f so li d p a t c h e s m a y b e tr ac e d w i th i n t e r e s t a s h e r e a g a i n ,

    w e fi n d a d i ff e r en t t r ea t m en t in the tw o gr ou p s S o me m o d e r n in fo r .

    m a n t s d esc r ib e the men o f Nu k u H i v a a s f o r m e r l y h a v i n g h a l f o f the b o d y


    e n t i r e l y bl ac k ( Pl X 1 1 B ) ; o n e r em e m b e r s s ee i n g a m a n w i th so li d
    .
    ,

    bl a c k l eg s ; s e v e r a l t es t i fy th a t w h en a m a n w a s c o mp l et el y t a tt ooe d in
    d es i gn i f he c ou l d b ea r i t the s p a ces w e re gon e o v e r a n d fi ll ed in u n t il
    , ,

    a l l p a tt e r n w a s o bli t e r a t e d a n d he w a s co m p l e t el y bl a c k I n c o r r ob o r a t .

    in g th i s cu s t o m in Nu k u H i v a La n gs d or ff sa ys th a t he s a w s o m e o l d m en
    ,

    w ho w e r e p u n c t u r e d o v e r a n d o v e r to su c h a d egr e e th a t the ou t l i n es o f
    ea c h s e p a r a t e figu r e w e r e s c a r c e l y to b e d i s t i n g u i s h e d a n d the b o d
    y ha d
    a n a l m os t n e gr o li k e a pp ea r a c e -
    ( S ee a l s o 1 4 p 7 8 ; 8 p 1 5 5 ; 1 7 p
    n .
    , .
    , .
    ,
    .

    3 06 ; 1 p , . T h e re a r e n o a cc ou n t s o f s u c h a pr a c t i c e in the so u th
    ea s t e r n i s l a n d s a n d th i s s ee m s to p o i n t to a n a es th et i c s e n se th e r e
    , w h ich ,

    w a s l a c k i n g in th e n o rth w es t fo r c e rt a i n l y p eo p l e w i th s u ffi c i en t a rt i s t i c
    ,

    s e n s e to o r i g i a t e th es e b ea u t i f u l p a tt e r n s w ou l d n ot h a v e c o v e r e d th e m
    n

    a ft e r w a r d s a n d co n s i d e r e d the r es u l t s the h eight o f p e rf ec t i on in or n a “

    m en t a s d id the tu h n a o f Nu k u H i v a a c c o r d i g to La gs d o r f
    ”
    ,
    u f a n d the
    ,
    n n

    o th e r ea r l y v oy a g e r s .

    D e s gr a z w ho w a s i n Nu k u H i v a a t a ppr o x i m a t e l y the s a m e t i m e a s
    ,

    M el v ill e w h en H i v a O a t a tt oo i n g w a s the v o gu e d esc r ib es the u s e th e re


    , ,

    o f bl a c k b a n d s co n t a i n i g d e l i c a t e figu r es T h es e a r e t o d a y th e f u n d a
    n .

    m en t a ll y d i s t i n g u i s h i n g f ea t u r e o f the H i v a O a t y p e o f b o dy d e s i gn a s
    w e ll a s o f the f a c e p a tt e r n O n the o th e r h a n d b oth fro m d esc r i pt i o n s
    .
    ,

    o f n a t i v es t o d a y a n d fr o m e x a m i n a t i on o f th e t a tt oo i n g o f th e o n lv o l d

    ma n a n d o l d w o m a n to b e f o u n d w h ose p a tt e r n s w e r e p u t o n b y Nu ku ,

    H i v a tu h na the b a s i c pr i n c i p l e o f the Nu ku H i v a t y p e s e e m s to h a v e b ee n
    u ,

    s o li d p a t c h e s Leg p a tt e r n s for w o m e n f o u n d t o d ay f a l l i n t o thr ee d is


    .

    t i nc t t yp e s : th a t o f Nu k u H i v a ( Pls XVI I X I X ) Ua Pou ( Pls X X XX I ) a n d .


    -
    , .
    -
    ,

    H i v a Oa ( Pl s X X I I X XVI I I ) The fir s t is d i s t i n gu i s h e d b y t r i a n gu l a r p a t c h es
    .
    -
    .

    o f d i ffe r en t s iz es fitt e d t og eth e r w i th h a l f i n c h s p a c es b et w een th e m the ,

    o n l y r eg u l a r i t y o f a rr a n g e m e t b e i n g th e i r p l a c i n g s o a s to fo rm a s t r a i ght
    n

    li n e d o w n the c en t e r fro n t o f the leg Fl a m e li k e ed g es i n s et t eeth a n d .


    , ,
    o I) »
    t B e r n i ce P . B is hop M us e u m —
    B u lle tin

    geom e tr i c li n i n g s w i th h e r e a n d th e r e a n a t u r a li s t i c u n i t b r ea k u p the h ea v y
    , ,

    p a t c h e s a n d a d d to th e i r i rr eg u l a r a n d fa n c y a pp ea ra n ce Ex a m i n a t i on o f .

    the l eg m o t i v e s o f th i s v e r y ta pw Nu k u H i v a c h i e f e s s w h o m u s t h a v e e m ,

    p l o ye d the b es t a rt i s t o b t a i n a bl e p ro v o k e s the su gges t i on th a t th es e i n set s


    ,

    w e r e c r u d e a n d i n a rt i s t i c a tt e m pt s a t a s t y l e fr o m th e s ou th ea s t w h i c h ha d
    p e rh a p s j us t b een i n t r od uc ed i n t o Nu k u H i v a a n d w i th w h i c h the Nu k u H i v a
    tu h na w a s n o t a c q u a i n t e d or p e rh a p s to w h i c h he w a s n o t e q u a l
    u The .

    s eco n d t y p e th a t o f Ua Pou , is p u t on b e l o w the k n ee o n l y in h o r i z o n t a l


    , ,

    b a n d s o f d eli ca t el y l i n e d p a tt e r s the m o t i v es o n e i th e r s i d e o f the c en t e r


    n , ,

    fro n t a n d b a c k b e i g e x a c t l y a li k e The w h o l e ma y b e c o n ce i v e d O f in fr on t
    ,
    n .

    a n d b a c k l on g i t u d i n a l s ec t i on s o f s y m m e tr i c a l h a l v e s w h i c h m e e t i n the ,

    m i dd l e o f e i th e r s i d e o f the l e g Na t u r a li s t i c g eo m e tr i c a n d c on v e n t i o n a l
    .
    ,

    t r ea tm en t s a r e a ll p r e s en t The th i r d t y p e th a t o f H i v a O a w h i c h w a s
    .
    , ,

    the pr e v a l en t s t y l e a t the t i m e o f the d i s c on t i n u a n c e o f the a r t is s i m il a r ,

    in a rr a n g e m e n t to th a t o f Ua Pou e xt en d i n g h o w ev e r h i gh u p o n t o the ,

    th i gh a n d pr es en t s a m ea n b et w e en the tw o f o r m e r in h ea v i n es s o f
    ,

    t r ea t men t the fi e l i n es s w elli n g i n t o bl a c k c u rv es The m o d e is a l m o s t


    ,
    n .

    p u r el y c on v en t i o a l The tw o l a tt e r m a y b e c h a r a c t e r i z e d a s c u rv il i n ea r ;
    n .

    the f o r m e r a s a n gu l a r in d es i g n
    , .

    The leg p a tt e r n s to b e s een o n l i v i n g m en f a ll i n t o tw o t y p es a s i n g l e ,

    e x a m p l e r e p r ese t i n g th a t o f Nu k u H i v a
    n ( Pl X XX I ) a l l the r es t b ei n g .
    ,

    o f th e H i v a O a t y p e ( Pl s X XX I I X X XVI I I ) The f or m e r is c h a ra ct e r i z e d
    .
    -
    .

    b y u n a d o r n e d h ea v y p a t c h es tr i a n gu l a r a n d o bl o n g in s h a p e fitt ed t o g e th e r
    , ,

    o bli q u e l y w i th n o p l a n o f a rr a n g e m e n t s a v e the f o rm a t i o n o f a s t r a i ght

    i n t e rs ec t i o n d ow n the fr o n t o f the l eg T eeth a r e the on l y i n s et s The . .

    Hi v a Oa e x a m p l es s h ow the s t y l e to b e o f h o r iz o n t a l b a n d s e x t en d i n g
    a r o u n d th r ee q u a rte r s o f the l e
    g the i n s i d e fro n t q u a rt e r b e i n g fi ll e d
    ,

    w i th tr i a g l es in the Nu k u H i v a s t y l e ( P l X X X IV e j )
    n i n d i c at i n g p e .
    ,
    -
    , ,
    r

    h a p s a b o rr ow i g fr o m the h ea v y bl a c k p a t c h es o f th a t gr ou p The th i gh
    , n .

    b a n d a n d the u n d er k n ee b a n d a re a l wa ys c o mp o s e d e i th e r o f fou r tr i a n g l es
    o r o f tr i a n g l e s a n d p a r a ll el ogr a m s w i th i n s et s o f t ee th ; b u t b ey on d th i s ,

    th i s s t yl e is t o t a ll y d i ffe ren t fro m the Nu k u H i v a ex a mp l e v a r i a t i o n s o f ,

    the s a m e fi n e l i n e m ot i v e s u s e d i n H i v a O a fo r w o m e n b e i n g s et i n t o

    pa hi to so th a t the h ea v y b a n d s b eco m e m e r e l y a fr a m e wo rk fo r th e m .

    The N k u H i v a p a tt e r n d r a w n fr o m l i f e s t a n d s q u i t e a p a rt fr o m th a t
    u

    p i c t u r e d b y e a r l y n a v i ga t o r s ( 10 pp 1 1 7 1 19 ; 1 6 Pl 1 3 2 ) a n d d es c r ib e d
    , .
    , , .

    b y a m o d e r n i n f o r m a n t o n F a t u H i v a ( S ee Pl X X I X ) I t is a p i t y th a t n o . .

    o th e r l i v i n g e x a m p l e o f the w o rk o f a Nu k u H i v a a rt i s t co u l d b e f ou d n ,

    a s i t is u s a f e to m a k e a y g e n e r a l s t a t e m e n t a b o u t i t
    n n .

    At the p resen t t i m e th e r e is b u t o n e t y p e o f b a c k d ec o ra t i on for men


    ,

    ( Pl X I V C ) : e i ght h ea v y r ec t a n g u l a r pat c h es a rr a n g e d in p a i r s a l o n g the


    .
    ,
    H a n dy —
    Ta tto oin g in the M a r q u es as 23

    b a c k bo n e wi th fin e l i n e i n s et s an d g i rd l e T h e s e
    a . a re ca ll e d peka tua ,
    b a c k c r os s , by an i n fo rm a n t of Nu k u H i v a a n d m a y
    tgr o w th o f be an ou

    the c r os s on the b a c k d es c r ib e d b y La n gs d o r ff ( 1 0 p th ou gh the ,


    .

    pr e s en t mo d e b ea r s n o r e s em bl a n c e to a c ro s s b e i n g r a th e r a no th e r ,

    e x a m p l e o f b a n d c o n s tr u c t i on .

    Wi th the b a n d c o n s t r uc t i o n o f the pr es en t d ay th en a re a s soc i ate d , ,

    ex a c t t e c h n i q u e p e rfec t s ymm e t ry a n e v i d en t u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f a n a t o my
    , ,

    a d fitt i g o f d e s i g n to the b o d y
    n n a n d mo t i v es w h i c h a re a k i n i
    ,
    n ame n

    an d f o rm a t i o n to th o se c a rv e d o n b o w l s p a dd l e s c a n o es a n d s i m il a r , , ,

    obj ec t s . The d i s t i n gu i s h i n g f ea t u r e s a cc o m p a n y i g the o bli q ue p a t c h t y p e n

    a r e i rr e g u l a r i t y n o s en se o f the d e s i g
    , a s a w h ol e n o fitt i n g o f the
    n ,

    m o t i v es to the b o dy n a t u ra li s t i c un i t s f us sy e l a b o ra t e no n a es th e t i c fi n e
    , , , ,
    -
    ,

    li n e i n s et s .

    A su rv ey o f th es e tw o t yp es o f b o d y d eco r a t i on l ea d s n a t u r a ll y to the
    s u gg e s t i on th a t th e r e w a s a f u n d a m e n t a l d i ff e r en c e o f c o n c e pt b e t w een the

    tw o gr ou p s r ega rd i n g the r ea son fo r its u s e P l a i n l y th e r e w a s a n .


    ,

    em ph a s i s u p o n en d u r a n c e a n d fo rt i t u d e in the m i n d o f the n o rth w e s t e rn e r

    w h e n he b r a v e d the p a i n o f a c om p l e t e l y p e rfo r a t e d s k i n ; w h il e the s ou th


    e a s t e r ne r l oo k e d u p on the a r t a s m o r e p u r el
    y d ec o r a t i v e D o r d illo n g i v es .

    the wo r d h e o e o a s m e a n i g w h a t i n s p i r e s h o rr o r ( in s p ea k i n g o f a
    ’ ’ “
    n n

    to c ry a l on g t i m e ; a n d th i s w o rd w i th th e a dd i t i on o f
    “
    and

    the phr a s e c o m p l et e l y c o v e r e d w i th t a tt oo i g
    “ ” “ ”
    i te ti ki m e a n s
    , I t is n .

    the p a i n o f w h i c h the p e o p l e o f the M a rq uesa s s p ea k t o d a y w h e n d i s

    p l a y i n g th e i r d ec o r a t i on s a n d i t m u s t b e a d m i tt e d th a t th i s is a s t rue in
    ,

    the on e gr o u p a s in the oth e r .

    The o n l y p r ac t i ca l r ea s on for t a tt oo i n g th a t w a s su gg es t e d b y l i v i n g
    i n fo r m a t s c a m e fro m a m a n o f Nu k u H i v a w ho in d e sc r ibi n g a n old
    n , ,

    m o d e o f the n o rth w e s t e rn gr ou p o f t a tt oo i n g h a l f of the en t i r e b o dy so li d


    bl a c k a cc ou n t s for th i s s t yl e b y sa y i n g th a t su c h a on e t u r n e d h is bl a c k
    ,

    s i d e t o w a rd s the en e m y d u r i n g a b a tt l e s o th a t he c ou l d n ot b e d is ,

    tin gu is he d o r r e c o g n i z e d .

    I n q u i ry i n t o the n a m i n g o f m o t i v e s m a y th r o w so m e l i ght u p on th e i r
    s i g i fi c a n ce
    n i the n a t i v e m i n d
    n Appr e c i a t i on o f the a n a t omy O f the
    .

    b o d y is o ft en o f s uc h p a r a m ou t i m p o rt a n c e a s to g i v e the n a m e o f the
    n

    b o d y p a rt to the mo t i v e w h i c h is fitt e d to i t the fa ti n a ( j o i n t ) o r k n ee ,

    j o i n t u r e p a tt e r n ( P l X XX IV f ) b e i n g a ca s e in p o i t The s a m e s en s e o f
    .
    ,
    n .

    bo d y fo r m is a ppr oac h ed fr om a s li ght l y d i ff e r en t a n g l e a s in the n a m i n g ,

    o f the b u tt o c k p a tte r n ti fa ( co v e r )
    , ( Pl X X XV c ) the c on v e x o f the .
    , ,

    b o d y p a rt r ese m bli n g the c o v e r o f a c a l a b a s h M ot i v es a r e s om et i m es .

    r e f e rre d to in p u r e l y t ec h n i c a l t e r m s o f f o r m : s u c h a s pa ka ( P l X XXV h) .
    ,

    a s p l i t e r ; k opi to ( P l
    n X XI I I A ( 1 l e ft a d r i ght ) z i gz a g ; o r in t e r m s o f
    .
    , , ,
    n
    24 B er n ice P . B is hop M us eu m — B u lletin

    the p a rt s th ey p l ay in the p a tt e r n a s a w h o l e su c h a s the hafa va ( Pl X B '


    , .
    , ,

    I g) ; b ea m s u pp o rt i n g the t i m b e r s o f a ho u s e w h i c h p e rfo rm s j u s t th i s
    , ,

    f u n c t i o n in the h a n d p a tt e r n ; or the i ti iti i ( Pl X XVI B h) w h i c h e nc i rc l es ’ ’


    .
    , ,

    th e l eg bi n d i n g t o ge th e r th e s i d e m o t i v es
    , .

    M a n y o f the d es i g n n a m es “ th en a r e n a m es g i v en b y a rt i s t s in t e rm s ,

    o f th e i r p a rt i c u l a r m e d i u m ; b u t m o t i v e s a r e a l s o n a m e d fo r obj ec t s in

    n a t u r e o r in the m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e o f w h i c h th e
    y w e r e p r ob a bl y o r i g i n a ll y ,

    n a t u r a l i s t i c c o p i es P r o m i n en t a m o n g th es e a r e the e h a ta ( Pl X X I I I B h )
    . .
    , ,

    o r m a n ; the n ih on iho pc a ta ( Pl 1 1 1 6 c ) o r s h a rk s t ee th ; the hi k u hik u


    ’
    .
    , ,

    a tu ( Pl X XX IV k ) o r b on i t o t a il s ; the
    .
    , pa kiei ( Pl X X B f ) o r c r a b ; the .
    , ,

    fa a m a n a ( Pl X V I h) or p a n d a n u s b r a n c h es ; the m a k a rn a k a ( Pl X X A c)
    ’
    .
    , .
    , , ,

    b ra n c h es ; the ka ka a ( Pl X X B c) li z a rd ; the po k a a ( Pl I X B a t b a s e
    ’
    .
    , , ,
    ’
    .
    ,

    o f fi n g e r s ) o r s h o u l d e r r es t fo r a c a rr i n g p o l e w h i c h is s o m e t i m e s re re
    y p ,

    s e n t e d w i th the c a rr y i n g p o l e i n th e s o c k e t a s in the fi n g e r m o t i v es o f

    PI I X C 1 .
    , , .

    A th i r d d ep a rt m en t o f n a m es s ee m s to r el a t e to l egen d s a n d b el i e f s ;
    s u c h b e i n g the m i 0 K e n o ( Pl X XVI A g c en t e r ) w a t e r o f K en a ; the .
    , , ,

    v a i ta k ee tu ( P l s a c r e d b a th i n g p l a c e o f c h i e f s ;
    ’
    XVI c) .
    , ,
    the t a i i n e a ina '

    ( Pl X X A d ) w a t e r m oo n ; the Poh u ( Pl X X I I B g c en t e r ) a l e g en d a ry
    .
    , , ,
    .
    , , , ,

    h e ro ; the pek e ou m ei a n d the fan a ua ( Pl X V c ) o r e v il s p i r i t s


    ’
    .
    , ,
    .

    Wh eth e r th e se a n d the n a t u r a l i s t i c m o t i v es ha d m a g i c a l s i gn i fi ca n c e is
    n o t k n o w n t o d a y th o u gh th e r e i s r e a so n to b e l i e v e th a t the fa n a u a w e r e
    ,

    p u t u p o n th e b a c k o f th i s o n e w o m a n to p r o t ec t h er fr o m th es e e v il
    sp i rits The o n l y p os i t i v e s t a t em en t r e g a rd i n g the s i g n i fi c a n c e o f ta ttoo m g
    .

    d es i gn in the M a rq u es a s th a t c a n b e m a d e u p on the b a s i s o f the d a t a


    a v a il a bl e t o d a y is th a t i t w a s co n s i d e r e d p u r el y d e co r a t i v e a t the t i m e o f

    the c es s a t i on o f the p r a c t i c e o f the a r t A n d i t is a s p u r e d es i g n th a t i t .

    s h ou l d b e s t u d i e d a n d a ppr ec i a t e d .

    I th
    ‘
    n x pl t i f th p l t
    e e thana m f th m t iv
    on o e t h giv by th
    a es e na es o e o es are o se en e

    p r w h b d i th y It i i m p i bl t r rt t l
    f th m j r i ty
    e so n s on fo se d o es e a re ou n . s oss e o s ecu e a cc u a e ra n s a

    ti on s o f d ige m
    a o f m t iv t d y i
    o es th h v b m
    n na es ro na es o a , s n ce e se a e eco e

    s i m ply m t th m Th na es m o giv h r e .ly t h w hi h k wl d g f


    e na es en e e a re on o se c a no e e o
    th l e g g an d i f rm t i
    ua fr m
    e an t iv d fr m D d ill
    n o a on m t m k r li bl
    o na es a n o or on s ee o a e e a e .
    26 B ern ice P . B is hop M u s eu m —
    B u l letin

    B IB LI OG RA P HY

    B ERC H O N , Le ta t o ua ge a ux I l es M a rq u i s es : Bu ll . S oc d An th r
    .
    ’
    .
    , v ol . 1, pp .
    99 -
    1 1 7,

    Pa ri s , 1 860 .

    C H A U IE T P ,
    I ERRE ,
    M a n u s c r i p t in p os s ess i on o f the C th l i a o c M i s s i on in the Ma r
    q ues a s .

    DORDI LLON I R , . .
    , G r a mma i re et d ic ti on n a i re de la l g an ue des I l es M a rq u i s es ,

    r
    Pa i s , 1 904 .

    F R TER G A
    O S ,
    .
    , Vo y g r a e o u n d th e Wo rl d : v ol . 2, Lo n d on , 1 7 77 .

    FOR TE J R
    S R, . .
    , Ob rv t i se a on s ma d e d u ri g n a v o y a g e r ou n d th e Wo rl d , Lon d o n ,

    1 7 78 .

    GARCI A M ATH I A S Le P ,
    .
    , Le tt re s sur l es I l es M a rq u i s es : Pa r i s ,
    1 843 .

    J R I N Ed é l t t
    A D , es a n , Es sa i sur l lI is to i r e
    ’
    na u e t r ll e de l
    ’
    a r c h ip e l d e s Ma rq i u s es , Pa ri s

    t C h rb
    e rg e ou , 1 86 2 .

    K RU S EN S TER N A V o ya g e J r ou n d the w rl d i th r 1 803 , 1 804 , 1 805 ,


    y ea
    Ri
    , . . v on, o n e s

    a n d 1 806 , v ol 1 t an s a ed f
    .
    , r lt r om th e o r igi l G rm na e an by c ha rd Be lgr v a e

    Hopp n er , Lo n d o n , 1 8 1 3 .

    LAC A S S A ON E A ,
    .
    , Le s T t a oua g e s ét u d e
    , an thr op o o l giq ue et m d i coé -
    lé g la e : Pa ri s

    1 88 1 .

    LA N CS DORI-E,
    ‘

    G H . . v on , V oy a g es a n d t a v e s in v a i o u s p a r l r rt s o f th e w rl d
    o du ri g n

    th e y r ea s 1 803 , 1 804, 1 805 1 806 a n d 1 807 Lo n d on


    , 1 8 13 , , , .

    M ARC H AN D ETI EN N E V oy a g e t r d u M o n d e p en d a n t le s
    R
    , , a u ou a n n e es 1 790, 1 79 1

    et 1 79 2, v ol . I ,
    Pa ri s an VI — V III [ 6th to 8th y e a s r of th e epu bl i c— 1 7 97

    M ELVI LLE H ER M AN , , Om o o , a na rr t iv a e of ad v en tu re in the S o u h S ea s t : Ne w


    Yo rk ,
    1 863 .

    M ELVI LLE H ER M A N A ly i l i fe d u r i n g r mo n t ’
    , , Ty p ee , p eep at Po n es a n a fo u hs
    r id
    es i v ll y f th M rq
    en c e n a a e o e a u es a s , Ne w Yo rk 1 87 6 , .

    P R ER D
    O T I A v y g i th S t h S
    ,
    AV D, o a e n e ou ea s , Lo n d o n ,
    1 823 .

    Q UI S PE O FE N N E d Th V y g
    RO ,
    DR R A D Z e, e o a es o f Pe d r Fr
    o e na n d e z de Q ir u os, 1 5 95

    to 606 H k l yt S
    1 d :v l a u oc 2n se r .
    , o s . I 4, 15, t l t
    ran s a e d an d e d i t d by
    e S ir
    Cl m t M rk h m L d
    e en s 9 4 a a
    ,
    on on, 1 0 .

    RI EN I M G L D m y d O e i
    Z , . . . o en e, c an c ou c in q u ié m e pa rt i e du M on d e , v ol . 2.

    P ri a 863 s, 1 .

    S TEW A RT, C . S .
    , A vi s i t to th e t
    S o u h S e a s in the U S . . S hi p V i n c e n n es d u ri g n

    th e y r ea s 1 829 a n d 1 83 0, v o l . 1, Ne w Yo rk ,
    1 83 1 .

    V I NC ENDON D U M OU L N a n d D ES ORA z
    -
    I , C .
    ,
    I l es M a rqu i s e s ou No uk a H iv a h i s —
    , t ir
    o e,

    ge o gra p h ic , m oe u s P a i s 1 843 r , r , .
    Ha n d y —
    Ta tto oin g in the M ar q u es a s 27

    A NA T I O N OF PLAT ES E X PL

    ( F r m d r w i g by th t h r x p t w h r t h rw i i d i t d )
    o a n s e au o e ce e e o e se n ca e .

    PLATE I P H OTOC RA P H S OF A TATTOOED M A N OF TH E M A RQU E S A S


    .
    — .

    Th p tt r h l f th b d y f T H iv O m t f lly
    ’
    e a f E t f e ns O on th a e o o o a a O a a a, a a— e os u

    t tt d m
    a oo e i th M rq an by th t h r th m t iv b i g br g ht t
    see n n e a u esa s e au o — e o es e n ou ou

    by p i t i g th m w ith bl k p i t Id t i l p tt r
    a n n e th p i t d h lf f th ac a n . en ca a e ns on e un a n e a o e

    b dy d r i th p h t g r p h
    _

    m
    ’
    an s t pp o o no a ea n e o o a .

    P L AT E I I PH OTOGR A P H S OF A TATTOOED WO M A N OP T H E M A RQU ES A S


    .
    — .

    Ty p i l m d r p tt r f w mca th o b dy f T k
    e n t At O
    a e ns or o en , on e o o uu a en a a u na,

    H iv Q A Fr t
    a d id
    a z i w ff h w i g l ip
    . d on p tt r B E
    an Fr t s e V e o a ce, s o n an ea r a e ns .
    -
    . on

    an d r r vi w eafl g h w i g p tt e th p i t d p rt i
    s o e s s o n a e rn s o n e a n e o on s .

    P LATE I II FA CE P ATTER N S FOR M EN .


    —
    .

    Ex m p l f th H iv O tyl f t h r h r i z t l f b d ti t p A
    ’
    a es o e a a s e o ee o on a a ce an s, a i a u: 1 . n

    un fi i h d x m p l fr m P M
    n s e e H iv O a Fr m H k H t U P
    e o h w ua a u,
    ’
    a a —
    . 2 . o a a e au, a ou , s o

    i g
    n t m t iv
    eh a a ( ) 3 Fr m H k H t o U P e h wi g a h lf b.
    d— th . o a a e an , a ou , s o n a a an on e

    f r h d
    o e 4 Fr m H k t
    ea —
    U H k . h w i g th m t iv o ti k i ( ) k ik t ( b)
    o a u, a u a, s o n e o es d e a ,
    o rn a a ,

    ti k i p ( ) d p ih
    u (i
    c t i ) 5 Fr m P M
    , an H iv O
    ar h wi g o b d n se n c .
    —
    . o ua a u,
    ’
    a a, s o n a an

    o v er y m t ( )
    on e d m th b d
    e e, t k h ( b) a a 6 Fr m V i P a U ,
    an a ou an , nu u a a .
    —
    . o a a ee , a

    H k h w i g th m t iv
    u a, s o h ( ) m t ( b)
    n ih ih p t ( l ft )
    e o m es va a na ao a , a a , n on o ea a c e , na e

    un k w ( ight ) d t i l f r ight ( )
    no n c, d th k ik t ( d )
    r 7 fr m V i P
    , e a o c e , an e u u .
    —
    . o a a ee ,

    U H k a 8 Fr m H u a U H k
    .
    — . o a ne , a u a .

    PL ATE I V F A CE P ATTER N S F OR M EN .
    —
    .

    Ex mp l H iv O tyl f thr h r i z t l f b d ti ti p ’ ’
    f tha es o e a a s e o ee o on a a ce an s, a o u

    1 .Fr m O m o F t H iv Fr m H oa , F t H iv a u h wi g i t rb d a .
    —
    2 . o an av ava , a u a, S o n on n e -
    an

    th ih ih
    e p t
    n m t iv
    on 3 Fr m H tiho N k H iv
    ea a ( ft r k t h by o e —
    . o a eu , u u a a e a s e c

    E S H dy )
    . .
    4 Fr m A k p N k H iv ( ft r
    an .
    —
    k t h by E S H d y )
    . o
    ’
    a a a, u u a a e a s e c . . an .

    5 Fr m H
    . V
    o F t H iv h w i g d t il f
    an a h i l i k d ig
    a v e, ( ) 6 Fr m a u a, s o n e a o a c a n e es n a .
    —
    . o

    H V an a F t H iv th t hr b d h r
    a v e, ll d
    a u wh l t p 7 Fr m H k
    a, e ee an s e e ca e as a o e ou ae .
    —
    . o a a

    H t U P
    e an , h wi g m t ( )
    a ( b) kik i p ( )
    ou, s t o( d) d t il f b ( )n a a a , v eo ,
    u c , en a a ,
    e a o e ,

    d t il
    e a f d ( f) 8 Fr m H
    o m i N k H iv ( ft r
    .
    — k t h by E S H
    . dy)
    o oo u ,
    u u a a e a s e c . . an .

    9 Fr m H p
    . o N k H iv ( ft r aak t h by E S Ha, dy ) u 0 d u Fr m a a e a s e c . . an .
    —
    1 an 11 . o

    H a k a H a u Ua P ou ,
    .

    PL ATE V FA CE A ND H EA D P ATTER N S FOR M EN


    .
    —
    .

    Ex a mp l es o f v a r i o u s s ty l es o f d i f e re n t p e r i o d s : 1 F ro m H a n a I a p a H iv a Oa .
    , ,

    s ho w i n g a n u n u s ua lly s ha p e d e y e b a n d a n d u n fin i s h e d m o u t h b a n d From
    j
    an 2 —
    .

    Atu Ona H iv a Oa s ho w i n g s ho u l d e r a n d c hes t p a tt e rn s m ou n t i n g the n eck to o i n


    , ,

    the fa ce b a n d s 3 From H a k a H a u Ua P o u : a n u n fi n i s he d pa tt e rn s ho w i n g the


    —
    .
    , ,

    p rob a bl e s e q u e n c e o f e x e cu t i o n on e ey e b e i n g a ll o w ed to hea l W h i l e h a l f o f the


    —

    m o u t h w a s d on e a n d so o u 4 F ro m H a a K u t i Ua Po u ( a ft e r a s k e t c h by
    ’
    —
    , .
    ,

    E S Ha n d y ) 5 Fr o m Ta i o H a e Nu k u H iv a o n e o f tw o e xt a n t e x a mp l es s ho w
    .

    —
    .
    . .
    , ,
    .

    in g th e Nuk u H iv a s tyl e o f a n o bl iq u e b a n d ( pa he k e) c r o s s i n g the fa ce 6 A fo rme r —


    .

    H iv a Oa p a tt e rn ( a ft e r a d esc ri p t i o n by a n A t u o n a i n fo r m a n t ) 7 An ol d p a tt e rn .
    —
    .

    fo r w a rr i o r s o f a l l the i s l a n d s ( a ft e r a d es c r i p t i o n by a n i n fo rma n t o f Fa t u H iv a .

    8 A va r i a n t o f the ti a ti o p w i t h n o s tr i l s co v e re d b e l on gi n g to Fa tu H iv a a n d
    ’ ’
    . u, ,

    ca ll
    ihu epo ( a f e a sk e c h
    ed E S Ha n d ) — 9 A p a e n fo m e t r u se d on th e t by . . y . . tt r r rly
    c o r w n o f th e h e a d ( a f e a p a i n i n g o n a s cu p u e d fig u e t r
    h i c h o n ce s e v e d a s a t l t r r w r
    t
    ho u s e p o s in Ta a O a H iv a Oa a n d i s n o w in p o s s es s i on o f M C ha d o u r n e o f
    ’
    , , .

    Pa p ee e, a hi i t T t
    1 0 Th e h u e epo p a e n , a n e a mp e o f a fo m e
    —
    . s e o f th e p eo p e tt r x l r r tyl l
    o f Ta i o H a e Nu k u H iv a ( a f e a d e sc i p i o n
    , a Nu k u H iv a i n fo m a n ) — 1 1 An tr r t by r t . .

    o l d Nu k u H iv a p a e n ( a f e a d e s c i p i on tt r
    a n i n fo r m a n t o f Fa u H iv a ) tr r t by t .
    28 B er nice P . B is hop M u s eu m -
    B u lletin

    PL ATE V I .
    -
    HEAD A ND S H OU LDER PATT ER NS FOR WO M EN .

    A . Typ i ca fa ce p a l tt r f w m
    e ns lip m rk or o en : a s, k on ih o, and an ea r pa tt r e n,

    o m u a p ua i n a

    j
    .

    B . Ab an d ac oss r the a r m us t b l w th f ll e o e a of th e s hou ld r e , on a w o man of


    Ta i p i V a i Nuk u H iv a ( a e a s e c
    -
    , S Ha n d ) ft r k t h by E . . y .

    C . Ea r p a e n s : 1 On a tt r o ma n o f H a k a u i , Nu k u H iv a — 2 O f Atu O n a , H iv a
    . w . .

    w
    Oa , s ho i n g the o mu o pu a i n a d es ign a o un d the o e a n d the k ea d e s ign a t r l b
    the b
    a c k o f th e c a n — 3 O f Ta i p i V a i s ho i n g the pu a in ga d e s ig n ( a f e a .
    -
    , w tr
    t
    sk e c h b y E S Ha n d ) -
    4 O f P u a M a u H iv a O a s ho i n g a ou n d the
    .
    ’
    . y . .
    , , w r
    l b
    o e the a n ia tiu ( a n iha u pek a , D o r d ill on ) m o iv e a n d a ck o f the e a r the t b
    ’
    po opi to u a pu a ina —
    5 O f H iv a Oa —
    6 o m a n s p a e n on a man o f P ua
    ’
    . . . . Aw tt r -

    M a u Hiv a Oa— a a e o cc u en ce
    '
    , r r rr .

    PLATE V I I .
    —
    HA ND PATTER N S M OTIVES F R OM F ATU H IVA A ND T A HU ATA. .

    A . On a oma n o a uw a : e ac o e an f F t H iv
    — 2 e 1 Th
    a ,b k f th h d
    s o Th p l m h w . .

    in g the pa r iho o e on e un e r r s a ou n e am t iv
    , th
    e a ad w i t r
    a , e d th p l m th m t ( ) th
    ta ma u ( b ) , a n d the pa r i h o ( c) .

    B . T
    On a w o m a n o f a hu Ata : 1 The a ck , s ho i n g the pok a a mo iv e a t th e . b w ’
    t
    ba s e o f the m i d d e fi n g e l
    th e piha u ( tu m u i ma La n gs d o r f ) ( a ) a n d the r , ,

    ma ta ( b) 2 Th e u n d e r w r is t.
    —
    .

    P LAT E V I I I — . HA N D PA TTER N S . M OTIVES F OM R NUKU H IVA A ND H IVA O A .

    A . On a m a n o f Nuk u H iv a .

    B . On a w
    o m a n o f H iv a Oa s ho i n g the tain a v a u mo iv e e , w t b tw e en the th um b
    a n d in d e x
    fin g e e tu a Poou ( a ) , ti i k a o ( b) a n d the pa ar ,
    ’

    ,
    n ih o ( c) r
    a ou n d

    the p a m l .

    P LATE I X .
    —
    TTER N S M OTIVES F RO M F ATU H IVA A ND T A HU ATA
    HA N D PA . .

    A l d p tt r f F t H iv ll d k hi ( ft r d r w i g m d by ol d ’
    . A n O a e n o a u a ca e o u a e a a n a e an

    f F t H iv ) h w i g fi g r m t iv ; fi g r d pp r
    ’
    t h
    u ana o m t
    a u a , s o n n e o es, a a va u n e an u e

    h d an i t i l iv t k h ; p i i ( ) ; l w p i i ( b) ; h i p i i
    un s nc us e, nu u a a o
    ’ ’
    a a o
    ’ ’
    e
    ’
    o
    ’

    and h i t h ( d) r d th p l m
    e
    ’
    a ava a a ou n e a .

    B O th l ft h d f w m f T h At (f th d ig h r ight
    Pl t X A )
    . n e e an o a o an o a u a or e es n on er

    h w i g th p k m t iv t th b f th fi g r ;
    ’
    h d an s ee a e , ,
    s o n e o a a o e a e ase o e n e s

    p o i i ( a ) P o hu ( b) , a n d the eia v a u ( c )
    ’ ’ ’
    the ,
    .

    C . On a w
    o m a n o f H iv a O a d o n e b y a tu hu n a o f Fa u H iv a : 1 T he ack o f , t . b
    the ha n d s h o i n g th e c en a o v a w
    th e pa i i m o iv e ; th e p o k a a a t the a se tr l l ,
    ’ ’
    t ’
    b
    o f the fi n g e s a n d th e r
    h u m ; ma tu a hee m oa ( a ) a ma opea e ee n the t b ,
    b tw
    thu m an d i n d e b x r
    fin g e ; a n d the fa n a u a ( b —
    2 The p a m s h o i n g th e , . l w
    t r l
    fa n a u a m o iv e a ou n d the p a m the po i i ( a ) a n d the pia o l i n ( b) ,
    ’ ’

    ,
    .

    PL ATE X .
    —
    HA N D P ATT ER N S M OTIVES F R O M T A HU ATA . .

    A . On w m
    a f T h At o Th b k
    an f th h do a u a : 1 . e ac o e an , s ho wi g n the k a
    ’
    ava

    mo e a t iv t th b
    e ase o f th m i d d l
    e e fi g r t th wri t k
    n e o e s ou u ( a ) pok a a ( b) , ,
    ’

    ,
    ’

    m oh ov a ha ( c ) an d the ma te ( d ) — 2 The u n d er w r is t k ou a e hi ( a )
    ’
    . . .
    , ,

    B On a oma n o f w
    a h u A ta T
    ( The ta oo i n g w a s d on e b y the s a me tu h u n a tt
    X
    . .

    w hos e w r
    o k is s h o n in P a e s , A a
    n d I X, B ) 1 The w
    a ck , s h o i n g the lt . . b w
    mo t iv es pa p u a ( a ) , e tu a p oo u ( b) pa k a ( c ) k a a v a ( cen e ) , fa n a ua ( e) P ohu
    , ,
    ’
    tr ,

    ( f) , a nd ka
    ’
    ake ( g) .
    — 2 Un d e rw r is t s h o i n g the m o iv es pa a n iho a o u n d the
    , w t r
    l
    p a m ; pa pu a ou ti ( b) ,
    a n d the v a i o K e n o ( c) .

    PLAT E X I .
    —
    HA N D PA TTER N S . V AR I A NT M OTIVES .

    A . P ri ip lnc a un i ts on th e h a n d o f a w o ma n of Nuk u Hiva , s ho wi g n th e mo t iv es

    n i a ta p u to n a ( a ) k ea ( b ) , ,
    a nd the ma ta i a ( c ) ( Af e . tr a Sk e ch t b y E S Ha n d y . . .
    )
    B . Ar r e p esen a i on o f a tt b i rd on th e u n d e r w r is t o f a w o ma n o f Nuk u H iv a .
    Ha n d y —
    Ta ttooin g in the M ar q u es as 29

    C . Pa tt re n on tw o men of Ua P ou .

    D . On a ma n H iv a O a
    of , t tt i g
    a oo n d on e b y a tu hu n a of Fat u H iv a ( a f e tr a

    sk e c h t by E S Ha n d y )
    . . .

    E . On the un d er w r is t o f a w oma n of H iv a Oa , a n u n usua l k ea m o t iv e .

    P L ATE X I I .
    —
    AR M A ND B R EAST P AT TE N S FOR R M EN . EVOLUTI ON A RY TY PES .

    A . ty l f F t Hiv ( ft r
    An ol d s e o a u a a e a d r w i g by
    a n a tu hu na o f F t H iv ) h wa u a s o

    i g br t tr i p ti i h k ’
    n ea s s es , e e .

    B A l d ty l
    . f N k H iv ( ft r
    n o s e o u u a a e a sk e c h t b y E S Ha n d y f
    . . r o m the d es c i p ion r t
    f rt i t f F t H iv )
    o an a s o a u a .

    C D t il d d r wi g f A h wi g
    . e a e a n o , s o n the mo t iv esk ea ( a ) , the etu a pooi ( b) , the
    ( e) , a n d the v i i po i i ( d a n d e)
    ’ ’ '

    po k a a o r pa ki ta ( c ) fa a ma n a ( d ) ipu a o
    ’ ’
    .
    , ,

    D . r
    The p e sen s e : u n d e a r m ipu o to ; t tyl r -
    ,
    s ho u d e l r
    d i sk , pu ha pu a ka ; c hes , t
    k a m o c hu
    ’
    .

    E . t l rw
    De a i e d d a i n g s o f B s ho i n g the mo iv es w t n ih o n i h o ( a) , po i i ( b
    ’ ’

    , c ) .

    PLATE X I II .
    —
    ARM PA TTER NS F OR M EN . T Y P I CA L M ODE N M O R TIVES ,
    ipu o to .

    A . On a ma n o f Ua Huk a .

    B . t r
    On h ee m en o f Ua Po u s ho i n g a v a i a n t o f the a mp i mo iv e the po ka a ( a )
    ’
    w r r t t , ,

    T r
    h ee p a i s o f s q ua i s h ov a l s s im il a r to ho s e i n A c om r r t
    ' '

    a n d the e na ta ( b) .
    ,

    t
    p l ete h i s a rm p a e n tt r .

    C . t
    On a ma n o f Fa u H iv a s ho in g the mo iv es pu a in a ( a) ; ti i o ok a ( b)
    ’
    w t
    t r r
    the h e e pa i s o f o v a s , ipu o to ; the a r m p it u n i l
    ipu a o ; pok a a ( c ) ; a nd -
    t ,
    ’

    eh a ta ( d ) .

    PLATE X IV .
    —
    B ODY PATTER N S F OR M EN . O LD A N D N Ew TY PES .

    A . An u n fi n i s hed e a e o uk u H iva x mp l fr m N
    p i ca o f a l l s a n s a t the p esen , ty l i l d r t
    t w
    i me, s ho in g the a r m- p it d es ign ipu k a tu a n d c he s teeva , t , .

    B . yl b
    An Old st e in a ck a n d s i d e p a e n s f o m Fa u H iv a ( af e a d a i n g b y tt r r t tr rw
    a ta hu n a o f Fa u H iv a ) s h o i n g a c k p a c hes t
    pa hi to ; ipu o to ( a ) ; pa ki ta w b t ,

    ( b) ; ma ta ( c) ; ma ta ( d ) ; k ohe tu a ( e) , a gi d e a n d l eg s i p e r l tr .

    C . b
    A n u n fin i s he d a c k p a e n pek a tu a f o m Nu k u H iv a b u t co mmo n to a l l tt r , , r
    the Ma q ue sa s i s a n d s r
    On Ua P ou hi s pa e n is c a e d m oh o l . t tt r ll .

    PLATE X V .
    -
    A B AC K PA TTER N F OR WO M EN
    A gi rd l e on a ch e fe s s i of Nu k u H iv a , s ho wi g n the mo t iv es ho o lee
    ’

    ( a) ,
    ma ta ( b) ,
    and fa na u a ( c ) .

    PLAT E X V I .
    —
    LEO MO TIVES F OR W O M EN .

    M o t iv e s fo rme rl y u s e d in Fa t u H iv a : k on ih o ( a ) ma ta h oa ta ( b) , , va i ta kee tu
    ( c) pa n a o ( d ) i k ei k e ( e) hei po i i ( f) a k a a k a fa a ( g) fa a ma n a ( h)
    ,
    ’

    , ,
    ’ ’
    ,
    ’

    ,
    ’
    w r o n on the
    in n e r ank e, l ma ta om o e
    ’
    ( i) w r o n on th e i n s id e of th e k n ee , l ik e the p es e n r t pa ki ta ,
    pu ha ta hi ( j) w r bl w o n e o the kn ee on the i n s id e of the l eg , eia v a u
    ’
    ( k) w r o n on the

    in s i d e o f th lf t k
    e ca , nu u a ha MW ( m) w r o n on the in side of th e l e g a o e the b v
    a nk e l (a ft r d r w i g b y
    e a n s a tu k u n a of Fat u H iv a ) .

    PLATE TTER N FOR WO M EN


    XV I I .
    —
    A LEG P A .

    Th ly rvivi g x mple onf k w su n e a e, so ar as no n, of an old s t yl e of Nuk u Hiv a .

    A Fr t .d i d vi w f th l ft l g
    on an s e e s o e e e .

    B B k d i d vi w
    . f th r ight l g
    ac an s e e s o e e .

    PLATE X V II I A LEG PATTER N FOR W OM EN —

    h w i Pl t XV I I A
    . .

    D t a i l f th m t iv
    e o e o es s o n n a e , .
    30 B er n i c e P . B is hop M u s eu m — B u lletin

    PLATE X I X — DETA 1L ED TUDI ES


    S OF A L EG PA TTER N F OR WO M EN
    X
    . .

    A O f m otiv es in P a e V II , B l t
    X
    . .

    B t
    B a ck hig h u n i s o f o h e g s of p at e n s in P a e t VII b t l t r lt
    X
    . .

    C A l
    . n k e m o iv e s o f th e t
    ig h l eg o f pa e n in P a e V I I , the r t tt r lt res t of th e a n k e l
    a n d fo o p a t e n t
    e i n g i d en i ca t r b
    w i h those o f the e f t l t l t .

    PLAT E XX .
    —
    A L EG P ATT ER N F OR WOM EN .

    De t a i l o f th e r ight l g m t iv f
    e l d tyl o es o an o s e Of Ua P ou , the o n ly su rv ivi g n

    e x amp l e to b e foun o d t d ay .

    A . F ro n t : pa k a ( o) , mota i o ( b ) , m a k a ma k a ( c) , v a i me a mo ( d ) , h on u ( e)
    ’

    pa i i ( a) k a a k e ( b ) , ka k a a ( c) , ma ta ia ( d ) , v a i m e a ma ( e) , pokies ( f) ,
    ’ ’ ’ ’
    B
    ’
    . B a ck : ,
    -

    [ m ( g) .

    PL ATE XX L— A TTER N F OR WO M EN LEG PA .

    D t i l f th l ft l g m t iv
    e a o f th p d i g x mp l
    e e e o es o e r ec e n e a e
    A Fr t k kl m t ( ) k k ( b) p k i i ( ) i m m ( d)
    ’ ’
    . t on , n ee o an e : a e a ,
    a a e , o e c ,
    va e a a .

    kl k ( ) m t i ( b) i m m ( )
    ’ ’
    B B k k. t ac k
    ,
    n ee o an e : o a e a , a a a , va e a a c .

    C G r l i w f th l ft l g
    . en e a V e o e e e .

    D A kl b d
    r l i w f th ig ht l g f w hi h d t i l i h w i Pl t XX
    . n e an .

    B G . en e a V e o e r e , o c e a s s o n n a e .

    PL ATE XX II A LEG PATT ER N F OR W O M EN


    . TH E M ODER N TY P E
    -
    . .

    Typ i al m t iv i d ica t i g th
    c l r f th tatt i ng a i t app r
    o es th
    n sk i n e co o o e oo s ea s on e n .

    A B k p tt r ( l ft ) k k ( t r ) m t h t ( b) k k ( ) ’ ’
    . va i poh
    ac a e n : u a, e , a o e a , c en e , a a oo a , a a e c .

    h oa ta ( d ) , ipu a n i ( e) , v a i o K e no ( f) , ma ta ho a ta ( g) , ka a k e ( h) a n d ( j) ,
    ’
    n i a ta

    P o hu ( i) , ipu a n i ( k , c en e ) , k a a k e ( It , e f a n d ig h )
    ’
    t r l t r t .

    B . r t t r
    F on p a te n : ni a l a h oa ta ( a) , po ok ohe ( b, e f an d r ig h ) , k eo ( b, c en e ) ,
    ’
    l t t tr
    l t r
    ka a ke ( c, e f an d igh ) , pa hito ( d , e f a n d igh ) , ipu a n i ( d, c en e ) ,
    ’
    t l t r t tr
    m a ta me i n ei ( e) , k a ok e ( f, e f a n d igh ) , v a i o Ken o, some i mes ca e d
    ’
    l t r t t ll
    pa tio h ue o r pek e ou m ei ( f, c en te ) , P ohu ( g, c en ter ) , ma ta h oa ta ( h) , r
    l t
    pa hito ( i an d j , e f a n d ig h ) , ka a k e ( i a n d j, c en e ) , ipu a n i ( k) , ma ta
    ’
    r t tr
    h oa ta ( I) , e tu a po ou, some i me s P o hu ( m) t .

    PLAT E XX II I .
    —
    A L EG PA TTER N FO R WOM EN . A VARI A NT ARR A N GEM ENT ON

    A WO M A N OF PUA MA U H IVA 0 A ’
    , .

    A . Fr on t tt r
    k o o k e ( a , e f an d r ig h ) , ma ta h oa ta ( a , c en e ) , a n ia tiu ( b,
    pa e n :
    ’
    l t t tr
    l t
    ef an d r ig ht )
    ’
    , ha a k e ( b , c e
    n te ) , k opi k o ( d , e f a n d ig h ) , pa i i ( d , c en e ) ,
    ’
    r l t r t ’
    tr
    ( l ft r t
    ig h ) , ma ta h oa ta ( f, c e n e ) , Iea a k e ( g) , etua poou ( h) tr
    ’ ’
    k a a k e e, e and

    ma ta hoa ta ( i) , pa hi to ( j e ft a n d ig ht ) , pa k i ta ( k, eft a n d igh ) , k a a k e ( 1


    ’

    ,
    l r l r t
    ’ ’
    tr
    a n d k, c e n e ) , p a i i ( I) , mo ta h oa ta ( m) .

    B . tt r
    B a ck p a e n : ma to hoo ta ( a ) , k a a k e ( b) , ma ta h oa ta ( c) , po i i ( d ) , k a a k e
    ’ ’ ’ ’

    ( e) , moto h oota ( f) , k o a k e ( g) , pa a n ih o ( 11, a ou n d the foo )


    ’
    r t .

    PLAT E X X IV .
    —
    LEC M OTIVES F OR WO M EN .

    A an d C
    t il f . De a o up p e r th igh m o tiv es om i tte d from th e l eg b ut b r
    u n ed i n s t ea d
    b mb
    XX III
    p u on a oo .

    B . A g r l vi w en e a e sho wi g n h ow th e mo t iv es in P l at e a re a rrang ed
    -
    ou
    the l eg .

    PLATE XX V TTER N FO R WO M EN
    .
    —
    A L EG P A .

    Fr t d vi w f
    on an l b r t l g p tt r fr m P M
    r ea r h wi g e om s o an e a o a e e a e n o au a u, s
    ’
    o n a c

    bi ti f th fi
    na m t iv
    on o d h v y p t ch s s a ll y w r b y m
    e ne o es an ea a e u u o n en .

    PLATE X xVl A LEG PATT ER N FOR WOM EN .


    —
    .

    A D t i l d st d y f th e mot iv e i th fr t pa tt r
    . e a e f Pl t XXVu t“ k h o s n e on e n o a e : nu a o

    (o i l iv ) k ( -
    c t r ) k k ( b) k a ( c c t r ) p k i t ( d l ft
    n c us e , ea a, c en e , a a
    ’
    e , e , en e , a a , e
    H on d y —
    To tto oin g in
    -
    th e M a r q u es as 3I

    and right ) p , o
    ’ ’
    i i ( d, c en e t r) , ma ta h ooto ( e) , tu
    ’
    u po
    ’
    o, s o me tim e s va i o K en o
    on F t H iv
    a u K eno ( g cen ter ) k o o k e
    a ( f) , v ai o , ,
    ’

    (g ,
    l fte and r ight ) , mo ta h oa ta
    ( h) pohi to ( i a n d j e f a n d ig h ) ko ok e a n d
    , ,
    l t r t ,
    ’

    pe k e ou m ei ( i and j , cen e t r) ,

    b o i i ( k) , ma to h oa ta ( l) tu u p o o ( m)
    ’ ’ ’ ’
    .
    ,

    B . tt r
    B a c k p a e n : on ih o ( a ) pa k o ( b) pa hi to ( c) , , , popu o ( d ) , pa hito ( e) , mo ta
    h oa ta (f) p o i i ( g) , i ti i ti i ( h) , mo to h oa ta ( i) k o o k e ( j a n d l) , pe k e ou m ei
    ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’

    , ,

    ( k ) k o o k e ( m e f a n d ig h ) po i i ( m c en e
    ,
    ’
    ,
    l t r t ,
    ’ ’

    ,
    t r) .

    P LATE X XV I I TIVES FOR W OM EN V ARI A NTs .


    —
    LEG MO . .

    A B d C N t k h v ri t i
    , , an f th t h ig h p tt r
    . u u a a, a a on s o e a e n .

    D A b d . i r l i g th kl
    an f w m f N k H iv
    en c c n e an e o a o an o u u a .

    E A b d . i r l i g th kl
    an f w m f T h At
    en c c n e an e o a o an o a u a .

    F Om b .b d tl i i g th l f th f t f w m
    '

    o, a f U H k
    an ou n n e so e o e oo O a o an o a u a .

    P L ATE XX V II I LEG M OTIVES F OR WO M EN OTH ER VA RI ATI O N S.


    —
    . .

    A A l b r t p i i th k
    . n e a f w m f T h At
    o a e o
    ’ ’
    on e n ee o a o an o a u a .

    B A fr t h i p tt r
    . f on l rr g m t d mb i t i
    s n a e n o u n u s ua a an e en an co na on .

    [ N t th f th i
    o e K it id (
    e use o t r) d th mb i t i e va o e n o on s s e a , c en e , an e co na on o f

    m o to a n d v ai o K en o
    O A v ri t a an O f th e a n ia tiu Of P l t a e XX I II A : , l e ft a n d r ight (b an d c ) .

    D Cr d r p r t t i
    u e e es en a on s o f the po
    ’
    o oo
    ’
    ( fi s h ) fo un d on th e k n ees O f a w o ma n Of

    T h Ata u a .

    “ A p p r t h ig h m t iv pu hi w o ma n of T Ata
    a hu

    XX
    ? n u e o e, , on a .

    T
    a A l xt i
    n un u s u a e en s o n o f the k a
    ’
    ab e va r ( o) ,
    a ia n o f P a e t lt
    I I I A , It fou n d , ,

    w m f U H b i n d i n g m ot iv e r
    ( b) f o m Ua H u k a a v a i a n O f r t
    XXV
    on a o an o a un a ; a ,
    ’
    the i ti i ti
    ’
    i of Pla te I, B ,
    11 .

    P L ATE XX I X LEG M OTIVES F OR M EN —


    .

    M ot iv e s fo r m e rl y u se d in Nu k u H iv a : the k ohe to o r s w o rd ,
    t
    m o iv e c on s i s i n g, t
    of a gi rd l e a c ro s s the ba c k a n d a s tr i p e d o w n the s i d e o f the le g ( 0 b) , ,
    hi k u hik u a tu ( b) ,
    puo hi m mo ta h oa ta ( g)
    ’
    po hi to ( d ) , h u e to i ( e) , p o i i ( f) k a a b e ( h)
    ’ ’

    , ,
    a n d th e .

    ( A ft e r d ra w i n g s b y a n a i s o f Fa u H iva ) rt t t .

    PL AT E X XX — LEG F OR M EN M OTIVES .

    M ot iv es fo r m e rly u se d in Fa t u H iv a ( a ft e r d r a w i n g s by a tu h u n a o f Fa t u H iv a )
    a o fa n a u a w o rn o n the u pp e r fro n t t h ig h ( a ) ;
    ,
    m o to h oa ta ( b) [J ohi to ( c) v a i o K en o ,

    ( b a n d c) w o rn o n the b a ck o f the l eg b e l o w the b en d o f the kn ee ; popu a enu ta ( d )


    j
    , ,

    w o rn o n the i n s i d e c a l f u s t ab ov e the a n k l e ; ma to h oa ta ( e) w o rn o n the upp er t high ,

    a l o n g s i d e th e no fa n a u a ; ti i h o eh oe ( f) w o rn o n the b en d o f the k n ee ; po ko a ( g) ’
    ,
    ’

    w orn on the b a ck o f the ca l f ; m homho ( h) w orn on the i n s i d e cal f ; ko o k e [ mo


    ' '

    ,
    ’

    p ia o tiu ( k) w o rn a rou n d the a n k l e ; ti i k ok o o ( I) w o rn o n the


    ’ ’
    hu e a n d ik eik e (j ) , ,

    foo t .

    P LATE XX X I .
    -
    A L EG PA TTER N FOR M EN .

    The Nuk u H iv a s tyl e o f l g p tt r


    e d by a e n, on e a tu hu n a o f Nuk u H iv a and foun d
    on on ly
    on e m a n : o r n a m en a tlb d th th ig h
    an on e , pu hi pu ho ; the he a v y pa t c h es , poi
    poi i a .

    P LATE XXX I I LEG P ATTER N S .


    —
    F OR M EN .

    The H iv a Oa s tyl e in v og u e on , all the isla nds at the tim e O f th e d i sco n ti n u an ce

    of the a rt :

    A . S ide vi ew
    w i t h m t iv fr m U H k Th b tt k d i i d
    of a l eg o es o a u a . e u oc an ns e fr ton

    q rt r f th l g p tt r
    ua e l ki g io l i m d r x mp l e e a e n a re ac n , as s u s ua n o e n e a es .

    B . Fr t d i d vi w f l g w it h m t iv fr m F t H iv th i i d
    on an s e e s O a e o es o a u a, e ns e f r t on

    q rt r f th l g p tt r b l w th k
    ua e ob i g pr t e e a e n, e o e n ee , e n e s en .
    32 B er n ice P . B is hop M us e w m —
    B u lletin

    C . B a ck vi e w Of a l eg w it h mt iv o es r
    f om Ua Pou , the b tt
    u ock pa tt r b i g
    e n e n

    p r esen t .

    P LAT E XXX II I -
    A L EG P A TTER N F OR M EN

    XXX
    . .

    De ta i l ed s t u d y of P lt a e II , A : k ohe to ( a , b, and c ) k eo ( b)
    , ma ta i a ( c)
    , ,

    p u ta o
    ’
    ( d) , k a u tu pa ( e) , fotina ( f) , pa k ita i h po i i i n se
    ’
    wt ’
    t ( g) hik u hik u
    , a tu ( h) , pa hi to

    (i a n d j) ,
    a u ho i ( k) , topu v o e ( k a n d l) .

    P L AT E X XX IV A L EG PATTER N F OR M EN —

    XXX
    . .

    Det a i l e d s t u d y o f mo t iv es o n P l a t e I I B : k oh e to ( a a n d b) ; pu to o ( c) ;
    ’
    ,

    pa hito w i t h ma ta hoa ta k o a k e a n d tik i i n s et s ( d ) ; ma to w ho the ha l f o v a l ; pu a h ue


    ’

    , , ,

    ( e) ; fo tin a ( f) ; pa hi to w i t h po i i a n d k a a k e i n set s ( g) ; pa k o oto ( h i j) ; hik u hik u


    ’ ’ ’

    , ,

    b ok i to w i t h ma ta a n d k a a k e i n s et s ( l) ta pu w e ( m)
    ’
    a tn ( k) ; , , .

    PL AT E X XX V A L EG PATTER N FOR M EN —

    XXX
    . .

    A d et a i l ed st u d y o f the m ot iv es of Pl a t e II C : k olz e to ( o a n d b) ; tifa ( c) , ,

    t eh a ta a n d a k eo in the c e n t e r a t the b o tt o m ; b u to a ( d ) ;
    c o n ta i n i n g a m a ta h oa a
    ’

    , ,

    pa hz to ( e) fa tin a w i t h el a b o ra t e d o ubl e ro w s o f c ro s s b a rr e d t e et h i n s et ( f) ; pohito


    ‘

    ( g) ; pa k a ( h) ,
    in p l a ce o f th e u s ua l hik u hik u a tu ; b o k i to ( i ) ; topu voe ( j) ; a u ho i ( k) .

    P L ATE XXX V I — A L EG P A TTER N F OR M EN .

    An lb rt
    e a o a ed pa tt r e n o f the H iv a Oa s tyl f e ou n d Ua H uk a : k oh e tin e ( a c )
    at -
    ,

    co m p l i t d by tw m t t ( b d ) p t
    ca e o e a o an c ,
    u o o,
    ’
    l ight e n e d by a m a to i a i n s e t ( d ) pa k i ta ,

    br k by k k d p i i i t ( f)
    o en a a o
    ’
    e an a o
    ’ ’
    n se .

    P L AT E XX X V II A L EG P ATT ER N FOR M EN .
    —
    .

    A m r m p l i t d p tt r fr m H iv O
    o e co r d r d l m t l l ik ca e th a e n o a a, en e e a os as a ce e as os e

    for w m by th m r fi l i i t i th h v y p t h p t ( b ) w i t h
    o en e nu e ou s ne -
    ne n se s n e ea a c es :
    ’
    u o o a, , c,

    i t f
    nse s o b rr d t t h d bl r w f tik i d
    c r os s — a i K ; p hit w i t h m t
    e ee , ou e o s o ,
    an a va o e no o o a a

    h t k k d p ii i
    ’
    t ( d ) ; f ti w i t h m m i t ( ) ; b hit w i th p i i a d
    ’ ’ ’ ’

    t ( f) ; hik hik t ( g) w i t h fl r i h t th p i t ; p hit ( h) w h


    oo a , a o e, a n o nse s a na o n se e a a o n

    k i
    ’
    I
    zo a e n se s u n o u ou s es a e o n s a o ,
    os e

    s i mp l l i e l m t l t i th l b r t i t f i K
    n es a r e a d m t os os n e e a o a e n se s o va o eno a n a o .

    PL AT E XXX V II I LEG M OTIVES F OR M EN .


    —
    .

    A K h t fr m F t H iv
    . o e o o a u a .

    B A t h ig h p tt r fr m N k H iv ( ft r
    . k t h by E S H dy )
    a m t ( )
    e n o u u a a e a s e c . . an a a a ,

    hu e ( b)
    “

    ao .

    C . b
    TW O a n d s fo r th e fo o : pro oti u a n d k a k oo t .

    D . A n i n s i d e k nee mo iv e n to ta v oh o, f o m Fa u H iv a t , r t .

    E . and F nk e
    . A l b
    on e d ec o a i on s , na h oi rt
    C . l b r
    A n a n k e a n d f o m Fa u H iv a : Topu w e ( a) ; h ik u hik u o tu ( b) ; pa h ito ih t wt
    k o ok e n to ta to a n d tiki i n s e s ( c )
    ’
    , ,
    t .

    H . l b rt
    An e a o a e d pa hi to f o m Fa u H iv a i h ka ok e en a ta a n d ma ta i o i n s e s r t wt ’

    , , t .
    N CE
    I P . B IS H P
    O M US EU M B T
    U LL E NI x, P L AT E

    TATTOO I
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    S B LT
    UL E NI I , P LATE VI

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    D ES G N S I N T H E M A RQ UESA S
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    O M U EU M
    S
    B LT
    UL E NI I ,
    P LAT E VII

    TATTOO DES I G N S I N TH E MA RQU ES A S


    B ER N CE
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    U LE N I I , P L AT E X

    TATTOO I
    DES G N S I N T H E
    B ER N I c E P . B I S II O P M U EU M
    S B T
    U LLE N I I , P LAT E XVI

    TATTOO I
    D ES G N S I N T H E M A RQU ES AS
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    P LAT E XI X

    Of )
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    S B U LL

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    O M U EU M
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    U LLE N I I , P L AT E XXI II

    M HWIIM II WII W
    T ATTOO I
    D ES G N S I N T H E M A
    '

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    TATTOO DES I G N S I N TH E M A RQU ES A S
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    DES G N S I N T H E MA RQU ES AS
    X X X X

    TATTOO DES I G N S I N TH E MA RQU ES A S


    E A R LY R E F E R E N C E S T O H A WA I I A N
    E NT O M O LO G Y

    BY

    J . F I L L I N G W O RT H

    BE RN I CE P B I S H OP
    . M U SE U M
    B ULLETI N 2

    2 T 3> 0

    H ONOLU L U H A WA I I
    ,

    PU B L I S H ED B Y TH E M U S EU M
    I 9 23
    E a r l y R e fe r e n c e s T o H a w a ii a n E n to m o l o gy
    B y J F I L L I N G WO RTH . .

    I NT R O D UC T I O N

    Wh il e e x a m i n i n g rr a t i v es o f the ea r l y v oya ges o f the Pac i fi c I


    the na ,

    ca m e a c r os s s e v e r a l en t om o l og i c a l r e f e r en c e s s o i n t e r es t i n g th a t I d e c i d e d

    to e x t en d the s ea r c h a n d pr e s en t the r es u l t s in a fo r m m o r e r e a d il y a v a i l
    a bl e to w o rk e r s in th i s fi el d .

    A s the i n v es t i g a t i on p ro c ee d e d r e f e r en c es mu l t i p l i e d S O r a p i d l y th a t
    ,

    I de c i d e d to ca ll a h a l t w i th the y e a r 1 9 00 a s the n u m e r ous p a p e r s a p ,

    p ea r i n g S i n c e th a t t i m e a r e fa i r l y w el l k n o wn .

    I n pr e p a r i n g the bibli o gr a ph y a n e fi or t ha s b ee n m a d e to e x a mi n e a ll
    a v a il a bl e pr i n t e d m a tt e r d ea l i n g d i r ec t l
    y o r i n d i r ec t l y w i th H a w a i i b u t i t ,

    is n ot u n li k e l y th a t s o me r e f e r e n c es h a v e b een o v e r l o ok e d es p ec i a ll y in the ,

    e a r li e r w r i t i n g s o f the m i ss i on a r i es .

    It i s a p l e a s u r e to a c k n o w l e dge the a s s i s t a n c e r ec e i v e d p a rt i c u l a r l y in —

    rega rd to the mo r e r ec en t pu bl i ca t i o n s fr o m the p u bl i s he d bibli ogra ph y —

    b y D L Va n D i n e
    . . a n d fr o m the c a rd c a t a l o g u e s th a t h a v e b een

    gra du a ll y b u il t u p in Ha w a ii a n i n s t i t u t i on s .

    The s u bj ec t o f the d i s tr ib u t i on O f o rga n i s m s e s p ec i a ll y in the Pa c i fi c , ,

    ha s a m os t i m p o rt a n t b ea r i n g u p on ou r li f e he r e in the Ha w a ii a n i s l a n d s .

    Am on g i n s ec t s pr a c t i ca ll y a l l of ou r p es t s h a v e gra d ua ll y a rr i v ed a l on g
    ,

    the li n es O f comm e rc e ; a n d e v en n o w w i th ou r s tr i c t q u a r a n t i n e s y s t em , ,

    n e w o n es c o n t i n u e to g a i n a n e n tr a n c e e v e r y yea r .

    H en c e s uc h a r ev i ew O f the li t e r a t u r e is es p ec i a ll y i n t e r es t i n g a n d v a l u
    ,

    a bl e b ec au s e it a i d s in d et e r m i n i n g the t i m e o f i n tr o d uc t i o n a n d a l so the
    ,

    d i s tr ib u t i on o f the v a r i ou s o rga n i s m s fou n d in H a w a ii .

    D I S C U S S IO N OF T H E LI T ERAT U R E

    I n r ev i ew i n g th e w r i tt en h i s t o r y o f th ese i s l a n d s I n a t u r a ll y b e g a n w i th ,

    the a c cou n t o f the v o ya g e s o f C a pt a i n C oo k w ho d i s c o v e r e d the Ha


    w a iia n i s l a n d s in 1 77 8 D i li g en t s ea r c h f a il ed to l oc a t e a n y r e f er en c e to
    .

    i n s ect s a l th ou gh d og s h og s r a t s a n d bi rd s a re m en t i o n e d H o w ev e r in
    , , , ,
    .
    ,

    a s e p a r a t e n a rr a t i v W ill i a m Elli s the a s s i s t a n t s u rg eon o f th i s v oya ge o f


    e, ,

    1 778 ,
    i n d i c a t es c l ea r l y th a t a t l ea s t h o u s e fl i e s w e r e tr ou bl es o m e I n d e .

    s c r ibi n g the n a t i v es Ell i s sa ys ( I , Vo l I I p ,


    .
    , .

    Th y h v le a k i d f fly fl p m d
    e a so a n f O b h f f t h r fi x d t th
    -
    a , a e o a un c o ea e s e o e

    en d f
    O thi p i
    a f m th
    n ece o d p l i h d w d ; th y
    s oo an g r lly m d f th
    o s e oo e a re en e a a e o e

    1
    Th rfr
    e i p r
    e e en c e s th n r f r t w rk l i t d i th b i bl i g r p hy
    a en e s es e e o o s s e n e o a on

    pa ge s 1 9 to 50 .
    4 B er nice P B is hop . M u s eu m —
    B u lle tin
    t il
    a t
    fea her s o f the c ock b u t the e e so o f p eo p e h a v e he m of the trOp ic k b tt r rt l t
    bi d
    r s
    ’
    t r
    fe a he s o r ho se t bl
    e o n gi n g to a a ck a n d e o i d c a e d M O ho The bl y ll w b r ll -
    .

    l r r tl w t b t
    ,

    ha n d e is v e y f e q uen y m a d e O f the o ne s o f the a r m o r l eg o f ho s e h om hey


    ll b ttl r l
    ha v e k i e d i n a e , c u i o u s y i n a i d i h o o i se s he ; hese hey d eem e y v a l v r l w t t rt ll t t -

    u a ble a n d w ll
    i n ot pa rt w t t
    i h hem u n d e g ea p i c e hi s o n a m en is c o mmon to r r t r T r t .

    r r
    s up e i o s O f b t
    o h s e es x .

    La t e r Ca pt a i n Na th a n i e l Po rt lo c k r e f e rr e d to th es e b r u s h es ( 4 p 88 )
    , , .

    w h en d esc r ibi n g the s u pp l i e s p u r c h a se d fr o m the n a t i v e s :


    C ri it i t f d t h i r w y t m rk t d I p r h d tw v y r i
    u os e s, o o, ou n e a o a e an u c ase o er cu ous

    fly fl p
    — a th s, p p r p rt e u mp d f v ry b
    e a t i f l v r i g t d f th r ; th h d l
    co os e o e ea u u a e a e ea e s e an es
    w r h m b
    e e u an i l i d w i t h t rt i h ll i th
    on e , n a t t m r w hi h g v t h m o o s e- s e n e n ea es anne c a e e
    th e ppa r f fi
    ea a n c e d (v o r d ) w rk n ee re en ee e o .

    Ca pt a i n G e o rge D ix on w ho w a s a s s o c i a t e d w i th Po rt l oc k r e f er s to ,

    th es e Obj ec t s ( 3 p 272 ) a s fo l l o w s , .

    F ans d fly fl p an d by b th-
    a x s Th
    a refly fl p use v ry o se es e -
    a s a re e

    cu ri ; th h d l
    ou s e d an r t d w i t h lt r t p i
    es a re f w d d b
    eco a e w hi h a e na e ec es o oo an on e c
    a t a di t h
    s a n ce th pp r as f fi d w rk ; th
    e a pp r p rt
    e a a n ce fl p i th o n eere o e u e a or a s e
    f th r
    ea f th m
    e s o fw e b i rd an - o —
    ar .

    V a n c ou v e r a l s o m en t i o n s fly fla p s ( 6 V o l III p 4 2 ) for the d i s p e r s a l


    , ,
    -
    , .
    , .

    o f O ffen d i n g i n s e c t s ; b u t m a k e s n o f u rth e r re f e r e n ce s to en t o m o l o gy .

    App a r en t l y the fir st en t o m o l o g i ca l w o rk in Ha w a i i w a s d on e b y D oc t o r
    ,

    J oh a n n F r i e dr i c h Es c hschol tz w ho a t the a ge o f 22 in the c a p ac i t y of , , ,

    ph ys i c i a n a n d n a t u ra li s t a ccomp a n i ed the Ru ss i a n ex p l o r e r O tt o v o n K o t z e
    ,

    b u e on his fi r s t v o ya g e T h i s b r ill i a n t s t u de n t u p on his r et u r n to his


    .
    ,

    n a t i v e c ou n tr
    y w a s a pp o i n t e d pr o f es so r o f a n a t o m y a n d a ft e r wa rd s d i r ce
    to r o f the z oo l ogi c a l m u seu m o f the u n i v e r s i t y a t the Un i v e r s i t y o f D o rp a t ,

    his n a t i v e c i t y K ot z e b ue h i m s el f th ou gh on l y a n i n t elli g en t s a il o r ma kes


    .
    , ,

    s e v e r a l i n t e r es t i n g a ll u s io n s 7 V ol I p 3 06 ) to the f a una o f the grou p , .


    ,
    .

    The c h i e f e mp l oy m e n t o f the r oya l l a d i e s c on s i s t s in s m ok i n g t o b a c co


    “
    ,

    c o m bi n g th e i r h a i r dr i v i n g a w a y the fl i e s w i th a fa n a n d ea t i n g S p ea k
    ”
    , .

    in g o f the k i n g s d a u ght e r 7 V ol I p B e h i n d he r s t o o d
    ’
    he s a y s : , .
    , .

    a li tt l e n e gr o b oy h ol d i n g a S il k u m b r ell a ov e r he r h ea d to prot ec t he r
    ,

    fro m the r ay s o f the s u n ; tw o o th er boy s w i th t u ft s o f r ed f ea th e r s dr ov e ,

    a w a y the fl i e s fr o m he r A n d in d e sc r ibi n g h ow the s a il o r s w e r e e n t e r


    ”
    .

    ta in e d a t d i nn e r a s h o r e K o t z eb u e ( 7 V ol I p 3 1 1 ) r e l a t e s : Eac h o f
    “
    .
    , , , .

    th e m ha d l i k e u s a k a n a k a s t a n d i n g b e h i n d him w i th a t u ft o f red fea th e r s


    , ,

    to dr i v e a w a y the fl i es Fi n a ll y he s p e a k s m o r e d i rec t l y o f the fau n a


    ”
    .

    ( 7 V o l III p The on l y o r i g i na l W il d q ua dr u p e d s o f the S a n d w i c h


    “
    , .
    ,
    .

    I s l a n d s a re a s m a ll b a t a n d the ra t To th ese is a dd e d o u r c o mmo n m ou s e . ,

    b es i d es the flea s o m e S p ec i e s o f B l a tt a a n d o th e r n o x i ou s p a ra s i t es
    ,
    .
    ”

    I n the a pp en d ix O f th e th i rd v o l u m e o f the n a rr a t i v e o f K o t z e b ue s
    ’

    v oya g e ( 7 p 3 76 ) is the d es c r i pt i on b y Es c hscholtz o f ou r n a t i v e Ha


    ,
    .

    w a iia n b u tt e r fl y Va n es s a ta m eon tea a d d es c r i pt i o n s o f a ll the n ew b u tt e r


    , n

    fl i es c ol l e c t e d in the v a r i ou s c ou n t r i e s v i s i t e d The oth e r o rd e r s o f in .


    I llin gw or th — Ea r ly f H a w atian en tom ol ogy
    '

    r e er en c es to 5

    t t a k en d u r i n g the v oya ge w e r e d esc r ib e d l a t e r in s e p a ra t e p a pe r s o f


    sec s , , ,

    w h i c h the m o s t i mp o rt an t a r e his En tomo gra p hien


    “ ”

    A m i s s i on a ry J a m e s M on tg o me ry s ta t es th a t the b oa t u se d b y his p a rt y
    , ,

    s w a r m d w i t h c c kr o a c h s a t the t i m e o f its a rr i v a l i
    e o H a w a i i ( 1 8 22 )
    e n

    ( 1 5 V ol I p
    ,
    I n d e sc r ibi n g a ga th e r i n g a t a m i s s i o n s e rv i ce h e
    .
    , .
    ,

    says ( 1 5 V ol I p , . m em b e r s o f th e r oya l f a m il y ha d
    , .

    s e rv a n t s in a tt en d a n c e w i th fly fl a p s a n d f a n s o f p ea c o c k s f ea th e r s to
    ’
    -

    c oo l th e i r f a ces a d dr i v e a w a y the tr ou bl es o m e i sec t s


    ”
    n H e sa y s a l so n .

    ( 1 5 V o l I p 43 4 )
    , .
    , .

    Th r e e m q it h r ;
    a re i th r
    no th r y b g
    os u Wh th l tt r
    o es e e ne e a re e e an u s . en e a e

    a re br ght ou h r i b ddi g on p k g s fr m hi p b r d t h y p r
    o e n tly d ;
    e n or ac a es o S oa ,
    e es en ie

    th e cl i m t f th S i ty I l d i q lly f t l t t h m Fl i
    a e O e oc e v ry m r s an s s e ua a a o e . es a re e nu e ous

    an d yi g
    ann o Th f w
    n p id r
    ,
    m th d dr g fl i wh i h w h v
    e e S e s, o s an a on es c e a e

    se en , m h r mbl t h
    uc f th S th S
    ese I l d
    e ose O e ou ea s an s .

    I n r e f e rr i n g to the t a bl e m a n n e r s o f the n a t i v e s Mo n tg o m e ry ( V ol I ,
    .
    ,

    p 4 7 2 ) w r i te s :
    .

    Wh mmen fly w a f d d r w d i th ir m
    co on th y m d t as ou n o ne n e es se s , e see e a o n ce

    to gr w i k o d t r w y th i r f
    s c an w it h q iv l x p r i
    u n a f tt r
    a e a c es no e u oca e e ss on o u e

    l t h i g Fl i i d d m y b id t b b m i t i w i th t h v g
    pr j d i
    oa n . es , n ee , a e sa o e an a o na on e se sa a es

    p r b bly fr m
    o a m p r t it i
    o so f e v rm i f m r d i gu t i g
    su e s ou s e u c e, or e n ar o e s s n a re
    g r d i l y p i k d by th m fr m t h i r w b d i
    ee c e y fr m th
    e v ry d g o d e o n o e s— na , o e e o s— an
    d v
    e rd
    ou e .

    G ilb e rt F Ma th i s on a n En g l i s h tr a v e l e r a l s o r em a rk ed u p on the
    .
    , ,

    trou bl es o m e h ou s e fl i e s I n s p ea k i n g o f the c h i e f s in th e i r h o m e l i f e .

    (9 p he s a y s he fo u n d s o m e a s l ee p s o m e f a nn i n g a w a y the fl i e s
    “
    , .
    ,

    H e f u rth e r s t a t e s th a t the q ue en a t the m i s s i on s e r v i c e w a s


    “

    a tt en d ed b y s ev e r a l f e m a l e s e rv a n t s ca rr y i n g fl y f a n s (9 p W h en ,
    -
    ”
    , .

    d i n i n g w i th the na t i v e s h e n o t e s ( 9 p O n e b r u s h ed a w a y
    , , .

    the fl i es
    C . S . S t ew a rt , a Lo n do n m i s s i o n a r y w ho
    p en t s e v e r a l yea r s in the S

    i s l a n d s a l s o m a d e r e fe r en c e ( 1 1 p 1 5 3 ) to th e se a n n oy i n g i n s ec t s d e
    , , . ,

    sc r ibi n g the n a t i v e s a s ea t i n g po e s u rr oun d e d b y s w a rm s o f fl i e s


    “

    F u rth r in r e fe rr i n g to the u n s a n i t a ry c on d i t i on s a n d S k i n d i s ea s es o f the


    e ,

    p eop l e he r ema rk e d the pr ev a le n c e o f h ea d l i c e sa y i n g


    ,
    -
    ,

    D z m yo en st y t im b a p t i g m g th d r t d l k f
    a an e, e s e en s or n a on e eco a e oc s o

    ig bl h d ; w hi l t i fr q tly p r ivi l g d f w w d th i r w y thr gh


    , _

    t th r t f m j ty
    no e ea s e, no n e u en , a e e e en e a ou

    th g rl
    e d
    a f p ri an f th bl d
    s o t im p h tly m
    n c es o e oo , or r u an ou n e c o on e s o a es

    it l fse
    rv t f th hi f d th pl t hi k r l v
    .

    A t th s o e se mm
    an s p w o e c e s an e co on eo e, e n ou se es

    f rt
    o t i d d if ft r
    un a e nll f f w m i t w d
    ee , , a t fi d l ivi g t t i m
    e a ca i O a e n u es , e o no n n es on e s

    o f t h i r vi i te m t d fl r
    s , ond v ou r l th a s d p r !
    an Th oo s , an e en on ou r c o es an e son s e
    b r r l ti
    a e f th f t w i t h t th
    e a on x p ri
    O f it i
    e ffi i tl y h k i g
    ac , B t ou e e e en c e o , s su c en s oc n . u
    th h l f i
    e a t t ld ; d I s r d r l t th tr t h h r
    no o an t it
    , l i m x Th
    s c a ce a e e e u , e e, run o s c a . e
    l wr l
    o e t ly ff r t h i r h d
    c a s ses no d t p on t h rb r t h v rm i ; b t
    su e e ea s an a as o a ou es e e n u
    th y e p ly d bl hi gly t th m Y t
    o en an un f t id i us th y i p i t f
    n ea e ! e so as ou s a re e n o n o
    l li
    c ea n th n es s , m ti l d r b m r ffi i ly d mi i t r d th t
    an an e e c c ou sca c e e o e e c a c ou s a n s e e an o
    c a u se t h m t t fr m d i h i w h i h fly h d b
    e o ea o dr w d ! S m h f
    a s n c a a een o ne o uc or
    th e f r f
    o ce t m d th p w r f h b i t !
    o cu s o , an e o e o a
    6 B e r n ic e P . B is hop M us e u m —
    B u lle tin

    In Ko t z eb u e m a d e a secon d v oya g e to the Ha w a n a n i s l a n d s a n d


    1 824 ,

    w a s ac c om p a n i e d a s b e f o r e b y the n a t u r a l i s t
    , ,
    P r o f e sso r Eschsc holtz ,
    .

    Aga i n th i s n a v i g a t o r r em a rk c d on the h ou se fl i es w h i c h w e r e ev i d en t l y
    -

    a bu n d a n t H e s t a t es Tw o you n g gi r l s l i ght l y d r e s se d s a t c r o s s l egg e d


    “ -
    .
    , ,

    by the s i d e o f the q uee n fl a pp i n g a w a y the fl i e s w i th b u n c h es o f f ea th e r s


    , ,

    a n d th a t the q u ee n a te Wh il s t tw o b oys fl a pp e d a w a y the fl i e s w i th l a rge


    ,
    “

    b u n c h es o f f ea th e r s ( 1 3 V ol II p
    ”
    ,
    .
    ,
    .

    I n the a pp en d ix o f th i s s eco n d v o l u m e Es c hs cho ltz ( 1 3 V o l I I p 3 5 7 ) , , .


    ,
    .

    a ll u d e s to the en t om ol og i ca l m a t e r i a l c o ll ec t e d in the Ha w a i i a n i s l a n d s :
    The n u m b e r o f i n s ec t s is s ma ll a s i s i n d eed the ca s e w i t h a ll l a n d a n i ma l s ; i t
    ,

    is t he re fo re c re d i t a bl e to o u r i n d u s try t ha t w e w e r e a bl e to m u s t e r tw en ty s o rt s o f
    ‘

    b eetl e s A s ma ll P lo ty n ns is the o n ly Ca ra b i d e ; in the w a te r tw o Coly mbetes a n d a ,

    H y d r ophil us w er e fou n d The o n ly E la ter b e l on g s to a s p ec i es ( Agry pn us N) in


    .

    w h i c h w e r eck o n v a r i ou s s p ec i men s fou n d on ly in the old w o rl d s uc h a s E la te r ,

    tor me n tos u s fu s cipes s en ega l ens is etc ; b eetl es w hi c h ha v e tw o d e ep fu rro w s in


    , , ,
    .

    the l o w e r p a rt o f th e n ec k s h i el d to rec e iv e the feel e r s a n d w h i c h go in s e a rc h o f


    -
    , ,

    t he i r fo o d a t n ight T hey res embl e ma n y o f the Eu ropea n s p r i n gi n g b eetl e s cov


    .

    e re d w it h s ca l es a n d i n c l ud e d b y M ege rle u n d er the n a me Lep i d ot us ; s uc h a r e


    fas cia tu s m u r i mus v a r ia s
    , , Tw o Ap h o d ii w e r e fou n d ; o n e o f the s i z e o f the
    .

    P s o mmo a ius pa r ce la s b ut v e ry fl a t l iv e s un d e r the b a rk o f a d ec a y e d tree the


    ’
    , , ,

    w ood o f w hi c h ha s b eco m e s oft An ot he r ha s the a l mos t p r i ck ly s hou l d e rs o f the


    .

    Aph od ius s te r c or o tor a n d as per ; o f t hes e w e fo rm the s p ec i es s ten oc n emis a n d in


    e l u d e t h e re i n fo u r n ew v a r i et i e s foun d in B ra z i l a n d Lu z on I t m a y b e here .

    o b s e r v e d t ha t P s a mm o d i us s a b u l e ti a n d c y l i n d r ic us N m u s t b e c l a s s ed w i t h A egia l ia
    w h i c h on a ccoun t o f the ho rn y n at u re o f the a w s a n d the p ro ec t i on o f the u pp e r
    , j ,
    ,

    j
    l ip e n t e r i n t o the s a m e c l a s s w i t h the Tr or ; the re ma i n i n g k i n d s o f P s a mm o d i us
    ,

    h o w e v e r d o n ot a t a ll a g ree w i t h the c ha ra c t e r giv en t hem b y Gy l len ha l a n d o u g ht


    ,

    , ,

    i n t he i r t u rn to b e c l a s sed w i t h Ap ho d i u s Amon g the r ema i n i n g b eetl e s a ll o f .


    ,

    w hi c h d w ell u n d e r the b a rk o f tre es a P or on d r a w a s the l a rges t , .

    A few r e m a rk s on the v a r i ou s bee t l es m en t ion ed b y Esc hsc holtz w ill


    n ot b e o u t o f p l a c e h e r e The c a r a bi d plalty n u s i s p r ob a bl y on e o f the
    .
    , ,

    n u m e r ous s m a ll n a t i v e H a w a i i a n s p ec i e s o f A n c hom e n u s The tw o Co ly m .

    b et e s a r e u n d ou b t e d l y o u r Copla tn s parr v n lus ( Es c h ) a n d Rha n tn s pac ifi .

    c us p os s ibl y b oth i n tr o d u c ed v e ry ea r l y The hyd rophyl id w a s .

    l a t e r d es c r ib e d b y Esc hs c hlotz a s Hyd rophilns s emicy lin d r ic n s th ou gh i t ,

    i s n ow p l a c e d in the g en u s H y d ro b iu s B l a c k bu r n c on s i d e r e d i t a n i mm i .

    gra n t The ela tr id Agr ypn ns N is u n d ou b t ed l y the Agr ypn us m od es tus


    .
    , ,

    M a c L w h i c h is n ow p l a c e d in the g en u s Ad eloc e r a T h i s s p ec i es is s a i d
    .
    ,
    .

    to b e W i d e l y d i s tr ib u t e d in Po l yn e s i a a n d e l s e w h e r e I h a v e ha d m o r e d iffi .

    c u l t y in tr y i n g to p l a c e the tw o A p ho d ii m en t i o n e d I t is h a rd to s a y w h a t .

    the fl a tt e n e d s p ec i es is ; b u t th e o n e w i th the a l m os t pr i c k l y s h ou l d e r s
    “ ”

    i s p r o b a bl y A l a en in s s ter c oro tor F a b T h i s w i d el y d i s tr ibu te d S p ec i es .


    ,

    B l a c k b u r n s t a t e s i s n ot r a r e in the n e i gh b o rh oo d O f Hon o l u l u yet n o


    , ,

    s p ec i m e n s O f i t a r e in th e H a w a i i a n c o ll e c t i on s .

    Fi n a ll y the c e ra m b y c i d Pa r a n d ra is u n d ou b t e d ly Pa r a n d r a pu n cticeps
    , , ,
    x

    S h a rp w h i c h B l ac k b u r n a n d S h a rp ( 1 20 ) s t a t e is c l o s el y a l l i e d to a S p ec i es
    ,

    oc cu rr i n g in the Ph il i pp i n e I s l a n d s .
    8 B er nice P B is ho p M us e um B u lle tin .
    — /

    the n a l opa k a o r w p as . Non e of th ese r t r


    c ea u es a re fi t to b e ea en t . The u hi n i or
    g ra s s hop p er fo od
    , ho wv r e e , is u se d as .

    The fo o i n g a re ll w wl
    i d c eep i n g hi n g s ; the m ou s e o r ra t ( iol e ) , th e mo ka u la r t ,

    r lz r
    ( a S p e c i e s o f d a k i a d ) , the e l el u , o r co ck o a c h the po k i po k i ( s o w b u g ) , the r ,
    - -

    rt w r
    k o e ( ea h o m ) , the 10 ( a s p ec i e s o f o n g ack b ug i h s ha p c a s ) the a ha l bl wt r l w
    w
    o r ea r - ig , the pu n o we l e -w e l e o r s p i d e r
    the la ia n a ( a s p e c i es o f S p i d e )
    -
    the n u h e , r ,

    t r ll r
    o r c a e p i a , the pok o ( a sp e c i es o f w r
    o m or ca e pi a ) t r ll r
    th e n a o n a o o r a n t the ,
    -
    ,

    mu (a br w bl
    o n a c k b ug o r ee e b tl t t b r
    ha -
    o es i n o t w
    o o d ) , the k ua poo ( a o m ha w r t t -

    t
    ea s v e ge a t bl es ) l
    the u k u po o o r hea d o u s e the u k n k opa o r
    , od b y l
    ou s e - -
    ,
    -
    .

    Wh m th l i ttl r t r
    en c e co F r m th
    es iles e d bt b t w h k w e c ea u es ? o e so no ou , u o no s?

    S p ea k i n g o f the a n i m a l s i mp o rt e d fr o m f o r e i g n l a n d s d u r i n g the t i m e
    o f K a m e h a m e h a I a n d a s l a t e a s the t i me o f K a m e h a m e h a I I I Ma l o ,

    ( 17 p , a ft e r enu m e r a t i n g th o s e v a l u a bl e for f oo d c o n t i n u e s

    m fl y i g th i g t h t
    .

    Th r e el a re a so t g
    so d f f d
    e h thn n s a a re no oo or oo : s uc as
    '

    e
    m q it ( m k i k ) th m ll r Iiilii ) th l r g kr h ( l l
    ( k l l j mpi g l
    os u o a h ( l l a , fl t
    e s a oa c e e u , e a e a c oc oa c e e u

    p p ) th fl
    a a , e ea ) uTh f ll w i g
    u e e, t h i g t h t wl th
    u n ou s e . e o o n a re n s a c ra : e

    r bb i t
    a i I l p k i w hi h m k
    , or o e- a x ll t f d th t i l
    a , c i th m a es e ce en oo , e ra or o e nu ,
    e ouse or
    i l l i ilii th
    o e— t i p d ( k pi ) th m ih w ( p r b bl y th
    , e c en e e rp i f t h r
    ana e o o- n o- a a o a e sco on or e e
    a re norp t i H w ii ) T h t hi g
    se en s n l t i m p rt t i ; th
    a a mb r o f
    . e se n s a re a e o a on s e nu e
    s uc h t h i g w i ll d n btl i r s i th f t r ou es s n c ea s e n e u u e .

    T h i s pr oph ecy ha s b een a b u n d a n t l y fu l fi ll e d fo r e v en n ow w i th ou r ,

    e ffi c i e n t q u a r a n t i n e n e w o rg a n i s m s fr e q ue n t l y g a i n e n t r a n c e
    , .

    F D B en ne t a n En g l i s h n a t u ra l i s t w ho c a m e to the Pa c i fi c pr i m a r il y
    . .
    , ,

    to i n v es t i ga t e the a n a t o m y a n d h a bi t s o f the w h a l e s O f the S o u th e r n P a c i fi c

    a n d to c o ll ec t n a t u r a l h i s t o r y m a t e r i a l d i s cu s s e s the i n s ec t fa u n a o f Ha w a i i ,

    ( 24 p 2 5 2 ) a s f o ll o w s
    , .

    I t n s ec s t m r m r
    a re h r th no t th S i ty I l d ; t h y p r
    o e nu t
    e o us e e an a e oc e s an s e ese n .

    l
    a s o, rly th m g r
    n ea d e q lly r m k bl f th pp r t d d i t i
    sa e en e a , an a re e ua e ar a e or e a a en a on
    o f m y x ti k i d t th
    an e o f w w hi h w r f
    c n s d th o i l by o se vig t r e c e e o un on e so ou r na a o s

    w h t hi r hi p l g w fi r t d i v r d T g t h r w i t h m m ll r b tt r
    fli w fi d t O h V
    en s a c e a o as s s co e e . o e e so e s a e u e

    es , e n a l ly r mbl i g th V t l t f E r p ;
    a u a e n es s a , c o se es e n e . a a an a o u o e as

    w ll e as d p ia d ifl i g i
    s ec o n pp r i bl
    s r p t fr m V
    e c es , d i d
    er n n no a ec a e es ec o . ca r u
    ‘

    ,
    an
    as th h b it te f th l tt r i
    a a t i th t hi tl i th
    o e rt h r p rt f th gl b
    a e n s ec s e s e n e no e n a s o e o e,

    so h r th e e l g p i e r rt t th p ri k ly f l i g f t h A g m
    an a o ou s s ec es M xi eso s o e c o a e o e r e on e e

    ca n a A h w k m t h ( S phi x p g ) i mi l r t th t i h b i t i g th S i ty I l d
    a -
    o ,
    n un ens s a o a n a n e oc e s an s.
    i v ry p t r i th vi i i ty t I t l rv i l rg f
    .

    s e mm co th on on f th e as u es n e c n o e coa s . s a a s a e, o
    a gr l r w i t h l gi t d i l d bl iq l i l b d
    e en co o u on th id u d h nath an o ue ac an s on e s es , an as e

    h r t ri t i h r b k Th h b it f th p r f t i t i mi l r t
    m It fl i
    c a ac e th
    s c o n on e ac . e a s o e e ec n s ec a re s a o
    th f th h mm i g b i rd h w k m t h S phi m
    d fl i tt i g
    ose o e u n gl by d y a o nx a c ro oss u es a
    -
    , , .
    ,

    d pp r t w rmt h d br ig ht tid
    fr m fl w r t fl w r w hi h i t l d m l ight i t d r i th t r fr m th
    an a k th
    ea s o s ee f th e ; a an n es s o e n o on e s un an n
    o o e o o e , on c se o a s. a ns e n ec a o e
    bl m w i t h it p r b i
    o ss o s i t fl t i th i w i th r p i d vi b t ry m t i
    s o o sc s as f oa s n e a r a a ,
    ra o o on o

    th wi g O
    e n s . i wh I w n on e d v ri g t
    o cca s o n , pt r thi q ti g en as en ea ou n o ca u e s co ue n

    i t t iv m t my i t d rt k th t k i
    v l v l fl w r r d w hi h th m t h h d
    n s ec , a na e cad e o hi w w y a s s s a n ce an un e oo e as n s o n a :
    g t h ri g tw f th l g t bl
    a e n o o e e e an ue con o u us o e s a ou n c e o a
    b ee n fl tt r i g d h l d i g
    u e n i , h h d i
    an i vi t i g p i t i
    o n h t i ly
    o ne n ea c an n an n n os on. e ca u ou s

    pp r h d f ll w d th i t t t mpt i t w i t hi hi r h Th t iv b t
    ‘

    a oa c e or o o e e n s ec o e n s ea c . e ac e u
    t lt hy m v m t f th y g d
    s ea o e en s t ily l d i l d r
    o h p r e d hiou n hy an s ca n -
    c a s an e , as e u s ue s s
    g m v r th p l i ; th
    a e o e d i g tt i t d
    e h
    a ns m d d th i i e se ti g m uc n a u es e assu e , an e n s n ua n an
    ner i w hi h h p r
    n t d th fl w r t th m t h w h pp rt i t i ff r d f rd d
    c e es e n e e o e s o e o en O o un es o e e a o e
    v ry l d i r Alt h gh th x rt i t m l gi l fr i d w r
    ,

    a e u c ous sc e n e f my . ou e e e on s o en o o o ca en e e
    a t thi t i m fr i tl
    s I h v e ft u th pl
    es s , h d pt d af ll y e mp l y d o en s een e an e a o e s u c c e ss u e o e
    by t h r t iv ; th h wk m t h pp r h i g th p r ff r d bl m p r tr d it
    o e na es e a -
    o , a oa c n e o e e osso s, o u es s
    l g p r b i w h i h i i z d w i t h th fi g r
    on o os c s , c d th r t r s se rd e e n e s an e c ea u e s ecu e .
    I llin gw or th— Ea r ly f
    r e er en ces to H a wa iian en tom ol ogy 9

    The i n s ec ts
    t i d h r t h gh t t y f th t h P ly i I l d
    we no ce e e, ou no a an o e o er o n es a n s an s
    w v i i t d w r l rg t r t l
    e s e , p id r
    e e ( Ly S p ) th m i ll i p d
    a e a an u a w dl s e s, c osa . e e e or oo -
    ou s e,

    (O i n s cus ll ) d t i p d s ight
    as e us t i h l g th i r l r br w
    an ce n e e
    ‘

    , e or en nc es on , e c o ou o n

    y ll w th i d
    e o , d b d m bl
    e s Th l mi
    es an t ip d ( S l p d
    a o l en ue . e u n ou s cen e e co o en ra e ec
    t i
    r co) i l f d i th h
    s a so t H oun m i tt i g itn h r t r i t i p h ph r
    e o u s es a on o r u r u , e n s c a ac e s c os o
    t l ig h t
    e s cen d l vi g b h i d i t
    , tr i l f l m i
    an ea m tt r n e n a a o u n ou s a e .

    foo t n ot e B en n et gi v es th i s a dd i t i on a l i n fo rm a t io n
    In a

    S hip d btl s th t iv t h g h i v l t ry g t i d i mi t i g
    a re , ou es s , e ac e, ou n o un a a en s n sse na n in
    t v r r m t r gi
    s ec s o e f th g l b
    e A ft r w h d b
    o e e t
    on s fo v r l w e o e . e e a een a s ea or s e e a ee k s ,

    or v m th it w
    e en t on mm ts,fi d b rd th T
    as no m y ki d
    un co on o n on oa e u sca n an n s of

    l d i t i l ivi g t t fr m th h rd y b tl t th d l i t
    an -
    n se c s n a n s a e, d m r ph o e a ee e o e e ca e a n o e e em
    r l b tt rfly w h g rm h d p r b bly b
    e a u e , r iv d
    ose b rd t g th r w i th
    e s a o a e en ec e e on oa o e e sup

    pl i f fr i t
    es O d v g t bl u an e e a es .

    The t t t qu ot e d fro m B en ne t is o n e o f the ea r li es t d efi n i t e re fe r


    s a em en

    e n c e s th a t I h a v e b e en a bl e to fi n d b ea r i n g u p on the i n tr o d u c t i o n o f the

    c os m o p o l i t a n b u tt e r fl y Va n ess a ca rd i Lin n oth e r th a n the u n v e r i fi e d re


    ,
    u ,

    po rt o i fou r s p ec i m en s s en t to the B r i t i s h Mu s eum tw o col l ec t ed b y Ca p ,

    t a i n B y ro n in 1 82 5 an d tw o b y C a pt a i n B eechey in 1 827 ( S ee B ibli o gr a phy .

    No s . 27 a n d 65 .

    Dr A l on z o
    . Ch a p i n , a r es i d en t m i s s i o n a r y in w r i t i n g on the d i s ea ses ,

    of the H a w a i i a ni s l a n d s in 1 8 3 8 r em a rk s ( 2 2 p 2 5 3 ) u p on the a b s en c e o f
    , ,

    ma l a r i a as f oll ow s
    r w
    B e fo e go i n g o u t to th e S a n d i c h I s a n d s l I s p en t rl y r
    s ev e a ea s in ou r ,

    t r tt
    sou he n s a es , m u c h o f th e t tr t Crl
    i m e in the l ow co un y o f Sou h a o in a ; a n d
    r r
    w a s d u i n g the hot s e a so n s o f the y ea , a ccu s o m ed to t r l
    eco i ry t
    at e v e s an d i n g

    b y w t r t w t y r t
    ,

    od of a e , on a c coun o f th e p o i s o n ou s e x h a l ti on s hi c h he th e e e m i ,

    r
    e n d a n g e i n g th e l ry l x t r
    iv es o f ev e i n d ivi d ua e p os e d to he i “ i n flue n ce On m y a r .

    rv l l r t
    i a a t the i s an d s , I m o e ha n on c e ma d e the i n q u i ry r
    w hy the n u me ou s k a o l ,

    t r r t
    ( a o ) p on d s a re n o t p o d uc iv e o f s i ck n e s s
    ”
    T r
    hou s a n d s o f a c es a re en i e t r ly .

    con v e rt t t
    e d i n o p on d s o f s a n d i n g wt r
    a e in w t lt t t r l
    h i c h the n a iv e s cu iv a e he i k a o ,

    w l t r
    hi e he i hou s e s a r e b lt
    ui on th e n a rr w
    o S p a ce s b twe e en T he s e a r e n e v e r .

    t r x t tr r r
    d ry , a n d a r e o f en s o n um e ou s as to e ha us en i e iv e s in k e ep i n g hem fi e d t ll .

    l r l
    I c ou d n ot a t on c e e c on c i e my m i n d to the bl
    e ie f o f t r
    he i x y
    i n n o i o u s te n d en c ,
    tw t t r t t ry b
    i hs a n d i n g c i c ums a n c es a re s uch a s to mak e th e fa c v e o vi ou s T hou g h
    bj t r t l fl
    no .

    the p on d s a r e s u e c to th e p e p e ua t rr t y
    i n u e n ce o f a o i d s un , he ca n n o b e t
    c o me p u tr by r
    id t l
    ea s on o f th e con i n u a l r
    s u pp y o f f e sh w tr lt t
    a e , a n d m u i u d es O f
    l t r t t r r
    fi s h iv e a n d h iv e in hem , s uc h is he i f es hn es s a n d p u i y rt .

    Th tr m r igi t fr m p r i g
    e s ea s o d r i na e th mm it o f th ms n s an a n on e su s O e ou n
    t i p r d w t h i r i d w it h g r t i m p t i ty d ft r f w m d r i g
    a ns, ou o n e s es ea e uo s an a e a e ea n e n s
    a re t r d i d fr m t h i r
    u ne as r t i rri g t th l d
    e o e d r p l i h th p
    co u ses d o a e e an s an e en s e on s,
    or d i h rg d d i r tly i t th
    a re sc a e d I k ec w f b d y f w t r m itt i g
    n o e s ea , an no o no o o a e e n
    su fii i t m i m
    c en t r t ik as a l g it b r d r I h v
    o c ea e S c i lly m t
    n es s a on s o e s . a e occ a s on a e
    w i th t g t p d w hi h m i t f l d ff iv d r d
    s a n an on s, c e ld a w y ou an o en s e o ou , an cou in no a
    sat i fy my l f f th r
    s se f th
    o x mpt i e f th i h bit t
    e a s on l g th ir
    or e e e on o e n a an s a on e
    b rd r fr m f v r b t by pp i g th flfl i t b d i l t d d r d r d
    o e s o e e s, u su os n e e uv a o e u e an en e e
    i rt by th
    ne t i l rr t f w i d
    e c on n ua cu en s o n s .

    S m ll m r h a b d b t a s f d by p r i g
    es a oun d th p r m u t i tr m
    a re e s n s, an e u e oun a n s ea s,
    an d t h p r v t d b mi g x i
    a re us e T h y p d i ly d y p d ri g f w
    en e eco n no ou s . e s ee r u u n a e
    w k b
    ee s f r i ;
    a s en ce d th r iv r l d i p p r l k p t l iv by f
    o a n an e e s a so sa ea u n es s e a e re
    q t h w r
    u en s d th
    o m ll p l
    e s, an w hi h r m i t h t i m
    e s a d w hi h b
    oo s , d c e a n a s uc es an c a ou n
    ft r v ry r i y d t b m ffi i tl y p tr i d t xh l
    a e e e a n s ea s on , o no
    f ec o e su c en u o e a e a ev e r
    gen er a ti ng m i a sm .
    10 B er n ic e P B is hop M u s e um B u lle tin
    .
    —

    If a ny v a r i ety o f s oil ha s a s p ec ific p o w e r to p rod uce m a l a r i a i t d o es


    on e
    n o t a pp ea r to e x i s t a t t hos e i s l a n d s The u p l a n d s o i l is t he r e fo r me d o f d e .

    c o m p os e d l a v a the l o wl a n d p l a i n s a l o n g the s ea a r e c on s t i t u t e d o f a mi xt u re o f
    ,

    a ll u vi on w a s he d from the m ou n t a i n s a n d d ecom po s e d co ra l I ts i m mu n i ty from , .

    n o x i o u s e x h a l a t i on s is th e s a m e w het he r pa rc he d w it h d ro u ght o r me rely mo i s t ,

    a s w h en th e e v a p o ra t i on i s m o s t a b u n d a n t a ft e r the r a i n s
    , ,

    , .

    The h a b i t a t i o n s o f the n a t iv es a re fo r the m o s t p a rt c on s i d e ra bly s c a tt e red ,

    b u t a r e in a few i n s t a n c es c ro w d ed t o g et he r in s u c h n u m b e r s a s to e x h i b i t the
    d en s e a pp ea ra nc e o f ou r l a r g e t o w n s a n d vi ll a g e s T he re is ho w ev er th rou gh .
    ,

    a n e n t i re e x emp t i on fro m t ho s e p e s t i fe r ou s e x h a l a t i on s w h i c h s o e xten s iv e l y


    ,

    o ut , , ,

    p oi s on th e a t m os p he r e o f p o p u l ou s p l a ces in h ot c l i m a t e s All a n i ma l a n d v ege .

    t abl e s u b s t a n ce s t hro w n a w a y by the p eopl e o r ca st u p b y the sea a re qu i ck ly , ,

    d e v ou re d by the m u lt i t u d es o f s t a rv i n g d og s a n d s w i n e s o t ha t n o d et r i m en t is ,

    e x p e r i en c e d fr o m t h e i r p u tr e fa c t i on .

    Wi t h so en t i re a n e x em p t i on from the e x i s t en c e o f m i a s m a t a t he re is a l so ,

    e n t i re e x e mp t i on fro m t ho s e a fl ec tion s i n d u ced b y i t M a l ig n a n t b i l i ou s


    '

    an .

    fev e rs d o n o t o ccu r a n d a s I s ha ll h e rea ft e r ha v e o cca s i o n m o r e p a rt i cu l a rl y to


    , , ,

    st a te d e ra n g em en t s o f th e l iv e r a n d b i l i a ry o r ga n s d o n ot p r e v a i l n ei t her is the
    ,

    s t o ma c h a n d i n t e s t i n a l ca na l a n d oth e r o rg a n s o f the a b d om i n a l vi sce ra s ub e c t


    ,
    ,

    j
    to the n u m erous a n d c o m p l i ca t e d a ffec t i o n s so co mmon in e v e ry m i a s ma t i c r e gi on .

    Ith ou l d be b o r n e in m i n d h ow ev e r th a t Ch a p i n w r ot e b e f o r e the r e
    s , ,

    l a t io n o f m os q u i t oes to m a l a r i a w a s k n o w n a n d th a t p rob a bl y th ese i n se c t s ,

    ha d no t b ec o m e g en e r a ll y d i s t r ib u t e d in H a w a i i a t th a t d a t e .

    Ja rv es n ot es ( 23 p 7 0 ) on the b e gi n n i n g o f the s il k i n d u s try in Ha


    ’
    , . .

    w a i i a r e a l s o o f i n t e r es t
    I 83 6 M
    n 1 r L d d C l d p rt i es s s . a f th i r l d t M r P k
    O . ea se a o on o e an o es s s . ec

    an d T i t mb f co th p p ,
    f or lt iv t i g th m lb rry d r i i g i lk Th :
    e ur os e o cu a n e u e an a s n s . e

    h v
    a e w no p w rd u f f rty t h a d tr s w hi h t i m t h g r wth
    o o ou s a n ee s , c a n ne on s o , a re as
    t hri fty d f rw rd an th o f v r l y r i N w E gl d A y t t h y
    a as o se o se e a ea s, n e n an s e e
    h v
    a e b d i pp i t d i
    e en bt i i g th i l k w r m b t
    sa o n e n d il y
    o xp ti g
    a n n e s o , u a re a e ec n a

    su pp l y f gg fr m Ch i
    o e s o na .

    Th e f o ll o w i n g ( 2 3 p 7 5 ) g i v e s s o m e i n d i c a t i on s o f the pr o p o rt i on s o f
    ,
    .

    the n e w i n d u s tr y :

    At M S il ik
    oun a th m lb rry p l t ti a, f th
    e bl k m lb rry
    u e -
    an a on , o e ac u e

    (M or u s m lti li ) h v
    u b ca upl td s d th gr d
    a e d l ip p r p r d f
    een an e , an e oun an s s e a e or
    m y m r
    an M y th
    o e . d f th an w hi t m lb rry ( M ou sa n lb ) h v
    s ol e e u e or us o a a e a so
    b een t se t Th ou v r g g f
    . e f th
    a f rm r i
    e a ie m th a e d it i o o e o e s s x on s, an s

    co m p t d t h t t h y w i ll
    u e a ff r d t h i rty e d h lf t f l v
    a o flfi i t t f d an a a on s o ea es , su c en o ee

    w rm Th l v o f s . tr f ight m th g r wt h w ig h d th r
    e ea es O on e ee o e on s o , e e ee

    an d ah lf p a d d l f f t hr m t h g r wt h m r d v i h i
    ou n s, an a ea o ee on s o ea s u e se en nc es n
    l gth Th tr t h t w r p l k d l v d t g i i i w k
    en . e ees a e e f ll y t h t
    uc e ,
    ea e ou a a n n s x ee s so u , a
    th y e l d t b d i t i g i h d fr m t h
    co u no e i th
    s nm w w hi h w r
    u s e l ft o ose n e sa e ro c e e e

    un pl k d
    uc Th y
    e .
    pl t d i h d g r w t f t p rt d tw f t p r t
    e a re an e n e e o s, en ee a a , an o ee se a a e
    in th ew Th
    ro i l k w rm f th w h i t p i
    . e s w hi h p r d
    o oth fi t i lk e e S e c es , c o uce s e n es s
    b r iv d f m C hi b t th p r p r i t r d t i t r i th m
    ,

    h as een ece e ro d t
    na , u e o e o s o no n en o a se e
    in nu mb r t i l th p l t t i i t h r g hly t k d w i t h tr
    e s un e an a d th
    on s o ou s oc e ee s , an e n ec e s
    sa ry r g m t f b i l d i g m h i ry
    ar an e en s or l i g t b m d i th U i t d
    u n s, ac ne , r ee n , e c .
    , e a e n e n e
    St t a es , w hi h c f th p r p r i t rone M P k i
    o pe th p i to f vi i ti g f
    e o s, r . ec , s u on e o n o s n or
    th t p rp t iv b t g ht th l i g i l k t hi br h f
    ,

    a u I f thos e . e t
    na f es can e au e ar o r ee n s s a nc o
    i d try w i ll b f i fi it b fit t t h m rii g f
    ,

    n us e o th
    n n e en e i tt d d o e , as e a s n o co c o o n s s a en e
    w it h l i ttl x p
    so d tr bl
    e e W m en s e d hi l d r
    an
    p ti l rly d pt d
    ou e . o en an c en a re ar cu a a a e
    to it , w llas ld e d i fi rm p r as o T h i t w i ll fl d
    an n
    p ti t m y e son s . us a or oc c u a on o an
    wh o i p it t d fr m
    a re n ca t ri g i t
    ac a e y l b ri o tr d Th m t f en e n n o an a o ou s a e e a ou n o
    l d i th p l t t i i b tw th r d f r h dr d r d l ti g
    .

    an n e an a on s e ee n ee an ou un e a c es , un u a n

    p tly w
    ar d d oo d w ll w t r d
    e , an e a e e .
    I lli ngw or thr — Ea r ly f
    r e er en ces to H aw a iia n en to mol ogy 11

    T h ese i t a t i on s b y J a m es J Ja rv es w ho c a m e h e r e fro m B o s t on in
    c .
    ,

    s e a rc h o f h ea l th in 1 83 7 a r e o n l y a pr e l u d e to hi s l a t e r w r i t i n g on Ha w a ii
    ,
    .

    I n his h i s t o ry ( 2 5 p 1 0 ) d i s cu s s i n g the f au n a Ja r v es w r i t e s :
    , .
    ,

    I s e c t s a r e fe w
    n th o u g h mo s tl y o f a d es tru c t iv e o r tr ou bl e s o me c ha ra c t e r
    , .

    A s p e c i e s o f ca t e rp i ll a r a t c e rt a i n s ea s on s d es tro y s v e ge t a t i o n to a g rea t e xt en t ,

    ea t i n g e v en the g r a s s to its v e ry root s A S lu g d ep os i t s its egg s in the cotto n .

    bl ossoms w h i ch w hen r i p e a r e p i e rce d t h rou gh by the yo u n g i n sect s a n d the


    , , , ,

    s ta p l e en t i r e ly d es tr oy e d La r g e s p i d e r s a r e v e ry n u m e r ou s a n d m i sc hi ev o u s
    .

    w ea vin g s tron g w eb s u p on s hru b s a n d you n g tree s in s u ch qu an t it i es a s to check ,

    t he i r g ro wth a n d ev en i mp ed e the pa s sa ge t hrough a n o rc ha rd A s pec i es o f


    ,
    .

    w o o d l ou s e fa s t en s u po n the l i mb s e n t i re ly co v e ri n g t hem a n d w hi c h s p ee d i l y
    e x ha us t s the u i c es ; and j
    t hei r g ro wt h is fo r the t i me e ff ect ua lly c heck e d A
    , ,

    bl ack rus t fi rm ha rd a n d s tifl l i k e stron g pap er rese mbl i n g s oot in its a pp ea r


    , , ,
    ’
    , ,

    a n ce ,a tta c k s ma n y v a r i e t i e s o f tr ee s a n d p l a n t s c ov e r i n g th e b a rk a n d e v e n th e , ,

    l ea v e s givi n g t he m the s i n g u l a r a p pea ra n ce o f b e i n g c l othe d in mou rn in g T hi s


    ,
    .

    c a u s es n o p e r m a n e n t d a m a g e a n d w h i l e i t d is figu r es fru i t d o e s n o t a pp ea r s e r i
    ous ly to i n u re i t j R ,

    a t s d a m a g e th e s u g a r ca n e to a c o n s i d e r a bl e e xt en t
    . a n n ua lly -
    ,

    , .

    T hou gh the Ha w a ii a n a g r i cu ltu r i s t esca p es ma n y o f the e vi l s i n c i d en ta l to othe r


    trop ica l c l i me s en ou gh e x i s t he re to ma k e h is l a b ou rs n o s i n ecu re The n o x i ous
    ,
    .

    v e rm i n s uc h a s m o s q u i to e s fl ea s c o ck roa ch es s c o rp i o n s a n d cen t i p e d es a r e a
    , , , , , ,

    mo d e rn i m p o rt a t i on a n d ha v e e xt e n s iv e ly i n c rea se d The b i t e o f the tw o l a tt e r


    j j
    .
    ,

    c a u ses n o p e rm a n en t i n u r y a n d i s n o t m o r e i n u r i o u s t h a n the s t i n g o f a com


    ,

    mo n w a s p T h ey a r e v e ry a b u n d a n t a b ou t the s ea po rt s No s e rp en t s fro g s o r
    . .
    , ,

    t oa d s ha ve a s yet rea c he d the i s l a n d s A s ma ll l i z a r d is c om mon


    ,
    . .

    La te r in his S cen es a n d S cen e ry in the H a w a ii a n I s l a n d s Ja rv es r e fe r s


    , ,

    to the e x t en s i v e s il k i n d u s try a n d the m a n y d i ffi c u l t i es th a t b e s et i t ( S ee .

    2 8, pp . 1 05 -
    1 12 an d 1 64

    The Un i t e d S t a t es Ex p l o r i n g Ex p e d i t i o n b e i n g p r i n c i p a ll y a m a r i n e
    i n v es t i ga t i on h a rd l y t ouc h e d u p on the l a n d fa u n a of Ha w a ii yet I f oun d
    , ,

    tw o v a l u a bl e r e f e r en c e s in the Ra c e s O f M a n b y the n a t u r a l i s t Ch a r l e s ,

    P i c ke r i n g D i scu s s i n g a n i m a l s a n d p l an t s o f a b o r i gi n a l i n tro d uc t i on ( 26
    .
    ,

    p 3 1 4 ) h e s ays
    .

    T he re a r e ho w ev er un i n vit ed a tten d a n t s on hu m a n m ig ra t i on s ; su c h a s a
    , , ,

    s m a ll s p e c i e s o f r a t w ho s e p resen ce t hrou gh ou t Trop i ca l Po lyn es i a s eems n ea rly


    , ,

    u n iv e r s a l On s o m e O f the m o re re mo t e c o r a l i s l et s the p re s en c e o f t hi s a n i ma l
    .
    , ,

    p ro v e d to b e th e on ly rema i n i n g e vi d en ce o f the vi s i t s O f ma n .

    On th e o t he r ha n d the ho u se fly w h i c h s o a b o un d s a t c e rta i n co ra l i s l a n d s
    , , ,

    w a s u n i fo r mly a b s en t fr o m the u n i n ha b i t ed o n e s V a r i ou s o t he r i n s ect s h a v e .


    ,

    d o ubtl es s b een tra n s fe rred fr o m is l a n d to i s l a n d by hu m a n m ea n s .

    T hi s too w a s p rob a bly the ca s e w i t h the l i z a rd s ( Sc i n c i d a e ) ; for the


    , ,

    a genc y o f d r i ft w oo d s ee m s in su fli c ie n t to a cco u n t fo r t h e i r u n iv e r sa l p re s e n ce
    —
    ,
    .

    r e fe rr i n g to a n i m a l s a n d p l a n t s o f Eu rop e a n i n t ro d u ct i on P i c k er i n g
    In ,

    ( 26 p 3 3 3 ) w r i t es
    , .

    W w r i f rm d t th H w ii
    e e e I l
    n o d t h t th e tip d w a i tr e a a an s an s, a e ce n e e, as n o
    d d fi
    u ce y p r vi
    ve ly fr m M z tl
    ea r s It h eg r tly m lt ip l i d t H
    ou s o a a an .
    ”
    as ea u e a on o
    l l ; d d ri g
    u u an vi i t i t m d it fi r t p p r
    u n ou r M i s , a e s s a ea a n ce on au .

    Th h e rp i l i k w iou s e b d t H l l ; d it i tr d t i w
    s co on , e se a ou n s a on o u u an s n o uc on as
    e q lly ttri b t d t v
    ua a l fr m M z tl u e Th th r P l y i g r p
    o es s e s o a a an e o e o n es a n ou s, te
    fr fr m th b v tw p t
    .

    m i a n ee o e a o e o es s .

    Th t iv e f th naH w ii I l d es ttr i b t d th i tr d t i
    o e f th m
    a a an s an s, a u e e n o uc on o e os
    q i t t th
    u o om q rt r ; d w
    e bt i d vi d
    sa e f th p
    ua i b i l i ty f
    e h an e o a ne e en c e o e os s o s uc
    an r i
    o ccu en c e ,th l rv ti i g n h i pb rd f m y d y ft r w l ft
    e a a c on nu n on s oa or an a s a e e e
    H l l O
    on o u u m r . t iv p i ne f m q it
    or w r b rv d t th th r
    o e na e s ec es o os u o, e e o se e a e o e
    P lyo i gr p
    n es a n ou s .
    12 B er nic e P B is hop . M u s eu m —
    B u lle tin

    I t w ill be t d th a t th es e Ob se rv a t i on s co i n c i d e w i th th os e o f a ll the
    no e

    ea r l i e r n a v i g a t o r s th a t fl i es w e r e e v i d en t l y a n a t i v e i n t ro d uc t i on pr ev i ou s
    ,

    to the a pp ea r a n c e o f Eu ro p ea n s h i p s T h a t the h o u s e fly M u s ca d o mes tic a .


    ,

    L i n w ill t ra v e l l on g d i s t a nc es by s m a l l b oa t s is n o w a m a tt e r o f c o mm o n
    n .
    ,

    o b se rv a t i o n M o r eov e r on th i s p o i n t th e r e is the c on c l u s i v e e v i d en c e b y
    .
    ,

    S C B a ll
    . . w ho r ec en t l y i n v es t i ga t ed the m i gr a t i o n o f i n s ec t s o v e r
    s ea ,a l on g the c oa s t o f Fl o r i d a .

    S i n c e the n a t i v es in th e i r w a n d e r i n g s in the P a c i fi c p r e v i ou s to the


    a pp e a r a n c e O f w h i t e m e n e v i d en t l y t oo k a l o n g th e i r h o g s a n d d o g s to
    -

    , ,

    g eth e r w i th c oc on u t s a n d o th e r p l a n t s i t is o n l y n a t u ra l to c on c l u d e th a t ,

    fl i e s a l s o t r a v el e d from p l a ce to p l ac e w i th th em .

    T h a t fl i es v e ry ea r l y m a d e th e i r a pp ea r a n c e in the Ha w a i i a n i s l a n d s is ,

    f u rth e r i n d i ca t e d b y the grea t d ev el o p m en t O f the k a hil is o r fly fl a p s Dr . .

    B r i gh a m a m p l i fi e s th i s p o i n t in h is co mpr eh en s i v e re v i e w o f H a w a i i a n
    f ea th e r w o rk ( 1 93 p in w h i c h he s a y s : , .

    It i p r b bl st h t b h f f th r
    o a e d a fly fl p w a th p rim l
    un c o ea e s u se as a a as e a
    -

    f rmo f f t h r w rk
    o Fl i ( l ) w r h r t h g h t i
    ea e o . h b d es na o e e e e ou no n s uc a un a n ce as
    f ou nd by rly x pl r rs ea t h r i l d f th P ifi ; b t v f t hi
    e o e
    '
    on f l o e s an s o e ac c u e en or s use u

    p rpu oseth b h f f th r w e unc d bt p r od d by b h of l v


    ea e s as no ou ec e e a un c ea es,

    an d th p r t ty p e f th k hi l i
    o o m t eh v bo t m f th t m te a f l s ee s o a e e en a s e o a os u se u

    pl ant th ki ( C d y li t mi li K t h ) O m y f th i l d f th P ifi
    e or ne er na s un . n an o e s an s o e ac c,
    a br h f k i w th y m b l f p
    a nc o das th H w ii e i l d it h r d
    s o o ea ce an on e a a an s an s s a e
    in early t i m w ith t l f th r p r t t i
    es a f h ig h r k
    c oc on u ea e e e s en a on o an
    V y rly th h d p l m b m y mb l f
    er ea e ank d ll p bl i u es eca e s o s o I an an on a u c oc

    i
    c a s on s k hi l i b r r a tt d d hi f w hi l h t
    ea e s l pt k k i br h d
    a en e a c e , or e e a e or s e a aa u us e
    a w y w i t h m ll
    a ll tr bl
    s m a i t I p bl i t h y w r t k ; i
    on e s a ou eso e n s ec s . n u c e e e o en s n

    p r iv t fly fl p
    a e a s
    -
    .

    I n d eed , it
    h a r d l y n ec es s a r y to dra w u po n the i m a g i n a t i o n to u n d e r
    is
    s t a n d th e gr a d a l d e v el o pm en t o f the i m men s e s ymb o l i c k a hil is w i th
    u ,

    s h a ft s o f t w en t y f e et o r m o r e in l en gth u se d a t f un e r a l s o f roy a l t y ; ,

    e s p e c i a ll y w h e n i t is k n o w n th a t s m a ll fly fla p s o f s i m il a r co n s tr u c t i on -

    h a v e a l w ay s b een w a v e d ov e r the b od y a t fu n e ra l s in H a w a i i to keep a w a y


    th ese ob n o x io u s i n s e c t s .

    I n d e sc r ibi n g the H a w a ii a n f aun a in 1 8 5 0 H en ry T Ch ee v e r ( 33 pp , .


    ,
    .

    105— 6 ) s a ys

    No t xi b t r pt i l t x t
    in s ec e i s e d o n the i s l an d s wh fi rs t ma d e
    fl
    a no ou s ea s . e e, or en

    kno w n to E r u op ea n s tip d .
    d N w th y
    r o e h a v e m o s q u i oes , ea s , t c en e es , an s eo

    p Io n s .

    Th k t d b e d ll
    s na t i gi g ie, f th l tt r
    oa ,rt t i ll
    ee , an a s n n n s ec s o t e a e so a re s un
    k w O w l d t hi k th fl
    no n . ne rt i ly i d ig ou wh r w it i fn d e ea ce a n n en o u s , e e no s ou n
    so m h t h m
    uc b th w ith m a d b t ; b t th
    o e t iv h v o m i g an an ea s u e na es a e an a us n

    t ry f th fi r t ti m th y g t h r fr m
    s o o e hi p t hr
    s gh th tr i k f e il r e o as o e o a s , ou e c o a sa o ,

    w hi h i b tt r t b i m gi d t h t l d
    c s e e o e a ne an o .

    Wh th r t h t b tr e t th e m b y w hi h t h y
    a ll th fl i p r tty
    e ue or no , e na e c e ca e ea s e
    vi i g vi d t h t it h t b w l g m t h r t hi g
    j mp i g l th i m b i g ld ttl r fr m
    c on nc n e k en c e a as no een no n as on as so e o e n s .

    It i ll d k l l
    s ca th e u u e e, or e u n ous e, e a e n an o
    ’

    se e o

    ti m i mm m ri l t h i g l th y k w m h l ik i m p rt d fl
    t h y m d th tr g r th j m p i g k i t i
    e d e o a , anth no n e se e ne so uc e e o e ea .

    S o e na e f th
    e fi r t b r igi l
    s an e e u n u u : s on e o e s a o na s
    I llin gw or thf — Ea r ly f
    r e er en c es to H a w ai ia n en tom ol ogy I3
    a tr v l r b m
    a e e q i t e co es ac b t m g H w ii
    u a n ed w i th d l p
    in go in g a ou a on a a an s an s ee ~

    i
    n g i n t iv hna d it e i th l t h i
    ou s es , an g l d t b id g d b y t w h h
    s e as e s so a o oo -
    o en e
    co mes w y th g h i t i t
    a a , ou h t if t h y d
    s en c t i it p
    a n ces k pi g o on e e o no ns s u on ee n
    h im co mp y an d m k i g th m l v
    an f m i l i r h l f th
    a n e v y g h m
    se es a a a e o a e o e .

    The R oya l H a w a i i a n Agr i c u l t u r a l S oc i e t y o rg a n i z e d in 1 8 5 0 d i d s p l en


    d i d w o rk for s e v e r a l ye a r s I n the T r a n s ac t io n s o f th i s s oc i et y I f ou n d a
    .

    n u m b e r o f r e f r en c e s to en t o m o l ogy
    e Willi a m D u n c a n ( 3 6 ) su gges t e d .

    goo d cu l t i v a t i on a n d c l ea n c u l t u r e fo r the e r a d i c a t i on o f i n sec t s a n d u rge d


    th a t l a n d a d j oi n i g su ga r p l a n t a t i o n s b e e i th e r k e pt f a ll o w o r bu r n e d to
    n

    k eep a w ay c a t e rp ill a r s .

    Dr Wes l ey Ne w c o m b a l s o c on t r ib u t ed to the T r a n s ac t i on s ( 3 7 ) a n
    .

    i n t e r es t i n g p a p e r in w h i c h ( p 9 5 ) he s t a t e s th a t Va n ess a ca r d u i w a s i n tro
    .

    d u c e d pr es u ma bl y a t the s am e t i m e a s Ar gemon e m ex i ca n a ( p opp y o r


    th i s t l e ) th ou gh he d o s n o t s u gg es t the d a t e A mon g o th e r i n sec t s h e
    e .
    ,

    men t io ns thr e e s p ec i es o f S ph yn x o n e o f th e m S pu gn a ns b e i n g c om m o n , , .
    ,

    a t H on o l u l u O f the s m a l l m oth s he r eco gn i z e d s ev en S p ec i e s a s en em i es


    .

    O f a gr i c u l t u r e a n d g i v es the l a rv a l c h a r a c t e r s O f the p r i n c i p a l c u t w o rm s
    -
    .

    The c o r n l e a f h opp e r o r c o r n fly he r ec o rd s a s a s er i ou s p e s t a t th a t t i m e
    -
    ,
    -
    ,
    .

    He m e n t i o n s a l s o the r ed s p i d e r a s d es truc t i ve to the l ea v e s o f m a n y p l a n t s


    ‘

    a n d a m i c r o s c o p i c w h i t e fly ( fr o m his d e sc r i pt i o n d i ffi c u l t to d e t e rm i n e )

    d e s tr uc t i v e to the l ea v es o f m el on s Men t i on too is ma d e o f a s m a l l .


    , ,

    ca te rp ill a r th a t b o r e s i n t o the s t a l k s o f t o b ac c o u n d ou b t e d l y the t oba c c o —

    s p li t w o r m P h thor im a ea o per c u l e l la Z a r a th e r s e r i o u s p e s t in m o r e r ec e n t
    , .

    y ea r s . The d esc r i pt i on o f a w o r m li k e b o r e r o f the s we et p o t a t o s u gges t s


    the l a rv a o f ou r c o mm o n p es t the s w ee t po t a t o w eev il Cy las f or mi car i u s, ,

    F ab . Ne wc o m b s t a t es tha t he w a s n ot a bl e to d e t ec t a n y t r ue a ph i d s b u t ,

    he r eco gn iz es th a t the nu m e rou s a n t s fi ll i n g the so il p l a y a n i mp o rt a n t


    pa rt in the d e s t ru c t i on o f the l a rv a e of p estife r iou s m o th s a n d o f o th e r
    i n s ec t s .

    At m ee t i n gs o f the S oc i e t y in 1 85 1 the i n t ro d uc t i on o f the co mm on ,

    h on ey b ee w a s c on s i d e r e d a n d the n ex t ye a r i t w a s r ep o rt e d ( 3 8 ) th a t
    thr ee h i v es w e re com i n g fro m New Z ea l a n d b y the fir s t v ess e l d i r ec t to
    ,

    Hono l u l u I c ou l d fi n d n o s t a t e me n t i n d i c a t i n g th a t th es e e v e r a rr i v e d
    .
    ,

    b ut the r ec o rd ( 4 2 ) S h o w s th a t tw o yea r s l a t e r a n a tt e mpt to i mp o r t tw o


    h i v es o f b ees fr om B os t on p r o v e d u n s uc c es s fu l b e c a u s e o f the ra v a ges o f
    the b e e m o th on th e w a y I n 1 8 5 5 a r e p o rt w a s p r es en t e d to the S oc i e t y
    .
    ,

    u p on the ec on o m i c r e l a t i o n o f i n s e c t s to c r o p s w i th s u gg e s t i on s fo r the

    i m p o rt a t i on o f n a t u r a l en em i es o f th es e fr o m a b r oa d The r e p o rt
    s t a t es th a t th ou gh w a s p s a r e a b u n d a n t bee s h a v e n ot yet b een s u cc e s s ,

    fu ll y i n tro duc e d .

    At a m eet i n g in 1 85 6 a v e ry v a l u a bl e p a p e r w a s pr es en t e d by the w e ll
    k n ow n b ot a n i s t Dr Willi a m H i ll e b ra n d
    , . T h i s p a p e r w r i tt en b y
    V a l d e m a r K n u d s en d ea l s pr i m a r il y w i th the con t r o l o f c u t wo rm s w h i c h
    ,
    14 B er n ic e P B is hop . M n s e um —
    B u lle ti n

    we r e ev i d en t l y v e ry n u m e r ou s a t th a t t i m e D esc r i pt i on s ( 46 p 96 ) a r e .
    , .

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    e o n es , u s s e es uc e .

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    on l a n d th a t ha d b een fl oo d e d fo r a fe w d a ys T h i s o b s er v a t i on a grees .

    w i th m y e x p e r i e n c e s in No rth Q uee n s l a n d The o n l y e x p l a n a t i on th a t .

    I a m a bl e to su gg es t is th a t fl o o d i n g in s o m e w ay i n t e rf e r e s w i th the
    n a t u r a l en e m i e s o f th es e pe s t s .

    A gr ea t i mp u l se w a s g i v en to the i n v es t i ga t i on o f the Pa c i fic fa u n a b y
    the co m i n g o f the S w e d i s h F r i g a t e Eu g e n i e w i th a s ta fl o f tr a i n ed in
    “ ”

    ves tiga to r s T h e s e s c i e n t i s t s a rr i v e d in Ha w a i i in A u gu s t
    . 1 8 5 2 a n d th o u gh ,

    th e i r s t a y in the i s l a n d s w as S h o rt th ey ev i d en t l y i mp r o v e d the opp o rt u n i t y , ,

    fo r a m on g the i n s ec t s c ol l ec t e d w e r e a b ou t t w en t y n e w S p ec i es b e l o n g i n g ,

    to se v e r a l o rd e r s Un fo rt un a t el y n o r eco rd w a s m a d e o f th e i r c a t c h es
    .

    e x c e pt o f the n e w s p ec i e s T h ese r ec o rd s w e r e w o rk ed u p s ev e ra l yea rs


    .

    l a t e r the C o l eo pt e ra b y C H B ohema n the O rth opt e r a a n d Hem i pt e r a


    —
    . .
    ,

    b y C a r l S t a l the Le p i d o pt e r a b y D J W a l le n gr e
    , th e H y m en o pt e r a b y . . n,

    A E H ol m gr en a n d the D i pt e r a b y C G T h om s on
    . .
    , . .

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    n , .
    ,

    m a rk e d a n ew e p oc h in th e h i s t o r y o f s ys t e ma t i c en t o m o l ogy in H a w a ii .

    T h o u gh his s p ec i a l h obby w a s Co l eo pt e r a B l a c k b u r n co l l ec t e d a ll o rd e r s ,

    o f i n s ec t s a n d p u bl i s h e d p a p e r s o n m o s t o f th e m The e x t en t o f
    his s c i e n t i fi c w o rk d u r i g the s ix y ea r s o f his s t a y is m a rv el ou s es p ec i a ll y
    n

    c o n s i d e r i n g th a t i t w a s a l l d o n e a t o d d m o m en t s w h en e v e r h is s tr e n u ous

    d u t i es to the Ch u r c h w o u l d p e r m i t I n d ee d so a b un d a n t w e r e his c a t c h e s .
    ,

    th a t he k ept a l m o s t a d o z en s p ec i a l i st s ( pr i n c i p a ll y in the B r i t i s h M u seu m )


    bu sy d esc r ibi n g his m a t e r i a l in a dd i t i on to a ll the d esc r i pt i on s th a t he ,

    h i m s el f pr ep a r e d fo r the p re s s A gl a n c e a t the bibli o gr a ph y ( pp W ill . .

    g i v e a s u gges t i o n o f the e x t en t o f th es e l a b o rs The foll ow i n g s p ec i a l i s t s .

    a ss i s t e d h i m in p u bl i s h i n g his m a t e r i a l : B o rm a n s ( 1 05 ) h a n d l ed the O r
    tho pter a ; M c La c hla n ( 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 3 8 ) h e l p e d w i th the Neu r o pt e r a i n c l u d , ,

    in g the O d on a t a ; Wh i t e ( 7 1 8 1 88 1 00 ) d i d p a rt o f the Hem i pt e r a ; , , ,

    B u t l e r ( 74 9 0 9 6 1 06 , M ey r i c k ( 1 1 2 1 22 1 3 1 ) a n d Tuely ( 79 80 )
    , , , , , ,

    a l l w o rk e d OII the Le p i d o pt e r a ; S h a rp ( 7 5 7 6 77 78 8 5 9 3 99 1 1 9 , , , , , , , ,
    16 B er n ic e P . B is hop M u s eum B u lletin —

    I M PO R TA NT I MM I G RANT I NS E CT S
    Am o n g the in s tro d u c tion s by Eu r op ean c o m m e rc e w a s the n i ght m os
    q u i t o ( Cu lex q u in q u etos cia tu s Sa y ) a p es t o f fir s t i mp o rt a n c e es p ec i a ll y ,

    a s a c a rr i e r o f d i s ea s e T h ou gh i t ha s b een gen e ra ll y u n d e r s t oo d th a t
    .

    th ese i n s ec t s c a me to u s fro m the c oa s t o f Mex i c o i t is i n t e r est i n g to r ea d ,

    the f ol l o w i n g a c c ou n t b y O s t en Sa c k en ( 1 1 8 )

    Ab t 1 8 8 3 0ou ld h i p fr m M z tl
    2 -
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    eca e n u sa n c e .

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    a es d r mm d o f C pt i
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    ( 1838 A d i t i g i h d A m ri wh s p t m y y
    n u s th ei l d d e ca n , o s en an ea r s on e s an s an

    wh os e q i t ac I m d i W h i gt
    u a n a n ce fi rm d th t ry t m a e d t ld n as n on , c on e e s o o e, an o
    m t h t h r m mb r d p i t iv l y th t t h r w r
    e a e e e e e m q it th osil d e a e e e e no os u o es on e s an s

    a b t 1 823
    ou .

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    s e s on s a th w hi h I r d i
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    O

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    .

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    of -
    ,

    d ocn emis o bs cu rus B o is d w h i c h w a s ev i d en t l y i n tr o d uce d fr o m s om e o f


    .
    ,

    the Pac i fi c i s l a n d s ; B o is d u v a l ( 20 ) in 1 83 5 d esc r ib e d the s p ec i e s fr o m


    New I r e l a n d a n d F a irma ire ( 3 2 ) l a t e r re c o rd e d i t fr o m T a h i t i Th is .

    b o re r b ega n to m a k e i n r oa d s u p on the s u ga r i n d u s try o f Ha w a i i a ppa ren t l y


    d u r i n g the ea r l y e i ght i e s ( 1 07 r a p i d l y s pr ea d i n g u n t il b r ou ght ,

    u n d e r co n tr o l b y the i n tr o d u c e d t ac h i n i d p a r a s i t e C er omas ia s phenophor i


    The s p ec i es w a s r ec o rd e d b y B l ac k b u r n a n d S h a rp ( 1 20 ) w i th a
    few b r i e f sys t em a t i c n ot es The fir s t c a r e f u l s t u d y o f the l i f e h i s t o ry a n d
    .

    e co n o m i c r e l a t i o n s w a s th a t b
    y C V R il ey the s p ec i m en s b e i n g . .

    s en t to th i s c e l e b r a t ed en t o m o l o g i s t a t the r eq u es t o f his M a j e s t
    y Ki n g ,

    Ka l a k a u a
    '

    A n oth e r cos mop ol i t a n i n s ec t fou n d in Ha w a i i d u r i n g r ec en t yea r s ,

    th ou gh o f l i tt l e ec on om i c i mp o rt a n c e comp a re d w i th the c a n e b o r e r is the ,

    m i l k w ee d b u tt e r fl y B o u a id a a r chippus Fa b , T h i s i n s ec t w a s no t m en t i on e d .

    b y a n y o f the ea r l y v oya g e r s a n d in f a c t the fir s t r e f e r en c e to its pr e s e n c e


    in the i s l a n d s i s fr om B l a c k b u r n s m a t e r i a l in 1 8 7 8 The geo gr a p hi
    ’

    c a l d i s tr ib u t i on o f th i s s p e c i es w a s r ev i e w e d in 1 886 b
    y Wa l k e r w ho
    s t a t ed th a t th e s e b u tt e r fl i es w e r e a b u n d a n t a n d we ll e s t a bl i s h e d in H a w a i i

    a t th a t d a t e .

    I n the ea r l y n i n et i e s e x o t i c s ca l e i n sec t s b eg a n to c o mm a n d a tt en t i o n
    ( 1 3 4 ) a n d d u r i n g the fo ll o w i n g d eca d e fu ll y fift y s p ec i e s ha d b een re
    I l li ngw or thr — Ea r ly f
    r e er e n c es to H a w a iia n en tom ol ogy 17

    co rd ed in Ha wa ii I cer ya pu r chos i Ma s k is tho u ght to h a v e m a d e its


    . .

    a pp ea r a nc e in the i s l a n d s d u r i n g the S pr i n g o f 1 889 B y 1 89 0 i t ha d b e .

    co me w i d e l y d i s tr ib u t e d in the g a rd en s o f H ono l u l u D u r i n g the f o ll ow .

    in g y ea r C V R il ey ( 1 3 7 ) r e p o rt e d th a t i t ha d b een suc c es s fu ll y c on
    ,
    . .

    t ro ll e d b y the V e d a l i a b eet l e i n tr o d uc e d fr om C a li f o r n i a Nev e rth el es s .


    ,

    o th e r c o cc i d s b e g a n to m a ke th em se l v es f e l t e v e n a tt a c k i n g th e co f f ee , ,

    w h i c h w a s so s e r i ou s l y a ff ec t e d th a t M r A lb e rt K oe b e l e w ho ha d b een s o .
    ,

    su c c es s fu l w i th the C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e B oa rd o f H o rt i c u l t u r e wa s e n g a g e d ,

    in 1 89 3 b y the Ha w a i i an G o v e r n m en t to se a rc h Au s tr a lia fo r its n a t u r a l ;

    e n e m i es ( 1 43 ,
    H is w o rk p r o v e d e m i n en t l y s ucc es s f u l a n d b y 1 89 5
    th e r e w a s a ma rk d d ec r ea se in ma n y o f the s c a l e i n sec t s o w i n g to the
    e

    na t u r a l e n e m i e s i n tr o d u ce d Ch i e f a mo n g th es e fr i en d l y i n s ects
    w e r e l a d y bi rd b e e t l e s ( Co c c i n e l li d a e ) f u ll y thr ee d o z en S p ec i e s b e i n g i
    ,
    n

    the li s t A s n e w s ca l es c on t i n u e d to m a k e th e i r a pp ea r a n c e in the
    i s l a n d s co m i n g in o n fr eq u en t p l a n t a n d fr u i t i mp o rt a t i on s Ko eb e le s v a l u
    , ,
    ’

    a bl e se rv i c es w e r e r et a i n ed B y 1 89 7 he ha d b r ou ght in f u ll y 2 00 s p e c i e s
    .

    o f l a dy bi rd b eet l es b es i d e s m a n
    y o th e r na t u r a l ene m i es o f v a r i o u s h a r m fu l
    i n s ec t s
    The n u m e r ou s s ca l e i n s ec t s w e r e f a i r l y w e ll u n d e r c o n t ro l a n d K oeb ele
    b eg a n to t u r n his a tt en t i on m o re s e r i ou s l y to o th e r p es t s I n 1 899 Koeb el e .

    ( 202 ) w r ot e :
    Ab t th m i d d l f Ap r i l my tt t i w s ll d t
    ou e e o a tr bl m fly p
    en on a ca e o a ou eso e u on
    ca ttl
    e d
    an thon 6th f th e m m t h th fi r t p i m
    2 o e sa e w r br ght t m
    on , e s s ec en s e e ou o e
    d d r i g th
    an u mm r i t p r d
    n e su v r ll th i l d
    e s ea o e a e s an s .

    T h i s p e s t l a t e r p ro v ed to b e the Eu r op ea n h o r n fly H a ema to bia ir r i ta n s -


    ,

    Li n n w h i c h ha d re a c h e d the m a i n l a n d o f the Un i t e d S ta t e s a b ou t ten


    .

    yea r s e a r li e r Ko eb e le f u rth e r r e l a t es : The fir s t fl i es w e r e n o t i c e d o n


    “
    .

    the i s l a n d O f O a h u d u r i n g F eb r ua r y 1 898 b
    y M r J P M en d on c a o f the , . . .

    Ka n eoh e r a n c h ”
    D u r i n g 1 900 p es t s O f v a r i ou s c r o p s w e re s t u d i e d an d
    .
    ,

    th e i n tr o d uc t i o n O f n a t u r a l e n e m i e s w a s c on t i n u e d I t w a s a t th i s
    t i m e th a t a t i n e i d l a rv a o f c o tt o n b a ll s w a s fir s t r ep o rt e d w h i c h even t u a ll y ,

    wa s f o u n d to b e the p i n k b o l l wo r m G el e chia gos s y pie l la S n d r s


    -
    , .

    The J a p a n e se B eet l e ( A d o r e tu s s in ic u s B u r m ) is r ep o rt e d to h a v e c o m e
    -

    i n t o the i s l a n d s a b o u t 1 89 1 pr ob a bl y in so il fro m J a p a n
    ,
    Fo u r
    yea r s l a t e r i t h a d a l r ea d y b e c o m e suc h a p e s t th a t s e r i ou s c o n s i d e r a t i o n w a s
    g i v en to the i n t ro d u c t i on o f su c h n a t u r a l e nem i es a s m o l es b a t s an d t oa d s , ,

    I n 1 89 7 600 b a t s w e r e i n tr o d u c e d fr om C a l i fo r n i a b u t a pp a r en t l y
    ,

    th ey n e v e r b ec a m e es t a bl i s h e d B ett e r r es u l t s w e r e s ec u r e d b y the
    i n tro d uc t i on O f t o a d s fr om C a li fo r n i a a n d frog s fr om J a p a n T h es e r e .
    '

    pro d uc e d fr ee l y in the s tr ea m s h e r e B u t the S pr ea d o f the b eet l e w a s .

    r a p i d a n d b y 1 89 7 i t w a s a l s o r ep o rt e d fr o m Ma u i a n d K au a i Koeb ele .
    18 B e r ni ce P . B is hop M u s e mn —
    B u lletin

    i n t ro d u c e d a f u n g u s th a t pro v e d d e s t r u c t i v e to the b ee t l e u n d e r w et s u r '

    ro u n d i n gs b u t u n f o rt u n a t el y i t a pp e a r e d i mm u n e to th i s d i s ea s e
    in the d r i e r p o rt i o n s o f the i s l a n d s D u r i n g 1 9 00 the J a p a n es e b eet l es w e r e
    .

    r e p o rt ed ( 2 1 5 ) fro m the i s l a n d o f H a w a i i th u s e x t e n d i n g th ei r r a n g e ,

    th ro u gh ou t the gr ou p i n j u r i n g the fol i a g e o f a l a rg e v a r i et y o f c u l t i v a t ed


    ,

    t r ees a n d o th e r p l a n t s .

    I t is r e p o rt e d th a t pr e v i o u s to 1 89 8 a l l f o r m s o f m e l on s cu c u m b e r s a n d , ,

    s q u a s h es c ou l d b e gr o w n in H a w a i i w i th c o mp a r a t i v e ea s e A b ou t th i s .

    t i me a n ew p es t th a t ha s com e to b e k n o w n a s the m e l on fly ( Da cu s c u cu r
    b i ta e Coq ) b eg a n to m a k e i t s e l f f el t
    . M r B y r on 0 C l a rk w ho w a s the . . .

    fir s t to o b s e rv e the fl i es s a i d th a t th ey ma d e th ei r a pp ea r a n c e du r i n g the
    s u mm e r o f 1 89 7 a n d th a t b y 1 89 8 a n d 1 899 the m e l on i n d u s try w a s p r a c

    t i ca l l y d es tr oye d The fi r s t p u bl i s h e d r e fe r en c e to the s u bj ec t is in the


    .

    fo rm o f c o rr es p o n d en ce pr i n te d in a w ee k l y ne w s p a p e r in H on ol u l u The .

    o r i g i n a l is n o w a l m os t u n o b t a i n a bl e a n d s o i t is f o rt u n a t e th a t the c om p l e t e

    a c c oun t h a s b e e n r e pr o d u c e d in a t l e a s t tw o s c i e n t i fi c p a p e r s d ea li n g w i th

    th i s s e r i ou s p es t ( S ee .
    -

    D EV ELO P M E N T OF Q UA R A NT I NE SYS T EM
    The tr a n c e o f so ma n y n o x i o u s p es t s n a t u r a ll y s t i mu l a t ed a d es i re to
    en

    s h u t ou t f u rth r i n tro d u c t i o n s o f th ese u n d es i r a bl e i m m i gr a n t s D u r i n g


    e .

    th e r e i gn o f Ki n g K a l a k u a w e fi n d the b eg i n n i n g o f th i s sy s t e m in a n

    Ac t d a t e d J u l y 1 6 1 89 0 r e l a t i n g to the su pp r es s i o n o f p l a n t d i s ea s es bl i ght s
    , , , ,

    a n d i n sec t p es t s Aga i n in 1 892 s i m il a r r e gu l a t i on s w e r e a d opt ed


    , ,

    in a n A c t to e s t a bl i s h a B u r ea u o f Agr i c u l t u r e a n d F o re s tr y
    No o n e r ec o g n i z e d the n e ed o f s u c h r e gu l a t i on s b e tt e r th a n P r o f es s o r
    A Koeb ele w ho ha d d ev ot e d m a n y ye a r s to a s t u d y of the s e o rga n i sm s in
    .
    -

    v a r io u s p a rt s o f the w o r l d A s oflic ia l e n t om o l ogi s t o f the Ha w a ii a n


    .
    ‘

    i s l a n d s in a l ett e r ( 1 9 1 ) to Dr Ma x w e ll w ho w a s s p ec i a l a gen t o f the


    , .
    ,

    Un i t ed S t a t e s h e r e a t the t i m e he s a i d , ,

    S tr i t tt t i
    c a h ld b
    en on p i d t w rd
    s ou g rd i g g i t th i tr d t i
    e a o f a s ua n a a ns e n o uc on O
    m l l tid
    e o on l t ri d b tl
    s, e a e t d tr t iv ee t l ivi g r t f p l t
    es, e c .
    , esw ll uc e o n oo s o a n s, as e as
    to y f
    an g id d i
    un o d tr t iv t v g t t i
    s e a s es es th t uc l i bl t r h th i l d
    e o e e a on a a re a e o ea c e s an s
    w ith i l so plor t i mp rt d
    an s o e .

    F r om th es e b eg i n n i n g s ha s gro w n u p the efli c ien t q ua r a n t i n e s y st e m


    th a t w e fi n d in the i s l a n d s t od ay .
    I llin gw or th —
    Ea r ly f
    r e er en c es to H aw ai i a n en tom o l ogy 19

    B I B LI OG R A P HY

    ll w i g l i t i rr g d hr l gi lly d th
    The fo o n s m f
    s th r
    a i an e c on o o ca an e na es o au o s a re n

    al p h b t i l rd r d r
    a e ca o h y r e F th unv i f w rke r id t i
    eac ea . or e co n en en c e o o ers es en n

    H w ii th H
    a a l l l i br r i i w hi h th p bl i t i s it d m y b f d
    e on o u u a es n c e u ca on c e a e o un a re

    i d i t d by th f ll w i g bbr vi t i
    n ca e e AF B rd f A g r i lt
    o o n d F r try ;
    a e a on s : ,
    oa o cu u re an o es

    BM Bi h p M
    ,
    sm ; D P I D ivi i
    o u s eu f Pl t I p t i B rd f A g r i lt r , d s on o an ns ec on , oa o cu u e an

    F r try ; H S H i t r i l S i ty ; H S PA H w ii
    o es , s o S g r Pl t r ca Ex p r i m t oc e , a a an u a an e s
    ’
    e en

    St t i ; P L Li br ry f H w ii ; UH U iv r i ty f H w ii ; U S H w ii Ag i l
    R fr
    a on , a o a a ,
    n e s o a a , a a r cu

    t r l Ex p i m
    u a t S t ti er en t p bl i t i a i d i t d by on . t ri k e e en c e s o u ca on s n ca e an as e s

    h v a et b no v ri fi d een e e .

    I EL L I S W ( I L L I A M ) A n a u th e n t i c n a rr a t i v e o f a v oya ge p e rf o r m e d
    .
    , ,

    by C a pt a i n C oo k a d C a pt a i n C l e rk e ; i n s ea r c h o f a n

    n o rth w es t p a s s a g e b e t w e n th e co n t i n en t s o f A s i a a n d Am e r i ca e .

    I n c l u d i n g a f a i thfu l a cc ou n t O f a ll th ei r d i s c o v e r i es a n d th e u n ,

    fo rt u n a t e d e a th o f C a pt a i n Co o k 2 v ol s Lon d on .
    , ,

    1 7 82 .
    (BM)
    2 . C OO K JA M ES A v oya ge
    , , to th e Pa c i fi c O c ea n , un d e rt a k en b y the
    c om m a n d o f H is M a j es t y fo r m a k i n g
    d i s co v e r i es in th e No rth ,

    e r n H em i s ph e r e Pe rfo r m e d u n d e r the d i r e c t i on o f C a pt a i n s.

    C oo k C l e rk e a n d G o r e in H is M a j es t y s s h i p s Res ol u t i on
    , , ,
    ’ “ ”

    an d D i s co v e ry ; in the ye a r s 1 776 1 777 1 778 1 779 a n d 1 780


    “ ”
    , , , , .

    3 v ol s v o l s 1 a n d 2 w r i tt en b y C a pt a i n J a m es C oo k
    . .
    ,

    v ol 3 b y Ca pta i n J a m es Ki n g LL D a n d
    . 2d c d Lo n ,
    . . .
    ,

    d on , 1 78 5 .
    (BM)
    3 . DI X ON G EOR G E A v oya g e r ou n d the w o r l d b u t m o r e p a rt i cu l a r l y to
    , ,

    to the n o rth w es t c oa s t o f A m e r i ca p e rf o r m e d in 1 7 8 5 1 7 86 , , ,

    1 7 8 7 a n d 1 7 88 in the , Ki n g G eo rg e a n d Q ue en Ch a r l o tt e ,
    “ ” “
    ,
    ”

    C a pt a i n s Po rt l oc k a n d D ix on Lo n d o n 1 789 ( B M ) , .

    Th x p d i t i v i i t d H w ii i 1786
    e e e on s e a a n .

    4 . PO RT LOC K NATH A N A v oya ge r ou n d the w o r l d b u t m o r e p a rt i cu l a r


    , ,

    ly to the n o rth w e s t c oa s t o f A m e r i c a p e rf o rm e d in 1 7 8 5 1 786 , , ,

    1 7 8 7 a n d 1 7 88 in the , Ki n g G eo rg e a n d Q u een Ch a r l o tte ,


    “ “
    ,
    ”

    C a pt a i n s Po rt l oc k a n d D ix on Lon d on 1 789 ( B M ) , .

    m mb r x p d i t i w r i H w ii fr m M y 6 t J
    g
    T f th
    é
    e e e s o e e e on e e n a a o a 2 o un e
    13, 17

    5 .
    *
    F AB RI C IU S J G En t om ol og i c a , . .
    , s y s tem a tica Ha fn ia e
    ( Cop en h a gen ) 4 v o l s 1 792 -
    4
    R
    . .
    , .

    e fe ren ce s t o H a w a ii a n s p ec i e s in v ol 2, 269 ( O dy n e r us r a d u la
    .
    p .

    and in v ol . 3 , p . 463 .

    6 . V A N COUVER G EORGE A v oya ge o f d i sc ov e r y to the No rth Pa c i fi c


    , ,

    O c ea n a n d r ou n d the w o r l d ;
    , p e rfo rm ed in the yea r s
    1 79 0 1 79 1 1 79 2 1 79 3
    , 1 79 4 and 1 79 5 in the , D i sco v e ry , , , ,
    “
    ,
    ”

    s l oo p o f w a r a n d a r m e d t en d e r Ch a th a m 3 vo l s
    ”
    , . .

    Lo n d o n 1 79 8 ( B M ) , .

    V v r rr iv d i H w ii M r h 2 1792
    a n co u e a e n a a a c , .

    7 . KOT Z EB U E OTTO VON A v oya ge o f d i sc ov e ry i n t o the S ou th S ea a n d


    , ,

    B ee r in g s S tr a i t s fo r the p u rp os e o f e x p l o r i n g a n o rth ea s t
    ’

    p a s sa g e u n d rt a k en in the yea r s 1 8 1 5 1 8 1 8
    , in the
    e -
    ,
    o
    0 Be r n ic e P . B is ho p M ”s e w n —
    B ulle tin

    h i p Ru r i c k
    s t ra n s l a t e d e d i t i on b y H E Ll oy d . . .

    3 v o l s L o n d o n 1 82 1 ( B M ) .
    , ,
    .

    O r igi l p bl i h d i G rm t W im r 82 t i l r d pl t
    f b tt r fl i
    na , u s e n e an a e a , 1 1 , c on a n s co o e a es
    o u de ri b d by E h h l t E g l i h tr l t i by H E Ll y d
    es e sc e sc sc o z . n s ans a on . . o .

    3 v l L d
    o s . 1821 ( B M)
    on on , .

    Th x p d it i e rriv d i H w ii N v m b 2 8 6
    e e on a e n a a o e er 2, 1 1 .

    8 .
    ” S C H S C H OL TZ
    ‘
    E J OH A N N F RI EDRI C H En to m ogr a p hien 1 L i e f e r un g
    , , , .

    1 28 ii i p 1 1 c ol p l
    ,
    cm B e r li n G Rei m e r 1 822
    .
    , . .
    ,
    .
    , , .
    ,
    .

    Th H w ii e p i d ri b da H y d ph il
    a an smi l i d i (p
    e c es esc e a re : ro us se c n r c us .

    d Bl t p
    an t t
    a a (p w hi h i
    unc a a y y m f Py l i m. i c s a s non o c n os c e us s ur na
    -
    e us s

    ( Li n n ) .

    M ATH I SO N G F ,
    . .
    ,
    Na rr a t i v e Of a v isi t to B ra zil Ch il e , , Pe r u , and

    the Sa n d w i c h Is l a n d s , du ring th e y ea s 1 8 2 1 a n d 1 82 2 r .

    Lo n d o n ,
    1 825 ( BM) .

    Ma t h i s on a rriv ed in H a w ii J a un e 24 , 1 822 .

    BYR O N , LO RD V oya g e O f H M S ,
    . . .
    “
    B l on d e ”
    to the Sa n d w i ch I sl a nd s ,

    in the y ea r s 1 82 4 5 Lon d on -
    .
    , 1 826 .
    ( B M)
    STEWA RT , C . S .
    , J ou r na l Of a r es i de nce
    in the S a n d w i c h I s l a n d s , d u r
    in g th e yea r s 1 82 3 , 1 824 , a n d 1 82 5 Lon d o n , 1 828 , .

    (B M)
    ES C H S C H OL TZ F RI EDRI C H oo l o g i s c h e r At l a s
    ,
    K ot z eb u e s s econ d , Z .
    ’

    v oya g e 1 823 6 B e r l i n 1 829 ( H S ),


    -
    , ,
    .

    No Ha w a ii a n i n s ec t s a pp ea r to b e d i s cu s s ed b u t b eetl e s a n d o t he r a n i ,

    m al fo r ms fro m ot he r Pa c ifi c i s l a n d s a re d es c r i b ed a n d i ll u s tra t e d b y col o r e d


    plt a es .

    K OTZ EB U E , OTTO VO N ,
    v oya ge r ou n d the w o r l d in the yea r s A n ew ,

    1 82 3 ,
    1 826 2 v ol s
    1 8 24 1 825 L on d o n 1 8 3 0 ( B M )
    , , . .
    , , .

    B EEC H EY C A PTA I N F W , Na rr a t i v e o f a v oy a ge to the P a c i fi c . .


    ,

    1 825 8 2 v o l s Lon d on 1 83 1 (BM) -


    . .
    , .

    Th fi r t x p rt e f g r t C l if r i d i
    s e d ( l 2 pp
    o 00 do su a o a o n a scu s s e vo .
    , . 1 an
    H w ii
    no I t m ti d a a an n sec s en one .

    MO NTGO M ERY J A M ES J ou r n a l o f v oya ges a n d t ra v el s b y the Rev


    , , .

    D a n i el Tyer m a n a n d G eo rge B en n et Es q Lo n d o n ,
    .

    M i s s i on a r y S o c i e t y in the S o u th S e a i s l a n d s Ch i n a , , ,

    I n d i a etc b e t w ee n th e y ea r s 1 82 1 a n d 1 8 29
    , .
    , 2 v ol s . .

    Lo n d on 1 83 1 ( B M ) , .

    Ty m er d B t r h d H w ii i Ap ri l 8
    an an en n e ea c e a a n , 1 22 .

    BI S H O P S ER ENO E Rem i n i sc en ces o f old Ha w a i i O r i g i na ll y p ub


    , .
    ,
    “

    l is h d in the F r i e n d ( B M ) a n d in the Hon o l u l u Adv e rt i s e r


    e

    9
    1 9 0 1 1 02 Re pr i t e d in b oo k f o r m H o n o l u l u 1 9 1 6 ( B M )
    -
    n

    Th R m i i
    .
    , , .

    e s r l t
    e h i fl y t th p ri d
    n sce n c e83 0 860 e a e c e o e e o 1 -
    1 .

    M A LO D AVI D Ha w a ii a n a n t i q u i t i es ( M oo l elo H a w a i i ) t r a n s l a t e d
    , , , ,

    fr o m the o r i g i a l Ha w a i i a n b y Dr N B Em e r s o n : B P B i s h n . . . . .

    op Mu s S p ec i a l Pu b ] 2 H on o l u l u 1 9 0 3 ( B M )
    .
    , , .

    M t f M l l H w i w
    os o wri tt 83 5 3 6 P rt f i t w r p r i t d
    oo e o a a i as en 1 -
    . a s o e e n e
    in 1 83 8, 1 839 , a n d 1 85 8 .
    I lli ng w or thf — Ea r ly f
    r e er en c es to H a w a iia n en to m ol ogy 21

    18 BUR M EI STER HER M A N N R hyn gota s eu H em i pt e r a B e i t ra ge z u r


    Z oo lo g i e gesa mm e l t a u f e i n e r Re i se u m d ie E rd e v on D r
    .
    .
    , ,

    .
    ,

    F J F M eyen pp 28 5 3 06 No v a A c t a A c a d C a es Leop
    . . .
    , .
    -
    . . . .
    ,

    B res l a u u n d B on n 1 83 4 ( B M ) , .

    B rm i t r d
    u rib A p g i
    e s e B rm es c es so us r s eu s u .

    19 . ERI CKS O N H W C o l eo pt e ra a n d Le p i d o pt e r a B e i t r a g e u r Zo ol o
    ,
    . .
    ,
    . z

    gie g e sa m m e l t a u f e i e r R e i s e u m d ie E rd e v on D r F J F n , . . . .

    M eyen pp 2 1 9 284 No v a A c t a A c a d C a es Leo p


    , .
    —
    . .
    ,
    .

    B r e s l a u u n d B o n n 1 83 4 ( B M ) ,
    .

    Er i k d rib A h m
    c son Eri h (p
    esc es nc o e n us eo r r u s c u s c s . .

    B OI SDUVA L J A V o ya g e d e l A s tr o la b e p en d a n t le s a n n ee s 1 826 29
    ’
    20 .
    ,
    . .
    , ,
    -
    ,

    fa u n e e n t o mo l og i qu e d e l oc e an Pa c ifi q u e Coleop ter e s Pa r i s ’

    , , ,

    1 83 5 , ( B M ) ( AF )
    C o ly m b e tes pa c ifion s Es c h . an d C o l vm b e tes pa r v u l u s Es c h .
    (p .
    5 0) a re
    d esc rb i ed .

    21 .
    *
    D EJ EA N ,
    P . F M . . A .
    , C a t a l o gue des c o le o p té r e s d e la co ll ec t i on de
    M le C ompt e D e j ea n 3d ed , p 5 03 , Pa r i s , 1 83 7 .

    R
    . . . .

    e fe en ces r t H w ii p i o a a an s ec es a r e C oly m b e tes pacifi ca s Esc h p 5 5 , . . a nd


    C .
    pa rv u lu s Esc h .
    , p . 56 .

    22 . CH A P I N A LO N Z O ,
    R em a rk s o n the S a n d w i c h I s l a n d s ; th e i r
    s i t u a t i on c l i ma t e d i s e a s es ,
    H a w a ii a n S p ec t a t o r v ol 1 , .
    , .
    ,

    NO 3 pp 248 267 H on o l u l u 1 83 8 ( B M ) ( H S )
    .
    , .
    -
    , ,
    .

    23 .
    JA RV ES J J S k e t c h es o f K a u a i : H a w a i i a n S p ec t a to r v ol 1 NO 1
    , . .
    , , .
    , .
    ,

    pp 66 86 Ho n o l u l u 1 83 8 ( B M ) ( H S )
    .
    -
    , ,
    .

    24 . B EN N ET F D Na rra t i v e o f a w h a li n g v oya g e r oun d the g l ob e


    ,
    . .
    ,

    fro m the yea r s 1 833 to 1 83 6 Lon d on 1 840 ( B M ) , ,


    .

    B t rriv d i H w ii Ap r i l 6; 834
    en n e a e n a a 1 1 .

    25 .
    JA RV ES J A M ES J H i s t o ry o f the Ha w a i i a n o r Sa n d w i c h I s l a n d s
    ,
    .
    , .

    B os t on 1 843 ( B M ) , .

    26 . P I CK ERI NG CH A R L ES The r a c e s o f m en a n d th e i r ge o gr a ph i c a l
    , ,

    d i s tr ib u t i on : U S Ex p l o r i n g e xp e d i t i on I X P h il . .
    ,

    a d e l ph i a 1 84 8 ( B M ) ( HS ) ,
    .

    T hi x p d it i m d s e bri f ll t H w ii i S p t mb r 84
    e on a e a e ca a a a n e e e , 1 0 .

    27 .
    *
    D OU B LEDA Y EDWA RD Fi r s t li s t o f B r i t i s h M u se u m b u tt e r fl i es
    , , ,

    Lo n d on ,

    D r ib f r p i m
    esc es f V d i ( p 79 ) fr m H w ii tw
    ou s ec en s o a n es s a ca r u . o a a , o
    br ght by C pt i B yr i 8 5 d tw b y C p t i B h y i 8 7
    ou a a n on n 1 2 an o a a n e ec e n 1 2 .

    28 .
    JA RV ES J A M ES J S c en e s a d Sc e n e ry in the S a n d w i c h I s l a n d s
    ,
    .
    ,
    n

    B os t o n 1 844 ( B M ) , .

    D ri b th tt mpt t t bl i h
    e sc es i l k i d try t K l
    e a i 83 7
    e o es a s a s n us a o oa n 1
    84 r d rd f l by th rvg f p hi d w d l w hi h
    q tly t rv d th i lk w rm ( pp
    1 1, en e e u n s ucc e ss u e a a es o a , or oo o u se, c
    d tr y d th m lb rry tr
    es o e e d u e e es an c on s e uen s a e e s o s .

    105 Th i lk pl t t i t H l i i l d i s d ( pp 64
    e
    “
    s an a on
    ”
    a an a e s a so s cu s e . 1
    22 B er n ic e P B is hop M us eu m B ulle ti .
    —
    n

    M OTS C H U LS K Y V I CTOR ,M u s é e En t o m o l o g i q u e DE, O b se rv a t i o n s su r le


    d e l u n iv ers ité i mp é r i a l e d e M os c o u : S oc I m p e r Na t Mos c ou
    '

    . . .

    B u l l v o l 1 8 pp 3 3 2 3 88 pl s 5 7 1 84 5 ( A F )
    ,
    .
    , .
    -
    , .
    -
    , .

    T hi d i sc us ses the
    s p apee e es c o ec e d r Es ch s c ho l tz d u i n g h is b tl ll t by r
    tw o v oy a g e s a o u n d th e o r
    d Pl a githm y s u s n g fo r S te n opter u s p u lv e r w rl , . .

    u l e n tu s Es c h ( p p 3 69 Pl 6 , 5 figs I n e o d es c i e d f om
    . a i fo n i a
    . . . rr r rb r Cl r .

    M OTS C H U LS K Y V I CTOR ,
    DE, R e m a rq u es s u r la c o l l ec t i o n d e c o l eop

    t er es r u s s es d a V i c t o r Motsc hu l s k y : So c . I m p e r Na t M o sc o u
    . .

    B u l l v ol 28 pp 1 8 5 .
    ,
    .
    —
    , p ls . 1- 3 , 1 84 5 .
    ( AF )
    S ten op ter us p u lv er u len tu s Es ch . is e rr o n eo u s ly r eco rd ed f r om C li
    a
    fo rn ia , p . 25 0 .

    *
    DOU B L EDA Y EDWA RD The gen e ra o f d i u r n a l Le p i d opt e r a compr i s
    , ,
    ‘

    in g th e i r g e e r i c c h a r a c t e r s a n o t i c e o f th e i r h a bi t s a n d t r a n s
    n ,

    f o r ma t i on s a n d a c a t a l og O f the s p ec i es o f ea c h gen u s 2 v o l s
    ,
    . .
    ,

    86 p l s ( 8 5 Lo n d o 1 846 n,

    R fr t V
    . .

    e e en c e d i fr m H w ii i f o d p g 05 a n es s a ca r u o a a s o un on a e 2 .

    F A I R M A I RE M LEO N Es s a i d es Co leo pté r es d e l a Poly n es ie : Rev


    Z
    .
    .
    , ,

    et M ag d e oo l J u n e 1 849 ( H S PA ) ( A F ) ( U S )
    . .
    , ,
    .

    H y d r ob ius in a ta o p a n a i o n o n
    s e mic y lz n d r i c u s
    '

    Es c h was co ll t ec e d r l tt
    r l
    .

    Oa hu ( p 3 0 o f s e p 434 o f o igi n a ) H e te r oplz a ga ma u r i ta n ica F a b r


    . .
    .

    r r C r T t
    .

    obs c u r a B o is d f o m ahi i (p
    is eco d e d (p a l so a la n d r a
    -

    . .
    .

    T hi s s p ec i e s o f a a n d a o r igi n a Cl
    d e s c i e d f o m Ne w I e a n d , is the er ,
    lly rb r rl w ll
    w
    k n o n ca n e o e b rr
    in H a a ii ; n o w p a c e d in the g e n u s Rh a b d o c n e m is
    -
    w l .

    CH EEVER ,
    H EN RY T .
    ,
    The i sl a n d wo rl d of the Pa c i fi c , Ne w Y o rk ,

    1 85 1 .
    (B M)
    s A I R M A I R E) M L . .
    , Rev . et M ag d e .
    p '
    SI )
    1 85 0 '

    D A LL A S W S ,
    . .
    , Li s t of s p ec i m en s of H e m i pt e r a in the Br i t i s h
    M u seu m pt , . 1, Lo n d o n ,
    1 85 1 ; pt . 2, 1 85 2 .
    ( AF )
    The s p ec e s i
    Ey s a r c or is i n s u la r is , pt . 1 , p . 228 and R /i y pu r o r /i r o m u s
    n igr ic e J s ,
    / pt . 2 p 5 77 a r e d es c i e d
    , .
    , rb .

    DU N C A N WI LL I A M O n the prev en t i o n
    , , and r d i ca t i o n o f w o rm s
    e a
    '

    R oy H a w Agr i c S o c T r a s v ol
    . . . . n , . 1, NO 3 pp 7 1 86 Ho n o
    .
    , .
    -
    ,

    l ulu ,
    1 85 2 .
    (BM)
    T hi s x ll t f th t p r i d d l r
    ly w i t h th e c on o m c i
    bj t
    p a pe , e ce en or a e o , ea s on e

    ph a s es o f th e s u ec .

    NEW CO M B W ES L EY ( M , R ep o rt o f the co mm i tt ee o n . wo rm s
    a n d o th e r i j u r i ou s v e r m i n : R o y H a w Agr i c S o c n . . . . T ra n s ,

    v ol I NO 3 pp 94 9 7 Ho n o l u l u 1 85 2 ( B M )
    .
    , .
    , .
    -
    , , .

    T hi i s v l bl p p r d l i g r th r p i fi lly w i th th i
    s a a ua e a e ea n a e s ec ca e n s ec t pes t s
    Of g r i lt r
    a cu u e .

    T H I ERRY B A R O N D E R ep o rt o n b ees : Ro y Ha w Agr i c S oc


    , , . . . . T ra n s ,

    v ol I No 3 p 1 1 6 Ho no l u l u 1 8 5 2 ( B M )
    R rd th fi r t tt mpt t i t d b d i r t fr m N w Z
    , ,
    . . . .
    , ,

    ec o s e s a e o n ro uc e ees ec o e ea a n dl .
    24 B ern ice P B is hop . M “s ew n —
    B u lle tin

    V I R G I N C A , V oya g e a u t o u r d u m on d e s u r la fr é g a t e S u é d o i s e
    , . .

    s o u s l e c o mm a n d e m en t d e C A
    “
    l Eu gen ie 1 85 1 5 3
    ’
    -

    Z
    , , . .

    V i rg i n oo l o g i e I I n s e c t a , 6 1 7 p p 9 Pl s
    . S t oc kh o l m , . .
    ,
    .

    1 8 5 8 68 -
    .

    The fo ll o w i n g g ro u p s o f i n s ec t s a r e d i s c us se d : C o l eo pt e ra b y C H , . .

    B o h e ma n pp 1 2 1 8 1 85 8 ; He m i p t e ra by C S t a l p p 2 1 9 298 1 85 9 ; O rt h
    , .
    -
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    O p t e ra by C S t a l p p 29 9 3 5 0 1 860 ; Lep i d opt e ra by H D J Wa lle ngr e n


    , .
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    ,

    3 5 1 3 90 1 86 1 ; Hy me n o p t e r a by A E Hol mg ren pp 3 9 1 442 1 868 ; -


    pp
    -
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    ,

    D ip t r by C
    e a, Th m pp 443 6 4 868 . G . o s on , .
    —
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    B O H EM A N C H C o l eo pt e r a : V o ya g e d e l Eu gen ie I n s ec t a pp
    “ '
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    1 1 3 2 1 8 PI 2 S t oc kh o l m 1 8 59
    -
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    Th f ll w i g g r de p i d
    o r i b d fr m H l l O d m
    o n en e a an s ec e s esc e o on o u u : o e as

    n g.
    ( p 13 8 ) r t d f
    en . O d m .
    p 13 8 ; R l y l l g l c ea e or o e as a e n cs c e n s , . i n c o us on u us ,

    p . Rli y n c ol us gr a c i lis , p 1 5 0 ; M ega s celis s u b tilis , p 1 5 2 ; Lu per us i n


    1 49 ; . .
    -

    s u la r is , p 1 82 ; G r a p to d e r a v er tic a l is , a s o fo u n d in
    . a i fo n i a a n d a hi i , p l Cl r T t .

    1 87 ; Cr epid o d e r a pu b er u la , a s o fo u n d in a i fo n i a and a hi i , p 1 96 ; l Cl r T t .

    H yp er a s pis a n n u la r is , a s o fo u n d in a i fo n i a , p 205 ; S cy mm i s ki n b e r gi, l Cl r .

    p . 209 .

    ST A L C ( AR L ) Hem p ite ra : V oy a ge d e I n s ec t a , pp
    “
    l Eu gen ie ,
    ’

    .
    , ,

    2 1 9 - 29 8 , p ls .
    3 a n d 4 S t o c kh o l m 1 8 5 9 ,(B M) , .

    The fo o i n g ll w sp e c i es d e s c r i b e d fr o m Hon o l u l u : A r m a pa tr u elis p ,


    .

    220 ; A r m a pa c ifi ca -

    , p 22 1 ; Ny s i u s c o e n os u l u s p 243 ; Ca ps us pe ll u c i d u s p
    .
    , .
    , .

    255 ; D e lpha x p u l c h r a , p . 27 5 ; B y l h o s c o p us e'id u u s , p . 29 1 .

    STA L C ( AR L )
    O rtho pt e r a : V o ya g e d e l Eu gen ie I n sec t a pp
    “ ’

    , , , , . 299

    3 5 0 PI 5 S t o c kh o l m 1 860
    , (BM)
    .
    , ,
    .

    G omph oc e r us ( Hy a lopter y x ) p le b ei u s is d e s c r i b e d fr o m H on ol u l u
    ’

    , p 3 39
    . .

    O ST EN - S A C K EN B a r o n Ein fu h r u n g v on M u c k en ( C u l e x ) au f d en
    Z
    , ,

    S a n d w i c h -I n s e l n : S tett En t -
    . . e it . . v ol . 22 , pp .
    51 , 52 , 1 86 1 .

    ( H S PA )
    Des c rib es i n tro d uc t i o n o f
    the m o s q ui to es ( C l x) u e , a b t ou 1 828 —
    3 0, i n an
    Old s h i p f rm o M a z a tl a n M e x i c o , .

    WA L LEN G REN ,
    H . D J . .
    , Le p i d o pt e r a , V oy a g e d e l En gé n ie
    “ ’

    , In
    s ec a , t pp .
    35 1 - 390 . pl s . 6 an d 7 . S t o c kh o l m 1 86 1 (BM) , .

    ll w
    The fo o i n g s p e c i e s a r e d e s c i e d f o m H o n o u u : rb r l l C o lias po n re n i ,

    3 5 1 ; H e li o th i s i n fla ta , p 3 76 ; S a lb ia c o n-ti n n a ta l is , p 3 8 1
    ’

    p . . . .

    *
    H AG EN H A No t i z en b e i m S t u d i u m v on B ra u e r s No v a r a Ne u
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    ,

    ro p te r e n : V erb . oo l . b o t G es . . \lVien . . v ol . 17. p 34 1 867


    .
    , .

    F ro m
    Oa hu a r e e c o d ed : r r A na x s h en u u s
    '

    n sp . . and A n ax j i m i us n sp. .

    S p e c i m en s o f 3 j u n i us m B e r n li M u se u m a re lbl a e ed A . o c e ll a tus ,
    A . s ev e r u s ,

    a n d A ls c h u a pra s i n a .

    HO L M G R EN A H y m en o pt e r a V o ya g e d e I n s ec t a
    “
    E l Eu gen ie
    ’

    .
    , .
    , .
    , ,

    p p 39 . 1 - 44 2, pl . 8 , S t o c kh o l m 1 86 8 (BM) , .

    T he fo ll w i g o n s p ec e s i
    d es c a re rib ed fr o m H ofi o l u l u : E c li tli r o m o r pha
    ma c u lipen n is 406 a n d R hy gc lu m n n ig r ip e n n e,
    '

    , p .
    ,
    .

    p .
    44 1 .

    S CU DDER S H A c e n t u r y O f O rth opt e r a D ec a d e I G r yllid es : B o s


    ,
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    , .
    ,

    to n S o c Na t H i s t P r oc vol 12 pp 1 39 1 4 3 B os t on 1 868
    . . . .
    , .
    , .
    -
    , ,
    .

    (BM)
    Tr igo n i d iu m pa c ific m n is d e s c r i b e d fro m the H a w a ii a n I s l a n d s p 1 39 , . .
    I l lin gw or th —
    Ea r ly r e er en c es f to H a w aiia n e n tom o l ogy 25

    T H O M S ON C ,
    D i pt e r a V o ya ge d e
    . G l Eu gé n ie
    .
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    ,
    I n s ec t a pp ,
    .

    44 3
    -
    6 1 4 p l 9 S t oc kh o l m 1 868
    , (B M)
    .
    , ,
    .

    The f ll w i g p i
    o o d r i b d fr m H l l S
    n s ec es a re es c e o on o u u : a r c opha ga ba r
    b a ta , p 5 3 3 ; S a r c opha ga au x , p 5 3 4 ; S a c r opha ga pa llin er v is , p 5 3 5 ;
    . a ta . . C
    i
    p p c e li a la l i m bi pen n is , p 54 1 ; M u s c a fla v i n er v i s ,
    v a r ?
    p 547 ; Li s pe m eta . . .

    ta r s a l is , p 5 62 ; Tr ype ta cr a s s ipes p
    .
    5 83 , . .

    *
    STA L C A R L En n u m e r a tio H e mip te r o r u m I
    , ,
    : K Sv ensk a
    . V et A k -
    .

    H a n d 1 v o l 9 pp 1 1 2 1 1 87 0 .
    ,
    .
    , .
    -
    ,
    .

    D y s d er cu s p er u v ia n u s G u er rd d fr m H w ii r . is eco e o a a .

    WATERH OU S E C 0 O n a n ew gen u s a d s p ec i es O f C o l eo pte ra b e ,


    .
    ,
    n

    l o n g i n g to the fa m ily L u c a n i d a e fr om th e S a n d w i c h I s l a n d s , ,
    '

    En t S oc Lon d o n T r a n s p 3 1 5 1 87 1
    . .
    ,
    .
    ,
    .

    M H rp r P r t tw p i m a f e w b tl fr m H ea s e l l s en o s ec en s o a ne ee e o on o u u ,

    w hi h W t r h r t d th g
    .

    f or c A pt
    a e y l m i g th ou s e w c ea e e en u s e r oc c us , na n e ne

    s p i ec es A l l l i Th.
    p im w r fr m th m t i
    i o n o n n en s s f . ese s ec en s e e o e o un a n s O
    K i a ua .

    BUTL ER A G L i s t o f the d i u r n a l Le p i d o pt e ra o f the S ou th S ea


    ,
    . .
    ,
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    I s l a n d s : 200 1 S oc Lo d o n P r o c pp 2 74 29 1 p l 44 ( c ol . . n .
    ,
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    .

    o red ) M a y 5 1 87 4 (BM), ,
    .

    Th f ll w i g p i e fr m th H w ii
    o o i l d n i l d d Py s ec es o e a a an s an s a re nc u e : ra

    i
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    p 84 ; C l i p t i W ll g
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    P pi li a p d o Li s ar r d d fr m th H w ii i l d by B h y
    e on n n a eus , eco r e o e a a an s an s ee c e ,

    p .
    9 N m ti
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    e d ly i th i l d (S
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    the H a w a ii a n I s l a d s En t M o th M a g ol 11 p 92 n . n .
    , v .
    ,
    . .

    1 87 4 ( A ) ( H S PA ) .

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    , an re ea a ce ra a
    -
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    a re n o e td b d t d i d t p y th p d
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    *
    STA L C A R L En n u m e r a tio H e m ip te r o r u m I V : S v en s k V et A k
    , , . . .

    H a n d 1 v o l 1 2 pp 1 2 1 a n d 1 5 2 1 8 7 4 .
    , .
    , .
    , .

    I l d nc u t Ny i es l d Pn o es ig i p fr m H w ii on s ns c a en os n n s an a nz er a n r ce s o a a .

    T HRU M T H OM A S Not es o n the h i s t o ry o f co ff ee c u l t u r in Ha w a i


    , , e

    ia n I s l a n d s : H a w A n n fo r 1 8 7 6 pp 4 6 5 2 1 87 5 (B M) -

    R f t th ff bl ig ht w i th d i i f tr l m r p 49
    . .
    , .
    , .

    e ers o e co ee a s cu s s o n o co n o ea s u e s , . .

    S C UDDER S H A c os m o p o li t a n b u tt e r fl y its bi rthp l a ce a n d n a t u r a l


    ,
    . .
    , ,

    h i s t o ry : A me r Na t J u l y 1 876 ( A F )
    R f r t th i gl it t i f V
    ,
    . .
    ,

    e e s o d i Li fr m th H w ii
    e s n e c a on O a n es s a ca r u nn o e a a an
    r d i th fi r t l i t f th B ri t i h M m B tt r fl i s
    .

    i l d
    s an w hi h s, pp c a ea e n e s s O e s u seu u e e
    w h r ( p 7 9 ) M D bl d y r d i t f r p i m t th i l d tw
    _

    e e . r . ou e a c e s ou S ec en s o ose s an s, o
    br g ht by C p t i B y r
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    m i f m d b M im i h m m
    “
    I a B l h h
    n i wor l e y r ut e r t a t t e re s no on y on e S p ec t e
    d wi h I l ik i i
    .
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    '
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    W T B i h m i f m m d hi m l f d
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    r g V d i w
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    f or i p ts i D Pi k i
    res e n t i h i w k
    e x s te n c e w wh h Wi lk r c er n g w r te s t at t as un no n en t e es ex
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    and
    w a s a t th e s l a n d s fr o m t h e en d o f S e p te m b e r to th e b e g n n n g o f A p r
    ’
    B e e c he y s s ts vi i
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    M r B u tl e r d o es n o t c o n s d e r th e S p e c m e n i n the B r t s h M u s e u m , n o r t h e r ec o r d o f
    B ro n
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    y i i i i i i i
    .

    D o u b le d a , s u f fi c e n t a u tho r ty t o n c l u d e t h s n s ec t i n hi s l s t o f S o u t h S ea b u tte r fl e s
    U i ly iy i
    .

    p o n t h e w h o l e, w e c a n n o t fa r a c c e p t t h e p r e s e n t a u th o r t fo r th e p re se n c e o f th s
    in s e c t i n t he P a c fi c s la n d s i I
    ( S ee a l s o 24 , 27 , a n d .

    WA LLA C E A ,
    R . .
    ,
    G eo gr a ph i ca l d i s tr ib u t i o n of an imals , 2 v ol s .
    , Lo n
    d on , 1 87 6 .

    C t ion a n s a bri ef no e t on A p te r o c y c l u s ( v ol . 1, p .

    B L AC K B UR N T H O M A S I n se c t n o t es fr om the S a n d w i c h I s l es : En t
    , ,
    - .

    M on th M a g v ol 1 3 pp 22 7 2 28 Lo n d on 1 87 7 .
    ( AP ) , .
    , .
    -
    , ,
    .

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    n i f th i
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    “
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    o e ea r gs a n c oc r oa c e s ,

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    e f h m
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    i y
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    "
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    , ,

    O f tw o n e w s p e c i es o f C o s s o n id a e fro m the S a n d w i c h I s l a n d s
    :

    En t Mon th M a g v o l 1 4 pp 4 5 Lon d on 1 827


    .
    ( AF ) .
    ,
    .
    ,
    .
    -
    , ,
    .

    A n o the o ru s n . g en .
    , A . m o n ta n u s n sp . .
    , O o d e ma s ha l tic o id es , n sp . . a re

    d esc rb i ed .

    B LA C KB UR N T H O M A S Ch a r a c t e r s o f a ew gen u s a n d d esc r i pt i o n s
    , ,
    n ,

    O f n e w s p ec i es o f G e o d p ha ga fr o m th e S a n d w i c h I s l a n d s I :

    ,
    e ,

    En t M o n th M a g v ol 1 4 pp 1 42 1 48 Lo n d o n 1 87 7
    .
    ( AF) .
    , .
    , .
    -
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    o o S i n n sec s a re es c e : a r on c u n . en .
    , . n c on

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    n sp. .
    ,
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    n s p , A s c r u pu l os u s n s p , A
    . .
    fr a ter n u s n s p A m etic u los a s n s p , A c u n ei . . . . .
    , . . . .

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    . . . . . . . . . . .

    tiv us n S p , A my s tic u s n S p , D ys c o lu s ta n ta lu s n s p
    . . . D pa l ma e n S p , D . . . .
    , . . . .

    m u ta b ilis n s p , D c a ligin os a s n sp . . . . .

    BUT LER A h e t e r oc e r ou s Lep i d o pt e r a r ece n t l y c o ll ec t ed


    ,
    . G .
    , Li s t of

    b y th e R e v T B l a c k b u r n in th e Ha w a i i a n I s l a n d s : En t M on th . . . .

    Ma g v ol 1 4 pp 4 7 5 0 Lon d on 1 8 7 7 , (AF ) .
    , .
    -
    , , .

    Th f r m d ri b d e D il phil o li i E p r P t p
    s i es c e a re : e e a t 'or n ca s e .
    ,
    ro o a r ce c n

    g l t
    u a a F b L i di l t aW l k r P d i i gl i W l k r P l i
    .
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    ro en a n or a a e , us a

    ti i ll t
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    , . ns n s
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    n s er n a
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    . .
    ,

    c a en eus a s i p B pt a p Py l i e h ti , o s ac ur n n s . .
    , . a cc e a n s . .
    ,
    ra s ac a na
    n s
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    . Rh d i.
    , d p t p Hy
    o i ar a li F b Eph ti l t ll
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    , i n en a
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    r ec u r v a s a , es a c u e a
    H b A gy
    u th i
    .
    p
    , L v r r p res a s .
    , a e na s .

    WHIT E F ,
    D es c r i pt i o s o f n e w s p ec i es O f h et e r o pt e rou s Hemip
    . B .
    ,
    n

    t e ra c o ll ec t ed in Ha w a i i a n I s l a n d s by B l a c k b u r n No 1 : An , .

    h a l s a n d Ma
    g Na t H i s t 4th s e r v o l 20 pp ” 0 1 1 4 1 87 7 . .
    , .
    , .
    , .
    -
    , .

    ( H S PA )
    The S p e c i es
    d es c i e d a r e Cy d n id a e : G eo to m us s u b tr is tis n s p , G rb . . .

    j u c u n d n s n s p A n th r o c o r id a e : Tr ipl eps per s eq n en s n s p , Ca r d ia s th e thu s


    . .
    —
    . .

    mu n d u lus n S p Na b id a e : N a b is in n o ta tus n S p N s u b r u fus n s p , N l us


    . .
    —
    . .
    , . . . .

    c i os a s n s p — Emes i d a e : L a tena
    . i n s o li d a n s p
    . H eb r id a e : M e rr a ga ta n g en , —

    C rx C
    . . . .

    M h eb r oid es n s p — o i i d a e :
    . o r ix a b la c k b u r n i n s p
    . . . .
    Be r n ic e P . Bis /top M us e i n n — B u lle tin

    TUELY N C ,
    . .
    , D es c r i pt i o n o f n ew s p ec i es of bu tt e r fl y fro m S a n d w i c h
    Is la n d s : En t Mo n th . . Ma g ,
    v ol . 15, pp 9 1 0 1 8 78 ( A F )
    .
    -
    , .

    Desc rib es H o lo c lu la b la c kb u r n i
    '

    n sp. .

    T UELY ,
    N C . .
    , D esc r i pt i on Of the l a rv a e Of Pyr a m e is hu n ter i : En t .

    M on th M a g .
    , vol . 1 5, pp . 1 6 - 1 7 , 1 87 8 .
    ( AF )
    WH ITE F ,
    D e s c r i pt i on s o f n ew s p ec i es O f h et er opt e r o u s H em ipt
    . B .
    ,

    e r a c o ll c t e d in the Ha w a i i a n i s l a n d s b y the Rev


    e T B l ac k b u r n . .
    ,

    No 2 : A n n a n d Ma g Na t H i s t 5 th s e r v ol 1 pp 3 65 3 74
    . . . .
    ,
    .
    , .
    , .
    -
    ,

    1 87 8 .
    ( H S PA )
    The He m i p t e ra d es c ri b e d
    A so p id a e : O e c lz a l ia pa tr u el is S ta a re l .

    y
    L ga e i d a e : Ny s i n s d a lla s i n s p , N d e lec tu s n s p N a r b o r i co la n s p N . . . . .
    , . . .
    , .

    c o e n os u l u s S a P a m er a n ig r ic eps D a t l
    C le r a d a a p icic o r -m s S ign
    . Re c la d a ll ,
    '

    n g en
    . R m o es ta n sp , M e tra r ga n ge n , M n n d a n s p , M v -fll os a n s p
    .
    , . . . . . . . . . . .

    C a ps ida e : C p
    ’

    u s n s pe l l n c i a
    ’
    us S a A n thoc o r d id a e : C a r d ia s te th u s s o d a l is tl .
    —

    Ac a n th iid a e : A ca n thia l ec tu la r ia Li n n - S a ld id a e : S a ld a ex u la n s n s p
    ’

    n sp. . . . .

    —
    Na b id a e : Na b is b la c k b n r n i n s p — V e liid a e : M i c r on e l ia v e ga n s n s p . . . .

    B L A C K B UR N T H O M A S Ch a r a c t e r s o f ne w g en e r a a n d d esc r i pt io n s
    , ,

    O f n e w s p e c i e s o f G eo d e p ha ga fr o m the H a w a ii a n i s l a n d s I II ,

    En t M o n th Ma g v o l 1 6 pp 1 04 1 09 Lon d o n 1 8 79
    .
    ( AF ) .
    ,
    .
    , .
    -
    , ,
    .

    B l kb r d i b A h m id
    ac A h m l ip t
    u n p A esc r es nc o en ae : nc o en us uc e en s n s . .
    , .

    i di i
    n ce n p Cy l thar a s p l p C b bi d i i d n S p C p d
    . .
    , c o or a x e e n s . .
    , . e n t- o es n s . .
    , . a ra ox u s

    n sp. C d ill i p C / m
    .
    , .
    p B mb id iid
    et 'c r B b id i m ( L p/ ) n s . .
    , . v i i co r s n s . .
    —
    e ae : en i u o 1a

    ign i c ola n sp . .

    B LA C K B UR N T H O M A S Va n es s a c a r d n i in Ha w a ii : En t M on th Ma g
    , ,
    . .
    ,

    v ol 16 p 1 6 1 Lo n d o n 1 879.
    (AF) , .
    , ,
    .

    Fr m th p p r by B l k b r th f ll w i g i q t d
    R f rri g t th p p r h d d Th R t Ab d
    o e a e ac u n e o o n s uo e

    e e n f V o e a e ea e
    “
    e ec en un a n ce o a n es s a

    i th A g t m b r f t hi m g z i it m y b f i t r t t t
    ”
    ca rd i u ,
    n e u us nu e o s a a n e, a e o n e es o no e
    t h t I h v b rv d th p i i
    a a i d r bl b d
    e O (b t t i sem e e s ec e s n c on s e a e a un a n ce u no n co

    p t ac w rm ) t v r i s p i t a th H w ii A r hi p l g
    s b tw F b
    a a ou s o n s on e a a an c e a o, e een e

    r ua r
    y d J ly t h i y r an t h gh I h v t p r vi ly t i d i t d
    u s ea —
    ou a e no e ou s no ce ur

    i g th t h r
    n y r I h v b l ivi g
    e th i l d ee It r lly V h ea s a e ee n n on e s an s . s n ea a , . un

    t i h
    er rr d i b t th as l mb r T h
    o cc u h b h r e n a ou e u s ua nu e s . e s e a s on as ee n e e,
    b bly m h l di r d m r h w ry t h l i G t B it i
    ,

    p ro a , as uc c ou e an o e s o e an u su a as n r ea r a n .

    V d i h b
    ca r rd d I b l i v
    u rr i g th
    as H w ii I l d ee n reco e , e e e, a s o ccu n on e a a an s an s,

    t t t hi m m t l y my h d t h ri ty ( S 24 7
    .

    b t I
    u ca n n o th a s o en a an s on e au o . ee , 2 ,

    37 . an d 6s .
    )
    B UT L ER A ,
    G O n h e t e r o c e r o u s L ep i d o pt e r a c o ll e c t e d in the H a w a i
    . .
    ,

    ia n i s l a n d s b y the R ev T B l a c k b u r n : En t M o n th M a g v o l . . . .
    , .

    1 5 , pp 269 2 7 3 Lon d on , 1 879 ( A F )


    .
    -
    ,
    .

    T he s p ec i e s d e s c r i b e d a r e Le uc a n ii d a e : L e u ca n ia ph o tophila n s p — No c
    -
    . .

    tu id a e : A g r o tis s u tfn s a W V A a r c n iv o la n s n s p H y d r o ca m p id a e : O ligo . .


    , . . .
    —

    s tig m a c n r ta n sp B o ty d id a e z B o tys a c c ep l a B u tl B c o n ti n u a ta lis ( S a l b ia


    . .
    —
    . . .

    c o n ti n u a ta l is B d e m a r a ta l is Wa k M ec y na ex igu a n s p La en tii d a e . l , . .
    —
    r
    La r en tia i n s u la r is n s p P s eu d oco r e mia pa lu di co la n s p S c o tos ia r a r a n sp . .
    ,
    . .
    , . .

    —
    Phy c id a e : P l o d ia i n te r pi m c ta lis H ii b — i n e i d a e : S ca r d ia l ign iv or a n s p T .
    '
    . .

    S H A R P D AVI D O n s o m e , ,
    C ol eop t e ra fr o m the Ha w a ii a n i s l a n d s : En t .

    S o c T r a n s pp 7 7 .
    , .
    -
    1 0 5 Lo n d o n 1 8 79 ( AF )
    , , .

    r t
    D e s c i p i o n s a r e giv en o f th b tl ll t d by B l k b r T h y r p
    e ee e s co ec e ac u n . e e te

    sen t y r l
    H d op hi i d a e : O m ic r us n . g en .
    , O . b r ev ipes n sp. .
    ,
    H y d r ophil us s e mi c y lin
    I l li ii gz t 07 tli Ea r ly f to H a w ai ia n e n to m ol ogy
    “
    r '
    —
    .

    r e er en c es 29

    d r ic u s Es c h , Cy c lon o tu m s u bq u a d r a tm n Fa i m , S pha e r ia im n a b d o min a l e F a b


    .
    ’
    r .

    t l
    .

    —
    Ni i d u i d a e : B r a c hy peplus tin c tu s n s p , B ex pla na tus n s p , B pr o ti n o id es . . . . . .

    n sp
    . . u c uj‘i d a e :
    —
    C M on a n u s n g e n M c r e n a tus n s p C o l y d iid a e : A n til is s u s . .
    , . . .
    —

    n gen , A
    . a s p er n s p — M y ce tOp ha gid a e : L i ta r gu s
    . . v es ti tu s n s p , P ro p a l tic u s
    . . . .

    n ge n
    . P oc u la tu s
    .
    , n sp S ca a a e i d a e : A ph o d i u s pa c ifi c us n s p — Cio id a e
    . . .
    —
    rb
    C C C C
    . .

    Cis a li en u s n s p pa c i fi cu s n s p pr o catu s n s p
    . s ign a tu s n s p
    .
    , .oi . . . . .
    , . . . .

    c ol or n s p l o b io n s n s p
    ’
    . . C
    d i m i n u ti v u s n s p ,
    . la e tic n l-
    a s n sp , ev a n es . .
    , C . . . C . . . C .

    c e n s n s p — Agl y c y d er i d a e : P r o te r li in u s n igr i ca n s n s p P
    . . c o l la r is n s p P hu . . . . . .

    m er a lis n s p P p n s ill u s n s p , P l o nga l u s n S p P ba s a lis n s p , P s te r n a lis


    . . . . . . . .
    , . . . .

    n sp , P
    . . le c on tei n S p , P pa r a d ox u s n s p
    . S co i d a e : H y po th en e mu s m a c a
    . . . . .
    —
    lyt
    li c o ll is n S p e am c ida e : . .
    —
    C r by
    C ly ta r lu s n u c r oga s ter n s p and n i o d cs tn s
    ’

    . .
    , C .

    n sp
    . .

    S M ITH F R EDERI CK D esc r i pt i o n s o f n e w s p ec i e s o f a c u l ea t e Hy


    , ,

    m en op tera c o ll ec t e d b y the R ev T h os B l a c k b u r n in the Sa n d . .

    w i c h i s l a n d s : L i n n S o c Lo n d o n J o u r n v ol 1 4 pp 6 7 4 6 8 5 . . .
    , .
    , .
    -
    ,

    1 8 79 (BM) .

    The d e s c i e d a re a s fo o s : F o r m ic id a e z
    S p ec e s i a mp on o tu s s ex rb ll w C
    gu tta tu s F a b , P h en ol ep is c la n d es ti na M a Pon e i d a e : P o n er a c on tr a c ta
    . yr . r
    La tr yr
    M m i c i d a e Te tr a mor iu m gu i neen s e F a b , P hei d o le pu s illa H e e , r
    R
    —
    . . .

    S o len ops is ge mma ta M a y an d oge —


    S p hegi d a e : P el opa eu s fla v ipes r . r .

    F ab .La r r id a e : P is o n ir id ipenn is n s p , P
    —
    h os pes a s p — C ra b ro n id a e . . . . .

    C ra b r o a fiin is n sp , ma n d ib u la r is n s p , d e n tic or n is n s p ,
    . u n ic o l or
    . C . . . C . . . C .

    t
    S m i h — Eu me n i d a e : O dy n er u s l oca lis n s p O m a u r u s n s p , O r u b r i tin c tu s
    . . .
    , . . . .

    n sp , O
    . . m o n ta n us n s p O c o n gr u us n s p , O d u bi os u s n s p , O a gi lis n s p
    . . .
    , . . . . . . . . .

    V es p i d a e : P o lis tes a u r ifer S a u s s — n d en i d a e : P r os o p is b la c k b u r n i n s p A r . .


    ,

    P fu s cipen n is n s p P fa ci lis n s p , P hila r is n s p P v o la til is n s p — p id ae A


    X ,
    . .
    , . . .
    . . . . . . .

    y lo c opa a en eipen n is D e G ee , a n d A pis m ellifi c a r


    i
    ega c hile d iligens
    fIn n n sp , . .

    WATERH OU S E C 0 D esc r i pt i on O f a n e w gen u s a n d s p ec i es O f , .


    ,

    h et e ro m e r ou s C o l eopt e ra o f the f a m il y Cistelid a e fro m Hon o


    l u l u : En t M on th Ma g v ol 1 5 pp 267 268 Lon do n 1 879 . .
    , .
    , .
    -
    , ,
    .

    Th g d p i d rib d
    e L b ti g L ti bi li
    en u s p an s ec es es c e a re : a e s n . en .
    , . a s n s
    . .

    WH ITE F D esc r i pt i on s o f n ew A n thocor id a e :


    ,
    . B .
    , En t . M on th .

    Ma g vo l 1 6 pp 1 4 2 1 48 Lon d on 1 879 , .
    , .
    -
    , , .

    Th f ll w i g d ri b d fr m H w ii D il i
    e o o n a re es c e o a a : as a d e n igr a ta n sp. .
    ,

    Ha a w ii f t; D d , l p H l l ; Li l i g ; ee . ec o o r n s . .
    , on o u u a n . en . L d i lec ta. n sp . .
    ,

    Ma u i f t , ee .

    B LA C KB UR N T H O M AS a n d K IR B Y W F No t es on s p ec i es o f a cu , , , . .
    ,

    le a te Hym en o pt e r a occ u rr i n g in the Ha w a i i a n i s l a n d s : En t .

    M on th M a g v o l 1 7 pp 8 5 89 Lon d on 1 880 (AF) .


    , .
    ,
    .
    -
    , , .

    Th f ll w i g p i di e d P pi bl k b
    o i Sm P f o i n s e c es a re s c u s se : r os o s ac ur n .
    , . a sc

    pen n is S m P fa c ilis S m P h ila r is S m P v o li ta lis S m , P fla v ifr on s n sp


    X
    - -
    .
    , . .
    , . .
    , . . . . .
    ,

    y l o c opa a en eiperm is D e G A pis m el ifi ca Li n n P e l opa eu s fla v ipes F a b .


    , .
    , .
    ,

    O d y n er u s lo ca lis S m O ma n r u s S m O r u b r i ti n c tn s S m O b la c k b ur n i .
    , . .
    , . .
    , .

    n sp . O m on ta n u s S m
    .
    , O c o n grn n s S m , O d n bi os u s S m O a gi lis S m
    . .
    , . . . .
    , . .
    ,

    C r a b r o a fi n is S m m a n d ib u la r i s S m d e n tic o r m s S m u n i c ol o r S m
    .
    , C . .
    , C .
    ’

    C ,

    C
    . .
    , .

    s tigi u s n s p P is o n i r r id ipen n zs S m P h os pes S m P o l is tes a u r i fer


    ’

    . .
    .
    , .
    ,

    C yr yr
    . .
    ,

    a mpo n o tu s s er gu tta tu s Ma P r en o leps is c la n d es ti na M a P o n e ra c o n .


    , .
    ,

    tr a c ta La L eptoge ny s i n s u la ris S m tr . Te tr a m o r iu m g u in e e n s e F a b , F li ei
    , .
    , .

    d o l e pn s il la H e e S o l en ops i s g e in in a ta F a b Ev a n ia Ia ev iga ta L a tr r .
    ,
    ’

    .
    , .
    30 B er n ic e P B is hop -

    . M us eu m —
    B u lle tin

    BUT L ER ARTHUR G O n tw o s m a ll c on s i gn m e t s o f Le p i d o pt e r a
    , .
    , n

    fr om the H a w a ii a n I s l a n d s : En t M on th M a g v ol 1 7 pp 6 9 . .
    , .
    , .
    —
    ,

    Lon d o n 1 88 0 ,
    .

    Th f ll w i g p i e ll t d b y B l k b r
    o d orib d D i n s ec es co ec e ac u n a re es c e : ana s
    ar chipp F b P t p us b l kb i p D il phil
    a li i .E p r
    ,
    ro o a r ce ac ur n n s . .
    , e e a v o r n ca s e .
    ,

    L i di l
    e u ca n a t W lk L t G P d i i gl i W l k
    s oc a a C a .
    , . e x r a n ea ue n .
    , ro en a n or a a .
    , ar
    adi m
    na Ag ti
    v en o ff G m l S p l ti l i l p S ro s su us a e .
    , ae o s u c c o en s n S . .
    , . cre
    m t a ap H li thin s .
    f t W lk P l i .
    , ti il l t G e T x mp o s co n e r a a .
    , us a v er c a a uen .
    , o oc a a

    n o c tiv o l a n s n sp . S c o tos ia r a r a B u tl Hy p ena o bs o l eta B u tl


    .
    , .
    , .
    , H in s ig n is B u tl
    . .
    ,

    H .
    f a s c i a lis Cr am S copu la ex igu a n s p S a l tiv o la ns n s p
    ,
    . .
    , .
    -
    . .

    HA R OLD E ,
    . VO N , Ei n i ge Co l eo p ter en :
    n eu e M u n c he n e r En t V er . .

    4 pp
    M itth .
    , v ol .
    , . 1 48 1 8 1 1 880 (AF)
    -
    , .

    V H r ld don r i b C ly t l fi h i p a d S d wi h I
    o l esc es a r us ns c n s . . v on en an c -
    n se n

    ( Fi h !) (p
    n sc T hi p i i w i th g P l githmy s
    . s s ec e s s no n e en u s a su .

    R I L EY C V No t e : A m e r En t v o l 3 p 1 5 0 1 880 ( H S PA )
    R il y t t M T B l k b r f H l l mm i t d th t V
    . . .
    , . .
    , , , .
    , .

    d i pp r d q i t fr q
    e s a es : r . . ac u n o on o u u co un ca e a a n es

    sa ca r u tly i th y r 879
    a th
    ea e i l d f H w ii u e e u en n e ea 1 , on e s an o a a ,

    d r i g th
    u m th
    n f F br ry t i ll J l y H
    e v r b fr on b r v d th o e ua u . e ne e e o e o se e e

    sp i th
    ec es i l d m ti d b v
    on e s an en on e a o e .

    S H A R P D AVI D O n s o m e C o l eo pt e r a fr o m the H a w a i i a n I s l a n d s : E n t
    , ,
    .

    S o c Lo n d o n T r a n s pp 3 7 5 4 1 880 ( A F )
    .
    , .
    -
    , .

    Th f ll w i g p i d r ib d F l g i
    o o p T hyn s ec e s a re e sc e : o a r a c ur f o x n s . .
    , ac us a

    pu mila n sp D i es to ta p la na n s p D pa rt/ a n S p D la ti fr o ns n s p D pa l
    . . . .
    , . . .
    , . . .
    , .

    pa lis n s p D pu n c tic eps n s p , D ca r i n a ta n s p D r u fes c e n s n s p P hla eo


    . .
    , . . . . . .
    , . . .
    ,

    po ra c i n gu la ta n s p P d il u ta n S p O ligo ta c la v ic o r n i s n s p O p o li ta n s p
    . .
    , . . .
    , . .
    , . . .
    ,

    O glo b r a n s p O m u ta n d a n s p , Li opha en a gr a c ilipes n s p L fla v ic eps n s p


    . . .
    , . . . . .
    , . .

    My lla en a v ic ina n s p M fa milia r is n s p , M c n r tipes n s p M d is c i d e ns n s p . .


    , . . . . . .
    , . . .
    ,

    P a c hy c or y n n s d-is ced ens n S p , O x y telu s a dv en a n s p Tr ogoph la eus s e n ilis . . . .


    ,

    n sp. T fr o n tin a l is n s p , T a b d omi n a l is n S p


    .
    , . G ly pto ma b la c k b u r n i n s p . . . . .
    , . .
    ,

    G b r ev ipen n e n s p Lis pin o a es ex plica n a u s n s p


    ’ '
    -
    . .
    .
    , . .

    B L AC K B UR N T H O M AS D esc r i pt i o n o f f ou r n ew s p ec i es o f
    , , Co ss o n i
    d a e fr o m the H a w a i i a n I s l a n d s : E n t Mo n th M a g . .
    , v ol . 1 7,

    pp 1 99 20 1 Lon d on 1 88 1 ( A F )
    .
    —
    , , .

    Th f r p i O d m
    e li dou p O b t i tm s ec e s a re : o e as o n ae n s . .
    , . su s r c n n sp . .
    , O .

    in fe r n a m n sp. .
    . O . i g ne o us n sp . .

    B LA C K B UR N T H O M AS Ch a r ac t e rs o f n ew gen e ra a n d d esc r i pt i on s o f
    , ,

    n e w s p ec i e s O f G e o d epha ga fr om the H a w a i i a n I s l a n d s IV : ,

    En t Mo n th Ma g v o l 1 7 pp 226 229 Lon d o n 1 88 1 ( A F )


    . .
    , .
    , .
    -
    , , .

    Th f ll w i g e d i b d A h m ido Di o h t b t n a re e sc r e : nc o en ae : s e n oc us er e ra us

    n sp. A h m .
    , p t li nc p Cy l th o x t p C l tenu s p u ea s n s . .
    , c o o ra unc us n s . .
    , . a e us n s . .
    ,

    C b t
    . ro p B m b id iid
    us us B m bid i m ( N t ph )
    n s p m
    .
    p B .
    -
    e ae : e u o a us s u r cu n s . .
    , .

    te r es n s p . .

    BUT L ER A . G .
    , On a co l l ec t i o n Le p i d o pt e r a
    O f n oc u t rn a l from the
    Ha w a ii a n I s l a n d s : Annal s a n d M a g Na t H is t sth
    f
    .
    , s er .
    , v ol .

    7 , pp 3 1 7 .
    -
    333, 1 88 1 .
    ( A F ) ( H S PA )
    D e sc on s a re r i p ti
    e n o f th e fo o n s p ec e s c o e c e d b y B ack u n giv ll w i g i ll t l b r
    i gi
    S p h n d a e : D eilephila c a l id a n s p — La en d a e : S c o tos ia c o r ticea n s p , . . r t ii . .

    E u pi thec i a m o n ti c ol en s n s p — No c u d a e : S po el o tis c r i n iger a n s p , A pa . . t i . .

    m eid a e c h e r s o toid es n s p , A c in c tipen n is n s p — Helio th id a e : H el i otln s a r


    '

    . . . . .
    32 B er n ice P B is hop M ns e nm B ulle tin .
    —

    1 02 . B LA CK B UR N TI I O M A S Ch a rac t e r s O f n e w g n e r a a n d d es c r i pt i on s o f
    , , e

    n ew s p ec i es o f G eod e p h a ga fro m the Ha w a i i a n I s l a n d s V : ,

    En t M o n th Ma g v o l 1 9 pp 6 2 64 Lo n d on 1 882 C o n t i n u e d
    . .
    , .
    , .
    -
    , , .

    fro m v ol 1 7 p 229 .
    , . .

    Th f ll w i g p i
    e d r i b d A h m id
    o o Cy l th n x s ec e s a re esc e nc o en ae : c o or a
    h lii
    a rs c p A p lp bi
    n s i t. K r h P l ty
    .
    , pl K r h C lp d
    cu a ns s er a u s a sc , a n us a nus a sc , o o es
    t
    oc oce ll t K r h A i d ty l
    a us t K r h a sc ,
    n so ac as c u n ea us a sc .

    B LA CK B UR N T H O M A S H a w a ii a n en t om o l o gy : Ha w A n n fo r
    , , . .

    1 882 pp 5 8 6 1 Ho n o l u l u , 1 88 1 (BM) .
    -
    , , .

    B l kb r y t h t H w ii i
    ac u n m p r t iv ly x pl r d fi l d f t
    sa s a a a s a co a a e un e o e e o na
    r l hi t ry Hi t t m t m y b
    u a s o . mm riz d f ll w Th sO rt h s a e en s a e su a e as o o s : e
    o pt r e a r p r t d by f w p i ;
    a re e tr g r h pp r d
    es e n e M e s e c es no ue a ss o e s an no an

    ti d ae k w ; b t 5 00 p i s f C l p t r h v b
    a re no n ll t d 80 a ou S ec e o o eo e a a e een co ec e ,

    per t f t h m pp r tly t iv ; th N r pt r ( i l d i g O d t )
    cen o e a a en na e e eu o e a nc u n ona a

    h v b
    a e l i ttl t d i d ; th r d r Hym t i r i h r t h
    e en e th r
    s u rd r ; e e o e en o e r a s c e an o e o e s
    t
    an s m r
    a re th M d ir h
    nu t P h id l p i ll H r b i g t h
    e o us, e a e a ou se an s, e o e us a ee , e n e

    m t b d t ; th L p i d p t r
    os a un l i ttl k w b t b t 00 p i h v
    an e e o e a a re e no n, u a ou 1 s e c es a e

    b d
    ee n ri b d t es c q rt r f t h t h t m ight b
    e —
    ll t d ; H m i pt r
    no a ua e O os e a e co ec e e e a

    an d H m pt r o r pr t d i
    o ll t i
    e a by b t 00 p i ; t h r
    a re e es e n e n co ec ons a ou 1 s e c es e e

    are p r b bly h d r ds
    o a f p i f D ipt r b t r ly 5
    un r pr t d e o s ec es o e a, u s ca c e 0 a re e e s en e

    in ll t i ; m q i t
    co ec (h ) fl i
    on s d fl p t B l kb r
    os u oe s , ou s e es , an ea s a re es s . ac u n s
    ’

    p p r i
    a e l d b i bl i g r phy f H w ii
    nc u es t m l gy a o a o a a an en o o o .

    CH A M B ER LA I N J , The pe e l na . E .
    , or a rm y wo rm of the Ha w a i i a n
    Is l a n d s : H a w A n n fo r 1 88 3 . .
    , pp .
    44 5 0 H on o l u l u ,
    —
    ,
    1 88 2 .
    (B M)
    A v a l u a bl e hi st o ri l ca p a pe r u p on th e a ct ivi ti e s of P r o d e n ia i n gl o r ia
    Wa l k . as a p es t of gr a s s es .

    B OR M A N S AUG DE F a u n e orthopte r olo giq u e d es I l es Ha w a i o n


    , .
    ,

    S a n d w i c h : G e n o a M u s C i v d i S t Nat A n n v ol 18 11 . . . .
    ,
    .
    ,

    Lu gli o pp 3 3 8 3 48 1 88 2 ( A F ) ( U S ) , .
    -
    , .

    Th f ll w i g p i e ll t d by B l k b r
    o o di d
    -
    n F fi 1 i s ec e s co ec e ac u n a re scii sse : or c 11 a r a

    A i l bin so o Iitt W hi t A m itim B


    s
    -
    ll i L bi pygid i t D b Cl
    o r ea .

    e, ar a on e , a a a a u .
    ,
    ie

    B l tt r i
    .

    li h
    s oc m i es F b F fi l h w i
    or o i p B l tt hi a .
    , or cu a a a ens s n s . .
    —
    a a a : a a er o

    g ly phi Br P i/ l
    ca t d t Br
    un n P l ig t B r .
    ,
    P m i er f a iie a ec o r a a un n . a a un n .
    , . a e r ca na

    Li nnEl th .
    , d d y ti id eu S rv P hl i m
    er o i Li O i
    a s co es e .
    , anc or a s u r na e ns s nn .
    , n s
    c os om p l lid Br
    a E thy ph
    a p ifi C q b t
    a L t d E li un n .
    , u r ra a ac ca o ue er —
    oc u s o ea :
    m a eo pp d i l t B r a C en ph l bl kb i
    cu a a p G y ll d G yl unn .
    , o n oc e a us ac ur n n s . . r o ea : r

    lns i t b ili
    -
    W l k T ig id im p ifi m S d
    n n o a-
    -
    s a .
    , r on n ac cn cu .

    BUTL ER A ,
    . G On .
    , a s m a ll co ll ec t io n of Le p i d o pt e r a fr om th e Ha
    waiian Islan d s : En t . S oc . Lon d o n T ran s , pp .
    3 1 -45 , 1 88 2 .

    ( AP )
    D esc r i pt i o n s a r e giv e n o f t he fo ll o w i n g Lep i d o p e a co ec e d B a ck tr ll t by l
    b u r n : Ly c a en i d a e : P o ly o mma tus b oe ticus L i n n — Le u ca n iid a e : L e u ca ma -

    ex tr a n ea C u e n ce G o n o p te r id a e : G o n itis h a w a iie ns is n s p
    .
    —
    Hy p oca l id a e . .
    —

    H y poca la v e la ns Wa k — Py a i d a e : L o ca s tr a m o n tic o l ous n s p — S te n iid a e l . rl . .

    M e ta s ia a b u or mis n sp S c o to m er a hy d r ophila n s p — B o tid id a e : M e s ta l ob e s


    -

    . .
    , . .

    n g en
    . M o e n on e n sp M s i ma e thin a n s p M s e mioc h r ea n s p S c opu la
    .
    , . . .
    , . . .
    , . . .
    ,

    c o n s tr i c ta n s p S co p a r iid a e : S c opa r i a c o a r c l a ta
    . .
    —
    e — a m i d a e : E r o me n e Z ll Cr b .

    b ella H u u b
    To r tr ic id a c : Ter a s ill epid o n s p
    .
    —
    P r o teo p te r y x w a ls ingha m ii . .
    ,

    n sp —
    . T
    i n ei d a e : Tin ea s i mula ns n s p — Ela c his tid a e : La t e r n a pa r d a B u e . .
    '
    tl r ,

    t r r
    .

    va r m o n tiv o l a ns L a s per s a n s p — P e o p ho i d a e : P la ty ptil us l i tto r a l is n s p


    .
    , . . . . .
    I llin gw o r th— Ea r ly f
    r e er e n c es to H a w a iian en tom ol ogy 33

    WHIT N EY , b o r e r : H a w P l a n t e r s Mon th l y
    H . M .
    , The ca n e .
    ’

    , v ol .

    1, pp 1 4 5 1 46 Hon ol u l u 1 882 ( B M ) ( H S PA )
    .
    -
    , ,
    .

    A p o p u l a r eco n om i c a rt i c l e re c o m m en d s b u rn i n g
    —
    .

    BUTL ER A G O n a sm a ll se r i es o f Le p i d o pt e r a fro m the Ha w a i i a n


    ,
    . .
    ,

    I s l a n d s : En t M o n th Ma g v o l 1 9 pp 1 7 6 1 80 Lon d o n 1 88 3 . .
    , .
    ,
    .
    -
    , ,
    .

    (AF )
    The fo ll w i g
    S co to ry th ra n gen , S a r b o r
    o n sp e c es i a re d esc rib ed : . . .

    ic ol en s n s p Py r a 1es : S c op u la li tor e a n s p Or th o m ecy n a n g en O a lb ica u


    ‘
    —
    . . . .
    , ,
    . . .
    ,

    d a ta n s p , O ex ign a v a r cu pr eipen n is , M el a n o m ecy n a n gen , M s tella ta


    . . .
    ,
    . . . .

    n Sp
    . G es n er ia fl or i c o l e n s n S p —
    .
    ,
    in ei n a : D e p res s a r ia s p A z i n is hila r e lla . .
    ,
    T .
    ,

    Wa l k .

    CA M ER ON PETER D esc r i pt i o n s o f , ,
    n ewgen e r a a n d s p ec i es of Hy
    men op ter a : En t S oc Lo n d o n . . T ra n s pp 1 87 1 9 3 1 88 3 ( A F ) , .
    -
    , .

    r t
    D es c i p i o n s a r e giv en o f th e o o n en o e a c o ec e f ll w i g Hy m pt r ll t d by
    l
    B ack u n : b r C l
    ha c i d i d a e : Epi tr a n u s la c teipen n is n s p , M o r a n ila n g en , M tes . . . . .

    ta ceiceps n S p , S ol in d en a n g en , S p ic ticor n is n s p , E u pel mu s fla v ipes n s p


    . . . . . . . . .

    —
    Ev a n ii d a e : Ev a n ia s e r i cea n s p I c hn eu m o n i d a e : Li m n er ia poly n es ia lis . .
    —

    n sp . L b la c k b ur n i n s p Ophi on l i n ea tus n s p , O n igr ica ns n sp


    .
    , . . .
    ,
    . . . . .

    I IO
    . M C LA C H LA N R OB ERT Neu roptera o f the Ha w a ii a n I s l a n d s : , ,
    Anna ls
    and M a g Na t H i st 5 th se r v ol 1 2 pp 226 240 . .
    ,
    .
    , .
    , .
    —
    ,
    1 88 3 .

    ( H S PA )
    r t
    D e s c i p i o n s a re giv en o f the fo o i n g n e u op e o i d i n sec s c o e c e d ll w r tr t ll t
    by B a ck u n : l
    e m i ti d a e : b r
    a l o ter mes ca s ta n ea s Bu m ma r gi n ipen n is T r C r .
    , C .

    tr
    La — Em b id a e : O ligoto ma in s u la r i s n Sp — P s o c i d a e : P s o cu s s p , E lips ocu s
    . . . .

    v i n os u s n sp , Od on a a , P a n ta la flav es cens F a b , Tr a m ea la cer a ta H a ge n ,


    . . t .

    Lep the mis b la c kbu rn i n sp , A na x j u n ius D u , A s tr en u u s Ha g en , Agr i on . . r ry .

    x a n th om elas S ely s , A ha w a ii e ns is n s p , A pa c ifi cu m n s p , A d ec ep tor n s p . . . . . . . . . .


    ,

    A ca lliphy a n s p , M ega l a gr ion n gen


    . M bla c k bn r n i n s p , M ocea n i c u m
    . . . .
    , . . . .

    n sp . .

    M CLA C H LA N ROB ERT Neu ro pt e r a O f the H a w a ii a n I s l a n d s , Pa rt


    , ,

    I I , P l a n i p e n n i a , w i th g en e r a l s u m m a ry : A n n a l s a n d M a g Na t . .

    H i st 5 th se r , v o l 1 2 , pp 298 3 03 , 1 883 ( H S PA )
    , . . .
    —
    .

    T hi s pa pe r i l d nc u es d es c i p r ti on s of r t r id i t
    n eu o p e o ll t d by n s ec s co ec e
    B l kb r ac u n : H m r b ii de e o ae : M ega l omu s s p Ch ry p i d
    . A m l h y
    — so ae : no a oc r sa
    n . g en .
    , A h epa ti ca n s p ,
    . s . . A r n fes c en s n
    .
    p Ch y p mi phy
    , p C r so a cr o a n s
    Wa k My r me l eon tid a e : F or m ica le o
    . . . .
    ,

    l W lk
    .

    oc ea n i c a .
    —
    p j er u r us a .

    M EYRI C K EDWA RD No t e s , , on H a w a ii a n M i c r o l ep i d o pt e r a : En t .

    M on th M a g v ol 20 .
    , .
    ,
    pp .
    3 1 - 3 6 , 1 883 .
    ( AF )
    r t
    Des c i p i on s a r e giv en o f the fo o i n g m o hs c o ec ed B a ck u n ll w t ll t by l b r
    C o n c hy lid a e : H e ter ocos s a a cli r o a n a n S p G el ec hid a e : D epr es s a r ia in d ec or a . .
    —

    B u tl Thy ro c op a n g en , T ( D epr es s a r ia ) u s i ta ta B u tl , Sy n o m o tis n gen , S


    .
    , . . . . . . .

    e i ca pn a
    p n sp Au tom o l a n gen A pe l od es n s p , P a ra s ia s ed a ta B utl ,
    . .
    , . .
    , .

    T
    . . .

    D i p l o sa r a n g en D ( S a r di a ) Iign it ro r a B u tl in ei d a e : B la b opha n es l on ge l la
    . .
    , . .
    —

    Wa l k .

    SM ITH W , . O .
    , C an e b ore r : Pl a n te rs
    ’
    M on th l y , v ol . 2, pp .
    5 6 57
    -
    ,

    H on o l u l u , 1 8 83 .
    ( H S PA )
    T hi s is
    ‘

    a p op u l r a a rt i c l e w hi ch i n cl u d es su gg es t iv e d i s cu s s i on o f c on
    tr l r
    ,

    o m ea su es .
    B e r n i ce P . B is hop M n s en n B ulle tin i
    - -

    WH ITE F , . B .
    ,
    Rep o rt on the p l a g i c Hem i pt e ra p roc u r e d d u r i n g the
    e

    v oy a g e o f H M S Ch a l l en g e r in the yea r s 1 87 3 76 : R ept ”


    '

    Ch a ll en ge r Z oo l ogy v ol 7 82 pp 3 pl s
    . . .
    , .

    V oy a g e H M S
    “ ”
    . . .
    , , .
    , .
    , .

    ( 2 co l ) L o n d o n , , 1 88 3 .
    ( BM)
    D rib H l b t e sc es o o a es s e r ic e u s Es c h . . t he p ri i p lnc a S p ec e s i o cc u rri g n in
    th w t r b t H w ii
    e a e s a ou a a .
    ( S e e p p 47 4 8 P l .
    -
    , . 1, fig .

    B L ACK B UR N T H O M A S , ,
    No t es on so me Ha w a i i a n C a ra bi d a e : En t
    ’
    .

    M on th M a g v o l .
    , . 21, pp . 2 5 - 26 , Lo n d on ,
    1 88 4 ( AF) .

    D i sc u s s e s Atra c hy n e m is A n c h o m en u s m u s c ico la B la ck b and Ma n n a , .


    ,

    n . . r t
    g en c ea e d fo r the i n s ec h i he o ca ed B la c k b n r ni fr igid a B l ackb t t rt ll -

    B LAC H B U RN , T H O M A S Not e s o n Ha w a ii a n Neu r o pt e r a w i t h d e s c r ip ,

    t i o n s o f n ew s p ec i e s : A n n a l s a n d M a g Na t H i s t sth se r . . . .
    ,

    v ol 1 4 pp 4 1 2 4 2 1 , 1 884 ( H S P A )
    .
    , .
    -
    .

    The s p ec e s i
    d esc i ed a r e : Od on a a : A gr i on s a te lles n s p A oa hu en s e rb t . .
    , .

    n . sp A n ig r o l i a ma tu ni
    .
    , .n sp A k o el en s e n s p A pa ci fi c m n M a c — H em
    -
    . .
    , . . .
    , . l .

    e rob i id a e : Mega l o m u s s p p — C h ry 5 0 p id a e : An om a l oc h rys a m a c la chla n i n s p . . . .

    A m o n ta n a n s p A o r n a tip en n is n s p
    . . .
    , . . .

    K IR B Y W ,
    ll ec t ed d u r i n g the r ec en t e x
    . E , O n the Hy m e n o pt e r a co

    p e d itio n of H M S Ch a ll en g e r : A n n a l s a n d Ma g Na t H i s t
    ”
    . . .
    “
    . .
    ,

    5 th s e r v o l 1 3 p 402 1 884 ( H S P A ) .
    , .
    ,
    .
    ,
    .

    T hi s pa p er i n cl u d es the foll o w i g r e fe ren ce s to Ha w a ii a n i n s ect s n


    :

    Ev a n ii d a e Ev a n ia la ev iga ta La tr (p V e sp i d a e P o lis tes a u r ife r — '

    . .

    S aus s .
    (p . P . ca r n i e x f F ab .
    (p .

    O STEN S A C K EN -
    F a c t s c on c e r n i n g the i mp o rt a t i o n or n on
    ,
    C . R .
    ,

    i m p o rt a t i on o f D i pt e r a i n t o d i s t a n t c ou n t r i es : E n t S oc LOn . .

    d on T r a n s pp 489 49 6 1 884 ( A F ) ,
    .
    -
    , .

    The se i n t e r e s t i n g h i s t o r i c a l n o t e s r el a te to the i n tr o d u c t i on o f the n ig ht


    mos q u i t o Cu le x q n in q u c fa s ia t s S a y
    ,
    n .

    S HARP ,
    D AVI D
    m e g en e r a o f the s u b fa m il y , On so A n cho men in i
    ( Pl a tyn in i H o r n ) fro m the Ha w a ii a n I s l a n d s : . En t . M on th .

    M a g v ol 20 pp 2 1 7 2 1 9 Lon d on 1 884 ( A F )
    ,
    .
    ,
    .
    -
    , , .

    Th f ll w i g g
    e r o di do M t m g n en e a a re sc u s se : e ro en u s C o lp o d is cu s n
    n . en .
    , .

    gen .
    ,
    B a ry p r is tu s n . ge n .
    , B la c k b u r n i , D ise n oc hu s , Atra c hy c n em is a n d Cy
    c l otho r a x .

    I 20 . B L A C K B UR N T H O M A S a n d S H A R P D AVI D M em o i r s o n the Coleop


    , , , ,

    t e ra o f the Ha w a ii a n I s l a n d s : R oy D u bl i n S oc T r a n s 2 d . .
    ,

    s er v ol 3 pp 1 1 9 290 p l s 4 a n d 5 1 88 5 ( B M) ( AF ) -
    .
    , .
    , .
    , .
    , .

    ( H S PA )
    Thi r s esum é of k no wl d g e e of th e C l o eo p e a t r of Ha w ii i l a nc u d es d e
    s c r ip tio n s of the ll w i g
    Dyt i sc i d a e : C opla tus
    fo o n n ew g e n e ra and s p ec e s : i
    ma u ie ns is n s p — S ta n ae : B o l ito c ha r a i m pa c ta n s p
    . .
    p h yl i i d
    D i cs to i a m o u ta na . .
    ,

    n sp
    . D in c ogn i to n s p My lla e na pa c ifica n s p M oa li u e ns is n s p
    .
    , . Ol igota . .
    , . .
    , . . .
    ,

    k a ua ie ns is n s p O l o ngip en n is n sp O s i mu l a n s n s p
    . .
    , O v a r iega ta n s p
    . . .
    ,
    . .
    , . . .
    ,

    Q p r o lix a n s p
    . Li thoc ha r is i n c ompta n s p .
    O x y tel us b l e d io id es n s p
    .
    , L is . .
    ,
    -

    . .
    ,

    pm o d es q u a d r a tu s n s p L pa ll es cens n S p — C o ry l o p hid a e : C o ry lophus r o . .


    . . . . ,

    tu n d us n s p s i u r a l is n s p
    n . S .
    . C
    e r ico d e r u s b a s a l is n s p
    . S pu b ipe n ms n s p . .
    , . .
    , .
    ’

    . .
    ,

    O r tli oper u s a eq u a li s n s p — His te r id a e : B a ca n i u s a to ma r i us n s p B c o n fu s a s . . . .


    , .

    n sp
    . A c r i ta s i ns u la r is n s p A ele tes l o ng ipes n s p A c o n c e n tr ic us n sp
    .
    , A . .
    , . .
    , . . .
    ,
    .
    36 B e r n ic e P . B is hop M u s eum —
    B u l le tuz

    1 25 . B LA CK B UR N T H O M A S , , an d C A M ER O N PETER On the Hym en opt e r a , ,

    O f the Ha w a i i a n I s l a n d s : M a n c h es t e r Lit S o c M em s er 3 . . .
    , .
    ,

    I o pp 1 9 4 244 1 886
    v ol .
    , .
    .
    -
    , .
    ( B M)
    T hi x ll t p p r i l d s e ce en a e nc u es ll w i g d ri pt i
    the fo A t h p hi l o n es c ons : n o a

    A d r idn P pi
    en f ip i
    ae : r os o s us c enn s t P S m i h,
    t ll p P bl k b m . sa e us n s . .
    , . ac ur

    S m i t h P f i l i S m i t h P fl if
    , . ac s , . av K i rby P k
    r o ns p P i p p , . o na n s . .
    , . con cc s n s . . .

    P r u giv en tr is n s p , P hi la ris Sm i t h P l tili S m i t h P S mi th


    X
    .
    , vo a s .
    , an
    . r a c na .
    , .th i .

    P fla v ipes S m i h - p i d a e : M ega c hi l e d ilig en s S m i th


    . t . A
    y l o c o pa a en e ipen n is ,

    r r
    De G ee — Fo ss o e s : V esp i d a e : P o lis tes a u r ifer S a u s s P li eb r a e u s F a b
    .
    , . .
    ,

    O d y n er u s r a d u la F ab , 0 ex tr a n eu s i O n igr ipen n is H o m g en , O . . K rby , . l r .

    d r o m e d a r i us n s p O v u lca n u s n s p , O ha w a n ens is n s p O ha l ea k a la e n s p ,
    . .
    , . . .
    , . . .

    i it t
    . . .

    O c o n gr u u s S m th , 0 d u b ios u s S m h 0 r u b r i ti n c tus S mi h 0 b la c k b u r n i
    . . .
    , .

    K rby
    i O m on ta n u s S m i h 0 ca r d in a l is n s p
    , O pa c ifi c u s n s p , O r u b r o t , . . .
    . . . . .

    t
    .

    pu s tu la tus n s p , O o bs c u r e pi m c ta tu s n s p O d iv er s us n s p O a gi lis S m i h
    . . .
    -
    . .
    , . . .
    , . ,

    0 in s u li c o la n s p
    . C r a b r o n id a e : a o a fi i n is
    -
    . Smi h .
    —
    ma u ie n s is n s p Cr br t , C . . . .

    C dis ti nc tus S m i h , m a n d ib u la r is S m i h , t
    po ly n es ia lis a m e on , C . ab t C . C r C .

    C t C K rby C C
    .

    n or mis , n s p , u n i col o r S m i h,
    . . s tygi u s i . a d s pec ta ns n s p , .
    , . . . .

    r u b r o - ca u d a tus n s p — La rr id a e : Pis on i r i d ipe n n is S m i h , P h os pes S m i h


    . . t . t .

    S p he gi d a e : P e l opa eu s c a e men ta r iu s D u , M im es a a n te n n a ta S m i h r ry t .

    He te ro gena : Fo m i c i d a e : a mpo n o tu s s e xgu tta tus r F a b , Ta pin oma m ela n o C .

    c epha la F a b , P r en o lepis l ongic o r n is La , P o bs cu r a M a y — Pon e i d a e tr . . r . r


    tr t r
    .

    P on er a c o n tr a c ta La , L eptoge n ys i n s u la r is S m i h — M y m i c i d a e : M o n o . .

    m o r i a m s pec u la r is Ma , Tetr a m or i u m gu in e ens e F a b , P li e id o l e mega cepha la yr .

    F a b , S olen ops is g em i n a ta F a b
    . O u a : S c ler od er ma po ly n es ia lis S a u n d e s , .
    —
    xy r r
    S i er ola tes ta ceipes a me o n , S m on ti co la n S p , S leu co neu r a n S p — C e e r . . . . . T r
    b ra n tia : I c hn eu m on i d a e : P imp l i d e s Ec h thr o m or pha m a c u lipen - n is H o mg e n , l r ,

    E fla v o o r b ita lis n S p


    .
    -
    P im pla ha w a ii c n s is n s p — Tr y p ho n id es : M e ta c o e lu s. .
    , . .

    r
    fem or a tu s G a v — O p hio n id e s : Oph ion lin ea tu s . a me o n , O n igr i ca n s Ca m C r .

    r
    e o n , L i mn e r ia p o ly n es ia lis a me o n , L b la c k b ur n i a m e on L ha wa ii en s is C r . C r , .
    -

    r
    n s p — B a c on i d a e : C h e l on u s b l a c kb u r n i
    . . a me o n , M on ol ex is ? pa lli a tus C a m C r
    r
    e on — Ev a n ii d a e : Ev a n ia s e r ic ea a m e on E la ev iga ta La — ha c i d i d a e C r , . tr C l .

    Epi tra n u s la c te ipen u is a me on , ha lcis po ly n es ia lis am e on S pa la ngia C r C C r ,

    h ir ta Ha l id a y M o r a n ila tes ta c e ipes a m e o n , S o li n d en i a pi c ti c o r n is


    , a me o n C r C r ,

    Eupel m u s fla v ipes a m e on , E n cy r tu s i ns u l a r is n s p C r . .

    I 26 . WA L K ER J J A n o s i a p l ex i pp u s
    ,
    . .
    , Li n n .
    ( D a na/is a r c hi ppus F a b r ) .

    A s t u dy in g eogra ph i ca l d i s tr ibu t i on : En t . Mon th M a g .


    , v ol .

    2 2 pp 2 1 7 224 Lo n d o n , 1 886 (AF) .


    -
    , , .

    W lk r t t th t A a i pl ipp e b rv s a es a n os a ex us ,
    “
    un o se ed b y the ea rly v oy
    ag r t th S d w i h I l d i t i
    e s o w e b d t an c s an s, s no a un an and fi m r ly es a t bl i s he d
    th r (p e e . .

    1 27 . C A M ER O N ,
    PET ER Not e ,
    on the Hy m eno pt e r a o f the H a w a ii a n I s l a n d s
    En t M on th . . Mag , vo l . 23 , p . 195 , Lo n d o n ,
    1 8 87 .
    (AF)
    The s p ec es i
    d i s cu s s e d a re : O d y n e r us n a u ta r m n =0 i n s u lic ola Sm
    s a n d w ic h e n s is =0
    .

    Ody n er us . r u b r i ti n c tn s Sm .

    1 28 . B A I L EY , ED WA RD ,
    The fl o ra an d fa u n a of the Ha w a ii a n I s l a n d s
    Ha w A n n . . fo r 1 8 88 , pp .
    49 5 4
    —
    , Ho n o l u l u ,
    1 887

    C t i
    on a n s a bri ef i n t e res t i n g a c c oun t o f th e in s ects of the i s l an d s .

    1 29
    *
    BI GOT J , . M F . .
    , D ip té res n ou v ea u x ou p eu c o n n us ,
    3
    c
    pa rt i e , X LI ,

    T ac h i n i d a e : S oc . En t . F r a c e An n s er 6
    n .
    , .
    , v ol 8, . pp 77 .
    -
    1 01 ,

    1 888 .

    Cl i a e toga e d ia n z on ti c o la is d esc ri b ed .
    I l lin gw or tli — Ea r ly f
    r e er en c es to H a w aii a n en tom ol ogy 37

    B LA C KB UR N T H O M AS Not es on the Hem i pt e r a o f the Ha w a i i a n


    , ,

    I s l a n d s : Li n n S oc N S W P r o c 2 d s e r v o l 3 pp 3 4 3 . . . . . .
    , .
    , .
    , .

    3 5 4 1 888 ( B M ) ( H S PA ) ( A F ) , .

    Th f ll w i g p i e i l d d S t ti A h li o p Cl o n s e c es a re nc u e : cu a na : ec a a S o eo
    b t i ti Whi t Wh i t
    .
    ,

    ti hc pus G t m s . d G j
    , d Ly g i eo o us su r s s e, an . ucu n us e .
    —
    ae na
    Ny s ius l on gi co llis m a u i ens is n s p N w li i tei n S p , M e tr a r ga c on n sp. .
    , N . . .
    , . . .

    tr a c ta n s p M obs cu r a n s p Ca ps i n a s p A n th r oco r in a : A c a n tli ia le c tu la r i a


    . .
    , . . .
    , .
    —

    L , Ca r d ia steth is s p , Li i a s p
    . D ila s ia s p - Em es i d a e : P l oia r i o d es r u b r o . l .
    , .

    m a cu la ta n s p P pu lc hr a n S p -Na i n a : N a b is r u br i ti n c tu s n sp , N os ci l
    . .
    , . . .
    ~
    b . . .

    la ns n s p ,
    N i n n o ta tu s Wh i e N k oe len s is n s p , N s u br u fu s Whi e , N
    . .
    , . t , . . . . t .

    c u r tip en n is n s p Sa ld in a : S a l d a oa li u en s is n s p . .
    —
    . .

    M EYR I C K ED W A R D On , ,
    P y ra l id in a of the H awa i ian Is lan ds : En t .

    S oc T r a n s pp 209 246
    . Lo n d o n , .
    -1
    ,
    1 888 ( A F ) ( US ) .

    The m a t e r i a l fo r t h i s e xt en si v e l i s t o f m o t h s w a s c o ll ec t ed b y B l a c k
    b u r n d u r i n g his S ix y e a r s r es i d en ce in the i s l an d s 1 87 7 1 883 S o me in t e r -
    ’
    ,
    -
    .

    es t i n g n ot es on o r igi n and d i s tr i b u t i o n a r e i n c l u d ed The l i s t fo ll o w s .

    Py ra l i d i d a e : A s opia ger o n ti a lis Wa l k Hy d r o c a m p id a e : P a r a-


    pon y x lin a elis .
    —

    Gn .
    —
    B o ty d id a e : M a r ga r od es ex a u la
    Omi o d es b la c k bu r n i B u tl , O n sp . .
    , . .

    ( B otys ) a c c ep ta c on ti n u a ta lis Wa llgr O ( B otys ) d e B u tl O ( S ol bio )


    .
    , . .
    , .

    l
    m a ra ta lis Wa k 0 m on ogon a n s p O li o d y ta n s p , O ( B o ty s ) l oca lis B u tl ,
    .
    , . . . , . . . . .

    Z in c k e n i a r e c u r v a lis F S c opu la eu cr en a n sp , S ( L oca s tr o ) m on ti c o la n s .


    ,
    . . .

    B utl , S .
    ( Ap or o d es ) mi ca c ea B utl , S
    .
    ( M ecyn a ) n igr es cen s B u tl , S . . . .

    ( M ecy n a ) en ny c hi oi d es B utl , S ( M e la n ome cyn a ) s tella ta B u tl , S a r gos . . . .

    c e lis n s p , S ( R h o d a-r ia ) d es pec ta B u tl P r o to col l e tis n ge n P ( S c opu la )


    . . . .
    ,
    . .
    , .

    c ons tr i c ta B u tl M ecy n a ( A n em os a ) a u r or a B u tl , M v ir es cens B u tl , O r th


    .
    ,
    . . .

    o m ecy n a a l bi c a u d a ta B u tl , O ( M ec y n a ) ex igua B u tl O a pha n opis n sp . . .


    , . . .
    ,

    M es tol o b es ( M e ta s ia ) a bn or mis B u tl M s e mi oc hr ea B u tl , M m in us cu la .
    , . . .

    B utl Eu r y c r e on li tor ea B u tl — S c o p a r ia d a e : S c opa r ia fr igi d a B u tl , X er oc opa


    X X X X
    .
    , . .

    m e la n opis n s p a mb r o d es n s p d em o d es n Sp
    X X X
    v en os a B u tl .
    , . . .
    , . . .
    , . . .
    , .

    is c hn ia s n s p ha w a iens is B u tl pa chys ema n s p , mes ol eu ca n s p ,


    X X
    . .
    , . .
    , . . . . . .

    .
    ( S c opa r ia ) for m os a B u tl , ( S c opa r ia ) ja cu n d a B u tl — P e o p ho i d a e . . . tr r
    Tr ich op ti lu s ( A cip ti lia ) ha w a i e n s is B u tl P la ty pti lia r hy n c h oph or a n s p , P .
    , . . .

    c os m od a c ty l a H b , P br a c hy m or pha n s p , P ( P la ty pti l u s ) li ttor a lis B u tl. . . . .

    Cr b am i dae : E r o m en e oc el lea H w , H e d n o ta ( G es n er ia ) fl or i c ol en s ( ec . r t .

    fl or i c ola n s ) B u tl , H ( S c o tom er a ) hy d r ophila B u tl , H ox y pter a n s p . . . .

    y t l
    . .

    Ph c i i d a e : Ephes tia ( P l o d ia ) i n ter pu n c te lla Hb E d es u e te l la Wa k , E


    "

    .
    , . . .

    eu l e l l a H b H om oeos o m a ( Eph es tia ) hu m er a lis B u tl , G en opha n tis n ge n G


    .
    , . . .
    , .

    i o d or a n s p G a ll e r ia d a e : A chr o ea gr is e l la F
    . .
    —

    R I LEY , C V . .
    , A San d w i c h I s l a n d su ga r -
    ca n e bo r e r S phen ophor u s ,

    o bs c ur u s B o is d . : I n s ec t L i fe , v ol . 1 ,
    pp 1 8 5 1 89 il l u s 1 888
    .
    -
    , ,
    .

    ( H S PA ) ( UH ) ( B M )
    T hi s p a pe r giv e s a d es c r i pt i on of the se v e ra l s a t g es Of d eve l op m e n t
    w it h re fe ren ces to the l i t era t u re .

    DA LLA TORRE K W V Hy m en Opte ro lgis che Not iz en Wi en En t


    Z e i t v o l 8 p 1 24
    , . . .
    , : . .

    , .
    , .
    ,
    1 8 89 ( H S PA ) .

    C t i th f ll w i g on a n s e o o n no e : t “
    O d y n er u s c a r di na lis B l a ck b . u . Ca m .

    M or pli i M
    ”
    1886 ) n on . r u d ol .

    K A L A K AU A R EX ,
    An a ct r e l a t i n g to the s upp re s s i on o f p l a n t d is
    e a ses , bli ght , and i n s ec t p es t s : La w s o f the Ha w a ii a n I s l a n d s ,

    hap c . 2, 1 8 90 .

    S ti rlt t r v ti i n tro d uc t i on l t di
    j
    ec on 2 e a es o th e p e en on of o f any p an s ea s e ,
    bl ight i , or n s ec t p t i es s n u ri ou s to v e g etat i on , and e xt rmi t i e na on of s uc h as
    38 B er n ic e P B is hop . M u s eu m —
    B ulle ti n
    w r lr
    e e y t bl i h d S t i 3 d l p i fi lly w i t h th l d i g f
    a ea d es a s e . ec on ea s s ec ca e an n o

    pl t an s i l b y th m t r f v s l
    or so t ri g H w ii p rt d m k e as e s o es e s en e n a a an o s an a es

    p r vi i f i p ti S ti 4 p r vi d f d tr t i f i mp rt d
    th r m t ri l f d t b i f t d S t i 5 r q i r
    o s on or ns ec on . ec on o es or es uc on o o e

    pl t an s or o e v ry a e a o un o e n es e . ec on e u es e e

    p r
    e s on t i mm d i t ly p rt i f t ti
    o f v g t ti wh r v r d i v r d
    e a e re o n es a on o e e a on e e e sco e e .

    S ti ec 6 p r vi d
    on f th t m t f f rt h r r g l t i
    o pr v t i g th
    es or e en a c en o u e e u a on s e en n e

    i tr d t i
    n o d pr d
    uc f pl t d i
    on bl ight d i t p t
    an S ea o an se a s es , , an n sec es s .

    COQ U I LL ETT D W I c e rya in Ho n o l u l u : I ns ec t L i f e v ol 3 p 3 29


    ,
    . .
    , ,
    .
    , . ,

    1 89 1

    Ic e ry
    i d to ha v e ma d e its a pp ea ra n ce in the Ha w a ii a n i s l an d s
    a is sa
    d u r i n g the s p r i n g o f 1 889 b u t w i d ely d i s tr i b u t ed in 1 890 ih a b o u t 5 0 ga r ,
    —

    d en s in H o n ol u l u The p e s t is t ho u g ht to ha v e co m e in o n fru i t fr o m Ca l
    .

    ifo rn ia The p re d a c eo u s V e d a l i a b ee tl e wa s i n tro d u c e d fro m C a li fo r n i a a n d


    . ,

    b y No v e mb e r 1 890 I c e ry a w a s ra re , , .

    R I LEY , C V . .
    , Re pt . of the En t .
    , R e pt . U S . . D e pt Agr i c . . to S ee .

    Agr i c p .
    ,
    . 234 , 1 89 1 .

    M r K o eb el e
    . l ft p i m e s ec en s of Ch il oc or u s b iv u ln er u s at Ho n o l l u u, w hi l e

    on his w a y fr m C l i f r i
    o a o n a to Sy d n e y .

    R I L EY , C V , a n d H OWARD, L . . . O . I n tr od u c t i o n o f I ce rya
    , i n t o Ho
    n o l u lu : I n s ec t L i f e , v o l 3 , p 3 0 7 , 1 89 1 ( H S PA )
    R
    . . .

    r t th i tr d t i
    e fe s f I ry o fr m C l i f r i d it e f l n o uc on o ce a o a o n a an s s uc c ess u
    tr l by i tr d
    co n o i g th V d l i n o uc n e e a a .

    M CLA C H LA N ROB ERT S u pp l em en t a ry n o t e on the Neu ro pter a o f the


    , ,

    Ha w a i i a n I s l a n d s : A n n a l s a n d Ma g Na t H i s t 6th s er v ol . .
    ,
    .
    ,
    .

    1 0 pp 1 7 6 1 78,
    1 89 2 ( H S PA )
    .
    -
    ,
    .

    M L hl cgg t t h t D i li f i t K i rby i p r b bly m i t k


    ac an su es s a e e a as c a a s o a a s a en

    l l i ty i
    oca t hi s d r g fly d
    —
    s n ce t r i H w ii A w a on o es no oc cu n a a ne

    My rm l id F mi l
    e e on w il i p fr m L
    a e, i i d rib d or ca e o s on a s . .
    , o ana , s esc e .

    KA L A K A UA R EX A n a c t to e s t a bl i s h a b u r e a u o f a gr i cu l t u r e a n d
    ,

    fo r es try : La w s o f the Ha w a ii a n I s l a n d s Ch a pt er 8 1 S ec 4 , ,
    .
    ,

    1 89 2 .

    r vi d f g rd i g g i t th i tr d t i
    The a ct p o f pl t di es or ua n a a ns e n o uc on o an s

    ea se s i t p t
    or d th pp r
    n s eci f th lr d y ff t i g g r i es s an e su es s on o ose a ea a ec n a
    lt r l p r d t
    cu u a d l iv t k o uc s an e s oc .

    WA RR EN W D esc r i pt i on o f n e w g en e ra a n d s p ec i e s o f Py ra l i d a e
    , .
    ,

    A n n a l s a n d Mag Na t H i st A n n s er 6 v ol 9 pp 429 442 . . . .


    , .
    , .
    , .
    -
    ,

    1 89 2 .

    A n ew g en u s , Lo x o c r eo n is c ea e d fo r M e y r ic k s O m io d e s
    , r t '
    of th e
    Ha w iia an i s la n ds . Ty p e L c on tin ua ta lis Wl ln gr n ( S a lb ia )
    . . .

    KO EB EL E A L B ERT
    p a r a s i t i c a n d pr ed a c e ou s i n sect s in S t u d i es of

    N w Z e a l a n d A u s t r a li a a n d a d j acen t i s l a n d s : U S D e pt
    , ,

    e , , . . .

    Agr i c [ Re p o rt No 5 1 ] Wa s h i n gt on 1 89 3 ( B M )
    .
    , .
    , .

    W rk i H l l i r f rr d t
    o n p g 5 d g i
    ono u u p g 1 s e e e o on a e an a a n on a e 1,
    w h r th f ll w i g p t
    e e e di o d D tyl p i
    o lp P l i
    n i es s a re scusse : ac o us s i -i u v na r a

    p id ii M k
    s L i as mi t m S i g
    .
    , L d p ec a n a -
    ni S ig d L a cu na n n , . e r es s a n t n , an .

    I g l m D gl
    on u u Th i tr d t i ou f C y pt l m . m t i i M l e d n o uc on o r o ae us o n r o uz er u s an
    r mm d d K b l f rt h r t t t h t mb r
    .

    Rl ‘

    b
    l l ZO pp i l Ll S s . s ec o f en e . oe e e u e s a es a a nu e o
    C h il
    r b i l
    oc o u s M l w r t r d l v u en e r us i g d d it i H l u s . e e u ne oos e n oo con on e a so
    d i t r l p r it pr yi g v ri
    .

    fou n n e na
    p th p i s
    a f L as id i es e n u on e a ous s ec e o e ca n ae n
    40 B e r n ice P . B is hop llf us eu m — B u lle tin
    ll w
    The fo o i n g s pe c i e s a r e i n c u d e d : D e m a p e a : A n is o Ia b is l itto r ea l r tr -

    Whi e A m a r i tima B 0 n A pa c ifi ca E ic hs A a n n u l ipes Lu c L a b ia


    t , . .
    , . r .
    , . .
    ,

    pygi d ia ta Du br
    C he lis o c hes m o r io F a b.
    , F or fi c u la ha w a iens is B o rm .
    , .
    ~

    l tt
    B a o d ea : P hy llo d r o mia h ei r ogly phica B u n P o b tus a ta n s p S ty lopyga r .
    , .
    ,
    . .
    ,

    r
    d e c or a ta B u n M e tha n a l iga ta B u n P er ipla n e ta a m er i c a n a L E leu the r o d a
    .
    , r .
    , .
    ,

    d y tis c o id es S e v r
    Le u c opha ea s u r i n a men s is F a b O n is cos o ma pa ll i d a B u n
    .
    , .
    , r .
    ,

    E u thy r r a pha pa c ifi ca Co n q u eb — A c r i d i o d ea : Ox y a v el ox F a b — Lo cus to d ea . .

    El i ma ea a ppen d icu la ta B u n B r a c hy me topa d is co l o r R e d te n b B b la c k b u r n i r ,

    X ,
    . . .

    r
    B o m B d epla n a ta n s p B n i ti d a n s p
    .
    , . iphi d iu m fus c u m F a b — G ry ll o d e a
    . .
    , . . .
    , .

    G r y l l u s i n n o ta b il is Wa k G po ey i S a u s s P a r a tr igo n id iu m l
    pa c i fi c m n .
    , . .
    ,

    ( S cu d d ) , P a tr oferr u gin eu m n s p P rogna thogry llu s n g e n e x


    . i u P ro . .
    , tr b . .

    d o s c ir tiu m P a la tus n S p P for fi c u la r is n s p ; the a s t w o fig u ed


    , . . .
    , . . l t
    . r .

    COC K ER ELL T D , . . A .
    , No t es o n the geogra ph i ca l d i s tr ib u t i on o f
    s ca l e i n s c t s : U e . S Na t M u s. . . P r oc v ol 17 pp 6 1 5 62 5 .
    , .
    , .
    -
    ,

    1 89 5 .
    ( B M ) ( UH )
    ll w
    The fo o i n g a r e i n c u d e d f o m H a a ii ( p D a c ty l opiu s c i tr i l r w .
    ,

    L eca n iu m hes per i d u m L d epr es s a n t L ol ea c L a cu mi na tu m, As ter ole~ , .


    , .
    , .

    ca n i u m pus tu lo us P u lv in a r ia ps id ii a n d S pha e r o c occus b a m b us a e


    ,
    '
    O n y the ,
    . l
    l t
    as tw o e e o igi n aw r r
    d e s c i e d f o m Ha a ii a n s p ec i m en s lly rb r w .

    COC K ER ELL ,
    T D . . A . M i sc ell a n e ou s
    , o n C oc c i d a e : Ca n En t n o t es . .
    ,

    v ol . 27 , pp . 25 3 - 26 1 1 89 5 ( H S PA ) ( US )
    , .

    M en t i o n s As ter o leca n i u m pus tu lo u s ( Ck ll ) on l


    O ea n d e r f r om Ho n o
    l l
    .

    u u (p .

    DY A R ,
    H . G .
    , P r e pa ra t o ry s a t ges of P hl ege tho n ti u s c in gu la ta

    ( S phin x con v olv u li ) : En t New s .


    , v ol . 6 , p .
    95 , 1 89 5 .
    ( AF )
    ( U H ) ( H S PA )
    I n c l u d e s d e sc ri p t i o n s o f a l l s t a g es .

    KO EB EL E, A L B ERT Re p o rt o f ,
    the e n o t m o l og i s t : R e p u bli c of Ha w a ii ,

    M in . o f I n te r i o r R e pt , . for 1 89 4 pp 9 8 , .
    -
    1 04 , Ho n o l u l u ,
    1 89 4 .

    ( US )
    The r ep o rt d i scu s s es j
    i n u r i o u s i n s ect s in Ha w ii
    K o eb e l e S ay s ha
    a . t t
    th o ug h t hes e a re r
    n u m e ou s th y m e ay betr ll co n o ed b y in od u c i n g n a u a tr t rl
    e n em i e s He . m ti en on s m o f th so e e p ri ip l nc l a sca e p e s s a n d e vi e s the t r w
    r
    n u me ou s S pec e s i o f l d yb i r d b tl
    a ee es s en t fr m C l r o a i fo n i a to p ey u p on he m r t .

    M AR S DEN J OS EP H B li ght s a n d i n s ec t p e s t s : Rep u bl i c o f Ha w a ii


    , , ,

    M in I n t R ept fo r the n i n e m on th s en d i n g D ec 3 1 1 89 4 pp
    . . . .
    , ,
    .

    3 3 8,
    1 -
    Ho n ol u l u ,
    1 895 .

    T hi p p r l i t b t t h r d z p i
    s a e f C i ll i d w hi h w r
    s s a ou ee o en s ec es o oc c n e ae c e e

    f lly
    s ucc es s u t fr m A tr l i se nd l i b r t d i H w ii t p r y p o pl t us a a an e a e n a a o e u on an

    lice , l i t
    s ca e d d pid r
    n s ec s ,C tr l m r di an d f th re s e s . on o ea s u es a re s cu s se or e

    J p s b tl ( Ad r t ) w i t h gg t i
    a ane e ee e f th i tr d t i f m l
    o e us su es on s or e n o uc on o o e s,

    b t
    a s, d t d
    an N t oa gg t i fr m U iv r i ty
    s . f C l i f r i t h t th
    o es a su es on o n e s o a o n a a e
    b
    ca n e o rer( Rh bd mi b B i d ) i
    a t iv f N w I r l d d
    oc n e s o s cur a s o s . s a na e o e e an an
    t h t t hi i l d i th pl r h f p r it
    ,

    Di d m g
    by th i p t i Fi j i
    a s s an t ss th e ac e o sea c or a as es . s c u s es e a a e

    d on e s es n .

    M AR S DEN J OS EP H B li ght s a n d i n s ec t p es t s : R epo rt to c o mm i s


    , ,

    s io ne r s o f Agr i c u l t u r e a d F o r es tr y : R e pt M in I n t Re p u b n . . . .

    H a w fo r 1 89 5 pp 1 1 8 1 20 1 896 -

    R d m kdd
    .
    .
    , , , .

    eco r s i a l p t s d t th i tr d t iar e f ec r ea s e n sca e es . ue o e n o uc on o


    t r l mi
    na u a T h i i p rt i l rly tr i r g rd t th ff
    ene es . l w hi h
    s s a cu a ue n e a o e co e e sca e , c
    I l lingw or tli —
    Ea r ly f
    r e er en c es to H a w ai ia n en tom ol ogy 41

    is sa t hi g f th p t Th J p
    id to b e a b tl i r p rt d tr bl n o e as . e a a n ese ee e s e o e ou e
    so m l th d p i d r ( T t y h t l i )
    e, a s o e ff re d tw rms S e e ran c us e a r us on co e e, an cu o on

    th e ig r p l t
    c a na e an .

    MA S KELL W M Sy n o pt i c a ] li s t O f Co cc i d a e r ep o rt e d fr om A u s tr a -

    la s ia a n d the Pa c i fi c I s l a n d s u p to D c em b e r 1 894 : N Z e a l
    .
    ,
    .
    ,

    e , . .

    I n s t T r an s Vo l 27 pp 1 3 5 1 89 5 ( B M )
    .
    , .
    , .
    —
    ,
    .

    Th f ll w i g m tie d fr m H w ii
    o A pi d i t
    o ntii M k a re en on e o a a : s o us auran as .
    ,

    A l gi pi
    . M rg A
    on s ii B h é D i pi
    na b i d lii S ig D o .
    , . n er ou c , as s o s uva n .
    , . r os a e

    S d b M y ti l pi fl w T gi i T zz tt i
    an .
    , h w iias i M k M p l li d
    s a ar on -
    o e , va r . a a e ns s as .
    , . a a
    Gr M k M p m
    een , v a r m B . h é Chi pi ( f ) b i l i C m t as .
    , . o or u o uc , on a s s c av s o s .
    ,

    var d t t M k C p
    . e ec a i l M k L i m m i t m S ig
    as L l g .
    , . ru n c o a as .
    , eca n u a cu na u n .
    , . on u

    l m D
    u gl L ig m Ni t
    ou d p . m T gi i T zz tt i L
    , . n l B r ru e , va r . e r es s u ar on -
    o e , . o ea e e n .
    ,

    P u lv in a r ia m a mm ea e M a s k , P ps i d ii M a s k , D a c ty lopi u s . . . v a s ta to r Ma s k .
    ,

    S pha er oc occu s ba m bu s a e M a s k , I cer y a pur cha s i M a s k . .

    MA S K EL L W M
    t w i th d esc r i pt i on o f n ew F u rth e r c oc c id n o es

    s p ec i e s fr o m Ne w Z ea l a n d
    , . .
    ,

    A u s tr a l i a Sa n d w i c h I s l a n d s a n d , , ,

    e l s ew h e re and r ema rk s u p on s p ec i es a l r ea dy r e po rt e d : N
    Z ea l I n s t T r an s v ol 27 pp 3 6 7 5 pls 1 7 1 89 5 ( B M )
    .
    ,

    - -
    .
    .
    , ,
    . .
    . .
    , ,

    Th f ll w i g p ie r H w ii A pi d i t l gi pi M rg
    o o n s ec e s c on c e n a a : s o us on s na o .
    ,

    D i pi b i d
    as slii S ig M y ti l pi p l lid G r
    o s uva M fl T gi i T zz tt i n .
    , as s a a een , . a va ar on -
    o e ,

    Chi pi p i l on a s p C bi l i C m t
    s d t t
    r u n co a P l i n . s .
    , . c av s o s .
    , var . e ec a 11 . var .
    ,
    u v na r i a
    ' -
    ‘

    m a mm ea e n . sp .
    ,
    D a c ty lopi u s v a s ta tor n . Sp .

    SH A R P ,
    D AVI D C a m b r i dg e ,
    N a t u r a l H i s t o ry ,
    v ol .
    5 I n s ec t s p a rt 1
    , , ,

    pp . 8 3 5 84 , -
    a n d v ol . 6 I n sec t s
    ,
    p a rt 2, pp . 1- 6 2 5 L o n d o n 1 89 5
    , ,
    .

    ( B M ) ( UH )
    In pa rt rfr
    is m a d e to O lig o to ma in s u la ris
    1, e e en c e a n d to the

    n u me o u s r
    c h r y s o p id es in H a a ii ( p The p ecu l a r i ti es o f H a a an w . w ii ‘

    t
    Od o n a a a r e d i s cu s s ed ( p p 425 In pa 2 th e H a a ii a n e e s ( P o so p i s , . rt , w b r
    pp 21 22) a n d the p e c u i a i i e s o f H a a ii a n
    .
    -
    a s p s ( Od n e r u s pp 76 77 ) a re l rt w w y . .
    —

    d i scu s se d .

    T RY ON H EN RY New c a n e v a r i e t i es a n d ne w d i s ea s es : The P l a n t
    , ,

    t e r s Mo n th l y v ol 1 4 pp 449 4 59 Honol u l u 1 89 5
    ’
    , .
    , .
    -
    , , .

    D i s c u s s e s the d i s tr i b u ti o n o f the b e e tl e b o re r ( R ha b d oc n em is o bs c u r u s —

    T hi s New G u i n ea b o re r is sa i d to occu r al s o in New I rel a n d Ta


    , j
    h i t i Fi i a n d H a w a ii , .
    ,

    A L F K EN ,
    Z u r I n s ec te n fa u n a d er H a w a u sc he n u n d Neuse e
    J . D .
    ,

    l a n d i sc hen I n se l n E eb n i s s e e i n e R e i se n a c d em P ac i c rg r h fi
    Z
    .

    ( S c h -
    au in s l a n d 1 896 o o l Ja h rb 19 an , He 5 . .
    ,
    B d ft
    ( B M ) ( H S PA )
    In c l ud e s n o es t on th e v a r i ous i n s ec t s co ll t ec e d on th e Ha w ii a an islan d s ,

    in c l u d in g La y sa n .

    A L F K EN , J . D .
    , Neu e O rtho pteren
    d e r Ha v on Neu s eel an d un d

    w a iis c he n I n s el n n eb s t kr i t i s c h e n B e m e rk un gen z u e i n i gen b e ,

    k a n n t e n A rt en Ergeb n i s s e e i n e r Re i s e n a c h d em Pa c i fic .

    ( S c h a u i n s l a n d 1 896 Ab h n a t V e r B re m en , v o l 1 7 , pp . . . . .

    1 41 1 52 -
    ( B M)
    Pa r a n e mo b iu s n . ge n . and P . s c h a n i n s la n d i n sp . . a re d esc ri b ed (p .
    42 Be r n ic e P . B is hop M u s e u m— B n lle tin -

    C OCK ER EL L T D A A c h ec k li s t o f the C occ i d a e :


    ,
    . . .
    ,
    -
    I ll . S ta . L ab .

    Na t H i s t B u ll 4 pp 3 1 8 339 1 89 6
    .
    ( H S PA ) . .
    , .
    -
    ,
    .

    Li t th f ll w i g fr m S d w i h I l d
    s s D ty l p i
    e o o n o an c s an s : ac o us v a s ta to r M a sk .

    (p . S pha er oc occ u s b a mb us a e M a s k ( p . . P u lv in a r ia ma m mea e Ma s k .

    (p . M y tila s pis fla v a v a r ha wa ii ens is M a sk , . .

    C RA W A LEX A NDER A l i s t o f s ca l e i n s ec t s f ou n d u p on p l a n t s en t e r
    , ,

    ing the p o rt o f S a n F r a n c i s c o : U S D e pt Agr i c D i v En t . . . . . .

    B u l l 4 T ec h s er pp 4 0 4 1 1 89 6 ( A F ) ( UH )
    .
    , . .
    , .
    —
    , .

    Th f ll w i g l i t d fr m H l l l A pid i t
    e o o ii B
    n hé a re s e o on o u u u : s o us n er o uc , on

    p lm ; A t
    a l
    s i m p t l C k ll
    s er o eca-n u l d r ; C pl t b M k u s u a ns .
    , on O ea n e er o as es ru ens as .
    ,

    on A p l i m f r ; D i pi p t ll f m i S
    s en u k hr b ; D ty l pi
    e n l as s a e a e or s a sa .
    , on s u ac o us a

    bi i M k
    z z ae r g ; I y p h i M k
    as .
    ,
    r ; L i m h
    on o an e cer a ur c as as .
    , on o se e ca n u
    -
    es

    p id m Li
    er u r g ; L i m l g l m D gl nn .
    , C i pp y ; L
    on o a n e ec a n u on u u ou .
    , on a r ca a a a e
    i m p f
    ca n u t m N w t p lm ; L
    er or a u i m t ll t m S ig f r ; e s .
    , on a s e ca n u es s e a u n .
    , on e ns

    L i m
    e ca n u l B r d id m g li ; P l i
    o ea c i p id ii M k e n .
    , on ec u ou s a no a u v na r a s as .
    , on
    f r r g
    e ns, f p m gr
    o an t d v d
    e, co ee , o e an a e an a oca o .

    CR A W A LEX A NDER I n j u r i ou s i n s ec t p es t s f o u n d on tr ees a n d p l a n t s


    , ,
    -

    fro m fo r e i gn c ou n t r i e s : C a li f S ta B d Ho rt sth B i en Re pt . . .
    ,
    . .

    fo r 1 89 5 6 pp 3 3 5 5 p ls 6 8 S a c r a m en t o 1 89 6 -
    , ( US ) .
    -
    , .
    —
    , , .

    Th f ll w i g r f r e t H w ii Ch i
    o o pi d l t M k ( p
    n e e en c e s o a a : o na s s e ec a as . .

    D i pi p t llif mi ? S
    as s k (p a e Pl h i (A t orl i m) p t l s a sa . . a nc on a s er o eca n u us u o u s

    C k (p
    oc .C pl t . b M k (p L i m ig m
    er o Ni t L a s es ru e ns as . . eca n u n r n e ,

    t m N w
    .

    p f er o r a u d L t l t m S ig (p e P l i s,i p id ii M k an . es s e a u n . . u v nar a s as .
    ,

    and A d or e tus u mb r os a s 2 .
    (p .

    CR A W A L EX A NDER En to m o l ogy
    , , an d qu a r a n t i ne : C a l i f S t a t e B d . .

    Ho r t sth B i e n R e pt fo r ,
    . . 1 89 5 6 pp 1 27 1 3 5 S a c ra m en t o
    -
    , .
    -
    , ,

    1 89 6 .
    ( US )
    In c l u d es the fo ll w i g r f r o n e e e n c es to Ha w ii
    L eca n iu m l on gu l u m D oug
    a : ,

    t a k en on pa pa w (C i p p y
    s a r ca a a a ) , a n d C e r o pla s tes r u be ns M a s k o n fe n s . r
    ( pp . 1 27 and the m o n go o se ( p .

    HO WA RD L O ,
    . .
    , and M A R LATT , C . L .
    , T he S a n Jose s ca e : l U S . .

    D ept Agr i c D i v . .
    , B u ll 3 n s er pp 1 80 1 896 ( HS PA )
    . En t . .
    , . .
    , .
    -
    , .

    M r K o eb e l e
    . fo u n d thi l th i l d f K i p pr
    s s ca e d on e s an o aua u on un e an

    p ea c h tr i m p rt e es o ed fr m C l i f r i
    o m tr h vi g b tt rl y d
    a o n a, so e ee s a n een u e e
    s tr y d by th c l
    o e e s a e an d t h r b d ly i f t d
    o e s a n es e .

    KOR EELE A LB ERT , ,


    R e p o rt o n i n s ec t p es t s : H a w Pl a n t e r s Mo n th l y
    .
    ’

    v ol . 1 5, pp .
    5 90 59 8, H o n o l u l u , 1 89 6
    -
    .
    ( H S PA ) ( U S )
    The fo ll w i g p t
    d i s c u ss e d a n d s u gg es i on s giv en fo r he i c o n
    o n es s a re t t r
    tr l
    o : th e ca n e o e b r r S ph
    e n opl i o r u s o bs c u r u s B o is d ; the co fl ee ore
    , A eg o .
    '
    b r ,

    s o me r eflex u
    -
    a sc e c oc on u m K r h ; th
    py a i d , B o ty s s p ; the c u t o m, La . t rl .
    -
    w r
    phy g m a fr u giper d a H u b ; the m o e c i ck e , G r o a p a s p , the su ga c a n e . l r t yll t l r
    ly l t l A
    .

    m ea b u g, D a c ty lopius ca lc e o la r ia M a s k ; a n d p a n i ce phi s S p .
    , .

    MA R LATT , C . L .
    ,
    I n s ec t c on tr o l in C a l i fo r n i a : U . S . D e pt Agr i c . .

    Y e a rbk .
    , pp 2 1 7 2 3 6 1 896 ( B M )
    .
    -
    , .

    I nc l d u es a rfr t th i tr d t i
    e e en ce f C yp t l m o e n o uc on o r o ae us m o n tr o uz i er z
    M u ls .
    , whi h c ha d b v ry f l i H w ii i r i d d i g
    e en f e s u c ces s u n a a n n co ee p l t ti
    an a on s
    of P u lv ina r ia ps id ii ( p .
    44 B er n ic e P B is hop M us eu m B u lle tin .
    —

    fer a s
    -

    Ne w s ,
    D
    D a d o n i d m n Li n n , a n d P u lv i n a r ia ps id ii
    . c ha lc e ol a r ia e M a sk .
    , . .

    t r
    Ma s k O he s ca e i n s ec ts m e n i on e d a r e : As pi d i o tu s a u r a n tii Ma sk , A
    . l t . .

    l on gis pi n a M o g , A d upl ex ock r


    A ca m e l l in e S ign A n e r ii B o u c h
    . . and C . .
    , . é ,

    s ev e a rl
    s p ec i es o f h i s g en us ; t
    P a r la to r ia z iz y ph i Ne s P pe r ga n d c i C o m s t w , . .
    ,

    M y tila s pis ci tr ic ola Pac k , M gl ov e rii Pa c k , M pa ll id a G ee n , M flav a a g . . . . r . T r .

    To z M po m o r u m B ou c h
    .
    , . D ia s p is r os a e S a n d D b ois d i w a l ii S ig n Cit io n é ,
    b .
    , . .
    ,
    -

    a s pis bic la v is C o m s t e u ge n ia e M a s k , pr u n ic o la M a sk D ia s pis pa te l lz


    .
    , C . . C . .
    ,

    fo r m is S a sa k i , D a mygd a li
    -

    on , F i o r i n ia c a m e llia e Co m st , C e r op las tes


    . Try .

    r u b en s M a sk c er iferus nde , .
    ,
    C
    flor i d ens is C om s t , L eca n iu m‘ a c u mi
    . A r C . . .

    n a tu m S ign , L fi li c u m B o is d L he m is pha er ic u m
    . . a g To z , L c o h e a Ni e t .
    , . T r .
    -
    . . ,

    L h es per i d u m Li n n L l ongu l u m D o u g , L m o r i S ign , L n igr u m Ni et , L


    . .
    , . . . . .

    o lea e B e n r
    L tes s e lla tu m S ign , P u lv i n a r ia m a mea e M a sk Er y o c o c cu s a r a u
    .
    , . .
    ,

    . t r
    c a r ia e M a s k , a n d I c e r y a pu r c h a s i M a s k , a s o o h e tr u n d e e m i n ed c occ i d s . l
    r t
    p e se n l
    in the i s a n d s Ab t ou l yb r
    200 s p ec i es o f a d b tr
    i d s ha d ee n i n od uce d .

    ry l t l r t
    u p o n th e S c a e i n s ec s , a s o t w o S p e c i es o f fu n gi d e s t u c iv e to a ll th e
    to p e
    Le c a n id a e R r tr
    e m a k i n g u p on th e i n C
    od u c e d ll
    occ i n e i d a e y t t
    K oeb el e s a s ha ,

    w r r t l b r t C
    .

    on ly 3 s p ec i es e e p ese n in B a c k u n s i me :
    ’
    oc c i n e ll a a b d o m n a lis S a y ,
    i
    r r
    S cy mn us oc e lla tu s S ha p a n d S v iv i an s S ha p , a n d ha th es et t w r tly
    e e e vi d e n , .

    tr ry rly xt
    i n od u c e d v e e a t bt
    E en s iv e n o e s a re giv en u p o n th e ha i s o f the .

    r t r x t tr
    v a i o us o he e o i c S p ec i es i n o d uce d by t r
    the a u h o t r
    O f the o he ih .

    r t r r t
    tr o d u c ed p ed a o s a n d p a a s i te s K o eb el e m e n i o n s s yr ry
    p h i d s a n d c h s op i d
    fli es a s t bl i h d d y Ch l i b es a t W lk i s t iv g i t v r i
    e , an sa s a c s o s cu r a a a . s ac e a a ns a ous

    p yr l i d a d t rtr i i d l r v M ti
    an i l m d f th i tr d t i
    o c f a ae . en on s a so a e o e n o uc on o

    b t fr m C l i f r i 6 0 f W hi h r h d H w ii l iv b t w r pp r tly
    a s o a o n a— 0 o c ea c e a a a e u e e a a en
    t bl i h d T d fr m C l i f r i d fr g s fr m J p r pr d d
    tw r m th A g ti y p il R tt A
    no t es a s e . oa s o a o n a an o o a an e o uce
    fr ly
    ee Am g . on i a
    cu L i o s e ro s s on o , . s a uc a .
    , e ca n a

    un ip t H w Pl i
    unc a ti i l l t G L phygm
    a f gip d , a us a v er c a a u en .
    ,
    a a ru cr a .
    , a re
    m tien d ; th h v f w p r it
    one C fl tr r p rt d b d ly i f t d
    ese a e e a as es . o ee ee s a re e o e a n es e

    by w hi t fly Al r d p ; t r l m i f t h w r i tr d d A d
    a e , eu o es s . na u a en e es o ese e e n o u ce . o

    l
    r e us mb F p r b bly i tr d
    u d fr m J p
    r os u s i il w p rt d fr m
    .
    , o a n o u ce o a an n so , as re o e o

    O h a M i u, d K i Th i
    au t w i ll b
    , tr ll d by th f g i
    an a ua . ese n s ec s e co n o e e un us n

    th w t d i tr i t
    e N t e giv sl i f hi t ry f d p l t
    c s .
    d t rl o es are en on e s o , oo an s, an na u a
    en e mi w i th f ll d i
    es , i f th x p r i m t w i t h f g s Th m ll u s cu s s o n o e e e en s un u e s a
    gr t i i d l rv d tr t iv t th l v f w t p t t ( t iv
    .

    “
    een ne a ae es uc e o e ea es o s ee o a oes na e o
    p
    m wh t ll i d P l t ll m Z m ti
    ”
    ll ) d th if d
    br i zly
    na t an e so e a a e u e a c r uc er a r u . a re en on e
    e .

    MA S K EL L W M
    F u rth e r c occ i d n o t es w i th n e w s p ec i e s a n d d is
    Z
    . .
    , ,

    c us s ion o f p oi nt s o f i n t er est : N ea l I n s t T r a n s v ol 29 . . .
    , .
    ,

    pp 293 3 3 1 p l s 1 8 2 2 1 89 7 ( B M )
    .
    -
    , .
    -
    , .

    The S p ec i e s d e s c r i b e d w h i c h c o n ce r n Ha w a ii a r e : C hi o n a s pis e u gen ia e


    Ma s k an d Ce r opla s tes r u b en s Ma sk .

    M A S K ELL , W M . .
    , On a co ll ec t i on C oc c i d a e p r i n c i p a ll y fr om
    of ,

    Ch i n a a n d J a pa n : En t . M on th M a g v ol 3 3 pp 23 9 2 44 .
    , .
    ,
    .
    -
    ,

    Lo n d on 1 89 7 ( A F ) ( H S PA ) , .

    Th f ll w i g p i e r rd d fr m H w ii A pi d i
    o o n s e c es a re eco e o a a : s o tus cy d o n ia e
    Co m t s u ri ; . m, t t
    on hi tr
    cas a na sa e, va r . ec a , 11 . var .
    , on o a ees ; As pi d i o tu s
    l on gi pi M rg
    s k k i tr ; L
    na i m h p id m L i o .
    , on u u ee s eca n u es er u nn .
    ,
    on p a pa y a and

    on o hi tr a ees .

    PERKI N S R , . C . L .
    , The i n tro d uc t i o n of b e n e fi c i a l i n s ec t s in the H a
    d s : Na t u re v ol 5 5 pp 499 500
    wa l i a n Isl a n , .
    ,
    .
    -
    ,
    1 897 (BM) .

    T hi rt i l d l p r i i p ll y w it h l i t d th r
    s a c e ea s nc a sca e n sec s an e ea s o n s fo r the
    f t h i r i tr d t rl mi P rk i y tri
    “
    s ucces s d o F e n o u ce na u a en e es . e ns sa s : ew cou n es

    ha v b m r pl g d by th i mp rt t i
    e ee n f i t p t th
    o e a ue e o a on o n se c es s an th e Ha w i a
    I llin gw o r th — Ea r ly r e er en c es f to H a w aiia n en tom o l ogy 45

    l
    ia n I s a n d s ; in n on e ha v e s u c h e a o d i na xtr r ry r es u lt s fo ll w o ed the i n trod u c t i o n
    ofb l
    en e fi c i a s p ec i e s to d e s o h
    t e m
    ”
    tr y .

    PERKI N S R C L No t es on Oligo toma in s u lar is M c La c h


    ,
    . . .
    , .
    ( Emb ii
    d a e ) a n d its i m m a t u r e c o n d i t i o n s : En t M o n th M a g . .
    ,
    2d ser .
    ,

    vo l 8 pp 5 6 5 8 Lon d on 1 89 7 ( B M ) ( A F )
    .
    , .
    -
    , ,
    .

    D i sc u s s e s d e v e l o p m en t a n d ha b it s .

    *
    PERKI N S , R . C .L Not es o n s om e H a w a ii a n
    .
    , i n s ec t s : P h il . S oc .

    Ca m b r i dg e P roc v ol 9 pp 3 7 3 3 80 1 89 7 .
    , .
    , .
    -
    , .

    S H AR P D AVI D O Pla githmys u s a Ha w a i i a n g e u s o f l o n g i c o r


    , ,
    n ,
    n n

    C o l eo pt e r a : En t Mo n th M a g v ol 3 3 su pp l p 1 2 Lon d on . .
    , .
    , . .
    , ,

    1 897 ( A F ) ( H S PA ) .

    D r i pt i givesc f P l gi thmy l b ti i p ll t d i W t H
    on en o a s us a er s n . s .
    ,
    co ec e n es 0
    m l l b y S ig r d Alb ti i 874 ’
    o u u no er s n 1 .

    WA L S I N G H A M LO R D Wes t e r n eq u ito r ia l A fr i c a n M i c ro l e p i d o pt e ra
    , ,

    E t S oc Lo n d o n T r a s pp 3 3 67 pls 2 3 1 89 7
    n . . n , .
    -
    , .
    , , .

    D r i b M p i H b ( B l b pl
    esc Z ) l g l l Wlk r
    es rd d fr m on o s . a o i a n es . an e a . ec o e o
    th H w ii
    e ai l d (H l l )
    a an s an s on o u u .

    A LF K EN J D M ega c hile s c ha u in s la n d i n s p
    ,
    . Ei n e n eu M eg a c h il e
    .
    ,
    . .

    a r t a u s Ho no l u l u : En t Nac hr v o l 24 pp 3 40 3 4 1 1 89 8 . .
    ,
    .
    , .
    —
    ,
    .

    ( H S PA )
    C L A RK B , O ff i c i a l . O .
    ,
    b u ll et i n Of the B u rea u of Agr i c u l t u re : The
    H a w a ii a n , v ol I ,
    p 6 Hon olu l u A u g 1 3 1 898 . .
    , ,
    .
    , .

    Th H w ii w k ly w p p r w h i h t rt d F br ry 89 8
    b j t b i g t d v rt i th i l d M Cl rk t h
    w e a a an as a ee ne s a e c s a e e ua 1 2, 1 ,

    it s o ec e n r t ry d m o a e se e s an s . r . a , en s ec e a an co

    mi i r f th H w i i B r f Ag r i lt r d it d p g d l i g w it h
    g r i lt r l b j t Th
    ss on e o e a a an u ea u o cu u e, e e a a e ea n

    a cu u a ly m p l t fi l f su k w i w d by ec s . e on co e e e, so ar as no n s o ne

    M rs B J M i k 2 9 B k l y S tr t H
    . . . l l w i d w f th d i t r L H
    es c , 02 ec e ee , on o u u , o o e e o , . .

    M i k T hi s th fi r t r f r
    es c . d l i g w i t h th m l fly ( D
    , e s e e en c e ea n e e on a cu s cu
    cu r bit C q ) i H w ii
    ae l wh r i t f rr p d
    o . A l tt r
    n a a or e se e e, c on s s s o co es on e n ce . e e

    d t d A g t 8 898 fr m L C S w i H w ii d r i b d t hi
    L p h h
    q h b
    a e u us , 1 , o . . a n, au a oe oe , a a , es c e s
    ne w p t w hi h h h d
    es b rv d ff t i g p mpk i
    , c t e a o se e a ec n u n s, s ua s es , ea n s , o
    m t d w t rm l M Cl rk i hi s r p ly g v th l i f h i t ry f
    fl
    a o es , an a e e on s . r . a , n e a e e e s o o

    th e i w h i h h h d b rv d r f lly th p r vi
    es , c
    y r r H l l ; e a o se e ca e u e e ou s ea n ea on o u u
    h e l a so gg t d m r f tr l
    su es e ea s u es o c on o .

    A mpl t py f thi rr p d r i H w Ag r i E p
    St R pt f
    co pp e e co o s co es on e n ce a ea s n a . c . x .

    a .
    9 7 pp 3 3
    e l i U S D p t Ag r i B ll 49 p p 5 7 5 8
    . or 1 0 , . 0- 1, a so n . . e . c . u . 1, .
    -
    .

    19 1 7 .

    C OCKER ELL T D A The C occ i d a e o f the S a n d w i c h I s l a n d s :


    ,
    . . .
    , En t .
    ,

    ol 3 1 pp 2 39 2 40 Lon d on 1 89 8
    v .
    , .
    -
    , , .

    Th p i d rib d I h i M sk ba m
    p S ph
    R
    e y s ec e s es c e a re : c er a ur c as a .
    , a e r oc occ us
    b u s a e Ma s k , A s ter o l eca n iu m pus tu la n s Ck ll , D a c ty l opi u s c i tr i
    . i s so . . , D al .

    b iz z ia e M a sk , D v a s ta tor M a s k , D v ir ga tu s M a sk ( sy n ce r ifer us
    . . . . . .

    Cer opla s tes r u b ens M a s k , L e ca n iu m n igr u m Ni e a , L n igr u m v a r d epr es . t . .


    , .

    sum a g T r
    L h es per i d u m L , L o l ea e B e n L a c u m i n a tu m S ig n , L lo n gu
    , . . . r .
    , . . .

    l
    l u m Dou g , P u lv in a r ia ma m m e a e M a s k , P ps i dii M a s k , As pi d i o tu s a u r a n tii
    . .

    r é
    . .

    M a s k A l on gis pin a M o g A h ed er a e Va ll v a r n er ii B o u c h A c y d o n ia e
    .
    , . .
    , . .
    , .
    , .

    C o m s t , A m as k e l li Ck ll A per s ea r u m n S p A per n ici os us C om s t , M y tila s pis


    . . .
    , . . . . .

    glov e r ii P a c k , M ha w a ii en s is M a s k , ( a s v a r o f flow )
    .
    M pom or u m
    . . .

    é r
    , .

    B o u c h , M pa llid a G e en , v a r m a s /eell i Ck ll , H ow a r d i a b ic la v is C o m s t v a r
    . . . .
    ,
    .
    46 Be r n ic e P . B is hop M n s em n —
    B u lle ti n
    d e tec ta M a s k . , C
    h io n a s p is pr u n ic o la M a s k ( s y n o f D ia s pis a mygd a l i yo n ) , . . Tr
    C . e ug e n ia e M a s k F i o r in ia fi o r i n ia c a g A u la s c a s pis b o is d uv a l ii S ig n , A
    .
    ,
    T r , . .

    r a s a e B ouc h é .

    HA M PSO N F A r ev i s i o n o f the G m oth s of th e p e rfa m il y Pyr a u


    su

    Z
    .
    ,
    .
    ,

    s tin a e a n d f a m il y Py r a l i d a e : oo l . Soc . Lon d o n P ro c pp 5 9 0 .


    , .

    7 6 1 1 898 , .

    The fo o ll w i g n Ha w ii a an s p ec e s i a r e i n c l u d e d : Na col e ia b la c kb u r n i B u tl .
    ,

    N a ccepta B u tl
    . .
    , N . c on ti n en ta lis Wl lgr n N d ema r a ta lis Wlk a n d N l oca lis
    .
    , . .
    , .

    B u tl .
    (p .

    HO W A RD L 0 O n so m e n e w p a r a s i t i c i n s ec t s
    ,
    .
    , of th e su b fa m il y
    En c y r tin a e : U S Na t M us P r oc v o l 2 1 . . . . .
    , .
    , pp . 2 3 1 - 2 48 , 1 89 8 .

    (BM)
    B l epy r us ma r s d e n i n . sp . i s d e sc ri b ed f r om Ho n o l l u u (p .

    K IR B Y W ,
    . F .
    ,
    D es c r i pt i o n of a n ew g en u s O f O d o a t a : A n n a l s a n d n

    M ag Na t H i st . .
    , 7th ser .
    , vo l 2 pp 3 46 3 48
    . 1 89 8 ( H S PA )
    , .
    -
    , .

    D e sc rib es Ne s o go n ia n . gen .
    , N . bl k b i M L
    ac Al p bl i h d iur n H w c . so u s e n a .

    P l tr an e s
    ’
    Mo . v ol . 17 .
    pp . 208 - 2 1 9 an d 5 8 69 H 2l l 898 ( B M ) ( US )
    -
    2 , on o u u , 1 .

    ( H S PA ) .

    KOEB EL E A LB ERT Re p o rt o f P r o f A lb e rt Ko eb e l e En t o m o l o g i s t o f
    , , .
    ,

    the Ha w a i i an G o v e r n m e n t : Re pt M in I n t Rep u b H a w fo r . . . . .

    1 897 pp 1 0 5 1 3 7 Hono l u l u 1 89 8
    , ( B M ) ( U S ) ( H S PA )
    .
    -
    , , .

    M ost th i r p rt i r
    of s e o s a ep e tit i on of t he v al ua bl e repo rt r t p es e n e d by
    th s i au t h r th p r vi
    o y r ( e e ou s ea s ee No . Ne w m tt r a t rti g e , s a n on pa ge
    1 3 0, d ea l s w ith t r l mi na u a en e es of p e s ts o b rvse ed in C li f r i Ariz
    a o n a, on a , an d

    Mex ico .

    M A S K ELL W M F u rth e r c oc c id n o es t wi th d es c r i pt i o n s o f n ew

    i n t e r est : N Z ea l
    .
    ,

    p ec i es a n d
    s of poin ts o f In s t d i s c u s s i on . . .

    T r a n s v ol 3 0 pp 2 1 9 2 5 2 1 89 8 ( B M ) , .
    , .
    —
    ,
    .

    I l d nc u di i f A pi d i t yd m
    es a C mt k t t sc u s s on o s o us c o ae o s oc va r, ec a 11 var .
    ,

    fr m H w ii ( p
    , .

    o a a .

    MA X W EL L WA LT ER The H a w a i i a n I s l an d s : U S D ept Agr i c


    , ,
    . . . .

    Y ea r b oo k fo r 1 89 8 pp 5 6 3 5 82 1 899 , .
    -
    ,
    .

    I l d nc u bri f t q r ti g i t i
    es t p t d pl t d i
    a e no e on ua an ne a a ns n se c es s an an s
    ea s es d an l tt r fr m M K b l ( p a e e o r . oe e e .

    A L F K EN J D D ie X l c Op a a r t d er Ha w a ii a n I s l a n d s : En t Na ch r
    ,
    . .
    ,
    -
    . .
    ,

    v ol 25 pp 3 1 7 3 1 8 1 899 ( H S PA ) -

    X
    .
    , .
    , .

    Th i tr d mm ly k w i H w ii
    i d r d t b th A i ti p i X h l p t L p
    d b
    e n o yl p !p u ce ee , c o on no n n a a as oc o a a c n e- e n

    i D g i h r
    n s e , s e e con s e e o e e s a c s ec e s . . c oro era e .

    BRI G H A M W T H a w a i i a n fea th e r w o rk : B P B i s h o p Mu s Mem


    ,
    . .
    ,
    . . . .
    ,

    v ol . 1, NO . 1, H ono l u l u , 1 899 .

    C o n ta n s i
    i n t e re s t i n g r e fe ren c es to the d e v el o p men t o f k a h ilis a n d t h ei r
    r e l a t i o n to h ou s e fl i es .

    C OCK ER ELL T D A The C oc c i d a e o f the S a n d w i c h I s l a n d s : En t


    , . . .
    , .
    ,

    v o l 3 2 pp 9 3 . 1 64 1 899 , (AF) .
    , , .

    D i s c u s s e d the d i s tr i b u t i o n o f w h a t w e re c o n s i d e re d e n d e m i c Ha w a ii a n
    s pec i e s n a m ely :
    , K er mic us ( fo r m e rly S pha e o c o cc us ) b a m b us a e w h i ch a l s o r ,
    48 B er n ic e P B is hop M us en m B ulle tin .
    —

    M EYRI C K EDW A RD M a c rol ep i d opt e r a : , , Fa u n a Ha w a i i en s is , v ol . 1,

    pp 1 2 3 - 27 5 ,
    p ls 3 7 1 899
    -
    .
    .

    T hi i th m t xt iv w rk t hi g r p ; i t i l d d r ipt i
    s s e os e en s e o on s ou nc u es es c on s
    f m y
    o w p i s an ne s ec e .

    P ERKI N S R C L Hy m en opt e r a a c u l ea t a : Fa u n a H a w a i i e n s is v ol
    , . . .
    , , .

    1 pp 1 1 22 p ls 1 2 1 899
    , .
    -
    , .
    , , .

    T hi i th m t x t iv w rk t hi g r p ; i t
    s s t i s d r ip t i
    e os e en s e o on s ou co n a n e sc on s
    f m y
    o w p i
    an ne S e c es .

    P ERKI N S R C L O rth o pt e ra : F a u n a Ha w a i ie n s is v ol 2 pp 1 3 0
    , . . .
    , , .
    , .
    -
    ,

    pls . 1 , 2 , 1 899 .

    T hi s is the m o s t xt e en s iv e w o rk on O ho p rt t r e a ; it con a n s t i d es c r ip
    ti on s of ma n y n ew s p ec e s i .

    P ERKI N S ,
    R . C L . .
    ,
    Neu r o pt e r a : F a u n a Ha w a iien s is , vol . 2, pp .
    31
    89 . M s 3 5 , 1 899
    -
    .

    T hi s is th e m o st e xt en s iv e w o rk on Neu ro p t e ra ; it c on a n s t i d e s c r ip
    ti on s of ma ny n ew S p e c es i .

    S C H AUI N S L A N D H , .
    ,
    Dre i M on a t e au f e ne i r K o r a ll en -I n s el ( La ys a n ) ,

    B remen 1 899 , .
    ( H S PA )
    The i n s ec ts l i t s ed a re t r N t id
    Lep i d op e a : oc u ae : Apa mea c h ers o toid es
    B u tl S pa el o tis
    .
    , c r in iger a B tl uPyr l i d.Zi k i
    —
    a ae : nc en a F a so a n
    r c c u r v a l is .
    , l
    tr
    u n d e e m i n ed t i id
    ne — He m i pt r N bi p H ym
    e a : a s s —
    en o p e a : Ch el on us cctr
    m e r on i D T ( =ca r in a tu s
    .

    . . o eo e a : C l pt r D m —
    er es tes d o ni es tic us G a m r .
    ,

    C ly tu s c r i n ic o r n is C hev r , S i lv a n u s s u r in a me n s is Li nn , Tr ib o li u m fer r u gin eu m


    fl
    . .

    l
    F a b , a s o a n a u n d a n c e o f oa ch es , P e i p a n e
    . b r r l t a ( PP 1 02 .The ies
    t
    a n d a n s a re n o t i n c u d e d in h i s pa p e l t r .

    A S H M EAD W H Not e s on s om e New Z ea l a n d a n d A u s tra l i a n


    ,
    . .
    , pa r
    a s i t i e H ym en o pt e r a : L i n n S o c N S W P r oc v ol 2 5 pp , . . . . .
    , .
    , .
    3 27
    3 60 , 1 9 00 .

    D esc rib es th e P tr e o ma i d l , To m o c er a c a li or n ic a ,
    f pa r it as e fo r L ec a niu m
    o l ea c, p .
    3 45 .

    2 10 . DY A R H G ,
    . .
    , La rv a e fro m H a w a ii —
    a co rr ec t i on : C a n En t . .
    , v ol .
    32 ,

    pp 1 5 6 .
    -
    1 58 ( H S PA ) ( A F ) ( U H )
    .

    S pod op tera as ma u r i tia B o is d is d e s c r i b e d


    L a phygma fla v ima c u la ta .

    r
    Ha v in Ca n En t v o l 26 p 65 1894
    . O he ca e p i a s d e sc i e d a r e
    . .
    , .
    , .
    , . t r t r ll r rb
    Ly ca ena b o e tica L i n n P lus ia c ha l c ites E s p a n d O mio d es b la ck b ur n i B u tl .
    , .
    ,
    .

    l t t t
    I t is a s o n o e d ha S phinx c on v olv u li i s the i n s ec d esc i ed a s P h lege tho n t rb
    ti u s c in gu l a ta in En t Ne s v ol 6 p 9 5 . w , .
    , . .

    *
    F RA NK A ,
    . B .
    , and K RU EG ER ,
    F .
    , S c hild la us b uc h B e r li n p ,
    .

    1 20 , 1 9 00

    R
    .

    e co rd s A s pi d io tu s pe r n ic os n s fr o m H a w ii a , p . 70 .

    21 2 . HO W A R D , L . O .
    , A dipt e r ou s en emy o f c u c u r bi t s in th e Ha w a ia in
    Isl an d s : U S . . D e pt Agr i c D i v En t B u ll 22
    . .
    , . . .
    , n se . r pp
    .
    ,
    .
    93
    94 ,
    1 9 00
    w r r iv d M r h 1 3 899 fr m G rg
    S p ec i m en s H on o
    fl y T hi w Co mpe t e
    e e ec e e a c , 1 , o eo e ,

    l l f wh t i l
    u u, ll y k w
    o th m l a s o ca no n as e e on . s as p r o n ou n c e d by
    C q ill tt t b
    o u w p i t w hi h h g v th
    e m o e a ne s ec e s , o c e a e e na e. D a c ns c u c u r b i ta e .
    l l li ngw o r th -
    Ea r ly f
    r e e r en c es to H a t cra i ia n en tom o l ogy 49

    KOEB EL E ,
    A L B ERT ,
    Re p o rt : Ha w . S u ga r P l a n t e r s
    ’
    Ex p . Sta . R e pt .
    ,

    pp 4 42,
    0-
    1 9 00 ( US )
    R
    . .

    rd ec o s an e x a m i n a t i on o f the d yi g r tn oo s of su g a rca n e : no org i an c


    di ld b
    sea s e c ou e fou n d tho u g h , the e p i d rm i e s of r t oo s ha d b een br k o en ,

    p r b bly b y w i d
    o a n .

    KOEB EL E A LB ERT D i s e a ses O f the c a , ,


    ne : The P l a n t e r s
    ’
    M on th l y ,

    v ol 1 9 pp 5 1 9 5 24 1 9 00 .
    , .
    —
    , .

    Di th d i tr i b t i o f d p l t
    scu s s es e s u n, oo an s, ha b it s, an d c on tr l o mea su r es of

    th g r e b tl b r r R h bd
    su a mi ca n e ee e o e , a o cn e s o bs cu r a s ; a so l in c l u d e s br i ef
    t
    n o es th p yr l i d m t h O mi d
    on pt e a o o es a cc e a B u tl .

    KOEB ELE, A L B ERT ,


    Re p o rt of Pr o f A lb e rt. K oeb el e , en o t m o l og i s t
    R ept C o m r . . Agr i c . an d F o r es try fo r 1 9 00, pp .
    3 6 49 ,
    —
    1 90 1 .

    (US)
    Cl r r
    K oeb e le ep o s the i n o d u c i on o f p a r a s i es f o m rt
    a i fo n i a fo r P ier is tr t t r
    r a pa e ,
    r tw r l r w r l
    P l u te l la c r u cifer a r u m a n d v a i o u s c u o ms S a a man d e s e e a so ,
    .

    br ou ght r ov e t by
    No es Le c a n id a e k e p y l br
    in c h ec k n o w man t ady i ds ;

    j
    .

    t r r t r r t t r t l br r w
    p e d a o s a n d p a a s i es se n f o m Fi i a n d A u s r a i a i e f evi e
    x t r t fl
    o he A .

    o f e o ic f u i l wt r ll r b tl
    i es is i n c u d e d i h e me d i es Fu e s ro se ee e , A r a m i , .
    ’

    r ll l
    gu s fu ll er i H o n , is fou n d to b e the s a me a s the s o c a e d O i n d a b u g A -
    .

    t l r tt b ll r rt
    in e i d a va o f co on o s ( G el ec hia gos s y pie l la S n d r s ) is e p o e d ; a .

    t rtr
    o l br r tt b ll b tl
    i c i d a s o e d f om co o n o s a n d a c o mm on e e e A r a e oc e r u s
    , , ,

    J
    fa s ci cu la tu s D e G b tl rt r
    a p a n es e rt
    ee es a r e re p o l
    e d f om a ll p a
    . . s o f th e i s a n d s .

    t r t l tr
    S u gges i on s on v a r i ou s p ha s es o f the p o d u c i on o f s i k a s a n i n d u s y fo r
    l tr
    the i s a n d s t t r
    e m i na e s hi s p a p e .

    KOEB EL E, A L B ERT D es tr uc t i on o f f o r e s t t r ees : Re pt Co mr Agr i c ,


    . . .

    an d F o r es try Ha w a i i for 1 900 pp 5 0 60 1 90 1 ( U S ) , , .


    —
    , .

    Di th d pr d ti f i
    scu s ses ts f r t tr f H w ii : I y
    e e e a on o n s ec on o es e es o a a cer a

    p h i M k i
    ur c as d tr l th l d yb i rd b tl V d li
    as . d i lis b un er c on o , e a ee e, e a a ca r na s, e

    i g n b d t Oth r a l i t m ti d
    un an L. i m ig m N it e sc a e n s ec s en on e a re eca n u n ru e ,

    L l g l m D g
    . on d P l iu u i p i d ii M k w h i h
    -

    l w ll h k d by
    ou , an u z ' rz a r a -
    s as . c a re a so e c ec e

    i tr d d t r l
    n o mi
    uce Th m i id ina u g rd t th m l y b g
    a ene es . e sa e s sa n re a o e ea u s,

    D ty l piac if N w
    o E y th i
    us m p m
    c er N t th p
    er u s e s , on r r na o n os er a . o es on e s an
    w rm S t y th id li
    o ,
    t rtr i i d d
    c o or Br h d tr t iv t th
    ra o as, a o c , an on a uc us es uc e o e

    s eed f th k tr
    o Th l i t f C r mby i d b tl
    e td i l d
    oa Pl ee . e s o e a c ee es no e nc u es : a

    gi th m y i S hp P
    s us p l l t M t h P
    v a r a ns i t t S hp P .
    , . u v er u e n u s o sc .
    , . cr s a us .
    , .

    a eq u a lis S hp P a r a chn ipes S hp P d a r w i n i a n u s S hp P b la c k b u r n i S hp


    .
    , . .
    , . .
    , . .
    ,

    P fu n eb r is S hp , P b ilin ea tus S hp P b is h opi S hp P v i c in us S hp P c o l


    . . .
    , . . . .
    , .

    la r is S hp P d i a n a S hp P fi ns c hi Ha r P pu lv il la tu s
    .
    , . a r sc h P la n a i e n s i s . , .
    -
    .
    , . K , .

    S hp P a es tiv u s S hp P c on co l o r S hp , P per m u n d us S hp P per kin s i S hp


    .
    , . .
    , . . . .
    , .
    ,

    C C
    .

    P la ma r c k ia n u s S hp
    . C ly ta r lu s fi lipes S hp , me d i ocr is S hp d ebilis .
    , . . .
    , .

    S hp , c la v iger S h p
    . C .n o d ifer S hp , mo d es tus S hp l a ti co ll-
    i s S hp .
    , C . . C . C .
    , . .
    ,

    C penn a tu s S hp
    .
    fr agilis S h p Io n gipes S hp a n n ec ten s S hp
    .
    , C . an d .
    , C . .
    ,
    C .

    r w rt t
    .
    ,

    Ca lli th mys u s mi cr oga s ter S hp Ko eb el e co n s i d e s the o s p es o f the .

    n at iv e fo r t es to be ca ttl e ( pp .
    57

    K OEB EL E A L B ERT No t es on i n sec t s a ff e c t i n g th e k o a tr ees


    '

    -
    , ,

    R ept B d C o m r Agr i c . . . . a n d F o r e s tr y H a w a ii , , 1 9 00, pp . 6 1 66 , -

    1 90 1 , ( US )
    t
    The i n s ec s n o e d a re : P a r a n d r a pu n c ti ceps S ha p , A egos o ma r eflex u m t r
    K r
    a s c h in th e d e a d oo d o f the d e ca i n g fo e s The ivi n g ee s a f ec e d w y r t . l tr t
    by th e
    “ ”
    l
    O i n d a b u g P a n d a m or us o li n d a e Pe k , b y to i c i d a n d g eom e i d , r . rtr tr
    l r
    a va e an d a fu n g oi d d i s e a s e
    , by .
    50 B er n ice P B is ho p . M u s e ni n —
    B u lle tin

    KO EB EL E , A L B ERT ,
    Ha w a ii
    '

    s fo r es t foes : Ha w . A r m for . 1 90 1 , pp .

    9 97 ,
    0 -
    H o n ol u l u ,
    1 900 .

    D i sc us s es r i g f r t f th i l d d r i b i g
    c a u se s o f the d i s a ppe a n o es s o e s an s, e sc n

    th v ri
    e a p i f i
    ou s t t t tt k tr s w ith th i r t r l
    ec es mi o n se c s ha a ac e es , e na u a en e es .

    M EYRI CK EDW A RD New H a w a ii a n Le p i do pt e r a : En t M on th M a g


    , , . .
    ,

    vol 3 6 pp 2 5 7 2 5 8 1 900 ( H S PA ) ( A F )
    .
    , .
    -
    , .

    Th p im e d ri b d w r S ecll t d by P r f r S h i l d
    en s e sc e e e co ec e o e s so c au ns an .

    A g tiro m i id
    s p
    er e d A p ll i op w r bt i d t L y
    es n s . . an . r oc e ar s n s . .
    , e e o a ne a a sa n ,
    an d S t y th di
    co or i p S t i i M y ra P hly t i y t M y
    c e ra u n a n s . .
    , . r sc a e r .
    , c a en a s n as ra e r .

    ca m fr m M l k i
    e o o o a .

    220 *
    P ERKI N S R C L I n tro d uc t i o n o f b e n e fi c i a l i n sec t s i n t o the Ha
    w a iia n I s l a n d s : B e r l i n En t Z e i t pp 4 5 46 1 9 00
    . . .
    ,
    .
    ,

    -
    . .
    .
    , ,

    T hi i r m é f s rti l t h t pp r d i N t r
    s a e su l 55 p p 499 o an a c e a a ea e n a u e, vo .
    . .

    5 00 . 1 89 7 .

    22 1 . PERKI N S ,
    R . C L C o l eo pt e r a Rh y n c h o ph o r a Pr ote r hin id a e Het e
    . .
    , , , ,

    rom e r a , a n d C io id a e : F a u n a Ha w a iie n s is v ol 2 pp 1 1 7 270 , .


    , .
    -
    ,

    p ls 7 1 0, 1 9 00
    -
    . .

    The m o s t xte en s iv e w o rk d ea l i g w i t h th
    n es e g ro u ps ; i t c on a n s t i d e s c r ip
    ti ons o f man y n ew s p ec i es .

    22 2 . S H AR P D AV I D C o l eopt e r a PhytOp ha ga : F a u n a Ha w a i i en s is v ol 2
    , , , .
    ,

    pp 9 1 1 1 6 p l 6 1 900
    .
    -
    ,
    .
    , .

    Th m t xt iv w rk
    e t hi g r p ; i t
    os t i d r i pt i
    e fen s e o on s ou con a n s e sc on s o

    m y an w p i ne S ec e s .

    T H O M A S W B F a r m i n g in Ha w a i i : Ha w An n fo r 1 90 1 pp 1 24
    ,
    . .
    , . .
    , .

    1 28 , 1 900 .
    (B M)
    Inc r fr l
    t i u d est p t w hi h a br i
    id t m k it l ef e e en ce o n se c es s c a re sa o a e a
    m t i mp os i bl t g r w rt i v g t bl ( p
    os s e o o ce a n e e a es .

    V A N DI N E D L A p art i a l bibl i o gr a ph y o f H a w a ii a n e n t o m o l o gy
    , . .
    ,

    U S D e pt Agr i c Ofli c e Ex p S t a t i o n s B u ll 1 7 0 pp 5 2 59
    . . . .
    . . .
    , .
    -
    .

    1 906 .

    B A LL , S . C .
    , M i gra t i on
    i n s ect s to R eb ecca S h oa l L i ght S t a t i o n of -

    an d the T o rt u ga s I s l a n d s w i th s p ec i a l r e f e r en c e s to m os q u i t oes ,

    an d fl i es : C a r n eg i e I n s t Wa s h Pu b NO 2 5 2 pp 1 9 3 2 1 2 . .
    , . . , .
    -
    .

    19 1 8

    fli
    .

    C t i on a n s an i n t e res t i n g no e t on the o b rv t ise a on of ho u s e es m ig r ti g


    a n

    l g di t
    on s a n ce s in a sma ll b t oa (p .
    52 B e r n ice P . B is ho p Il l n s e u m -
    B u lleti n

    D
    Da c tyl p i o us 3 8, 40 , 4 1 , 49
    Da c us 1 8 45 4 7 , 48
    ‘

    , ,

    Da n a id a 16
    Da na i s 36
    D e ielia 38
    D e ile p hil a 26 , 3 0
    D e lp ha x 23 , 24 H a d e na 25
    D ep r es s a r ia t b
    Ha e m a o i a
    l o es
    33 1 7. 47
    r
    D e me s es t 48 H a b at 15,34
    D ia s p is 4 1 , 42 . 44 46
    , H a p ton c u s 27
    D ies to ta He d n o ta 37
    D ila s ia Helco ga s te r
    e li o i s
    37 35
    D ip l os a r a 33 H th . 24 3 0
    .

    I ns e n o c hu s Hem ihe r l e s ia
    e ini
    . d
    47
    D ol ic ho tel u s 35 H rm a 26
    D r y o p htho r u s 27 He te r a m p hu s 35
    Dy s c o l us 26 H e te r o c o ss a 33
    y
    D sd erc us
    ‘

    2 t r
    He e o p ha ga . 22 3 5 ,

    Ho l oc h il a 28 3 1 ,

    H o l co b iu s 31
    H o m o eo s o ma 37
    H o w a r d ia 45
    Hy a l o p te ry x 24
    Hy d r o b i u s 6 . 22
    Hy d r o p h ilu s
    e ni
    6 20, 28
    ‘

    H ym a 26
    Hy p en a 26, 30 3 I
    .

    Hy p e ra s p is 24
    Hy p e r o m o r p ha 35
    Hy p oca l a 32
    Hy p o the n e m u s

    35

    K e r n1 ic u s

    i
    La b e tis
    La b a
    La b r o ce r us
    La e m o r p hl o e u s

    La p hy gma
    ni
    Lar e t a
    n
    La v e r a
    L ec a ni u m
    L e u c a n ia 26 , 27 , 28, 30 32 ,

    38 . 44 , 4 5 47 , 48 49
    . .

    L m
    Le p i otu s
    e p hy ga a 39
    d
    Le p th em is
    Lis t f G en er a
    o
    53

    Lep togen y s Oe n e m on a
    L euco pha e a
    i ll l
    '

    O ligo ta
    L be u a O l igos tigm a 28
    Lil ia Oligitom a 3 3 ) 3 5 ? 41 ! 4 5
    Limn er ia O m ic r u s 28
    Lio p ha en a Omio d es
    O n is c o s o ma
    Lisp in o d es On is c us
    ‘

    9
    Lita rgus O n tho p ha gus
    ‘

    23
    Litho cha r is O o d em a s
    Lo c a s tr a 27
    L o pha Op hi on
    Lox oc r eon O r tho m ecy n a
    LUp er u s O r tho p e ru s 34
    Lutev a
    Ly c a e a n Ox y tel u s 30, 3 4

    Pa c hy co ry n u s 30
    F a lis te s
    M ar gar o d es P am e ra
    M a r ga r on ia Pa n c hl o ra
    Ma u i a Pa n d a m or us
    M a un a
    o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    P a n ta l a
    M ecy n a l
    M e ga c h e il Pa p i i o
    P a ra n e m ob iu s
    Me ga l a gr ion P a r a n d ra
    Mega l o mus Pa r a p on y x 37
    M ega sc e l is r
    Pa a s i a
    Mela n o m ecyn a P a ra tr igon id iu m
    M e r r a ga ta
    M es ta l ob e s
    P ar l a to r i a
    P el op oeu s
    Me ta c o el us
    o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    P e n ta r th r u m
    Meta s ia r l t
    Pe i p a n e a
    M et ha n a
    P e i ol e
    Pha l a in es thes 47
    M etr a r ga h d 29 , 3 2, 36
    Metr o m en u s Phen ol ep is 29
    M im es a P hl a eo p o r a 30
    Mic r a ca n tha
    o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    Phl ege thon tiu s


    ‘

    Mir o s te rn u s Phly c ta e n ia 50
    M ic r ov elia t r
    Ph ho i m a ea IS
    Mon a n u s ‘

    Phy ll o d ro m ia 40
    Mon ol e x is
    n
    Mo o m o r u m
    Mon op is
    i P ie r is
    P i mp a l
    49
    36
    P i so n 29, 3 6
    Mo r a n ila
    Mo r ga e a
    Mu sc a
    n ll Pl a githmy s u s
    Pl a n c hon ia
    22, 23 , 3 0 . 3 5 . 43 , 4 5 , 49

    P l a ty d e ma
    Pla ty n us 6, 3 I . 3 2
    My r mel on Pl a ty p til u s
    P l o ia r io d es
    Pl o d ia
    l
    P u s ia
    P l u te ll a
    P li t
    o s es . 29 , 36
    P ly m m t
    o o a us 32
    P on e ar
    l pm
    P r o d e ni a
    P ren o e s 29 , 36

    1 9 , 29 , 3 6, 3 7 , 4 1 P r o gn a tho gry ll u s 40
    28 P r omec o d e r u s 31
    54 B e r ni c e P
    -

    . B is h op M us e um f — B u ll eti n

    P a ge

    P ro p a l tic u s S p ha e r id iu m 29
    P r o to pa r ce S pha r e ococcus -
    3 9 , 40, 4 1 , 42 45 . 46 .

    in
    S p hen o p ho r u s
    P r os o p is 23 , 2 9 ,
    ‘

    3 7 42 ,

    P r o te o pte r y x 32 S ph x 8, 1 3 , 40, 48
    P r ote r hin u s 2 7 , 29 , 31 , 35 S p a e l o tiu s 30
    P ro toc o l le tis; 37 S p o d o p te r a 48
    P s a m m o d iu s 6 S p o e lo ti s 30
    P s eu d o c o re m ia 28 S ta s il e a
    Pseu o l us
    31
    d 35 S ten o c o r u s 27
    tr
    S ten o p e a s
    Pu l in ar i a
    33 22
    v 44 . 4 5 , 4 7 49 , S ty l o py ga 40
    S y n o m o tis
    P yra li s
    Py ly
    c n o s ce s 20 33

    P yram e i s
    26
    2 5 , 28

    Ta c hy u s a
    T ap in o ma
    Te le p ha n u s
    Te lm a to p h ilu s
    -o
    Te r a s
    Tetr a m o r iu m
    T e tra n y c h us
    T e tt i go ni a
    Thy r oco p a o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    To m oce ra
    To x o c a m pa
    T ram c a
    o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    T
    T r i b o li u m
    r ec h us

    T r ic h o p til u s
    Tr igo n id iu m
    Tr ip le p s
    Tr o go p hl a e u s
    Tr o x
    T ryp e ta
    T r y p o p ity s

    V a n e s sa 7, 8 9 , , 1 3 . 2 1 . 22, 2 5 , 26 . 28, 30 3 1
    l
    .

    V e d a ia
    28

    Zin c k en ia
    56 B e r n ic e P
    -
    . B is hop M us e mn— -

    B u lletin

    C o n io ry c tu s C ha lceo la r ia e Da c opius , tyl o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    G ly t m a C l t
    ha c i e s P us i a , l
    Ho l oc hil a C he rs o to id e s p a mea A
    ,

    Xyl
    o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    Le p the m is C hlo r o p tera oc op a , o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    Lim n e r ia C hl o ro ticu s C is ,

    M ega la gr ion C in c tip en n is A p a m e id a e ,

    Na b i s C in gu la ta Phl a eo p o ra , o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o oo o o o o

    Na c o le ia P r o to pa r ce
    Neso go n ia P hl egetho n tiu s
    Ny s iu s C itr i, Da c op i u s tyl
    O d y n e us r C itr ico l a , M y tila sp is
    O m io d es C l a d es tin a , P hen o l e p is
    P en ta r th ru m C la v ic o rn is Oligota . o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    Pla githmy s u s Cl r
    a vig e , C l y ta r l us
    P r oso p i s C rtt
    oa c a a , Scop a ri a
    P ro te r hin u s C l
    o e n os u u s , Ny s iu s
    P ro top a r c e C ff L
    o
    ’
    ea , ec a n u m i
    Rhy nco go n u s C o lla r is A n a n ea
    ,

    B l ack b u r n ia e C o l e o l ic hu s , P l a githm y s u s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    B l ed io id es O x y tel u s ,
    P r ote rhin u s
    t
    B o e i ca L ca en a
    , y C o n ce n tr icu s A e l etes ,

    t
    B oe i c us , Poly mm a tu s C on co o l r
    Ci s ,

    B o is d uva l ii Au l a s c a s pis , La b r oce ru s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    D ia s p is Pla githm y s u s
    ‘

    B on v o u l o i r i, Fo n a r x C o n fe a, rt
    He i o h i s l t
    rr
    B o e i O o d e ma s
    , C on fu s s u s B a c a n iu s ,
    o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo ooo oo o o

    y r
    o o o o

    B ra c hy mo r p ha , Pl a ty p tilia
    P oso i s
    C o n gr uu s , Od n e u s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    B rev ic o rn e C ry p to r ho p a l u m , C on ic e p s , r p
    B rev ico r n is , M on a n u s C on s tr t
    i c a , P r oto c olle tis o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    B r e v ip en n e G ly p toma . S co p u l a
    r
    B e vi p e s O m ic r us , C on tin ua ta l is B oty s
    ‘

    ,
    o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o oo o o o

    r
    B evi s B ra c hy p ep l u s
    , Lo x oc r eo n
    Cy cl otho ra x Na co le ia o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ooo o o o

    O m io d es
    C S a lb ia
    C a em en ta r iu s P e o p aeu s , l 36 C tr t
    on ac a, Me tra r ga
    C a en eu s a lis H e m i n i a r 26 r
    in
    , P on e a

    C a e n o s ul u s Ny s iu s ,
    25 C v lv li
    on o u . S ph x
    C l l r
    a c eo a i a Da c y o p i u s , tl C o r tic ea , S c o to s ia o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    Cla id a , De ile p hil a 30 C o r r u sc u s A n c ho me n u s


    ‘

    C a l id u s , C is 35 C o r y mb ite s
    Cl r
    a i fo n i ca To moc e r a , 48 C o s m o d a c ty l a Pla ty p til ia , o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    l t
    o

    C a l igin o s u s Dy s c o l u s C r a n ife x F a i s es
    ion
    , 26 ,

    C a l l ip hy a Agr , 33 C r a s s ic o m e O o d e ma s .

    Cla vus Cy m us
    . 31 C ra s s ico r n is C is te l a ,

    C a m el l ia e A s p ed iotus , 44 Cr i p ass es . Try p t e a n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n

    F io r in ia C D y p hth
    A gr o ti s
    ‘

    44 r a s s us , r O o r us
    C r
    a me o n i C he l o n u s
    , 48 Cr m t e a a,

    C a p uc in u s T r y p op ity s , 31 S pa el o tis
    C r
    a d i na i s l
    Od n e rus . y 37 C re n a tu s M o na n u s ,

    V ed a ia l 49 C r in ic o m is C ly tu s ,

    r
    Ga d u l ,V a n es s a 8 9 , . 2 5 28 3 0 C r
    r i n ig e C y mu s ,

    C r t
    , .

    a i n a us C he l o n u s
    , 31 C r in ige r a S p oel o tis ,

    M iro s te r n u s 31 Cr t t
    i s a u s C ly ta r l u s ,

    C r
    a ina a t D ies to ta
    , 30 Pl a githmy s u s
    C r
    a ina u s t Che l on us .
    48 C r uc ife ra r u m P u e a . l t ll
    C a s ta n eu s a o te m e s
    ‘

    , Cl r 33 C u c u rb ita e, D a c u s
    C e la tu s B ra c hy p e p l us
    , 35 C u n ea u s t
    A n is o d a c ty l us
    ,
    ‘

    o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

    C e r i fe r u s Ce r o p l a s te s
    . Pla gith my s u s
    Dac t o p i us yl 43 4 5 49
    , , C u n e ip e n n is , An c h o m en u s
    Lis t o f S pec ies 57

    Cu r ra x , F a la gr ia t
    D o mes i cu s D e m es e s , r t
    rt
    C u a Oligo s tigma D ro me d a r ius Od n e u s , y r
    r
    ,

    Curtip es , M y l la en a Dub io s u s Od yn e us
    ‘

    Cu rv ic o z n is S ta s il ea ,
    D up e ,l x A ll ca e s
    C u r tip en n is , Na i s b As p e d iotu s
    Cy d o n ia e A
    sp i d i o u s
    , t D ux , r
    S a c o p h a ga
    va r . t t ec a D y tis c o id e s El eu the r o d a ,

    Cy l in d r icu s , H ete r a mp hu s
    P s a mmo d iu s E
    Cy tr ic ola , My til a sp i s l tr
    E ec i ca S c o op en d a , l r 9
    l
    E e ga n s B r on to l a e m u s
    , 35
    D El u te lla Ep hes i a , t 26
    D a l l a s i, Ny s iu s En n y c hio id es M ecy n a , 31
    Da r w in ia n u s , Pl a githm y s u s S c op u a l 37
    bl
    D e i i s Ca c c o d es
    , Ep h is te m o id es C is , 35
    Cly ta rl u s Ep ica p na Sy n o m o tis , 33
    Eo p en the s r
    Ep i cu us A n c ho m en u s , 26
    M iro s ter nu s E r e m io id e s g o is A rt ,
    ‘

    50
    P r o te r hin u s rr
    E o A n c h o m en us
    , 27
    Tel ma to p hil us Eu c r en a S co p u a , l 37
    D e c e p to r , A g i on r Eu ge n ia e h i on a s p i s
    , C .
    44, 46
    D ec liv ia , D ry o p hth oru s Eu l e lla Ep hes i a
    , t 37
    l r
    D eco o , D il a s ia Ev a n escen s Ci s , 29
    t
    Deco r a a , P e i p a n e a r l t Ex a n l a , M rg r d a a o es 37
    S ty lopyga E x ig ua , M ecyn a
    D ec o ra tu s ca e s , A ll ‘

    O r tho m ecy n a 37
    D el ec ta , C
    h i on a s p i s O r thom ecyn a va r . c u p r e ip e n n i s 33
    l t
    D e ec u s , Ny s iu s S co p u a l 30
    D e m a ra ta lis , B o ty s Ex p e r s B r a c hy p ep l u s
    , 35
    Na co l e ia Ex p la n a tu s , B ra chy p ep l u s 29
    O m io d e s Ex p lica n d u s Lis p in o d es , 30
    D emo d es , X e roco p a Ex tr a n ea , Leuca n ia 3 0, 3 2
    rt
    .

    D e n ig a a , D il a s ia E xtr
    a n eu s Od n e us
    ‘

    y r 36
    Cr br
    ,

    D en tic o rn is a o , Ex ul a n s , S a d a l 28
    Dep l a n a ta , B ra c hy m eto p a
    r
    D ep es s u m, Leca n i um
    Des p ec ta , Rho d a r ia Fa c il is , Ael etes
    Sc op u l a P r os op s i - 29 , 36
    D esu etel la Ep h e s i a , t Fa m i l i a r i s , My ll a en a 30
    tr t
    De i us P r ote r hin u s,
    ‘

    F a s c ia lis ,
    Hyp en a 30
    D ev er illi Cy cl otho r a x
    , Fa s c i a t a ,
    D e ielia 38
    D i a n a , P l a githmy s u s F a sc iatu s , Lep i d o t us 6
    D ice r a u n ia , S coto ry thr a Trec h u s 23
    l t
    D i e c a, Li i a l Fa sc i c ul a t us A r a eoce r u s , 49
    D iligen s , M a ga c hile F e m o ra tu s , M eta co e l u s 36
    ‘

    D il u ta , P hl a eop o r a rr
    Fe u gi n eu m , i o iu m Tr b l 48
    D im id iatu s , C a rp o p hil u s F ilic um , Leca n i u m 44
    t
    D i m i n u iv a s , C is l
    Fi ip es Clyta r l u s
    ,

    D i r em p tu s , Ep itragu s F in s c hi, Cly ta r l u s


    D is c ed en s , B ra c hy p e pl us Pl a y ithmy s us .
    43 , 49
    var k a u a ien s i s
    . F io r in ia e F io r in ia , 46
    My ll a en a l
    F a v a , M ytil a s p is
    P a c hy co ry n u s var ha w a ii en s is
    .

    S c y m n us l
    F a v escen s , Pa n ta la 25 , 33
    l r
    .

    D i s co o , B ra c hy meto p a F la v ic ep s Liop ha en a
    ‘

    , 30
    l t
    D i s oca a Le u ca n ia ,
    F la v ifr on s , P os op i s r ’

    29 , 3 6
    r
    .

    D i s p a , P r ote rhin us F la v ima c u l a ta , Lep hy ga m a 39 48


    t t Cr br
    .
    ,

    D i s i n c us , a o F la v in e r v is v a in ? M u s c a ‘

    , 25
    r
    D iv e su s , Od n e u s y r F l a v ip es , Eu p el mu s
    t
    Domes i ca M u s ca , r
    P os op i s 23 , 29 , 36
    58 B ern ice P . B is hop M us e u m — B u lletin

    Fl a v o o rb i t a l i s Ec hth r o mo r pha
    -
    , S c op a i a r
    Fl o r i col a B r a c hyp ep l u s
    , T r ic ho p til u s
    F l o r ic o l en s G es n er i a , X e r oc o p a
    He d n o ta He b r a e u s P o i s es , l t
    F lo r id e n s is C e r op l a s tes , Heb r o id e s M e r r a ga ta ,

    F o r fi c u l a r is P r o gn a thogry ll u s , He d e ra e A s p i d i o u s v a r n e t r n
    r r
    , .

    Fo m i c a i u s C y l a s , t
    He p a i c a An om a loc hry sa
    r
    ,

    Fo mo sa X e r oco pa , tr
    H e m i p e a s C a rp O p hilu s ,

    F o s s ip e n n is An c ho m e n u s , He m iS p ha e r icu m Le c a n i u m ,

    F o s s u la tu s , P r o meco d eru s H e S p e r id u m Le ca n i u m ,

    F o v ea tu s , H ete r a mp hu s H ie r o gly p hica B a a ,


    l tt
    r l
    F a gi i s C ly ta rl u s
    , P hy llo d r o m ia
    F r a te r n u s A n c ho m e n u s, H il a re lla , in u s Az
    r
    F igi d a B la ck b u rn i
    , H il a r is , P os o p i s r
    S copa ia r rt
    H i a , S p a l a n gia
    r
    F igi d u s e o us
    , X yl b r H ir te l lu s , H ete r a m p hu s
    F r o n tin a l is Tro go p hl a eu s
    ‘

    , H i s p i d u s , Eu l a c hu s
    F ru gip e r d a La p hygm a , H o n o l u l uen s is , Ap te ro cy c l us
    F ugitiv u s An c ho m e n u s ,
    Hosp es , Pi son
    G o n io ry a tu s Hu m e r a l is , E a e ltr
    F u l l er i A r a m igu s
    , Ep hes i a t
    br
    Fu n e i s Pl a githmy s u s
    ,
    H o m oeo s o m a
    F u s c ip e n n is P o so p i s , r P r o te r hin u s
    Eu s c ip e s E a e l tr Hu n te r i, P a m e i s yr
    F u sc u m ,
    ,

    i p hi d i u m X V a n es s a
    r l
    Hy d o p h i a , H ed n ota
    G S t m co o er a
    G e m i n a ta S o e n o p s i s
    , l Hy tri x P
    s ,
    r o te r hin u s

    G e r o n tia l is A s o p i a ,

    l br
    G a a , Oligo ta
    G l a b r ic o l lis H o l cob iu s ,
    I c hn ia s X e ro s c o p a
    ,

    G la b r ip en n is , M ir o s te rn u s I d o l ia s , S co to ry th r a
    G l a uc u la l is M a rga ron ia ,
    I gn a v u s , O o d e m a s
    G l o v e r ii My tila s p is I gn ic o l a , B e mb id iu m
    t A ll
    ,

    G o s sy p ie lla G e e c hi a l I gn o u s , ca es
    T r
    ,

    r l
    G a c i i p es Lio p h a e n a
    Xyl b
    I ll e p id a ,
    ‘

    e as
    r
    ,

    r l
    G a c i i s , I to d a cn u s I mm a tu r us e o us ,

    P r o te r h in u s t
    I mp a c a B o litoc ha r a
    ,

    R hyn co l u s
    ’

    r
    I m p e s s us B r a c hy p e p l u s,

    G r a c il l im um , M o n o m o i u m r I n a e q u a lis , B r a c hy p ep l us
    G r a n u la tu s Ho lc o b iu s ,
    I n a u ra tus B r a c hy p e p l u s
    ,

    G r a v id u s D ry o p htho r u s I n c en d ia r iu s An c ho m e n u s ,

    t
    ,

    r A
    G e on i . sp i d i o u s t I n c o g n i a , D ies to l a
    r ll
    G i se a Ac h r oea,
    In c o mp ta Lithoc ha r is ,

    r
    G i s e u s A so p u s
    ,
    I n c o n s p i c uu m , S a r o n y c hiu m
    Hy p o then e m u s I n d e co ra , D e p r es sa r ia
    G u i ne en s e , Te tr a m o r iu m I n e p tu s P ro te r hin us
    ,

    tt
    G ut a us , B r a c hy p e p l u s r
    I n fe n a m , O o d e ma s
    I n fi r m u s , B r a c hy p e p l u s
    I n fla ta He i o h i s
    , l t
    H a l tic o id e s O o d e m a s , I n gl o r ia , P o d e n i a r
    Ha l ea k a l a e Od n e u s , y r I n n o ta b il is , G us ryll
    Ha r s c hi C y c lo th o r a x
    , I n n o ta tu s Na i s b
    r
    ,

    Ha w a iien s is A g i o n , I n s ig n i s , B l a c k b u r n ia
    Fo r fic u la D ry o p htho r u s
    G on i i s t Hy p e n a
    Limn e r ia P ro te r hin u s
    My tila s p is X y le tob iu s
    y r
    O d n e us I n s oc ia b ilis , An c ho m e n u s
    ‘

    P i mp a l I n s o l id a , Lu tev a
    60 B e r n ic e P . B is hop M u s eu m — B u lleti n

    M e d i o c r i s Clyt a r l u s , Nig r i ca n s Op h i on ,

    M ega c ep ha l a Phe i d o l e ,
    P ro ter hin u s
    M e la n o ce pha la T a p i n o m a , Nigr ic e p s , Pa me a r
    M e l a n o p is X e r o c o p a , Rhyp a r o c h r o m u s
    M elific a Ap i s ,
    Nigr in us , Xy leto b iu s
    M e s ol euca Xe r oco p a
    ‘

    ,
    Nigr ip en n e , Rhy gc hiu m
    M eta ll es c e n s B r ac hyp epl u s ,
    Nigr ip en n is , Od n e u s y r
    M et a t a r sa l i s Li s p e ,
    Nigr o fa sc ia tus , C i s
    M eticu l o s u s A n c ho men u s r
    Nig o ha ma u m, A g i o n
    -
    t r
    Nig r
    ,

    M i ca cea A p o ro d e s u m, Le ca n i u m
    r
    ,

    S c o pu a l va r . d e p es s u m
    M ic a n s Cyc l otho r a x Ni t i d B r a c hy m eto p a
    a,
    Ni t i d
    ,

    r
    M i c o ga s e t r
    Ca ll ithmy s u s ,
    u s , Ny s iu s
    ‘

    Cly ta r l us Niv ic ol a Oo d em a s ,

    M ic r o p hy a Ch ry sop a ,
    Noc tiv o l a n s To x o ca mp a ,

    M ig ra t o r B o s tr ichu s
    ,
    No d ife r C ly ta r l u s ,

    M i n o r Eu x es tu s
    ,
    Nu d a Me tr a rga
    ,

    M in u sc ul a B o reo ph ila ,
    Nu ta n s , M icra ca n tha
    M e s tol o b es Nu ta to r , O o p s is
    M in u tu s Eid o r eu s
    ,

    M o d es t u s A gry pn u s O
    r
    ,

    Clyta r l u s Oa hue n s e A g i on , 34
    D ry o p hth o r us Oa hu e n s is Cy c l o tho ra x , 27
    M oes ta Re cl a d a
    ,
    My lla en a 34
    M on o gon a O mio d es
    M o n ta n a An om a l oc h r y s a
    ,

    O bl iq uus, X yl b
    r e o us
    37
    35
    b r C l dr
    ,

    D ies tol a O s cu a , a an a 22
    S co p a i a r M etra rga 37
    M o n ta n u s An o theo r u s
    ‘

    P r e n o l e p is 36
    C li
    ,

    Od yn e u s r Ob scu r a ta , ha c s 44
    t l
    M on i c o a Ael etes ,
    b r
    O sc u e - p u n c ta tu s Od yn e , r us
    ’

    36
    C ha etoga ed ia Ob sc u r ic ol o r Cy cl o tho ra x , 27
    G o n io ry c tu s b r
    O s cu u m O o d ema s , 27
    S ie ro l a P e n ta r th r u m 27
    M o n tic ol a n s S co p u a , l Pl a ty d e m a 35
    Eu p ithec ia b r
    O sc u a s , A s tr im u s 27
    Lo ca s tra EO p en the s 35
    M on tiv a gu s Cy c l otho ra x , La b ro c eru s 35
    M on tr ou z ie r i C ry pto la em u s , M i r os te r n u s 31
    r
    M o i Lec a n i u m
    , P r oter h in u s 27
    r
    Mo i o C hel is o ches
    ,
    Rha b d o c n e m is 1 6, 49
    M u l tip u n c ta tu s Cy c l otho ra x , S p h en o p ho u s r 37 , 42
    M u n d u l u s An thic u s , b lt
    O s o e a , H y p en a . 26 ,
    C a r d ia s te thu s O b s o l e tu s , B r a c hy p e pl u s
    ‘

    31
    M u n d u s Hep to n c u s
    , O b tu sa ta P h il lo d r o m ia 40
    t
    ,

    M u r imu s Le p i d o u s
    ,
    ‘

    bt
    O u s u s Fo na , r x 35
    M u sc ic ol a An c ho m e n u s , O c ea n i ca h s o pa C ry 33
    t bl
    ,

    M u a i i s D y s co l u s , O c ea n ic u s A n c ho me n u s , 26
    t
    M u a n d a , O l igo ta Oc e a n icu m M ega la gr io n , 33
    M u tic u s M i r os te rn u s
    , Oc e ll a tu s na , A x 24
    O n tho p ha gu s S cy mn u s
    My s tic us An c ho me n u s
    , Oc e lle a E ro men e,

    Oc to o cella tu s , C a l po d es
    N O c u l a tu s P ro pa l tic us
    y r
    ,

    Na u ta ru m O d n e u s , l
    O ea c Le c a n i u m
    . - 9 40
    3 , . 44 .

    Nemo r iv a gu s Ny s ius , l
    O i n d a B rac hy p e p l u s
    ,

    Ne r ii A sp e d io tu s
    , Olin d a e O o d e m a s ,

    Ne w elli, Pla y ithm y s us Pa n d o m o r u s


    r
    Nig e s cen s M e c y n a , O m a l io id es , B r a c hy p ep l u s
    S co p u l a O mb r od e s X e ro sco pa ,
    Lis t of S pe cies 61

    Op a c u s Rhy n co l u s
    ,
    Pic in u s S e l en o p ho r u s
    ,

    Op u rc u le lla Ph ho i ma ea t r Pic tic o rn is , S o lin d en ia


    ‘

    l
    ,

    O r n a tip en n is An o m a l o c h ry s a P a n a , D ie s to ta 30
    l
    ,

    Os c ill a n s Na i s , b P a n u s , Pla ty n u s
    P r o te r hi n u s lb
    P e e i u s , A tta ge n u s
    ‘

    35
    O scu l a tu s , X y le tob i us Pl eb ej u s G o m p hoce r u s 24
    lx
    ,

    xy t r
    O p e a , H ed n o ta P e i p p u s , An os i a 36
    Po ey i, Gryll us 40
    P lt
    P o i a O l igo ta
    , 30
    Pa c hy s ema , X ero c o p a C l
    P o lyn e s ia l is , ha c i s
    Pa c ifi c a , A n is o la b is 40 Cr br a o
    A ma r 24 Li m i ner a 33 , 36
    Eu thy r ra p ha 3 2 , 40 S l r d rm
    c e o e a
    M y ll a e n a 34 P m
    o m M y til p i
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    P
    CO Y RI G H T 1 9 23 , BY

    BE RN CE
    I P . B I S HO P MU S EUM
    FOR

    WI LL I A M HYD E R CE
    I , LTD .
    PR E F AC E

    The co ll ec t i on o f Ha w a ii a n l eg en d s o f w h i c h a tr a n s l a t i o n is g i v en in
    th e f oll o w i n g p a ge s r e pr e s e n t s th e w o rk o f m a ny yea r s b y W ill i a m Hy d e
    R i c e O f K a ua i . Ho w e v e r i t i s o n l y w i th i n th e l a s t few y ea r s th a t M r
    , .

    R i c e ha s t r a n s l a t e d the l e g en d s fro m his H a w a ii a n m a n u s c r i pt s H e ha s .

    tr i ed to m a k e his v e r s i on a s li t e r a l a s p o s s ibl e pr e s e rv i n g a t the sa m e t i me


    ,

    the s p i r i t o f the o r i g i n a l H a w a i i a n its fl a v o r rh yth m a n d p hr a s i n g


    , ,
    He , .

    ha s a v o i d ed a d d i n g mo d e r n em b r o i d e r y o f f a n c y a s w e l l a s fig u r es o f ,

    s p e ec h f o r e i g n to the H a w a i i a n l a n g u a ge a n d to its m o d e o f th o u ght a n d

    e x pr ess io n .

    F o r the f u rth e r a n ce o f th i s a im M r R i c e h a s s p e n t m u c h o f the p a s t


    , .

    yea r in a c o mp l et e r e v i ew o f hi s tr a n sl a t i o n a d d i n g a n d r ej ec t i n g a n d in
    , ,

    e v e r y w a y a tt em pt i n g to a ppro x i m a te the s p i r i t a n d l e tt e r o f the H a w a ii a n .

    M r R i c e ha s b een e x c ept i o n a ll y w ell pr ep a r ed fo r th i s w o rk a s he ha s


    .
    ,

    b ee n fa m il i a r w i th the H a w a i i a n l a n g u a ge fr o m h is ea r l i es t c h il dh oo d In .

    f a c t u n t i l he w a s t w en t y he n e v e r th ought in En g li s h b ut a l w a ys in
    ,

    Ha w a ii a n tr a n s l a t i n g m e n t a ll y i n t o h is mo th e r t on g u e
    ,
    I n 1 8 7 0 w h e n he .

    be ca m e a m emb e r o f the Hou s e o f Repre sen t a t i v es d u r i n g the r ei g n o f ,

    K a m eh a m eh a V Go v e r n o r Pa u l K a n oa a n d S M K a m a k a n the h i s t o r i a n
    , . .
    , ,

    bo th w e ll k n o wn H a w a ii a n sc h ol a r s g a v e M r R i c e m u c h h el p w i th his
    -
    , .

    Ha w a i i a n es p ec i a ll y t ea c h i n g him the pr o p e r u s e o f v a r i ou s c omp l i ca t e d


    ,

    gra mm a t i ca l c o n s tr uc t io n s a n d ex p l a i n i n g o b s c u re v a r i a t i on s in p ro n u n c i a
    ,

    t i on a n d m ea n i n g .

    The s ou r c es O f the l eg e n d s in th i s co ll ec t i o n a r e v a r i ed A n u m be r o f .

    the s t o r i es M r R i ce r em e m b e r s h a v i n g h e a rd a s a c h il d a n d o th e r r a r e r
    .
    ,

    o n e s w e r e g a th e r e d in l a t e r y ea r s M an y a r e fr o m m o r e th a n o n e so u r ce
    .
    ,

    b u t h a v e c o rr es po n d e d e v e n in d e t a il s a n d a l m o s t w o rd for w o rd
    , The .

    l egen d o f K a m a p ua a fo r i n st a n c e is on e o f the fi r s t w h i c h M r R i ce
    , , .

    r emem be r s h ea r i n g W h en a b oy the p l a ce s m en t io n e d in th i s s t o ry w e r e
    .
    ,

    p o i n t ed out to h i m : the s p o t w h e r e the d em i god l a n d ed w h e re he fou n d -


    ,

    the h i d d en s pr i n g a n d w h e r e he r oo t e d u p the n a t i v es s u ga r c a n e a n d
    ’
    -
    ,

    s w ee t p o t a t o e s
    . The s t o ry o f The S m a l l W i s e B o y a n d the L i tt l e Fo o l
    he ha s a l s o b e en f a m il i a r w i th s i n c e c h il dho od The p l a c e s m en t i o n e d in
    .

    th i s t a l e ca n li k ew i s e b e p o i n t e d o ut .

    M o s t o f the l eg en d s a r e fr om K a ua i s o u r c es b u t a n u m be r h a v e b een ,

    ga th e re d fro m the o th e r i s l a n d s O f the gr ou p Wh en ev e r M r R i c e h ea rd . .

    o f a n o ld H a w a ii a n w ho k n e w a n
    y l e g e n d s he w e n t to h i m s o m e t i m es
    , ,

    go i n g to se v e ra l to t ra ce a s p ec i a l s t o ry a s fo r i n s t a nce the J on a h a n d
    , ,
    “

    the Wh a l e s t o ry M a k ua k a um a n a w h i c h a ft e r a l o n g s ea rc h he fi n a ll y
    ” “ ”
    , ,

    pr oc u re d fro m M r Wes t e rv el t T h i s c u r i o u s s to ry seem s to b e m o re


    . .

    m o d e r n th a n the o th e r s o f the co ll ec t i o n Wh il e h u n t i n g for a r e l i a bl e


    .
    4 Be r n i ce P . B is hop M us e u m —
    B ulle tin

    v e r s i on th i s sto ry M r R i ce i n c i d en t a ll y h ea rd the s t o ry o f Ma n u wa h i
    of , .

    a t H ee i a fr o m a n o ld Ha w a i i a n .

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    ”
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    “ “ ” “ ’

    , ,

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    ”
    and -
    , .

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    , .

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    a l so g a v e the l eg e n d s o f the Ra i n b o w P r i n c es s a n d the S hr i mp s Eye s ;


    “ “ ’ ”

    th e t i p l a n t s m e n t i on e d in th e l a tt e r l eg e n d c a n s t ill b e p o i n t e d ou t gro w i n g ,

    a t th e mo u th o f a l i tt l e v a ll ey n e a r Ho l ua m a n u The Ha w a i i a n m a n u .

    s c r i pt o i p a rt o f th e M en eh u n e s t o ry w a s o b t a i n e d fr o m J A Ak i n a w h il e . .
    ,

    the s to r y o f the Ra i n H e i a u w a s t o l d to h i m in 1 9 1 2 b y a m a n n a m e d
    “ ”

    Na ia la u w ho ha s s i n c e d i e d a t K a l a u p a p a
    ,
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    k a i a n d Pa a k a a a n d K u a p a a k a a w e r e t o l d M r R i c e b y a m a n fr o m
    ” “ ”
    - -
    .

    H a w a ii n a m e d Wi n w h il e th e Re v S K Ka u lili w ho is s t ill li v i n g a t
    , . . .
    ,

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    “ ”
    .

    D u r i n g M r G eo rge C a rt e r s t e rm a s G o v e r no r a r e ce pt io n w a s g i v en
    .
    ’

    in his h o n o r a t H a n a l e i w h e r e M r R i c e w a s m u c h i n t e r e s t e d in the v e ry
    , , .

    fi n e o li ( c h a n t i g ) o f a n old H a w a i i a n n a m e d Ka u lu l u a
    n F r om him he , .

    o b t a i n ed a n u m b e r o f l e g en d s i n c l u d i n g th a t o f Uluk a a a n d co rr es p o n d “ ”
    ,

    in g v e r s i o n s o f o th e r s a l r ea d y i n his co ll ec t i o n O th e r l eg en d s h a v e b een .

    l o s t fo r e v e r o n acco u n t o f ill t i m ed r i d i c u li n g b y s om e c h a n c e c om p a n i on
    -
    ,

    fo r M r R i c e ha s fo u n d th a t th e ol d p eo p l e w ho k no w the l egen d s a r e
    .

    v e ry s en s i t i v e a n d w h en th ey fi n d a n u sym p ath et i c a u d i to r r e f u s e to
    ,
    n ,

    c o n t i n u e th e i r s to r i e s .

    M r R i c e s th eo ry a s to the o r i g i n o f th e s e l e g en d s is b a s e d o n the
    .
    ’

    f a c t: th a t in the O ld d ays b e fo r e the d i sco v e ry o f the i s l a n d s b y C a pt a i n


    ,

    C o ok th e r e w e r e ba rd s a n d s t o ry t ell e r s e i th e r i t i n e r a n t o r a tt a c h e d to
    ,
    -
    ,

    the c ou rt s o f the c h i e f s s i m i l a r to the m i n s t r el s a n d t a l e t ell e r s o f m ed i e v a l


    ,
    —

    E u ro p e T h es e men fo r m e d a d i s t i n c t c l a s s a n d li v ed on l y a t the c ou rt s
    .
    ,

    o f the h i gh c h i e f s A cco rd i g l y th e i r s t o r i es w e r e h ea rd b y n on e e x c ept


    . n ,

    th ose p eo pl e a tt a c h e d to the se rv i c e o f the c h i e f s T h i s a cco u n t s for the .

    l o s s o f m a ny l e gen d s in l a t e r yea r s a s th ey w e r e n o t c omm on l y k n ow n


    , , .

    T h es e b a rd s o r s to r y t e ll e r s s o m et i m e s u s e d h i s t o r i ca l i n c i d en t s o r n a t u ra l
    -

    ph e n om e a fo r the fou n d at i on O f th e i r s t o r i es w h i c h w e re h a n d e d d o w n
    n ,

    fr o m g e n e r a t i o n to ge e r a t i o n O th e r l egen d s w e re s i mp l y f a b r i ca t io n s
    n .

    o f th e i m a g i n a t i o n w h i c h the gr ea t e s t t ell e r o f t a l es w a s a w a rd ed “ ”
    i ,
    n

    the h i gh e s t p l a c e in th e c h i e f s f a v o r A ll th es e e l emen t s fi c t i on co m bi n e d
    '

    .
    ,

    w i th f a c t a n d s h ro u d e d i
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    n , , ,

    b e m o r e o r l e s s b e l i e v e d a s t r ue .

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    , ,

    i g
    n
    ”
    li t e r a ll y o r m em o r i zi n g i n s t a n t l y a t the fi r st h ea r i n g O n e m a n
    , .
    H A W A I I AN L E G E N D S
    By WI LL I A M H YDE R I C E

    TH E G O DD ES S PELE

    Pe l e w a s the d a u ght e r of M o emo a n d H a u m ea b o th


    k n ow n n a m es , w e ll -
    in the o l d e s t H a w a i i a n l eg en d s Ma n y o th e r c h il dr en
    w e r e bo r n to th i s
    .

    c ou p l e s e v en ill u s tr i o u s so n s a n d s ix d i s t i n g u i s h e d d a u ght e r s
    ,
    The y o u n g .

    e s t s i s t e r o f Pe l e H iia k a ik a p o l i o Pe l e w a s b o r n i n to the w o r l d a s a n
    ,
    - - - -
    ,

    egg . Pe l e c o n c ea l e d th i s egg u n d e r he r a r m u t il the c h il d w a s h a t c h e d n ,

    a n d e v e r a ft e r w a rd s s ho w e d gr e a t a f f ec t i o n fo r he r .

    W h en Pe l e ha d gro w n to w o m a n hoo d s he b egge d he r p a r en t s c on se n t ,


    ’

    to t r a v e l T h i s w a s gra n t e d a n d w r a pp i n g H iia k a in he r pa u o r t a p a
    .
    ,
    -
    ,

    s k i rt , the a dv e n t u r o u s Pe l e s et fo rth .

    S he tr a v e l e d fir s t to the k i n gd o m o f he r b r o th e r K a m o hoa lii Ch a m p i o n , ,

    o f th e Ki n g W h en he i n q u i r e d w h e r e s he w a s go i n g P el e r e p l i e d I s h a ll
    .
    ,
    “

    fi rs t fi n d Po l a po l a F r o m th e re I s h a ll go to the l a n d o f Kau ihe la n i


    —
    .
    ,

    w h e r e K a n e h i d e s the i s l a n d s I s h a ll th en fi n d the fa r r ea c h i n g l a n d s the


    .
    -
    ,

    k i n gdo m o f Ka oa hi the Fi r e T hro w e r Nii h a u ,


    - —
    .

    To h e l p his S i s t e r i n th i s l o n g j o u r n e y Ka m o hoa lii g a v e h e r the c a n oe


    o f th e i r b ro th e r the Wh i r l w i n d P u a hiu h iu a d h i s p a dd l e r s th e Ti d e
    , ,
    -
    ,
    n , ,

    K ea u l a w e a n d the C u rr en t s K ea u k a
    , S t e pp i n g i n t o th i s c a n o e P e l e w a s
    ,
    -
    .

    s n a t c h e d a w a y a t o n c e b y the w i n d K a m o ho a l ii l o o k e d a ft e r he r a n d .

    c a ll e d G o yo u r w a y I s h a ll so on fo ll o w w i th yo u r r e l a t i o n s
    “ ”
    , . .

    I n a s h o rt t i m e Pe l e bo r n e b y the m a gic c a n o e r ea c h e d Niih a u


    , S he , .

    o rd e r e d the ca n oe to r e t u r n to he r b r o th e r a s s h e h o p e d the q ueen wo u l d

    g i v e her a n o th e r on e T h en c ro s s i n g the sa l t m a r s h es she c a m e a t ev e


    .
    , ,

    n i n g to the d w e lli n g o f the q u ee K ao a hi w ho s e g u a rd s c r i e d o u t th a t a


    n, ,

    b ea u t i f u l s tra n g e r w a s co m i g W h en P e l e w a s b ro u ght b e fo r e Ka o a hi he r
    n .

    b ea u t y a s t on i s h ed the q ueen w ho ha d n e v e r b e fo r e s een a w om a n w h o se


    ,

    ba c k w a s a s s tra i ght a s a pa li a n d w h os e b r ea s t s w e r e r ou n d e d l i k e the


    f

    m oon .

    Gr ea t a l o h a gr ew in the h ea rt o f the q ue en fo r her g ues t a n d b e fo re ,

    e a t i n g t o g e th e r th ey to o k the o a th o f fr i en d s h i p T h en th ey r et i r e d to the .

    bed s m a d e o f fi n e Nii h a u m a t s w h e r e th ey s l ept u n t i l the c oc k s c r o wed .

    Ea r l y in the m o r n i g the q u een s e t f o rth her m e s sen g e r s to s u mm o n


    n n

    the k on ohik i the o v e r s ee r s o f the l a n d w h o w e r e o rd e r e d to i s tr u c t a ll


    , ,
    n
    8 B er n ic e P . B is hop M us e um —
    B u lleti n

    the p eo p l e o f the i s l a n d to b r i n g pr es en t s for Kao a hi s gr ea t fr i en d Ea c h ’


    .

    p e r so n b r o u ght his g i ft to Pel e w i th o u t a w o rd o f com p l a i n i n g .

    Ev e r y d a y fo r te n d a ys Pe l e e n t e r e d i n t o the g a m es the h u l a d a n c i n g , ,

    the s u rf bo a r d r i d i n g a n d th e o th e r p l e a s u r e s o f the p eo p l e
    -
    , Ev e ryo n e .

    w a s ea g e r to t a l k w i th the b ea ut i f u l s t r a n g e r a n d Pe l e s a w a ll th a t w a s ,

    in th e i r m i n d s .

    O n e d a y the b ea u t i f u l g u e s t d i s a pp ea r e d The q u een th ou ght s he h a d .

    go n e to v i s i t o n e o f the c h i e fs No a moun t o f s ea rc h co u l d r ev ea l her h i d


    .

    in g p l a ce The k a hu n a w e r e ca ll e d t o g e th e r to d i v i n e w h e r e the w o m a n
    .

    ha d go n e At l a s t th ey s a i d to Ka oa hi O Q u een ! the Ni ght t e ll s u s th a t “


    .
    ,

    Pel e i s n o t a h u m a n b e i n g li k e yo u S he is a n a k u o S he h a s m a n y b o d i es
    ”
    . . .

    T h ese w o rd s a ro us e d gr ea t w o n d e r o n Nii h a u a s to ho w Pel e ha d c om e


    a n d w h e r e s he ha d g o n e .

    A ft e r he r s u dd en d i s a pp e a r a n c e Pe l e w e n t to Po i n t Pa pa a fro m w h e r e
    s he l o ok e d a c ro s s to K a u a i T a k i n g o n h er s p i r i t bo d y s he q u i c k l y p a s s ed
    .
    ,

    thro u gh Ma n a a n d the mo u n t a i n s b a c k o f Wa i m ea a n d c a me to H a en a .

    A s d a rk n e s s f e ll s he h ea rd the h u l a dr u m s b ea t i n g Fo ll ow i n g the .

    c a ll o f the m u s i c Pe l e c a m e to a r u d e e n c l o s u r e w h e r e th e p eo p l e w e r e

    ga th e r ed fo r s p o rt s I n the c ro w d she s a w a v e ry h a n d som e m a n Lo h i a n


    .
    , ,

    the k i n g o f K a ua i w h o m s he s u d d en l y r eso l v e d to s e e k fo r he r h u s b a n d
    , .

    The a s se m bl y w a s s t a rt l ed b y h ea r i n g a b ea u t i f u l v o i c e c h a n t i n g a mel e
    o f the h ill s a n d b y s e e i n g a t the d o o r a w om a n o f w o n d ro u s b e a u t y a d
    ,
    n

    c h a rm .

    Lo h i a n o rd e r e d the p eo p l e to s t a n d a s i d e s o th a t the s tr a n g e r c o u l d
    en t e r
    . The c h i e f s o f K a u a i c r ow d e d a r o u n d Pe l e w on d e r i n g w ho s he w a s , .

    Lo hia u w a s s u rpr i se d w h e n his u n k n o w n g u e s t a s k e d h i m to b ec o m e h e r


    h u s b a n d H e d i d n o t c o s en t u n t il he h ea rd th a t she w a s Pe l e the m o rt a l
    . n ,
    .

    T h e n Lohia u b a d e h is s e rv a n t s p rep a r e the t a bl es for a f ea s t a n d he ,

    i n v i t e d Pe l e to s it w i th h i m a n d p a rt a k e o f the foo d A ft e r the m ea l w a s .

    ea t en P e l e to l d Lo h i a n th a t s he co u l d n o t l i v e w i th him u n t il s he h a d f o u n d

    a s u i t a bl e h o m e fo r th em The k i n g o f K a u a i w a s r a th e r a s h a m e d to h a v e
    .

    his w i f e pr ep a r e the h o m e b u t he c o n s e n t ed , .

    K a le ia pa oa Lo hia u s b e s t a n d t r u e s t fr i en d w a s s u m mo ed to s ee Pel e
    ’

    , ,
    n .

    B u t b e fo r e he l oo k e d u p o n he r he h u rr i e d to the k i n g s s i s t e r the c e l e
    '

    b ra te d t a p a m a k e r o f K a l a l a n a n d a s k e d fo r a p a u S he ga v e h i m o n e
    ,
    -
    .

    s he ha d j u s t m a d e b y b e a t i n g w i th Ia a e the fr a gr a n t c a bb a g e f e r n u fro m
    , ,

    th e c li ff s o f H o o p u Pe l e w a s v e r y m u c h p l ea s e d w i th th i s p a u b eca u s e
    n .
    -

    i t wa s s o s w ee t s c e n t e d Wh en s he ha d fi n i s h e d a d m i r i n g i t s he sa i d to
    .
    ,

    Lo h i a n No w I s h a ll go to pr ep a r e o u r h ous e
    “ ”
    .
    ,

    At o n c e s he b ega n to d ig a c a v e b u t s tr i k i n g w a t e r s he l e ft i t S he
    ,
    .

    tr i e d a ga i n a n d mee t i n g w i th the s a m e resu l t s l e ft H a en a a n d c a me to


    , ,
    lO B er ni ce P . B is hop M u s eu m —
    B u lle ti n

    Pe l e b eg a n
    d i g At l a s t s uccess c ro w n e d he r e ff o rt s D i gg i n g d ay
    to . .

    a n d n i ght s h e ca m e to fi r e a d k n e w th a t th i s s p o t w ou l d b e s u i t a bl e fo r
    ,
    n

    the l on g s o u ght h o m e
    -
    S he d ec i d e d to m a k e a h o m e l a rg e e no u gh fo r a l l
    .

    her m a n y b ro th e r s a n d s i s t e r s .

    Aft e r the fi e ry p i t w a s d ug Pe l e c h a n ge d her egg l i k e s i s t e r H i i a k a


    ,
    —
    , ,

    i n to h u m a n fo rm a d the tw o li v e d h a pp il y in he r n e w h o m e
    n .

    O e d a y H iia k a w en t d o w n to the f o r e s t o f P a n a e w a n ea r H il o T h e r e
    n .

    s he s a w a g i r l s o s k ill e d in m a k i n g l e i s o f l e h ua bl os s o m s th a t s he l o n g e d

    to m a k e o f he r a p e r s o n a l fr i en d H iia k a l e a r n e d th a t her n a m e w a s .

    H o poe a n d s he s p o k e to her in th e s e w o rd s Now th a t w e a re fr i e n d s you


    , ,

    m us t go w h e r e v e r I go Wh e re v e r I s l eep you s h a ll s l eep We s h a ll n e v e r


    . .

    b e p a rt ed
    ”
    .

    Ho poe w a s v e ry h a pp y a n d a n s w e r e d I s p en d m y t i m e m a k i n g l e i s I , .

    h a v e p l a n t ed tw o gro v es o f tr ees on e w h i t e a n d on e r ed T h e se I g i v e , .

    ”
    to you .

    So Hi i a k a r et u r n e d to Kil a uea wi th he r fr i en d w ho p l ea s e d Pe l e v e ry
    mu c h b y t ea c h i n g he r
    m a k e l e i s o f l e h u a fl o w e r s S o on a l l P e l e s ’
    to .

    h o u s e ho l d wa s b u s il y s t r i n g i n g the fl o w e r s .

    A s P el e w o rk e d s he h e a rd the v o i c e o f he r b e l o v e d Lo hia u c a ll i n g
    he r fo r the w i n d ca rr i e d his s a d so g to he r c a r s
    , S o P e l e c a ll e d he rn .

    s i s t e r s to he r a n d a s k e d e a c h o n e to go to K a u a i to fi n d h e r h u s b a n d A ll .

    r e f u se d T h en P e l e co mm a n d e d H iia k a Go to K a ua i a n d b r i n g m y hu s
    .
    ,
    “

    b a n d to m e Do n o t d a re to k i s s him l es t s om e d i r e d i s a s t e r b e f a ll yo u
    .
    ,
    .

    B e go n e n o l o n ge r th a n f o rt y d a ys A ll a gr ee d th a t i t w a s w i s e fo r ”
    .

    H iia k a to go a s s he w a s the y o u n g e s t
    , .

    S tr e t c h i n g o u t her r i ght h a n d to he r s i s t e r Pe l e b es to w e d u po n he r ,

    a ll the s u p e r n a t u r a l p o w e r s s h e p o s s es s ed so th a t the j o u r n ey c ou l d b e ,

    a cco mp l i s h e d in s a f e t y .

    H iia k a pr e p a r e d fo r the j ou r n ey a n d a s s he w o rk e d sh e s a n g a i n c h:
    in w h i c h s he v o i ce d he r co mp l a i n t th a t s he s h ou l d go a l o n e to H a e n a fo r
    the h a n d s o m e Loh ia u P e l e h ea r d her a n d ch ee r e d he r b y s a y i n g th a t
    .

    s he w o u l d m eet so m eo n e w ho w o u l d go w i th h e r .

    S o w i th a sa d h ea rt H iia k a s et f o rth on he r s i s t e r s e rr a n d Loo k i g


    ’
    . n

    ba c k s he sa w her h o m e in the v o l c a n o w h e r e her b roth e r s a n d s i s t e r s w e r e


    s i tt i g li k e s t o n e i m a g e s S he c a ll ed to th e m to c a r e fo r he r b elo v ed gro v e
    n .

    o f l e h u a tr ee s .

    A s s he en t e r e d the fo r e s t a bo v e H il o sh e m et Wa h i n e o m a o the S t ea d -
    ,

    fa s t Wo m a n w ho w a s o n he r w a y to c a rry g i ft s o f p i g a n d s uga r c a n e
    -
    ,

    a s a s a c r i fi c e to P el e T h i n k i n g th a t Hiia k a w a s Pe l e Wa h i ne o m ao l a i d
    .
    ,
    —

    he r g i ft s b e fo r e he H iia k a s a w th a t the s tr a n g e r w a s m i s t a k e n a n d
    r .

    s po k e th e s e w o r d s to he r : S he i s s t ill in Kil a u ea C a rry


    “
    I a m n o t Pel e . .
    R ic e H a w a iia n L egen d s
    -
    11

    yo u r pr esen t s th e re Aft e r you h a v e r ea c h e d Kil a u ea d es cen d i n to Ha l e


    .

    m au m a u w h e r e yo u w ill s ee ma n y b ea u t i f u l w om en b e d ec k ed w i th l eh u a
    l ei s Sa c r i fi c e you r g i ft s to a n old w om a n l y i n g on a p illo w m a d e o f
    .

    w ili w i li w oo d a n d c o v e r e d w i th P u n a m a t s for s he is Pe l e
    ”
    .
    ,

    Wa h i ne om a o s t ill b e li e v i n g th a t Pel e s to o d b e fo r e h er rep li ed Do


    -
    , , ,

    no t d ea l f a l s e l y w i th m e No do u b t you a r e P e l e I s h a ll g i v e yo u m y
    . .

    g i ft s a n d so s pa r e mys e l f the l o n g j o u r n ey .
    ”

    Fi n a ll y H iia k a m a d e i t c l ea r th a t s he w a s n ot Pel e a n d the w om a n ,

    d ep a rt e d w i th he r g i ft s W i th the a id o f her s u p e r n a t u r a l po w er s H iia k a


    .

    p u t su c h s p e e d i n to her f ee t th a t s he tr a v e l e d a s fa s t a s the w h i r l w i n d a n d ,

    in n o t i m e c a m e to Ha l em a u m a u a n d g a v e h e r g i ft s to the o l d w om a n At .

    o n c e o ld a ge l e ft Pe l e a n d s he b ec a m e the mo s t b e a u t i f u l o f a l l in th e p i t .

    T h en Pel e a s k e d the s tr a n ge r D i d yo u m eet a w om a n a s you c a m e ?


    ,
    “

    G O b a c k a n d me e t her a ga i n B ec om e fr i en d l y w i th her a n d tra v e l w i th


    .

    he r .

    Wa h i n e -
    o m ao d id a s s he was tol d an d so o n o v e rto o k Hi i ak a w h o m s he

    t o l d w ha t Pel e ha d co mm a n d ed Loo k i n g b a c k the l o n el y H iiak a s a w the


    .

    s m o k e r i s i n g fro m the h o m e o f P e l e S he s a w he r s i s t e r s a n d fr i e n d g o i n g
    .

    to the s ea . S he s a w her b e l o v e d gr o v e o f l e h u a tr ee s b e i n g d es tr o ye d b y
    a l a v a flo w B i tt e rn es s fi ll ed he r h ea rt a n d she w e pt o v e r he r fa t e
    . .

    Wa h i n e o m ao w ho co u l d n o t s ee w h a t her com p a n i on s a w u p b r a i d ed
    —
    , ,

    her w i th th ese w o rd s H o w do you k o w th e s e th i n g s ? W e a r e in the


    “
    ,
    n

    fo rest a n d c a n n o t see b eyo n d its l i m i t s C o m p l a i n n o m o re fo r yo u .


    ,

    w ea r y m e
    ”
    .

    So in s il en c e th ey w a l k e d o n u n t il th ey ca m e to H il o w h e r e the k i n g
    w a s h a v i n g ga m es I n the m i d s t o f the p eo p l e tw o b e au t i f u l w o m en
    .

    d eco r a t e d w i th l ei s o f sea f oa m w e r e s i n g i n g A s the eye s o f the k i n g f ell .

    u p o n H i ia k a a n d h e r c o m p a n i o n he w a s s t a rt l e d to s e e h o w fa r th e i r
    ,

    b ea u t y s u rp a s se d the b ea u t y o f the s i g e r s n .

    Wh en Hiia k a sa w the b ea ut i f u l w om en s he s a i d T h e se a re n o t ,

    w o m en . T h ey a r e a k n a .

    The k i n g r ep li e d A k u a w o u l d n o t c o m e a t m i d d a y a n d ea t a n d dr i n k
    “
    ,

    w i th us . Th es e w o m en r e f u s e d to s i n g u n t il w e ha d g i v en th em pr esen t s .

    H iia k a s t ill co n t e n d e d th a t th ey w e r e not w h a t th ey a pp ea r e d to b e a d n

    a s k e d the k i n g A ll o w m e to try th em I f I l oo k a t th em a n d th ey d e p a rt
    “
    .
    , ,

    yo u w ill k n o w th a t th e y a re a k u d I f th ey s t a y yo u w il l k n o w th a t th ey
    .

    a r e h um a n
    ”
    .

    To th i s r e q u es t the k i n g r e p li e d Wh a t w a g e r w ill you p l a c e th a t th ey


    ,

    a r e n ot h u m a n ?
    ”

    H iia k a a n s w e r e d M y co m p a n io n a n d I h a v e n o pro p e rt y bu t w e w ill


    , ,

    w a g e r ou r b o d i e s
    ”
    .
    12 B e rn ice P . B is hop M us e u m — B u lle tin

    Wh e re u p o n a r d c a ll e d , It is no t goo d to w a ge r o n e s
    ma n in the c o w
    ’

    b od y Let m e b a c k yo u r w a ge r w i th my p rop e rt y
    . .
    ”

    To the k i n g s q u e s t i o n a s to w h a t h is pr o p e rt y co n s i s t e d o f he r e p li e d
    ’

    th a t he o w n e d a c a n oe a fi s h i n g et a p a t c h o f s u g a r ca n e s ev e r a l t a ro
    ,
    n , ,

    p a t c h es a n d a p i g Aga i n s t a ll th e se th i n g s the k i n g w a ger ed tw o s t o r e


    .

    ho u s es fi ll ed w i th foo d a n d t a p a a n d the l a n d o n w h i c h th ese b u il d i n g s


    s to o d .

    A s s o o n a s th e s e w a g e r s ha d b ee n p l a c e d H iia k a a ppro a c h e d the w o me n ,


    .

    Wh en th ey s a w he r on e s a i d S he is o u r lo r d
    , W h e r eu p on th ey r a
    , .
    ”
    n .

    H iia k a fo ll o w e d a n d pu t th e m bo th to d e a th a s he r s u p e r n a t u r a l p ow e r s
    w e r e gr ea t e r th a n th e i r s .

    A s s he r et u r n e d to the k i n g the c r o w d c h ee r e d he r fo r he r b ea u t y a n d
    b r a v e ry The k i n g p a i d his w a g e r a n d H iia k a g a v e i t to the m a n w ho ha d
    .

    h e l p e d her C a lli n g Wa h i n e o m a o H iia k a h u rr i ed o n to the r i v e r W a i


    .
    -
    ,

    l u k u w h e re th ey s a w a m a n f e rry i g fr e i ght He a gree d to t a k e th em


    ,
    n .

    a c r o s s the r i v e r a n d s o the fr i en d s l e ft H il o a n d en t e r e d the f o r es t


    , w h er e ,

    th e i r p a th w a s b eset b y a k a try i g to d e l a y th em Hiiak a k ill e d a ll w ho


    u n .

    bl oc k e d th e i r w a y a n d c a m e a t l a s t to the p l a i n s o f Ma k i k i .

    B y th i s t i m e the f o rt y d a y s a ll o tt e d fo r m a k i n g the j o u r n ey to K a u a i
    ha d e x p i r ed b u t H u a k a d ec i d e d to go o n a n y w a y
    , Mo re t r ou bl e s b e fe ll .

    th e m A c e rt a i n k i n g M a k a u k iu t r i e d to bl oc k th e i r w a y b y c a u s i n g
    .
    ,
    ’

    h uge w a v es to b rea k o v e r the c li ff s s o th a t th ey c ou l d n ot s w i m a roun d


    th e p o i n t H iia k a pr a ye d a n d the s e a b ec a m e c a l m
    . .

    So th ey t r a v e l e d o n A bi rd flew o v e r th em c a rry i n g a s pr ay o f b e
    .

    g on i a in its bi ll Hiia k a s a g a m ete in w h i c h s he e x pre s se d a w i s h for


    . n

    a sa f e j o u r n ey o n the e rr a n d o f her p o w e rf u l s i s t e r Pe l e .

    Fi n a ll y th ey c a m e u po n s om e men l oa d i n g a c a n oe w i th g i ft s w h i c h
    th ey s a i d w e r e to b e t a k en to O lepa u the k i n g o f M a u i Th e wo men , .

    a s k e d to b e t a k e n in the c a n o e The m e n co n s en t e d a n d the n e xt m o r n i n g


    .

    th ey r ea c h ed K a h ik in u i on Ma u i .

    A s s oo n a s the ca n oe gr a t e d o n the b ea c h the tw o y o u n g w o m en s pr a n g ,

    a s h o r e a n d c a ll e d to th e c a o e m en th a t th ey w e r e go i n g to s ea r c h fo r a
    n -

    b a th I n f a c t th ey h u rr i e d o n to K ea l a w h e r e th e p l a i n s ha d b een b u r n ed
    .

    of f. T h e r e the n a t i v es w e r e c a t c h i n g p lo v e r w i th b a i t ed s t i c k s H iia k a .

    s t a rt l e d th e m w i th th es e w o rd s I a m s o rr y fo r the k i n g o f Ma u i He i s
    “
    .
    .

    d ea d .Y o u a r e s e gr o s sed in c a t c h i n g p l o v e r a n d gr a s s h o pp e r s th a t y ou
    o n

    h a v e o t i m e fo r yo u r k i n g
    n .

    The p eo p l e c o u l d n o t b eli e v e th e s e w o r d s b u t n e v e rth e l e s s th ey r e , ,

    t u r n e d ho me a n d fo u n d th a t th ey w e r e i n d eed tr ue T h e i r k i g w a s d ea d . n .

    T h ey h u rr i e d to the cel eb ra t e d proph e t a n d t o l d him th a t two yo u n g


    w o m e n ha d m a d e k n o w n to th e m th e k i n g s d ea th Wh en he ha d h ea rd ’
    .
    14 B e r n i ce P . B is hop M u s eu m — B u lle tin

    be i n g s —
    a kua . d ec e i v e d th em b y s en d i n g Wa h i n e o m ao a h ea d a s
    Hu a k a -

    s he w a s m o r e h u m a n a n d he r f eet t o r e the l e a v e s The m esse n ge r s r e t u r n ed .

    a n d r e po rt ed th a t the s t r a n g e r s w e r e h u m a n b e i n g s .

    Ne x t th ey c a m e u po n a K n pua s w o ll e n to t w i c e his n a t u r a l s i z e b ut he ,

    w a s u n a bl e to s t o p th em .

    Ne a r K ea li a th ey c a m e u p o n a m a n coo k i n g h is l ua u o r yo u n g t a r o
    l ea v es to ea t w i th his po i H iia k a b y her m a g i c po w e r coo k ed the l a u
    . u

    in a fe w m i n u t es .

    Loo k i n g i n t o the m a n s h ou s e H iia k a s a w a v e r y s i c k w o m a n w h o m a ll


    ’

    th e k a h u n a ha d b ee n u n a bl e to h e l p H iia k a u tt e r e d a pr a ye r a n d a t o nc e
    .

    h ea l th w a s g i v en b a c k to the w om a n .

    H a v i n g d on e th i s a c t o f k i n d n e s s H u a k a w en t o n h e r w a y to H a n a l e i
    ,
    .

    At the v a ll ey o f K ia ia k ua the a k u a w e r e l yi n g in w a i t to s to p th e m A s .

    o n e t r i e d to bl o c k th e i r w a y H iia k a g a v e him a bl o w l i k e a s tr ok e o f
    ,

    li ght n i n g a n d he fe ll b a c k s t u n ned .

    At the m o u th o f the H a n a l e i R i v er th ey a ga i n m et r es i s t a n ce fro m a n


    a n gr y a k u a w ho w a s s tr uc k to e a rth a s the oth e r s ha d b e en
    ,
    .

    Co m i n g to Kea la hu la th ey sa w Ho ohila c om b i n g her h a i r S he too .


    , ,

    t r i e d to d e l ay th e i r j o u r n ey b y m a k i n g the s ea b r ea k o v e r the c li ff .

    Wa h i n e om a o th r ew s a n d i n t o the eyes o f the a k a a n d th i s d i ffi c u l t y


    -
    n ,

    w a s o v e rc o m e .

    Nea r Wa i n i h a th ey w e r e tr ea t e d m o r e k i n dl y The gr ea t fi s h e r ma n .

    o f the p l a c e k i ll e d h is f a v o r i t e d o g fo r th e m a n d th en g a v e g a m es in th e i r

    h o no r .

    S o the t r a v e l e r s w e r e n ea r i n g th e i r j o u r n e y s en d A s th ey c a m e to
    ’

    the w e t ca v es d u g by P e l e in h er e ff o rt s to fi n d a s u i t a bl e h o m
    .

    e fo r h e r s e l f

    a n d L oh i a n K ilio e the s i s t e r o f Lo hia u sa w th e m cov e r e d w i th l e h u a


    , , , ,

    l e i s a n d k n e w th a t th ey h a d co m e fo r he r b r oth e r K ilioe w a s the gr e a t


    , .

    h u l a d a n c e r a n d t ea c h e r No on e c o u l d h u l a in p u bl i c on K a u a i u n l es s
    .

    a ppr ov e d b y he r a n d g i v e n th e n ik e the S i g n w h i c h s e rv e d in p l a c e o f a
    a ,

    d i p lo ma .

    B u t a l a s the b el o v e d Lo h i a n w a s d e a d a n d in a i n el e K il io e m a d e
    , ,

    k no w n th i s s a d f a c t to H iia k a H iia k a w a s n o t d i sco u r a ged fo r m a g i c


    .
    ,

    p o w e r w a s in he r h a n d s a n d s he s et a bo u t o v e rc o m i n g th i s d iffi c u l t y ,

    a pp a r en t l y the gr ea t es t o f a l l .

    A s l u c k w o u l d h a v e i t s he s a w the s p i r i t o f Lo h i a n fl y i n g o v e r o n e
    ,

    o f the p o i n t s ea r by H e w a s b e c k o i g to he r
    n . Hiia k a g a v e to Wa h i n e
    n n .

    o m a o s w i ft n e s s o f fl i ght a n d t o g e th e r th ey c h a s e d the e l us i v e s p i r i t o v e r

    m a n y a st e ep pa li Wh en th ey c a m e to the l a d d e r o f Nu a l o lo the w ea ry
    .
    ,

    \Va h i n e o m a o c r i e d I n d e e d yo u m u s t l o v e th i s Lo h i a n gr ea tl y
    “
    -
    .
    ,
    R ic e H a w ai ia n L egen d 15
    “

    At l a s t H iia k a ca u ght the s pi rit in a fl ow er and h u rr i e d b ac k to the

    pa li a b o v e the w et v es w h e r e the b o dy o f Lo h i a n ha d b een l a i d T h en


    ca .

    s he b eg a n he r t a s k o f p u tt i n g the s p i r i t b a c k i n t o the b od y .

    Ka le ia p ao a w a s fi s h i n g a n d gr i e v i n g o v e r the d ea th o f his tr ues t fr i en d .

    Loo k i n g t o w a rd s the m o u n t a i n s he w a s s t a rt l e d to see a fi r e At fir s t he .

    th o u ght i t w a s o l y the s p i r i t b od y o f Loh i a n b u t a s i t c on t i n ue d to b u r n


    n ,

    he th ou ght th a t s om eo n e m u s t b e a tt em pt i n g to s t ea l the bo d y o f hi s
    c h i ef . Q u i c k l y c om i n g a s h o r e he s il en t l y c l i m b e d u p the pa li a n d w a s
    grea t l y s u rp r i sed to see two b ea u t i f u l w o m en try i n g to p u t the s p i r i t b ac k
    i n to Lo hia u s b o d y T h i s s i ght fi ll ed him w i th g l a d n e s s a n d h e r et u rn ed
    ’
    .

    to his h o m e w h e r e h e t o l d his w i f e w h a t w a s b e i n g d o n e b y the s tr a n ge r s


    ,
    .

    I n the m ea n t i m e H iia k a w a s p a t i e n t l y a cc o m p l i s h i g he r t a s k Sh e n .

    p u t the s p i r i t b a c k i n t o the b o d y th r ou gh a n i n c i s i on in the gr ea t toe b ut ,

    s he fo u n d i t v e r y d ifli c u lt to get the s p i r i t p a s t th e a n k l e s a d the k n e e n

    j o i n t s Ho w e v e r a ft e r s he ha d w o rk ed fo r e i ght d a y s Lo h i a n w a s res t o r e d
    .
    ,

    to li fe H iia k a c a rr i e d him to his h o m e a n d b a th e d him in the se a o n fi e


    . v

    s uc c es s i v e n i ght s a s w a s the c u s t om
    , At the en d o f th a t t i me he w a s .

    p u r i fi ed s o th a t he c o u l d a ga i n m i n g l e w i th his fr i en d s
    , .

    T h en for the fi r s t t i me in m a n y d a ys H iia k a a d Wa h i n e o ma o s l ept n -

    v e ry so u n d l y Lo hia u s s i s t e r p a s se d b y the h ou se a d seei n g the d oo r


    .
    ’
    n ,

    o p en e n t e r e d
    , S he w a s s u rp r i s e d to see he r b ro th e r s l eep i n g so u n d l y
    . S he .

    b ea t the dru m a n d m a d e k n ow n to a ll the p eo p l e th a t Lo h i a n th e i r c h i e f , ,

    wa s a l i v e a g a i n M a n y c a m e b r i n g i n g g i ft s w i th gr a t e f u l h ea rt s
    .
    , .

    H iia k a w a s v e r y a n x i o u s to s t a rt fo r Ha w a ii a s the f o rt y d a y s a ll o tt e d ,

    he r ha d l o n g s i n c e e x p i r e d a n d s he f ea r e d th a t Pe l e w o u l d b e a n gry .

    At K ea li a the c h i e f en t e rt a i n e d the three g uest s w i th s p o rt s in w h i c h


    Lo h i a n w a s v e r y s k ill f u l Rea c h i n g K a p a a th ey m et th e k i n g w ho ga v e
    .
    , ,

    th em a c a no e to c a rry th em to O a h u .

    Aft e r a s h o rt s t a y on th i s i s l a n d w h e r e th e re w a s m u c h d a n c i n g a d
    '
    , n

    roya l fea s t i n g the tra v eler s left fo r Ha w a ii A s th ey w ere p a ss i n g M o l ok a i


    , .
    ,

    H iia k a s a w a c h i e f e s s s t a n d i g n e a r the s h o r e a n d a s k e d h e r to g i v e th em
    n

    The c h i e f es s r ep l i e d I h a v e n o fi s h fo r yo u pr o u d s l a v e T h es e
    “ ”
    fi sh.
    , ,
    .

    w o rd s so a n g e r e d H iia k a th a t s he s w a m a s h o r e a n d k ill e d h e r .

    Aft e r th i s a dv e t u re th ey w en t on q u i et l y u n t il th ey r ea c h e d Ha w a ii
    n ,

    w h e r e th ey l an d e d a t Pu n a a d th e n h a s t en e d o n t o w a rd s the h om e o f
    n

    Pe l e a n d to a r e l en t l es s fa t e .

    Wh en th ey ca m e to the b r i k o f the v o l c a n o Hn a k a sen t Wa hin e om a o


    n ,
    ~

    a h ea d to gr ee t Pe l e w h il e s he a n d Lo h i a n s t a ye d b e h i n d T h e re in f u ll .

    v i ew o f Pe l e a n d her oth e r S i s t e r s H iia k a su dd en l y o v e rco m e w i th e m ot i o n


    , ,

    fo r the m a n s he ha d gr o w n to l ov e th r ew h e r a r m s a r ou n d h i m a n d ,

    k i ssed him .
    16 Be r n ice P . B is hop M us e u m — B ulletin
    Pe l e ge r k n e w n o b oun d s S he c r i e d Why d id s he n ot k i s s Lo h i a n
    ’
    s an .
    ,

    w h il e th ey w e r e o n K a ua i ? S he d o e s i t b e fo r e m y eyes to l a u gh a t me
    ”
    .

    Seek i n g r e v en g e Pe l e s e n t he r s i s t e r s to d e s tro y he r l o v e r b y m e a n s
    ,

    o f a l a v a flo w T h ey p ut o n th e i r fi r e rob e a n d w en t fo rt h r a th e r u n w ill
    . s -

    in gly . Wh e n th ey c a me n ea r a n d s a w ho w h a n d s om e Lo h i a n w a s p i t y ,

    t oo k h o l d o f th em a n d th ey c a s t o n l y a fe w c i n d e r s a t h is f ee t a n d r et u r n e d
    to Pel e in fea r H iia k a k n e w th a t the f a lli n g c i n d e r s w o u l d b e fo llo w e d
    .

    b y fi r e a d so s he t o l d Lo hia u to pr a y
    n .

    Wh en Pe l e s a w her p eo p l e ret u r n i n g fro m th e i r u n a c co mp li s h ed e rr an d


    s he s en t th e m b a c k c o m m a n d i n g th em to p u t a s i d e th e i r p i ty fo r the h a n d
    ,

    so m e man So the fi v e b u r s t f o rth a g a i n a n d gr a d u a l l y su rr ou n d e d


    .

    Lo h i a n . At l a s t the ro c k y l a v a c o v e re d his bo d y .

    Wh en Hiia k a s a w w h a t he r s i s t e r ha d d o n e s he w a s so a n gry th a t ,

    s he d u g a t u n n e l fr o m the v o l c a n o to the s e a thr ou gh w h i c h s he po u r e d ,

    the fi r e l ea v i n g o n l y a l i tt l e in the c r a t e r
    ,
    T h i s s m a l l a m o un t w a s k ept.

    b y on e o f he r b r o th e r s u n d e r his a rm .

    S ee i n g w h a t Hiia k a w a s d o i n g Pel e b ec a me a l a r m e d a n d s en t Wa h i n e
    ,

    o ma o to b eg h er to s p a r e her s i s t e r s H iia k a d id n ot h ee d h e r fr i en d
    .

    a n d Pe l e c r i e d T h i s is a p u n i s h m en t sen t u p o n m e b ec a u s e I d i d n o t
    “
    ,

    c a r e for H iia k a s fr i en d a n d I a ll o w e d he r l e h u a tr ee s to b e b u r n ed
    ’
    , .

    Wa h i n e om a o a g a i n en tr ea t ed H iiak a to s p a re Pe l e r ec a lli n g to her


    -
    ,

    m i n d the m a n y d a y s o f tr a v e l th e y ha d s p e n t t og e th e r At l a s t H iia k a .

    pro m i sed to s pa re Pe l e b u t r e f u se d to s ee her a ga i n .

    A s so o n a s p os s ibl e s he r e t u r n e d to K a u a i a n d t o l d the f a i th f u l Ka le ia
    p a oa w h a t P el e ha d do n e T h i s t r ue fr i en d o f Lohia u m a d e a s ol em n v ow
    .

    to p u ll ou t the e yel a s h e s o f Pe l e a n d to fi ll her m ou th w i th d i rt .

    Le d b y the m a g i c p o w e r o f H iia k a Ka le ia p ao a so o n r ea c h ed the o u t e r


    ,

    b r i n k o f the c r a t e r a n d b e g a n to a tt a c k P e l e w i th v il e n a m es Pel e a s w e re d . n

    b y u rgi n g h i m to c o m e d o w n a n d c a rr y o u t his o a th Att e mpt i n g m a n y .

    t i m es to d esc en d a n d p u n i s h Pe l e he w a s a l w a ys fo rc e d b a c k At l a s t
    , .

    Pe l e a ll o w e d him to c o m e b e fo r e her b u t he n o l o n g er w i s h ed to c a rr y
    ,

    o u t h is th r ea t Pel e h a d c on q u e r ed h i m b y her b ea u t y a n d c h a rm
    . Aft e r .

    he ha d r e m a i n e d in the c r a t e r f o u r d a y s he w a s p e r sua d e d to r e t u r n to ,

    K a ua i w i th H iia k a a s his w i fe .

    Two b r o th e r s o f Pe l e w ho ha d c o m e fro m fo r e i gn l a n d s s a w Lo hiau s


    ’

    b od y l y i n g a s a s t o n e w h e r e the l a v a flo w h a d o v e rt a k en h i m Pi t y w ell e d .

    u p i n th e i r h ea rt s a n d th ey b r o ught Lo h ia u to l i fe a g a i n O n e o f th es e .

    b ro th e r s m a d e h is o w n bo d y i n to a c a n oe a n d c a rr i e d the u n fo rt u n a t e
    Lo hia u to K a ua i w h e r e he w a s p u t a s h o r e a t Ah u k in i
    , .

    Co m i n g to H a n a ma u l u Lo h ia u fou n d a l l the h ou ses b u t o n e c l o se d I n


    , .

    th a t o e w e r e two o ld m en o n e o f w h o m r eco g n i z ed h i m a n d a s k e d h i m to
    n ,
    18 B er nic e P . B is hop M u s e um — B ulletin

    T H E R A I NB O W P RI NC E S S

    A L EGEN D OF K AU A I
    A fa m il y o f H a w a ii a n s w e r e mo v i n g i n t o the v a ll ey o f Nu a lo l o on ,

    the Na p a l i co a s t To r ea c h th i s v a ll ey i t w a s n ec e s s a r y to c li m b u p a
    .

    s w i n g i g l a dd e r
    n w h i c h h u n g o v e r the c l i ff
    ,
    O n e m a n w a s c a rry i n g a.

    b a by g i r l a n d a s he s w u n g on to the s w a y i n g l a d d e r he dro pp ed the c h il d


    ,
    .

    The p a r e n t s in a go n y w a t c h e d th e i r b a b y f a lli n g b u t w e r e o v e r j o yed to


    , ,

    s ee the a k ua o f the r a i n b o w c a t c h h e r u p b e f o r e s h e s tr u c k th e w a t e r ,

    a n d c a rr y h e r on the r a i n bo w o v e r the m o u n t a i n s d o w n to W a i m ea v a ll ey .

    I n th i s v a ll ey th ey p l a c e d he r in a s m a l l c a v e b e n ea th a w a t e rf a ll
    ,
    T h ere .

    s he l i v e d w a t c h e d o v e r b y the a k n a w ho a l w a y s s en t the r a i n b o w to
    , ,

    c a r e fo r h e r T h e re s he gr e w a t l en gth i n t o b e a u t i f u l w o m a h o o d a n d
    .
    , ,
    n ,

    e v e ry d a y s he s a t in th e s u s h i n e o n th e r o c k s a bo v e the c a v e w i th a r a i n
    n

    b o w a b o v e he r h ea d .

    T h e n it h a pp e e d th a t a pr i n c e fro m Wa i m ea f ell d eep l y in l o v e w i th


    n

    the b ea u t i f u l R a i b o w pr i n c es s a s s he w a s c a l l e d
    n He w o u l d h a s t en to
    , .

    the ro c k s a b o v e th e w a t e rf a ll a d try to w o o h e r B u t h is e ff o rt s w e r e a ll
    n .

    in v a i n fo r w i th a m e rry l a u gh s he w o u l d d i v e i n t o the w a t e r a n d c a ll
    ,

    to him Wh en you c a n c a ll m e b y n a m e I w ill c om e to yo u


    ,
    “
    , .
    ”

    At l a s t gro w i g s i c k w i th l o n g i n g for the p r i n c es s he j o u r n eyed to


    ,
    n ,

    M a u i a n d H a w a i i to c o s u l t the k a h a in r ega rd to the g i r l s n a m e


    n un
    ’
    .

    A l a s n on e co u l d h el p him !
    ,

    I n d es p a i r he r e t u r n e d to W a i m ea a n d c a ll e d o n hi s o l d gr a n d mo th e r
    wh o i n q u i r e d the r e a so n fo r h is gr e a t s a d n e s s The pr i n c e r e p li ed I lo v e
    “
    .
    ,

    th e R a i n b o w P r i n c e s w ho li v e s i n the w a t e rf a ll
    s S he o n l y l a u gh s a t m e .

    a n d t e ll s m e th a t w h e n I c a n ca ll h e r b y n a m e s h e w ill b e m y w i f e I h ave .

    c o n u l t e d a l l the k a h u na a n d n o n e c a n t e l l m e h e r n a m e
    s .

    W i th th e s e w o r d s the gr a n d mo th e r c h e e r e d the h ea rt o f the so rr o w i n g


    pr i n ce I f yo u ha d co me to me I co u l d h a v e to l d yo u he r n a m e G O to
    , .

    the w a t e rf a ll Wh en the pr i n c e s s l a u gh s a t you c a l l he r U a w h i c h m ea n s


    .
    ,
    -
    ,

    ra i n .
    ”

    The pr i n c e h a s t e ed to the w a t e rf a ll a n d wh e n he c a ll e d
    n U a the -

    b ea u t i f u l m a i d e w en t to him T h ey w ere m a rr i e d a d li v ed t og eth e r


    n . n

    m a y h a pp y yea r s
    n .
    Ric e— H a w a iia n L egen d s 19

    ULUK AA THE RO LLI NG I S LA ND


    ,

    Ka e w ea oho , th e k i n g o f Wa i p i o Ha w a i i w a s gr ea t l y b elo v e d b y his


    , ,

    p eop l e b eca u se he g i v e th em a b en efi c en t go v e r m e n t Aft e r he ha d re i gn e d a n .

    s h o rt t i m e h e c h o s e two m e n fr o m his p eo p l e a s h is p e r s o n a l fi s h e rm en .

    Fi s h i n g w a s o n e o f his f a v o r i t e s p o rt s He o ft en a s k e d his fi s h e rm en to
    .

    a ll o w him to go fi s h i n g w i th th em b u t th ey a l w a ys r e f use d to t a k e h im
    ,

    b ec a u se th ey fea re d som e a c c i d en t m i ght b e f a ll th em a t s ea a n d th e i r k i n g ,

    w o u l d b e in d a n g e r .

    The k i n g sh o w e d s u c h f a vo r i t i s m to his fi s h e r m e th a t his h ea d s t ew a rd n

    beca m e v e ry j ea lo u s a n d in hi s h ea rt p l ott e d i j u ry to th em O n e d a y n .

    w h en the m e n w e r e a w ay fi s h i g th e h e a d s t ew a rd l e ft n o f oo d a t th e i r
    n

    ho m es Wh en the fi s h e rm en r et u r n e d fr o m the k i g s fi s h i n g w i th b a sk et s
    . n
    ’

    f u ll o f fi s h th ey fo u n d no foo d a t th e i r h o me s B ei n g v e ry h u n gry th ey .

    k e pt a few o f the s ma ll e r fi s h fro m the k i n g s b a s k e t ’


    .

    The n e x t m o rn i n g th ey w en t fi s h i n g a s u s u a l T h ey r et u r n e d a t n i ght .

    a n d a ga i n fo un d n o f oo d a t th e i r h o m e s T h i s t i m e th ey b eli e v ed th a t
    .

    the k i n g ha d g i v en h is o r d e r th a t n o f o o d b e l e ft fo r th em T h ey c o u l d .

    n o t u n d e r s t a n d the k i g s n eg l ec t fo r th ey ha d a l w a ys se rv e d him f a i th
    ’
    n ,

    f u ll y a n d ha d b r o u ght to h i m th e i r en t i r e c a t c h o f fi sh A n ge r a ga i n s t .

    th e i r l o rd gr ew in th e i r h ea rt s a n d th ey d ec i d e d to get r e v en ge in th i s
    m a n n e r : The n ex t t i m e the k i n g a s k e d to go fi s h i n g w i th th em th ey w ou l d ,

    t a k e him a n d w ou l d l ea v e h i m in the d eep sea T h ey pr ep a r ed th ei r c a n oe . .

    Th ey p l ac ed in i t fo u r p a dd l e s a n d tw o g ou rd b a il e r s Un d e r th e i r fi s h i n g .

    t a c k l e th ey c on cea l e d tw o p a d d l es a n d o n e go u rd .

    Ea r l y the n e x t m o r n i n g the yo u n g k i n g Ka ew ea o ho c a m e to his , ,

    fi s h e r men a n d b e gge d th em to t a k e h im w i th th em a s the s ea w a s v e ry


    s mo o th T h ey a n s w e r e d Y e s O Ki n g to d a y yo u s h a ll go w i th u s fo r the
    “
    .
    , , ,

    s ea is s m oo th a n d w e h a v e to o O ft en r e f u s e d you r r e q ues t
    ”
    .

    T h ey go t i n t o the c a n o e a n d p a dd l ed o u t u t i l the s ea h i d the l a n d n .

    The k i n g o ft e n a s k e d Wh e re a r e you r fi s hi g gr o u n d s ?
    ,
    “
    n
    ”

    To th i s q u e s t i o n the fi sh er m en r e p l i e d S ee the w h i t e c a p s yo n d e r
    ,
    “
    .

    T h e r e w e s h a ll fi n d the b es t fi s h i n g Wh e r e the sea dr i k s in the po i n t


    . n

    o f Ha na k a k i , th e re l i es H in a s ca n oe T h e r e w e s h a ll dr o p an c h o r
    ’
    . .
    ”

    The k i n g th o u ght th a t fi s h w e r e to b e f o u n d nea r e r l a n d b u t th e y ,

    t o l d h im th a t o n l y po opa a the ea s i est fi s h to ca t c h w e re in the sh a ll o w


    , ,

    w a te r. I n the d ee p sea a l l the b es t fi s h li v e d .

    Wh en l a n d c ou l d n o l on ge r b e s een the tw o fi s h e rm en b eg a n to c a rr y
    ,

    o u t th e i r c r ue l p l a n. O n e m a n d r o pp e d his p a d d l e s a y i n g th a t a w a v e ha d ,

    k n oc k e d i t fr o m h is h a n d T h en the go u rd a n d the o th e r p a dd l e w ere


    .

    dro pp e d i n t o the sea a n d w e re c a rr i e d a w a y b y the w a v e s .


    20 B e r n i ce P . B is hop M us e u m — B ulletin

    The k i ng , see ni g g e r th ey w er e in s a i d I a m the you n ges t


    the d a n , ,

    man h e re . Le t me s w i m fo r the p a d d l es w h i c h a r e s t ill c l o s e b y T h en


    , .

    we can f
    go s a e l y o m e h .
    ”

    One o f the m e n e li e d , r p Do n ot j um p i n t o
    bi g fi s h w ill the s ea . Th e
    d e v o u r y ou B u t the k i n g h ee d e d n ot a n d w a s so o n s w i m m i n g fo r the
    .

    p a d d l es Th en the fi s h e rm en t oo k o ut th e i r h i dd e n p a dd l es a n d t u r n ed the
    .

    ca n o e t o w a rd s l a n d .

    The b e w il d e r e d k i n g ca ll ed to th e m C o m e a n d s a v e yo u r k i n g I f , .

    I h a v e d o n e w r o n g I s h a ll r i ght i t Y ou s h a l l h a v e l a n d s Co m e a n d get
    . .

    m e or I s h a ll d ie .

    The fi s h e r m en p a d d l e d a w a y a s f a s t a s th ey cou l d T h en the k i n g .

    l o ok e d a b ou t h i m a n d sa w n o s i g n s o f l a n d H e w ept bi tt e r l y fea r i n g th a t .
    ,

    he w o u l d n ev e r a g a i n s ee his p a r en t s Wh il e the u n h a pp y k i n g w a s w eep .

    in g in gr ea t d i str es s the r a i n b o w th e fi n e m i s t a n d the re d g l o w a l l


    , , , ,

    s i g n s th a t he w a s a h i gh c h i e f h u n g o v e r h im , .

    A s K a ew eao ho w a s s w i m m i n g Ku w a ha ilo K a a n a e l ik e s gr a n df a th e r
    ’
    , , ,

    lo ok ed d o w n fr om the sk y a n d s e e i n g the h i gh c h i e f s i g n s h o v e r i n g o v er
    a s w i mm e r k n e w th a t the m a n m u s t b e a v e r y h i gh c h i e f o r a k i n g w ho

    w o u l d m a k e a s u i t a bl e h us b a n d fo r h is f a v o r i t e gr a n dd a u ght e r w ho li v e d ,

    on Ul u k a a S o he d e c i d e d to s a v e the s w i m m e r
    . .

    At o n c e a gr ea t s t o rm a ro se on th e sea a n d Ku w a ha ilo m ov ed the ,

    r olli n g i s l a n d c l ose to the yo u n g k i n g Ka ew eao ho w a s a l a r m ed wh en he .

    h ea r d the bi g w a v es b r ea k i n g o n the l a n d He th ou ght i t w a s the bi g fi s h .

    c o m i n g to d e v ou r h im J u s t a s h is s tr en gth w a s fa il i g a b r ea k e r r o ll ed
    . n

    him u p o n the s o ft sa d w h e r e he l a y a s on e d ea d
    n .

    Wh en li f e r et u r n e d to h im he w a s gr ea t l y s u rpr i s ed to fi n d h i m s el f
    o n lan d . H e t r i e d to r i s e b ut w a s s c a r c e l y a bl e to d o so a s his li m b s w e r e ,

    c r a mp e d fr om the m a n y h o u r s he h a d s p en t in th e w a t e r H e f e ll b a c k .

    o n the w a r m s a n d a n d s l e pt fo r m a n y h o u r s At l a s t the h ea t of the s u n .

    a w a k e n e d hi m H e s t oo d u p a n d s a w th a t the l a n d w a s v e ry b ea ut i f u l
    . .

    A s he w a s l oo k i n g a b o u t h u n ge r w h i s p e r e d to h i m Do n o t t a rry to a d m i r e
    “
    ,

    th e l a n d sca p e Wa l k o n u n t il you fi n d so m eth i n g to e a t


    . The k i n g d i d .

    a s h u n g e r b a d e h im a d fi d i n g r i p e b a n a n a s a te o f th em
    n n a n d s tr en gth ,

    r et u r e d to him
    n .

    A ft e r Ka e w ea oho ha d ea t e he d ec i d ed to go o n to s ee i f he co u l d fi d
    n n

    w ho i n h a bi t e d th i s b e a u t i f u l l a n d H e ha d n o t g o n e fa r b e f o r e he ca m e
    .

    u p o n a l a rg e t a r o p a t c h the b a n k s o f w h i c h w e r e co v e r e d w i th b r ea dfr u i t
    , .

    s w e e t po t a t o e s s u ga r c a n e
    , a n d ba n a n a s
    -
    The k i n g e a g e r l y p a rt oo k o f
    , .

    fo o d a n d his b ea u t y r et u r ed li k e the b ea u t y o f the yo u n g b a n a n a l ea f


    n
    .
    .

    K a e w e a o ho sa w n o S i g s o f a y h o u s e H e w o n d e r e d to w h o m s uc h
    n n .

    a b ea u t i f u l i s l a n d b e l o n g e d \Vhile he w a s w o d er i n g the q u een o f the


    . n ,
    22 B er ni ce P . B is hop M us e n n z fi — B u lletin

    K a a na e lik e k ed the M a n fro m the Sea a s she c a ll ed the k i n g to go


    as - - -
    , ,

    ho m e w i th he r Wh en he r ea c h e d her ho u se he fo un d i t fi ll e d w i th b e rr i es
    . .

    T h es e the q uee n th rew out a n d m a k i g a b ed o f m a t s g a v e the s tr a n ge r


    ,
    n

    a r oo m .T h u s th ey l i v ed fo r tw o mo n th s D a il y he cook e d foo d a n d fi s h .

    in h is i m n a n d the q u een ea t i n g th e r eo f gr e w m o r e be a u t i f u l .

    At the e n d o f two m o n th s Ka a n a elik e s p a ren t s s en t m e s sen ge r s fro m ’

    the m o u n t a i ns w i th p a c k s l o a d e d w i th b e rr i e s A s th ey n ea r e d the h ou s e .

    th ey sa w th e i r q u e en ea t i n g the coo k e d f oo d so d ropp i n g th e i r p ac k s ,

    th ey r ush e d b a c k to the m o u n t a i n s c ry i n g The q ueen w i ll b e k ill ed ! The ,

    q uee n w ill b e k i ll ed ! ”

    A s s oon a s the q ue en s p a r e n t s h ea rd th e s e w o rd s th ey o rd e r e d ev e ry on e
    ’

    to f o ll o w th e m to the s ea s h o r e .

    Wh en K a a n a elik e s a w the m e s sen ger s r u n n i n g b a c k to the mo un t a i n s


    s he s p ok e to K a e w e a o ho in th i s m a n n e r : Ma n fro m th e S ea d i g a h ol e “
    - - -
    ,

    un d e r m y r oo m We w ill li n e i t w i th m a t s a n d th er e you c a n h i d e so th a t
    .

    my p a r en t s w il l n ot k ill yo u w h e n th ey co m e T h i s th ey d i d a n d s he h i d ”
    .

    the k i n g .

    Wh en her pa ren t s c a m e Ka a n a elik e a te the c oo k e d f oo d At o n c e th ey .

    a n d th e i r fo llo w e r s b e g a n to w a il th i n k i n g th a t s he w o u l d d ie S he t o l d
    , .

    her p a r e n t s th a t s he w ou l d n o t d ie S h e ha d ea t en o f th i s fo o d fo r two
    .

    m on th s a n d th ey co u l d s ee th a t she w a s mo r e b ea u t i f u l a n d s tr on ge r th a n
    ,

    b e fo r e S he p e r s ua d e d th em to ea t o f the c ook e d fo o d a n d she ga v e the


    .

    r em a i n d er to the fo l l ow e r s .

    T h en her p a r en t s a s k e d Ka a a elik e how s he ha d l e a r n e d to c ook food


    n .

    S he t ol d th e m th a t the Ma n fr o m the S ea w ho h a d b een v e r y k i n d to he r


    - - -
    , ,

    ha d ta ught h e r H er p a r e n t s s a i d I f th e s e th i n g s yo u t e l l u s a re tr ue the
    .
    ,
    “

    Ma n from the S ea m u s t b e v e ry goo d


    - - -
    .

    No l o n g e r f ea r i n g fo r his li f e Ka a n a el ik e r e mo v e d the m a t s a n d l ed
    ,

    fo rth the k i n g w h o m s he s a i d she l o v ed a n d w i s h to m a rry Her p a r en t s


    , .

    t o l d he r th a t th i s cou l d n ot b e w i tho u t the co n s en t o f her gr a n d f a th er .

    Ka a n a e l ik e a s k e d w h e r e her gr a n df a th e r li v ed a n d l ea r n e d th a t hi s h om e ,

    w a s in the s ky .

    In o rd e r v i s i t he r gr a n d f a th e r to g a i n his co n s en t K a an a elik e w a s
    to ,

    d i r e c t e d to a l a rg e c a l a b a s h w h i c h c o n c ea l e d a s m a ll c oc on u t tr ee Th i s .

    tree s he w a s t o l d to c li m b B e fo r e s he b eg a n to c l i m b i t her p a r en t s ga v e
    .

    he r the s a c r e d p a u o r s k i rt w h i c h s he w a s to h ol d o n her l a p a n d n o h a r m
    -
    , ,

    w o u l d e v e r b e f a ll he r .

    No so o e r ha d the q ue en c l i m b e d i n t o the tr ee th a n i t b e ga n to gr ow
    n .

    I t gr e w a n d gr e w u n t il i t r eac h e d the d ee p bl u e o f h ea v en I n the sk y s he .

    fo un d a n o p en i n g w h i c h led i n t o the k i n gdo m o f her gr a n d fa th e r She .


    R ic e —
    H a w a iia n L egen d s 23

    w en t in , a n d a s so o n a s s he ha d l e ft the tree i t gr e w s m a ll e r and sm a ll e r ,

    un t il i t r eac h ed its o r i g i n a l s i ze .

    Aft e r w a t c h i n g the c ocon u t tr ee d i sa pp e a r K a a n a elik e s a w a p a th w h i c h


    s he f o ll o w e d u n t i l s he ca m e to tw o g ua rd s k ee p i n g w a t c h o v e r a l a rge s t o n e

    h o llo w e d o u t li k e a h u ge p ot The g ua rd s u rge d th i s w oma n to d ep a rt


    .

    a t on c e b e fo r e th ei r m a s t e r c a m e fo r h e s p a r e d n e i th e r m a n w o m a n n o r
    , , ,

    c h il d ; a l l s h a r e d the s a m e c r ue l d e a th in the p ot .

    Ka a na el ik e d i d n o t o b ey th em b u t a s k e d fo r he r gr a n d f a th e r K u w a ha ilo ,
    .

    The g ua rd s r e p li e d Y o u a re a sk i n g fo r o u r l o rd H e ha s g on e to h u n t
    “
    .
    ,

    fo r m o r e v i c t i m s to fi ll his pot H e t a k e s a n y p e r so n h e fi n d s o ld o r
    .
    ,

    yo u n g un t il his p o t is f u ll
    ,
    H e h e a t s a h u g e s to n e u n t il i t is r e d ho t
    .
    ,

    th e n he ro ll s i t i n t o the p ot a n d so c ook s his v i c t i m s Y ou s ee a ll a b ou t


    ,
    .

    yo u the bo n e s o f m a n y v i c t i m s T h e r e fo re b e a dv i s e d yo u w ho a re
    .
    , ,

    yo u n g a n d b ea u t i f u l I f yo u w i s h to l i v e r e t u r n a t on c e b y the p a th yo u
    .

    ca me
    ”
    .

    B u t K a a n a elik e w a s d e t e rm i ne d to see h er gr a n df a th e r a n d a s k e d w h i c h
    w a y h e ha d gone The g u a r d s s a i d tha t he ha d go n e to the Ea s t l o o k i n g
    .

    fo r v i c t i m s to h u r l i n t o his po t T h e n the gr a n dd a u ght e r a s k e d w h e r e th e i r


    .

    l o rd s l ept a n d th ey a n s w e r e d I t i s no t k n ow n to u s H is h om e is h el d
    , .

    s a c r ed I t is ka pu fo r u s h is s e rv a n t s to go th e r e
    .
    , We h a v e w a r n e d ,
    .

    No w d e p a rt i f you w i s h to li v e
    ”
    yo u . .

    S t ill Ka a n a elik e q u e s t io n e d th e m : Wh en d oes you r m i ghty l o rd


    r et u r n ? ”

    To th i s th ey a n s w e r e d th a t s he w ou l d k n o w fo r the l a n d w o u l d q u a k e , ,

    the t r ee s w o u l d b e b e n t o v e r a n d the w i n d wo u l d bl o w , Fi r s t his t o n gue .

    w ou l d c om e w i th vi c t i m s in its h o ll o w T h e his b o d y w ou l d fo llo w . n .

    Aft e r K a a n a elik e ha d h ea rd a ll th e se th i n gs she fol l o w ed a p a th wh i c h


    l e d to a ca v e I n the c a v e w a s a p il e o f bo n e s o f c h i e f s w h o m the k i n g
    .

    h a d ea t e n Nea r b y w a s a smo o th s to n e u s e d a s a p illo w b y the k i n g The


    . .

    q u een w a s b e co m i n g v e ry w ea ry a n d s o she r o ll e d u p he r sa c r e d p a u a n d -
    ,

    us i n g i t a s a p ill o w l a y d o w n o n the m a t s to r e s t
    , S u d d en l y she f e l t the .

    e a rth q u a k e a n d h e a r d the w i d bl o w i n g T h en s he r em emb e re d th a t


    n .

    th ese w e r e the s i gn s o f the co m i n g o f he r gr a n dfa th e r .

    Wh en K u w aha ilo r e a c h e d hi s g u a rd s he c a ll e d o ut in a l ou d vo i c e I ,

    s m ell the bl o o d o f a m o rt a l !
    ”

    I n f ea r the g u a r d s a n s w e r e d We h a v e s e en n o on e p a ss b y S om eon e
    , .

    ma y h a v e p a ss e d b e h i n d u s W e sa w n o on e a s w e w e re b u sy g ua rd i ng
    .

    ”
    the p ot .

    The an gry k i n g sa id ,
    I f yo u l ie to m e I s h a l l ea t yo u bo th ! ”
    Th en
    he l ook ed to the ea s t , a n d w e s t a n d s o u th H e saw
    , . n o on e . A s he t u r n ed
    24 B er ni ce P . B is hop Iif u s e n ni —
    -
    B ulletin

    to w a rd s his h o m e he c r i ed The pr es u m pt uo us m o rt a l h a s d a red to en t e r


    , ,

    my c a v e H e w ill a n s w e r fo r th i s b y his d ea th !
    ”
    .

    B e fo r e en t e r i n g his h ome the k i n g un fa s t en ed his h u ge to n g u e a n d


    h u n g i t a t the s i d e o f the c a v e A s so o n a s he s t epp e d i n t o the c a v e h e
    .

    s a w a w o m a n l y i n g o n his b e d V i o l e n t a n g e r p o s s e s s e d hi m
    . H e tr i e d .

    to s e iz e h er b u t w h en h e t o u c h e d he r h e r ece i v ed a s e v e r e s h oc k a l m o s t
    , ,

    l i k e a k i c k The s a c r e d pa u w a s p ro t ec t i g K a a n a elik e K u wa ha ilo k n e w


    .
    -
    n .

    th a t th i s w a s n o o rd i n a ry m o rt a l He l oo k e d c l o sel y a t her a n d s a w th a t
    .

    s he w a s his o w n gr a d d a u ght e r n He c r i e d Ar i s e m y c h il d \Vhy d id


    .
    , , .

    y o u c o m e to v i s i t m e w i th o u t m y k n o w l e dg e ? I h a v e a l w a y s w a r n e d yo u r
    p a ren t s to i n fo r m m e w h en to e x p ec t v i s i t s fro m you H a d I kno w n you .

    w e r e c o m i n g I w o u l d h a v e c l ea n e d my ca v e
    ”
    .

    K a a n a e lik e w a s a n gr y a n d w itho u t r ep ly in g s he s tr uc k the s i d e o f the


    '

    c a v e w i th s uc h fo r c e t h a t a l l th e h a n g i g s a n d d ec o r a t io n s f e l l fr o m the
    n

    w a ll s .

    The k i n g c r i ed Wh a t a n a n gry gr a d d a u ght e r I h a v e h e r e See you


    ,
    n ,

    h a v e k n oc k ed fr om the w a ll s the s ac r e d b on es o f you r a n c es to r s .

    T h es e w o rd s dr o v e a w a y a n g e r fro m he r h ea rt a n d K a a n a el ik e s a t o n ,

    the s a c r e d l a p o f he r gr a n d f a th e r w h o i n q u i r e d w h a t gr e a t O bj ec t ha d
    ,

    b rou ght h e r to him S he t o l d him th a t s he ha d co m e to g a i n h is p e rm i s s i o n


    .

    to m a r ry th e m a n w ho ha d c o m e to he r i s l a n d fr o m the s ea
    The k i n g w a s s il e n t fo r a fe w m i n u t e s b e f o r e r ep l y i n g Ne i the r yo u ,

    n o r yo u r p a r en t s b r ou ght th a t m a n to yo u r i s l a n d I s en t him th e re I . .

    sa w h im s w i mm i n g in the s e a The s i gn s o f a h i gh c h i e f w e r e h o v e r i n g
    .

    o v e r him a n d I k n ew he w o u l d b e a s u i t a bl e h u s b a n d fo r yo u SO I r o ll ed .

    Ul u k a a up to h i m T h e r e f o r e go b ac k a n d t a k e h i m a s you r h u s b a n d
    .
    , .

    Do n o t m a k e him w o rk fo r yo u for I s h a l l t a k e yo u r li f e i f yo u d o
    ”
    .
    ,

    Ka a n a e l ik e a n s w e r e d he r gr a n d f a th e r th u s : A ll you s a y is goo d I “
    .

    s h a l l o b ey a l l yo u r c o mm a n d s B u t I h a v e p o w e r a s w e ll a s yo u
    . If I .

    pr o m i se to o b ey yo u yo u m u s t li k ew i s e pro m i s e to Ob ey m e Y ou m u s t
    , .

    m o r e p eo p l e T h a t is o n l y f a i r m y gr a n d d a u ght e r
    ” ”
    n o t ea t a n y .
    , ,

    a n s w e r e d the k i n g .

    At o n c e he w e n t to his g u a rd s a n d t o l d th em to r el ea se the v i c t i m s
    fro m the po t to s e n d th em h o m e a n d th e n to go ho me th em s e l v es T h en
    , , .

    he r et u r ed to his gr a n d d a u ght e r w ho a s k e d w h e r e the p a th to he r i s l a n d


    n ,

    la y. The k i n g t oo k his t o n g u e fr o m the s i d e o f the c a v e a n d f a s t e n e d i t


    in his m ou th T a k i n g her sa c r e d pa u w i th her Ka a na elik e s a t on the
    .
    -
    ,

    c r oo k o f th e t o n g u e w h il e the g i a n t s l o w l y l o w e r e d he r to the Ro ll i n g
    ,

    I sl a n d A s so on a s s he w a s s a f el y h o m e the t o n g u e d i s a pp ea r e d
    . .

    K a a n a e l ik e h a s t en e d to he r p a r e n t s to t e ll th e m the o u t c o m e o f he r
    v i s i t S he t o l d th em ho w her gra n d fa th e r ha d ro ll ed her i s l a n d u p to the
    .
    26 B e r n ic e P . B is hop M u s e u m— B u lletin

    As s oo n as Ka a n a el ik e as k ed her h usb a n d th i s q u est i on he a n sw e e r d ,

    I n you r l a n d I a m c a ll e d the Ma n -
    fro m the Sea I n my l a n d I
    - -
    . am c a ll e d

    Ka e w ea o ho Ki n g o f H a w a ii
    ”
    .
    ,

    T h en p a ren t s k n ew th a t th e i r d a ught e r w a s n o t d ece i v ed


    Ka a n a e lik e
    ’

    s ,

    fo r th ey ha d h ea rd m u c h o f the w i s e a n d j u s t r u l e o f th i s k i n g
    K a a n a el ik e b e gg e d her h us b a n d n o t to r e t u r n to H a w a ii Wa i t un t il .

    o l d a ge d i m s o u r ey e s b e f o r e y o u l e a v e m e fo r y o u r n a t i v e l a n d s he w e pt
    ”
    .
    ,

    Her h u s b a n d a n s w e r e d H a w a i i ca ll s me My p eo p l e n ee d me I s h a ll
    “
    .
    , .

    I f a s o n i s b o r n to us ca ll h i m Ey e B ro w s B u r n t O ff Na k u e m a k a
    ’

    go
    — - - — —
    .
    ,

    p a u ik e a h i I f a d a u ght e r is b o r n to u s yo u m a y n a m e her a s i t p l ea s es
    .

    yo u My lo v e fo r you is gr ea t b u t I c a n no t r em a i n h e r e I m u s t r et u r n
    .
    , .

    to my p eop l e a n d m y c ou n t ry
    ”
    .

    B y th e s e w o rd s the u n h a pp y Ka a n a e lik e k n e w th a t her h u s ba n d w o u l d


    l e a v e her a n d so s he pr ep a r ed to c a rry o ut h is w i s h es S he o rd e re d a
    , .

    c a n o e to b e b u il t fo r him T h i s c a n oe w a s to b e b u il t in o e d a y c ut in
    . n ,

    the e a r l y mo r n i n g a n d r ea d y fo r the s ea b y s u n s e t
    , T h i s c a n oe w a s to b e .

    r ed ,
    w i th a r e d m a s t r ed s a il s r e d r o p e s a n d the s a il o r s w e r e to b e
    , , ,

    d r e s s ed in r e d ta p a .

    At s un se t K a ew eao ho a d his sa il o r s go t i n to the c a n oe K a a n a elik e


    n .

    w a r n e d th e m n o t to l oo k b a c k l e s t s om e d i r e c a l a m i t y b e f a ll th e m o n th ei r
    j ou r n ey A s the c a n o e g l i d e d o v e r the s ea K a a n a el ik e r oll e d her i s l a n d
    .
    ,

    a l on g c l os e to i t u n t il s he s a wthe w a v e s b r ea k i n g o n the s h o r e s o f H a wa i i .

    T h en s he r o ll e d her i s l a n d b a c k i n to the sea K a e w ea oho l ook e d b a c k a n d .

    s a w o n l y the v a s t w a t e r .

    A s Ka ew ea o ho a ppro a c h e d his s a c r e d l a n d i n g he h ea rd the c ro w d c r y


    in g The ka pu is b r o k e n No w a n yone c a n u s e the k i n g s l a n d i n g Th en
    “ ’ ”
    . .
    ,

    he k n ew th a t his d r ea m w a s t r u e .

    Wh en the p eo p l e s a w Ka e w aeoho th ey a t onc e r eco gn i z ed th e i r l o s t


    k i n g a n d w i th t ea r s o f joy th ey r u s h e d to the s ea a n d se i zi n g the c a n oe
    , , , ,

    c a rr i e d i t i n t o the p a l a c e ya r d o n th ei r s h ou l d e r s w i th the k i n g a n d a ll ,

    th e sa il o r s in i t B e fo r e the p a l a ce th ey l o w e r e d the c a n o e The k i g


    . . n

    ga v e his gr ea t a l oh a to a ll He en t e r e d his h o me a d gr eet e d his .


    ,
    n

    pa re n t s a n d a ll his c h i e f s w h om he f o u n d li v i n g in fi l th a n d w a n t m ou r n
    , ,

    i g h i s l o n g a b s en c e
    n .

    K a e w e a o ho i s s u e d a pr oc l a m a t i o n s a y i n g th a t a l l the s a c r e d p l a c es
    w h i c h ha d b ee n d es ec r a t ed S h o u l d b e r e t u r n e d to th e i r k a pu o r a ga i n se t
    a p a rt a n d th a t a l l l a d s s e t a s i d e fo r th e k i n g s u s e s h o u l d b e r e se rv e d fo r
    ’

    ,
    n

    h im a s b e f o r e H e th en s en t his m ess e ge r s to fi n d a n d b r i n g b e f o r e h im
    . n

    the tw o fi s h e r m e n w h o ha d d e s e rt e d h im a t s ea .

    The m es se n g e r s e a s il y f o u n d th e s e m en fo r th ey ha d n o t h ea rd o f the ,

    k i n g s r et u r n Wh en th ey w e r e b r ought b e fo r e the k i n g th ey k n ew h i m
    ’
    .
    Ric a -
    H a w a iia n L egen d s 27

    to b e the on e th ey ha d l e ft to d ie in the d eep s ea . Te rro r fi ll ed th ei r


    h ea rt s .

    The k i g s po k e
    n th em in th ese w o rd s Why d i d you l ea v e m e a t sea
    to ,

    w he n I s wam fo r th e p a dd l e s ? We r e yo u a n gr y w i th m e ? H a d I do n e
    you r on g
    a ny w ?”

    The t e rr i fi e d m e a n s w e r e d Y e s yo u ha d d on e u s a gr e a t w r on g
    n , ,
    .

    Da y a ft e r d a y w h il e w e w e r e fi s h i n g fo r yo u n o fo o d w a s l e ft a t o u r
    , ,

    h o m e s b y yo u r o r d e r s .
    ”

    T h ese wo rd s gr ea t l y tr o u bl e d the k i n g He s e t fo r his h ea d s t e w a rd . n

    w ho a ll o tt e d e a c h m a n s f oo d W h en the s t ew a rd c a m e b e f o r e the k i n g
    ’
    .

    he c r a w l e d o n his h a n d s a n d k n ees H e c o u l d n ot r ep l y to th e k i n g s
    ’
    .

    que s t i o n s a d s o he w a s o rd e r ed to b e p ut to d ea th The k i n g l e ft the


    ,
    n .

    p u n i s h m e t o f his fi s h e r m en to h is s u bj ec t s T h ey s en t e c ed th e m to d ie
    n .
    n

    a l so. S o the thr e e m e n w e r e e x ec u t e d th a t d a y .

    A ft e r Ka ew ea oho ha d d ep a rt e d fr om Uluk a a K a a n a elik e w a s v e ry ,

    tro u bl e d Sh e w o n d e r e d w h a t s he w o u l d say to he r c h il d w h en i t a sk ed
    .

    fo r its fa th e r Aft e r her h u sb a n d ha d b ee go n e th r ee yea r s a son w a s


    . n

    bo r n to the q u een w ho m s he n a m e d Eye B ro w s B u r n t O ff W h en he w a s


    ,
    - — -
    .

    tw o d a y s o ld he c ou l d w a l k a n d w h e n thr ee d a y s o l d he c ou l d t a l k On
    ,
    .

    the s i xth d a y o f his l i f e he c o u l d p l a y k e a pu a w i th th e l a rg e b oy s T ha t ’


    2
    .

    d a y he s a i d to h is m o th e r W h e r e is m y f a th e r ? ,
    “ ”

    K a a n a e lik e r e p l i e d Y o u h a v e n o f a th e r
    “
    .
    ,

    H e r s o n r e p li e d Y e s I m u s t h a v e a fa th e r ,
    Wa s I n o t n a m ed Eye
    “
    , .

    Bro w s B u r n t O ff be c a u se m y fa th e r b u r n e d o ff his eyeb r ow s ma k i n g a n


    - -

    ”
    i rn u ?

    T h en k n ew th a t he r sec r et ha d b een m a d e k n o w n to h e r
    K a a n a e lik e
    so n a d s h e t o l d h im th a t h i s f a th e r w a s th e k i g o f H a w a ii
    n n .

    Eye B r o w s B u r n t O ff w a nt e d to s e e k his f a th e r a t o n c e
    - - —
    H is m o th e r .

    to l d him th a t he co u l d go w h en th e ca n oe r et u r n ed fro m H a w a i i Ka a n a e .

    l i k e r ea d the s i g s i th e h ea v e s a n d k n ew th a t he r s o n w ou l d d ie i f he
    n n n

    w en t to H a w a ii T h i s s he t o l d h im b u t h e on l y r ep l i e d I f I go to s eek
    .

    m y f a th e r a n d d ie i t is w e ll I f I li v e i t is w e ll
    ”
    .
    , .

    S o K a a n a e lik e pr ep a r e d th e c a n o e fo r he r s on a s she h a d pre p a r e d i t


    fo r h e r h u s b a n d A s the b o y e n t e r e d i t s he c r i e d to him
    “
    . Go and fi d ,
    n

    you r f a th e r G i v e him m y a l oh a I f e a r yo u w ill n ev e r s ee h i m Y o u


    . . .

    w ill b e k i ll e d b y h is s u bj ec t s D o n ot l o o k b a c k Let n o th i n g s to p y o u . .

    u t il y ou r ea c h yo u r f a th e r
    ”
    n .

    T h en s he f o ll o w e d the c a no e w i th he r r o ll i n g i s l a n d u n t il she c ou l d
    s ee the s a c r e d l a n d i g o f the k i n g n .

    T hi g m i d ri b d i th l g d f th M h
    ’
    s a e s esc e n e e en o e en e un e .
    28 B er n ic e - P . B is ho p M us e u m — B ulletin

    Wh en the p eo p l e
    h o re sa w a re d c a n oe n ea r i n g the b ea ch th ey
    on s

    c r i ed Kill a n yo n e w ho a tt e m pt s to l a n d No m a n w om a n o r ch il d s h a ll
    “
    , , ,
    .

    d e s ec r a t e th e k i n g s l a n d i n g p l a c e ’
    .
    ”

    A s Eye B ro w s B u r t O ff c a m e c l ose r to l a n d he s a i d to his s a il o r s


    - -
    n -
    ,

    P a dd l e n o f a rth e r I s h a ll go a s h o r e a l o n e . I f I a m k ill e d r et u r n a t .
    ,

    o n c e to U l uk aa I f I d ie i t is w ell
    . I f I r e a c h l a n d sa f el y I s h a ll b u il d .

    a fire I f the s mo k e bl o w s t ow a rd s the s e a I l i v e


    . I f i t bl o w s t o w a rd s .

    l a n d I d ie .

    A ft e r he ha d s p o k en th es e wo rd s th e bo y j u m p e d i n t o the s ea a n d ,

    s w a m a sh o re S o m eo n e t o r e o ff h is c l o th e s b u t he j u mp ed o n the h ea d s
    .
    ,

    o f th e p eo p l e s t a n d i n g c l o s e to g e th e r in the c r o w d a n d r a n o n th e m u n t il ,

    he r ea c h e d the g a t e to the p a l a c e y a rd T h e r e Eye B row s B u r n t O fl? t r i e d .


    ,
    - - -

    to s li p p a s t th e g ua r d s w ho ha d the p o w e r o f l i f e a n d d ea th o v e r a n yon e
    ,

    en t e r i n g the ya rd On e k i n d l y g ua rd w a n t e d to let the c h il d p a s s b u t


    .
    ,

    the o th e r g u a rd s tr u c k h i m a s he r a n b y .

    Eye B r o w s B u r t O ff b r e a th l e s s l y e n t e r e d the r o o m w h e r e his f a th e r


    - -
    n -

    w a s s l eep i g T w e lv e k a h ili b ea re r s w e r e g en t l y w a v i n g th e i r k a h il i ov e r
    n .

    th e s l eep i g k i n g A s the bo y s pr a n g u p a n d s a t o n h is f a th e r s l a p the


    ’
    n .

    pr i es t w ho ha d m yst i c p o w e r s r ecog n i z ed him a s the k i n g s so n a n d w a r n ed


    , ,
    ’

    the a tt e n d a n t s to t r e a t h im w ell W h en the k i n g a w o k e he s a i d Who is .


    ,

    th i s on my la p ? ”

    The bo y a n s w e r e d I a m Eye B ro w s B u r n t O ff Y ou r w i f e Ka a n ael ik e


    ,
    - - -
    .
    , ,

    s e n t he r a l o h a to y o u B e h o l d I a m w ou n d e d a t the h a n d s o f yo u r
    .
    ,

    p eo p l e .
    ”

    K a e w e a oho w a s v e r y a n gry to th i n k th a t a n yon e ha d l a i d h a n d s on his


    a n d q u i c k l y o r d e r ed a n
    so n , y p e r s o n w ho ha d h a r m e d h i m to b e p u t to
    d ea th The u n k i n d g ua rd a n d m a n y oth e r s w e re e x ec u t ed At l a st Eye
    . .

    B ro w s B u r n t O ff b e gged his f a th e r n ot to k ill a ny m o r e


    ’

    - -
    .

    The k i g th e n pr e p a r e d a gr ea t f e a s t fo r his so n fr om Ulu k a a


    n As .

    th ey li t the un t the s mo k e r o se a n d w a s s w e pt to the s ea b y the b ree ze


    i .

    fro m the mo u n t a i n s T h u s the p a dd l e r s k n e w th a t th e i r m a s t e r l i v e d


    . .

    Wh en the fea s t w a s s pr ea d a n d a ll w e r e s ea t ed Eye B ro w s B u r n t O fl


    '

    - - -
    ,

    I c a n no t en j o y th i s l u a u M y f a i th f u l p a dd l e r s a re s t ill a t sea I
    “
    sa i d , . .

    h a d f o rgo tt en th e m
    ”
    .

    The k i g s en t a t o n c e fo r th e s e m e n w ho w e r e g i v e n p l a c es a t the
    n ,

    fea st w h e r e th ey we re tr ea t e d a s h o n o re d g ues t s b y a ll the c h i e f s o f


    ,

    H a w a ii A ft e r the m ea l th ey w e re s en t to the h o u s e s th ey ha d occ u p i e d


    .
    ,

    o n th e i r f o r m e r v i s i t to H a w a ii w h e n th ey h a d b r o u ght the k i n g h o m e ,
    .

    Wh e n e v e n i n g c a me Eye B row s B u r n t O ff to l d h is f a th e r th a t a t s un
    ,
    - - -
    ’

    r i se on the fo ll o w i n g d ay h e w o u l d r et u r n to Uluk aa The k i n g u rge d him .


    30 B er nice P . B is hop M us e uni — B ulletin

    and a gr ea t a l o h a for the b oy fi ll e d the fa th er s h ea rt Ka a n a el ik e sa t ’


    .

    o n he r h u s b a n d s la p a n d k i s s e d h i m a n d he k n e w th a t he w ou l d li v e
    ’

    , .

    Ka a n a el ik e m a d e k n o w n her p l a n s S he s a i d th a t w h en the s u n ro s e
    .

    o n the f o ll o w i n g d ay the k i n g s h ou l d r et u r n w i th he r to Ul u k a a
    ,
    The .

    k i g a gr eed to th i s At s u n r i s e the k i n g a n d q ueen p a dd l e d a w a y fro m


    n .

    H a w a ii w h i c h w a s l e ft in the h a n d s o f K a e w e ao ho s f a th e r The f a th e r
    ’

    , .

    r u l e d u n t il a ll the c h i e f s o f Ha w a ii ha d d i ed At his ow n d ea th the k i n g .


    ,

    d o m p a s s e d i n t o the h a n d s o f t w i n s fr om K a u a i .

    Aft e r Ka a n aelik e a n d her h u s b a n d ha d r ea c h e d Ul uk aa the q u ee n s en t ,

    a ll he r s i s t e r s h o m e to th e i r o w n i s l a n d s e x c e pt the y ou n g e s t s i s t e r K ea ,

    hiw e la H o t Fi r e w ho li v e d w i th he r b y the s ea
    ,
    -
    , .

    I n a s h o rt t i m e Ka a n a e lik e s a w th a t he r h u s b a n d w a s p a y i n g to o m uc h
    a tt e n t i on to h e r b ea u t i f u l s i s t e r s o s he t oo k him to li v e u n d e r the w a t c h f u l
    ,

    ey e o f he r p a r en t s .

    O n e d a y the k i n g a s k e d p e r m i s s i o n to go fi s h i g H is w i f e p r e p a r e d n .

    his b a i t a n d fi s h i n g li n e s H e w en t to the s ea a n d c a u ght t w e l v e fi sh


    . .

    B e fo re go i n g h o m e he w en t to the h om e o f h is w i f e s s i st e r He w a k en e d ’
    .

    he r b u t s he w a r n e d him to go a w a y o r hi s w i f e w i th he r s u p e r n a t u r a l
    , ,

    p ow e r s w o u l d see him The k i n g li s t en e d to her a n d d ep a rt ed l ea v i n g her


    .
    ,

    s e v e n o f the fi s h .

    T o w a rd s e v en i n g the k i n g r et u r n e d h om e w i th the o th e r fi v e fi s h .

    K a a n a e l ik e f e l t the fi s h a n d s ee i n g th a t th ey w e r e d ry a s k e d her h u sb a n d ,

    w h e r e h e h a d b e en He r ep l i e d th a t the s u n h a d b een v e r y hot a n d he ha d


    .
    ,

    w a l k e d s l ow l y T h en h is w i fe l o o k e d a t his fi s h i n g li n es a n d s a w th a t
    .

    t we l v e fi s h ha d b een ca u ght W h en Ka a n a e lik e a s k ed w h e r e the o th e r fi sh


    .

    w e r e K a e w ea oho a n s w e r e d th a t h is c a n o e ha d c a p s i z ed a d he ha d l o s t a l l n

    b u t the fi e w h i c h s he ha d
    v .

    A fe w d a ys l a t e r the k i n g a s k ed to go to ca t c h bi r d s H is w i f e p r e .

    p a r ed the gu m fo r him a d h e w e n t thr ou gh the f o r e t p u tt i n g gu m o n the


    ,
    n s

    fl ow e r s I n s t ea d o f w a i t i n g fo r the bi r d s to c o m e he h u rr i e d to the
    .

    yo un g e r s i s t e r s h o u s e a n d s t a ye d a ll d a y w i th he r At s u n se t he w en t
    ’
    .

    h ome a n d w h en h is w i fe a s k ed fo r the bi rd s he t o l d he r th a t he ha d ha d
    a n u l ucky d a y
    n S he l oo k ed a t the gu m a n d s a i d
    . P l en t y o f bi rd s h a v e ,

    b een ca ught b u t no o e w a s th e re to c o ll ec t th em
    n .

    The n e xt d a y K a e w e a o ho w e n t a g a i n to the h o u se o f the b e a ut i f u l


    s i st er . T h i s t i m e his w i f e f o ll o w ed him \Vh en s he s a w her h u s b a n d .

    a n d s i s t e r t o g e th e r s he s p a t b e t w ee n th e m
    ,
    a n d fi r e b r ok e o u t w h i c h d e
    ,

    s tr oy ed the k i n g a n d s pr e a d r a p i d l y o v e r the i s l a n d w i p i n g o u t e v e r y th i n g ,

    a n d e v e r y bo d y K ea h iw e la t u r e d h e r s e l f i n t o a p il e o f s t o n e s so th a t the
    . n ,

    fi r e c o u l d o t d e s tr oy he r
    n K aa n a e lik e p u t o u t the fi r e to s a v e the li f e o f
    .
    R ic e —
    H a tt a iia n L egen d s
    '
    31

    h er so n , Eye Bro w s B u r n t O ff W h en the fi re w a s ou t she s a w the p il e


    — - -
    .
    ,

    o f s t o n es a n d k n ew th a t h e r s i s t e r s t ill li v e d in i t .

    J u s t a t th i s m o m en t the fos t e r p a r en t s o f Kea hiw el a w ho ha d b ec o m e ,

    gr ea t l y a l a r me d o v e r her lo n g a b sen c e sen t th e i r d og to fi n d he r He w a s , .

    n a m e d K u il io lo a M y Lo n g D og Ev e r y w h e r e th i s d og w en t the c oun tr y
    —
    ,
    - —
    .
    ,

    w a s po ll u t ed . W i th on e bo u n d he l a n d e d on Ulu k a a a n d sa w th a t a ll the
    p eop l e on the i s l a n d ha d b een d es tro ye d H e r et u rn ed to his m a s t e r t e lli n g .
    ,

    h i m th a t K ea hiw ela w a s d ea d Th e ma st e r s en t h i m b a c k to Uluk aa w i th


    .

    po w e r to k ill K a a n a elik e He j u m p e d b a c k to the i s l a n d w i th his m ou th


    .

    w i d e o p en to bi t e K a a n a e lik e K ea hiw e la sa w h im a n d s h a k i n g o ff the


    .
    ,

    r oc k s th a t co v e r e d her j um p ed i t o the do g s m ou th W h en Ka a na elik e


    ,
    n
    ’
    .

    s a w th e d o g w i th bl oo d y t ee th s he t oo k he r s a c r e d p a u a n d s tr u c k h i m —
    ,

    c u tt i n g o ff his t a il a d e a r s F rom th a t d a y to th i s b ob t a il e d do g s h a v e
    n .
    -

    l i v e d o n the i s l a n d s T h i s d og t oo k K ea hiw ela ho m e to her p a r en t s a n d


    .
    ,

    th en he j um p ed a c ro s s to K a u a i w h e re he li v ed u n t i l his d ea th .

    Wh e Eye B r o w s B u r n t O ff sa w a ll th a t ha d h a pp en e d o n Ulu k a a he
    n - - -
    ,

    sa i d to his m o th e r Y o u h a v e b ro u ght a ll th i s tr ou bl e to the l a n d Th ere


    “
    .
    ,

    a r e n o p eo p l e l e ft fo r m e to r u l e o v e r I s h a ll go to so m e o th e r l a n d .

    w h e r e th e r e a r e p eo p l e Y o u m u s t li v e h e r e a l o e to the en d o f y o u r l i fe
    . n .

    The O l d H a w a i i a n s b e l i e v e th a t K a a n a e lik e s t ill li v es o n the R o ll i n g


    I s l a n d Ulu k a a w h i c h c a n b e s een a c l o u d li k e v i s i o n w ith the o th e r e l e v e n
    , , ,
    —
    ,
    -

    i s l a n d s on the ho r i z o n a t s u n r i s e o r a t su n s e t At s u n r i s e the i s l a n d o f
    , .

    Ulu k aa ha s a r e dd i s h t i n g e w h i c h s h o w s th a t i t is s t ill b u r n i n g
    ,
    B ec a u s e .

    th ey a e s a c re d i s l an d s i t is b a d l uc k to p o i n t a t th e m
    r ,
    .
    32 B e r n ic e P
    -
    . B is hop JV
    I u s e u in —
    - -
    B ulletin

    TH E S T O NES O F K A NE
    A L EG EN D OF K AU A I
    I n the b eg i n n i n g , a w oma n and he r tw o b roth e r s , Po ha k u lo a an d Po ha k u ,
    .

    i n the fo rm o f s to n es c a me thro ugh the w a t e r fr om d i s t a n t l a n d s W h en


    , .

    th ey r ea c h e d the r ee f o ff H aen a the S i s t e r w a t ed to s t a y th e r e b u t o n e o f n ,

    the b r o th e r s u rge d her to go on sa y i n g I f yo u s t a y h e r e the lini u w i ll


    “
    , ,

    c o v e r yo u , the o pihi w ill c l i n g to yo u a d the p eo p l e c o m i n g to fi s h w ill


    ,
    n

    c li m b o v e r yo u
    ”
    .

    To th i s the s i s t e r r e p l i e d I f yo u go i n t o the m o u n t a i n s the bi rd s w i ll


    ,

    li ght o n yo u a n d th e l iz a rd s w i ll c r a w l o v e r yo u .
    ”

    So the s i s t e r s t ay e d in the se a w h e r e a t lo w t i d e s he i s s t ill to b e


    s ee n . The H a w a i i a n s c a l l the r oc k O o a a the F a s t R oo t e d
    - -
    The b r oth e r s
    ,
    -
    .

    s wa m t o w a rd s l a n d W h en a b ou t tw o h u n dre d ya rd s i n l a n d fr o m the
    .

    s h o r e o n e b ec a m e t i r ed a d la y d o w n to r e s t
    n a n d th e r e he ca n b e s ee n ,

    to th i s d a y l y i n g co v e re d w i th m o s s
    , a m o n g the pn h ai a tr ee s
    ,
    He is .

    c a ll e d Po ha k u lo a Lo n g S t o n e
    , The sa n d b e n e a th P o ha k u loa w a s us ed
    -
    .

    a s a b u r i a l p l ac e fo r c o mm o n p eo pl e The o th e r b ro th e r w en t on a n d
    .

    b ega n to c l i m b u p the s t eep m o u n t a i n s i d e The gr ea t god K a n e s a w h i m


    .
    , ,

    a n d t a k i n g p i t y o n him thr ew h im u p o n th e to p o f th e r i dg e w h e r e h e is
    , ,

    t od a y k no w n a s the S t on e o f K a n e Po ha k u o K a n e ,
    - -
    .
    34 B er n ice - P . B is hop M us e zri n — -
    - f B ulletih -

    The grea t flo d c a me Ka i a k a h i n a a l ii the S ea th a t M a d e the Ch i ef s


    o ,
    - - - -
    ,
    — - - -

    Fa ll D ow n ( th a t d es t ro yed th e c h i e f s ) s u b m e rg i n g a l l the l o w e r l a n d s
    -
    , , ,

    l ea v i g on l y s p ec k s o f h i gh e r l a n d o w k n ow n a s i s l a n d s a bo v e the w a t e r s
    n ,
    n ,
    .

    The l o w e r l a n d s w e r e c o v e r e d b y Moa n a n u i k a i oo Nu u a p o w e rf u l - - -
    .
    ,

    kah una s a v e d a gr e a t m a y p eo p l e
    ,
    n .

    A ft e r the D e l u ge th e re w e r e thr ee p eop l e s : the Men eh u n e w ho w ere ,

    d w a rf s o r p ygm i es ; the Ke n a mu a d the Ke n a w a A gr ea t p a rt o f - -


    n - —
    .

    th e se oth e r p eo p l es w e r e d es tr oy ed b y the Me eh u n e O n e o f the c h i e f s n .

    o f the Ke na m u h a d c o me to H a w a n fr om K a h ik i The n a m e o f th i s
    - —
    .

    chi ef was K u a l u nu i k i n i a k u a B i g K u a l u o f the F ou r T h o u sa n d G od s


    - - -
    ,
    - - - - - -
    .

    H e ha d a s o n K u a l u n u i p a n k u m o k u m o k u B i g K u a l u O f the B r o k e n R o p e
    - - — -
    ,
    - - - - -
    .

    the f a th e r O f O la L i f e T h ey c a m e fro m K a p a i a ha a o th e r w i s e c a ll ed K a -

    h i k i moe the l an d th a t is n o w c a ll e d New Z e a l a n d T h ey c a m e to the l a n d


    .
    , ,

    -
    .
    ,

    o f K a m a w a e l u a l a n i n e i th a t is n o w c a ll e d K a ua i a m a n o k a l a n i po
    - - - -
    ,
    T h at - - - ~ -
    .

    w a s the l a n d w h e r e the th r e e p e op l es ha d th e i r h o me the K e na m u th e ,


    — -
    ,

    K e n a w a a n d the M e n e h u n e
    - -
    , T h ey l i v e d th e r e a n d e m i gr a t e d th en c e .

    a s the p eo p l e o f m o r e r ec en t t i m es h a v e l i v e d a n d tr a v e ll e d At o e t i m e . n

    th e M en eh u n e j o u r n ey e d u t il th ey r ea c h e d th e l a n d o f K a bi k i k a p a i a n — -

    ha a ( Ne w Z ea l a n d ) T h a t is w hy som e p eo p l e b eli ev e th a t th ey c a m e
    o r i g i n a ll y fr o m Ne w Z ea l a n d
    .

    b u t th a t is n o t so T h ey w e re n a t i v es o f
    , .

    Ha w a i i .

    I n the t t r a d i t i o n o f K u mu l ipo i t is t ol d th a t th e r e w e re a gr ea t
    a n c en i
    m a n y m e n a d w o m en fr o m K a h o u p o o k a n e w ho w e n t to K a bi k i k a p a i a
    n - - - - -

    ha a a n d in th o s e em i gr a t i o n s th e r e w a s o n e ca ll e d H e m a th e pr o ge n i t o r
    , ,
    —
    ,

    o f th e M a o r i r a ce W h e H e ma w en t a t a b ou t th a t t i m e the Me eh u n e
    . n -
    , ,
    n

    p eo p l e w en t too fro m K a u a i a m a n o k a l a n i po
    , ,
    - - - - -
    .

    At th a t t i m e M a o l i k u la iak ea o r Ma o r i tu ra ia tea i the New Z ea l a n d


    - - - - -
    ,
    n

    l a n g u a g e w a s the k i n g o f the M en e h u n e He w en t w i th his p eo p l e


    , .
    ,

    a c c o m p a n i e d b y th e i r c h i e f A liik ilo la a n d h is w i f e Le p o a T h i s w a s in
    , , , .

    the t i m e o f He ma A d fr o m the fir s t p a rt o f the n a m e o f the k i n g o f the


    —
    n

    M en eh u n e the New Z e a l a n d e r s c a ll e d th em sel v es M a o r i


    .

    F ro m the l a s t
    p a rt o f the s a m e n a m e a p l a ce in Ne w Z ea l a d is c a ll e d Ra ia tea T h a t is
    , .

    n .

    w h a t is to l d i the m o s t a n c i e t o f a l l t r a d i t i o s c a ll e d
    “
    n K c K u m u l ipo n n ,
    —
    .

    Wh e n the M e eh u e r e t u r n e d to K a ua i th ey b eg a to i n c r ea s e The
    n n ,
    n .

    tr ib e gr ew u t i l th e r e w e r e en o u gh gro w n m e n to fo r m two r ow s r ea c h i n g
    n ,

    a ll the w a y fr om M a k a w e l i to Wa il u a T h ey w e re so m a n y co un t i n g the
    w om
    .
    ,

    en a d c h il dr e n
    n th a t the o n l y fi s h o f w h i c h eac h co u l d h a v e on e to
    ,

    h i m sel f w a s the sh r i m p
    , .

    The M e eh u n e w e r e a s m a ll p eo p l e b u t th ey w e r e b r oa d a n d m u s c u l a r
    n ,

    a n d po s s e s s e d o f gr ea t s t r e gth Co n tr a ry to co m mo n b e li e f th ey w e r e
    n .

    n o t p o ss es se d o f a n y s u p e r n a t u r a l p o w e r s b u t i t w a s s o l el y o n a c c o u n t o f ,
    R ic e —
    H a w a iia n L egen d s 35

    th e i r tr em en d ou s s tr en gth a n d en e rgy an d th e i r grea t n u m b e r s th a t th ey


    w e r e a bl e to a cc o m p l i s h the wo n d e rf u l th i n g s th ey d i d T h ese p yg my .

    p eo p l e w e re bo th ob e d i en t a n d i n d u s tr i o u s a l w ay s o b ey i n g th e i r l ea d e r s ,
    .

    T h e i r a v e r a ge h ei ght w a s o n l y from tw o feet s ix i n c h es to three fee t , , ,

    b u t th ey W e r e i n t ell i g e t a n d w e ll o rga i z e d T h ey t oo k n o fo o d from


    n n .

    o th e r l a n d s b u t c u l t i v a t e d en ou gh fo r th em s e l v e s
    ,
    A s th ey w e r e h a rd .

    wo rk e r s th ey a l w a y s ha d p l en t y o f f oo d
    , T h ei r fa vo r i t e foo d s w e r e ha u .

    pia a p u dd i n g m a d e o f a rr o w r oo t s w ee t en e d w i th coco n ut m il k ; pa la a i
    ,
    -
    ,
    —
    ,

    the s q ua s h a n d k o e l e pa la u o r s w ee t p o t a t o p u dd i n g
    ,
    - -
    T h ey w e r e a l s o
    -
    ,
    .

    v e ry fon d o f lu a u the coo k e d yo u n g l ea v es o f the t a ro fe r n fro n d s a n d


    , ,
    -
    ,

    o th e r gr een s T h ey ha d e l a bo ra t e l y m a d e a n d c a rv e d w oo d e n d i s h e s a n d
    .

    u t en s il s fo r th e i r f o o d .

    O e c u r i o u s th i g a b o u t the M e n e h u n e w a s th a t th e y n e v e r w o rk e d
    n n

    in d a y li ght a s th ey n e v e r w a n t e d to b e s een
    , I t w a s th e i r r u l e th a t a n y .

    e n t e rpr i s e th ey u n d e rto o k h a d to b e fi n i s h e d in a s i n g l e n i ght I f th i s .

    co u l d n o t b e d o n e th ey n ev e r r e t u r n e d to th a t p i ece o f w o rk B e i n g suc h .

    a s tro n g p eo p l e th ey a l m os t a l w a y s fi i s h e d the t a s k in o n e n i ght


    , I t is n .

    n o t k n o w n w h e r e th e i r h ou s e s w e r e b ut i t is sa i d th a t th ey l i v e d in c a v e s ,

    a n d h o ll o w l o g s a n d a s s oo n a s i t b e g a n to b e d a li ght th e
    , y y a ll d i s a pp e a r e d , .

    O n e gr ea t th i n g th a t th ey d id w a s to c u l t i v a t e th e w il d t a r o e i th e r on the ,

    pa li o r in the s w a m p s fo r th ey p l a n t e d a n yw h e r e th ey c ou l d fi n d r oo m fo r
    -
    ,

    a s i n gl e p la t n .

    O n the c li ff s o f K a u a i a r e s t il l s e en m a n y p a th s a n d r oa d s w h i c h w e r e
    b u il t b y th em a n d w h i c h a r e s t ill c a ll e d Ke a la p i i a k a M en e h u n e the
    ,
    - - — - -
    ,

    T r a il s o f the M e n eh u ne T h es e tr a il s a re s t ill to b e s ee n a bo v e Ha n a p ep e
    - - -
    .
    ,

    M a k a w e li M a n a Na p a l i M i lo l i i Nua l o l o a n d H a n a p u
    , , I n th e li tt l e
    , , .

    h o ll ow s o n the c l i ffs th ey p l a n t e d w il d t a ro ya m s f e r n s a d b a n a n a s
    , , , ,
    n .

    No c lifl w a s to o s t eep fo r th em to c l i m b
    ’
    .

    T hey a l so b u il t m a n y heia u s i c l u d i n g th o s e o f Elek u n a Po liha le a n d ,


    n , ,

    K a p a u la n ea r M a n a M a l a e a t Wa i l u a on the L i h u e s i d e o f the r i v e r j u s t
    -
    , , , ,

    a b o v e the roa d a n d Po li a hu o n the hi gh l a d b e t w ee n the b r a n c h i n g o f the


    ,
    -
    n ,

    Wa il u a r i v e r a n d the O p a i k a a s trea m A ll the s t o es for th es e heia u s w e re -


    . n

    b ro u ght fro m M a k a w e li The M en e h u n e fo r m e d tw o li n es a n d p a s s e d .


    ,

    the s to n e s fro m m a n to m a n T h ey a l s o b u il t the h e i a u a t Ki h a w a h i n e


    .
    -

    o n Ni i h a u I t is b u il t o f c o r a l r o c k a d is o bl on g in s h a p e w i th two
    . n ,

    c o r n e r s f en c e d in a s k a pu p l a ce s ; o n e fo r the s a c r i fi c i a l a l t a r a n d the o th e r ,

    fo r the k a hu na; o r h i gh pr i es t .

    The M en e h u n e h e w e d o ut tw o s t o n e c a n o e s w h i c h w e r e c a ll e d b y the ,

    Ha wa ii a n s Wa a o k a u m e l i e li
    , T h es e c a n oes co v e re d w i th ea rth a re
    - - — -
    .
    , ,

    st ill to b e fo un d at the M a n a s i d e o f the Wa i m ea H ot e l .


    36 B er n ic e P . B is hop M us e u m — B u lle tin

    At t i m e the M en e h u n e h o ll o w ed o u t a h u ge s to n e a n d c a rr i ed i t to
    one ,

    Wa i m ea w h e r e the h ea d M en eh u n e fi s h e rm a n u se d i t a s a h o u s e I t w a s
    , .

    c a l l e d Pa p a en a en a fr o m h is n a m e
    -
    H e s a t in th i s h ou se a n d w a t c h ed his
    -
    , .
    ,

    m e n fi sh .

    It was th e i r c us to m to p l a ce in the s trea m s bi g s t o n es o n w h i c h to


    p ou n d th e i r foo d O n e o f th es e bi g s t on es is to b e seen fa r u p the Ha n a l e i
    .

    Ri v e r . A n oth e r w a s c a rr i e d fr o m Ma ha ulepu a c r o s s K ipuk a i to Ha l ei a .

    S t ill a n o th e r w a s p l a c ed n ea r the mo u n t a i n o f M a u n a hin a in a li tt l e b r oo k ,

    a b o v e Wa i n i h a w h e r e to th i s d a y n a t i v es l ea v e o ff e r i n g s o f l e h u a b r a n c h e s
    , ,

    to the K pua o r d em i go d o f the l oc a li t y


    u ,
    O n th i s s t o e La h i a n d his
    -
    , . n ,

    s o n li v e d a ft e r La h i ha d b een d e f ea t e d in Wa i me a
    ,
    H is s t o ry is t o l d in .

    the l eg en d o f Th e B i rd M a n F r om his li f e c a m e the s a y i n g T ea r the


    “ ” “
    ,
    .

    bi rd the w a t e r is r i pp li ng
    , Th e e x p l a n a t i o n o f th i s pro v e r b is th a t i f
    .
    ”

    a n y o n e s t e pp e d i n to th e br oo k th e r i pp l e s c o u l d b e s een a l o n g its w h o l e ,

    co u r s e T h e r e fo re w h en the w a t e r r i pp l e d the b oy k n ew th a t s o m eone


    .
    , ,

    w a s w a d i g th r ou gh the s t r e a m a n d s a i d T ea r th e bi rd m ea n i n g Ea t “ ” “
    n , , , ,

    so th a t th ey w o u l d b e pr e p a r ed in c a s e i t w e r e the en em y
    ”
    a t on ce , ,

    a ppr o ac h i n g .

    At on e t i me the M en e h u n e b u il t tw o c a n oe s o f k oa in the m ou n t a i n s
    n e a r P u u k a Pe l e -
    A s th ey w e r e d r a gg i n g th e m d o w n to the l ow l a n d s
    -
    .
    ,
    ’

    th ey w ere ca u ght b y a h ea v y r a i n s t o rm a n d w e re f o rc e d to l ea v e the -


    ,

    c a n o e s a c r o s s a l i tt l e v a ll ey The s to rm c o v e r e d th e c a n oe s w i th d e b r i s
    .
    ,

    a n d l a ter a r o a d w a s b u il t a c r os s th e m
    , o v e r w h i c h a l l th e m a t e r i a l s to ,

    b u il d the v ill a ge o f Wa i m ea w e r e h a u l e d .

    Wh il e th e s e c a no es w e re b e i n g p l a c ed in th i s v a ll ey o n e o f the M en e
    h u n e b r o k e a la w a n d w a s c o d em n e d to d ie H e w a s t u r n e d i n t o a
    ,
    n .

    s t o n e w h i c h i s s t ill c a ll e d Po h a k i na p ua a a n d c a n b e s een on the Wa i m ea


    ’ ’
    — -
    ,

    C a n yo n r oa d no t fa r b el ow P u u k a P el e As the s t on e w a s b e i n g p l a ce d
    ,
    - -
    .
    ,

    s u c h a s h o u t w a s r a i s e d th a t i t fr i ght e n ed the d uc k s o n th e K a w a i n u i p on d

    n ea r K a il u a o O ah u ,
    At Ma ha u lepu o n K a u a i a no th e r M e n e h u n e w a s
    n .
    , ,

    t u r n e d to s t o n e fo r s t ea l i n g w a t e rm e lo n s The M e n eh u n e r eg a rd e d a .

    th i e f w i th grea t con t empt a n d the p en a l t y fo r s uc h a c r i me w a s d ea th b y


    ,

    b e i n g t u r n ed i n t o s t o n e .

    I t is b e li e v e d th a t th i s h a pp en ed b e f o r e the M eneh u n e l e ft K a u a i
    a n d j o u r ey e d to Ne w Z ea l a d
    n W h en a s o n O la w a s b o r n to the k i n g n .
    , ,

    o f W a i m ea the h e a d m a n K u a l u n u i p a n k u mo k u m o k u h a s t e e d to the -
    n

    fa r l y i n g i s l a n d s o f Ne w Z ea l a n d a n d b r o u ght the M en e h u n e b ac k to K a ua i
    — - -
    , . ,

    - .
    ,

    A ft e r th e i r r et u r n the M en eh u n e b u il t the w a l l o f the A la k ok o fi sh


    p o n d a t Ni u m a l u S t a n d i n g in tw o ro w s th ey p a s sed the s t on es fr o m h a n d
    .

    to h a n d a l l th e w a y fro m M a k a w e l i to N i u m a l u D a yli ght c a m e b e fo r e .


    38 B e r n ice P . B is ho p M i i s eum - —
    B ulletin /

    ha d b een v i s i t i n g a t so m e H a wa ii a n h om e s a w the s ea rc h e r s a n d b eg a n , ,

    d i gg i n g a t the s po t w h e re a s pr i n g c a me o u t fr om a c o ra l r oc k T h e r e .

    he w a s fo u n d a n d he e x p l a i n e d th a t he ha d d i s c o v e r e d th i s s pr i n g w h e r e
    , ,

    th ey cou l d a ll dr i n k go o d w a t e r So his li f e w a s s par e d The s pr i n g w a s . .

    c a l l e d K a w a i a M a l i u the Wa t e r o f M a li u a n d i s s t ill to b e s een


    - - -
    ,
    - —
    ,
    .

    T ra v el i n g o n the Me n eh u n e mo v e d a bi g s t on e to K a h il i b el ow
    , ,

    Kil a u ea w h i c h th ey u s ed to d i v e from At M ok ua ea e the i s l a n d o ff the


    .

    .
    , ,

    prese n t Kil a u ea li ghth o us e th ey b eg a n to fi ll in the c h a n n e l b et w een the ,

    i s l a n d a n d the m a i n l a n d T h ey w e re j us t a bl e to to uc h the b otto m w i th a .

    p a dd l e w h en m o r n i n g d a w n e d a nd th e i r t a s k w a s l e ft u n fi n i sh ed , .

    Nea r K a l i h i w a i a ca v e w a s d ug c a ll e d Wa k a u l u a T h i s b eca m e a w ell ,


    - -
    .

    k n o w n s po t fo r c a t c h i n g u l u a At Ha n a l e i a l a rge n a rr ow s t on e c a ll ed .
    , ,

    La n i ho eho B ru s he d o fi the He a v e n s w a s p l a c e d n ea r the po i n t o f Poo k u


    - -
    ,
    ~ - -
    ,

    b y o n e o f the l i tt l e m en n o n e o f his co mp a n i on s b e i n g w illi n g to h el p h im


    ,
    .

    At the p o i n t o f Kea la hula a t Lu ma ha i th e s e w on d e rf u l m en m a d e a s ma ll , ,

    h ill on the s ea s h o re by c u tt i n g off p a rt o f the p o i n t Y ou c a n s t il l s ee


    , .

    the b a r e p l a ce on the r i dg e w h e r e the ea rth w a s s l i c e d o fl At the b a se ’


    , .

    o f th i s s m a ll h ill the M e n e h u n e p l a c e d a l a rg e s t o n e w h i c h th ey u s ed
    , ,

    a s a j um p i ng of f p l a ce The h ill i s c a ll e d M a k a ihu w a a the La n d i n g


    -
    .
    - - -
    ,

    P l a ce o f the C a n o es
    — — -
    .

    O n the p l a i n a b o v e the L u m a ha i R i v e r the M en e h u n e m a d e th ei r


    h o m e s fo r a t i m e T h e re o n e o f the s m a l l m en b ega n to b u il d a h e i a u
    .

    w h i c h he c a ll e d K a i l i o o p a ia A s he w a s w o rk i n g the bi g o w l o f K a n e
    - - - - - —
    .
    ,

    c a m e a n d s a t o n the s t o n e s T h i s bi rd w a s l a rge en o u gh to c a rry o ff a .

    ma n a n d n a t u r a ll y i t fr i ght en e d a w a y the l i tt l e w o rk m a n
    , , , H e r et u r n e d .

    n e x t d a y o n l y to s ee the h u g e bi rd fl i n g o v e r th e s p o t c r oa k i n g He a l so
    , y , .

    s a w the gr e a t m o n s t e r d og K u il io loa M y Lo n g Do g r un n i n g a b o u t th e - - -
    , , ,

    h e i a u T h es e e v il o men s c a u s ed the Men eh un e to b e li e v e th a t the h ei a u


    .

    w a s p o ll u t e d so he g a v e u p h is w o rk
    , .

    O n e d a y a s the M e n e h u n e w e r e b a th i n g a t Lu ma ha i o n e o f th em
    , ,

    c a u ght a l a rg e u l u a The fi s h t r i e d to e s c a p e b u t the l i tt l e m a n s tr u gg l ed


    .
    ,

    b r a v el y a n d fi n a ll y k ill e d i t The m a n w a s so b a d l y w ou n d e d h ow ev e r
    , .
    , ,

    th a t his bl oo d fl o w e d o v e r the s p ot a n d t u r n ed the ea rth a n d s t o n e s r e d ,


    .

    T h i s p l a c e is s t ill ca ll e d Ka a le le fr om the n a m e o f the w o u n d e d m a n - - -


    ,
    .

    Weli a bo w l egge d d ee p v o i c e d Men eh u n e k on oh ik i k i n g s s her ifl o r


    '
    ’
    - - - '

    , , ,

    e x ec u t o r is r e m em b e r e d a s a n a gr i c u l t u r i s t
    ,
    O n the p l a i n o f Lu ma ha i he .

    p l a n t e d b r ea d fr u i t trees w h i c h a re th e re to th i s d ay T h ey w e r e c a ll ed , .

    Na u l u a W e li a ft e r the M e n eh u n e
    - - -
    ,
    .

    The s m a l l e x p l o r e r s soo n f o u n d th e i r w a y to the h ea d o f the Lu ma ha i


    V a ll ey w h e n c e th ey c ro s se d o v e r to Wa i n i h a
    ,
    T h e r e th ey f ou n d a n .

    i mm e n s e roc k o n e s i d e o f w h i c h w a s gr a y a n d the oth e r bl a c k T h i s th ey


    , ,
    .
    Ric e— H a w a iia n L egen d s 39

    h ew e d i n t o the s h a p e o f a p oi bo a rd a n d p l a ce d i t n ea r the f a ll s o f th e
    o ut ,

    Lu ma ha i R i v e r To th i s d a y the w i o r fr e s h w a t e r s h ell fi s h c o m e o u t
    .
    , ,
    —
    ,

    on the gr a y s i d e in the d a y t i m e a n d on the bl ac k s i d e a t n i ght


    -
    Ev en
    , .

    no w n o w o m a n c a n s ucce s s f u ll y fi s h th e r e u n l e s s s he w ea r s a c e rt a i n l e i

    o f s hr e dd e d ti l ea v es o r b r ea k s o f f tw o l e h u a b r a n c h es c r y i n g to th e ,

    K a pa a a s she thro w s o n e to the ma u ka s i d e o r t o w a rd s the m ou n t a i n s


    , ,

    a n d o n e to the m a k a i s i d e o r t o w a rd the sea Pa n a a n a a g i v e u s


    “
    - - - -
    , ,

    l uc k ! I f a m a n fi s h es th e r e he fi r s t thr ow s two s m a ll s t on es i n to the


    ”
    ,

    w a t e r a s k i n g fo r s u cc e s s
    , .

    The x t n o c t u r n a l en t e rpr i se o f th ese l i tt l e m en w a s to s p a n the r i v e r


    ne

    w i th a b r i dge o f fl a t s t o e s b u t fr e s h e t s h a v e s i c e r emo v e d a ll t r a c e s
    n ,
    n

    o f th i s w o rk .

    D u r i n g th e i r s t ay a t Lu m a ha i on e o f the M en eh u n e w ho w a s s k ill ed
    in s t on e c a rv i n g tr i e d to esca p e b y c l i m bi g u p the c l i ff s t ow a rd s Wa i a
    , n

    l ea l e The k on ohik i s en t his m en to c a pt u r e him T h ey o v e rto o k h i m a t


    . .

    a b o u t the m i dd l e o f the c li ff a n d the u s u a l p u n i s h m en t w a s m e t e d ou t to


    ,

    h i m his b o d y w a s t u r n e d i n t o s t on e a n d p l a c e d o n the s p o t w h e r e he w a s
    —

    ca pt u r e d I t i s th e r e t o d a y a h u ge s t on e in the f o rm o f a m a n w i th a
    .
    ,

    gr ay bo d y a n d a w h i t e h ea d The p a th the p u r s u e r s foll ow e d z i gz a gs u p


    .

    the s t e e p pa li to the s t o n e w h i c h i s c a ll e d M a i n a k e ha u the M a n O u t


    ,
    - - - — -
    ,
    -

    o f Br ea th
    -
    .

    The M ene h u n e th en w e n t o n to Wa i n i h a w h e r e th ey p l a c e d a s to n e ,

    in the m i dd l e o f the r i dge l ea v i n g s uc h a n a rr o w s p a c e to p a s s th a t in


    ,

    a ft e r y ea r s the H a w a i i a n s h a d to h o l d o n to th e s t on e a n d ma k e th em ,

    s el v es a s s m a ll a s p o s s ibl e in o rd e r to e dg e a ro u n d i t S o the s to n e b e .

    ca m e k n o w n a s the H u n gr y S t o n e I n the W a i n i h a R i v e r a fla t st on e
    “
    .

    w a s p l a c e d w h i c h r ea c h e s fr o m b a n k to b a n k a n d p a rt o f w h i c h is a l w a ys ,

    a b o ve w a t e r .

    H u rr y i g o to the to p o f K ilo h a n a the M e e h u n e b u il t o n the p l a i n


    n n ,
    n

    th e re a l i tt l e h il l a bo u t ten f eet h i gh c a ll e d Po po p ii T h e r e th ey a m us e d - -
    .

    th e m sel v e s b y r o ll i n g d o w its s l o p e s T h ey m a d e so m u c h n o i s e a t th i s
    n .

    s p o rt th a t th e bi rd s a t K a h u k u o n O ah u w e r e fr i ght e n e d , , .

    K a u k i u k i the A gr y o n e a M en e h u n e d ec l a r e d th a t he c ou l d go
    - - - -
    ,
    n -
    , ,

    to the top o f th i s b ill a n d c a t c h the l e g s o f th e m o o n T h i s bo a s t w a s .

    r i d i c u l e d a n d w h en he w a s u n a bl e to c a rry i t o u t he w a s t u r n ed i n t o
    , ,

    s t on e . T h i s s t on e w a s o ft en c o v e r e d w i th ma il e a n d l e h ua b ra n c h es b y the
    n a t i v es so th a t the r a i n a n d fo g w ou l d n o t pr e v en t th e i r c a rr y i n g ou t
    ,

    th e i r p l a n s .

    I n the v a ll ey o f La ih u l i the M e n e h u n e l i v e d fo r s o m e t i m e p l a n t i n g
    n ,

    i t w i th d i ffe ren t v a r i et i es o f p l a n t s w h i c h a r e s t ill th e re S ev e r a l t i m es .


    40 B e r ni ce P . B is hop il/I us e u m—
    -
    B ulletin

    Ha w a ii a n s t r i ed to s t ea l th e i r foo d a n d w e r e a l w a y s t u r n ed i t o s t on e o n
    ,
    n

    the s p o t w h e r e th ey w e r e o v e rt a k en .

    Aft e r th ey ha d b e en li v i n g in th i s v a ll ey for som e t i me th e k i ng f ou n d


    th a t m a n y o f his m en w e r e m a rry i n g Ha w a i i a n wo m en T h i s w o rr i e d .

    him gr ea t l y a s he w a s a n x i o u s to k ee p h is r a c e p u r e At l a s t he d ec i d e d .

    to l e a v e the i s l a n d s S u mm o n i n g his c o u n s el o r s his a s tro l o g e r s a n d his


    .
    , ,

    l ea d i n g me n h e t o l d th e m h is p l a n s
    ,
    T h ey a gr eed w i th th ei r k i n g a n d a
    .
    ,

    p roc l a m a t i o n w a s i s sued c a lli n g a ll the M en e h u e t og eth e r on the n i ght n

    o f th e f u ll m oo n .

    O n the a pp o i n t e d n i ght s u c h a c ro w d ga th e r e d on the p l a i n o f M a hi e - -

    th a t the v ege t a t io n th e r e w a s t r a m p l e d d ow n a n d the p l a c e to th i s d ay , , ,

    is b a rr e n .

    T h e re in th e moo n li ght the k i n g sa w a ll the M en eh u n e a n d th ei r fi r st


    , ,

    bo r n so n s a n d he a d dre s s e d th em w i th th ese w o rd s My p eo p l e you w h o m


    , ,
    “
    ,

    I l o v e I h a v e ca ll e d y ou t o g eth e r to e x p l a i n m y p l a n s fo r l ea v i n g th i s
    ,

    i s l a n d I d es i r e th a t w e k eep ou r r a c e d i s t i n c t fr o m o th e r s a n d in o rd e r
    .
    ,

    to d o th i s w e m u s t go to o th e r l a n d s Y o u m us t l e a v e b eh i n d yo u yo u r .
    ,

    w i v e s c ho se n fr o m the H a w a i i a n r a c e Y ou m a y t a k e w i th y o u o n l y yo u r .

    o l d e r s on s The f oo d w e h a v e p l a n t e d in th i s v a ll ey i s r i p e
    . It s h a ll b e .

    l e ft fo r yo u r w i v e s .
    ”

    A s so o n a s the k i n g ha d fi n i s h e d s p e a k i n g a m a n c a ll e d M o h i k i a s a i d ,
    - - -
    ,

    We h a v e h ea rd yo u r w o rd s O Ki n g I h a v e m a rr i e d a Ha w a ii a n w om a n
    , .

    a n d w e h a v e a s o n gr o w n to m a n h o o d I h a v e t a u ght him a ll the s k ill .

    I p o s sess in m a k i n g s t o n e a n d k oa c a o e s H e c a n p o li s h th em a s w ell a s
    n .

    he w th e m o u t I b e g yo u to t a k e him in m y p l a c e
    . He h o l d s in his r i ght .

    h a n d the s t on e a d z fo r m a k i n g s to n e c a n oe s a n d in his l e ft h a n d the a d z ,

    fo r ko a c a n o es I h a v e ha d m i ght y s tr en gth
    . No s t o n e w a s too l a rg e fo r .

    m e to mo v e No tr ee w a s too t a l l fo r me to c u t d o w n a n d m a k e i n t o a
    .
    ,

    c a n oe . M y s on ha s s t r en gth a s I h a v e ha d T a k e him in m y p l a c e If a t
    , . .

    a n y t i m e yo u n ee d m e se n d a m es se n g e r fo r m e
    , M y so n c a n b e th a t .

    m e s s e ge r H e ha s b e en t a u ght to r u n
    ”
    n . .

    H a v i n g h e a r d th i s r e q ue s t Ki i la m i k i the s p ea k e r o f the M e n e h u n e
    ,
    - - -
    . ,

    r o s e a n d a n s w e re d in th i s ma n n e r : Y o u w ho b eg to b e l e ft b e h i n d to l i v e
    “

    w i th you r H a w a i i a n w i f e l i s t en ! T h a t w om a n h a s o n l y l a t e l y c om e i n t o
    ,

    yo u r li f e The k i n g ha s a l w a y s b een in you r li f e


    . We s ee yo u r fi r st bo r n .
    -

    th e r e b u t n o n e o f u s h a v e s een him w o rk a n d w e d o no t k o w w h a t he
    , ,
    n

    ca n d o . Y o u s a y th a t y ou h a v e t a u ght h im a ll you k n o w in c a n o e b u il d i n g ,

    b u t we h a v e n e v e r se e n h im w o rk We d o n o t k n o w th a t he c a n t a k e
    .

    y o u r p l ac e W e a
    . l l f ee l th a t y o u m u s t go w i th u s .

    T h es e w o r d s w e r e ec h oed b y a gr ea t c h o r u s fro m the c ro w d : He


    s h a ll n o t s t a y ! He s h a ll go !
    ”
    Be r ni ce P . B is hop M us e u m — B u lletin

    w h i c h w e r e m a d e b y r i pp i n g a t i l ea f p a rt a w a y a l on g the m i dd l e r i dge ,

    a nd ro lli n g o v e r the t o r n p i ec e T hro u gh th i s th ey bl e w v a ry i n g the


    .
    ,

    so u n d b y fi n g e r i n g O th e r s p l a ye d c r u d e s tr i n ge d i n s t r u m en t s o f p l i a bl e
    .

    bl a c k ha u w o o d w i th s tr i n g s o f t ou gh oIo n a fi be r s T h e s e c a ll e d ke k e - .
    , u ,

    th ey h e l d in th e i r m ou th s a n d t w a n ged the s tr i g s w i th th e i r fi n ge r s
    ,
    n ,
    .

    S t i ll o th e r s b e a t d r u m s o f s h a rk s k i n s tr e t c h e d t a u t o v e r the en d s o f
    ,

    h o l l ow tr ee t r u n k s .

    Wh en a ll w a s a rra n ged o r d e r s w e r e g i v en fo r s t a rt i n g the fo ll o w i n g


    ,

    n i ght .

    At the a pp o i n t ed t i m e the Men e h un e set fo rth M a n y o b s tr u c t i on s .

    w e r e fo un d b u t eac h d i v i s i o n d i d its w o rk o f c u tt i n g c l e a r i n g a n d s w ee p , ,

    in g the p a th T h ey a l so p l a n t ed w il d t a r o y a m s a n d o th e r foo d pr o d uc i n g
    .
    , ,
    —

    p l a n t s a ll a l on g the w a y Aft e r th ey ha d c l i m b e d to the top o f the m ou n


    .

    t a i n th ey e n c a m p e d a t a p l a c e c a ll ed K a n a loa b u l u b u l u the Ha i ry D ev il
    ,
    -
    ,
    —
    ,

    a n d s en t m en b a c k to fi s h .

    I t h a pp en ed th a t w h il e th ey w e r e r e s t i n g th e r e o n e o f the c h i e f es s es ,

    Ha n a k a p ia i g a v e bi rth to a c h il d
    , Wh en the c h i l d w a s a w ee k ol d the
    .

    m o th e r d i e d H e r b o d y w a s t u r n e d i n t o s to n e a n d a v a ll ey w as n a m e d
    .
    ,

    a ft e r he r . A few d a y s l a t e r a n o th e r c h i e fes s H a n ak ea o s t epp e d on a , ,

    s t o n e w h i c h r o ll e d d o w n i n t o the n e x t v a ll ey h u r li n g he r to d ea th
    , Tha t , .

    v a ll ey b ea r s the n a m e o f the u n fo rt un a t e o n e A s th ese wo m en ha d b een .

    d ea r l y l o v e d the k i n g o rd e r e d a p e r i o d of m ou r n i n g w h i c h w a s to l a s t
    ,

    s i x t y d a ys . D u r i n g th a t t i m e no s p o rt s w e r e to b e i n d u l ge d in .

    A ll the fi s h e rm en w e re s en t b a c k to Ha en a to fi sh T h e r e th ey foun d .

    a gr e a t m a n y s m a ll fi s h s o m a n y in f a c t
    ,
    th a t th ey c o u l d not c a rry a ll ,
    .

    So th ey t o o k p a rt o f th e c a t c h a n d l e ft th em o n the p l a i n , ea r th e pol i ,
    n .

    Wh en th ey re t u r n e d w i th the r em a i d e r o f the fi s h th ey s a w th a t the a k ua


    n ,

    ha d s to l en a l l the fi r s t h a l f a n d ha d d i s a pp ea r ed th r o u gh a h o l e in the
    ,

    m oun t a i n . The fi s h e rm e n d i v i d e d i n t o tw o gr o u p s o n e f o ll o w i n g the ,

    th i e v es i n t o the h o l e a d the o th e r b eg a n d i gg i n g a c a v e n ea r the s upposed


    ,
    n

    o u t l e t o f the h o l e I n a s h o rt t i m e a h u g e ca v e w a s d u g a n d th en th ey
    .
    ,

    c a m e u p o n the o ff en d i n g a k n a w ho w e r e pro m pt l y p u t to d e a th T h i s d ry .

    c a v e is s t ill to b e s e e n a t Ha e n a a n d the n a t i v es c a ll i t M a n in iho lo


    , a ft e r ,

    the h ea d fi s h e r m a n o f the M e n e h u n e o r K a h a u a fr o m th e s m e ll o f the ,


    n ,

    d ea d b od i es o f the a k a n .

    Wh en a t l a s t the s i xt y d a y s o f m o u r n i n g w e r e en d e d the k i n g o rd e re d ,

    the i la mo k n the m a r s h a l to pr oc l a i m a bi g f ea s t to b e f o l l o w e d b y s po rt s
    , ,

    o f m a ny k i n d s .

    So m e o f th e se w e r e : s p i n i n g t op s o r o Io hu m a d e o f s m a ll go u rd s o r
    n ,
    -
    ,

    k uk u i n ut s or so m e t i m e s c a rv ed o f w il i w il i w oo d b o xi n g w r es tl i n g a n d
    , , , ,

    s i m il a r g a m es s uc h a s mna o r k la k u l a i T h i s w a s p l a ye d b y the two


    ,
    n .
    Ric e— H a w a iia n L egen d s 43

    o pp on en t s s tre t c h i n g a t f u ll l en gt h fa c e do w n o n the gr o u n d w i th th e i r , , ,

    h ea d s t o ge th e r a n d th e i r b o d i es in opp os i t e d i r ec t io n s Ea c h l ean e d o n
    ,
    .

    h is r i ght e lb o w a n d gr a s p e d the o th e r s r i ght h a n d fi rm l y T h en eac h ’


    .
    , ,

    tr i e d to t w i s t the oth e r s a r m ba c k u n t il the b a c k o f his opp on en t s h an d


    ’

    ,
    ’

    t ouch ed the gro u n d mea n t i m e k eep i n g his ow n b o d y flat o n the gro u n d


    ,
    .

    T h i s ga me cou l d b e p l a y e d w i th the l e ft h a n d a s w e ll a s w i th the r i ght ,


    .

    T h ey a l s o p l a yed mo i /ea a g a m e r es e m bli n g d i s c u s t hrow i n g p l a ye d


    , ,

    w i th e v e n l y r ou n d e d p e rf ec t l y b a l a n c e d s to n e s fr o m tw o to e i ght i n c h e s
    -
    , ,

    a c r o s s a n d th i c k e r in the m i d d l e th a n o
    ,
    the e dg e O n K a ua i the i n ai ka n .

    w e r e m a d e o f bl a c k s t o n e b u t o n the o th e r i s l a n d s th ey w e r e g e n e r a l l y o f
    ,

    s a n d s t on e
    -
    T h ey w e r e a l w a y s h i gh l y po li s h e d The n a ik a w e r e thro w n
    . . z

    to s e e ho w fa r th ey w ou l d go b u t s om e t i m e s th e m en w o u l d r a ce w i th ,

    the ma ik a .

    A no th e r ga m e th ey p l a ye d w a s k e a pn a in w h i c h th ey to o k the s tr a i ght ’
    —
    ,

    s h a ft s o f th e s u g a r c a n e t a s s e l s a n d s h o t th e m l i k e a rro w s fro m a w h i p
    -
    ,

    li k e c on tr i v a n c e T h i s w a s m a d e o f a s t i c k a bo u t thr ee f eet lo n g w i th a
    .
    ,

    s tr i n g fi v e or s ix fee t l on g a tt a c h e d The en d o f th i s s tr i n g d ou bl e d
    , .
    ,

    ov e r , w a s f o l d e d a r o u n d the s h a ft a d the r em a i n d e r w o u n d a r ou n d ,
    n

    s moo th l y a n d e v en l y so a s n o t to ca t c h , The s h a ft w a s l a i d o n the .

    groun d w i th the p o i n t a li tt l e ra i se d a n d th en w h i pp e d o ff I f i t w a s
    , , .

    w e ll b a l a n c ed i t flew se v e r a l h u n dr e d f e e t The p e r s o n w h os e k e a pn a
    ’
    - -
    , .

    s h o t f u rth e s t w o n a n d he k ept hi s a rr o w w h i c h w a s ca ll e d H ia p a i o le
    , , ,
    — -
    ,

    the Arr o w w h i c h c o u ld m o t b e B ea t e n
    - - - —
    .

    The q ueen s f a vo r i t e g a m e w a s pn hen e h e ne T h i s w a s p l a ye d b y p l a c i n g


    ’
    .

    fi v e p il e s o f t a p a o n the gro u n d A li tt l e fla t s to n e c a ll e d the n oa w a s.


    , ,

    h i dd en in o n e o f the p il e s w h il e the opp o en t w a t c h e d the n i mbl e fi n ge r s


    ,
    n

    a d m o v e m e n t s o f th e a r m m u sc l e s o f h is r i v a l
    n T h en he ha d to g ues s .

    un de r w h ich p i le i t wa s h i d d e a n d p o i t his s t i c k a t i t Th e q u een u s ua ll y


    n, n .

    w on fr om the k i n g l a u gh i n g a t h im th u s g i v i g the g a me its n a m e w h i c h


    , , n ,

    m ea n s j ee r i n g
    “
    .
    ”

    A n o th e r s p o rt w a s the tug o f w a r Wh en o e s i d e w a s a b ou t to b e - -
    . n

    b e a t en o th e r s j u m p e d in a n d h e l p e d th e m O the n i n th a d t en th n i ght s
    , , . n n

    o f th e i r c el e b r a t i o n the M en eh u n e ha d foo t r a c e s I n th e s e tw o M en e —
    .

    h u n e ra c e d a t a t i me The two l a s t to r a c e w e r e P a k i a a n d Lu h a n T h e s e
    . .

    w e r e k n o w n to b e s o s w i ft th a t th ey co u l d run a ro u n d K a u a i s ix t i m e s in
    o e d ay
    n P a k i a w o n the r ac e b ea t i n g L u h a n b y thr e e f a tho m s The p eo
    .
    , .

    pl e s t o o d u p a n d c h e e r e d w h e n the d e c i s i o n w a s g i v e n a n d p i c k e d u p the ,

    c ha mp i o a n d ca rr i ed h i m o n th e i r s h o u l d e r s
    n, .

    The n e x t n i ght th ey w e r e to h a v e s l e d r a c e s T hey w e r e to r a c e d o w n .

    the s t ee p h ill s i d e o f a l i tt l e v a ll ey th a t l e a d s i n t o H a n a k a p ia i
    —
    I f the c o u r s e ,

    fo r the r aces w a s n o t s li pp e r y en o u gh th ey c o v e r e d i t w i th v e r y fi n e r us h es ,
    44 B er n ice P . B is hop M ns e zm r — B u l l e tin

    to m a k e the li d e ea s il y a n d s w i ft l y The fir s t to ra c e w er e Pa huk u


    l
    s ed s s .

    a n d Po h a ha The s l e d o f P a h uk u t i pp e d a n d he w a s thr ow n o ff s o P0
    .
    , ,

    h a h a r ea c h e d the g oa l fir s t a n d w on the r a ce The ne x t r a ce w a s b et w een


    , .

    tw o w o m e n w ho w e r e no t e d fo r th e i r s k i ll K a p a i a n d M u k e a K a pa i ’ ’

    , , , .

    w o n th i s r a c e a n d M u k ea j o i n e d in c h e e r i n g he r o pp o n en t
    , Nex t c a m e .

    a r a ce b e t w e en Mo h ihi the q uee n a n d Ma n u a c h i e f ,


    M oh ihi w o n b y , , .
    ,

    o n l y h a l f a l en gth a n d M a n u j o i n ed in th e a pp l a u s e
    , The k i n g a n d a l l .

    the c h i e f s w e r e v e r y m uc h p l e a se d th a t th e q u een h a d w o n th e r a c e It .

    w a s a gr ea t th i n g fo r he r to b e a t M a n u fo r he w a s s u pp os e d to b e the ,

    c h a m p i o n o f a ll the M ene h u n e p e o p l e T h a t w a s th e l a s t o f the ra ce s . .

    T h en the f a th er o f M a nu c a m e to the k i n g a n d s u gg es t e d th a t th ey ,

    m a k e a bi g p il e o f s t o n es a t th i s s p o t a s a m on u m e n t T h en a ll the , .

    M en ehu n es c l a pp e d th e i r h a n d s a n d a gr ee d to d o s o T h e r e w a s gr ea t , .

    r ej o i c i n g a mo n g th em a n d s o th ey b u il t u p a h u ge p il e o f s to n e s w h i c h
    , ,

    th ey fi n i s h e d j u s t a t d a yb r ea k T h en the M en e h u n e l e ft th a t p l a c e a n d
    .
    ,

    tr a v e l e d o n th e i r w a y .

    TH E S O T RY O F OL A

    A s w e h a ve l rea d y b een t o l d the k i n g o f the K e n a m u o n K a ua i a


    a ,
    - — -

    m a n o k a l a n i po w a s K u a l u n u i p a u k u mo k u m ok u B i g K ua l u o f the
    - — -
    ,
    - — - -
    ,
    - - —

    Br ok en Rop e Wh il e he w a s li v i n g in Wa i m ea he met a n d f ell in l o v e w i th


    -
    .
    ,

    a b ea u t i f u l pr i n c e s s K u ha p uo la w ho ha d co m e fr o m Pe a p ea a b o v e H a n a
    , , ,

    p ep e o n the Wa i m ea s i d e At l en gth a ft e r h a v i n g s p en t m a n y h a ppy d a ys


    , .
    ,

    w i th he r the k i n g d ec i d e d to r e t u r n to his k i n g l y d u t i e s a t K ek a h a
    ,
    He .

    c a ll e d the l o v e l y g i r l to his s i d e a n d g a v e h e r h is ma l o a n d l ei pall a oa ,


    a ,

    n ec k l a c e o f m a n y b r a i d e d s tr a n d s o f h u m a n h a i r f a s t e n e d b y a h oo k e d ,

    i v o ry o r n a m e n t T h i s co u l d b e w o r n o n l y b y h i gh c h i e f s a n d w a s o n e o f
    .
    ,

    th e s i g n s o f r oy a l t y H e t o l d he r th a t i f a b oy w e r e b o r n to he r s he
    .
    ,

    s h o u l d n a m e h i m a ft e r the k i n g s f a m il
    y b u t i f a g i r l w e r e b o r n s he m i gh t
    ’
    , ,

    s e l ec t the n a me h e r s e l f .

    A ft e r a t i m e the pr i n c es s g a v e bi rth to a b oy w h o m s he c a ll e d K ua l u ,

    n u i a s s h e ha d b een t o l d
    , A s the c h i l d gr ew ol d e r he b eca me v e r y m is
    .

    c hie v o u s h ea d s t r on g H e r e fu se d to r e ga rd the ka pu o f the ka h u n a


    and -
    .
    .

    a n d w a s a l w a y s in tr ou bl e .

    At o e t i m e the p eo p l e ha d g a th e r e d to ma k e a ka he o r fi sh tr a p in the
    n -

    M a k a w el i R i v e r to c a t c h the f i s h w h i c h the fr e s h e t w o u l d c a rr y d ow n .

    An o rd e r w a s i s s u e d th a t n o o n e w a s to t ouc h the k a h e u n t il the


    k a h u a ha d r e m o v e d the k a p
    n B u t the b oy d i s r ega r d ed th i s o rd e r a n d a te
    u .

    o f the fi s h th a t h a d b e e n c a u ght I n gr e a t a n g e r th e ka hu n a ca u ght h im . ,

    a n d t oo k h i m to K e k a h a w h e r e h e w a s t r i e d th e fo ll o w i n g d a y b e f o r e

    the k i n g .
    46 B er n i c e P . B is hop M us e u m — B u lle tin

    La t e r , O la s en t the M ene h u n e to b u il d
    h ei a u a t the m o u th o f the
    a

    Wa il u a R i v e r , w h i c h w a s to b e c a ll ed Ha u o l a a ft e r the f a m ou s c i ty o f
    ,

    re f u ge of fa th e r a t K ek a h a
    his .

    The M e n e h u n e e n c a m p ed a b o v e H a e a o n the fl a t s w h i c h th ey c a ll e d
    n

    K a n a loa h u l u h u l u At O l a s r e q u es t th ey p l a n t e d t a r o on the c li ffs o f


    ’
    — -
    .

    Ka la la u w h e r e i t is s t il l gro w i n g
    ,
    B e t w een Ka la la u a n d Wa i m ea th ey
    .

    b u il t a bi g i mn ca ll e d K a pu a hi a O l a a n d the Fi r e S a c r e d to O la
    ,
    - -
    ,
    - - -
    .

    O la w a s e v e r th i n k i n g o f i mpr ov em en t s fo r his p eo p l e a n d his f a i thf u l ,

    l a bo re r s the Men eh un e ca rr i e d th em ou t M a n y roa d s w e r e b u il t b y


    , , .

    th em O n e w a s a r oa d o f s h o rt s t i c k s thr ou gh the s w a mp s o f A l a k a i from


    .

    Wa i m ea to the h ei ght s a bo v e Wa i n i h a T h i s ro a d is s t ill the on l y p a th


    .

    a c ro s s the o th e r w i s e i mp a s s a bl e s w a mp .
    R ice— H a w a iia n L egen d s 47

    THE B IRD MAN

    A L EGE ND OF K A UA I
    La h i , or La u ha k a as he is s ome t i mes ca ll ed li v e d
    , in Wa i n i h a v a ll ey .

    F ro m c h il dh oo d he ha d r e f u s e d to ea t a n y foo d b u t the m ea t o f bi rd s A s .

    he gr ew o l d e r the m ea t o f s m a ll bi rd s w ou l d n ot sa t i s f y him a n d so hi s ,

    unc le ,
    K a n ea lo hi the S l o w M a n t o o k him to the to p o f K ilo ha n a w h e r e
    ,
    -
    , ,

    the n w a n n es t e d T h es e n w a n w ere a b o u t the s i z e o f c h i c k en s T h ey


    ’ ’
    . .

    w e r e gra y f ea th e r ed w i th w h i t e b r ea s t s w i th b e a k s li k e th o se o f s e a g u ll s
    -
    , ,
    -
    .

    D a yl i ght bli n d e d th em a n d th o u gh th ey w e r e grea t fi s h e r s th ey a l w a ys


    , ,

    r et u r n e d to th e i r n es t s in the m o u n t a i n s b e f o r e d a w n T h e i r n a m e c om e s .

    fr o m the so u n d o f th e i r c a ll o r c r oa k W h il e th ey w e r e in the ,

    mo u n t a i n s the un c l e a n d bo y ma d e bi r d s n es t s so th a t the n w a n w ou l d
    ,
    ’

    ,
    ’

    b e w e ll c a r e d fo r .

    Wh i l e th ey w e r e li v i n g th e r e a g i a n t c a m e w ho t o re the n es t s a n d
    ,

    tr i e d to k ill the men The bo y p l a n n ed to get r id o f th ei r t o rm en t o r a n d


    .
    ,

    e x p l a i n e d his p l a n to h is u n c l e in th es e w o rd s I sha ll d i g a l o n g h o l e
    “
    ,

    in the m ou n t a i n Y o u c r a w l i n t o i t dr a ggi n g w i th yo u b y its t a il a bi rd


    .
    , , , .

    Wh en the g i a n t r ea c h es fo r the bi rd yo u dr a w i t a l i tt l e f u rth e r i n Wh en, .

    the gi a n t is th us c a u ght in the h ol e I s h a l l k ill h im The p l a n w a s c a rr i e d


    ”
    .

    ou t a n d the g i a n t w a s p u t to d e a th
    , .

    B u t in the m ea n t i m e the k i n g ha d h ea rd th a t the b o y a n d his u n c l e


    , ,

    w e r e d es tro y i n g the n e s t s o f the n w a u S o th e r e w a s m o r e t ro u bl e in


    ’
    .

    s t o r e fo r th em fo r he ha d g a th e r e d t og e th e r f ou r h u n d r e d so l d i e r s to d o
    ,

    b a tt l e w i th the tw o bi rd c a t c h e r s on K iloha n a
    -
    .

    No w La h i a n d his u n c le ha d m ov e d to the h ea d o f a v e r y n a rr o w v a ll ey
    '

    thr o u gh w h i c h flo w e d a s m a ll s tr ea m I f a n y on e s t epp e d i n to th i s strea m .

    a t a n y p l a c e in its co u r s e th e w a t e r a t th e s ou r c e w ou l d r i pp l e
    , I n th i s .

    w a y a w a r n i n g o f the co m i n g o f fr i en d o r foe w a s a l w a y s g i v en a n d i f ,

    th ey w e r e ea t i n g bi r d s the b oy w ou l d c a ll T ea r the bi r d K a n ea lo hi the


    , ,
    “
    , ,

    w a t e r i s r i pp l i n g .

    O n e d a y a s t hey w e r e ro a s t i n g bi r d s the b o y s a w th e w a t e r r i pp l i n g
    , . ,

    a n d c a ll e d o u t h is w a r n i n g The u n c l e a t fi r s t r ep li e d th a t n o o n e w a s
    .

    co m i n g b u t l oo k i n g a g a i n
    , he sa w the d a rk s h a d o w s in th e w a t e r
    , T h en .
    ,

    in a few m i n u t es th ey s a w the k i n g a n d his fo u r h u n d r e d m en a dv a n c i n g


    ,
    .

    I n d es p a i r K a n ea lo hi c a s t h i m s e l f o v e r the c l i ff b u t a s h e w a s fa ll i n g
    , , , ,

    th e b oy c a u ght h im a n d p u t h im b e h i n d h im o u t o f s i ght .

    The p a s s w a s s o n a rr o w th a t o n l y on e m a n co u l d a sce n d a t a t i m e .

    An d so the bo y k i l l e d the s o l d i e r s on e b y o n e a s th ey a tt em pt e d to co m e
    , ,

    up , u n t il the fo u r h u n dr e d w e r e th r o w n o v e r the c l i ff The l a s t on e to .


    48 B er n ic e P . B is ho p M n s eu m —
    B ul letin

    co m e u p w a s the k i n g He r eco gn iz e d the b oy a s his o w n so n a n d b e gged


    .
    ,

    “
    G i v e me l ife in the n a m e o f yo u r m o th e r ! ”

    La h i th e r e f o r e s p a r e d his l i f e The k i n g th a n k ed him w i th th ese


    .

    w o rd s I w ill r et u r n to W a i m ea a n d th e r e b u il d a h o u s e fo r yo u Wh en
    “
    .
    ,

    i t is fi n i s h e d I s h a ll sen d fo r you to co m e to m e
    ,
    .
    ”

    R et u r n i n g to Wa i m ea the k i n g o rd e r e d his men to d ig a v er y d eep


    ,

    h ol e O v e r i t he ha d th em e rec t a n obl o n g s h a pe d h ou se w i th o n l y o n e
    .
    ,
    -

    e n tr a n c e . T h en h e s tret c h e d a m a t o v e r the ho l e a n d s e a t e d his s u bj ec t s


    ,

    a l l a r ou n d the e dg e s to h o l d i t t a u t T h i s do n e he s en t for his son w h os e


    .
    , ,

    d ea th he w a s s ee k i n g .

    A s the bo y dr e w n ea r the e n tr a n c e h is f a th e r fr om w i th i n the h o u se


    , , ,

    c a ll e d to h i m to e n t e r . S us p i c i ou s La h i th r u s t h is s p ea r thro u gh the m a t
    ,

    a n d d i s c o v e r e d the tr ea c h e r y S o q u i c k l y c lo s i n g the d o o r he s et fi r e
    .
    , ,

    to th e h ous e a n d d es tro y e d his t r eac h e r o u s f a th e r a n d a l l his f a i th l es s


    ,

    s u bj ec t s. T h en La h i b ec a m e k i n g .
    50 B er n ice P . B is hop M i i s e um
    - r — B u lleti n

    A o th e r t i me the tw o boy s w en t fi s h i n g I he \Vi se O n e t o l d The


    n .
    ' ‘
    - -

    S t u p i d O n e th a t a ll the fi s h w i th two ey es b e l o g e d to him


    -
    n A ll the fi sh .

    w i th o n e eye The S t u p i d O n e c ou l d h a v e
    ,
    - -
    The S t u p i d O n e g a v e a ll the
    .
    - -

    fi s h he ca u ght to h is b ro th e r a s th ey ha d h is m a rk
    , S o The Wi se O n e
    .
    - -

    ha d a bi g p il e o f fi s h . B u t a t l a s t The S t u p i d O n e ca u ght a fi s h fr o m the


    - -

    d eep s e a th a t ha d o n l y o n e eye S o he ha d s o m eth i n g to t a k e h o m e


    . .
    Rice— H a w ai ia n L egen d s 51

    K AM A PUAA

    A LEG END OF KA UA I
    K a map ua a ca m e to K ip u k a i, on the so u th ea s t c oa s t of K aua i ,
    in the
    fo rm of a l a rg e fi s h c a ll e d b y the H a w a i i a n s hn m n hmn n a—pn aa T h i s is —
    .

    a bl a c k fi s h w i th a l o n g s n o u t l i k e th a t o f a ho g
    ,
    A s soo n a s Ka ma p ua a .

    ha d l a n d e d a t Po i n t Ki p u ik e he c h a n ge d h i m s e l f i n t o a ho g a n d r oo t e d
    -
    ,

    in the s a n d to get a dr i n k o f w a t e r At lo w t i d e fr es h w a t e r is s t ill to b e


    .

    fo u n d a t Poi n t Ki p u ik e -
    .

    Aft e r K a ma p ua a h a d r es t e d a w h il e he tr i e d to c li m b a s ma ll s t eep
    , ,

    f n e a r by b u t w a s u n a bl e to d o so
    c li f ,
    When d a rk n es s h i d h i m he a te a ll
    .
    ,

    the s w ee t po t a t oes a n d s u ga r c a n e b e l on g i n g to th e n a t i v es T h e n he
    '

    -
    .

    c r o s s e d o v e r to a bi g r oc k on the s i d e o f the h ill to the w e s t a n d la y ,

    d o w n to s l ee p .
    _

    Wh en the n a t i v es w a k en ed in the m o r n i n g th ey fo un d th e i r su ga r c a n e ,
    -

    a n d po t a t o es g o n e S e e i n g in the fi e l d s the tr a c k s o f a l a rg e hog th e y


    .
    ,

    fo llo w e d th e m w i th th e i r d o g s un t il th ey c a me u p on the hog fa s t a s l eep ,


    .

    T h ey q u i ckl y t i e d his feet t o g eth e r w i th s tr on g ro p es He w a s so l a rg e .

    th a t t w en t y men ha d to c a rry him to the v ill a ge w h e r e th ey prep a r ed a n ,

    i m n in w h i c h to c oo k h im .

    Wh en the i rn n w a s red ho t the m en b r o u ght a rop e to s t r a n gl e th e i r


    ,

    v i c t i m Th en the hog s t ret c h e d h i m se l f b r e a k i n g the ro p es a n d wa l k e d


    .
    , ,

    a w ay a s a ma n The m en w e r e so a s to n i s h e d th a t th ey d i d n ot d a re to
    .

    fo ll ow Ev en in the fo rm o f a ma n Ka m a p u a a r et a i n e d s om e th i n g o f the
    .
    ,

    ho g A l tho u gh h is f a c e w a s v e r y h a n d so m e he s t ill ha d stifif bl a c k b r i s t l es


    .
    ,

    d o w n his ba c k How e v e r h e a l w a ys wo r e a c a p e to co v e r the b r i s t l es


    .
    ,
    .

    K a ma p u a a w en t on u n t il he c a m e to the h i dd en s pr i n g o f Kem a mo o v e r ,

    w h i c h two k n p n a k e pt w a t c h B e i n g th i r st y the s t r a n ge r a s k e d for w a t e r


    .
    ,
    .

    Wh en the k n pna r e f u se d to g i v e him a n y he t u rn ed h i m s el f i n to a hog ,

    a ga i n , a n d roo t e d i n the ea rth u n t il he f ou n d a s pr i n g T h en b e se iz e d .

    the k n pu a a n d thr e w th em a c r os s the v a ll e y w h e r e th e y w e r e t u r n e d i n t o ,

    two l a rge r oc k s w h i c h c a n b e s ee n to th i s d a y
    ,
    The w a t e r o f th i s s p r i n g .

    w a s v e ry fa m ou s fo r its s p a rk l e a n d in the o ld d a y s i t w a s t a k en in go u rd s
    , ,

    to th e o th e r i s l a n d s fo r s p ec i a l o cc a s i o n s .

    La t e r K a m a p u a a f ou n d a n o th e r s pr i n g in w h i c h he la y d o w n a n d
    , ,

    w e n t to s l e e p The w a t e r o f th i s s pr i n g is s t ill s o bi tt e r th a t n o a n i m a l
    .

    w ill dr i n k i t a n d i t is s t ill c a ll e d Wa i a k a p ua a the Wa t e r o f the Pig


    ,
    - - -
    ,
    — — -
    .

    Wh il e Ka ma p ua a w a s s l ee p i n g th e g i a n t Lim a loa Lon g Ar m fr o m


    , ,
    -
    ,

    K ek a h a s a w the h u ge c r ea t u r e l y i n g in the m u d a n d so he p ut his b a c k


    , ,

    to a l a rg e b o u l d e r to ro ll i t d ow n o n the ho g a n d c r us h h i m A s the s t o n e .
    52 B e r n ice
    - - P . B is hop M n s enn i —
    B nlle tin
    -

    ca m e ea r Ka ma pu a a a wo k e a n d thre w a s ma ll s t o n e u n d e r i t w h i c h
    n , ,

    w e d g e d the gr ea t b ou l d e r o n the h ill s i d e so th a t i t d i d n ot f a ll o n him , .

    T h ese s t on es ca n s t ill b e po i n t ed o ut o n the K ipuk a i tr a i l .

    T h en Lima lo a s a w th a t the o bj ec t he w a s try i n g to k ill w a s a m a n .

    H e ma d e fr i en d s w i th K a m a p ua a a n d to l d him th a t on the o th e r s i d e ,

    o f the r i dg e th e r e w e r e tw o b ea u t i f u l w o m en w h om he h a d b een c ou rt i n g
    , , .

    T h ey ha d r ej ec t ed his s u i t b ut s i n c e K a m a p u a a w a s so m u c h m o r e h a n d
    ,

    s om e he m i ght b e s ucc e s s f u l s h o u l d he a tt e m pt his fo rt u n e


    , .

    The two m en c r o s s e d fr om K ip u k a i o v e r the ga p o f K ema mo As , .

    th ey w e r e co m i n g do w n the h i ll on the Li h u e s i d e K a ma p u a a s l i d on a bi g ,

    r oc k ; the groo v e th a t his h oo f m a de c a n s t ill b e see n The fr i en d s sa w the , .

    two b ea u t i f u l s i s t e r s w a s h i n g th e i r f a c es a n d co m bi n g th e i r h a i r a t th e

    tw o c l e a r p oo l s l i k e b a s i n s c a ll e d K a w a i o k a p a k ilok ilo the Wa t e r s


    , ,
    - - — —
    ,

    w h e r e the I m a g e is R eflec te d
    - - -
    The po o l s w e r e in a l a rge r oc k o n the h ill
    -
    .

    s i d e a n d c a n s t il l b e s een a t th e l e ft o f w h e r e th e p a v e d t r a il b eg i n s .

    Ka m a p u a a s li d d o w n the s l o p e a n d s t a n d i n g w h e r e his r e fl ec t i o n c o u l d
    , ,

    b e s een b eg a n to s i n g
    , .

    The s i s t e r s w e r e gr e a t l y i m pr e s s e d b y the b ea u t i f u l r e fl ec t i o n i n the


    wat er .T h ey lo ok e d u p a n d s eei n g th e h a n d so m e s t ra n g e r th ey f el l in
    , ,

    l o v e w i th him a t fir s t s i ght a n d i n v i t ed him to go h o m e w i th th em , .

    Ka ma p u a a s a i d th a t h e wo u l d go w i th th e m i f his a k n a co u l d a c co m p a n y ,

    h im . To th i s the s i s t e r s g l a d l y c on s en t e d B u t w h en th ey s a w the r ej ec t e d .

    L im l o
    a t h y c r i e d T h a t m a n is no c h il d H e is the o n e w ho ha s b een
    a ,
    e , .

    a n n o y i n g u s b y h is a tt en t i o s a n d pr e s e n t s We d o n ot c a re fo r h im
    n . .

    Ho w e v e r K a m a p ua a w o u l d n o t go w i th o u t h is n e w fo u n d fr i e n d
    , So .
    ,

    in o r d e r to h a v e the h a d s o m e s tr a n ge r the s i s t e r s a ll o w e d Lim a lo a to


    n ,

    fo llo w to the ho m e o f th e i r b roth e r w ho w a s k i n g o f the Pu n a s i d e o f ,

    K a u a i T h i s s tr e t c h e d fro m K ipuk a i to A n a h o l a The k i n g s oon ga v e his


    . .

    s i s t e r s to K a m a p u a a i m a rr i a ge n .

    At th i s t i m e the P u a s i d e w a s e ga ged in a b a tt l e w i th the K on a s i d e


    n n ,

    w h i c h i c l u d e d a l l the c ou t r y fr o m K o l oa to M a n a
    n n K a ma p u a a w o u l d .

    w a i t in the h o u s e u n t i l a l l the m e n h a d go n e to the b a tt l efi el d T h en .


    ,

    a ft er h a v i n g m a d e a ll his b o d y i n v i s ibl e e x c e pt h is h a n d s w h i c h h el d a , ,

    c l u b he w o u l d f o ll o w the P u na m e n to b a tt l e
    , a n d s tr i k e the K o n a c h i e f s ,

    o n the h ea d F r om the d ea d c h i e f s he w o u l d t a k e th e i r f ea th e r c a p es a n d
    .

    h e l m et s T h en he w o l d r e t u r n ho m e a s a hog a n d d i rt y the floo r m a ts


    . u ,
    .

    Wh en the tw o b e a u t i f u l s i s t e r s ha d gon e do w n to the s trea m to w a s h the


    m a t s the ho g ha d b e f o u l e d Ka m a p ua a w o u l d h i d e the c a p es a n d h el m et s
    ,

    u n d e r the p n ei o r b ed s n w h i c h w e r e m a d e w i th fr a m e w o rk s o f l a u
    , ,

    ha la l o g s c o v e r ed w i th m a n y fi nel y w o v en m a t s
    ,
    G r a d ua ll y the pa n el-
    .
    54 Be r n i ce P
    ‘
    . B is hop M ns e mn u lIe ti n

    K A WELO O F K A UA I
    K a w elo the Wa v in g o f the Fl a g the gre at o pp on en t o f Ka ua ho a the
    ,
    - - -
    , ,

    g i a n t o f Ha n a l e i wa s the son o f M a i h un a a n d M a la ia k a la n i He w a s
    , .

    b o r n in Ha n a m a u l u K a ua i He ha d two o l d e r b ro th e r s o n e o l d er s i s t e r
    , .
    , ,

    a n d o n e yo u n g e r b r o th e r K a m a l a ma K a w e l o w a s s u c h a g oo d so n th a t
    , .

    he w a s k n ow n a s K a w e l o Lei M a k u a K a w e l o W ho Ch e r i s h e d His P a r en t s
    - -
    ,
    - - - -
    .

    The m a t e r n a l gr a n dp a r e n t s o f K a w e l o w e r e c e l eb r a t e d fo r th e i r s k ill
    in phr en o l o gy So w h en s t ill a s m a ll b oy K a w e l o w a s t a k en by his
    .

    p a ren t s to th em a n d th ey fo re t o l d th a t he w o u l d b e a goo d s ol d i e r a s tro n g


    , ,

    ma n a co n q ue r o r a so n w ho w o u l d b r i n g l i f e to th e i r b on e s
    , , .

    Wi s h i n g to c a re t e n d e r l y fo r s uc h a gr a n d s on his gra n dp a r en t s t ook ,

    h i m to l i v e w i th th e m a t Wa i l u a w h e re li v e d Aik a n a k a the yo un g p r i n ce , ,

    a n d K a ua hoa b oy s o f the s a me a ge a s K a w e l o w i th w h o m he p l ay e d
    , , .

    K a w e l o d ev e l o p e d a grea t a pp et i t e He w ou l d ea t the co n t en t s o f a n .

    im u o r o v en o f f oo d a t o n e t i m e
    , ,
    H is gr a n dp a r e n t s gr e w w e a r y o f tr y i n g
    .

    to sa t i s fy th i s h u ge a pp et i t e a n d s o th ey t r i ed to d i v e rt the b oy s m i n d
    ’
    .
    ,

    T h ey g a v e him a ca n oe to p a dd l e u p a n d d ow n the Wa il ua R i v e r .

    A s soo n a s Ka u a hoa s a w K a w e lo e n j oy i n g his c a n oe he m a d e a k i t e ,

    a n d fle w i t . At o n ce K a w e l o a s k e d his gra n dp a r en t s to m a k e h i m a k i t e So .

    the tw o b oy s fle w th e i r k i t e s t o ge th e r u n t il o n e d a y K a w elo s c a u ght in the


    ’

    s tr i n g o f his fr i e n d s a n d b r o k e i t fr ee i n g the k i t e w h i c h flew o ff a n d li t


    ’

    , ,

    a t a p l a c e a bo v e K o l oa s t i ll c a ll e d H o o l ein a p ea the F a ll o f the Ki t e


    , The ,
    — - —
    .

    r i dge s t ill s h o w s the d en t w h e r e the k i t e s tr uc k i t .

    K a w el o fea red th a t K a u a hoa wo u l d b e a n gry a n d p u n i s h him a s K a ua ,

    hoa w a s the l a rg e r o f the tw o b u t K a ua hoa s a i d n o th i n g a b o u t the k i t e , ,

    a n d K a w e l o d e c i d e d th a t the y o u n g g i a n t w a s a fr a i d o f him .

    A ik a n a k a M a n E a t e r
    ,
    8
    the pr i nce r u l e d o v e r his tw o fr i en d s e v en a s
    -
    , ,

    boys Wh a t ev e r he a s k e d th e m to d o th ey d id So th ey gre w to m a n h oo d
    . . .

    I n the m ea n t i m e the o l d e r b ro th e r s o f K a w e lo w e n t to O a h u w h e r e
    Ka k u hihew a w a s r u li n g T h i s k i n g ha d a m on g his r et a i n e r s a v e ry
    .

    s tro n g m a n the s tr o n g e s t w r e s t l e r in the i s l a n d s


    ,
    The b o y s v e r y o ft e n .

    w e n t s u rf b o a rd r i d i n g a n d w h e n th i s e x e r c i s e w a s o v e r
    — -
    ,
    th ey w ou l d ,

    w r e s t l e w i th the gr ea t c h a mp i o n .

    Aft e r th es e b oys ha d b een a w ay s om e yea r s th ei r gr a n dp a r en t s ha d ,

    a gr e a t d e s i r e to s ee th e m so t a k i n g K a w e l o w i th th e m the o ld p e o p l e
    ,

    p a dd l e d to O a h u a n d l a n d e d a t Wa i k i k i .

    O n O a h u K a w e l o m et a n d so o n m a rr i ed K a n e w a hin eik ia o ha a n d in
    o rd e r to pr o v i d e f oo d fo r h i m se l f a n d h is w i f e he w o rk ed e v e r y d a y in the

    t a ro p a t c h .

    ‘
    A ik a n a k a is u se d fig u ra t iv ely . The H a w ii
    a ans w r e e n ot ca n n iba l s .
    Ric e— H a w a iia n L egen d s 55

    On e d a y as rk he h ea rd grea t s h ou t i n g do w n b y the sea


    he w a s at wo .

    H is gr a n dp a r en t s t o ld h i m th a t his b ro th e r s w e re w r e s t li n g w i th the k i n g s
    ’

    s tr o n g ma n Wh en o n e o f th em w a s thr o w n d o w n the p eo p l e s h o u t e d
    . .

    At o n ce K a wel o l o n ge d to see the s po rt b u t his gr a n dp a ren t s f o r b a d e ,

    his go i n g S o he w a i t e d u n t il th ey w e r e a w a y a n d th e n he h u rr i e d to the
    .

    s ea, w h e r e he s a w h is b ro th e r s s u rfi g H e b o rr o w e d a s u rf b oa rd a n d
    n .
    -

    j o i n e d his b ro th e r s a n d l a t e r fo ll o w e d th em to the w r es t li n g p l a c e W h en .

    he s t oo d u p to w r es t l e w i th the s tr o g ma h i s b r o th e r s t r i e d to pr e v en t
    n n,

    h i m b y s a y i n g th a t he w a s to o yo u g th a t he w a s n ot s tron g e n ou gh n ,
    .

    K a w elo d i d n o t l i s t en to th em a n d to e v e ry on e s s u rpr i s e he thr ew the ’

    k i n g s gre a t w r e s t l e r T h i s a ge r ed the b ro th e r s w ho w e r e a s h a me d o f
    ’
    . n ,

    th e i r l a c k of s tren gth a n d s o th ey h u rr i e d to th e i r gr a n dp a ren t s a n d t o l d


    , ,

    th em th a t K a w el o ha d b e en th ro w i n g st o n es a t th e m Rec e i v i n g li tt l e s ym .

    p a th y th ey d ec i d ed to r et u rn to K a ua i .

    T h e n K a w e lo b ega n to d e s i r e o th e r a cc om p li s h m en t s Fi r s t he l on g e d .

    to b e a bl e to h u l a w h i c h m e a n t a tr a i n i n g i
    , a n a rt fa r m o r e d i v e r s i fi e d n

    th a n m e r e d a n c i n g Aft e r l on g sc h oo l i n g the p u p i l s ha d to p a ss a s tr i c t
    .

    e x a m i n a t i o n b e f o r e th ey co u l d a pp ea r in p u bl i c B u t th i s gr a c e f u l a n d .

    d ifli c u lt a r t K a w e l o co u l d n o t m a s t e r so he t u r ne d his m i n d to o th e r ,

    th i n gs His fa th e r i la w t a u ght h i m a n d his w i fe a s w e ll a ll ma n n e r o f


    .
    —
    n- , ,

    s p e a r thr ow i n g Ne x t he w a n t e d to l ea r n to fi s h w ell
    . Ma k u a k ek e the .
    ,

    ce l eb ra t e d fi s h e r m a n b ec a me his t ea c h e r
    ,
    .

    At d a w n K a w e lo a w a k en e d his t ea c h e r w i th th e se w o rd s M ak ua k e k e , ,

    a wa k e ! The s un is h i gh Br i n g the fi sh h oo k s a n d the n et s Let u s


    .
    —
    .

    fish .

    So fi s h e rm a n prep a re d e v er yth i n g T h ey got i n t o a c a n oe a n d


    the .

    p a dd l e d ou t to d eep w a t e r As th ey w e re g o i n g the o l d e r m an c a ll ed o ut
    .
    , ,

    K a w el o the lei o f his p a r e t s my k i n g fi s h e r m a n o f K a ua i w e w il l fi sh


    , n , ,

    h e re .
    ”

    B ut K a we l o a n s w e r e d No t h e r e We s h a ll go o n u n t il w e r ea c h the
    , .

    po i n t o f Ka en a Ho l d on to the ca n oe . .

    T h en w i th on e m i ght y stro k e of the p a dd l e the c a n oe l a y o ff Ho n ol u l u


    h a r bo r w i th two s tro k e s i t n ea r e d Pu u lo a a n d w i th thr ee i t r eac h e d
    , ,

    Wa i a n a e T h e r e K a w e l o c h ew e d s o m e k u k u i n u t s a n d bl ew the o il o v e r the
    .

    s e a s o th a t the w a t e r b ec a m e c a l m a n d th ey c o u l d s ee the bo tt om The .

    c a n o e d r i ft e d fr o m the s h a ll ow w a t e r i n t o the d eep a s the m en fi s h ed


    fo r u ual .

    As i t grew l a t e M a k u a k ek e u rg ed K a w el o to r et u r n h o m e fo r he k n e w ,

    th a t i t w a s t i m e fo r Uhu ma k a ik a i the fi sh go d to a pp ea r a n d he grea t l y , ,

    f ea r ed th i s fi sh .
    56 B er n ice P
    - . B is hop M us e u m —
    B u lle ti n

    So the t i r e d fi sh e r m en w en t h o me Aft e r K a w e l o ha d b a th e d he .
    ,

    o rd e r e d his s t e w a rd to b r i n g h i m h is ev en i n g m ea l Fo rty c a l a b a s h es o f .

    p o i a n d fo rt y l a u l a u o r b u n d l es o f p i g w r a pp e d in ti l e a v e s a n d c oo k ed
    ,
    i , , ,

    in a n u n d e rgro u n d i m u o r o v e n w e r e s et b e f o r e h i m b ut th i s w a s n ot
    , , ,

    e n o u gh to sa t i s fy h is h u g e a pp e t i t e The sa m e a m o u n t w a s s et b e f o r e him .

    th e sec o n d t i m e a d h a v i n g e a t e n i t he l a y d o w n to s l ee p
    ,
    n .

    A s the s u n w a s se tt i n g K a w e l o a w o k e a n d o r d e r e d the m a t s to b e
    ,

    s pr ea d , a n d the p ill o w s a n d b e d t a p a s to b e p r e p a r e d B e f o re r et i r i n g he .

    r ea d the s i g n s o f the h ea v en s a n d l ea r n e d th a t H a u pu a n d Ka la n ip uu tw o ,

    m o u n t a i n p ea k s n ea r Na w il i w i li B a y w e r e b e i n g b u r n e d u p A l a s ! he “ ”
    , .

    c r i ed M y l o v e fo r m y p a r en t s is c o m i n g to m e T h ey m a y b e in t r o ubl e
    “
    , . .

    I f ea r th a t th ey a r e b ei n g k i ll e d .

    H is w i f e w ho d i d n o t k n o w th a t her h u s b a n d w a s a bl e to r ea d the
    ,

    h ea v en s a s k ed Ho w a r e yo u a bl e to go to K a ua i a n d b a c k so s oon ?
    , ,
    ”

    K a w e l o a n s w e re d I f yo u r p a r en t s w e r e in t roubl e y o u w ou l d w eep
    ,
    “
    .

    Yo u r t ea r s w o u l d flo w Y o u c a r e no t fo r m y b e l o v ed o n es
    . .
    ”

    Ea r l y the n e xt m o r n i n g K a w e l o c a ll e d the fi s h e rm a n a n d p a dd l e d o ut
    to th e i r fi s h i n g w a t e r s S o o n M a k u a k ek e s a w the s t o rm c l o u d s g a th e r i n g
    .

    in th e s k y a n d k ne w th a t the fi s h go d w a s c o m i n g A s the h u g e fi s h s w a m .

    t o w a rd s th em K a w el o th r ew his n et a n d c a u ght him T h en the fi sh p u ll i n g .


    ,

    th e c a n o e w i t h him s w a m o u t to s e a u n t i l the m en co u l d n o l o n g e r see


    ,

    th ei r h ome s o r the s u rf b ea t i n g on the s h o r e T h ey w en t so ra p i d l y th a t .

    th ey soo c a me to K a ua i w h e r e the fi sh t u r n e d a n d s w a m b a c k w i th th e m
    n ,

    to Wa i k i k i T h e re a t l a s t the m en w e r e a bl e to k i ll h i m
    . .

    A s K a w el o j u m p e d a s h o r e he s a w tw o m e s s e n ge r s fro m K a ua i s t a n d
    ,

    in g n ea r his s ix s o l d i e r s w ho w e r e v e r y s k ill e d in thro w i n g th e s p ea r


    ,
    .

    K a w e l o n o t i c e d th a t th es e s o l d i e r s w e r e d ra w i n g th e i r s p ea r s a n d he ,

    h ea rd on e o f the m es sen ge r s c ry T h ey a r e try i n g to s p ea r K a w el o b e fo r e ,


    “

    he is r e a d y I f th ey d o o u r j o u r n e y to O a h u w il l h a v e b een in v a i n
    ”
    .
    .
    ,

    Ka m a la m a Ka w e lo s yo un g e r b r o th e r a n s w e r e d
    ,
    ’
    Wa t ch Y o u w ill , ,
    “
    .

    s e e th a t the s p ea r s th r o w n a t h i m w ill b e l i k e w a t e r .

    Fi r s t tw o o f the s o l d i e r s th r ew th ei r s p ea r s in v a i n a t K a w el o Wh en .

    th ey w er e w ea ry two o th e r s m o r e s k ill ed t oo k th e i r t u r n s a n d so on
    , , , ,

    u n t il a ll ha d t r i e d B u t th i s w a s o n l y a g a m e to K a w el o
    . .

    T h en Ka m a la ma w a s t o l d b y his b r oth e r to b r i n g the sh a rp s p ea r s


    w i th w h i c h th ey cou l d d o b a tt l e T a k i n g the c el eb r a t ed s p ea r s he c r i ed
    .
    ,

    “
    K a w e l o k eep you r eyes w i d e o p en I f you w i n k yo u r ey es on c e I w ill
    , .

    s p ea r
    ”
    yo u .

    B r a c i n g h i m sel f he thr e w the s p ea r a t K a w el o w i th a ll his m i ght


    ,
    .

    K a w elo do d ge d i t a n d i t flew o n u n t il i t c a m e to the s u rf a t Wa i k i k i s o


    , ,

    gr ea t ha d b een the fo rc e w h i c h s en t i t T h en Ka ma la ma w a s t o l d to .
    58 B e r n i ce P . B is hop M i i s e u ni —
    -
    B u lle tin

    th a t is
    If the ca s e , sa id h er fa th e r , s o m eo n e m ust be l i s t en i n g w ho
    w i ll c a rr y my w o d s to r h im . C ome , my so n s , a n d w e w ill fi n d the gui l ty
    ”
    on e .

    An d so th ey
    r h ed e v e ryw h e r e b u t n o o n e w a s to b e fo u n d for a s
    sea c .

    s oo na s K a m a la m a ha d s een t he m co m i n g he ha d h u rr i e d to t ell K a w e lo

    a ll he ha d h ea rd Wh en he b eg a n his s t o ry his b ro th e r s t o pp ed him s ay i n g


    .
    ,

    th a t he k n e w a ll T h i s m a d e K a m a la ma v ery a n gry a n d he c r i ed I f you


    .
    ,
    “

    h a v e s uc h goo d ea r s w hy d i d you s en d me to th a t p l a c e w h e re I h a v e n o
    fr i en d s ? I w i s h to eat .

    The h ea d s t ew a rd c a rr i e d o u t f o rt y s w e et p ot a t oe s a n d f o rt y l au la u o f
    p i g Wh il e th ey we r e ea t i n g the f a th e r in la w w i th his son s a rr i v ed a n d
    .
    ,
    - —

    K a w el o t o l d him a l l he ha d s a i d .

    c r i e d K a n ew a h in e h is go d is v e r y p o w e rf u l
    “
    S e e ! I t is a s I s a i d , , .

    Y es a n s w e r e d the f a th e r
    , I s ee th a t yo u r h u s b a n d ca n h e a r in Ko n a
    ,

    w h a t ha s b ee n s a i d in K oo l a u .

    T h en K a w e l o a n xi o u s to p u n i s h his fa th er in l a w s a i d th a t th ey m u s t
    ,
    - -
    ,

    try s p ea r th r o w i n g -
    H is f a th e r in la w t o l d o n e o f his so n s to try fir s t
    .
    - -
    ,

    b u t K a w e l o w o u l d n ot h ea r o f th i s The t ea c h e r m u s t fi r s t tr y w i th the
    “
    .

    s c h ol a r he s a i d T h e n i t w ill b e s e en w h i c h o n e i s s tr o n g e r
    ” “ ”
    , . .

    So the ma n a n d his s o n s w e r e o n on e s i d e a g a i n s t K a w e l o H is f a th e r .

    in la w thr ew the fi r s t s p ea r w h i c h w a s w a rd e d o ff a n d fl y i n g b a c k h i t the


    -
    , ,

    thro we r k n oc k i n g h is d ow n A s his fa th e r in la w r oll ed ov er in the


    ,
    .
    - -

    sa n d K a w e l o c r i ed M y s p ea r K u ik a a is s tron ge r th a n yo u r s I t ha s h i t
    , , , , .

    y ou r j a w Y o u a r e b e i n g p u i s h e d fo r w h a t yo u s a i d o f m e
    . n A r oo s t e r .

    fe d in the s u n is s tr o n g e r th a n o n e fe d in the s h a d e O n e k i c k fro m the .

    r oo st e r fed in the s un w il l k n oc k y o u do w n .

    S ee i n g he r f a th e r l y i n g o n the s a n d Ka n e w a h in e r a n to him a n d , ,

    p o u r i n g w a t e r o n his h ea d r es t o r e d h i m to c o n sc io us n es s
    , .

    A ft e r th i s tr i a l o f s p ea r s K a w el o s en t his b r oth e r a n d his w i fe w i th


    ,

    two s o l d i er s to P u u l o a to b e g a c a o e fr o m K a k u hih ew a the k i n g o f O a h u n , .

    Wh en th ey c a me b e fo r e the k i n g K a n e w a h in e s t a t e d th e i r m i s s i on The , .

    k i n g g l a d l y ga v e th em a l a rg e d o u bl e c a n o e b eca u se h e f ea r ed K a w e l o
    a n d w a s g l a d to h ea r th a t h e w a s l ea v i n g fo r Ka u a i to d o b a tt l e w i th

    A ik a n a k a .

    So th ey r e tu r n e d to Wa i k i k i in the c a n oe a n d K a w el o b ega n his pr epa


    r a t i o s fo r l ea v i n g As so o n a s a ll w a s r ea d y th ey s et s a i l a n d w en t a s h o re
    n .

    a t Wa i a n a e w h e r e th ey b u il t a h e i a u to K a w e l o s g o d s Aft e r K a w el o ha d ’
    .

    p l a ce d his go d s in th i s h e i a u he a s k ed a dv i c e fr o m th em fo r h e w a s u n ,

    ce rt a i n in h is m i d a b o u t th i s j o u r e y
    n The f ea th e r s o n o n e go d K a n e i n .
    ,
    -

    k a p u a l e a the Y e ll o w F ea the r e d G o d s t o o d s tr a i ght u p s h o w i n g th a t he


    -
    n ,
    - s

    . ,

    wa s o t a fr a i d o f the t a s k b e fo r e th e m
    n The o th e r go d K a la n ihehu the .
    , ,
    R ice— H a w a iia n L egen d s 59

    S c a tt e r e r -
    v en s ga v e n o s i g n B u t K a w el o b eli ev ed h e h a d seen
    o f— the- H ea , .

    a p ro p i t i o u s o m en a n d a t e v en i n g h e l e ft O a h u .

    B e fo r e mo r n i n g K a w e l o s a w K eao lew a the c l ou d s on the to p o f H a u p u , ,

    fl oa t i n g t ow a rd s th e m li k e a gr ea t w h i t e bi rd Soon K a l a n ipu u c a m e i n t o .

    s i ght .

    T h ese s i ght s w e r e o t v i s ibl e to the o th e r p a s s en g e r s o f the ca no e


    n

    a n d K a w e lo s u c l e e x c l a i m ed
    ’
    n Y o u m u s t b e t e lli n g u s f a l se l y
    , We h a v e .

    o ft e n b e e n o n th i s v o y a g e w i th yo u r p a r en t s b u t a l w a y s on e n i ght a n d ,

    h a l f a d a y p a s sed b e fo re w e co u l d s ee Kea o le w a fl y i n g t o w a rd s u s li k e a
    bi rd Y o u sa y y ou see i t b e fo re d a w n
    . .
    ”

    B u t a t d a yb r ea k a ll w e r e a bl e to s ee th a t K a w el o w a s s p ea k i n g tr u th
    f u l ly a n d in a s h o rt t i m e the c a n oe lay o ff Ha na m a u l u w h e re the m es s en ge r s ,

    u rg e d K a w e lo to l a n d s o th a t he c o u l d s ee hi s p a r e n t s a n d fr i en d s b e f o r e

    g o i n g to b a tt l e w i th A ik a n a k a K a w e l o r e f u se d to d o th i s a d o rd e r e d
    . n

    K a ma la m a to t u r n the ca n oe t o w a rd s Wa i l ua .

    A s the c a n oe a n c ho r e d a t Wa il u a K a w e l o to l d his b r o th e r to f ee d a ll
    ,

    the m e n s o th a t th ey w o u l d b e s tro n g fo r the w o rk b e f o r e th em .

    The p eo p l e o n Nou n ou s a w the ca n oe a n d A ik a n a k a s e n t h is m e s s e n g e r s ,

    to fi n d o u t w h a t so rt o f c a n o e i t m i ght b e fr i e n d l y o r w a r l i k e I f fr i en d l y . .
    ,

    the p a s s e ge r s w e r e to b e g i v e n f oo d t a p a s a n d s h e l t e r
    n I f w a r li k e the
    , , .
    ,

    tw o gr ea t gen e r a l s o f Aa ik a a k a w e r e to g i v e b a tt l e a t on c e
    n .

    I n the m ea n t i m e K a w e l o w r a pp e d in m a t s ha d b ee n p l a c e d o n the
    , ,

    po la the p l a tf o r m j o i n i n g the d o u bl e c a o e s w h e r e h e w a s co v e r e d w i th
    ,
    n ,

    c oc on u t l ea v es Wh e n K a ma la ma sa w the m es s en g er s s w i m m i n g o u t to
    .

    th em he c a ll e d to K a w e l o A m a n fr om ou r k i n g is co m i n g He is s w i m
    , ,
    “
    .

    m i n g t ow a rd s u s .

    A s the m e s s e n g e r c li m b e d a bo a rd he a s k e d Why h a v e th e s e c a n oe s ,

    c om e ?

    To g i v e b a tt l e a n s w e r e d K a m a la m a b o l d l y
    “
    , , .

    “
    Who is the gen e r a l ? i q u i re d the m a n ”
    n .

    s a i d K a m a la m a
    “ ”
    I , .

    Wh e re i s K a w e l o
    H e is o n O a h u
    ”
    .

    Wh a t is th a t b u n d l e on the po la ?
    T h a t i s o u r fo o d a n d c l o th i n g fo r th i s tr i p .

    The m es s en g e r a li tt l e s u s p i c i ou s s t epp e d o n the b u n d l e b u t a s i t


    , , , ,

    d i d n o t mo v e he w a s d ec e i v e d
    , .

    T h en K a m a la ma a s k e d ho w the k i n g w i s h ed to g i v e b a ttl e He w a s .

    to l d to go a sh o r e w h e r e a ft e r th ey ha d r e st e d ea t en a d p u t on th e i r w a r
    , , ,
    n

    ma l o th ey c ou l d b e g i
    , th e b a tt l e n .
    60 B e r n ic e P . B is hop M us e u m — B u ll e tin

    B ut , wa r n ed
    m es sen g e r yo u ca n no t w in \Ve f ea r ed on l y
    the , .
    '

    K a w el o S i n c e he is n ot h e re yo u c a n no t h o p e fo r v i c t o r y Y o u w ou l d d o
    .
    .

    w e ll to r e t u r n to O a h u T h i s is n o t a c a no e fit for d o i n g ba tt l e w i th K a ua i
    . .

    S uc h a c a n oe m u s t n eed s b e a bi g c a oe a l o n g c a n oe a n d a w i d e ca n oe n , , .
    ”

    D u r i n g th i s c o n v e r sa t io n c ro w d s o f p eo p l e h a d g a th e r e d o n the b ea ch
    w i th the tw o h ea d w a rr i o r s Eac h w a rr i o r h a d fo u r h u n dr ed so l d i e r s
    .

    n o t to m e n t i o n the w o m en a n d c h il dr en a l l c l a m o r i g to b e g i n the fight —


    n

    a t on c e .

    B u t the m es s en g e r m i n df u l o f his pr om i s e to Ka ma la ma o rd e r e d th em
    , ,

    b a c k w h il e s om e o f his m en c a rr i ed the en em y s c a n o e u p o n the d r y sa n d ’


    .

    Wh il e th i s w a s go i n g o n K a w e l o ha d s ec r et l y t ol d his b r oth e r to l oosen


    the r o p e th a t bo u n d h is f eet T h i s d o n e he s t ood u p w i th his m i ght y
    .
    ,

    s p ea r K u ik a a the W h i z zi n g Po i n t in h is h a n d
    , , S ee i n g h i m his fo llo w e r s
    —
    , .
    ,

    c r i e d ou t
    “ ”
    K a w el o is on the ca n oe !
    ,

    The w o rd K a w e l o a r o u s e d s u c h gr e a t f ea r in the h ea rt s o f the m e n


    w ho w e r e c a rry i n g th e c a n o e th a t th ey d r o pp e d i t k illi n g s e v e r a l At o n ce , .

    the so l d i e r s o f A ik a n a k a s u rro u n d e d th e ca n oe .

    K a w e lo th r u s t his s p ea r o n the r i ght s i d e o f the c a n oe a n d k i ll ed a


    gr ea t n u m b e r T h en he t u r n ed to the l e ft a n d k ill e d m a n y m o re A s soon
    . .

    a s the K a u a i s o l d i e r s s a w ho w gr ea t the s l a u ght e r w a s th ey r etr ea t ed to ,

    the h ill o f No u n o u T h e r e th ey met great n u m b e r s o f m en h u rry i n g to r e


    .

    en fo r c e th e i r fr i e n d s b
    y the s e a .

    A ft e r the r e tr ea t K a wel o o rd e r e d his b ro th e r to p u s h the c a n o e ba c k


    i n t o the s ea w h e re he c o u l d w a t c h the ba tt l e T h en K a ma la m a a rr a n ge d .

    the s o l d i e r s s k ill f u ll y a s he h a d b een d i r e c t e d K a w e lo s a do pt e d c h il d


    ’
    .
    ,

    Ka u l u ik i L i tt l e Ro lli n g S t on e l e d the r i ght w i n g a n d a n o th e r a d o pt e d


    ,
    - —
    , ,

    c h il d
    ,
    K a l a u m e ki M e k i Lea f le d the l e ft
    ,
    -
    , .

    S ee i n g th a t K a w e l o w a s n ot o n l a n d the s o l d i e r s o f K a ua i c a m e f o r w a rd ,

    a ga i n , a n d e n g a g e d in f u r i o u s s tr i f e K a m a la ma w a s in the th i c k es t o f .

    th e b a tt l e fight i n g w i th gr ea t c o u r a g e
    , Ka u l u ik i r etr ea t ed to the s h o r e b u t
    .

    K a la u m e k i k ept o n fight i g k illi n g m a n y n , .

    Wh en K a w el o s a w ho w th i n g s w e re go i n g he c a ll ed o ut in a l ou d ,

    v o i c e Wh en w e con q u e r the i s l a n d K a m a la ma s h a ll h a v e a ll the Ko n a


    ,
    “
    ,

    s i d e o f K a u a i a n d K a l a u m e ki s h a ll h a v e a l l the Ko o l a u s i d e
    ”
    .

    H ea r i n g th e se w o rd s Ka ul u ik i gr i e v ed d ee p l y b ec a u s e he h a d r e tr e a t e d
    ,
    .

    I t w ou l d h a v e b een b e tt e r to h a v e s t a ye d o n O a h u h e m ou r n e d T h er e ” “
    , .

    I a t l ea s t ha d t a r o to ea t H e r e I h a v e n oth i n g
    . .

    Wh en the m es s en g e r s a w th a t the gen e ra l s a n d b es t so l d i e r s o f his


    k i n g ha d b een k il l e d he h u rr i e d to ca rry th i s n ew s to A ik a n ak a K a w elo .

    a s k e d K a m a la m a to f o ll o w the m e s s en g e r a n d w h en he o v e rt oo k him to

    s c r a t c h h i m w i th his s p e a r to m a rk h im b u t to l e t h i m go o n his e rr a n d
    , ,
    .
    B er n ic e P
    -
    . B is hop M ns e mn —
    B n l le tii i- -

    T h i s pro m i s e m a d e the w a rr i o r th i n k th a t K a w el o f ea r ed him So he .

    r ep li ed I t is n o t fo r yo u to g i v e m e a w i f e I s h a ll k ill you a n d A ik a n a k a
    ,
    “
    .
    ,

    w ill o ff e r y o u r b o d y a s a s a c r i fi c e to hi s g o d s I a n d my m en w ill e a t .

    c o o k e d t a ro o n K a ua i
    ”
    .

    T h i s v a i n bo a s t i n g a m u s ed K a w e l o w ho , wa r n ed ,
    Br ea k the p oi n t ?
    of

    you r s p ea r b e fo r e yo u th r us t i t a t K a w e l o
    ”
    .

    “
    I w
    i ll n ot h a v e to b r ea k m y s p ea r to s tr i k e you l a u gh ed the s ol d i e r , .

    Y ou a re a s l a rge a s th e en d o f a h ou s e I m u s t b e a n a w k w a rd a n i m a l
    .

    if I m i s s yo u .
    ”

    “
    Y ou t h i t a fl y i n g flag r i d i c u l e d K a w el o
    can no Y ou m i ght h i t m y
    , .

    w a v i n g ma l o You r s h a m e f u l b oa s t i n g w i ll m a k e y ou w eep
    . .

    The two w a rr i o r s r a i s e d th e i r s p ea r s a t the s a m e t i m e a n d thr ew th em .

    K a w el o d o dg e d the s p ea r w h i c h j u s t t ou c h e d his n i a l o a n d p a s s ed on i n t o
    the gr ou n d W i th s h a m e Wa la heeik io t u r n ed to h a s t en b a c k to Nou n ou
    .
    ,

    b u t K a w e l o thr ew his s p ea r a t h is b a c k a n d k ill e d h i m .

    S o on l y M ao ma o ik io w a s l e ft P it fo r the l o n e w a rr i o r fil l e d Ka w e lo s
    ’
    . v

    h ea rt a n d he o ff e r e d him a w i fe i f he w ou l d d e se rt A ik a n a k a B ut th i s .

    so l d i e r a s w e r e d a s his c om p a n i on ha d a n s w e r e d
    n a n d th r ew his s p ea r a t ,

    K a w el o K a w el o d o dg e d i t a n d th r ew his m i ghty s p ea r a t the k i n g s


    .
    ’

    f a i thf u l s ol d i e r T h en his c a no e w a s l e ft to d r i ft w i tho u t its p a dd l e r


    . .

    The m es se n g e r r a n to No u no u a n d r e p o rt e d to Aik a n a k a the boa s t i n g ,

    o f his g e e r a l s a n d th ei r d ea th a t the h a n d s o f K a w el o
    n T h en the k i n g .

    c r ie d No w a c o l d c h i ll n u m b s my b o n e s The h o u s e th a t ga v e u s s h e l t e r
    “
    .
    ,

    is b ro k en
    ”
    .

    A s ol d i e r Ka ha k a loa s k ill e d in thr o w i n g a n d do dg i n g s p ea r s c h e e r ed


    , ,

    the b r o k en k i n g w i th th e s e w o rd s Wh en d i d K a w e l o l ea r n to fight ? We ,
    “

    a ll li v e d h e r e t o g eth e r a n d he w a s no m o r e s k ill ed th a n o th e r s
    '

    He h a s .

    n o t b een o n O a h u v e r y l on g H ow ca n he b e so s k ill e d e v en th o u gh his


    .

    f a th e r in la w ha s b een t ea c h i n g h i m ? I h a v e f ought w i th his fa th e r in la w


    - - — -

    a d
    n e i th e r c o u l d w in fr o m th e o th e r
    n Ho w th e n c a n K a w el o d e f e a t m e ? .

    So O Ki n g g i v e m e fi v e f o rt i e s o f m en a n d I s h a ll j o i n b a tt l e w i th K a w el o
    , ,

    a n d his y ou n g e r b ro th e r .

    Pe r m i s s i o n w a s g l a d l y g i v en b y the k i n g an d K a ha k a loa a d v a n c e d to
    th e f oo t o f No u no u w h e r e he me t K a m a l a m a I n the b a tt l e w h i c h en s u ed .
    ,

    his s tr en gth a n d v a l o r w e r e s h o w n fo r he pr es s e d h is r i v a l b a c k to the .

    s p ot w h e r e K a w el o w a s s t a n d i n g T h e r e K a w el o a n g e r ed him by ca ll i n g
    .

    La i pa a ! b r a n d e d so n o f a s l a v e ! A i opal a e a t e r o f r u bbi s h !
    ”
    him n a m e s ,
    —
    ,
    -
    ,

    Do g ! A i he nm ea t e r o f l ea v i n g s ! T h i s w a s a gr ea t i n s u l t to a h i gh ch i e f
    ”
    —
    ,

    of Ka ua i .
    Ri c e —
    H a w a ii a n L ege n d s 63

    At l en gth the tw o w a rr i o r s s t oo d r ea d y fo r the en co u t e r T h e i r s p ea r s n .

    w e r e thr ow n a t the s a m e t i m e K a w e lo w a s s tr u c k a n d s t u n n ed a n d his


    .

    b od y r ol l ed in the d u s t K a h a k a loa l o s t o n e ea r a d a l i ttl e fi n ge r


    . n .

    The k i n g s m e s s en g e r rged th e so l d i e r to s tr i k e the f a ll e n K a w el o


    ’
    u

    a ga i n a s h i s ey e s w e r e s t ill o p en b u t K a ha k a loa a s w e r ed H e is k ill e d


    “
    , , n ,

    b y o n e bl o w fr o m a yo u g m a n I s h a l l n o t s tr i k e him a ga i n o r h e w i l l
    n .

    go d o w n to M il u a n d b o a s t th a t I ha d to s tr i k e h im t w i c e No w l et u s go .

    h o m e to eat Aft e r th a t w e s h a ll r et r n a n d fi n i s h o u e em y
    . u r n .
    ”

    K a m a la m a r a to his b ro t h e r fo r h e b e l i e v e d t h a t he ha d b een k i l l ed
    n ,
    .

    B u t i n a s h o rt t i m e K a w e l o s a t u p H is d i z z i e s s l e ft him H e a s k ed . n .

    w h e r e hi s a t a go i s t ha d go e
    n T h en he s tr e n gt h en ed h i m s e l f w i th foo d
    n n . .

    Ka ha k a lo a in the m e a n t i m e ha d h u rr i e d to his k i n g w h e r e he b o a st e d
    , , ,

    th a t he ha d k ill e d the m i ght y K a w el o a d th a t he w o u l d s oon go b a ck to ,


    n

    th e s ea to p u t o u t his l i ght f o r e v e r H ea r i n g th a t hi s gr e a t r i v a l w a s o . n

    m o r e A ik a a k a o r d e r e d hi s s t e w a r d to p l a c e th e c h o i c es t f o o d b e f o r e th e
    ,
    n

    v a l i a t so l d i e r a d the fa i th f l m es s e ge r
    n n u n .

    W h il e th i s w a s b e i g prep a r ed the k i g o t i c ed th a t K a h a k a lo a ha d
    n , n n

    l o s t a fi n g e r a n d he i n q u i r e d h ow the a c c i d en t ha d h a pp e ed n .

    “
    T h a t w a s a b r a n c h o the o u t s i d e w h i c h w a s ea s il y s tr u c k a n s w e r e d
    n ,

    the s o l d i e r .

    A n d ho w a bo u t yo u r e a r
    “

    O h th a t w a s a b r a n c h o n top a l so e a s il y c u t o ff r epl i e d th e w o u n d e d
    , ,

    man .

    A ft e r K a ha k a loa ha d ea t en the foo d fro m the ca l a b a s h he p l a c e d the


    e m pt y v es s e l on his h ea d a s a h e l m et a n d w en t f o rth to d es tr oy h is r i v a l .

    S e e i g s om eo e co m i n g K a m a la m a c a ll e d to hi s b r o th e r A ba l d “
    n n , ,

    h ea d e d m a n is a d v a c i n g I c a n s ee the s u n sh i n i g o n h is f o r ehea d
    n . n .

    B u t K a w el o w a s o t d ec e i v e d H e r eco g i z e d h is fo r m e r a n t a go n i s t
    n . n

    a n d p l a n ed r e v en g e
    n A s Ka ha k a l oa c a m e b e f o r e him K a w e l o s tr u c k the
    . .

    ca la ba sh o his h e a d
    n B e i g b r ok en i t f e l l o v e r his eye s s o th a t he co u l d
    . n .

    n ot s ee a n d h e w a s e a s il y k ill e d
    , .

    Aga i n the m e s s en ge r ha d to c a rr y n ew s o f d e f ea t to h is k i n g w ho s e ,

    n l y c o m m en t H o w c o l d b e l i v e s o w o u d ed ?
    “
    o was , H e w a s on ly
    u ,
    n

    K a w e lo s p i g
    ’
    .

    T h e r e s t ill r em a i e d on No u o u K a u a h oa the s tr on ge st o f a l l th e
    n n , ,

    k i g s so l d i e r s H e w a s k n o w n a ll o v e r the i s l a n d s fo his s iz e H e i t
    n
    ’
    . r .

    w a s w h om K a w e l o f e a r e d m o s t o f a l l Ho w ev e r K a w e lo r em em b e r e d .
    ,

    th e i r bo y ho o d d a y s w h en he ha d b r o k en his fr i e n d s k i t e a n d ha d esc a p ed ’

    u p u i s h ed
    n n I f K a u a hoa f e a r e d h im a s a b o y p o s s ibl y he s t ill d id
    . Th i s , .

    th o u ght c h ee r ed him a n d h e p la n n e d ho w he co u l d g a i a V l CtO I y o v e r his n


    ‘

    o ld t i m e o pp o en t
    -
    n .
    Be r n ce i P . B is hop M ”s c u m— B u l le tin

    No w w h e n K a u a hoa h ea r d th a t Ka ha k a loa ha d fa ll en in the d us t he ,

    v o w e d to s ee k r e v en g e w i th h is s p ea r a w h o l e k oa t r ee fr o m Ka hihik olo , .

    a bo v e Kil a u ea s o l a rg e th a t the bi rd s s a n g i n its b r a n c h e s w h i l e i t w a s


    ,

    be i n g c a rr i e d The g i a n t s tr i pp e d som e o f the b r a n c h es fro m th i s t ree


    .
    .

    a n d th ey a r e gr o w i n g a t Ka hihik o lo n o w .

    A s th i s g i a t w i th his h u g e s p ea r c a m e d o w n fro m Nou n o u he w a s s o


    n

    l a rge th a t he h id the s u n A co l d c h ill n u m b e d the bo es o f K a w el o F ea r


    . n .

    fi ll e d his b ra v e h e a rt B ut he pre p a re d fo r b a tt l e
    . .

    O n his r i ght he p l a c e d h is w i fe w i th he r pik o i O n his l e ft he s ta .


    ‘

    tio n e d K a ma la ma B eh i n d him he o rd e re d his f o s t e r s on s to w a i t T h u s


    . .

    K a w e l o s t oo d w i th his m i ght y s p ea r ten f a th o m s lo n g , .

    K a wel o k n ew th a t b y s k ill o n l y co u l d he h o p e fo r v i c to ry He d ec i d ed .

    n o t to w a i t l o n g T h en he c a ll e d o u t
    .

    I r m mb e th d y wh
    e wer w y g e a s en e ere o un .

    S w ll d w i th
    e e li f H
    no l i s e ni n o ana e .

    S w ll d b v th e e y i th l d f m r i g
    a o e e e es s e c ou o o n n .

    I v i i th b ttl t th h d f h i l d r
    n a n s e a e a e an s o c en .

    Th g r t b t tl w i ll f ll w
    e ea a e o o ,

    A th d p s f ll w th
    e ee h ll w w t r
    sea o o s e s a o a e .

    I v i n th l d di p r d
    a n a re e c ou s s e se .

    O K h tha ua tr g oa .f H l i! e s on on e o ana e

    Aw k O K m l m th tr g
    a e, a f K l a a ! a, e s on on e o u a on

    Aw k K w l th tr g
    a e, a f W ik ik i !
    e o, e s on on e o a

    Aw k K l h p
    a e, th tr g ae e f Ew !
    a un a , e s on o ne o a

    Aw k tr g f W im
    _

    K l m k i th
    a e, a au e ! , e s on on e o a ea

    W w i ll l l g th r t g th r t
    e a d y
    a e o e e a n oon a .

    P tp os th b ttl my br t h L v m
    on e e a e, o er . ea e e .

    T hi is t th d f s
    ‘

    not giv x hib i t i


    e ay f b ttl or us o e an e on o a e,

    Fr i d f my b y h d d y s w i t h w h m I m d l h l i
    en o o oo a , o a e e ua e s

    A t W ik f a l rd d l d r br t h r
    a ee or our o an o e o e s .

    Aw k O H a l i th l d f hi ll d r i
    e. a na e , e an o c an a n,

    Th l d w h r th e an l d h v r! e e e c ou s o e

    Aw k O K h th h d m
    a e a ua f H l i!
    oa , e an so e on e o ana e

    To th e s e w o rd s the g i a t o f H a n a l e i a n s w e r e d To d a y w e w ill g i v e
    “
    n ,
    -

    ba tt l e To d a y e i th e r m y s p ea r w ill s ee k you r d ea th or you r s p ea r w ill


    .
    - '

    s ee k m i n e .To d a y o n o n e o f u s m u s t f a ll the h ea v y s i c k n es s
    -
    .

    T h i s a n s w e r a l a r m e d K a w e l o b u t he f a n n e d h i s fl i c k e r i g c o u r a g e ,
    n

    w i th the r e m em b r a n c e o f the k i t e i n c i d en t a n d r e p l i e d

    H l i th l d f l d d w t an a e , e an o co an e .

    H l i th l d w h r th l d h v !
    ana e , e an e e e c ou s o er

    Th Uk i k i th th rly t r m
    e uf H k
    u, e n or e s o , o a na oa .

    Th l i ff f K l h w k i e c i v is o a e ua e a re n a n .

    Th l m d il i il i
    e i fl w r
    a a an t tf tt' a re n o e .

    Th r i t h t fl i by d Mmlh
    e a n a es e on a a a oa

    I l ik K h th
    s m eth t K m l m a ua w i ll d f t
    oa , e an a a a a a e ea .

    ‘
    S Gl
    ee ry
    o ss a .
    Be r n ice P . B is hop !Mus e u m — B u lle tin

    As t i me w en t gr i ev ed b ec a use he ha d oth i n g to g i v e in
    on K a e l e ha n

    r e t u r n for so m uc h k i n d n es s At l a st his s h a m e w a s so gr ea t th a t he .

    d ec i d e d to l e s sen i t b y t e lli n g A ik a n a k a t h a t he co u l d co n q ue r K a wel o b y


    thro w i n g s t o n e s a t him T h i s s ec r e t b r o u ght g l a d n e s s to the k i n g s h ea rt
    .
    ’

    a n d he c r i ed My b o n e s s h a ll li v e a g a i n !
    “ ”
    , S o A ik a n a k a a n d K a e leha
    co u n s e l e d t o g eth e r The k i n g s en t hi s m e n to p il e u p s t o n es n ea r Wa h i a w a
    . .

    I n the m e a n t i m e th e s e p l a s ha d b ee n c a rr i e d to K a w e l o w ho s e t to n ,
    n

    fi n d o u t fr o m K a m a la m a i f th e y w e re tr u e K a m a la m a h u rr i ed to Wa .

    h i a w a w h e r e he s a w a gr ea t m a n y p eo p l e on the p l a i n s ga th e r i n g a n d p ili n g
    ,

    up sto e n W h i l e h e w a t c h ed a m a n a ppro ac h ed h i m a d s a i d th a t th es e
    s .
    ,
    n

    s t o n es w e r e b e i n g g a th e r e d to g i v e b a tt l e to K a w e l o th e u s u rp e r ,
    .

    K a ma la m a se n t th i s r epo rt to K a w el o w ho w a s fi ll e d w i th a g e r He ,
    n .

    h a s t en e d to Wa h i a w a w h e re he d i sc o v e r ed Ka ele ha s w a r c a no e s c o cea l e d
    ,
    ’
    n

    b e h i d the gr ea t p i l e o f s t o es T h e r e to o he s a w m a n y m en a r m e d w i th
    n n .
    , ,

    s t o es r ea d y to g i v e b a tt l e Ix a w elo ha d o l y his s p e a r a d his w i fe s ’

    n , . n n

    H e a n d his w i f e h a d to fight w i th a ll o f A ik a a k a s m e n
    ’

    pik o i . It w a s n .

    i m p o s s ib l e fo r th e v a li a n t K a w e l o to ( l o d g e a l l the s t o n es w h i c h w e re fl y i n g
    a t h im fr o m a l l d i r ec t i o n s T h ey p il e d u p o v e r h is h ea d S e v e r a l t i m es he
    . .

    s h oo k th e m o ff At l a s t he b ec a m e w ea k a n d the s t o e s w e r e a s a gra v e to
    . n

    him . H is w i fe w a il i g l o u d l y fle d
    ,
    n , .

    B e li e v i n g th a t he w a s d ea d the m e n r em o v ed the st o n es a n d b ea t his ,

    b r u i s ed bo d y w i th st i c k s u n t i l th ey c o u l d f ee l n o m o r e p u l s e T h en m e s .

    s e n ge r s w e r e s en t to pr o c l a i m A ik a n a k a k i n g o f K a u a i a g a i n .

    M e n ca rr i ed the bo d y o f K a w el o to K ol o a w h e r e A ik a a k a ha d b u i lt , n

    a h ei a u T h e r e th ey l a i d the b o d y a n d c o v e r ed i t w i th b a n a n a l ea v es
    .
    ,

    p l a n n i n g to r et u r i the m o r i n g to o ff e r the s a c r i fi c e
    n n n .

    The h ea t c r e a t e d b y th e b a n a n a l ea v e s b r u ght w a r m th to the c o l d b o d y o ,

    a n d a t m i d n i ght K a w e l o r et u r n e d to li f e H e got s l o w l y to his f ee t a n d .

    w a lk e d a b o u t the e c l o s u r e w a i t i g fo r d a y li ght
    n n .

    The g u a r d hea rd the f oo t s t e p s in the h ei a u a n d f e a r t oo k h o l d o f him .

    fo r he b el i e v e d th a t K a w e lo s gh os t h a d r e t u r n ed to s ee k v en g ea n c e
    ’

    C r eep i g u p to the w a l l he s a w K a w el o s t a n d i g a n d so he c a ll ed I s
    n n ,
    “

    th a t in tr uth yo u K a w e l o ? Ha s d ea th d e p a rt e d fro m yo u
    ,
    ?”

    A v o i c e a n s w e r e d Wh e r e is A ik a n a k a w i th his m en ? \t e r e a m I
    ,
    “
    ;

    Wh e he h ea r d th e s e w o r d s the g u a r d k e w th a t K a w e l o w a s n ot d ea d
    ’
    n ,
    n .

    “
    T h ey a r e fa r d i s t a t r ep l i ed the g u a r d T h ey a r e s l eep i n g At
    n , .
    “
    .

    s u n r i s e th ey r et u r n to p l a c e y o u r b o d y on th e a l t a r a d to o ff e r yo u a s n

    a s a c r i fi c e to A ik a n a k a s go d I t is w o n d e rf u l th a t yo u l i v e I w ill h e l p
    ’
    . .

    yo u i a y w a y I c a n e v e n i f in s o d o i g d e a th co m e to m y b o n e s
    ”
    n n ,
    n , .

    T h es e wo r d s c h ee r ed K a w el o a d he a s k e d fo r his m i ght y s p ea r T h e n . n

    h e d i r ec t e d the g u a rd in th e s e w o r d s T o w a r d s m o r n i n g I sha l l lie d o w “


    ,
    n .
    Ri c e
    —
    H a w a iia n L egen d s 67

    Yo u co v e r m e a g a i w i th the b a n a n a l ea v es Wh en Aika n a k a a n d his


    n .

    fr i en d s en t e r the h e i a u w h i s p e r to m e .
    ”

    S o K a w e l o la y c o n c ea l e d u n d e r the b a n a n a l ea v e s A ik a n a k a d id n o t
    .

    c o m e u n t il n o on a n d the h i dd en m a n w a s gr ea t l y a n n o y e d a s he w a s v e r y

    u n co m f o rt a bl e .

    At l a s t he h ea r d the g u a rd w h i s p e r K a w e l o K a w el o a w a k e !
    , , ,

    A ik a n a k a y ou r tr e a c h e ro u s so n a n d a ll th e i r s o l d i e r s a r e in the h e i a u !
    ”
    , ,

    T h en p u lli n g o ff the b a n a n a l e a v e s the g u a rd c a ll e d a l ou d a s K a w e l o s t oo d


    up ,
    “
    B eh o l d ! K a w e lo ha s co m e to li fe ! Utt e r a s t on i s h m en t se i ze d the
    ”

    men . T h ey cou l d n ot b e li e v e th a t th i s w a s he w ho m th ey ha d l e ft a s d ea d .

    S t e pp i g t o w a r d s K a e le ha K a w e l o c r i e d My so n w h om I fed a n d
    “
    n , ,

    c a r e d fo r w hy d i d yo u t u r n a ga i n s t m e ?
    , T o d a y you s h a ll pa y the c o s t .

    A n d yo u A ik a n a k a s h a ll d ie t o d a y too
    ”
    .
    , , ,

    T h en Ka w e l o h u r l e d his fa i thf u l s p ea r a n d k ill e d a ll b ut the gu a rd .

    To h im he ga v e K o l o a w h e re he s h ou l d r e i gn a s h i gh c h i e f
    , .

    K a w el o r e t u r n e d to Ha n a m a u l u a n d th e re li v e d in p ea c e u n t il the d a y
    o f his d ea th .
    68 B er n ice P . B is hop M ns e uni —
    B u lle tin

    TH E D ES T R U C T I O N O F TH E A K UA O N NI I HA U

    The p eop l e o f th e i sl a n d s of K a ua i an d Ni i h a u w e r e
    t m e d to acc u s o

    go i n g to o n e e n d o f Ni i h a u to fi sh B u t i t o ft en h a pp en e d th a t w h il e th ey
    .

    w e r e s l eep i n g o n the s a n d a ft e r a h a r d d a y s fi s h i n g the a k u a w ou l d co m e


    ’

    a n d d e v o u r m a n y o f th e m e n .

    At l a s t on e b ra v e ma n d ec l a r ed th a t he w ou l d d e s tr oy the a k ua a n d r i d
    th e i s l a n d o f th i s d a n g e r S o he b u il t a l o n g h ou s e s i m il a r to a c a n o e
    .
    ,

    h ou s e l ea v i n g on l y o n e en tr a n ce T h en he m a d e m a ny k ii o r w oo d en
    ,
    .
    ,

    i m a g es o f p eo p l e p l a c i n g in the h ea d s mo tt l ed gr a y a n d bl ac k eyes o f opihi


    , ,

    o r m u s s el s h e ll
    ,
    .T h es e i ma ges he p u t in the h o us e c on c ea l i n g h i m s el f ,

    outsi d e .

    At n i ght the a ku a b ega n to c o m e fo r th e i r u s u a l m ea l Lo ok i n g i n to .

    the h ou se th ey sa w the k i i w i th th e i r s h i n i n g e y es At fi r s t th i s s u rpr i se d


    .

    th em b u t a s the i m a ges la y v e ry s t ill the a k ua d ec i d ed th a t the K a ua i m en


    , ,

    s l e pt w i th th e i r e e s o p en a n d so th e y e n t e r e d a n d t r i ed to e a t th e i m a g e s
    y , ,

    w i th d i r e r es u l t s T h e i r t eeth w ere c a u ght in the w oo d a n d w h il e th ey


    .
    ,

    w e r e s tr u gg li n g to fr ee th em the c r a ft y K a u a i m a n q u i c k l y s h u t the do o r
    ,

    a n d s et fi r e to the h ous e a n d a l l the c r u el a k ua w e r e b u r n e d to d ea th


    , .

    T h e r ea ft e r Ni i h a u b ec a m e sa fe fo r fi s h e r m e n a n d th i s p a rt o f the i s l a n d
    ,

    s t ill b ea r s the n a m e Kii .


    70 B e r n ice P
    ~ . B is hop M us e u m— B ulle tin

    d a u ght e r to th y p r i n c es o f the i s l a d w i th w h om th ey c o u l d
    o n e o f the w ea l n

    li v e a n d s p en d th e i r o ld a ge No w th e i r d a ught e r ha d m a rr i ed a t r a m p
    .
    , ,

    a s tr a n g e r w i th n o th i n g a n d th e y th e m s el v e s w e r e w i th ou t f o o d
    , .

    The pr i n c es o f K a u a i w e r e a l s o a n gr y a s th ey ha d w i s h e d to w in ,

    La a ma om ao s h a n d a n d s o the s tr a n g e r fr o m Ha w a ii w a s h a t e d b y a ll
    ’

    , .

    S oo n h o w e v e r Kua a n u a n u ha d p l a n t e d t a r o p o t a t oes s u g a r c a n e
    , ,
    -
    , , ,

    a n d b a n a n a s to pr o v i d e f o o d fo r h is w i f e a n d he r f a m i l y Wh e n th e y ha d .

    li v e d th u s fo r tw o m on th s a m e s s e n ge r fro m the k i n g o f Ha w a i i c a m e to
    ,

    Kua a n ua n u a n d s a i d B y the o rd e r o f the k i n g I c o m e to t a ke yo u ho m e


    “
    -
    .
    ,

    The s e rv an t s w h om you l e ft in you r p l a c e a r e n o t s k ill e d in p r ov i d i g fo r n

    the k i n g Yo u r l o rd s a y s th a t you h a v e t r a v e l e d lo n g en o u gh ”
    . .

    H ea r i g th es e w o r d s Ku a a n u a u w e pt bi tt e r l y b eca u s e his k i n g w a s
    n ,
    -
    n

    in t ro u bl e At l a s t he a n s w e r e d I w i ll r et u r n w i th yo u O n th i s i s l a n d “
    .
    , .

    I h a v e m a rr i e d I h a v e p l a n t e d f oo d fo r m y w i f e a n d he r p a r en t s
    . I t is .

    n o t r i p e ye t I f I go m y w i fe w il l b e in gr ea t n ee d
    . S he w ill b e f o r c e d to .

    c r a w l to o th e r s d oo r s a n d b e g fo r f oo d B u t m y l o v e fo r m y k i n g ca l l s
    ’
    .

    me . T h es e bo n es a r e his He ha s the p o w e r to t a k e m y h ea d i f he s o
    .

    c h o o s es I c a n n o t d i s o b e y a n y o f h is c o m m a n d s
    . .

    T h a t e v en i n g K ua a n ua n u to l d La a m a om a o th a t he m us t r e t u r n to his
    -

    k i n g b u t she mu s t s t a y o n K a ua i He e x p l a i n ed to her th a t h e w a s n ot a .

    co mmo n tr a m p a s he r p a r e n t s b e li e v e d b u t a c h i e f a n d th e b a c k b o n e o f a ,

    k i n g To b e k n o w n a s the b a c k b o n e o f the k i n g w a s the h i gh e s t h o n o r


    .

    a c h i e f co u l d a tt a i n H e t a l k e d o v e r the pr o b a bl e bi rth o f a c h il d to th e m
    .
    ,

    t elli n g her to n a m e a g i r l a ft e r her fr i en d s b u t to n a m e a bo y Pa a k a a , ,

    w h i c h m e a n s the s k i n o f his k i n g c r a c k e d w i th dr i n k i n g area .

    A ll th ese th i n g s m a d e the b ea u t i f u l La a m ao ma o w ee p bi tt e r l y b u t she ,

    s u m b itte d to he r c r u e l f a t e a n d the n e x t d a
    y b a d e he r h u s b a n d a l o h a a s

    he d ep a rt e d w i th the m e s s e g e r n .

    A ft e r a t i me a b oy w a s bo r n to La a ma oma o a d she c a ll e d h im Pa a k aa n ,

    a s s he ha d b e e n c o mm a n d e d b y the f a t h e r The h a pp y m o th e r th o u ght th a t .

    n o w the a n g e r o f he r p a r e n t s w o u l d b e a pp e a s e d b u t th ey r e f u se d to r ece i v e ,

    he r a d c a ll e d the b a b y the c h il d o f a s e rv a n t
    n T h ey co u l d n ot f o rg et the .

    p l a n s th ey ha d m a d e fo r th e i r d a u ght er to m a rr y a c h i e f o f K a ua i .

    A n d so La a m ao m a o l i v e d o n a l o e w h e r e the pa l i r i s e s fr om the s ea a t n

    K a p a a a n d th e r e s he b r ought u p her b oy
    , .

    Wh e M a ilo u La a ma o m a o s b r oth e r w ho l o v e d he r d ea rl y s a w ho w h is
    n ,
    ’

    , ,

    s i s t e r w a s b e i n g t r e a t e d he s t a ye d w i th her a d h e l p e d h e r c a r e fo r h e r b oy
    ,
    n .

    M a i lo u w a s v e r y s k ill f u l in c a t c h i n g bi rd s a s h is n a m e s i g n i fi e s a n d in th i s . ,

    w a y h e m a d e a li v i n g fo r th em a l l .
    Ri ce— H a w a iia n L egen d s 71

    At on e t i m e w h en th ey w e r e in gr ea t tro u bl e La a mao ma o s en t M a ilo u to


    her b r o th e r s a n d s i st e r s b egg i n g fo r h e l p T h ey pro v i d ed fo r th e i r ou t c a s t
    .

    s i s t e r w i th ou t l e tt i n g th e i r p a r en t s k n o w .

    A s Pa a k a a gr e w o l d e r he b eg a n to w o n d e r w h e r e hi s f a th e r w a s a n d ,

    s o o e d a y h e a s k e d hi s m o th e r a b o u t h im
    n ,
    The m o th e r n o t w i s h i n g to .
    ,

    e xp l a i n to the b o y the f a th e r s go i n g to l d h im th a t M a il ou w a s his f a th e r


    ’
    .
    ,

    T h i s th e c h il d wo u l d n ot b e li e v e s a y i n g He ca n n ot b e my f a th e r H e
    , ,
    .

    is v e r y s m a ll a n d I a m v e r y l a rg e
    ”
    .

    Aft e r m a n y s uc h q ues t io n s La a m a o m ao w a s f o rce d to t e ll Pa a k a a the


    tr u th S he sa i d to him Loo k w h e re the s u n r i se s T h e r e yo u r fa th e r li v es
    .
    ,
    “
    . .

    We f eel the w i n d w h i c h is s en t fr o m th e r e b y the k i n g the k ee p e r o f a ll ,

    the w i n d s
    ”
    .

    So the b o y b e li e v e d his m o th e r a n d r eso l v e d th a t w h e n he b e co m e o l d e r


    he w o u l d s ee k his f a th e r .

    Mea n w h il e he t r i ed to i n c rea s e hi s s k i ll in a ll th i g s w h i c h a d d to m a n n

    h oo d He b eca m e v e ry s k ill fu l in fa r m i n g fi sh i n g s u rfi n g a n d h ew i n g
    .
    , , ,

    Ou t ca n oes b u t h e d ec i d e d to b e co m e a fi s h e rm a n
    ,
    .

    Wh en the k i n g s fi s h e r m en w ere dr i v i n g the fl y i n g fi s h Pa a k a a w o u l d


    ’

    f ol l o w the fi s h e r m en a n d th ey a l w a ys g a v e him a fe w fi sh He c omp l a i n e d .

    to his m o th e r th a t he w a s g i v en o n l y a fe w fi s h w h il e a ll the o th e r s r ece i v e d

    ma n y S he t o l d him th a t th i s w a s b e ca u se the fi s h e r m e n c o n s i d e r e d M a ilou


    .

    v e ry l a z y a n d d i d no t w a n t to h e l p him .

    T h en P a a k a a be ga n to b eg his m o th e r to a ll ow h i m to j o i n the fi s he r
    m en . S he f ea r e d th a t he w a s to o s m a ll a n d co u l d n o t s w i m w e ll e n ough .

    B u t the b oy a s s u r e d his m o th e r th a t he c o u l d s w i m a s w e ll a s a n y o f the


    m en . At l a s t s he pro m i s ed to get her b r oth e r s ca no e for the b oy ’
    .

    A s P a a k a a w a t c h e d the fi s h e r m e n he n o t i ce d how d i ffi c u l t i t w a s to
    p a d d l e the c a n oes o u t to the d eep sea so he t r i ed to fi n d a w ay to l e s sen the ,

    l a b o r Da y a n d n i ght he dr ea m e d At l a s t a th o u ght c a m e to him H e


    . . .

    f ou n d a n d cu t tw o s l en d e r s tr a i ght st i c k s n i n e feet in l en gt h T h en he
    , .

    t oo k a roll o f la u ha la a n d wo v e a sm a ll s q u a r e m a t T h i s fi n i s h e d he t i ed .
    ,

    its en d s to the s t i c k s th u s m a k i n g a s a il a s he ha d d r e a m e d o f d o i n g so
    , ,

    th a t his s h o u l d e r s wo u l d n ot a c h e fro m p a dd li n g his c a n o e T h e the b oy . n

    w e n t ho m e to a w a i t his u n c l e s r e t u r n T h u s w a s the fir s t s a il m a d e
    ’
    . .

    Aft e r M a ilou ha d b r ou ght bi rd s fro m the mo u n t a i n s the li tt l e f a m il y


    p a rt oo k o f the ev en i n g m ea l T h en La a m aoma o t o l d he r b roth e r th a t o n
    .

    the m o r i n g h e m u s t h e lp l i ft Pa a k a a in his ca o e i n t o th e s ea
    n M a ilo u n .

    co m p l a i n e d s a y i g th a t h e w a s a bl e to su pp l y en o u gh bi rd s a n d th a t th e y
    ,
    n

    d i d n ot n eed fi s h La a m a o m a o too b e g i n i n g a ga i n to f ea r fo r he r c h i l d s
    .
    , ,
    n
    '

    s a f et y u rg ed h i m to s t a y a t h o m e
    , B u t the bo y h a v i n g the s a m e d e te r m i
    .
    ,

    n a t i o n w h i c h ha d le d his m o th e r to m a rr
    y w i th o u t h e r p a r e n t s c o n se n t
    ’

    ,
    B er n ice P . B is hop M i i s eu 1n
    -
    .
    -
    B -ulleti n

    c ou ld d i s s u a d ed fr om his p l a n a n d h is el d e r s r el u c t an t l y con sen t e d


    n ot be ,
    .

    Ea r l y the n ex t m o r n i n g M a ilo u li ft e d the c a n o e i n to the w a t e r S ee i n g .

    the s t r a n ge l ook i n g l a n ha la ma t he a s k ed th e b oy w h a t i t w a s
    -
    ,
    B u t Pa ak a a .

    t ol d h i m to w a i t a n d s ee His u n c l e a n s w e r ed b y s a yi n g th a t the fi s h e rm en
    .

    w o u l d l a u gh a t h im i f he w e n t fi s h i n g w i th s u c h a s tr a n g e o bj ec t So the .

    b oy e x p l a i n e d w h a t i t w a s a n d s ett i n g u p the m a s t p u s h e d o u t the boo m


    , , .

    The ea r l y m o r n i g b r ee z e fr om the m o u n t a i n s fi ll e d th e sa il a n d c a rr i ed
    n

    the c a n o e a l o n g P a a k a a s t ee r e d the ca n o e a n d i t g li d e d gr a ce f u ll y
    .

    thro u gh the w a t e r a s i f i t w ere a li v i n g th i n g .

    Ma ilo u w a s a s t o n i s h ed Wh en h e s a w w h a t the b oy ha d d on e he c a ll e d
    .

    o u t to h im th a t h i s to r y w o u l d r e m e m b e r h im a s the fir s t p e r son to s a il

    a c a n oe .

    A s Pa a k a a n ea e r d
    fi s h e r men b e c on cea l e d his s a il T h ey w e r e s u r
    the ,
    .

    p r i se d to s ee the b oy a n d w on d e r ed w hy his u n c l e ha d n ot c ome w i th h im .

    The dr i v e o f the fl y i n g fi s h b eg a n Pa a k a a s c a n oe w a s in the m i dd l e


    ’
    .

    o f the fl ee t H e s oon s a w th a t the m en o n the o u t s i d e got the fi r s t fi s h


    .

    c a u ght in the n et s so he p a d d l e d to the o u t s i d e


    ,
    The o l d e r m en c a ll ed .

    to h i m th a t his p l ace w a s n ot th e r e b u t h e w en t o n li ft i n g u p the n et a n d


    ,

    gett i n g m a n y fi s h Wh en th ey s t a rt ed ho m e the b oy ha d e i ght y fi sh in h is


    .

    c a n oe .

    Pa a k a a rg ed the m en to ra ce to l a n d p l a c i n g a ll the fi s h a s the w a ge r


    u ,
    .

    A ft e r m u c h w r a n g li n g a l a rg e c a no e p a dd l e d b y e i ght men a c c ept e d the


    ,

    boy s c h a l l en g e fir st p l a c i n g a l l th ei r fi sh in his ca n oe fo r h e i n s i s t ed th a t
    ’

    , ,

    th ey m i ght t a k e a dv a n t a ge o f his s i z e a n d k ee p the fi sh e v en th o u gh th ey ,

    l os t the r a c e .

    The s i g n a l to s t a rt w a s g i v e n a n d in n o t i m e the e i ght p a dd l e r s l e ft


    Pa a k a a fa r b e h i n d Wh en th ey sa w the b oy t u r n i n g the b o w o f his bo a t
    .

    to the w i n d a n d a rr a n g i n g a m a t th ey j ee r e d a t him a n d a s k e d w h e r e his

    bo a s t ed s tr en gth w a s .

    A s s oo n a s Pa a k aa ha d h o i s t e d h is s a il he t u r n e d his ca n oe t ow a rd ,

    l a n d The w i n d fi ll e d the s a il a n d th e c a n oe b eg a n to s k i m o v e r the d eep


    .

    s ea . Wh en h e n ea r ed the l a rge b oa t the m en b eg a n to p a dd l e w i th a ll ,

    th e i r st r e gth b u t the li tt l e ca no e s a il e d q u i c k l y b y th em a n d th ey h ea rd
    n ,

    the b oy c a lli n g Us e m o r e s tr en gth so th a t soo n e r y o u m a y dr i n k the


    ,

    w a t e r o f Wa il u a Pa a k a a the fir s t bo r n w ill ea t the fl y i n g fi sh


    ”
    .
    .
    , ,

    Pa a k a a r e a c h e d the d r y s a n d l o n g b e f o r e the oth e r s a n d so the o n e


    h u n dr ed a n d s i xt y fi s h in the c a n oe w e r e his H e s h a red th e m w i th the .

    p eo p l e w ho c ro w d e d a rou n d to s ee the s tr a n ge s a il a n d w ho w on d e r ed ,

    a t h is c l e v e r n es s T h en r o lli n g u p th e s a il a n d p u tt i n g the fi s h in a b a g
    .
    , ,

    Pa a k a a h u rr i ed h om e to t ell h is m oth e r a n d u n c l e o f hi s g oo d fo rt u n e .
    Be r n ic e P . B is hop M u s e n ni— B nlle fin

    co n tr o ll e d the w i d s B e fo r e he r d ea th s he pu t a ll the w i n d s i n t o th i s
    n .

    c a l a b a s h a d g a v e i t to m e
    n S he t o l d me th a t a ft e r h e r d ea th he r bo n e s
    .

    w e r e to b e c o n c ea l e d in the c a l a b a s h w i th the w i n d s T h i s I w a s to k eep .

    c a r e f u ll y u n t i l m y son s h o u l d n e e d i t No w I p l a c e i t in you r k eep i n g . .

    Y o u w ill fi n d i t v e r y u se f u l o n yo u r j o u r n ey I f b e ca l m ed yo u c a n s u m .
    ,

    mo n a n y w i n d yo u w i s h I f r i d i c u l e d o p en the c a l a b a s h a n d c a l l fo r a
    .
    ,

    fa i r w i n d w h i c h w ill c a rry you sa f e l y to l a n d T h i s p ow e r to co n tr o l the .

    w i n d s w ill w in yo u m u c h f a m e w i th k i n g s
    ”
    .

    T h en L a a m a o m ao t a u ght Pa a k a a the n a m e s o f a ll the w i n d s a n d the


    pray e r s a n d ni ele u se d w i th e a c h T h u s w a s he r o n l y so n pr ep a r e d to go .

    in s e a r c h o f the f a th e r he ha d n e v e r se en .

    I n the m ea n t i m e P a iea ha d c o l l e c t e d a gr e a t c r o w d o f h i gh a n d lo w
    c h i e fs r et a i n e r s a n d fo ll o w e r s So ma n y ca n oes w er e n eed e d to t r a n s p o rt
    , , .

    th i s c ro w d th a t w h e n th ey p ut to sea the w a t e r b e t w een K a ua i a n d O a h u


    b eca m e c a l m The c a n oes l ook ed li k e a gr ea t m a s s o f c lo u d s
    . .

    T h i s fl ee t o f c a n oes l a n d e d a t Wa i k i k i w h e r e the k i n g w a s en t e rt a i n ed
    w i th gr ea t p o m p A ft e r a fe w d a y s Pa iea w en t o n to M o l o k a i a n d M a u i
    .

    a n d c a m e fi n a ll y to H a w a i i w h e r e a l a n d i n g w a s m a d e a t K o h a l a He r e .

    the p eo p l e b e ca m e a l a r m ed u po n see i n g s o m a n y c a n o es a n d b el i e v i n g i t ,

    to b e a b a tt l e fl ee t pr e p a r e d to a tt a c k the e n e m y
    , .

    H o w e v e r a s so o n a s th ey r eco g n i z e d Pa iea th ey s en t w o rd to th ei r
    ,

    k i n g w ho o r d e r e d m es sen ge r s to c on d u c t h i m to Wa i p i o T h e r e he w a s
    , .

    g i v en a grea t w e l co me The p eo p l e g l a d l y b ro u ght pr esen t s o f f oo d s o


    .

    th a t the g uest s fr om K a u a i ha d m o r e th a n th ey c ou l d eat T h a t d a y the .

    s m o k e fro m the m a n y i nt n w h e r e p i g s c h i c ken s t a r o a n d ba n a n a s w e re


    -

    , , ,

    c o ok i n g o b s c u r e d th e s u n
    , .

    T h i s h os p i t a li t y d id n o t l a s t The s t r ea m s w h i c h ha d p o u re d in f oo d
    .

    b eg a n to gro w d r y Wa t c a m e a n d Pa iea s fo ll o w e r s ha d to h u t fo o d
    . n
    ’
    n

    fo r th e m s e l v e s S o i t a l w ay s w a s The fi r s t d a ys o f the s t r a n g e r s v i s i t
    ’
    . .

    w e r e o v e r s u pp l i e d th e l a s t d a y s w e r e n eg l ec t e d
    , .

    A s the d a y s w e n t b y a n d the s h o rt a g e o f f o o d c a m e P a a k a a e v e r y , ,

    b o d y s s l a v e w a s o ft en h u n gry Loo k i n g a t the k i n g a n d his c h i e f a d v i s o r


    ’

    , .

    the b o y wo u ld g r e a tly a m u s e the c ro w d b y s a y i n g I f I c a n r e ac h tho se


    “
    ,

    tw o o l d men yo n d e r I c a n h a v e a ll I w a n t F o r th ese w o rd s he w a s r i d i
    ”
    .

    c u led . Ho w c o u ld he e v e r h o p e to r e a c h m en so w ell g u a r d e d ? D i d he
    ot k n o w th a t to go i n t o the k i g s pr e s e c e m ea n t d e a th ?
    ’

    n n n

    B t Pa a k a a w a i t e d h is o pp o rt u n i t y
    u O n e l a y he p u t o n a fr e s h m a . c

    a n d t a p a a d w a t c h e d fo r a m o m e t w h e n the s o l d i e r s w e r e n o t l oo k i n g
    n n .

    I a n u n g ua r d e d ec o d he p a s s e d th e m a n d r a n r a p i d l y to h is fa th e r a n d
    n s n

    j um p e d o n t o his la p .
    Rice —
    H a w a iia n L egen d s 75

    A m on g the o ld Ha w a ii a n s i t w a s the la w o f the l a n d th a t o n l y h is o w n


    c h il d c o u l d s it o n his f a th e r s la p S o K u a a n u a n u a sk e d the n a m e o f
    ’
    -
    .

    th i s b oy w ho ha d d a r ed to b r ea k the k a p Wh en he h ea rd the n a m e u .
    ,

    P a a k a a he k e w th a t th i s w a s his so
    ,
    n bo r n to the b e lo v e d w i fe he h a d n,

    l e ft o n K a u a i a n d n a m e d b y he r a s he ha d o r d e r ed He pr es s ed the b oy .

    to his h ea rt a n d w e pt bi tt e r l y fo r th e a b s e n t m o th e r .

    T h en he t o l d the k i g o f h is m a rr i a g e o n K a u a i The k i n g w a s d e
    n .

    l i ght e d w i th Pa a k a a a d s a i d Y o u m u s t t ea c h y ou r s o n a ll yo u k n o w s o
    n ,
    “

    th a t i f you s l eep the l o n g s l eep b e fo r e I d o he c a n c a r e fo r m e M e s sen ge r s .

    w e r e se t to o rd e r the p eo p l e to b r i n g g i ft s fo r P a a k a a the k i n g s n e w
    ’
    n ,

    s t ew a r d T h ey c a m e w i th gr ea t r ej o i c i n g c a rry i n g ma n y p re sen t s of foo d


    .
    ,

    a n d c l o th i n g .

    Wh e P a iea a n d his fo l l o w e r s s a w i n t o w h a t a p o s i t i o n P a a k a a ha d
    n

    fa ll e th ey w e r e a fr a i d f r th ey r ec a l l ed th e i r u n k i n d t r ea t m e t o f the
    n, ,
    o n

    b oy . B u t P a a k a a w a s fo rg i v i n g a d g l a d l y d i v i d e d a ll h is g i ft s a m o n g n

    the k i n g a n d h is r e t a i n e r s a cco rd i n g to th e soc i a l s t a n d i n g o f ea c h p e r s o n


    . .

    S o the s o n o f La a m a o m a o ha d co m e i n t o his o w n A s he gr e w in .

    s t a t u r e b e b eca m e v e r
    y h a n d so m e I n c u l t i v a t i o o f the l a n d in n a v i ga t i o
    . n ,
    n,

    in fi s h i g in a str o l o gy Pa a k a a e x cel l ed a l l o th e r s T h i s s k ill b r o u ght


    n , , .

    him gr ea t f a v o r w i th the k i g w h o g a v e him l a n d s M a n y o f Pa ie a s


    ’
    n .

    r et a i n e r s pr e fe rre d to s t a y w i th him w h e th e i r k i n g r et u r n e d to K a u a i a n d n ,

    s o he b e c a m e n e x t to th e h i gh es t c h i e f o n H a w a ii .

    I n h is g o o d fo rt u n e P a a k a a d id o t fo rge t h is m o th e r a n d w h e n P a ie a n

    w en t h o m e h e s e t c a no e s l o a d e d w i th g i ft s to he r
    n M a n y t i m e s a ft e r .

    w a rd s he s en t ca n oe l o a d s o f p r e s e n t s to he r s o th a t he r d a y s o f w a n t ,

    w e r e en d e d I a dv e r s i t y La a ma o m a o h a d ha d n o fr i e d s
    . n I p ro s p e r i t y n . n

    m a y c l a i m e d r e l a t i o n s h i p w i th he r a n d a tt a c h e d th em s e l v e s to he r h o u s e
    n

    h ol d .

    W h en Pa a k a a ha d r ea c h e d h is t w e n t y fi fth y ea r his f a th e r f e ll i l l The -


    .

    k a h u a w ho w e r e s u mm o n e d s a i d th a t n o th i g co u l d b e d o n e fo r him
    n n .

    K n o w i n g th a t d ea th w a s ea r the fa i thf u l o ld c h i e f c a ll ed his s o n to his


    '

    n ,

    s i d e a n d sa i d M y d a y s o ea rth o u gro w i n g few I l ea v e m y k i n g in


    '
    '

    ,
    n .

    yo u r c a r e L i s t e n to his c o mm a n d s a t a l l t i m e s
    . C a r e fo r th e f oo d w h i c h .

    is n o t e a t e n D r y i t a n d p l a c e i t in c a l a b a s h e s
    . C a r e fo the fi s h a n d the . r

    gr o w i n g arwa C a r e fo r the k i n g s s bj ect s h i gh a n d lo w


    .
    '

    u , .

    Aft e r d ea th ha d c l a i m ed K u a a u a n u th e r e w a s gr ea t mo u r i g in the —
    n n n

    l a n d The k i n g a d a l l h is s bj ec t s w ept bi tt e r l y fo r h im the m o s t b e l o v e d


    . n u ,

    o f a ll o H a w a ii
    n Wh e n the d a ys o f mo u r n i n g w e re o v e r Pa a k a a t oo k his
    .

    f a th e r s p l a c e H e w a s m a d e h e a d C h a m b e r l a i n d i v i n e r t rea s r e r a n d n a v i
    ’
    .
    , , u

    g a t o r H e b ec a m e th e itai k u a n oo the b a c k b o n e o f the k i n g


    .
    — —
    i , .
    B e r n ice -
    P . B is ho p M se n ni ri
    -
    r —
    B ulle tin

    At th i s t i m e Ka h ik uo k a mo k u the pr i m e m i n i st e r d i v i d e d the go v e r n
    L
    , ,

    m en t o f the i s l a n d i n t o fi v e s ec t i o n s e a c h s ec t i o n be i n g p l a c e d u n d e r a ,

    ch i ef Un d e r th i s s y s t e m a n d Pa a k a a s g u i d a n c e H a w a i i w a s a t p ea c e
    ’
    .
    . ,

    The h i gh a n d lo w l o v ed P a a k a a cl ea r l y a s he w a s v e r y j u s t in a ll his ,

    d ea l i n g s The k i n g l o v e d him b e c a us e he h a d ev en m o r e a bil i t y th a n his


    .

    fa th e r .

    Ho w e v e r a s a l w ay s h a pp e n s Pa a k a a ha d en e m i e s w ho tr i e d to u n d e r
    , ,

    m i e h i m w i th the k i n g
    n T h es e w e r e tw o m en Hook e le i h ilo Na v i g a to r
    .
    ,
    - —
    ,

    to H il o a n d H oo k e le i p u n a
    -
    , Na v i g a t o r to P u n a s k ill f u l n a v i g a t o r s w ho
    - -
    ,
    - -
    ,

    c o u l d s a il th e s ea s a n d w ho c ou l d f o r e t e ll w ea th e r co n d i t i o n s In f a c t .

    th ey k n ew a l mo s t a s m u c h a b o u t n a v i g a t i on a s Pa ak a a d i d b u t th ey l a ck e d ,

    the c a l a b a s h o f w i n d s T h ey w i sh e d for th em s el v es the po w e r a n d h on o r


    .

    th a t b el on ge d to the yo u thf u l Pa ak a a So a t e v e r y o pp o rt u n i ty th ey c om .

    p l a i n ed a n d l i ed to the k i n g a b ou t Pa a k a a a n d b oa s t e d o f th ei r o w n a bili t y .

    L i tt l e b y li tt l e th e k i n g w a s d ec e i v ed b y th es e l i e s a n d b eg a n to t u r n
    a g a i n s t his fa i th f u l s e rv a n t w ho n e v e r d r ea m e d w h a t w a s go i n g o n
    ,
    At .

    l a s t the t i m e c a m e w h en the k i n g t ook a w ay a l l Pa a k a a s c a n oe s a n d a l l ’

    his l a n d e x ce pt tw o s m a ll l o t s g i v i n g th e s e po s ses s i o n s i n t o the k eep i n g o f


    ,

    the b oy s e n e m i es Pa a k a a w a s n o w o n l y t r e a s u re r o f the k i n g a n d c a r e
    ’
    .

    t a k e r o f his h o u ses .

    Po o r Pa a k a a w a s s o r e a t h ea rt fo r he k n e w th a t he w a s u n j u s t l y ,

    t r ea t e d S oo n the c h i e f s f oll o w ed the k i n g s e x a mp l e a n d ga v e h i m n o


    .
    ’

    h o n o r a n d tr i ed to fi n d f a u l t w i th him T h en Pa a k a a d ec i d e d to go a w a y . .

    H e p l a c e d s om e o f the k i n g s mo s t b ea u t i f u l ma lo in the c a l a b a s h w i th the


    ’

    w i n d s a n d s et fo rth in his c a n o e .

    W h en his e n em i es s a w him l ea v i n g th ey t r i ed to c a p s iz e his c a n oe ,

    b u t h e e sc a p e d pr o b a bl e d e a th b y l a s h i n g m a t s to the ca n oe Fo rt un a t e l y .

    a f a i r w i n d f o ll o w ed h im a n d h e r ea c h e d H i lo s a fe l y w h e r e h is co u s i n .

    La pa k a ho e the Fl a s h o f the P a d d l e w a s li v i n g t a k i n g c h a rg e o f Pa a k aa s
    ’
    - - —
    , , ,

    l a d s th e r e Pa ak a a ex p l a i ed to La p a k a ho e th a t he ha d f a ll en i n t o d is
    n . n

    fa v o r a n d w a s go i n g a w a y fr om H a w a i i a n d the en em i es he ha d u n
    w i tt i n g l y m a d e S o a l o n e the d i s c o u r a g ed P a a k a a p a dd l ed h is c a n o e a n d
    . . ,

    c a m e in d u e t i m e to M o lok a i w he r e a s tr a n g e f a t e l a y in w a i t fo r h im
    ,
    .
    .
    .

    O n M o l o k a i l i v ed a v e r y b e a t i f u l w o m a H ik a u hi the d a u ght e r o f
    u n, ,

    H oo l eh u a a n d I l a l i No w i t h a pp en e d th a t the g i r l s f a th e r ha d pr o m i s e d
    ’
    .

    he r h a n d to P a l a a u the c h i ef o f th a t p a rt o f the i s l a n d
    ,
    B u t a s soon a s .

    s h e h a d s ee n Pa a k a a s he f o rg o t a l l a bo u t he r fo r m e r l o v e r a d d e m a n d e d
    ,
    n

    th a t the str a n ge r b e g i v en to he r Pa l a a u v e ry gen e r o u s l y co n s en t ed a n d .


    ,

    so th ey a l l li v e d in p e a ce P a a k a a c u l t i v a t e d th e l a n d s w e ll fi s h e d s k ill
    .
    ,

    f u ll y a n d b ro u ght gr ea t pro s p e r i t y to his w i f e a n d he r f a m il y


    ,
    .
    B e r n ice P . B is hop M us e u m — B ulletin
    I n the m e a n t i m e , on Mo l o k a i
    h ea rd th a t the k i n g w a s
    , Pa a k a a h a d
    a b o u t to s e t f o rth to fi n d h i m T h i s n e w s p l ea se d Pa a k a a v e ry m u c h a n d
    .

    th a t n i ght he dr ea m ed th a t the s p i r i t o f the k i n g c a m e to h im a n d t ol d


    h im th a t he w a s s ea r c h i n g fo r h i m I his d r ea m Pa a k a a t ol d the k i n g . n

    th a t he w o u l d fi n d him a t K a u l a Wh en he a w o k e a n d r ec a ll e d his dr ea m
    .

    Pa a k a a w a s v e r y so rr y th a t he ha d d i r ec t e d th e k i n g w r o g l y He d ec i d ed n .

    th a t i f his fo rm e r l o r d p a s s ed M o l o k a i he w o u l d u rg e him to l a n d th e r e , ,

    fo r he k n e w th a t h is s o n w o u l d b e a gr e a t h e l p to him H e a l s o p l ott e d .

    in hi s h ea rt r e v en g e o n his tw o e n e m i e s .

    No w i t h a pp en ed th a t Pa a k a a s h o u s e w a s to o s m a l l to en t e rt a i n the
    ’

    k i n g a n d his r e t a i e r s a d s o Pa a k a a to o k his so n w i th him i n t o the


    n ,
    n

    m o u n t a i n s w h e r e th ey c u t d o w n tr e e s to b u il d l a rg e r h o u s es I n a s h o rt .

    t i m e th ey ha d fi n i s h e d s ix h ou s es o f p il i gr a s s on e fo r ea c h d i v i s i on o f ,

    th e i sla n d of Ha w a i i .

    As s oo n as h o u ses w e r e fi n i h ed Pa a k a a a n d h i s o n p l a n t ed s ix
    th e s s

    r i d g es o f s w eet p o t a t oe s a n d s ix o f s u g a r c a n e so th a t the k i n g w ou l d -

    h a v e en o u gh to ea t The k i n g s d e l a y b eca u s e o f the bi r d s g a v e P a a k a a


    .
    ’

    a m p l e t i m e to fi n i s h h is p l a n s fo r th e k i g s e n t e rt a i n m e n t
    '

    n .

    O n the n i ght b e fo r e th e k i n g w a s to l ea v e H a w a i i he d r ea m e d th a t

    Pa a k a a s s p i r i t c a m e to him a n d s a i d th a t he w o u l d fi n d him o n K a l a
    ’
    I u . n

    the m o r n i n g a l l th e k a h u n a a n d p a dd l e r s a n d s t e e r e r s w e r e s u m m o n e d
    , ,

    a n d to l d the dr e a m T h ey d ec l a r ed th a t Pa a ka a wa s n o t o n K a u l a The
    . .

    k i n g dr ea m ed a ga i n th a t Pa a k a a w a s on K a u l a Wh en his k a h n a s t ill . u

    i n s i s t ed th a t the d r ea m w a s no t tr u e the k i n g d ec i d e d to l a n d o n eac h ,

    i s l a n d s o th a t he c o u l d n ot m i s s his b e l o v e d s e rv a n t .

    At l a s t the ca n o es s e t o u t the s i gl e c a no es l e a d i n g the do u bl e c a n oe s


    ,
    n ,

    w i th s u pp l i e s f o ll o w i g Ne x t w e r e the ca n o e s w i th the h ea d s ol d i e r s the


    n .
    ,

    w ome n, the c o mm o s ol d i e r s
    n T h e c a me the s ix c h i e f s fo ll o w e d l a t o f
    . n ,
    s

    a ll b y the k i n g a n d hi s pr i m e m i n i s t e r A s t a t el y fl eet w h o s e go i n g sh o w e d
    .

    ho w w e ll the k i n g l o v e d P a a k a a .

    The fi r s t l a n d i g w a s m a d e a t La h a i a
    n T h e r e i t w a s l ea r n e d th a t n .

    Pa a ka a d id n o t l i v e o n M a i s o the fl ee t w en t o n u . Wh en Pa ak a a sa w the .

    c a o e s l ea v i n g M a u i h e c a l l ed his s o n to go fi s h i g w i th h im
    n T h ey got n .

    i t o th e i r c a n e Pa a k a a s i tt i n g in th e b o w w i th h is h ea d so b o w ed th a t
    n o .

    the k i g co u l d no t r ec o g i z e him the b y p a dd li g


    n n A s th ey n ea r e d the
    ,
    o n .

    fi s h i n g gr o u n d s th ey c a u ght the fi r s t gl i m p s e o f the k i n g s fl eet A s the ’


    .

    c a n o e s c a m e n ea r e r Pa a k a a r e c o g n i z ed th o s e b e l o n g i n g to th e s ix c h i e f s

    w ho w e r e o t r ea l c h i e f s a d w h o m h e r i d i c u l e d b y ca l l i n g o u t
    “
    n n Y ou a re .

    an u d e r c hi e f
    n -
    Y o u hid b e h i n d th e s u g a r c a n e a n d a te s u g a r c a n e
    .
    An d .

    o u a lso a re o n l y a ee l c a t c h e r
    n S o h e r i d i c u l e d a l l th e c h i e f s i n o rd e r
    y .

    to a r o u s e th e i r a n g e r .
    Ric e— H a w a iia n L ege nd s 79

    Ku -
    a - pa a k a a k n o w w hen the k i n g w o u l d p a s s b y a n d
    wa s an x i o us to ,

    h is f a th e r to l d him th a t w h e n the s u n r o s e the k i n g w o u l d c o m e in a d o u bl e


    ca n oe .O n the pola o f the c a n o e w o u l d b e s een a l a rg e h o u se fo r th e
    k i n g s god K a il i the S n a t ch e r ; a s ma ll o e fo r h i m se l f a n d a s t ill s m a ll e r
    ’
    , ,
    n ,

    on e for the w om en .

    At l a s t the k i n g s ca n o e a pp ea red a n d Pa a k a a ca ll e d ou t As yo u p a s s
    ’

    b y h o l d u p y o u r p a d d l e L a p a k a h oe
    ”
    .
    ,

    T h es e w o rd s w e re to l d to the k i n g b y h is m ess en ge r a n d the p ilo t s


    rece i v e d o rd e r s to a ppro a c h P a a k a a s c a o e A s th ey n ea red Pa a k a a he ’
    n .
    ,
    '

    t o l d his so n to a s k th em to co m e a s h o r e a s a s t o r m w a s co m i n g He a l so .

    b a d e the bo y a sk th em w h o m th ey w e r e s eek i g To th i s q u es t i on so m e n .

    o n e a n s w e r ed We s eek Pa a k a a a se rv a n t o f the k i n g
    ,
    “
    , .

    T h i s a n s w e r s u rpr i se d K u a p a a k a a w ho s a i d to his fa th e r T h ey s a y
    - -
    , ,

    th a t yo u a re a se rv a n t Y ou to l d me you w e r e a c h i e f
    . .
    ”

    Pa a k a a to l d his s o n to a s k the q ue s t i o n a g a i n a n d th i s t i m e he r e ,

    c ei e d th i s a n s w e r fr o m the k i n g He is n o t a r ea l s e rv a t He i s a
    “
    v ,
    n .

    k a h i li bea r e r a d my ba c k bo n e
    n .
    ”

    T h i s a n s we r m a d e K u a pa a k a a v e ry h a pp y a n d he s a n g a ru d e in
    - -

    w h i c h he s a i d th a t th ese c a n oe s m us t b e m a d e fr o m th e gr ea t Ha w a i i o f
    K a n e w h e r e the s un r i s es fro m the p o i n t o f H a eha e b r i n g i n g a l o h a to the
    ,

    k i n g a fr i en d in d a y s o f w a n t w h en th e r e is n o f oo d o n the l a n d
    , .

    The pr i m e m i n i s t e r a n s w e r e d the b o y s n i el e in th e s e w o rd s Do yo u
    ’

    n o t s ee O b o y th a t th ese a r e the ca n oe s o f K n a n d Lo o o f K a n e a n d
    , , n ,

    K a n a lo a a n d a ll the m u l t i t u d e o f g o d s ? T h es e c a n oes c a m e fr o m H il o
    , ,

    the l a n d o f h e a v y r a i n w h i c h m a k es the l ea v e s f a ll fr o m the t r ee s


    , The .

    l a n d w h e r e l e i s a r e m a d e fro m th e ha la bl o s s om s o f Ha pa e l .

    No w K u a pa a k a a b e g a n to s i n g n i e le u rg i n g the c a n o e s to c o m e
    - -

    a s h o r e a s the c lo u d s b r o u ght b y the w i n d s fro m H a o a d H a ea w e r e -


    n -

    ga th e r i n g o n K a w a i n u i a bo v e Wa il a n w h i c h f o re to l d a st o r m
    , , .

    B u t the k i n g s p il o t a n s w e r ed
    ’
    Why s h o u l d w e li s t en to th i s b o y ? I f
    ,
    “

    w e go a s h o r e the c a no es w il l b e c r a c k e d a n d w e w ill t a k e the b oy s bo es


    ’
    n
    ”
    to s t o p the l e a k s .

    P a a k a a to l d hi s s o n to r ep l y in th i s m a n e r No o n e fi ll s the c r a c k s n ,

    o f c a n o e s w i th the b o n e s o f a b o y Ev e ryo n e t a k es a s t o n e a d z a n d c u t s
    .

    d o w n a tre e Wh en the t r ee is f e ll ed he c u t s o ff the b ra n c h es a n d th en


    .

    h ew s ou t th e c a n oe The bo n es o f a d og o r a p i g a r e u s e d to g i v e po li s h
    .

    ”
    to th e c a no e .

    The k i n g s comp a i on s w e re s u rpr i s e d to h ea r the b oy a n s w e r so w i se l y


    ’
    n .

    T h i n k i n g th a t he pro b a bl y k n ew the w ea th e r s i gn s of his o w n i s l a n d the ,

    pr i me m i n i s t er a s k ed him to t ell th em .
    B ern ice - P . B is hop M i i s euin
    -
    -
    .
    —
    B u lle ti n -

    Ku -
    r ep li ed A s t o r m w ill co m e The w i n d w ill t u rn you r
    a - pa a k a a ,
    .

    c a n o e s a ro u n d a n d b r i n g y o u b a c k S o fa r the w i n d fr o m Ha w a n ha s .
    ,

    h e l p e d yo u S oo n a n a dv e r se w i n d w ill ro u gh e n the s ea
    . .
    ”

    T h en Ku a a pa a ka a r ec i t e d the n a m e s o f a ll the w i n d s o f Ha w a n a n d
    - -
    ,

    a l s o a ll th e w i n d s o f O a h u a n d K a u a i Wh en a s k ed ho w he h a pp en ed to .

    k no w a ll the w i n d s he a n s w e r e d th a t a ll the b oys k n e w th em .

    To th i s o n e o f the p a dd l e r s c r i e d o u t T h a t is n o t t r u e O n l y t w o “
    .
    ,

    p eo p l e k n o w a ll the w i n d s m y co u s i n Pa ak a a a n d I Do yo u k no w w h e r e
    , , , .

    P a a k a a is ? I s he o n th i s i s l a n d ?
    ”

    B u t the b o y w ou l d n ot t e ll the h i d i g p l a c e o f h is f a th e r s a y i n g th a t n ,

    he ha d h e a rd th a t i t w a s o n K a u l a .

    Wh en the pr i m e m i i s t e r a s k e d w ho w a s in the b o w o f his c a no e the


    n

    b o y r e p l i ed T h a t is m y fa th e r w ho is d ea f a n d do es n ot h ea r you r
    “
    ,

    w o rd s
    ”
    .

    A l l th i s d el a y w a s v e ry a oy i n g to the p a d d l e r s w ho w e r e a n x i ou s
    nn

    to b e o fl e v en th o u gh th e i r k i g u rg e d th e m to go a s h o r e T h ey v o w e d
    ’
    ,
    n .

    th a t i f th ey e v e r r ea c h e d O a h u sa fel y th ey w o u l d r et u r n a n d p u t the ,

    i m p u d en t b oy to d ea th .

    The k i n g w a s v e r y m u c h i n t e r e s t e d in the bo y a d a s k ed his a m e n n .

    C ome a sh o r e a d yo u s h a l l h e a r m y n a me w a s the on l y a n s w e r he
    n ,
    ”

    r ece i v ed .

    I n s p i t e o f a ll hi s e ff o rt s the b oy w a s u n a bl e to p e r s ua d e the p a dd l e r s
    to l a n d So he tr i ed so m eth i n g mo r e p o w e rf u l th a n w o r d s
    . O p e n i n g hi s .

    c a l a b a s h o f w i n d s he c a ll e d B l o w w i n d s fro m K a ua i a ga i n s t th em B l ow
    “
    , .

    w i d s o f O a h u a n d H a w a i i fro m the s i d e
    n B l o w w i n d s o f M a u i a n d Mo l o .

    k a i b e h i n d th e m .

    At onc e the c l o u d s a ro se the h e a v e n b ec a m e d a rk the th u n d e r ro a r ed


    , s , ,

    the l i ght n i n g fl a s h ed a d the s ea b ec a m e v e r y r o u gh


    , n .

    Wh en th e k i ng sa w th e s e s i g n s o f b a d w e a th e r he w a s v er y a n gry
    w i th h is p a dd l e r s w ho ha d t o l d h im th a t c l ea r w ea th e r w o u l d pr e v a il He .

    c a ll e d o u t The w i n d is c o m i n g the s t o n es a r e r o lli n g a gr e a t s to r m is


    , , ,

    at hand I u rge d yo u to l i s t e n to the bo y b u t yo u o l y r i d i c u l e d h im Now


    .
    ,
    n .

    th e d e e p sea w ill e n g u l f u s a n d w e s h a ll b e l o t Wo u l d th a t w e h a d gon e s .

    a sh o re
    ”
    .

    No so o n e r ha d b e s p ok e n th a th e s t o r m s tr uc k th e fi r s t c a n oe s ca p n ,

    s i z i n g so m e o f th em a d the s tro g c u rre n t c a rr i ed m a n y o f the s a il o r s


    n n

    S oo the s ea fil l e d a ll the c a no e s A s the k i n g s c a n o e s w e n t to


    '

    a w ay . n .

    th e h el p o f the s m a l l r o n e s d e a th c a me v e ry n e a r to the gr ea t k i n g o f
    e

    H a w a i i The s e a w a s h e d a w a y the f oo d a n d fi s h a n d c lo th i n g The m en


    . .

    a n d th e i r k i n g c l u g to the ca no e s th o u gh th ey w e r e c h ill e d to the bo n e


    n
    B er n ice P . B is hop M n s eu m — B u lle tin
    B u t the b oy e r p li e d th a t his m o th e r ha d
    m a d e th em in a n i n a cc es s ibl e
    va ll ey fo r hm
    i , her o n l y s o n a n d a h i gh c h i e f .

    K u a p a a k a a d i r ec t ed ea c h o f the s ix c h i e f s to the h o u ses w h i c h ha d


    - -

    b een p re p a r ed by hi s f a th e r a d w h e r e n oth i n g w a s l a c k i n g fo r his c om f o rt


    n .

    The k i n g w a s w a i t e d u po n b y the b o y w h o s e a dr o i t n e s s v e ry m u c h
    p l ea se d h i m A s n i ght fe l l the bo y h ea rd him sa y My a l oh a fo r Pa a k a a
    .
    ,
    “

    i s gr ea t At th i s t i m e o f e v en i n g he w a s w o n t to pr ep a r e the s weet a w a
    .

    th a t b rou ght h a ppy d rea m s T o geth e r w e d r a n k a n d th en la y do w n to


    .

    s l ee p
    .

    T h es e w o rd s K u a p a a k a a to l d to h is fa th e r w ho a t o n c e s en t h i m
    - -
    ,

    to the k i n g w i th the a w a s tr a i n e r the pr ep a r e d a u a a n d a l a rg e p i e c e o f


    ,
    r
    ,

    a w a r oo t Wh en the k i n g o rd er ed h i m to c h ew the own the b oy w a s to


    . .

    pr e t en d to d o so b u t i n st ea d he w a s to g i v e h i m the pr ep a r ed a w a T h i s
    , .

    w o u l d b e d o n e s o q u i c k l y th a t the k i n g w o u l d b e gr ea t l y p l ea se d T h en .

    he w a s to r u n to the se a a n d b r i n g l i v e fi s h fo r the k i n g .

    K u a p a a k a a d id a ll th e s e th i n g s a s h e w a s t ol d a d th e k i n g s a d m i r a
    ’
    - -
    n

    t i on w a s grea t for the bo y ha d d one his w o rk li k e a m a n Ha pp i e r th a n


    , .

    he h a d b een fo r s o m e t i m e the k i n g dr a n k the a rea a n d la y do w n to


    ,

    h a ppy dr ea m s A ll his foll o w e r s w ea r i ed b y e v en t s o f the d a y fo ll o w ed


    .
    , ,

    h is e x a m p l e a n d so on s l ee p c l a i m e d th em a ll .

    A s th e y s l e pt K u a p a a k a a r el ea s e d s o me o f the w i n d s a n d a gr ea t
    ,
    - —

    s t o rm a ro s e w h i c h w o u l d d el a y th e i r g o i n g .

    T h en Pa a k a a n d his son cou n s e l ed to geth e r how th ey c o u l d d es tro y the


    k i n g s tw o n a v i g a t o r s w ho ha d s o u n j u s t l y t a k en P a ak a a s p l a ce
    ’ ’
    .

    Aft e r m u c h tho u ght Pa a k a a ex p l a i n ed his p l a n to his son th u s Ta k e ,

    th i s h o ll o w log to yo u r gra n dfa th e r s h ou se Wh en the food w h i c h w e h a v e ’


    .

    s u pp li e d fo r e a c h c h i e f i s g o e w e s h a ll g i v e ea c h o n e a r i dg e p l a n t e d
    n

    w i th po t a t oes A s k t he m n ot to th r o w a w a y a n y o f the s m a ll p ot a t o e s
    . .

    T h es e m u s t b e coo k ed a d g i v en to yo u r gra n d fa th e r w ho w ill s t o re th e m


    n

    c a r e f u ll y a w a y in the h o l l o w lo g He w ill a l s o s t o r e a w a y dr i e d fi s h a n d
    .

    w i ll fi ll the go u rd s w i th w a t e r Wh e n the d ay fo r l ea v i n g c o m es the k i n g


    .

    w ill u rge you to a c co m p a n y h im C o n sen t i f he a ll ow s yo u to t a k e you r


    .

    b u n d l e w i th yo u B es i d es the lo g you m u t t a k e a l a rge s to n e f a s t en e d to


    . s

    a c o il o f r o p e Aft e r you h a v e p a s sed thro u gh the c h a n n el b e t w een O a h u


    .

    a n d K a ua i a n d h a v e n ea r e d Wa i m e a r el e a se so m e s t o r my w i n d s fro m the
    ,

    cal a ba sh T h en ca s t the s t on e i n to the sea a n d a n c h o r the c a n oes Wh en


    . .

    the c o l d w i n d s h a v e c hi ll e d the m en g i v e a l l b u t my tw o e n e m i e s a p a l m,

    l ea f to sh i el d th em se l v es fro m the r a i n A l s o g i v e th e m d r i e d fi sh p ot a to es .
    , ,

    a n d w ate r K ee p d o i n g th i s u n t il the tw o n a v i g a t o r s a r e c h ill ed a l m o s t


    .

    to d ea th T h en cov e r the c a l a b a s h o f w i n d s a n d t a k e th e k i n g b a c k to
    Ha w a ii .
    Ric e— H a w a iia n L egen d s 83

    The bo y li s t en e d ca e u r f ll y to h is fa th e r s’
    wo rd s and pr ep a r e d to d o as

    he w a s t ol d .

    Wh en the t r my m on th o f Feb r u a ry ha d p a s se d o ne o f the c h i e f s re


    s o

    p o rt ed to the k i n g th a t th e i r foo d w a s a ll go n e The k i n g th en su m m on e d .

    K u a p a a k a a a n d a s k ed for fo od
    - -
    The bo y t o l d the k i n g th a t he ha d s ix
    .

    h ill s o f p ot a to es a n d s ix h ill s o f s u g a r c ane on the u p l a n d s r ea d y fo r h i m -


    .

    “
    H o w ca n s ix h i ll s o f po t a to e s a n d s ix h ill s o f s u g a r c a n e s upp l y m y -

    m a n y p e o p l e ? a s k e d the k i n g
    ”
    .

    The b oy a n s w e r e d th a t w h en the po t a t oe s a n d c a n e sa w the n u m b e r o f


    p eo p l e th ey w ou l d bea r a b u n d a n t l y a d s o a ll the p eo p l e m u s t go u p i t o
    , ,
    n n

    the h i gh l a n d s H e t o l d th i s t a l e s o th a t the l a z y o n e s wo u l d w o rk
    . .

    The k i n g s en t o n l y h a l f the me n to d o the w o rk T h ey w e r e s u rpr i s ed .

    w h en th ey s a w the fi e l d s o f p o t a t oe s a n d s u g a r c a n e s tr e t c h i n g a w a y f a rth e r -

    th a n the eye c o u l d r ea c h M es s e ge r s w e r e s en t fo r the r est o f the men


    . n

    a n d th e y w e r e a ll s oo n b us y d i g gi n g K u a p a a k a a t o l d th e m to t a k e a l l
    .
    - -
    ,

    bi g a n d s ma ll fo r he w a n t e d the s ma l l on e s dr i ed
    ,
    Y o u w ill h a v e ea t e n .
    “

    a l l my gr o w i n g fo o d d u r i n g th e s t o rm y m o n th s a n d I m u s t h a v e dr i e d

    f oo d u n t il I c a n p l a n t some m o r e he e xp l a i n e d w i s h i n g to k eep his , ,

    fa th e r s p l a n s ec r e t
    ’
    .

    At l a s t w h e a ll prep a r a t i o n s w e re m a d e the c a l a b a s h w a s c l ose d a n d


    n

    the s ea b e ca m e c a l m K u a p a a k a a o r d e r e d the c h i e f s to l a s h the c a n oe s


    .
    - -

    t o ge th e r a n d to fl oa t th em in the b ay r ea d y to sa il th em w h en the m o r n i n g ,

    s t a r a pp ea r e d T h ey la y d o w n to s l ee p u n t i l the k i g s c r i e r s ho u l d a w a k en ’
    . n

    th em .

    V e ry ea r l y K u a p a a k a a ca ll e d th e m s a y i n g
    - -
    A w a k e ! A w a ke ! I t is ,

    h a l f w ay b et w ee n i ght a n d d a y Yo u r w ea r i n es s is gon e The mo rn i n g


    n . .

    s t a r is r i s i g
    ”
    n .

    Wh en th ey r ea l i z e d th a t i t w a s o l y the b o y c a lli n g th em th ey w e re n ,

    v ery a n gry a n d r e f u se d to get up B u t he k ept ca lli n g th em u n t i l a t l a s t


    .

    he a r o us e d th e m a d the s ix c h i e f s l e ft w i th o u t th e i r k i n g
    ,
    n T h e y ha d h a d .

    s o li tt l e s l ee p th a t w h en th ey la y o ff Lea h i D i a m o n d H ea d th ey fe ll , ,

    a s l ee p . T h en the w i d s w e r e s en t w h i c h t u rn ed th ei r ca n oes a ro u n d a n d
    n

    d ro v e th em b a c k to the co a s t o f Ha w a ii T h e r e th ey m et th e i r fa m ili es .

    a n d th e r e w a s gr e a t r ej o i c i g for th e y ha d b e en g i v en u p a s l o s t
    n .

    M ea n t i me on Mo l o k a i the k i n g a n d h is f o ll ow e r s s l ept u n t il d a y d a w n e d .

    T h en the k i n g s en t fo r K u a pa a k a a a n d a s k e d him to go w i th th e m At
    - -
    .

    fir s t the bo y r e f u sed s a y i g th a t he m us t s t a y w i th his o ld peo p l e At


    ,
    n .

    l a s t he c o n sen t e d to go i f he co u l d t a k e h is b un d l e s w i th him The k i n g .

    s en t tw o m e s s e g e r s fo r th ese b u n d l es
    n The m es s en ge r s w e r e gr ea t l y s u r .
    84 B ern ice P . B is hop M us e nnu — B u lle tin
    pr i sed w h en th ey sa w a h ea v y s t o n e and the h o ll o w lo g as lon g as the

    c a n oe .

    “
    The k i n g wo u l d n ev e r h a v e co n sent e d to t a k e you r b u n d l es i f he ha d
    s een th e i r s i z e Y o u a r e i n d eed a s tr a n g e bo y to c a ll a s t on e a n d a l og
    .

    b u n d l es We h a v e b ee n w o rk i g fo r the k i g fr om c h il d ho o d u p a n d w e
    . n n

    h a v e n e v e r seen b u n d l es l i k e th e s e c r i e d on e m e ssen ge r ,
    ”
    .

    To th i s co m p l a i n t K u a p a a k a a a n s w e r e d D i d yo u no t b r i n g wo men “
    — -
    ,

    w i th yo u ? We re th ey n o t li k e s t o n es w h i c h n e v er w o rk ? ”

    A n d so the m e s s e n g e r s c a rr i e d the tr a n g e b u n d l es to the p a dd l e r s s ,

    w ho w e r e v e ry a gr y a n d sa i d th a t the k i n g w o u ld r e f u e to t a k e th em
    n s .

    B u t the k i n g d id n ot i n t e rf e r e a n d a t l a s t the b u n d l es w e r e l o a d e d o n the


    ,

    ca no e .

    T h en Ku h u rr i e d to
    -
    a - pa a k a a th e h i d i n g p l a ce o f his fa th e r a n d t o l d
    h i m th a t e v e ryth i g w a s re a d y n . P a a k a a u rg e d his so n to r em e m b e r a l l
    th a t he ha d m a d e k n ow n to him .

    I am on ly a bo y . If I am k i ll ed i t is w e ll . If I k ill yo u r en e m i es
    th en y ou w ill b e a v en ged r ep l y to his
    , w a s the so n s
    ’
    f a th e r .

    S o he r e t u r n e d to the k i n g a d a f a i r w i n d dr o v e the c a n o e s g e n t l y n

    a l on g The s k i ll o f th e p a d d l e r s p l ea se d the b o y gr e a t l y a n d h e a s k e d to
    .

    h o l d on e o f the p a d d l e s b u t w a s r e f u s e d .

    A ft e r th ey ha d p a s s ed O a h u a n d la y o ff Wa i mea o n K a u a i Ku a p a a k a a ,
    - -

    o p e n e d h is c a l a b a s h o f w i n d s a n d r el e a s e d so m e s t o rm y w i n d s w h i c h q u i c k l y

    bl e w the c a n o es o u t to s ea As b e fo r e the s ea gre w a n gr y a n d gr ea t


    .
    , ,

    w a v e s d a s h ed a ga i n s t the ca n oe s dr i v i n g th e m o t to the d eep w a t e r , u .

    B u t the k i n g w a s n o t a fr a i d P e a c e fi l l e d his m i n d b ec a u s e K u a p a a k a a
    .
    - -

    w a s w i th h im Wh en the k i n g a s k ed w h a t to d o th e b oy r ep li ed A n c ho r
    .
    , ,
    “

    the c a n o e w i th my bi g s t o n e w h i c h w i ll k ee p u s in o n e p l a c e s o th a t w e ,

    s h a ll n o t b e bl o w n o u t o f s i ght o f l a n d W h en the s t o r m is o v er w e c a n .

    r ea c h l a d n .

    T h en the b oy c a rr i e d o u t a l l the Pl a n s his f a th e r ha d so c a r e f u ll y m a d e


    k o w n to him
    n .

    H e g a v e f o o d a d w a t e r to the m e n n H e g a v e th e m the p a l m l ea v es .

    to pr o t ec t th e m s e l v e s a g a i n t th e w i n d The tw o e n e m i e s o f his f a th e r
    s .

    w e r e g i v e n n o th i g The e n e m i es r e a li z ed th a t d e a th w o u l d pr o b a bl y
    n .

    o v e rt a k e th em b u t th ey p a t i e t l y u ff e r ed a n d a s k e d fo r
    , o th i n g
    n Ass n .

    K u a p a a k a a sa w t he m gr o w i g co l d e r a n d c o l d e r h e k n e w th a t his
    - -
    n ,

    fa th e r w o u l d s oo n b e a v e g ed n .

    At l a s t H ook ele i h il o f ell i n t o th e s ea The p eo p l e c r i ed A l a s ! b u t


    - -
    .
    ,
    ”

    th ey w e r e t o b u sy s a v i g th em s el v es to gr i ev e Soo n H oo k ele i p un a
    o n .
    - -

    f o ll o w ed his fr i e d a n d a ga i n the p eo p l e e x c l a i m ed A l a s !
    n S o th e s e ,
    “ ”

    tw o f a l s e fr i e n d s o f the k i n g d i e d the d ea th th ey h a d p l o tt ed fo r P a a k a a .
    B e r n ic e P . B is hop M u s e u m— B u lle ti n
    Loo k i n g back he sa w a h u ge wa ve w h i c h ca rr i e d him s w i ft l y to s h o r e
    a nd l a n d ed h im sa e f ly on the sa n d . T h en he c a rr i ed a l l the fi s h to th e
    king s ’
    h e r e b e c on cea l e d th em
    ca n o e w .

    The p a d d l e r s in the l a rg e r c a n o e f ea r e d to r i d e s u c h a bi g s u rf T h ey .

    fe l t s u re th a t the b oy w ou l d w r ec k h is c a n oe So th ey w a i t e d u n t il the .

    q u i et w a t e r fo ll o w ed the bi g w a v e a n d th en th ey p a dd l ed a sh o re Wh en .

    th ey s a w th a t a ll the fi s h w e r e gon e th ey w e re v e ry a n gry a n d c h a ll e n ged


    th e bo y to a n o th e r r a c e .

    K u a pa a k a a co n se n t e d to a s ec o n d r a ce b u t sa i d th a t h e ha d no th i n g
    - -
    ,

    to w a g e r T h ey r e p li e d th a t th ey w o u l d w a g e r th e i r b o e s The boy
    . n .

    sa i d I d o n o t w a n t to w a g e r my b o n e s I a m a w an d e r er h e re I h a ve
    “
    , . .

    n o fr i en d s I f yo u l os e the r a c e a n d a r e k ill e d yo u r f a m il i e s a n d fr i en d s
    .

    w il l w a il fo r yo u I ll w a g e r th o s e tw o do u bl e c a n o e s yo n d e r
    '

    . .

    B u t tho s e c a n o e s b el o n g to the k i n g Ho w c a n yo u w a g e r th e m .

    th ey a s k e d .

    The bo y r ep li e d The k i n g w a a p a s se n ge r w i th me
    . I h a v e c a r ed s .

    ”
    fo r the fo r m a n y d a y s
    c a n oes .

    St ill th ey i n s i s t ed th a t o n l y b o d i e s s h o u l d b e w a g e r e d an d at l ast
    K u a — pa a k a a c o n se n t e d , s a y i n g th a t n o bl a m e co u l d be p l a ce d
    -
    on him fo r
    l a y i n g th i s w a g e r .

    T h ey s et the d a y of Ka u ,
    M i d s u m m e r Da y fo r , the race . Ea c h c on

    t e s t a n t w as to h a v e a ca n o e s ix f a tho m s l on g The to p a y the . l os e r w a s


    p en a l t y b y d ea th in a n i mu .

    Ku a p a a k a a k n o w i n g th a t th e s e e i ght fi s h e r m en ha d r ec e i v e d po s i t i on s
    - -
    ,

    a t the h a n d s o f h is f a th e r s e n e m i e s s a w h is f a th e r s c o mp l e t e r e v e n ge
    ’ ’

    gro w i n g n ea re r .

    The s to ry o f the co m i n g r a c e s pr e a d a l l o v e r the i s l a n d Ei ght fi s he r .

    m e n ha d b ee n b e a t en b y a s m a ll u n k n o w n b oy ! T h ey w o u l d a g a i n t r y
    th e i r l uc k on the d a y o f K a u ! S uc h w a s the n ew s w h i c h rea ch ed the
    k i n g s ea r s a n d gr ea t w a s his a s to n i s h men t fo r s tr a ng e a s i t m a y s eem
    ’

    , ,

    he n e v e r o n c e r e m e m b e r e d the w o d e rf u l b oy w ho ha d s a v e d his li f e n .

    P eop l e g a th e r ed fro m a l l o v e r Ha w a i i to s ee the r a c e M en w o m en .


    , ,

    a n d c h il d r en h u rr i e d to the p l a c e o f i n t e r es t b r i g i n g w i th th em p i g s n ,

    d o g s f ea th e r c l oa k s t a p a
    ,
    a d o th e r th i n g s ,
    A fe w w a n t e d to w a ger o n
    s, n .

    the b o y ; m a n y r i s k e d e v e r y th i g on the e i ght fi s h e r m e n n .

    A s the s u n r o se o n the d ay o f K a n i t s a w the k i n g s fi s h e r m en l i ft i n g


    ’

    th e i r c a n oe i n t o the w a t e r pr ep a r i n g the i m u a n d c oll ec t i g the wo o d to


    ,
    n

    co o k th e i r v i c t i m Wh en e v e ryth i n g w a s pr ep a red th ey c a ll ed K u a p a a k a a
    .
    - -

    to b eg i n th e r a c e .

    B ut the b oy r e p li e d Fi r s t w e m u s t h a v e r e a d y tw o s u rf boa r d s The


    ,
    .

    o n es w ho r e ac h th e s h o r e fi r s t m u t co m e i o n the s u rf b o a rd f ou r t i m e s n s .
    R ic e —
    H a w a iia n L ege n d s 87

    The fi s h e r men w e r e so e a ge r to b e o ff th a t th ey co n sen t ed I n th e i r .

    e x c i t em e t the l e n gth o f th e co u r s e w a s n ot d e t e r m i n e d u p o n
    n So th ey .

    p a d d l ed out u n t il th ey c ou l d j u s t s ee the t op s o f the h o u s es K u a pa a k a a .


    - -

    ha d a s k e d to s t o p b e fo r e th i s b u t th ey w ou l d n o t li s t en to h im
    ,
    .

    A s th ey t u r n e d th e i r c a n oes a ro un d the b oy s a i d to th em I f you ha d ,

    c ho s e n a s h o rt e r c ou r se you m i ght h a v e b e a t en m e No w I s h a l l w in . .

    A l rea d y I fee l p i t y for you r fa m il i es .


    ”

    The c omm a n d to s t a rt w a s g i v e n I n th e i r e x c i t em e n t the k i n g s fi s he r


    ’
    .

    me n d i d n o t p a d d l e t og e th e r a s s k ill e d p a dd l e r s S ee i n g th e i r con f us i o n .
    ,

    K u a p a a k a a k e w th a t he w o u l d w i
    - -
    n H e fo l l o w e d in the s w el l o f th e i r
    n .

    ca o e h a v i n g o n l y to s t ee r h is c a no e
    n , W h en the fi s h e rm en s a w h i m c l o s e
    .

    b e h i n d th em th ey p a d d l ed w i th m i ght a n d m a i n .

    P a d d l e ! Pa d d l e fo r you r li v e s ! c a ll e d o u t K u a p a a k a a
    ”
    ~ -
    .

    A s the ca n oes e a r e d the s h o r e the c ro w d s a w the k i n g s fi s h e r m e n


    ’
    n

    a h ea d a n d a s h o u t o f jo y w e n t u
    p fr o m th e i r fr i e n d s B u t the fi s h e rm e n .

    w e r e v e r y w ea r y So m e ha d d r o pp e d th e i r p a d d l e s ; s o m e h a d o s tr e gth
    . n n

    l e ft to li ft the p a d d l es Wh i c h h u n g fro m th e i r h a n d s T h en the b oy s h o t .

    a h ea d a n d the c r y The b o y is ah ea d ! H e i s w i n n i n g ! a ro u s e d a n g e r in
    “ ”
    ,

    the h ea rt s o f tho s e w ho w e r e s u pp o rt i n g the k i g s fi s h e r m en


    ’
    n .

    A ft e r K u a p a a k a a ha d t o u c h e d l a d he r a n fo r a s u rf boa r d a n d ro d e
    - —
    n ,

    the b r ea k e r s fo u r t i m e s a s ha d b een a rr a n g e d .

    Wh en the e i ght fi s h e r men ha d b ro u ght the i r c a n oe a s ho r e th ey thre w ,

    t hemsel v es o n the sa n d a n d bi tt e r l y r egre tt e d h a v i n g w a ge r e d th e i r b o es n .

    T h ey sa w the i m u r ea d y to r ec e i v e th em a n d k n ew th a t d e a th w o u l d soo n
    b e th e i r f a t e A grea t a l o h a fo th e i r w i v es a n d c h il dr en a n d fr i en d s
    . r , ,

    fi ll e d th e i r h ea rt s T h ey w e pt bi tt e r l y a s th ey s a w the u n k no w b oy c o ll ec t
    . n

    in g the r i c h r e w a rd s o f h is v i c t o r y .

    A m es sen ge r ha d h u rr i e d to the k i g w i th th e n ew s o f the bo y s v i c t o r y n


    ’
    .

    T h en the k i n g r em em b e r e d the b o y w ho ha d s a v ed his l i f e a n d ha d


    b r ou ght him s a f e l y b a c k to H a w a ii a d s o h e se n t his se rv a t to c o n d u c t
    ,
    n n

    the b oy to him .

    Ku -
    a -
    g h rr t
    k i n g s pr e sen ce At on c e the k i n g
    p a a k a a l a d l y u i e d i n o the
    ’
    .

    r eco g n i z d e the b oy w ho ha d sa e d h im fr om a bi tte r d ea th a t sea a n d


    v
    c a ll e d him to c o m e b e f o r e him The b o y r e m e m b e r i n g the ka pu h e s i t a t e d
    .
    , , ,

    b u t the k i g r em o v e d the k a p a n d K u a pa a k a a c r a w l e d b e fo r e him


    n u The - -
    .

    k i n g em b r ac e d him a n d w ept o v e r him r egr ett i g th a t he ha d f o rgo tt e n ,


    n

    him in hi s h a pp y r et u r h o me n .

    T h en the h e a d s t ew a r d w a s c a ll e d to prep a r e a m ea l o f the b es t f oo d


    fro m the k i n g s o w t a bl e A s K u a pa a k a a a te he t o l d the k i n g ho w he
    ’
    n .
    — -

    ha d l i v e d in the c a n o e e a t i n g the foo d l e ft fro m th e v o ya g e


    , .
    88 B e r n ice P . B is hop M us e u m —
    B ulleti n

    A mce ,
    r i e d the k i n g
    a nw e ! c Un h a pp y m a n th a t I a m to h a v e th u s
    .

    r e w a r d e d on e w ho s a v e d my b on es a n d b r ou ght me h o m e fro m a s tr a n ge
    l a n d Y o u fo r e t o l d th a t y ou wo u l d b e l e ft w h e r e the c a n oes w e r e d r a w n
    .

    u p a n d s o i t ha s c o m e a b o u t I t is m y f a u l t a n d n o t the f a u l t o f my men
    . .

    I s i t yo u w ho r a c e d w i th m y e i ght fi sh e rm en ? T e ll m e the w a g e r
    ”
    .

    K u a p a a k a a t o l d him th a t in the fi r s t r a c e the w a g e r ha d b een th e i r


    - -

    fi s h in the s eco n d i t ha d b ee n th e i r b o n e s H e c on t i n u e d W h en I l e ft the


    “
    ,
    .
    ,

    s h o r e the i m u w a s b e i n g pr e p a r e d The m en a r e to b e th ro w n in w h e n i t
    .

    ”
    is re d ho t .

    The k i n g w ept bi tt e r l y fo r his men The b oy t o l d him th a t th i s w a ge r .

    w a s o f th e i r o w n c h oo s i n g H e ha d w a t e d to w a ge r c a n o es
    . n .

    Th e k i n g c r i e d O b oy i f you h a v e a l o h a fo r me s p a r e the li v e s o f
    “
    , , ,

    m y e i ght fi s h e r m e n w ho s u pp l y m e w i th fi s h T h ey a re v e r y s k ill f u l a n d .

    n e v e r go o u t w i th ou t b r i n g i n g in fi sh .

    To th i s pr a ye r the b o y a s w e r ed I d o l o v e y o u b u t I m u s t no t s p a r e
    n , ,

    the li v es o f th e s e m en I f yo u w i s h to se e Pa ak a a a g a i n yo u c a n n ot s p a r e
    .

    th e l i v e s o f th es e m e n .

    The k i n g r ep l i e d B r i n g P aa k a a to m e Wh en I see him I s h a ll c on


    , .

    s en t to th e d ea th o f m y fi s h e rm e n
    ”
    .

    Do yo u r ec a l l the fi r s t t i m e w e m et a t s ea ? a s k e d the bo y
    ”
    Y o u sa w .

    a n o l d m a n s i tt i n g in the b o w o f m y c a n oe T h a t w a s Pa a k a a He d i d n o t . .

    w i s h to r e t u r n to H a w a i i u n t il his e n em i e s w e r e k ill e d I a m Pa a k a a s son


    ’
    . .

    My n a me is K u a pa a k a a so n a m e d fr o m th e c r a c k s in you r s k i n
    - — —
    The .

    t a p a s w h i c h I ga v e you w h en you w e r e w et fro m the sea w e r e th os e th a t


    my f a th e r ha d c a rr i ed w i th him fro m Ha w a i i
    ”
    .

    The k i n g w a s fi ll e d w i th d e li ght a t th es e w o rd s for he k n ew th a t he ,

    w ou l d s e e h is b e l o v e d P a a k a a a g a i n He o rd e r e d his e i ght fi s h e r me n .

    thro w n i n t o the i i n u He s t a rt ed the b oy o ff fo r Mo l ok a i a t o n ce to b r i n g


    .

    P a a k a a to h i m .

    Wh e n K u a paa k a a ha d l e ft M ol ok a i w i th the k i n g his mo th e r ha d


    - -
    ,

    bi tt e r l y r ep roa c h e d his fa th e r fo r a ll o w i n g th ei r o l y c h il d to go a wa y n

    fro m th e m S he k ew th a t d ea th a t s ea w o u l d o v e rt a k e he r o n l y so n
    . n .

    P a a k a a t o l d he r n ot to gr i e v e fo r the bo y w o u l d r e t u r n H e u rg e d h e r to .

    l ook t ow a r d s Ma u i a n d s he w ou l d s oon see the m a t s a il o f a ca no e The .

    c a n oe w o u l d b e l o n g to the b oy w ho h a d s e n t d ea th to the tw o n a v i g a t o r s

    a n d the e i ght fi s h e r m e n T h en th ey w o u l d k no w th a t a ll th o se w ho ha d
    .

    e s tr a n g e d h im fr o m th e k i n g w e r e d e a d .

    A ll th e se a s s u r a n c es o f her son s s a fet y f a il ed to l es sen the m oth e r s ’ ’

    a n xi e t y .Ne v e rth e l e s s s he s p e n t her d a y s l oo k i n g fo r the m a t sa il o f a


    ,
    90 B e r n i ce P . B is hop M us eu ni — B ulletin

    H O LUA M A NU

    A L EG E N D OF K AUA I
    Ma n u , B i rd li v e d w i th his p a r en t s in the
    , m ou n t a i n s b ov e Wa i m ea
    a

    v a ll ey. His gr ea t e s t d e li ght w a s to s l i d e d o w n the s t ee p pa li s i d e s o n his

    s l ed
    .

    T h i s s p o rt ca u s ed his p a r en t s a grea t d ea l o f w o rry for th ey f ea r ed ,

    th a t he wo u l d m ee t w i th so me a c c i d en t S o th ey p l a ced two i m men s e .

    r oc k s o the p a th he u s e d m o s t B ut M a n u c o u l d n o t b e st o pp e d b y th i s
    n . .

    He j u m p e d o v e r the r o c k s a n d s t r u c k the p a th b el o w
    , H o w e v e r he d i d .
    ,

    no t en j oy the ja r so h e c li m b ed b a c k
    , a n d r o ll e d o n e o f th e r oc k s d o w n
    ,

    to the r i v e r w h e r e i t s t a n d s t o d a y a s l a rge a s a h o u se
    , ,
    .

    M a n u s p a r en t s pr ev en t ed h is c r os s i n g the r i v e r b y sen d i n g a fr es h et
    ’

    to s to p h i m The fr es h e t w ou l d s t a rt a t the s a m e m o m en t th a t M a n u
    .

    s t a rt e d to s l i d e a n d i t w o u l d a l w a y s r ea c h th e r i v e r fi r s t .

    At l a s t d i sc ou ra ge d Ma u too k his s l ed a n d w en t to the h i gh es t pa li


    , ,
    n ,
    -

    o f the Wa i m ea v a ll e y w h e r e he e n j oye d h is s p o rt w i th o u t i n t e rr u pt i o n
    , ,
    .

    T h i s s po t is st ill c a ll e d K a h o l n a m a n u o r the S li d e o f M a n u
    — -
    ,
    - —
    .
    Ri ce— H a w aiia n L egen d s 91

    TH E G I RL A ND TH E M O O

    A L EGE ND OF KAU A I
    Li v i n g at Ho l u a m a n u i n the m ou n t a i n s a b o v e Ma k a w e li , wa s a f a m il y
    in w h i c h th e re wa s h il d a g i r l w ho ca used her p a r en t s m uc h a n n oy
    on e c , ,

    a n ce b y her co n t i n u a l c r y i n g I n a ca v e b en ea th a w a t e rf a ll n ea r b y li v e d
    .

    a m o o w h i c h l oo k e d l i k e a h u g e l i z a r d o r c r oc od i l e
    —
    , O n e d a y w h en the .

    c h i l d w a s c r y i n g a s u s ua l he r fa th e r in a n g e r p us h ed he r o u t o f the
    ,

    h ou s e sa y i n g th ou ght l ess l y G o to the mo o a n d l i v e w i th h i m


    , ,
    -
    .

    The c h il d h u rr i e d to the ca v e a n d w a s w e l c om e d b y the m o o w ho -

    g l a d l y c a r ed fo r her a n d c a re f u l l y b ro u gh t her u p O n w a rm s u n n y d ay s .
    ,

    the g i r l a n d the m on s t e r w o u l d co m e o u t a b o v e the w a t e rf a ll a n d s u n

    th e m sel v es I f a n yon e a ppr oac h ed the m o O w o u l d j u m p o v e r the f a ll


    .
    ,
    -

    i t o the ca v e a n d the g i r l wo u l d s p r i n g th r ou gh a h o l e w h i c h le d i n t o i t
    n ,
    .

    A s the ye a r s w en t b y the g i r l s p a r en t s gr e w m o r e a n d mo r e a n x i o u s
    ’

    to r e co v e r th e i r c h i l d A s k i n g a d v i ce o f the ka hu n a th ey w e r e t ol d to
    .
    ,

    c o v e r the h o l e a b o v e the w a t e rf a ll w i th a n e t to tr a p he r O n e d a y th ey
    , .

    d id a s th e y w e r e t o l d S oo n the m o o a n d the g i r l c a m e o u t The p a r en t s


    .
    -
    .

    a ppro a c h ed a n d the m o o s a f e l y j u m p e d o v e r th e w a t e rf a ll
    -
    b u t the g i r l ,

    w a s c a u ght in the n et Re a l izi n g th a t th e r e w a s n o e s c a p e fo r he r s he


    .
    ,

    c r i ed I n my you th you dr o v e m e fro m y o u The m o O ca r e d fo r m e


    “
    -
    . .
    ,

    No w w hy d o you w a n t m e a ga i n ?
    ”
    ,

    S he w a s li k e a w il d a n i m a l s tr u gg li n g to b e fr ee
    ,
    No t d a r i n g to k e ep .

    her s o n ea r the c a v e the p a r en t s mo v e d to Wa i m ea w h e r e gr a d u a ll y th ey ,

    t a m e d the gi r l u t il s he gre w a c cu s to m e d to her o ld l i fe She ha d b eco me


    ,
    n .

    v e ry bea u t i f u l a d l a t e r she w a s m a rr i e d to the pr i n ce o f Wa i m ea


    n .
    B e r n ic e
    -

    P . B is hop M us e u ni —
    B u lletin

    NA M A K A O K A O P A E - - -

    A L EGE ND OF K AU A I
    T h e re l i v e d at Ho l ua m a n uh o s e h u s b a n d h a d b e en e n t i c e d
    a wo m e n w
    a w a y b y a no th e r S ee k i n g a dv i ce the u n h a pp y w i f e w e n t to h er gr a n d
    .
    ,

    mo th e r w ho w a s a k ah u n a l i v i n g a t th e m o u th o f a l i tt l e v a ll ey ne a r
    , ,

    Hol u a ma u The gr a d m o th e r t o l d he r to b r i n g tw o ti l ea v e s a d s he
    n . n n

    w o u l d s ho w he r ho w to d e s tro y he r r i v a l .

    Wh e n the g i r l r e t u r n ed he r gr a d mo t h e r n o t i c e d th a t s he ha d two n

    s t a l k s o f ti i n s t e a d o f tw o l ea v e s s o s he t o r e o ff the l e a v e s s he w a n t e d
    .

    a n d thr e w the s t a l k s a w a y O n e f e ll to the r i ght o f a l i tt l e w a t e rfa ll


    .

    n ea r b y a n d o n e to the l e ft w h e r e th ey a r e gr o w i n g to th i s d a y .

    T h en the O ld w o m a n g a v e th es e i n s t r uc t i o n s to the g i r l T a k e th e s e ,
    “

    l ea v es M a k e th em c l ea n a n d g l os sy a n d s m oo th
    .
    , P l a c e th e m o n the .

    c r e s t o f the w a t e rf a ll G O b e l ow a d s it p e rf ec t l y s t ill o n the r oc k s Wa i t


    . n .

    th e r e u n t il yo u r r i v a l c o me s Wh en she co m es s he w ill p i c k u p a s to n e to
    .

    th ro w a t yo u No t see i n g the g l o s sy ti l ea v e s s he w ill s li p o n th em a n d


    .
    ,

    fa l l a t yo u r f ee t .
    ”

    The m i e r a bl e w i fe q u i c k l y f o ll o w e d o u t he r gr a n d m o th e r s i str uc
    '
    s n

    t i o n s a n d in a s h o rt t i m e he r r i v a l w a s l y i n g a t he r feet S n a t c h i n g a .

    l a rg e s t o n e s he thr e w i t o n to the w om a n s s t om a c h a n d k ill ed her To d a y ’


    .

    in the c l e a r w a t e r o f the s tr ea m is s een a roc k in the s h a p e o f a w o m a n


    o n w h o s e s t o m a c h s t ill li e s the r o c k thr o w b y the a n gr y w i f e n .

    A ft e r h a v i g k ill ed her r i v a l the w i fe t o r e o ut the eye s fr om the d ea d


    n ,

    b o d y a n d w r a pp i g th e m in ti l ea v e s s he th r ew th em i n t o the w a t e r
    ,
    n ,
    .

    T h e n s he fo ll o w ed the s trea m u n t il s he c a m e to a seco n d s m a ll w a t e rf a ll


    u d e r w h i c h s h e s a w h e r h u s b a n d s i tt i n g
    n S h e d ro pp e d a ro c k o n his h e a d .

    w h i c h c r u s h ed i his s k u ll a n d l e ft h is m o u th w i d e o p e n
    n B y th i s t i m e .

    he r i v a l s e ye s ha d fl oa t e d d o w n s tr e a m S he p l a ce d the e yes in he r h u s
    ’
    r .

    ba d s m ou th s a y i n g He r e is yo u r m ea t “
    '

    n , ,
    .

    H e w a s a l s o t u r n e d to s t o e a n d th i s r o c k l y i g in the s t r ea m c a n
    n , ,
    n ,

    s t i l l b e see n b y p a s s e r s b y F ro m the l e dg e a b o v e i t l o o k s l i k e the c r u s h e d


    .
    ,

    in s k u ll O f a m a n w i th O p en m o u th a n d b u lg i n g e ye s th a t g l i tt e r s t ill a s i f
    , ,

    al ive B y the H a w a ii a n s th i s r oc k is s t i ll c a l l e d Na m a k a o k a o p a e the - - -


    .
    , ,

    Ey e s O f the S h r i m p
    - - -
    .
    Be r n ic e P . B is hop M us e n i n — B ulletin

    The h a ppy gr a n d m oth e r p l a ced the b a b y on the m a t s a n d m a d e a ,

    b ow e r o f m a il e i e i e a n d l eh u a b ra n c h es to s h a d e i t fro m the su n T h en
    , .

    Uli w e n t to w o rk in he r g a r d en w h i c h w a s v e r y d e a r to her a n d in w h i c h
    , ,

    s he was a l w ays b u sy .

    A bo u t n oon gr a n d mo th e r ret u r n ed a n d s to pp ed the c h il d s c ry i n g


    the
    ’

    by foo d . So Uli c a r e d fo r he r y ou n g e s t gr a n d s o n fo r fo rt y d a ys B y th a t .

    t i me he w a s fo rt y f a th om s l on g A s he gre w in s t a t u r e she en l a rge d the


    .

    bower o ve r h im .

    O n the l b ra t ed h ill Ha u pu o n the i s l a n d o f M ol ok a i li v e d K eol oew a


    ce e , , , ,

    the k i n g Wi th h i m w e r e Pepee C r oo k e d O n e his gen e r a l ; MO i H i gh


    .
    ,
    -
    ,
    —
    ,

    Ch i e f his k a hu n a ; M oik eha the H i gh Ch i e f w ho O bj ec t s his a s tro l oge r ;


    , ,
    - — -
    ,

    a n d his thr ee p l o v e r m es s en g e r s K ol ea or Pl o v e r ; Ulili o r S a n d Pi p e r ;


    , , ,
    -

    a n d A k e k ek e or S n i p e
    , .

    O n e d a y the k i n g d ec i d ed th a t h e w o u l d m a rr y s o he s en t his bi rd ,

    m e s s e n g e r s to fi n d the m o s t b ea u t i f u l w o m a n o n ea rth w h o s e s k i n s h ou l d ,

    b e li k e the r i s i n g s u n The bi r d s fl ew e v e r y w h e r e l oo k i n g fo r a w om a n
    .
    ,

    w ho w o u l d a n s w e r the k i n g s d es c r i pt i o n T h ey fo un d n on e u n t il th ey ha d
    ’
    .

    r e t u rn ed to H il o a n d th e r e th ey sa w H a k a l a n i leo the mo s t b ea u t i f u l - -
    ,

    w o m a n in the w o r l d b a th i n g in the s ea b y n i ght


    , .

    At on c e the bi rd s fle w b a c k to th e i r k i n g a n d t o l d him th a t th ey ha d
    s een a w o m a n w h os e s k i n w a s l i k e the 00 a n d a l l th e o th e r b ea u t i f u l bi r d s

    o f Ha w a i i .

    K eolo ew a d ec i d e d th a t th i s w o n d e rf u l w o m a n s h o u l d b e his w i f e He .

    o r d e r e d a d o u bl e c a n o e pr e p a r e d fo r the j o u r n ey The bi rd s flew a h ea d .

    to s h o w the w a y T h ey c a m e to the h a r b o r o f H il o j u s t a t d us k T h e re
    . .

    th ey w a i t ed p a t i en t l y u n t i l the fir s t co c k c r o w ed a n d th en th ey h ea rd a ,

    s w ee t v o i c e s i n g i n g The ca n o e w a s d r i ft i n g in the w a t e r w h e r e th i s
    .
    ,

    b ea u t i f u l wo m a n u s ua ll y r o d e the s u r f .

    J u s t a s H a k a l a n i l eo n ot i c ed the d a rk o bj ec t a v o i c e ca ll e d to her
    - -
    , ,

    O b ea u t i f u l w om a n co m e h e r e a n d r e s t b e fo r e yo u r i d e the s u rf
    ,
    .

    The w o m a n s w a m to the c a n oe a n d g ett i n g i n t o i t w a s l o s t in a d m i r a


    t i on o f its d eco ra t i on s w h i c h w e r e m a d e o f the f ea th e r s o f b ea u t i f u l bi rd s .

    I t w a s no t u n t il the c a n oe w a s b e i n g r a p i d l y p a dd l ed fo r M o l o k a i th a t
    _
    ,

    s h e r ea li z e d th a t s he w a s b e i n g c a rr i e d a w a y T h en s he b e ga n to m o u r n .

    fo r he r h us b a n d a n d her h o m e a t H il o .

    A s th e d a y s p a s s e d a n d h i s w i f e d i d n o t r et u r n H a k a s en t his p eo pl e
    ’

    to h u n t o n l a n d a n d s ea fo r h e r S he h a d d i s a pp ea r e d c o m p l e t el y
    . No .

    one co u ld fi n d her .

    T h en the k i n g c a ll e d his el ev en s o n s t o g eth er a n d a s k e d ea c h on e w h a t


    he s h o u l d d o to fi n d th e i r b ea u t i f u l m oth e r H e c a m e a t l a s t to N i h e u .

    w ho a b sen t l y s t i rr i n g u p th e fi r e w i th a l o n g s t i c k a n s w e r e d in th es e
    , ,
    Ri c e -
    H a w a iia n L egen d 95

    wo rd s : The s ea d i v i d es Ha w a i i fro m Mo l ok a i w h e r e the w i fe yo u a r e ,

    ”
    wee p i n g for i s h e l d a pr i s o n e r in th e s tr o n g f o rtr e s s O f H a u pu .

    T h i s a n s w e r m a d e the k i g a n gry w i th N ib e n w h om h e t au n t e d be ca u s e
    n

    o f his s i z e Ni h eu s h o w e d th a t e v en th o u gh he w a s s m a ll he w a s v e r y
    .

    s tro n g H e j u m p ed to the to p o f h is h o u s e a d s e i z i n g the r a ft e r s p u ll e d


    . n , ,

    the b u il d i g d o w n n T h e n he b ea t the gr o un d w i th his s t i c k a n d f o rm e d


    .

    e i ght v a ll eys w i th p r e c i p i c e s so h i gh th a t o l y th e k oa e th e h u g e w h i t e n ,

    tro p i c bi r d s co u l d fly to th e i r s u mm i t s
    ,
    .

    A ft e r he ha d do n e th e se th i g s he s a i d to his f a th e r Now y ou h a v e n ,

    s een w h a t s tr e n gth I h a v e B u t a l a s my s tr en gt h is gr ea t o n l y o n th i s
    .
    , ,

    i s l a n d I f my m other w e r e o n Ha w a i i I c ou l d get h er fo yo u b u t s he
    . r ,

    is o n M o l o k a i
    ”
    .

    O n e d a y w h en U li a n d her gr a n d son K a n a w e r e w o rk i n g in th e i r , ,

    g a rd en in the mo u t a i s th ey h ea r d a gr e a t s h o u t i n g c om i n g fro m the


    n n

    se a s h o r e U l i s a i d th at K a n a s b r o th e r s w e r e t r y i n g to l i ft th e l a rg e u l u a
    ’
    . .

    Wh en K a a h ea r d w h a t his b ro th e r s w e re d o i n g he w a s v e ry a n x i ou s
    n

    to t e s t his s tr e n gth w i th th em S O he w a i t e d u n t il his gr a n d mo th e r w a s


    .

    b u sy a d th en a ft e r h a v i g s h o rt e ed h is b o d y he sec r e t l y h u rr i ed to
    ,
    n ,
    n n ,

    w a rd s the s p o t w h e r e the b o y s w e r e try i n g to li ft the fi s h to th e i r s h o u l d e r s .

    A s he n ea r e d the p o n d o f Wa ia k ea K a a a s k e d th e c h il dr en w hy th e r e ,
    n

    w a s s uc h a gr e a t n o i s e T h ey r ep li e d th a t the c h i e f s w e r e t ry i n g to l i ft
    .

    the bi g fi s h b u t o l y th e s m a ll e s t c h i e f co u l d d o i t
    ,
    n .

    K a n a w a s gr ea t l y s u rpr i s e d th a t his t a ll b ro th e r s co u l d n o t li ft th e
    fi s h a n d s a i d to the c h il d r e T h o s e m en m u s t b e v e ry w e a k i f th ey c a n
    “
    ,
    n,

    o t l i ft th a t fi s h
    ”
    n .

    O n e O f the c h il d r e t o l d the c h i e f s th a t a u k n o w n b o y w a s ma k i n g
    n n n

    fu n o f th e i r st r e gt h H e w a s l e d b e fo r e th e m a n d o e o f the b ro th e r s
    n . n

    a s k ed D i d yo u s a y th a t w e w e r e w e a k li n g s b e c a u s e w e co u l d n o t c a rr y
    “
    ,

    th i s fi sh ? Try to l i ft the fi s h yo u r s e l f i f s u c h s tr en gth b e l o n g s to y o u ,


    .
    ”

    K a n a a t o n c e j u m p ed i t o the p o n d a n d t u r n e d the h ea d o f the fi s h


    n

    t ow a rd s the d ee p w a t e r A s the fi s h s w a m i to the s ea K a n a h e l d o n to


    . n

    its t a il a d w a s c a rr i e d to K e a h u a a d th en b a c k to the p o n d a ga i n T h e r e
    "
    n n .

    he e a s il y li ft e d the fi s h to h is s h ou l d e r a n d w a l k e d a w a y w i th i t , . .

    Wh e n the a s t on i s h e d c ro w d s a w th i s d em on s tr a t io n o f s t re n gth th ey ,

    cried T h i s is the s tr on ge s t b oy o f a ll
    “ ”
    .
    ,

    T h es e w o r d s a g e r ed the O l d e r c h i e f s w ho f el t th a t th ei r s tr en gth ha d
    n ,

    b een r i d i c u l e d in th e ey es o f the p eop l e fo r s tr en gth w a s p osses s ed b y ,

    tho s e o f h i gh bi rth o n l y a n d to h a v e a bo y o f u k n ow n p a r en t a ge s u rpa s s


    ,
    n

    th em w a s a gr e a t i s l t n u .

    S O Ni h eu c r i ed th a t the b oy w a s c a rr y i n g the fi s h b e l o n g i n g to the ,

    c h i e f s to his h e i a u w h e r e h e w ou l d s a c r i fi c e i t in gr a t i t u d e fo r his s t r en gth


    , , .
    96 B e r n i ce P . B is hop M us eu m — B ulleti n
    In fa c t K a n a s o n l y th ou ght w a s to c a rr y his pr i ze ho me to his gra n d
    ’

    mo th e r .A s he p a s s ed the h e i a u o f Ni h e u K a a w a s s e i z ed a n d ca rr i e d ,
    n

    i n t o the h e i a u w h e re he w a s t i e d to the m a i n p o s t Lea v i n g him th e re .


    ,

    h is c a pto r s c a rr i e d the fi s h b a c k to the p o n d I t ha d b een o u t o f w a t e r .

    so l o n g th a t i t w a s v e r y w e a k .

    A s Uli w a s w o rk i n g in he r fi e l d s the th o u ght c a m e to he r th a t a l l w a s,

    n ot w e ll w i th he r gr a n d o n Kan a S O n o t fi n d i n g h im a t h o m e s he
    s , .
    , ,

    h u rr i e d to he r o th e r gr a n d c h il dren .

    Wh en Ni h eu s a w he r he a s k e d Do yo u k n o w w ho th a t b oy is w ho , ,

    tr i e d to s t ea l o u r fi s h ? We h a v e t i e d h im u p in the h e i a u fo r a tt empt i n g
    to c a rry o ff the c h i e f s fi s h
    ’
    .

    Uli l oo k e d a t the ca pt i v e a n d a t on c e s a w th a t he w a s K a n a T u rn i n g .

    to N i h eu s he r e p l i e d T h a t b oy is no th i e f He is yo u r l o rd Y ou w er e
    “ “

    . .
    ,

    b o r n a s a c h il d He w a s b o r n a s a pi ec e o f r o p e T h a t is the r ea so n
    . .

    yo u d i d n ot k n o w yo u r b r oth e r
    ”
    .

    T h en Uli to l d K a n a to w a l k At o n ce a ll his ro p es fe ll o ff a n d in his


    .
    ,

    a n g e r he b eg a n to t e a r d o w n the h e i a u U li f ea r i n g th a t the bo y wo u l d .
    ,

    e n t i r e l y d es tr o y the s ac r ed p l a c e o rd e r e d him to r e t u r n w i th he r to th e i r
    ,

    mo u n t a i n ho m e .

    A s s oo n a s the b ro th e r s h a d r ec o v e r e d fro m th e i r s u rpr i s e ov e r the


    k n o w l edge th a t K a n a w a s li v i n g w i th th e i r gra n dmo th e r Ni h eu to l d th e m ,

    th a t he w a s go i n g i n t o the m o u n t a i n s to b u il d c a n oes w i th w h i c h to go to
    M o l ok a i in s ea r c h o f his m o th e r .

    I n the mo u n t a i n s he l oo k e d fo r t i m b e r s u i t a bl e fo r his c a n o e He s o o n .

    f o u n d tw o w il i w ili tr ee s se v en f ee t in d i a m et e r
    ,

    The f o llo w i n g d a y he f e ll e d th e s e tr ee s w i th tw o m i ght y s tr o k es o f h is


    a x a n d co mm e n c ed h e w i n g th e m o u t B y e v e n i n g he ha d a l mo s t fi n i she d
    .

    th em so he d ec id ed to r e t u r n in the m o r n i n g
    ,
    ~
    .

    Ni h eu w a s u n a bl e to s l ee p th a t n i ght b ec a us e he w a s v e r y a n x io u s a b ou t
    his c a n o e s . A s soo n a s d a y l i ght ca m e he h u rr i e d to the p l a c e w h e r e he ,

    w a s b u il d i n g th e m a n d w a s gr ea t l y a s t o n i s h e d to fi n d th em s t a n d i n g u p

    a n d gr o w i n g a g a i n He l e ft th e m a d lo ok e d fo r o th e r tr e e s s u i t abl e fo r
    . n

    c a n oes .

    Ha v i n g f ou n d tw o k o a tr ees Ni h eu c u t th em d o w n w i th tw o s tr o k es
    ,

    a n d a s o n the pr e v i o u s d a y a l m os t fi n i s h e d the c a n o es b y e v en i n g
    , , Aga i n .

    he w e n t h o m e fo r the n i ght .

    At d ay l i ght he ret u r n e d to the s po t w h e r e he ha d l e ft his u n fi n i s h e d


    c a n oes H e f o u n d th ese s t a n d i n g u p a n d gr o w i n g
    . The b o y w a s v e r y .

    a n gr y a n d m u tt e r e d to h i m s e l f T h i s i s the w o rk o f my gra n dmo t he r Uli


    “
    .
    , ,

    S he w i s h es to b r i n g m y w o rk to n a u ght S he is a c r u e l w o m a n to c a s t th i s .

    sp el l u p on m e I s h a l l k ill her
    . .
    ”
    98 Be r n i ce P . B is ho p M u s eu n u —
    B u lletin
    Ni heu d id as Uli sa id
    th en w a i t ed u n t i l d a rk n es s f ell No th i n g
    , and .

    w a s do n e to the tr ees th a t n i ght b u t the f oll o w i n g n i ght h e h e a rd v o i c e s


    ,

    s ay i n g C ome let u s fi n i s h Niheu s c a n oes


    “ ’ ”
    .
    , ,

    T h en a w o n d e rf u l th i n g h a pp en e d The ca n oes w e r e i n s t a n t l y fi n i s h ed .

    a d a c a n oe h ou s e w a s b u il t
    n A ft e r the a n ce st o r s ha d p ul l ed the c a n oes
    .

    u n d e r s h e l t e r th ey d i s a pp ea r e d .

    Ea r l y in the m o r n i n g Ni h e u w e n t to s ee w h a t ha d b een d one a n d w a s


    gr ea t l y a s t o n i s h ed to see e v e ryth i n g fi n i sh ed H a pp i n es s fi ll e d his h ea rt . .

    Lo o k i n g fo r f o o d he c a m e u p o n a h ou s e w h i c h h e e n t e r e d
    ,
    T h e r e he .

    s a w s e v e r a l co il s o f r o p e N i h e u w a s v e r y g l a d to s ee th i s ro p e fo r h e
    .

    n ee d e d i t to p u ll h is c a n oes to th e s e a H e a l so s a w tw o s t i c k s b en t s u i t .

    a bl y fo r l a s h i n g his c a n o e s t o g eth e r .

    J u s t a s Ni h e u w a s c o gr a t u l a t i n g h i m se l f on his goo d l u c k the ro p e


    n

    b eg a n to u n co il a n d K a n a s t oo d b e f o r e his a s t o n i s h ed b r o th e r w ho w a s ,

    s o fr i ght en e d th a t h e r a a n d j u m p e d d o w n a h i gh pa l i
    n K a n a s t r e t c h ed .

    o u t h is a r m s a n d r es c u e d th e f a lli n g b o y B r i n gi n g him b ac k he a sk ed .
    ,

    w hy he h a d j u m p e d o v e r the po l l .

    Ni h eu r ep l i e d I j u m p e d o v e r th a t pal i b eca u s e I w a a n x i o us to see


    ,
    s

    th e h a n d so m e p e o p l e w ho li v e d o w n b e l o w Y ou ca u ght m e b e f o r e I s a w .

    th em .
    ”

    To th i s f a l s e h oo d K a a a s w e r e d n Y o u a r e n o t s p ea k i n g th e t r u th
    n ,
    .

    Y o u r a n b ec a u s e y o u s a w m y bi g eye s l o o k i n g a t yo u
    ”
    .

    Ni h eu co n f es s e d th i s to b e tr u e T h e h e h u rr i e d b a c k to h is gr a n d . n

    m o th e r a n d t o l d he r th a t the c a n oes ha d b een fi i s h ed a s s he ha d fo r et o l d n .

    H e a s k e d h e r w h e r e th e gr a n d s on li v e d w ho h a d c a rr i e d the u l ua a n d ,

    w ho m s he ha d c a ll e d the l o rd o f h i m s e l f a n d his b ro th e r s fo r th a t gr a n d ,

    s o n m u s t go to M o l o k a i in s ea r c h o f h is b ea u t i f u l m o th e r .

    U l i a t fi r s t d i d n o t w a n t Ni h e u to t a k e K a n a a w a y b u t a t l a s t s he ,

    co s en t e d
    n o n c o n d i t i o n th a t h e b e w ell tr e a t e d
    ,
    .

    Ni h e u fo u n d K a n a a n d m a d e k o w n his e rr a n d K a n a co n sen t ed to
    n .

    h e l p his b ro th e r a n d ex p l a i e d the d et a il s o f his p l a n Ni h eu w a s to


    n .

    a rr a n g e h is b r o th e r s a n d th e i r f o ll o w e r s in a l on g l i n e e xt e d i n g fr o m the n

    m o u n t a i n s to the s e a w i th h i m s el f n ea r es t the s e a
    ,
    T h e s e m en m u s t a ll .

    b e s tr o g a s the ca o es w e r e to s li d e d o w n th e i r s h o u l d e r s to the s ea
    n n .

    Wh e n K a n a s a w th a t the l o n g l i n e o f m en w a s a rr a n ge d he p u s h e d the
    c a o es w i th s u c h f o r c e th a t th ey s l i d t o w a rd s th e s ea li k e the w i n d
    n de ,

    s t r o y i g ev e r y th i g in th e i r w a y
    n n The m en t r i e d to s t o p th e c a n o e s b u t
    .

    w e r e k n o c k e d d o w n a n d k ill e d .

    A s the c a n o es w e r e s l i d i n g b y Ni h e u he c a ught h o l d O f the m a n u , ,

    the c a rv e d pro w s a d t r i e d to s t o p th e m b u t w a s u a bl e to d o s o u n t il
    ,
    n ,
    n

    he ha d b ee n c a rr i e d o u t to d ee p w a t e r A ft e r he ha d a n c ho r ed the ca n oes . ,
    Ric e —
    H a w ai ian L egen d s 99

    he s wa m a s h o r e a d h ea r d the grea t w a ili g o v e r the su dd en d ea th o f his


    n n

    O l d e r b r o th e r s .

    Ni h e u h u rr i e d to U l i a n d K a n a to t e ll th em the s a d n e w s K a n a th en .

    t o l d his b ro th e r to ca ll the a s t ro l o ge r a d the c r ew s for the c an oes Aft e r n .

    e v e ry th i n g w a s pr e p a r e d the p eo p l e ca rr i ed K a n a to the s ea
    ,
    .

    M o i the fa m ou s k a h un a o f M o l o k a i s a w a l l th e s e pr e p a r a t io n s to
    -
    , ,

    r es c u e H a k a l a n i leo go i n g on o Ha w a i i He c a ll e d the p l o v e r a n d s a i d
    - -
    , n .
    ,

    G o to o u r l o rd the Ki n g a n d sa y th a t I h a v e ha d a d r ea m I f he w i s h e s
    “
    .
    , ,

    to e s c a p e h a rm he m u s t r et u r n th e w o m a h e ha s s t o l e n I f he r e f u s e s to n .

    d o th i s d i r e c a l a m i t y w ill b e f a ll h im
    , The c r o p o f c oc o n u t s a d t a r o w i ll . n

    f a il A a s m a ll l a v a s t o n es w il l co v e r the l a n d
    .
    —
    , ,
    .

    The p l o v e r fle w to the en tr a ce o f the p a l a c e a n d m a d e k n o w n to the n

    k i g the d rea m o f his k a hu n a The k i n g a n s w e r ed th a t n o so l d i e r w a s


    n .

    b ra v e e n o u gh to c om e to M o l ok a i a d a tt em pt to co n q u e r her k i n g n .

    S oo n a ft e r M o i s l e pt a n d d r ea m ed a g a i
    ,
    —
    T he p lo v e r s ee i n g hi s l i p s n .
    ,

    mo v e a w a k en e d him a n d a s k e d w hy he w a s m u tt e r i n g in his s l ee p
    ,
    Mo i .
    —

    sen t the p l o v e r to w a r n the k i n g to s en d b a c k the w o m a n b e fo r e the w a rd s

    o f U li s h ou l d c o m e to r e s c u e he r a n d to b r i g d i s a s t e r to M o lo k a i ,
    n .

    The k i n g in a n ge r s en t his me s se n g e r to t ell M o i to d r ea m n o m o r e


    , ,
    -
    ,

    o r he w o u l d b e p u n i s h e d .

    K eo l o e w a th e n c a ll e d his b o d y g ua rd o f p l o v e r s a n d t o l d th em to fly ,

    o v e r the w o r l d to see i f a n y s o l d i e r s w e r e pr e p a r i n g fo r a tr i p to M o l o k a i .

    The p lo v e r s fle w e v e ry w h e r e a n d s e e i n g n o s o l d i e r s a ll b u t o n e r e t u r n e d
    , ,

    to the k i n g T h i s o e p lo v e r r em a i n e d o n H a w a ii H e fle w i n t o the h o us e
    . n .

    o f U li T h e he w en t to H il o a n d r a n a l o n g the b ea c h u n t il he b ec a m e
    . n

    th i r s ty Aft e r he ha d go e to a s tr ea m for a dr i n k he flew b a c k to the


    . n ,

    b ea c h w h e r e he s a w the tr a c k s o f a m an in the s a n d Ea c h t r a c k w a s .

    a fa th o m lo n g a n d a ya rd w i d e .

    W i th th i s i n fo r ma t i o n the p l o v e r r e t u rn e d to M o lo k a i w h e r e he fo u n d
    th a t the k i n g ha d b u il t a bi g fi re to p u t to d ea th the bi rd m e s se n ge r s ,

    b eca u se th ey ha d b ro u ght n o n e w s to him Wh e the k i n g h ea rd the . n

    r e po rt o f the on e p l o v e r w ho ha d st a ye d b eh i n d he p u t o u t the fi re a n d ,

    s p a r e d the li v e s o f the o th e r s He b el i e v e d th a t th e r e w a s n o s tr on g m a n
    .

    o n H a w a ii a s the m e s sen g e r s ha d se en n o n e .

    I n the m ea t i m e M O i d r e a m e d a g a i n a n d a s b e f o r e s en t the p l o v e r to
    n -

    the k i n g w i th th i s m e s s a g e : O Ki n g r e t u r n the wo m a n w i th i n thr ee d a y s


    “
    , ,

    o r the w a r c a oe s w ill b e see n a ppr oa c h i n g ou r i s l a n d


    n I n m y d r ea m I .

    s a w a fig u r e fl y i n g a bo v e the f o rtr es s o f H a u p u The h ea d w a s h i gh e r .

    th a n the mo u n t a i n The eyes w e r e a s b r i ght a s the e v en i n g s t a r


    . .
    ”
    B er n i ce P . B is ho p M us e ri i n - —
    B ulle tin
    The k i n g w a s v e ry a n gry a n d o rd e r ed his so l d i e r s to b r i n g Mo i b e fo re -

    h im . T h en he s en t fo r Mo ik eha the s i s t e r o f MO i w ho c o u l d t ell him i f ,


    -
    ,

    th e r e w a s a y tr u th in the w o rd s o f her b r oth e r


    n .

    Wh en Mo ik eha c a me b e f o re the k i n g he to l d her o f the fre q uen t w a r n ,

    i n g s he ha d r ec e i v e d fro m M o i He s a i d th a t h e d id n ot d es i r e to r et u r n
    -
    .

    the b ea u t i f u l wo m a n he ha d s t ol e n .

    A ft e r h ea r i n g the k i n g s m es sa ge Mo ik eha b ega n he r r i t es She t oo k


    ’
    , .

    a l a rg e c a l a b a s h f u ll o f w a t e r a n d c o v e r e d i t w i th t a p a W h il e s he w a s .

    d o i n g th i s s he h e a rd the v o i ce o f Mo i m u tt e r i n g : Lo o k w e ll to w h a t
    “
    -

    yo u a r e d o i n g a n d y o u w i ll se e the bi g eye s o f a m a n s t a n d i n g in the s ea .

    H e is c o m i g fo r the w om a n w ho is h e l d h e r e w i th o u t g oo d c a u s e
    n If .

    he r ea c h es the i s l a n d a ll w i ll b e d es tr oye d ,
    H e is so t a ll th a t his h e a d .

    is h i gh e r th a n the fo rtr es s of Ha a p u
    ”
    .

    A s soo n a s M o i ha d ce a se d t a l k i g his s i s t e r b eg a n to pr a y
    -
    Wh il e n , .

    s h e pr a y e d a v i o l e n t e a rthq u a k e s h o o k the l a n d
    , Wh en M o ik eha r e mo v e d .

    the t a p a fr o m the c a l a b a s h s he a n d Mo i s a w a p a i r o f eyes a s b r i ght a s


    ,
    -

    the m oo n s h i n i n g in th e w a te r f T h en M o ik eha k n ew th a t th e d r ea m s o f
    he r b ro th e r w e r e t r u e a n d s he w a r n e d the k i n g to r et u r n his c a pt i v e to
    Ha w a i i .

    The k i n g w o u l d n o t li st en to th i s a dv i c e a n d a n s w e re d I w ill n o t re ,

    t u r n my pr iz e I a m a bl e to l i ft u p my i s l a n d u n t il the f o rtre s s r ea ch es
    .

    the c lo u d s No m a n is t a ll en o u gh to o v e r l oo k i t th en
    ”
    . .

    M o i a n s w e r e d th a t the w a rd o f Uli w a s a bl e to b ec om e t a ll e r th a n
    -

    a n y fo rtr es s I n fea r the p eo p l e p r e p a r e d fo r the d a y w h en the w a r


    .
    ,

    ca n oes w o u l d r e a c h th e i r i s l a n d The k i n g s t ill li s t en ed n ot to the e a r n es t


    .

    e n t r e a t i e s o f his g en e r a l s a n d s o l d i e r s to r e t u r n H a k a l a n i l eo th e b ea u t i f u l - -
    ,

    w o m a n o f H a w a ii .

    M ea n w h il e o n H a w a n K a a w a s m a k i n g h is pr e p a r a t i on s fo r the
    , ,
    n

    j o u r ey H e t o l d Ni h eu to l e a v e b eh i n d a ll the so l d i e r s a n d p a dd l e r s a n d
    n .
    ,

    to t a k e w i th th e m o n l y Po ha k u the S t o n e a t r u s t e d co mp a n i o n , Wh en , .

    a l l w a s pr e p a r e d the p eo p l e w r a pp e d K a n a in m a t s u s i n g o n e th o u s a d o f
    , ,
    n

    th em to co v e r him T h e n th ey p l a c e d h i m o n the polo the fr a m e j o i n i n g


    .
    ,

    the d ou bl e ca n o e .

    As th ey p u t out to s e a , the t ide and th e c u rr e t s n we r e a ga i s t th em n .

    Ma ny ev il a k u a of th em The
    the s ea t r i ed to d el a y . s w o r d fi s h t r i e d to
    -

    d e tr oy th e c a no e b u t Po ha k u l o w e r ed h i m s e l f to the s i d e o f the c a no e
    s ,

    a n d th e fi s h t r i k i n g a g a i n s t the sto n e O f his bo d y w a s d estr oyed T h i s


    ,
    s . .

    w a s the l a s t o f th e i r tro bl e s u .

    So on th ey l a y o ff M o l o k a i The p eo p l e w a t c h i g fo r w a r c a n o e s w e r e
    . n

    s u rpr i se d to se e a c a n o e w i th o n l y o n e m a n p a d d l i n g A m es s en g e r w a s .

    s en t to a k i f th i s w a s a w a r o r a p l e a s u r e c a n oe
    s Wh e n Ni h eu a s we r ed . n
    102 B er n ice P . B is hop M ii s eum —
    -
    f B u lle tin .

    Wh en Ni h eu
    b ro th e r in th i s s t ra n g e fo rm he beg a n to c ry th a t
    saw h is ,

    he ha d b een k ill e d H e c a ll e d o ut K a n a co m e d o w n a g a i n to Uli “


    . .
    , ,

    K a n a h ea rd his b ro th e r s w o rd s a n d l o w e re d h is h ea d i n t o H il o w h il e
    '

    his f eet w e r e s t ill o n Mo l o k a i Ul i k n e w th a t he r gr a n d c h il d w a s in som e


    .

    t ro ubl e a n d s he w a s v e ry a n gry w i th Ni h eu w ho ha d th ou ght m o re o f a


    , ,

    fe w h a i r s o f his h e a d th a n o f s a v i n g hi s b ea u t i f u l m o th e r .

    Uli b r o u ght f oo d to K a n a H e a te a ll the fo o d th a t w a s in the c a l a .

    b a s h He a te a ll the foo d th a t w a s in the g a rd en t a r o po t a to e s a n d


    .
    ,
    —
    ,

    ba n a n a s As K a n a t oo k th i s n ou r i s h m en t his f eet o n M o l ok a i b ega n to


    .

    gro w Wh en Ni h e u sa w the feet gr ow i n g he b ega n to c h o p a t th em w i th


    .
    ,

    a t
    s on e .

    Kana ca ll ed to his gra n d mo th e r , My f ee t a re in pa i n . Wh a t is the


    t ro ubl e ? ”

    Uli xp l a i n e d to him th a t Ni h eu w a s a n gry b ec a u se he w a s h un gr y


    e .

    S O K a n a pr o m i s ed to t a k e h im a h ill o f s w ee t p o t a to e s .

    U li a l s o e x p l a i n e d to K a n a th a t he m us t r e t u r n to M o l o k a i a n d b r ea k
    the b ac k s o f the t u rt l e s so th a t th ey c ou l d n o t li ft Ha u p u a n y h i gh e r
    ,
    .

    H a v i n g h e a r d th e s e wo r d s K a na r a i s e d his h ea d a n d w h en the t u rt l e s ,

    tr i ed to li ft u p the fo rtress he c r u sh ed th em to d ea th a n d pr es se d the


    m o u n t a i n d o w n to its o r i g i n a l s i z e Ni h e u th e n c l i mb e d u p a n d c a rr i e d .

    h is m o th e r d o w n to the c a n oe .

    The t e rr i fi e d p eo p l e t r i e d to e s c a p e b u t w e r e dr i v en o v e r the pa li b y
    the bi g ey es o f K a n a O n l y MO i a n d h is s i s t e r e s c a pe d
    .
    —
    .

    K a na c u t H a up u o ff fro m the m a i n l a n d He g a v e the k i n gdo m o f .

    Mo l o k a i to H ook ek ua the k i n g o f K ek a h a ,
    T h en he sen t Ni h eu to .

    H a w a ii w i th his m o th e r a n d b eg a n his tr a v e l s ,
    .

    F ro m Mo lo k a i K a a c r os se d to O a h u w h enc e he soo n w e n t to Kipu k a i


    '

    n ,

    o n Ka ua i T h e re he s a w the bea ut i fu l s i s t e r s o f Ka n eik e He tr a v el ed


    . .

    o n u n t il he r ea c h e d K a l a l a n w h e r e he fr i ght e n e d Ka hu a n u i B i g F o u n d a -
    , ,

    t i on s w ho w a s ma k i n g t a p a b y str et c h i n g h i m sel f u n t il his h ea d r ea c h e d


    , ,

    the c l o u d s .

    Ni i h a u w a s n e x t v i s i t e d b y the tr a v e l e r A ft e r s ee i g the c e l eb ra t ed . n

    m a t w e a v e r a n d the i n t e r e s t i n g p o i t s he s t epp e d b a c k to K a ua i a t a p l a c e
    -
    n

    c a ll e d K e e n e a r K a l a l a n w h i c h is c a ll e d to th i s d a y K a p u a i a K a n a The
    ’
    - -
    , , , ,

    I ni p r in tp f K a n a s Foo t —
    Wh e r e v e r K a n a tr a v el e d o n K a u a i a n d Ni i h a u
    ’
    -
    .

    he k i ll e d th e a k a w ho w e r e d e tr oy i g the p eo p l e
    u s n .

    At l a s t K a a r et u r n e d to Ha w a ii w h e r e he f o u n d a ll the ch i e f s li v i n g
    n ,

    h a pp il y Ni h e u a sk ed him to go a r un d Ha w a i i w i t h h im Wh il e th ey
    . o .

    w e r e s t a y i n g in K o a Ni h e u h ea rd the p e o p l e co m p l a i n i n g b ec a u se th e i r
    n ,

    k i n g K a ho a le i the F r i en d o f the L e i ma d e th e m c o o k foo d a n d fi s h fo r


    , ,
    - — -
    .
    Ric e— H a t tra/ iia n L ege n d s 103

    Niheu d ec i d e d ta l k wi th ki ng s m e s s e n g e r w h en h e c a me wi th
    ’
    him . to th e

    o rd e r s p eo p l e a n d s o c a ll e d to the m a n b u t he r a n a w a y Ni h e u
    fo r the , ,
    .

    f o llo w e d a n d c at c h i n g the p oo r fe ll ow b ro k e his b a c k .

    Aft e r th i s li tt l e a d v en t u r e Ni h eu r et u rn e d to H il o T h e re his gra n d .

    m o th e r gr ee t e d him w i th th e s e w o r d s Y o u h a v e b ee n u p to m i s c h i e f
    “
    : .

    Yo u r a c t io n s w i ll b r i n g tr ou bl e to u s Br i n g you r b ro t he r to m e be fo r e .

    the ca l a m i t y b e fa ll s u s
    ”
    .

    I n the m e a n t i m e K a hoa lei ha d w a i t e d u n t i l m i d n i ght o f the th i rd n i ght


    fo r the r e t u r n o f his m e s s en g e r At t h a t h o u r th e m es se n ge r c r a w l e d
    .

    b e fo re his k i n g be gg i n g m e rc y a n d s a y i n g th a t h e h a d b ee b a d l y t rea t e d
    , n

    by the gr a d s o n o f Ul i n .

    Ka ho a lei w a s v e r y a n gry a d c r i e d I s h a ll p u n i s h Niheu


    n I s h a ll t a k e
    , .

    fro m Ha w a i i the s u n the moo a d the s t a r s O n l y w h e re I a m s h a l l


    ,
    n, n .
    ,

    th e r e b e li ght .

    Aft e r Uli ha d s en t Niheu to fi d K a a s he fa st en e d a ro p e to the d oo r n n ,

    O f her h o u s e a n d th e n c a rr i e d the r o p e to the sea s o th a t i f th e thr e a t e n e d ,

    d a rk n es s b e f e ll the l a n d s he cou l d fi n d he r w a y to a n d fr o m the o c ea n


    , .

    The p eo p l e s ee i n g th i s w o n d e r e d w h a t Uli w a s d o i n g
    , , .

    A s soon a s Ni h e u f o u n d his b r oth e r he s t a rt e d fo r H il o w i th K a n a o n


    h is b a c k T h ey ha d g on e o l y a s h o rt d i s t a n c e w h en the s u n w a s t a k en
    . n ,

    from the h ea v en s a n d th ey ha d to f ee l th e i r w a y K a n a th en s tr et c h e d his .

    h ea d a bo u t the c lo u d s a n d so r ea c h e d Ul i s h ou s e ’

    S O yo u h a v e c om e s a i d h is gr a n d mo th e r I s en t fo r yo u b ec a u se I
    ”
    , .

    k n ew you w e re the o n l y p e rso n w ho co u l d r e co v e r the s u G o n ow a n d n .

    fi d it
    n I t is h i dd en u n d e r the e a rth
    . B e fo r e you go see i f th e r e is a n y
    .
    ,

    li ght i the s k y I f th e r e is c om e a n d t e ll m e
    n .
    , .
    ”

    K a n a s tre t c h e d his b od y u n t il he rea c h e d the s k y w h e r e he fo u n d li ght , .

    Wh e n he ha d r ep o rt ed th i s to Uli s he s a i d T a k e yo u r b ro th e r w i th you ,
    “

    a n d go u p a s fa r a s y o u r b o d y w ill t a k e you The p l a c e th a t yo u w ill t o u c h .

    w h e n y o u b e d o v e r w ill b e K a bi k i a d th e r e y o u w i ll fi n d a s pr i n g
    n ,
    nIf .

    a n y o n e a s k s y ou yo u r n a m e s a y I a m you r s a n d Ul i s
    ‘ ’ ’
    .
    , ,

    Wi th th e s e i n s tr u ct i on s K a n a s t a rt e d o n his w o n d e rf u l j ou r n ey W h en .

    th ey r eac h ed the h ea v en s Ni h eu w a s c h ill e d th ro u gh a d thro u gh a n d so


    ,
    n ,

    w a s l e ft b e h i d to d ie n K a n a f e ll to K a bi k i The tw o old p eop l e th e re


    . .

    w e r e s t a rt l e d b y the o i s e o f his f a ll a n d e a c h tr i e d to m a k e the o th e r fi n d


    n ,

    w h a t ha d f a ll en n ea r th em .

    At l a s t the Old w oma n w e t o u t a n d seei n g a w h i t e o bj ec t in the


    n

    s pr i n g tr i e d to ca t c h i t w i th a s t i c k F a ili n g to d o th i s s he a s k e d the
    .
    ,

    o bj ec t w h a t i t w a s a n d w a s s u rpr i s ed to h ea r i t a n s w e r I a m yo u r s a n d
    “
    ,

    ”
    Uli
    ’
    s .
    104 B e r n ice P . B is hop il l us e n rn— B ulle tin
    C ry i n g Oh my gr a n d son ! the o ld w oma n c a rr i ed K a na to her hu s
    ,

    b a n d T h ey fe d h i m u n t il his s tr e n gth r et u r n e d a n d th en a s k ed h i m i f
    .

    h e ha d c o m e for the s u n Wh en he r ep li ed th a t s uc h w a s his e rr a n d th ey


    .
    ,

    g a v e h i m tw o g u i d e s w ho led the w a y T h ey s e n t a fi r e in fro n t to s h o w .

    th e m the w ay a n d a w i n d beh i n d to h el p th em o n .

    Wh en th ey r ea ch ed the li n e d i v i d i n g the k i n gd om from the l a n d o f the


    k eep e r s o f the s pr i n g the g u i d es l e ft K an a t e lli n g h i m to go w h e re v er
    , ,

    the w i n d d i r ec t e d .

    S o K a n a j o u r n ey e d o n a l o n e u n t i l he c a m e to the g ua rd M a n u a s i tt i n g ,
    -
    ,

    b y the k i n g s d oo r M a n u a w a s fr i en d l y a n d u rg i n g the s tr a n g e r to s it
    ’
    -
    .
    , ,

    d ow n b y h im t o l d h i m ho w he ha d to s it th e r e a n d w a t c h the k i n g a n d h is
    , ,

    f o ll o w e r s ea t a n d p l ay w h il e the c ol d r a i n f e ll u p on h im .

    K a n a w a s grea t l y i t e res t ed So o n he sa w ho w the k i n g got his f oo d


    n . .

    He li ft ed a s t o n e th a t co v e r e d a l a rg e h o l e in the s k y a n d l o w e r e d his
    h a n d w h i c h w a s qu i c k l y fi ll ed w i th f oo d b y the p eop l e b el o w .

    Wh il e the k i n g a n d his m en w e r e e a t i n g the g u a rd s a i d to K a n a , ,

    Wa i t w i th me u t il th ey h a v e fi n i s h ed T h en th ey w ill r et u r n the
    '

    n .

    d i s h es a n d w h a t r ema i n s o f the food P r o p u p the st on e w i th yo u r fo o t . .

    T h ey w ill th i n k the h o l e is c l os ed a n d w ill go ba c k to th e i r g a m e T h en .

    ”
    w e m ay ea t .

    Kana d i d as tol d
    h en th ey w er e a l o n e b e l o w e re d his
    he w a s , an d w
    h a n d th ro u gh the h ol e A s he d id s o the p eo p l e s a w a l a rg e bl a c k h a n d
    .

    a n d th ey k n ew i t w a s n o t the k i n g s h a n d S om e o n e s a i d T h i s h an d ’ “
    .
    ,

    m u s t b e l on g to a s o l d i e r No w o n d e r i t is fa t He s i t s a n d p l a y s g a m e s
    . .

    a ll d a y w h il e w e l a b o r fo r him P e rh a p s e v en n o w he is d em a n d i n g m o r e
    .

    fo o d f
    ’

    H o w ev e r K a n a r el a t i v es r ec ogn i z ed his h a n d a n d fi ll e d i t w i th f oo d
    ’

    , s ,
    .

    M a n u a t o l d h i m to dro p the fo od T h en h is h a n d w a s fi ll ed w i th w a t e r
    -
    . .

    T h i s K a n a a l s o d ropp ed T h ey n ex t t r i ed bi rd s w h i c h the g u a rd o rd e r e d
    .

    up T h e s e bi rd s c a ll e d ou t K ia w ea the ca ll o f the l on g l egg e d fi sh


    .
    ,
    “
    ,
    ”
    -

    h a w k a n d the fr i en d s o f the k i n g th ou ght t ha t d a y ha d co m e The k i n g


    , .

    to l d th e m th a t th e r e w e r e n o bi rd s th e r e .

    K a n a a g a i n l o w e r ed his h a n d a n d i t w a s fi ll ed w i th s t a r s w h i c h h e
    , ,

    thr ew i n to the h ea v en s w h e r e th ey g a v e li ght T h en the moo n w a s p l a ced .

    i his h a d
    n K a n a p u t i t i n t o the bl ue s k y w h e re i t rem a i n ed g i v i n g li ght
    n .
    ,
    .

    He w a s n e x t g i v e n a ll k i d s O f bi r d s a n d f o w l a n d fo r the fi r s t t i m e the
    n ,

    roo s t e r b r o k e the mo r n i n g s t il l n e s s b y c r ow i n g .

    Y e t a ga i n K a n a l o w e r ed h is h a n d thr o u gh the m a g i c h o l e in the s k y .

    T h i s t i m e he w a s g i v e the s u n w h i c h he p l a c ed in the sk y h a v i n g r ec e i v ed
    n , ,

    its s o l e m n pr o m i se n e v e r to d i s a pp ea r a g a i n S i n c e th a t d a y n o m a g i c .

    po w e r ha s b een a bl e to d epr i v e the p eop l e on ea rth o f the gr ea t s u n .


    106 B e r n ic e P . B is hop M us e u m — B u lle ti n

    K A I LI -
    L AU O KEKO A — -

    A L EG E ND OF KAU A I
    K a il i -
    C o v e r i n g o i the Koa Lea f w a s the o n l y d a ught er
    la u -o k e k oa , The
    - — - — - -
    ,

    o f M o ik eha a n d Hoo ip o tw o v e r y h i gh c h i e f s o f K a ua i H e r p a r en t s
    , .

    l ov ed the c h il d gr ea t l y a n d g a v e her e v e ry c a r e e n ga g i n g a n u r s e o r
    , , ,

    ka h u to b e w i th he r a l w a ys
    ,
    A s K a il i l a u o k e k o a gr e w he r b e a u t y .
    - - -
    ,

    i n c r ea s e d A ft e r s he ha d r i dd en the s u rf a t M a k a i w a n ea r Wa i po u l i o r
    .
    ’

    , ,

    ha d p l a ye d k on a n e a c o m p l i c a t e d g a m e r e s e m bli n g c h e s s he r c h ee k s
    , ,

    g l ow ed l i k e the r i s i n g s u n .

    O n e d a y w h e n he r p a r e n t s ha d go n e to c u l t i v a t e t a r o in K a p a h i
    , ,

    Ka il i la u o k eko a w a s a l o n e Pl a y i n g k o ua n e w i th her n u r s e S u dd en l y a
    - - -
    , .

    s tr a n g e m a n s t oo d b e fo r e the d o o r H e a s k e d the g i r l i f she e n j o ye d .

    k on a n e v e r y m u c h Wh en she a s w e red th a t s he d i d he s u gges t e d th a t


    . n ,

    s he p l a y a g a m e w i th him K a i li l a u o k ek oa w o n the g a m e b y a s co r e .
    - ~ -

    o f n i n e to fo u r S he s a i d to the s tr a n g e r Y o u h a v e b ee n d e f ea t ed b y the
    “
    .
    ,

    d a u ght e r o f M oik eha


    ”
    .

    The m a n a s k e d I s M o ik e ha s t ill li v i n g ?
    “
    ,

    a n s w e r ed K a i li l a u O k e k oa H e ha s g o e to the t a r o p a t c h e s
    “ ” “
    Y es ,
    - - —
    . n

    no w . M oik eha l o v es s u rf r i d i n g an d my m o th e r He w il l st ay o n K a ua i -
    .

    t ill he d i es .
    ”

    A ft e r the s tr a n ge r ha d h ea rd th e s e w o r d s he s a i d I b el i e v e d th a t he , ,

    w a s d ea d I r e gr et n o t b e i n g a bl e to t a k e him b a c k to M o l o k a i w i th m e
    . .

    Wh en he r e t u r n s t ell him th a t the h i gh c h i e f o f M o l o k a i ha s b een h e re


    , ,

    a n d ha s b e e n d e fea t e d b y M o ik e ha s d a u ght e r in a g a m e G i v e yo u r f a th e r ’
    .

    a n d mo th e r the a l o h a o f H ea a k e k o a -
    .

    Wh e the c h i e f fr om M o l ok a i ha d s po k en th es e w o r d s he go t i n t o h is
    n ,

    c a no e a n d s t a rt e d fo r his i l a n d
    ,
    s .

    No w a t P iha n a k a la n i w h e r e a ll g oo d th i n g s a b o u n d e d
    , a l e g e n d a ry
    , ,
    —

    s p o t o n K a u a i a bo v e the Wa il u a r i v e r th a t c a n ot b e fo u n d n o w a d ays ,
    n

    th e r e li v ed tw o v e ry h i gh c h i e f s : K a u a k a h i a l i i The B a tt l e o f the Lo n e - -
    ,
    - - — -

    Ch i e f a n d his s i s t e r K a h a l e l eh u a The Ho us e o i Le h ua I n th i s g a rd en
    ,
    - -
    ,
    - — —
    .

    s p o t o f P ih a a k a l a n i w a s the fa r f a m e d f o u n t a i n o f Wa i o k e Ol a Wa t e r O f
    - — -
    n - -
    ,

    Li f e w h i c h c o u l d r e s to r e the d e a d to li f e a n d r e e w the yo u th o f the


    , ,
    n

    a ge d K a ua k a h i a li i o w n ed a v e ry l o u d s ou d i n g fl ut e c a ll e d Ka n ik a w i
    ’
    .
    - - -
    n ,

    w h i c h c o u l d b e h e a rd a s fa r a w a y a s K a p a a .

    O n e i ght K a ili la u O k ek oa ha d b e en p l a y i g k on a n e w i th her n u r s e


    n - - -
    n

    u n t il m i d n i ght T h a t i ght w h il e the g i r l s l e pt the n u r e h ea rd the fl u t e


    . n , ,
    s .

    c ry i g
    n K a il i l a u o k ek oa d o you s l eep ?
    ,
    - - -
    ,
    Ric e -u
    H a w a iia n L egen d s 107

    \Vh en the
    '
    gi rl awo ke
    r n i g her n u r s e t o l d her the w o rd s s he
    in the m o n

    ha d h ea rd K a il i l a u o k eko a w a s gr ea t l y e x c i t e d a n d s a i d To d a y w e “
    — - -
    .
    ,

    s h a ll s l ee p a l l d a y so th a t I m a y b e a w a k e a t m i d n i ght fo r I m u s t h ea r ,

    th i s v o i c e from the h ill s w h e i t c a l l s m e n .


    ”

    S O th ey s l e pt u n t il e v e i g T h en th ey p l a yed k o a n e to k eep th em
    n n . n

    s e l v es a w a k e At m i d n i ght th ey h ea r d the fl u t e v o i ce ca lli n g K a ili


    .
    ,

    la u o k e k o a d o yo u s l e e p in P u a ? I s n o t the s u rf h i gh ?
    ”
    - -
    ,
    n

    I d o n o t s l eep I s h a l l s e a r c h fo r yo u u n t i l I fi n d yo u a n s w e r e d the
    “
    .
    ,

    b r ea thl es s K a il i la u O k ek oa - - —
    .

    T h e n s he a n d her u r s e s t a rt ed on th e i r s ea rc h T h ey c li m b ed u p the
    n .

    m ou n t a i n s i d e a n d a t d a y li ght r ea c h e d K u a mo o .

    Wh en the s i s t e r o f the fl u t e p l a ye r s a w th e s e tw o w o me n c o m i n g s he ,

    s en t th e h e a v y m i s t a n d the bl i n d i n g r a i n to d e l a y th e i r j o u r n ey T h ey .

    fo u n d s h el t e r in a ho ll o w tr ee a n d w h en the r a i n ha d cea s ed th ey w en t o n .

    K a ili la u O k ek o a s oo sa w a h o u s e w h e r e a b r i ght fi r e w a s b u r n i n g
    - — -
    n .

    A s the tw o w o m en a pp r oac h e d the h ou s e o f K a h a l e l e h u a the s i s t e r - -


    ,

    o f the fl u t e p l a y e r s h e t o o k p i ty o n th em a n d w e l co m e d th e m
    -
    , S he to o k , .

    of f th e i r w et c l o th e s a n d ga v e th e m e a c h a d ry pa u T h e n s he p r e p a r e d ’

    , .

    a m ea l fo r he r u n bi d d e n g u e s t s S he p l a c e d b e f o r e th e m a p l a tt e r o f
    .

    l ipoa limu c ho i c e s e a w ee d a n d li tt l e s tr i p e d ma in i fi s h s t il l a li v e
    ,
    -
    , n ,
    .

    K a ili la u o k ek oa w a s grea t l y s u rpr i s ed to see the l i v e fi s h a n d s a i d to he r


    — - —
    ,

    n u r se ,We li v e n ea r the s e a yet w e e v e r h a v e l i v e fi s h T h i s p l a c e is


    “
    n .

    fa r fro m the s ea Ho w i s i t th a t the fi s h a r e s t ill a l i v e ?


    ”
    .

    H er ho s t e s s a n s w e r e d he r b y sa y i n g th a t s he a d he r b ro th e r ha d n

    a fi s h p o n d n ea r th e i r h o u s e .

    Aft e r the m ea l w a s fi n i s h e d K a ili la u O k ek o a w en t in s e a rc h o f the - - —

    fl u t e th a t ha d c a ll e d he r a w a y fr o m h o m e S he c a m e to the ro o m o f .

    K a ua k a h i a li i a n d fo u n d the fl ut e h i dd e n i hi s b r e a st At o c e a gr ea t
    - -
    n . n

    l o v e for th i s c h i e f fi ll ed the h ea rt O f the g i r l a n d s he fo rgo t he r fo n d ,

    p a r en t s a n d s t aye d w i th him .

    Wh en the p a r en t s O f K a ili la u O k ek oa f o u n d th a t th e i r d a u ght e r w a s


    - — -

    gon e th ey b ega n to sea rc h fo r he r At l a s t th ey c a m e to the h ou s e w h e r e


    ,
    .

    s h e w a s l i v i g w i th the y o u n g c h i e f
    n a n d c a rr i e d th em b o th to K a p a a , .

    T h e re th ey t i ed the c h i e f to a po s t in a h o us e .

    The fir s t d a y he w a s g i v en n o th i n g to e a t O n the s ec o n d d a y a b o y .

    p a s se d b y a n d see i n g the pr i s o e r a s k e d i f he ha d b een g i v e n a n y foo d


    , ,
    n ,

    o r w a ter Wh en he h ea rd th a t he ha d r ecei v e d n on e he r et u rn ed to his


    .
    ,

    p a r en t s a n d m a d e k n o w n to th em the c h i e f s co n d i t i o n T h ey o r d e r ed ’
    .

    th e i r so n to pu t w a t e r in a c ocon u t s h ell a n d to get a n oth e r o n e fo r fo od , ,


    B er n i ce P . B is hop M us e u n z — B u lle tin

    so th a t he co u l d thro w th e m to the pr i so n e r . Wi th th es e he r
    c aw e l d
    thro u gh the r us h es so th a t n o one wo u l d s ee him .

    The bo y c a rr i e d p a re t s i n s tr uc t i on s on th a t d a y a n d on m a n y
    ’
    o ut his n ,

    f o llo w i g d ays The c h i e f b ega n to l oo k w e ll a ga i n


    n . .

    Wh en the fa th e r O f K a i li la u o k ek oa ha d r eco v e r ed fr o m his a n ge r he


    - - -

    c a ll e d hi s d a u g ht e r to h i m a n d a s k e d he r to e x p l a i n ho w s h e c a m e to b e

    in the m o u n t a i n s S he t o l d h i m th a t s he ha d h ea rd the fl u t e ca lli n g to


    .

    he r a n d ha d w a n t e d to m a k e o f the m a n w ho p l a ye d i t e i th e r a h u s b a n d o r
    ,

    a fr i e n d .

    H e r p a r en t s d ec i d e d to a ll o w the k ah u na to s ett l e the m a tt e r Wh en .

    th ey w e r e c a ll e d t o ge th e r a n d ha d h ea rd the s t o ry th ey a ll a gr eed th a t
    ,

    K a ili la u o k ek oa s h ou l d m a rry the c h i e f i f he co u l d g i v e his gen ea l ogy


    - - -
    .

    A s s oo n a s K a u a k a h i a ln w a s ca ll e d b e f o r e th e m h e pr o v e d th a t he w a s a
    -
    ,

    v e ry h i gh c h i e f a n d so the b ea u t i f u l c h i e fes s w a s g i v en to h i m in
    ,

    m a rr i a g e .

    The b oy w ho h a d c a rr i e d foo d a n d w a t e r to the c h i e f in pr i s o n b eca m e


    h is gr ea t fr i en d a n d w a s m a d e lu n a o r h ea d m a n o v e r a ll his l a n d s
    ,
    -
    , .
    B e r n ic e
    -

    P . B is hop M us e u m —
    B u lletin

    P UU K A MO O -

    n ow L I Z A RDS CA M E TO M OLO KA I
    In on e v a l l eys o f M o l o k a i li v e d the m o st be a u t i f u l w o m a n o f
    of the

    the i s l a n d I t h a pp en e d th a t e v e r y n i ght s he w a s v i s i t ed b y a m a n w ho
    .

    a l w a y s l e ft b e f o r e d a y li ght so th a t s he w a s n ot a bl e to d i sc o v e r w ho he

    w as . T h i s s u s p en se b eg a n to t ell o n he r a n d s he s l o w l y w a s t ed a w a y .

    I n th e i r a n x i e t y her p a r e n t s s u m m on e d a k a h na to s ee i f h e c o u l d u

    t e ll the c a u s e o f th e i r d a u ght e r s i ll h ea l th He m a d e k no w n the g i r l s


    ’
    .
    ’

    s ec r e t a n d s a i d th a t d u r i n g the d a
    y th i s n i ght l y v i s i t o r w a s a m o o o r
    -
    ,

    m o n s t e r li z a rd ; o n l y a t n i ght c o u l d he t a k e a h u m a n fo rm .

    The k a h n a a rr a n g ed th i s p l a n to d es tro y the g i r l s t o r m en t o r He w a s


    ’
    u .

    to h i d e in the h o u s e w h e r e the g i r l s l ept The g i r l w a s to k ee p h er v i s i t o r


    .

    a w a k e a s l o n g a s p o s s ibl e s o th a t w h e n h e s l e pt he w ou l d s l ee p s o u n d l y
    ,
    .

    T h e n w h e n d e e p s l eep h e l d him the k a hu n a w o u l d tie w h i t e t a p a r a g s to


    his b ac k At d a yl i ght the m a n w ou l d b e t u r n e d i t o a m o O a n d c r a w l off
    . n —
    , ,

    th rou gh the b u s h es l ea v i n g his tra il m a rk e d b y w h i t e t a p a r a g s


    , .

    T h i s p l a n w a s c a rr i e d ou t The k a hu n a a d h is m e n fo ll ow e d the
    . n

    t r a i l o f the mo o u n t il th ey ca m e to a r oc ky h ill s t i l l k n o w n a s Pu u k a
    -

    M o— o 6 .

    Th ere rr o u n d ed b y s t o n es th ey sa w the m on s t e r l y i n g in the s u n f a s t


    ,
    su ,

    a s l e ep A ll the p eop l e w e r e o r d e r ed to c oll ec t w oo d T h i s w a s p l a c e d


    .
    .

    a r ou n d the m o o a n d se t a f i r e
    -
    A s the h ea t o f the fi r e b u r n e d the
    .

    b o d y o f the m o o i t b u r s t Op e n a n d m y r i a d s o f m a l l m o O w e r e th r o w n
    -
    ,
    s -

    o u t a n d r a n a w a y a mo n g the b u s h es .

    T h u s w a s the b ea t i f u l g i r l s a v e d fr o m he r n i ght l y v i s i to r a d th u s
    u ,
    n

    w e r e the l i tt l e w o r m l i k e li z a rd s i n tr od u c ed i n t o the i s l a n d s
    — The h ill is .

    s t ill k n o w n a s P u u k a M O O the H i ll o f the M o s t e r L i z a rd n


    - - - - -
    .
    ,

    P
    ‘
    k M
    uu i i t t d b t mil
    a O- o s s dua eq rt r rt hw t f M G rg
    a ou a e an a ua e no es o r . eo e

    C k hm K l w i
    oo
    ’
    e s o e, au u a .
    Ric e— H az aa iia n L egen d s 11 l

    M A NO NI H O K A H I -

    A L EG E N D OF O A HU
    Nea r the wa t e r h o l e in M a l a e k a h a a b e t w een La i e a n d K a h u k u li v e d
    -
    n , ,

    a m a n c a ll e d M a n o n i h o k a h i
    -
    w ho w a s po s s es s e d o f the po w e r to t u r n
    -
    ,

    h i m se l f i n to a s h a rk M a n o n i h o k a h i a pp ea r ed a s o th e r m en e x c ept th a t he
    .
    - -

    a l w a y s w o r e a t a p a c l o th w h i c h co c ea l ed the s h a rk s mo u th in his b a c k
    ’
    n .

    Wh en e v e r he s a w w ome n g o i n g to the s e a to fi sh o to get l iin he r


    -
    u

    wo u l d c a ll ou t ,A re y o u go i n g i n t o the s ea to fi s h ?
    Up o n h e a r i n g th a t th ey w e r e he wo u l d h a s t en in a ro u d a bo u t w ay to
    ,
    n

    r ea c h the sea w h e r e he w o u l d c ome u po n th em a n d bi t i n g th em w i th his


    , ,

    on e s h a rk s t o oth k ill th em
    ’
    .
    ,

    T h i s h a pp en e d m a n y t i m es M a n y w o m en w e r e k ill ed b y M a n o n i h o
    .
    -

    k a h i At l a s t the c h i e f of the r eg i on b ec a m e a l a rm ed a n d o rd e r ed a ll the


    .

    p eop l e to ga th e r t ogeth e r on the p l a i n S t a n d i n g w i t h his ka hu n a the c h i e f


    .
    ,

    c o m m a n d e d a ll th e p eo p l e to d i s ro b e A ll o be ye d b u t M a n o n i h o k a h i —
    -
    .
    ,

    S h a rk w i th On e To o th
    - -
    SO his t a p a w a s dr a gge d O ff a n d th e r e o n h is
    .

    b a c k w a s s een the s h a rk s mo th He w a s put to d ea th a t o n ce a n d th e r e


    ’
    n .

    w e r e n o m o r e d ea th s a m on g the w om en .
    B e r n ice P . B is hop M us e un z —
    B u lle tin

    LA NI LO A TH E M O O ,

    A LE G E ND OF O A HU
    La n iloa is the n a me g i v en to a p oi n t o f l a d w h i c h e xt en d s i n t o the
    n

    o c ea n fro m La i e I n a
    . n c i en t t i m e s th i s p o i n t w a s a m o o s t a n d i n g u pr i ght
    -
    , ,

    r ea d y to k il l the p a s s e r by .

    Aft e r K a n a a n d h is b r oth e r ha d re c ue d th e i r mo th e r fr o m M ol o k a i
    s

    a d ha d t a k e n he r b ac k to H a w a i i
    n K a n a s e t o ut o n a j o u r n ey a rou n d the
    ,

    i s l a n d s to k i ll a l l the 111 0 0 I n d ue t i m e he r ea c h ed La i e w h e r e the


    -
    .
    ,

    mo o w a s k il li n g m a n y p eo p l e
    -
    K a a ha d no d ifli c u lty i n d estro y i n g th i s
    . n

    m o n st e r T a k i n g its h e a d he c u t i t i n t o fi v e p i ec es a n d thr ew th em i n t o
    .
    ,

    th e s ea w h e r e th ey c a n b e s e en t o d a y a s the fi v e s m a ll i s l a n d s l y i n g o ff
    ,

    M a l a e k a h a n a : M a lu a la i K e a u a k a lu a p a a a P u lem ok u Mok ua a n iw a a n d
    -
    , , .

    K ihe w a mok u .

    At the s pot w h e r e K a n a s ev e r e d the h ea d o f the mo -


    o is a d ee p h o l e
    w h i c h e v e n to th i s d a y ha s n e v e r b ee n f a th o m e d .
    1 14 B e r n ic e P . B is hop M us e u n i — B u lletin

    I ca me
    k ill yo u r fa th e r b y the o r d e r s o f Ki n g K a m eh a meh a
    to ,

    a n s w e r e d the Ki n g s m a n D ec i d i n g i t w ou l d pr ofit th em no th i n g to k il l
    ’
    .

    th e s o n the s o l d i e r s d e p a rt ed fo r H a n a p e p e b y the n i a k a i s i d e o f the h ill


    , ,

    a nd f a il e d to m eet Ma n u w a hi w ho ha d re t u r n e d to his h ome b y the ,

    ma nk a s i d e .

    The n e x t m o r i n g the Ki n g s b o d y g ua rd a ga i n s u rro u n d e d w i th his


    ’
    n -

    so l d i e r s the h o m e o f the k a hu na Ma n u w a hi ca m e o u t a n d a s k e d Wh a t .
    ,
    “

    a r e y o u h e r e fo r ? D i d yo u c ome fo r b a tt l e ?
    “
    Y es a n s w e r e d the f ea r l e ss s o l d i e r
    , We ca m e to k ill you ,
    “
    .

    Wh e re u p on Ma n u w a hi c a ll e d to his a s s i s t a nc e a ll the ak ua fro m the


    No rth S ou th Ea s t a n d We s t a s w e l l a s th o s e fr om a bo v e a n d b e l o w
    , ,
    .

    T h ey c a m e a t on c e a n d g a v e b a tt l e to the s ol d i e r s o f the k i n g The a k ua .

    fo u ght by bi t i n g a n d sc ra t c h i n g th ei r a s sa il a t s a n d b e fo re l o n g th ey ha d n

    k ill ed a ll b ut Ka h a l a iu — —
    .

    K a h a l a iu c r i e d ou t
    - -
    S p a r e m y li f e k a h u n a o f the g od s a n d I w ill
    , , ,

    s t a y w i th yo u
    ”
    .

    Wh a t c a n you d o i f yo u s t ay w i th m e ? a s k e d M a n u w a hi ”
    .

    I w ill p l a n t a rea fo r yo u I c a m e fr o m H a w a ii w h e r e I l i v e d b y .
    ,

    p l a n t i n g a w a a n s w e r e d K a h a l a iu
    ,
    ” - -
    .

    B u t M a n u w a hi sa i d I d o no t n ee d yo u G O b a c k a n d t e ll yo u r k i n g
    “
    .
    ,

    th a t e v en his b r a v es t s ol d i e r s w er e n ot a bl e to co n q u e r M a l a e k a h a n a —
    .

    T ell h i m th a t a l l b u t you w e re k i ll ed b y the a k ua th e r e .


    ”

    Wh en K a m eh a meh a ha d h ea r d th es e w o rd s he sen t Ka h a l a iu b a c k - -

    w i th a n oth e r b o d y o f so l d i e r s w i th o rd e r s th a t he m u s t co n q ue r M a l a e
    ka h a a n .

    I n the m ea n t i m e M a n u w a hi ha d m o v e d w i th h is so n s u p to the c a v e
    ,

    o f K a n k a n a l ea u w h e r e the n a t i v e s m a d e th e i r s t o n e a d z e s
    -
    , T h e r e the .

    Ki n g s so l d i e r s m et th em A s b e fo r e M a n u w a h i c a ll e d a ll the a k ua to his
    ’
    .
    ,

    a id. Aga i n the s ol d i e r s w e re q u i c k l y p u t to d ea th a d o n l y Ka h a l a iu n - -

    w a s l e ft So Ma l a e k a h a n a w a s no t c o n q u e r e d
    .
    -
    .

    K a h a l a iu r e s p ec t ed a n d a d m i r e d Ma n u w a hi s o m uc h th a t he w a s v e r y
    - —

    a n x i ou s to r e m a i n w i th him a n d so he a k e d a g a i n to b e a l l o w e d to r em a i n
    ,
    s

    a s a n are a gr o w e r Ma n u w a hi c o n s en t e d th i s t i m e a n d ga v e him o n e s i d e
    .

    o f th e v a ll ey to c u l t i v a t e i own n .

    O n e d a y a s K a h a l a iu w a s pr ep a r i n g the s i d e b ill fo r its c u l t i v a t i o n


    - -
    ,

    he n o t i ce d th a t on the o ppo s i t e s i d e o f the v a ll ey tr ees a n d b u s h es w e r e ,

    f a lli n g in e v e r y d i r ec t i o n a s i f a w h i r l w i n d w e r e u pro o t i n g th em T h i s
    , .

    fr i ght en e d him v e ry m uc h a s he c o u l d no t u n d e r s t a n d the ph e no men o n so


    , ,

    he r a n i n gr e a t h a s t e to Ma n u w a hi a n d a s k e d w h a t i t m ea n t M a n u w a hi , .

    t ol d him th a t his a k a w er e h e l p i n g in the c l ea r i g o f the s i d e hill a n d


    u n ,
    R i c e— H a w a iia n L egen d s 11 5

    th a t i f he w i s h e d th e m to h el p him th ey w o u l d g l a d l y d o so Ka h a l a iu
    , .
    - —

    w a s on l y too h a pp y to h a v e h e l p s o he c a ll e d u p o n the a k ua a n d in a
    , ,

    s h o rt t i m e b o th s i d es o f the v a ll ey w e r e c l e a r e d a d w e r e gro w i n g l u x u r
    ,
    n

    ia n tly w i th the m os t b e a u t i f u l ar ea .

    Aft e r the b a tt l e b e t w e en K a h a l a iu a d the a k u a fo r the p os ses s i o n


    ,
    - -
    n

    of Ma l a e k a h a n a M a n u k a F r i ght en e r o f B i rd s o n e o f M a n u w ahi s
    -
    ,
    -
    ,
    - -
    ,
    ’

    so n s, m o v e d to K a eo h e w h e r e he d i e d s o m e t i m e l a t e r
    n ,
    H e w a s b u r i ed
    .

    ma k ai o f the pr ese n t ro a d The n a t i v e s d u g a v e r y l a rge gr a v e b u t b e f o r e


    .
    ,

    th ey co u l d co v e r the bo d y the a k u a b r o u ght r e d d i rt from Ew a in a


    , ,

    c lo u d ,w h i c h fi ll e d the gr a v e a n d m a d e a r ed h ill a b o v e i t w h i c h ca n b e
    , ,

    s ee n to th i s d a y . T h e r e is no o th e r r ed d i rt in th a t d i s tr i c t .
    1 16 B ern ic e P . B is hop M us e u m — B u lleti n

    M A K UA K AU M A NA

    A L EG EN D OF OA HU
    The s ort y of a ma n w ho w a s s w ll w
    a o ed by th e b ig
    fi s h, an d of t hi s ma n
    ’
    s god s , K ane and Ka n a l o a .

    Ma k ua k a u m a n a f a rm e r p l a n t i n g a re a b a n a n a s a d s uga r c an e
    wa s a , , ,
    n

    fo r h is go d s a n d t a ro a n d s w ee t p o t a t o es fo r h i m se l f a n d his fr i en d s
    , He .

    a n d his w i f e li v e d a t K a u l ua n u i in the d i s tr i c t o f K oo l a u o n O a h u T h ey , .

    ha d o n e c h il d a b o y a n d w h en th i s b o y w a s t w el v e yea r s Ol d h is m o th e r
    , ,

    d i ed .

    Aft e r the d ea th o f his w i f e Ma k u a k a u m a n a w e t a l o n e to his f a r m in ,


    n

    th e m o u n t a i n s l e a v i n g his so n in c h a rge o f his h o u s e


    , Wh e e v e r M a k u a . n

    a te o r s l e pt o r w o rk e d
    , he pr a ye d to h is g o d s K a n e a n d K a n a lo a b u t he
    , , , ,

    d i d n o t k o w ex a c t l y ho w to en d his pra ye r s fo r he a l w a y s o m i tt e d the


    n ,

    w o rd s a ma m a u a n oa
    ’
    7
    .

    The go d s ha d n o t i ce d M a k u a s s tr i c t O b s e r v a n c e o f pr a ye r a n d so th e y
    ’

    ha d d ec i d e d to t a k e h im to li v e w i th th em o n U lu k oa the l a d th a t w a s ,
    n

    h i dd en fr om the s i ght o f ma n a n d c a ll e d the I s l a n d H i d d en b y K a n e The ,


    — - -
    .

    p eo p l e w ho li v ed o n th i s i s l a n d w e r e the d i rec t d es cen d a n t s o f K a n e .

    T h ey w e re O K a n e Ka n a lo a K a n e O f the Wa t e r o f Li f e K a e o f T h u
    '

    - —
    -
    , ,
    - - -
    ,
    n - -
    n

    d er , K a n e th a t B rea k s the Hea v en K an e o f the Roc k s K a e o f the Ro ll


    - - — -
    ,
    — — -
    ,
    n - - -

    in g T h u n d e r
    -
    K a n e o f the Ro u gh C a v e K a n e o f the Wh i t e C a v e K a ne
    ,
    - - — -
    ,
    - - - -
    ,

    th a t S l eep s in the Roa d K a n e th a t S l ee p s in the Wa t e r K a e th a t S h a k es


    - - - -
    ,
    - - - - -
    ,
    n — -

    th e Ea rth K a n e o f the Li ght K a n e in the Br e a k O f Da y K a n e in th e Tw i


    —
    ,
    - - -
    ,
    — - - - -
    ,
    - - —

    li ght K a n e in the Wh i r l w i d K a n e in the S u n K a n e in the P ra y e r s K a n e


    ,
    - - -
    n ,
    - - -
    ,
    - - -
    ,

    the S k i l f u l
    -
    K a n e th e J u m p e r K a n e the B ra v e O n e K a n e Who Hid the
    ,
    — -
    ,
    - - -
    ,
    — - —

    I sl an d K a n e the Wa t c h m a
    ,
    K a n e th a t Ra n o u the C li ff a n d K a n e the
    — -
    n, - - - - -
    ,
    -

    Eye b a ll -
    o f- the - Sun .

    Ea c h th ese go d s ha d his o w n t a sk s to p e rfo rm a s i n d i c a t ed b y h is


    of

    n a me T h es e g o d s l i v ed in bo d i es o f men o n the b ea ut i fu l l an d o f
    .

    Ul u k o a T h e r e a ll foo d gre w w i th ou t c u l t i v a t i on T h e r e e v e ryo n e w a s


    . .

    h a pp y T h e r e n o w ee p i g n o w a il i g no p a i n no s i c k n es s n o d ea th wa s
    . n ,
    n , , ,

    k n o w n T h e r e the i n h a bi t a n t s li v ed f o r ev e r a n d w h e n th ey be ca me v e r y
    .

    o ld , th e i r b o d i es w e re c h a n ged i to s p i r i t b od i es w i th ou t t a st i n g o f d ea th n ,

    a d t he
    n th ey b ec om e go d s a d l i v ed in the c l o u d s F ro m th e i r h om e in
    n n .

    the c l o u d s th e i r s p i r i t s co u l d co m e to e a rth in m e n s b o d i e s o r in s p i r i t
    ’

    bo d i e s a s th ey pre fe rr ed .

    Th p r y r i fi i h d fr d T hi i l m t q iv l t
    ’“ ” “
    Am m a a ua n oa , e a e s n s e ,
    or ee . s s a os e u a en

    to Am b t it en ,
    ”
    t d t y C h r i ti
    u i fl
    s u se an e a es an s an n u e n ce .
    1 18 B er ni ce P . B is hop M us e u m— B u lle tin

    Y es . sa i d Ma k ua
    pr aye r is s h o rt No on e h a s t a ught me how
    , my .

    to p r a y s o th a t I ca n m a k e a l o n ge r p r a ye r
    , B u t I th i n k m y go d s a c ce pt .

    m y pr a ye r s I f th ey d o n o t acce pt th em b ec a u se th ey a r e s h o rt th a t is n o
    .
    ,

    e x c us e fo r m e to cea s e pr a y i n g As l o n g a s I li v e I s h a ll pr a y to m y .

    go d s I a m n o w h a l f w a y th ro ugh my li fe a n d I h a v e pr ayed a t a ll
    .
    ,

    t i m es S h o ul d I s t o p n o w a ll m y pr a ye r s w o u l d b e l o s t a n d I s h ou l d
    .
    , ,

    r ec e i v e n o bl e s s i n g fro m my g od s .
    ”

    “
    Wh a t bl e s s i n g d o you e x p ec t to r ec e i v e fro m yo u r go d s for you r
    d e v o t i o n ? a s k e d the s t r a n g e r s
    ”
    .

    I s h a ll h a v e e o u gh to e a t A ll th i n g s w ill gr ow w e ll on my f a rm
    “
    n .

    w i th o u t to o m u c h h a rd w o rk A ll th a t I p l a n t w ill b ea r a b u n d a n t l y for
    .

    m y go d s a n d th ey i t u r n w ill gr a n t m e l o n g l i f e s a i d M a k ua
    ”
    ,
    n , .

    “
    T h e n w hy d id yo u r w i fe d ie i f the g o d s h a v e p ow e r to gr a n t l on g ,

    l i fe ? p e r s i s t e d the s tr a n ge r s .

    Hea r i n g th i s q u e s t i o n M a k u a h u n g his h ea d a n d t ea r s d r o pp e d fr om
    ,

    his eye s a s he a n s w e r e d B ec a us e my w i fe d i ed on e c a n no t s ay th a t the


    “
    , ,

    go d s h a v e n o p o w e r to gr a t l on g li fe A ll men m u s t go b y the s a me n .

    p a th a ll fro m the o ld m a n to the c h il d th a t c a n n o t e v en c r ee p


    , .

    Wh en the s t r a n ge r s h ea rd th i s a n s w e r th ey s a i d Y ou w ill n ot b e , ,

    d i sa pp o i n t e d in th e bl es s i n g yo u h o p e to r ec e i v e fr om you r g o d s fo r w e ,

    s e e th a t y o u h a v e gr ea t f a i th No w p r e p a r e b a n a n a a rea a n d s u g a r c a n e
    .
    ,

    fo r u s B e fo re w e ea t pr ay to yo u r go d s so th a t w e m a y h ea r you r
    .
    ,

    pr a ye r a n d c om m i t i t to m em o ry a n d so l ea r n to w o r s h i p yo u r go d s , .

    Ma k ua w a s fi ll ed w i th jo y to th i n k th a t th es e m e n w a t e d to w o r s h i p n

    h is g o d s S o he q u i c k l y pr e p a r e d the fo d a n d a s he p l a c ed i t b e f o r e
    . o ,

    th em he pr aye d th u s
    ,

    0 K d K l a n e an a n a oa ,

    I m t i g w i t h my tr g r a ea n s an e s

    Th b d th g r e a n a na an e su a ca n e .

    A s the me n a te Ma k u a a s k e d th em w h a t th ey th ou g h t o f his p r a ye r
    .
    .

    T h ey r e p l e d T h e r e is n o th i g a m i s s in yo u r p ra ye r fo r w e k n ow
    ,
    “
    n ,

    y o u r gr ea t f a i th a n d yo u r g oo d w o rk s We b el i e v e yo u r go d s w ill a ppro v e .

    o f yo u r pr a y e r a s w e d o Wh a t w o u l d b e ga i n e d b y o u r c h a n g i n g the
    .

    "
    l a n g u a ge o f yo u r pr a ye r ?

    The s t r a g e r s s a i d th a t th ey m s t d ep a rt
    n O n e p r esen t ed M a k u a w i th u .

    a s t a ff s a y i n g T h i s s t a ff I r ec ei v e d fro m m y a n c es t o r s I t is a grea t
    “
    .
    , ,

    h el p in the c u l t i v a t i o n o f l a n d D i g a h o l e w i th i t a n d p l a ce a p l a n t in the
    .

    h o l e a n d i t w ill gro w v e ry f a s t A po t a t o w ill gro w so l a rge th a t n o o n e .

    w ill b e a bl e to c a rr y i t
    ”
    .

    The o th e r s tr a g e r s a i d H e r e is m y pr e s en t to yo u
    n ,
    T h i s s t a ff is a n ,

    h e i r l oom fr o m m y a n c es t o r s I ts gr ea t pr o p e rt y is to c a rr y l o a d s l es s en
    .
    ,
    Ric e— H a t tra iia n L egen d s 119

    in g th e i r w e i ght Y ou ca n c a rry w i th i t m a n y r o w s o f po t a to e s w i th o u t
    .

    fee li n g th e i r w e i ght in the l ea s t B u t I w a r n yo u th a t w h en yo u go to the .

    s ea to b a th e yo u s h o u l d t e ll yo u r s o n the u s e s a n d v a l u es o f th e s e s t a f
    ,
    fs ,

    s o th a t w h e yo u a r e a b s en t he w ill c a r e fo r th e m a n d th en you r go d s w ill


    n ,

    n e v e r l a c k fo r f o o d Y o u r s o n w i ll n e v e r gro w t i re d a t w o rk a d w ill
    .
    n

    n e v e r b e h u n gr y
    ”
    .

    M a k u a s ee m e d v e r y d o u b t f u l a b o u t the tr u th o f th es e w on d e rf u l w o rd s .

    He sa i d Y o u s eem to h a v e the bo d i es o f m en
    ,
    “
    Wh e r e h a v e yo u .

    r ece i ve d the p ow e r to en d o w th e se s t a ff s w i th the s u p e r n a t u ra l p o w e r s


    y o u s a y th e y p o s ses s ? ”

    O n e m a n r e p li ed Y o u a r e r i ght We h a v e o p o w e r The p o w e r
    ,
    “
    . n .

    c a m e fr o m o u r a n c e s t o r s No w to d i s p e l yo u r do u b t s a b o u t the pr o p e rt i es
    .

    o f the s t a f f s go a n d w i th the d i gg i n g s t i c k d i g u p a ll the a w a in the


    , , ,

    fi el d s in fr on t o f yo u I n to eac h h o l e thro w a s l i p o f a u a .
    r .

    M a k ua q u i c k l y d id a s he w a s t o l d The a w a ca m e fr o m its ho l e a s .

    tho ugh i t w e re thro w n fr om the gro u n d M a k u a co u l d f ee l n o r es i s t a n c e .

    a s he d u g H e k e pt o n d i gg i n g a n d p l a n t i n g u n t i l h a l f o f the fi e l d w a s
    .

    fi n i s h ed a n d he f e l t n o w ea r i n es s .

    T h en M a k ua b e ga n to w o d e r ho w he c o u l d ca rry so ma n y b u n d l e s o f
    n

    a wa ,
    fo r on e b u n d l e w a s a ll he ha d b ee n a bl e to li ft He d ec i d e d th a t i t .

    w o u l d t a k e f o u r h u n dr ed p eo p l e to c a rr y a ll he ha d d u g w i th th i s w o n d e r
    fu l s t a ff .

    B u t the s tr a n g e r u rg e d h im to k ee p o n s a y i n g H o w w ill y o u k no w , ,

    the v a l u e o f the s t i c k ? K eep o n u n t i l you h a v e d ug u p the w h o l e fi e l d o r


    I s ha ll t a k e the s t a ff fr o m y ou a n d yo u w ill o n l y h a v e b e en h e l p e d in the
    p l a n t i g o f the a w a
    n .

    S o M a k ua fi n i s h e d the w h o l e fi e l d T h en the s tra n g e r s p u ll e d o ff fro m.

    the f e c e m u c h k ow a li o r co n v o l v u l u s p l a n t a n d to l d M a k u a to thr o w
    n -

    i t o v e r the a w a M a k u a d id a s he w a s to l d thro w i n g the v i e o v e r the


    .
    ,
    n

    a w a r oo t a n d w h e he ha d r ea c h e d the o th e r s i d e o f the fi e l d he o t i c e d
    n n

    th a t the v i n e ha d gr o w n ov e r the a u a a n d ha d ga th e re d i t a ll i n t o tw o bi g r

    p il es M a k ua w a s a m a z e d a t th i s a d a s he s t oo d l o ok i n g a t the p i l es
    . n

    a n d th i n k i g th a t the m en h a d d o n e the w o rk
    n o n e c a ll ed o u t to h i m , ,

    Co me a n d get m y l i ft i n g s t i c k a n d s ee i f m y g i ft is o f a n y v a l u e .

    M a k u a too k the s t a ff w i th gr a v e d o u b t s H e f el t i t c o u l d n ot li ft so .

    gre a t a b u rd e n B ut he p l a c e d the e d s o f the s t i c k in the p il e s o f a rea


    .
    n .

    A s he s tr a i ght en e d h i m s e l f to l i ft the l o a d he f e l t o n l y the w e i ght o f the ,

    s t a ff ,
    —
    o n e o f th e w e i ght o f th e a re a
    n T h en he b e g a n to w a l k t ow a rd .

    the s e a b u t his f e e t h a rd l y t o uc h e d the e a rth a d h e f e l t a l mos t a s i f he


    ,
    n

    w ere fl y i n g So he l o s t s i ght o f his g u e s t s a d in a v e r y s h o rt t i m e he


    . n
    120 B er n ice P . B is hop M us e n rn —
    B ulle tin
    f ou n d th a t he w a s n ea r his h om e b y the s ea As b e l o w e r ed his b u n d l e .

    to the gr o u n d he sa w a g a i n h is tw o fr i en d s w ho a s k ed w h a t h e th o u ght
    ,

    o f th e i r g i ft s .

    M a k u a re p li ed T h e se s t a ff s w ill b e m y p a r en t s I c a m e h ere a s a
    , .

    bi r d fl i e s f ee li n g n o w e i ght a n d w i th gr ea t s p eed Us u a ll y d a rk n es s f a ll s
    , .

    b e fo r e I r ea c h my h o m e No w i t is st ill d a y li ght I th a n k yo u a n d h a v e n o
    . .
    ,

    l o g e r a n y d o u b t s a s to th e i r u s e f u l n es s
    n .
    ”

    The m a n w ho ha d g i v e n M a k ua th e d i gg i n g s t i c k s a i d Y o u w ill n o t ,

    e e the r ea l v a l u e o f m y g i ft u t il t o m o rro w w h e n y o u r e t u r n to y ou r
    n

    f a rm I w a r n yo u to c a r e fo r th ese s t i c k s mo s t d ili gen t l y b ut d o n o t


    .
    ,

    i n j u re o th e r s thr o u gh th ei r p o w e r o r t a k e o th e r s pro p e rt y Y o u m u s t ’
    .

    o b s e rv e the l a w s o f th e s e s t i c k s I f y o u d o w ro n g w i th th e m th ey w ill l o s e
    .
    , .

    th e i r m a g i c p ro p e rt i e s a n d you w ill r e t u r n to you r l i fe o f h a rd l ab o r .

    B u t i f yo u d o a s I sa y th ese s t a ff s w ill r et a i n th ei r p o w e r a n d yo u m a y
    ,

    b e q u ea th th em to yo u r d e s c en d a n t s w ho in t u r n m us t c a re fo r th e m a n d d o
    o i n j u ry to th e m a n d th e
    y to o w ill r ece i v e a bl e ss i n g fr o m th em
    ”
    n .

    T h en the s t ra n g e r s s a i d th a t th ey m u s t d e p a rt b u t M a k u a u rg e d th em ,

    to t a rr y un t i l th ey h a d ea t en T h ey r ep li ed th a t th ey w o u l d s t a y l o n g e r
    .

    w h e n th ey c a m e a g a i n fo r th en he w ou l d h a v e th e m ea n s o f en t e rt a i i n g
    ,
    n

    s tr a n g e r s w i th ou t t r o u bl e S o s a y i n g th ey d i s a pp e a r e d b e h i n d th e h ou s e
    .
    , .

    Ma k u a fo ll o w ed h o p i n g to s e e in w h a t d i r ec t i on th ey w en t b u t th ey w e re
    , ,

    n o w h e r e to b e s een a n d he w o n d e r e d a b o u t th e i r s u p e r n a t u r a l d i s a pp ea r a n c e .

    No w th e s e s tr a n g e r s w e r e Ma k ua s g o d s K a e w h o ha d pr e s en t e d
    ’

    ,
    n ,

    the 0 0 o r d i gg i n g s t i c k a n d K a n a lo a w ho h a d p r es e n t e d the o a r o o r
    -
    , , , u h ,

    li ft i g s t i c k T h ey ha d c om e b eca u s e t h ey ha d n o t i c ed M a k u a s w ea r i n e s s
    n .
    ’

    a ft e r h is h a rd w o rk a n d a l s o b eca u s e th ey w a t e d to tr y h is f a i th a ft e r th e n ,

    d ea th o f his w i fe .

    C a l li n g his so n to h i m Ma k u a e xp l a i n ed the p o w e r o f the s t i c k s a n d the


    ,

    c a r e w h i c h m u s t b e t a k en o f th em H e sa i d th a t o n the f o l l o w i n g d a y
    .

    th ey w ou l d go to the f a r m a n d the b oy sho u l d see ho w w e ll he cou l d


    ,

    u s e th e m Foo d e n o u gh fo r f o rt y m en to c a rry w o u l d b e pr e p a re d a n d the


    .

    b o y s h o u l d ca rr y i t w i th the m a g i c s t a ff T h i s p l ea s ed the b oy fo r he .
    ,

    tho u ght th a t men w o u l d w o d e r a t his gr ea t s tr en gth n .

    S O th ey a te th e i r e v e n i n g m ea l a n d r et i r e d to r es t M a k ua fi r s t o ff e r i n g ,

    pr a ye r s to his go d s At d ay b r ea k th ey h u rr i ed to the f a r m w h e re th ey
    .
    , ,

    w e r e a s t o i s h e d to se e th a t in e a c h h o l e w h e r e the a z oa ha d b ee n p l a n t e d the
    n r

    p r ev i o u s d a y thr e e bi g b u n c h es w e r e gro w i n g .

    T h en M a k u a r ea l iz ed fo r th e fi r s t t i m e th a t h is v i s i t o r s w e r e n ot m en
    a n d he c r i e d o u t The m e n w ho c a m e w e r e n o t str a n g e r s T h ey m u s t
    “
    .
    ,

    h a v e b een my go d s NO m a n w o u l d h a v e ha d p o w e r to d o th es e th i n gs
    . .

    The s tr a n g e r s a r e n o n e o th e r th a n m y g o d s !
    ”
    122 B e r n ic e P . B i s h op M ns e n uz -
    —
    B u lleti n

    Y ou giv e l i fe to me .

    Do n ot s ho rt en t hi l i f
    s e .

    G r a n m e the t l i f w hi h
    e c d oes n ot w a ne ,
    An d Y o u s ha ll ha v e the k a pu .

    T h e n th ey ra k the thre e c u p s o f a rea a n d th ey a te the foo d w h i c h


    d n

    Ma k ua ha d p rep a re d a n d e xp l a i n ed th a t th e i r g o d s w e r e K a n e h u l i ho n u a - -
    ,

    th e G i v e r o f G r e a t La n d s ; K a n e p ua a the G o d o f S a c r ifi ces ; H i n a p u k u a i
    — — — — -
    ,
    - - - -
    ,

    who gr a n t ed s uffi c i en t foo d a n d H i n a p u k u ia w ho s u pp l i e d the f oo d


    ,
    - -
    ,

    from the s ea .

    Y o u m us t w o r s h i p yo u r go d s n o t o n l y b y pr a ye r b u t a l s o b y s ac r i
    “
    ,

    fi c es , th ey s a i d Wh en o ff e r i n g f ood a s k H i n a p u k u a i to c a rry i t to
    .
    “
    ,
    - -

    yo u r go d s K a n e a n d Ka n a lo a
    , I f you a re o ff e r i n g fi s h c a l l u p o n H i na
    .
    ,

    p u k u ia fo r to he r b e l on g s the p ow e r ov e r the fi sh
    —
    , .

    M a k u a w a s v e r y h a pp y to l ea r n fro m th es e o ld m en th a t he s h o u l d
    w o r s h i p his g o d s b y s a c r i fi c e s fo r he ha d n ot k n o w n th i s b e fo r e a n d the
    , ,

    k no w l e dge ga v e h i m n ew li fe .

    The me n t o l d h i m th a t th e r e w e r e m a n y m o r e u s e f u l th i n g s he s h o u l d
    a d d to his w o r s hip w h ic h th ey co u l d n ot t e a c h h im b u t so m eo n e m i ght ,

    c o m e in th e f u t u r e w ho c ou l d t eac h him m o r e .

    T h e n th ey p re p a red to d ep a rt a n d a s n i ght w a s a t h a n d M a k u a u rg e d ,

    th em to s t ay u n t il m o r n i n g b ut th ey s a i d th a t th ey m u s t h u rry o n to see
    ,

    the s tr a n g e fi s h w h i c h ha d c om e to l a n d M a k ua a s k e d i f th i s fi sh w a s .

    go od to ea t a n d th ey s a i d th ey d id no t k n ow a s th ey ha d n ot seen i t a n d ,

    ha d o l y h e a rd o f i t th ro u gh o th e r s
    n .

    S o th es e o ld m e n d e p a rt e d T h ey w e re v e ry h i gh go d s K a n e hu h
    .
    ,
    -

    h o n n a a n d K a n e p u a a a n d th ey ha d c ome to t ea c h M a k ua the pr o p e r w a y
    -
    ,

    to pr a y a n d to s ac r i fi c e T h ey a l so w i s h e d to i n t e res t M a k u a in the gr ea t
    .

    fish .

    Wh e n M a k u a k e the n e xt d a y he to l d his s o n to r em a i n a t h om e
    a wo ,

    w h il e he w e n t to K a h a n a to s ee the bi g fi s h he ha d h e a r d o f A s he .

    c a m e n e a r the fi s h h e s a w a gr e a t c r o w d a b o u t i t
    , T h ey a ll th o u ght i t .

    w a s dea d A m a n e xp l a i n ed th a t the st o n e pa li or c l i ff e x t e n d i n g to the


    .
    , ,

    s ea w a s the fi sh Wh en i t h a d co m e a sh o r e its t a il a n d its b a c k ha d b een


    .
    ,

    s een, b ut n o w i t w a s co v e r e d w i th s a n d a n d l o o k ed li k e a pa l i .

    W h il e M a k ua w a s l oo k i n g a t i t he h ea rd a gre a t n o i s e a n d s a w a grea t ,

    c r o w d o f m e n a n d w o m e n c o v e r e d w i th l e i s c o m i n g to s ee th e fi s h Wh e n .

    th ey r ea c h ed i t th ey c li mb e d u p o n its b a k a n d j u m p e d fr o m i t i n t o the
    ,
    c

    water T h ey ha d b ee n to see the fi s h b e fo r e a n d ha d n o w r et u r n e d to


    .

    d i v e from i t c o v e r ed w i th l e i s a s th e i r c u s t om w a s T h ey w e r e en j oy i n g
    ,
    .

    i t gr e a t l y a s the fi s h g a v e th em th e i r fi r s t o pp o rt u i t y to d i v e fo r up to
    ,
    n .

    th i s t i me th e r e ha d b e e o c li ff s o n th e i r s h o r e n n .
    Ric e— H a w a iia n L egen d s 123

    S ee i n g gr a n d t i m e his fr i en d s w e re h a v i n g M a k u a d ec i d ed to
    th e ,

    h u rry ho me to pr ep a r e h i m s e l f fo r d i v i n g .

    At h om e he fou n d his son l o ok i n g v e ry h a ppy b ec a u se he ha d b ee n

    to the f a r m a n d ha d f o u n d th a t e v e r yth i n g w h i c h h a d b e en p l a n t e d w i th

    the 0 0 s t i c k ha d gr o w n r a p i d l y a n d w a s r ea d y to b e h a rv e s t ed
    -
    The s u g a r .

    c a n e ha d gro w n s o h i gh i t ha d fa ll en o v e r a n d ha d gro w n u p a g a i n
    ,
    .

    Ma k u a t o l d h is so n n ot to b e s u rpr i s ed a t s u c h bl e ss i n g s fo r th ey ,

    w ou l d r ec e i v e th e m c o t i u a l l y i f th ey f o ll o w e d the go d s i n s tr u c t i o n s
    ’
    n n ,
    .

    T h e he e xp l a i n e d a ll the g o d s ha d t o l d him a bo u t the u se a n d c a r e O f the


    n

    s t ic ks . The b oy pro m i s e d to f o ll o w th ese i n s tr u c t i o n s a n d M a k ua w a s v e r y


    m u c h p l ea se d s a y i n g B l e s s i n g s w ill foll o w yo u m y s on Y o u w il l n ot d ie
    “
    .
    ,
    .
    , ,

    n o r y et gr o w o ld
    ”
    .

    Ma k u a w a s a x i ous to s ee fo r h i m s el f ho w the fa r m l oo k e d so he
    n ,

    fo rgo t fo r the t i me b e i n g a b o u t the fi s h a d w en t to the f a r m T h e r e ,


    n .

    s t a n d i n g b y his d oo r he s a w two v e r y s tr a ge a n d b e a u t i f u l m en
    ,
    n N0 o n e .

    in K o o l a u c o u l d eq ua l th em O n e h el d a ma lo pu a k a i the re d d ye d l o i n
    .
    - -
    ,
    —

    c l o th fo r s u rfi n g the o th e r a k i n a k a pa pa pa u th e th i c k b e d c o v e r i n g o f
    ’
    — —
    ,
    u -
    ,

    m a ny c ol o rs M a k ua ga v e th em his a l o h a yet he w a s fi ll e d w i th fea r


    .
    , ,

    fo r he tho u ght th a t th ey m u s t b e gr ea t c h i e f s fr o m the i s l a n d o f H a w a ii ,

    fo r th ey w o r e the c l oa k s o f b e a u t i f u l f e a th e r s fro m H a w a ii M a k u a f ea r ed .

    th a t he w ou l d m a k e m i s t a k es in th ei r pr es en c e The s tr a n ge r s s a w a ll th a t .

    w a s p a s s i n g in his m i n d .

    M a k u a ha d th ou ght th a t he w ou l d a l w a y s b e a bl e to r ec og n iz e his go d s ,

    h a v i g s ee th em on c e b u t he d id n o t k n o w th em n ow a n d to o k th em fo r
    n n ,

    c h i e fs .

    The m e n a s k e d fo r f oo d M a k ua to l d his s on to b r i n g the a w a H e


    . .

    q u i c k l y got i t fr om the p il e a n d pr ep a red t hree c u p s O f i t a s he w a s v e ry


    s k ill f u l H e a l so pr ep a r e d thr ee j o i n t s o f c a n e a n d thr e e b a n a n a s
    . .

    Wh en M a k u a sa w th es e th i n g s b e i n g pr e p a red w h i c h b elo n ge d to his


    go d s he c r i e d o u t D i d you pra y to o u r go d s ?
    , ,
    “ ”

    No I d id n ot a n s w e r e d the b o y b ec a u se I a m v e r y h u n gr y
    “ “
    , , , Not .

    s i n ce the d a y o f m y bi rth h a v e I so l o n g e d fo r foo d


    ”
    .

    A s a p u n i s h m en t fo r th i s c r i m e I m u s t p u t you to d ea th a n d s a c r i fi c e
    “
    ,

    yo u to m y go d s o r the p en a l t y w i ll f a l l o n me
    , s a d l y r ep li e d M a k u a , .

    He b e g a n to pr e p a r e a bi g fi r e for th e s a c r i fi c e M ea w h il e the . n ,

    s tr a n g e r s w e r e w a t c h i n g a n d g a v e th e b oy p o w e r to s p ea k .

    He a s k ed Will you k ill m e in th a t fi r e ?


    ,
    “ ”

    NO I s h a ll k ill yo u fir s t b y m ea n s o f a s t on e a d a d th e w h en yo u
    “
    , z ,
    n n

    a re d ea d I s h a ll thr ow yo u i n t o the fi re !
    ”
    ,
    124 B e r n ice P . B is hop M us e n nz f —
    B u lle ti n
    T h e b oy c r i ed th a l o u d v o i c e a d the s tr a n ge r w i th the k ui na
    o ut wi ,
    n

    k a pa ,
    w ho w a s K a n a lo a g a v e po w e r to him to r es i s t hi s f a th e r a n d he
    ,

    as k ed “
    In w h o se n a m e w i l l yo u k ill me a n d to w h o m w ill yo u sa c r i fi ce ,

    me
    M a k ua r e p l i ed , I s h a l l k ill you in the n a me of Hina -
    p uku -
    ia , and I
    s h a ll sac ri fice y ou to Kan e and K a n a loa .

    t d b e fo re his f a th e r s ay i n g A l o h a w il l yo u l ook a t m y
    The bo y s oo , , ,

    bo d y ? Wh a t p a rt O f i t is l i k e a fi s h o r li k e f ood th a t yo u s a c r i fi ce m e to . ,

    H i n a p u k u ia a d H i n a p u k u a i ? Ne i th e r ha s p o w e r o v e r the b o d y o f
    - —
    n - -

    ”
    ma n .

    T h e se rd s t r ou bl e d M a k ua fo r he k n ew th a t his son w a s r i ght a n d


    wo , ,

    th a t he s ho u l d n ot k ill him n o r thr o w him i t o the fi re in th e n a me o f the n

    Hina S o he d ec i d e d to d o i t w i th o u t c a lli n g o n th e m fo r he w a s a n gr y
    .
    ,

    th a t h is son ha d d i s o beye d h i m He t i e d the b oy w i th a ro p e . .

    The s tr a n ge r s s ee i n g the bo y t i e d g a v e him p o w e r to c a ll o u t so


    , . ,

    th a t his fa th e r w o u l d h a v e c om p a s s i o n o n him O Mo th e r ! I a m to b e ,
    “

    b u r n ed t o d a y in the fi r e a n d s h a ll go i n t o yo u r pr es en c e w i th a b od y
    ,

    b u r e d by fi r e Why d id n ot m y f a th e r k ill m e w h i l e I w a s y e t sm a ll ?
    n .

    H e ha s a ll o w e d me to gr o w u p a n d n o w w i s h es to s l a v m e O Mo th e r ! , .

    C om e a n d r es c ue m e I a m bo u n d u p I s h a ll b e k ill e d w i th a n a d z a n d
    . .
    ,

    s h a ll b e th r o w n i n to the fi r e I s h a ll d ie t o d a y . .

    T h e s e w o rd s ca u s ed M a k ua to w eep He c ou l d n o l o n g e r co n c ea l his .

    l o v e fo r his so n b ec au s e the b oy s pra ye r s ha d r ec a ll e d f on d m em o r i es ’


    .

    H e k i s s e d h is so n a n d s a i d A l a s my so n I c a n n o t r e f u se to d o w h a t I
    ,
    “
    , ,

    h a v e Pro m i sed the go d s in r et u r n fo r th e i r w on d e rf u l g i ft s .


    ”

    S O s a y i n g he p l a c e d the b oy o n the gr o u n d a n d t a k i n g his s t o e a d


    ,
    n z ,

    pr ay ed I a m f u l fi ll i g m y pro m i s e to yo u b y s a c r i fic i g my o n l y so n
    ,
    “
    n n .

    Rec e i v e th i s sa c r i fi c e a n d gr a n t m e in t u r n li f e w h i c h s h a ll n e v e r c e a s e
    ”
    .
    ,

    H a v i n g fi n i s h e d th i s pr a ye r M a k u a s t r uc k a t h i s so n w i th the a d z b u t , ,

    he c o u l d n o t s tr i k e him T h r e e t i m es he m i s s e d his a im the a d z fa lli n g


    .
    ,

    to the gro un d e a c h t i m e Fa i li g to k i ll the b oy M a k u a u n t i ed h i m a n d


    , . n ,

    h u r l ed his bo d y a g a i n s t a gr ea t s to n e T hr ee t i m e s h e d id th i s a n d e a c h .

    t i me the b oy w a s u n h a rm e d h a v i g n o m a rk ev e n u po n his b o d y A s the ,


    n .

    a gry f a th e r s e i z e d him the f o u rth t i m e K a n e c a ll ed o u t M a k u a s t o p ! “


    n , , ,

    Do ot t o uc h the bo y a g a i n
    n Y o u r go d s w ill p a r d o n yo u r s in T h e re
    . .

    i a la w a mo n g yo u r g od s th a t i f a m a n t r i es thr ee t i m es to k ee p his
    s

    pr o m i s e a n d f a il s the s i w ill n o l o ge r b e h e l d a g a i n st him B t i f he


    ,
    n n . u

    t r i es the fo u rth t i me th en the s in w ill b e h is o w n S o w e co mm a n d you


    . .

    to t a k e y u r c h i l d i n t o th e h o u s e a d b e fo r e w e e a t pr a y to y ou r go d s
    o n , .

    fo a b l e s s i n g o
    r t h i s foo d a n d th a n k th em fo r no t a ll o w i n g you to k il l
    n ,

    yo u r o n l y so n .
    126 B er n i c e P . B is hop M ns em n -
    —
    B u lleti n

    and p l a c ed the t a p a o v e r his s h o u l d e r s A s he k i s se d his so n f a r e w ell the


    .
    ,

    b o y b eg a n to w ee p s a y i n g I f e el th a t yo u w ill n o t c om e b a c k F ea r
    “
    , , .

    t a k e s ho l d o f me I fe a r th i s tr i p w ill s ep a r a t e u s S ome th i n g is a b ou t
    . .

    to b e f a ll yo u .

    The f a th e r r ea s s u r e d the b oy w i th th es e w o r d s F ea r n o t We a re n o t ,
    .

    m en w i th o u t g o d s Y ou h a v e s e e n w i th yo u r o w n eye s th a t ou r g o d s h a v e
    .

    v i s i t ed us H a v e th ey n ot g i v en u s g i ft s ? B e c h ee rf u l a n d a w a i t m y
    .

    r et u rn.

    The b o y d r i e d his t e a r s a n d p ut a w a y f e a r .

    M a k ua h u rr i e d to K a h a n a T h e r e the p eo p l e w e r e g a th e r ed a n d th ey
    .

    w e r e gr e a tl y s u rpr i s e d to s ee him w ea r i n g a ma lo a n d t a p a T h ey a s k ed .

    him i f he w e r e co l d H e r ep li e d th a t th e se w e r e g i ft s fro m his go d s w ho


    .

    ha d co m e to h is h o u s e a fe w d a y s b e f o r e S O the m e n a ll m a d e ma lo a n d
    .

    t a p a s fo r th em s e l v es a d fr om th a t d ay b ega n to w ea r th em
    n .

    T h en th ey a s k ed Ma k u a w hy he ha d co m e a n d he sa i d th a t he m i ght
    j u m p o ff the s t o n e pa li o f the fi s h i nto the s ea T h ey th ou ght he w ou l d .

    r u i n his b ea u t i f u l g i ft s in the w a t e r b ut M a k ua s a i d th a t he w o u l d s w i m
    ,

    w i th o u t th e m .

    T h en the p eo p l e a s k e d him to w a i t u n t i l the n e x t d a y s o th a t th ey c o u l d ,

    a ll j o i n h im .He co n s en t e d a n d r e s t e d a n d f ea s t e d th a t d a y .

    The n e x t d a y th ey a ll c l i m b e d a l on g the b a c k o f the fi s h a s th ey s u p


    po s ed it to b e d ea d Ma k u a s a w m a n y opihi o r m us se l s c l i n g i n g to the
    .
    , ,

    s t o n es o n the fi s h s b ac k He b ega n to b r e a k the opi hi o ff w i th a s t o n e


    ’
    . .

    He fo rg o t a b o u t h is p l a n to l ea p i n t o the w a t e r fr o m the fi sh He d id n ot .

    n o t i c e the o th e r s in the w a t e r S u d d e n l y he h e a rd his fr i en d s ca ll i n g


    .
    ,

    l o u d l y J u mp o ff a n d co m e h e r e The s t on es a r e fa lli n g fro m the pa li


    ,
    “
    . .
    ”

    M a k u a th e n s a w th a t the fi s h ha d m o v ed a w a y fro m the l a d s ev e r a l ~


    n

    fa tho m s Rea li z i n g his d a ge r he j u m p ed i n t o the sea to s w i m b a c k to


    . n ,

    the l a n d . T h en the p eo p l e on l a n d s a w a s t r a n ge s i ght the fi sh o p en e d —

    its m o u th a n d s w a l l o w e d Ma k u a A gr ea t w a il a ro s e M a k u a is d ea d !
    .
    ,

    Th e gr e a t fi s h ha s s w a ll o w e d h i m !
    The fi s h s w a m s tr a i ght fo r the o p e n s e a m a k i n g the fo a m fly W h en
    , .

    he r e ac h e d d ee p w a t e r h e d i v e d d o w n a n d w a s l o s t to the s i gh t o f the
    ,

    a n x i o us w a t c h e r s H e s w a m t o w a r d the l a n d o f K a n e h u n a m o k u the
    .
    - -
    ,

    h i dd en l a n d o f K a n e .

    A ll the p eo p l e b e li ev e d o f c o u r s e th a t M a k u a w a s d ea d T h ey c a r
    , , .

    r i ed th i s n ew s to his s o n w ho w a s c r a z ed w i th gr i e f He r a n d o w n to the .

    s ea s h o r e a n d h u n t e d o n eac h ro c k y p o i n t fo h is f a th e r s bo d y th i n k i n g
    ’
    r ,

    th a t the fi h m i ght h a v e ea t en o l y a p a rt o f i t O n o n e p o i n t he sa w a n
    s n .

    o bj ec t, b u t w h en he ha d r ea c h e d i t fou n d i t to b e o n l y a lo g , He c o n .

    t i n n ed to sea rc h u t il the s h a d o w s fr om the m ou n t a i n s w a r n ed him th a t


    n
    Ric e— H a w aiia n L egen d s 127

    d a rk n es s w a s n ea r T h en he w en t ho m e a n d f a lli n g e x h a ust e d b y the


    . ,

    d oo r s l ept u n t il l a t e the f o ll o w i n g a ft e r n oo n At l a s t a v o i c e a w a k ene d


    , .
    ,

    him ca lli n g Ar i s e s l eep i n g bo y I c a n g i v e yo u goo d n ew s a b o u t you r


    “
    , , , ,

    fa th e r .
    ”

    S i tt i n g up he w a s v e ry m uc h a s t o n i s h e d to s ee the h a n d so m e s tr a n g e r s
    ,

    w h o m his f a th e r ha d r ec en t l y e n t e rt a i n e d One sa i d Ar i s e f a th e r l es s “
    .
    , ,

    b oy . We c a m e to t ell you n ot to gr i e v e Y ou r fa th e r i s n ot d ea d a s the .

    p eop l e beli ev e He ha s been s w a ll o w e d b y the bi g fi sh a n d ha s b een c a rr i e d


    .

    to the b ea u t i fu l i s l a n d o f d e a th l es s p eo p l e w h e r e he ha s b e en thro w n u p ,

    on l a n d a n d w h e r e he ha s b een r ec e i v e d b y the i n h a bi t a n t s a n d w h e r e he
    ,

    w ill b e h a pp y
    ”
    .

    T h es e wo rd s li ght en ed the b oy s s a d n e s s b u t he a s k e d Wh e n w ill my


    ’

    , ,

    fa th e r r et u r n ? ”

    The s tr a n ge r r ep li ed We do n ot k n o w w h en b ut w e h a v e li v ed in
    , ,

    th a t l a n d a n d k n ow how f o rt u na t e a re th o s e w ho l i v e th e re T h e re m en .

    n e v e r d ie S o yo u s ho u l d r ej o i c e o v e r you r f a th e r s f a t e
    . We c a nn ot s ay ’
    .

    i f he w ill a l w a ys li v e th e r e for w e d ep a rt ed b e fo re he ha d ha d h is t r i a l s
    ,
    .

    If he r em a i n s s t ea d f a s t a n d d oe s n ot f a il in his t r i a l a n d d oe s n o t
    , ,

    v i o l a t e a n y o f the l a w s o f the l a n d he s h a l l r ema i n th e r e u n t i l the en d o f


    ,

    th e w o r l d B ut s h o u l d he f a il yo u w ill s ee him a g a i n fo r he w il l b e
    .
    , ,

    q u i c k l y s en t a w a y .
    ”

    The bo y a s k e d how fa r a w a y th a t w o n d e rf u l l a n d w a s ho w m a n y d a y s ,

    d i s t a n t fr om the s h o r e .

    The s t r a n ge r s r ep li e d I f the go d s p e r m i t the l a n d to b e m o v e d c l o s e


    ,

    to the ea rth i t t a k e s o n l y a n h ou r to r ea c h i t ; b u t i f th ey d o n o t y ou
    , ,

    ma y s a il the o ce a n u n t il you a re gr ey h a i r ed a n d you w ill n e v e r s ee i t


    ”
    -
    .
    ,

    Wh en the s tr a n g e r s a s k ed fo r a re a a n d foo d the b oy pr e p a re d i t fo r ,

    th em a n d b e fo r e he p l ac e d i t b e fo re th em he pra yed a s his f a th e r ha d ,

    t a ught him .

    Aft e r h a v i n g fi n i s h ed th e i r m ea l the s tr a n ge r s sa i d to the b o y We a re


    . ,

    l e a v i n g yo u n o w o u r yo u n g fr i en d L i v e w i th h o p e a s yo u pr a y to the
    , .

    po we rf u l go d s o f you r fa th e r K a n e a n d Ka n a lo a We w ill ca r e fo r yo u
    , .

    so w e ll th a t y o u s h a ll n o t m i s s yo u r f a th e r No o n e s h a ll h a r m yo u . .

    T h en th e i r b o d i es b ega n to gr ow t a ll e r a n d t a ll e r u n t il th e i r h ea d s w e r e
    h i dd en in the bl u e s ky a n d th e i r f eet s lo w l y d i sa pp ea r ed Peo p l e p a ss i n g .

    s a w th i s a n d th o u ght th a t th e gh os t s w e r e r e t u r n i n g to fr i ght e n the b o


    y ,

    b u t the b oy r e a li z e d th a t the s tr a n ge r s w e r e i n d ee d the go d s o f hi s


    fa th e r a n d he w a s fi ll ed w i th joy a n d n o l o n ge r s o rrow ed for h i m
    , .

    Wh en Ma k ua ha d b een s w a llo w e d b y the fi sh he ha d b ec o m e unco n ,

    sc i o u s . H e k n e w n o th i n g u n t i l he w a s thr o w n up on l a n d w h e r e he w a s
    met b y tw o men T h en the g o d s K an e h un a m ok u a n d K a n e h ul i ho n ua
    .
    - - - -
    128 B ern ice P . B is hop M u s eu m — B u lletin

    c a me to M a k ua , a nd t ba c k to co mf o rt his so n H is n e w
    the m en w en .

    fr i en d s t oo k h i m to th e i r ho m e w h e r e M a k ua sa w m a n y k i n d s of fr u i t s
    ,

    a n d v eg et a bl e s b a n a n a s a n d s u g a r ca n e o f grea t s iz e The t a r o grew


    , , .

    u n t il i t ha d no ey es He a l so s a w a b ea u t i f u l c l ea r l a k e in w h i c h s w a m
    .
    ,

    m a ny v a r i et i es o f fi sh B ut he s a w n o h ou ses a n d n o p eo p l e a n d so he
    .

    a s k e d w h e r e th e y w e r e The go d s t o l d h i m th a t the h o u s es w e r e i n l a n d
    .

    a n d he w a s n o t a l l o w e d to s ee a n yo n e u n t il he ha d b een tr i e d If he d i d .

    n o t f a i l in his tr i a l th en he w o u l d l i v e fo r e v e r a n d a t l a s t p a ss to a n oth e r
    ,

    w orl d .

    M a k u a w a s ea g e r to h ea r the l a w s o f the l a n d b u t his g u i d es t ol d h i m ,

    th a t i t w a s n o t a ll o w e d th em to e x p l a i n T h ey ha d the p o w e r to r e f u se .

    h im en tr a n c e a n d to h i d e the l a n d fr om the h ea v e n a b o v e a n d the e a rth


    ,

    b en ea th .

    T h en Ma k u a a s k e d S h o u l d I b r ea k the la w o f th i s l a n d thr ou gh
    ,

    i g n o r an c e wou l d I b e p u n i s h ed ?
    ,

    No the m en a n s w e r e d th a t w r on g w ill n ot c li n g to yo u b u t to
    “ “
    , , ,

    the on e w ho d i d n o t e x p l a i n the l a w s A s w e dr a w n ea r to the h o u s e s .


    ,

    o th e r s w i ll t a k e c h a rg e o f
    y ou a n d th ey w ill h a v e the p ow e r to e x p l a i n
    ,

    the l aw s .

    S oo n M a k ua w a s rpr i sed to s ee tw o b ea ut i f u l h ouses b e fo r e h i m


    su .

    Tw o m e n w ho l o o k e d ex a c t l y li k e h is g u i d es c a m e o u t a n d gr ee t ed h i m ,

    say i n g Y ou h a v e b ee n a ll ow e d to s et yo u r f oo t o n ou r l a n d Y o u s h a ll
    “
    , .

    h a v e on e o f th es e b ea u t i f u l h ou ses w h i c h yo u s ee Ev eryth i n g is for you . .

    Y o u w ill n ot h a v e to fi sh to b u il d to w o rk O n l y o n e th i n g i s f o r bi dd en
    , , .

    h e r e Y o u m u s t n ot w ee p n or w a il n o t ea r s m u s t f a ll from yo u r eyes
    .
    , ,

    yo u m u s t m a k e no n o i s e o f s o rr o w
    ”
    .

    M a k ua a s k e d w hy n o s o rro w s h ou l d b e th e r e H is g u i d es r e p l i e d Y o u .
    ,

    h a v e no l a b o r h e r e a n d s o the g od s w i ll b e a n gry i f you weep We .

    r e m em be r the pr aye r s yo u m a d e w h en yo u li v ed in the l a n d o f d ea th .

    M a k u a r ea li z e d th a t he w a s s p ea k i n g to go d s a n d he w a n t e d to k nee l
    b e fo re th em B u t b e fo re his k n ee s t o uc h e d the gro u n d he w a s t ol d to
    .
    ,

    r i s e in th ese w o rd s Y ou d o n ot need to pra y h e r e Y o u h a v e fi n i s h ed


    ,
    “
    .

    yo u r pr a y e r s o n ea rth H e r e is o n l y jo y T h a t is the r ew a rd o f the m a n


    . .

    w ho h a s b een f a i th f u l o n ea rth Y o u m u s t fir s t e n d u r e yo u r t r i a l s
    . T h en .

    i f yo u d o n o t fa il yo u w ill b e r ec ei v ed i n t o the fe ll o w s h i p o f the go d s


    ,
    .

    T h en the g u i d es l e ft M a k u a in c h a rg e o f the ne w m en T h ei r b od i es .

    b eg a n to gro w a n d gr ow u n t il th ey r ea c h ed the sk y a n d th ey s l ow l y
    d i sa pp ea r ed a n d Ma k ua h ea rd a vo i ce from a b ov e s ay i n g We s h a ll r e ,

    j o i c e to rece i v e you w h en you h a v e p a s s ed yo u r tr i a l s .


    ”
    13 0 B e r n ic e P . B is hop M us eum— B u lleti n
    The w o m a n r ep li ed T h en w e m u st b oth s w i m a c ros s the gr eat sea s o
    ,

    th a t yo u c a n ret u r n to l i v e w i th y ou r f a th e r .
    ”

    The b oy a n s w e r ed My f a th e r is d ea d A bi g fi s h s w a ll ow e d h i m
    “
    . .
    ,

    His mo th e r u rge d h i m to l ea v e w i th he r b e f o r e he w a s k ill ed by the


    g ua rd s a n d s he q u i c k l y led h i m o ut o f the h o use .

    M a k u a a s k ed his g u i d e i f he m i ght fo ll o w to s ee w h a t the w om a n w a s


    d o i n g w i th the b oy The g ua rd t o l d h i m he m i ght b eco me l o st a n d w h en
    .

    the t i m e ca m e fo r his tr i a l h is e x a m i n e r s w ou l d gr o w w ea r y l oo k i n g fo r
    ,

    h i m B u t Ma k ua p rom i se d no t to w a n d e r fa r off So he fo ll o w ed the


    . .

    wo m a n a n d b oy a n d s oo n r eco gn i z e d th e m a s his w i f e l on g s i n c e d ea d , ,

    a n d h is s on w h o m h e h a d l e ft sa f e at h o m e
    , Lo v e fo r th e m s u rge d u p in .

    his h ea rt . Tea r s c a m e to his eyes b u t r em em b e r i n g the la w o f the l a n d , ,

    he re fr a i n e d fr o m w ee p i n g H e th ou ght th a t the go d s ha d b r o u ght his


    .

    w i f e to l i f e a g a i n b ut he f ea r e d to S p e a k to he r th i n k i n g he m i ght w eep
    , , ,

    a n d s o he f o ll o w e d fa r b e h i n d th e m u n t il h e c a m e to the b ea c h w h e r e the

    bi g fi s h ha d th r ow n him u p on the sa n d .

    T h e r e he sa w his w i f e try i n g to f o r ce the bo y i n to the s ea to s w i m


    a c ro s s th e w a t e r to h is h o m e Not i c i n g th a t his w i f e d i d n o t s h ow a ffec
    .

    t i on fo r the b oy the f ath e r w a s a b ou t to i n t erf er e b ut he fea re d he w ou l d


    , ,

    b e r eco gn i z ed SO the bo y w a s f o r c ed i n t o the s e a a n d w h e n he r ea c h e d


    .
    ,

    the d eep w a t e r he c r i e d o u t O h Mo th e r th e s h a rk s w ill ea t m e


    “
    , , , , .

    I n s t a n t l y he w a s c a u ght b y a s h a rk w ho s w a ll o w ed a ll b ut his h ea d a n d
    , ,

    s w a m o ff w i th h im H is w i fe fo ll o w e d the b o y i n t o the w a t e r a n d s oo n
    .

    M a k u a s a w the bi g s u rf r o l l her o v e r a n d o v e r a n d h ea rd he r c r y o u t , ,

    Oh M a k u a m y b e l o v e d h u s b a n d yo u a r e w a t c h i n g me d ie
    “
    , ,
    I f I d ie
    , .
    ,

    yo u w il l n e v e r s ee m e a ga i n
    ”
    .

    M a k ua c ou l d en d u r e th i s ag o n y n o l o ng e r a n d a s the w a v e s c a rr i e d ,

    the b o d y o f h is b e l o v e d on e u p on the s a n d he li ft ed i t o n to d ry l a n d a n d ,

    b a th ed the f ace T ea r s roll ed d o w n his c h ee k s b u t he s t ill r e fra i n ed from


    .
    ,

    l o u d c r i es o f s o rro w a s he d i d n ot w a n t his g u i d e s to h ea r h i m Won d e r


    , .

    i n g w h a t to d o w i th the bo d y he w a s s u rpr i s e d to s ee th a t th e r e w a s s t ill


    ,

    li fe in i t S l o w l y his w i fe gre w s tron g a n d th r ow i n g her a rm a b ou t his


    .
    ,

    n ec k , s he w e pt bi tt e rl y Ma k u a th en r ea l i z ed th a t he ha d f a il e d in his
    .

    tr i a l a n d c ou l d n ot l i v e in th i s l a n d o f the g o d s so he led his w i fe ,


    -

    to w a rd the b ea u t i f u l h ou se .

    W h en th ey r eac h ed the s po t w h e re i t ha d b ee n th ey w e r e s u rpr i s ed to ,

    fi n d th a t i t ha d v a n i s h e d T h ey re s t e d u n d e r the b ra n c h e s o f a bi g t ree
    .

    a n d th e r e f e ll a s l eep So on a v o i c e c a ll i n g Ma k ua w h e re a r e yo u “
    .
    , ,

    a wa k e n e d h i m .

    M a k u a a t fir s t cou l d s ee n o o n e b u t he w a s a fr a i d b eca us e he ha d n ot ,

    b een s t ron g en ough in the t empt a t i on w h i c h ha d com e to h i m He k n ew .


    Rice
    —
    Ha w a iian Legen d s 13 1

    th a t m u s t r et u r n to ea rth a n d t ell his fr i en d s th e r e a b ou t the b ea u t i es


    he ,

    o f the h i dd en l a n d a n d the p ow e r O f the go d s A s M a k u a l oo k e d he sa w .


    ,

    th a t his w i fe ha d d i s a pp ea r ed a n d he a l so s a w e i ght men a ll e x ac t l y a li k e


    c o m i n g t o w a rd him a n d h e t o l d th em ho w his gr ea t l o v e fo r h is w i f e ha d
    ,

    m a d e him w eep w h en he s a w her in d a n ge r


    '

    O n e o f the m e n s a i d to him Hea r no w the s en t en c e w e s h a ll g i v e


    “
    ,

    yo u . B eca u se yo u h a v e b r o k en the l a w s o f th i s l a n d yo u m u s t b e sen t ,

    b a c k to the l a n d w h e r e men d ie W h en yo u a r e v e ry ol d d eath s h a ll


    .
    ,

    b e fa ll yo u Y o u r bo d y w il l b e d es t r oyed b u t you r s p i r i t w ill c om e to u s


    .
    , ,

    th o u gh you c a n n o t beco me a god Yo u r so n w ill b ec om e a go d a n d he


    .
    ,

    w il l r e sc u e y o u fr o m th o s e w ho k e e p yo u in b o n d a g e a n d w ill r e sc u e yo u r
    w i f e s s p i r i t too Y o u a n d yo u r w i f e w i l l l i v e a g a i n thro u gh the g oo d
    ’

    , .

    d ee d s o f you r s o n .

    S u d d e n l y a v e r y d a z z l i g li ght s h o n e
    n The e i ght m e d i s a pp ea r e d
    . n .

    Ma k u a s a w th a t the h ea v en s w e r e o p en a n d h e b eh e l d tw o b o d i es c l o th ed
    in li ght a n d a c c o mp a n i e d b y m a n y s p i r i t s a rr a ye d i g l o r i o u s r a i m en t b u t n ,

    "
    w i th s o rro w f u l co u n t en a nc e s The s p i r i t s s p ok e s a y i n g D u s t to d u s t “
    .
    , , ,

    a n d th en the d oo r s o f the h ea v en s c l o s e d .

    M a k u a rea liz ed th a t the p eop l e o f h ea v en we r e v e ry s a d bec a u s e he


    ha d n ot b een s tr on g e n o u gh to r es i s t h is w ea kn e s s .

    He h u rr i e d i n t o the b ea u t i f u l w oo d w h e r e he m et the m e n w h o m he
    ,

    ha d see n w h e n he ha d b e en thro w n u po n the sa n d T h e y a s k e d w h e r e he .

    w a s g o i g a n d M a ku a r ep l i ed th a t he d i d n o t k n ow a s th e r e w a s n o o n e
    n , ,

    to g u i d e him T h ey th en t o l d him to fo ll ow a ro a d w h i c h led to the s ea


    .

    w h e r e he w o u l d fi n d m a n y m en a n d w o m e n b a th i n g .

    So M a k u a w a l k e d on a n d he s a w th a t he w a s on a p o i n t o f l a n d r u n
    n i n g o u t i n t o th e s ea w h e r e p eo p l e w e r e b at h i n g A s he s t oo d th e r e he .
    ,

    h ea r d a v o i ce ca lli n g Do n ot s t an d o n the bi g fi sh o f yo u r god s Do vo u


    ,
    “
    .

    n o t s ee th a t yo u a r e s t a n d i n g o n th e s ca l e s o f the fi s h w h i c h b r o u ght you

    h e re ? ”

    T h en M a k u a fea r e d th a t h e w ou l d a g a i n be s w a ll o w e d b y the fi sh The .

    fi s h seem e d li k e a c a n o e l ea v i n g the b eac h w h e r e i t ha d b ee n t i e d As it .

    s p ed s w i ft l y fro m the l a n d the p eo p l e c a ll ed a lo h a The fi s h s w a m


    , .

    t o w a r d K oo l a u a n d M a k ua o v e r com e w i th s l eep la y d o w n a n d fe ll i n t o a
    , , ,

    d ee p s l eep Fo r thr ee d a ys a n d three n i ght s the fi s h c a rr i e d the s l eep i n g


    .

    m a n a n d th en s a f e l y l a n d e d him o n the s a d a t K oo l a u a n d w a i t e d n ea r n

    u n t il he w a s fo u n d b y a m a n w ho t hou ght him to b e a gh o s t a n d w ho


    , ,

    r a n q u i c k l y to t e ll his fr i en d s t h a t h e ha d s een M a k u a s gh os t
    ’
    .

    O th e r s h u rr i e d to the s p o t a n d h ea r d his d e ep b r ea th i n g A s th e y .

    w a k en e d him he h e a rd th e m s a y i n g T h i s is n ot M a k u a s b o d y It i s the
    “ ’

    , , .

    bo d y o f a s p i r i t We h a v e seen h i m s wa ll ow ed b y the bi g fi sh
    . .
    13 2 B er n ice P . B is hop M us eu m —
    r B ulle tin

    Ma k u a p d his eyes a n d sa w a gr ea t c ro w d c u r i o us l y w a t c h i n g h i m
    O en e .

    His fr i en d s t oo k h i m to th ei r h o m e a n d h a v i n g g i v en h i m f oo d a s k e d ,

    h i m to t e ll a ll his e x p e r i ences a n d ho w he ha d com e b ac k fro m d ea th


    ,
    .

    S o M a k u a t o l d a ll th a t ha d h a pp e n ed to h im fro m the m o m en t h e h a d
    b een s wa llo w ed b y the fi s h His fr i en d s c o n s i d e re d h i m v e ry foo l i s h to
    .

    h a v e b ro k en the l a w s o f t he l a n d th a t is h i d d en fro m the eyes o f m a n .

    No w w e s h a l l see w h a t K a n e a n d K a n a loa ha d b een d o i n g T h ey ha d .

    p u t the bo y to s l eep a n d h a d t a k en h is s p i r i t to the h i dd en l a n d to m ee t


    his m o th e r . The b oy s l e pt p ea c e f u ll y u n t il the s h a rk bi t his b od y in
    two . T h i s w a k en ed him a n d r em em b e r i n g his d r ea m he w a s v er y s a d
    , , .

    B u t he r ec a ll e d the w o rd s o f the go d s a n d w a s c om fo rt e d b y the th ou ght


    ,

    th a t his f a th e r w a s h a ppy in th e l a n d o f the bl e st S o he w en t to the


    .

    f a rm w h e re he a ga i n fe l l a s l eep a n d in his dr ea m s s a w his f a th er s ret u r n


    ,
    ’

    a n d k n ew a ll h is s t o ry . T h i s gr ea t jo y a w a k en e d h im a n d he w a s s a d
    ,

    to fi n d i t o n l y a d r ea m . So h e t o o k his c a rr y i n g s t i c k a n d r e t u r n e d h om e
    w i th his b u rd en . T h er e he w a s grea t l y a s t on i s h e d to s ee h is f a th e r s i tt i n g
    b e fo re the d oo r a n d w a ili n g he r a n to h i m a n d h ea rd his s t o ry
    —
    .

    Ma k ua w a s n o w too o l d to w o rk The b oy l a b o r ed fo r h i m g e tt i n g
    .
    ,

    fo o d a n d fi s h I n d ue t i m e the f a th e r d i e d a n d the b oy w r a pp i n g the b od v


    .
    ,

    in ta p a ca rr i ed i t to a c a v e n e a r Ko o l a u p o k o a n d th e r e M a k u a w a s b u r i e d
    ,
    .
    13 4 B er n ice P . Bis hop M us eu m — B u ll e tin

    su ga r c a n e -
    i g h t p il th v i
    , as it m t it o t e fo fe r f t i ff
    s o e o c e, nor o s n a s on r a o s
    n es s B f re b i g
    . ll w d t p r f r m i p bli c th e w oul d b e d
    e o e n a o r h d to
    e o e o n u .
    - ance s a

    p ass v e r x m i ti o
    a se ft r w h i h t h y r
    e e a ive d th e i k i th ec re t
    na n, a e c e e ce un , e s
    si g r li g i
    n or c r m e y S m f th h l ou s d me e i l i tr m t u d on . o e o e u as an us ca ns u en s se
    w it h t h m w r the h l l li i
    e e: w h i h th e d r ra ttl d m ll d ou bl e
    e u a -u a -u , n c ance s e s a
    g rd fi ll d wit h p bbl
    ou s, e d tri mm d w it h f a t h r ; th e h l ap w l es , an e e e s e u a- u a ,

    whi h w c mp i d by th b ti g f h d
    as a cc o d an ebl c a l a b a h wh i ch e ea n o an s on ou e s es ,
    t d fr m tw
    s oo d o h lf t t h r e f t h i g h ; th e h l k l
    o an a i wh i h a
    a o e ee u a- a - a -a u, n c
    l g r
    on , di g ti k w
    e s oun tr k wit h ot h r ti k i ti m A l ge d rum
    n s c as s uc e s c s ,
    n e . ar
    m d fr m th h ll w d tr k o f t tr e ov r w h i h h a rk k i w
    tr t h d w fr q tly d A t h r d
    ’
    a e o e o o e un a c oc on u e e c a s s s n as
    s e c e as e w th
    u en h l p ill i w h i h th
    us e . no e a nce as e u a- u n c e
    d c r
    an w r e s t d the e g ro d h l d i g i t h ir h d j i t
    s ea e on f p lit e un , o n n e an s o n s o s
    b m b w h i h r ttl d
    a oo, th d c r b t w it h t h m d p
    a e d t h m fr m
    as e a n ce s ea e an as se e o
    on e t t h r W it h l l t h
    o a no h l
    e th r w
    . mp i m t of s i g i g
    a ese u as e e as an a c co an en n n
    or h ti g ll d th H m ti m
    c an n , ca g b y th d
    e er t h m e lv
    e O nd , so e es s un e anc s e s es a
    som ti m eby t h r I l r i g th a t f th h l a
    es o e s h p p il h d
    . n l o to ea n n e r o e u . eac u a a s
    l r thea n t o f th e e p a t ch i g
    ar c mm itti g to m m r y a w h i h wa
    o,
    “
    c n
    "
    or o n e o , c s
    t r p t ex tly w r d f w rd ft r h ri g it ly
    o e ea ac , o m t w hi c h or o , a e ea n on on c e , a e e,
    som ti m et k h o r to r ci tes oo u s e e .

    l l (i i
    c e )
    '
    e-Fr y c i ti
    '
    -
    e : tti li mbi g h r b w h i ch h a ri g id t em b o t
    e ne a arno , a c n s u s a s a u
    an i h i di m t r m r
    nc n c li m bi g
    a d e eri l r t tifl r ugh l a v
    ,
    nu e ou s n an ae a oo s , s o e es
    fr m t h r f t l g d l r g h d m l f li k fl o w e r r o e an d
    l r Rp
    o t on e o ee ee on , an a a e, an so e ea -
    e , s
    v rmilli i
    e on n d b k t w re m d
    co o f th
    . w ov e r oot s
    o es an as e s e a e o e n .

    im (i m ) A pl ov b ki g m t d v g t bl u d er g r u d b y
    '
    u -
    ue z f ac or en or a n ea s an e e a es n o n
    m f h ea t d
    ean s t o e s on es .

    lw i k m ( l wi k L it r lly b ck b f th e k i g ; th t i
    '- ’
    -
    ua - oo th
    -
    u -
    a e a , e a on e o n a s,

    hi f r tai r T h i titl w th h i g h t h r a k i g l d c fer


    .

    hi s c e e ne . s a e as e es o no n c ou on on
    u bj
    s t ec .

    K h i i i ( k hi li ) : A br h m de f fe t h r ti d t l g ti k
    '
    a a - -
    us d a a o a e s e o a on s c , use s a
    y m b l f r y lty T h m ll r k h ili w r w v d v r k i g o h i g h c h i f ;
    s o o o a . e s a e a e e a e o e a n r e
    th l rg
    e a w r rri d i r y l p r
    e o n es i e eT h y m w h t e m bl e d
    ca e n o a oc e s s o n s . e so e a r se
    l rg f th r a t r
    a e ea e -
    us e e .

    K h ( k h ) A tt e d t
    a u a
    '
    -
    u z p r nf h i gh r a k Th e r l t i
    n anb e t we en on a e s on o an . e a on
    th k he d hi a hi f w
    u an v ry c l d p rm
    s ct d xt d d to th
    e as e os e , an e a n en , an e en e e
    w h l f mily of th
    o e a k h A t th d th f h i f p
    e i lly f v r d k h
    a u . e ea o a c e , a S ec a a o e a u.
    call d m p w k ill d t h t h i p irit m i g h t t b l
    e oe - u u, as hi j our y
    e a s s no e a on e on s ne
    t th o xt w rl d T o b m p w
    e ne o t m d gr t h r
    . e a oe - uu as e s ee e a ea on o .

    K h (k h ) 1 A p ri t w h o ff r c ri fi c p h y ici n a tr l
    '
    a u na a- u -n a : . es , one o e s sa e, a s a , n as o
    og r e r r r d i v i r 2 A t rm p p li d to ch p r
    , a so ce e , a a
    ne m t r . . e a e su e s on s as re as e s

    of t h ir r ft tr d e t
    c a pr f i
    ,
    F x mp l k h
    a e, a r k l iw ,
    h
    or d o e s s on . or e a e— a u na a a aa, ea

    c a n oe m k r a e .

    K p (k p )
    a u t p
    a
    '
    -
    (t p )
    u E g t pu t b
    or a t b u 1 A g r l me f
    a
    '
    -
    u z n . a , a u, a oo : . ene a na o

    th y t m f r li g i t h t f r m rly xi t d i th H w ii i l d Th
    e s s e o e on a o e e s e n e a a an s an s . e

    sy t m w b d
    s e m r
    as r tri tiase p r h ibiti on k p i g th
    nu c m e ou s es c on s or o on s , ee n e o

    m pon pl i b di
    eo t th e hi f
    n od p ri t t h g h m y f th e k p
    e en c e o e c e s an es s , ou an o a u
    i l d d ll l
    nc u e f p a pl 2 P r h ibit d f rbi d d
    c a s s es 3 oTo t p rt t
    eo e . . o e , o en . . se a a ,
    o

    p r h ibit fr m
    o t m k o r d o h ly o
    us e , r t ed o a e s ac e r o , r c on s ec a .

    K ea p -
    (k ua A g m
    e
    '
    -
    a i whi h rr w m d f th h ft f ug r a e n c an a o a e o e s a o a s a

    can e bl m w h t
    os s o t h r w fr m w h i p li k as tri v e
    s o or o n o a -
    e c on anc .

    K II ( k i i ) A
    '
    -
    im g : im g n a e or a es .

    Kll u A g m i wh i h a ti k ti d t
    a tri g we, w g r d
    n c s c , e o a s n , as s un a oun a

    cir l f p p l W h v r w h i t h d t i g
    c e o eo e . li oe e as a o s n , or o .

    K oa (k ) Ao —a
    '
    i k : l r g h r d w d tr ee g r ow i g i th moun t i
    cac a oa , a a e a -
    oo n n e a ns .

    C a n oes d t il a m d fr m th w d w h i h t a k
    an u ens s h i gh p li h a d
    re a e o e oo , c es a o s n
    Rice— H a wa iia n L egen ds 13 5

    is s om e ti mes ca ll ed Ha wa i i a n ma h oga n y . Th e l ea f is s ilv e ry gr een and


    c r es ce n t s h a p ed
    - .

    Koa e ( k o P h a e on rub r i c a ud a or l ep turu s ( if w hi e ) ; a t t v ri ou ly c a ll ed th e s


    t i ’
    r op c , fr ga e or b o s un b d i t
    A l a ge w h e d w h tw o ir . r it bir it l o g l e d r r ed
    n , s n e
    t r
    fe a h e s i n i ts a ; i n on e a e th e tw o fe a h e s a re w h t il v ri ty t r it It m k s i te . a e s

    nes t
    i n th e c ffs li .

    Ko k o ( k o -k o )
    '
    z Ne w o k t r bra i d d tri g e d f
    of e s n s us or c a rryi g n a ca a l b ash .

    Ko u a ne ( k o-n a '-n e ) z A ga m r e e m bli g c h k r


    e s n ec e s or c h es s b u t m or e c omp li
    ca te d h a n c h ec k e s t r . I t w a p l y d wit h p e bbl
    s a e e s , or s e a - ea n s , b on a ma r k e d
    rock .

    Ko n o h k i i An o v er s ee r of th e l and un d e r th e i
    c h e fs — th e p i n c p a r i l
    ma n of a vill a g e .

    K oa li , a sol ko w li : a Th e c on v olv l u us vi ne, th e mo r i g g l ry


    n n o .

    Ku l n a -k a p a
    ( k u -
    i '-
    n a -
    k a
    '
    -
    p ),
    a or k u n a k a p a
    '
    p p u:
    a a A s e t o f s ee p n g a p a s , i l i t
    ge n e a r lly
    b t t t g t r g
    fi v e ea e n or fa s e n e d o e h e a t on e e d e , a n s w e n ri g
    th e p u p o s e r
    v ri g T y w r v ry w r
    of b ed -c o e n s he e e e a m v r g t
    W h en a fa o e d u e s c a me to a
    . .

    iv x t
    h ou s e , h e w a s g en a n e w s e t, a n d h e w a s e p e c e d to a k e t
    w h h im it it
    l t
    wh e n h e e f .

    K k i (k
    u u Th um e of tre A l e rit m l ucc d al of i t
    e na nu t a e, u es o ana , an so s .

    Th t wh i h w
    e nu v e ry ily w , d to b r c f li gh t o w as tru g o , as use u n or s r as s n on
    b mb o fa to h o Th e tr ee p r d c or a g m Irc c i e t ti m e
    es th e t r n k
    . o u es u . n an n s u s
    W re e m ti m m de i t c
    so eb t th e w d waes t v ry d r bl ;
    a th e n o a n oes , u oo s no e u a e
    b a k of th r r tw ed i c l ri g e bl a ck Th k k i i om tim es
    oo as us n o o n c a n o es . e u u s s e
    c ll e d th e c a n d l e
    a t tree nu .

    K p a (k p d mi g d f a l c a lity b e vil
    '
    u u ) Th u u-a : fi t th e c a e
    e e
    - -
    o o o , en e cen or , as s
    mi g h t b A l o li d p irit oft e . e m b od i d i r o k or tr
    ca zeev i a s , en e n a c a ee or en n

    p i t o f l nd to b
    o n p r p iti a t d b y a
    p i fi ed ffe ri g A d riv d mea i g
    , e o e s ec o n s . e e n n
    i gn i fi a orcere r
    s es s .

    La m a M b d w ic i p i f f r t tr a f v e y h r d wo d
    u san en s s , a s ec es o o es ee o r a o ,

    u ed i s b u il d i g h o n f r th g d It h h n d om e e d b rry u s es o e o s . as a an s r e .

    b b g e fe r wh i h gr w K u i d h
    '

    La ua e (l Th au ly e d
    ca a n, c o s on on a a an as a e
    li gh t f l fr g r uT p w b t wit h l a a nce l v t . t it ( m i l e a a as ea e n a u ae ea es o s c en a ,

    d l w od w r l u d f t h i p rp )
    ,

    m kih o d an a , an san a o e e a so se or s u os e .

    L auh l (l
    a a ha l ) Th e p d
    a u- o h l tr ; m r p p erly th e l f f th
    '-
    a : an a n us r a a ee o e ro ea o e
    h l tree wh i ch wh e d ri d i w vi g m t ot h e r p
    ”

    a a , d f , d f n e , s us e or ea n a s an or ur

    p os e s .

    La u l au: B und l e s of po k w r r ti l v e a d c ook d i


    a p p ed in im ea s n e n an u.

    hi l h : M tr i d p ly m r p h v a l bl h a rd
    '
    Le h u a ( le hu - -a
    ) or o a e ua e os er os o o a, a ua e
    w oo d tr ee , g rowing on th e pl d of l l th
    u i l d It b r
    an b ea ti f l
    s a e s an s . ea s a u u
    bl om g os s , e n era ll y s ca rl e t b t me tree b r r g y e ll ow
    , u so w h it s ea o an e, , or e
    fl we r o s .

    Le i ( lei ) : A w r a th
    e or gar lan d ; an r
    o n a m en a t l h ea d d r es s or n e ck a c e l . Le i s

    a r e m a d e of b d ea s, s e ed s , nu s , t fe a th r e s, g re en l v ea es , fl ow e s , r a nd o th er
    m a e ri a s t l .

    Le i l e h ua ( l e
    '
    i -l e-h u
    '-
    a ) : A w re t h a of l e hua bl o s s om s .
    ( S e e le i a nd l e h ua .
    )
    Le i p a la c a ( l e i -p a-l a o-a ) : A n e c k a c e , m a d e o f m a n y s a n d s o f b a d e d h um a n
    ' '
    l tr r i
    i
    h a r , fr om w h c h d e p e n d e d a c ar e d h o ok k e o na m e n o f i h a e or w a rus v li r t w l l
    t
    u s k , w o od , or h u m a n on e , p r e fe a h a of a n e n e m ch e f K uo l o a a n d s b r bly t t y i . l
    of Oa h u we r e a w a y s r e s e e d b y th e k n l
    for h i s o w n u s e , b e ca u s e d e ad rv i g
    w h a l e s or w a ru s w er e k e y to come a s h o e h er e l li l r t .
    13 6 B er n ic e P . B is hop M us e u m — B ulletin
    i
    L mu ( li m ) 1 A d ibl '
    -
    u :w d 2 A ge er a l . am n f e v e ry k i d of
    e e s ea- ee . . n n e or n

    ed ibl h rb t h a t g row i th
    e e a s n e se .

    Li p Ii m ( li p o li m ) z A h i c c t d e d ibl a w ee d r e pi k
    ' '
    aa u - -
    a -
    It i u c o e, s en e , e se . s os n
    in ol r c d f o d o ly a t
    , an rt a i n e oun n ce s a s on s .

    L ua u (l u) u
    '
    1 A f
    -
    a t ( P i i th e b tt r w or d f f a t b ut l
    : . ea s i th
    . a na s e e or e s , ua u s e
    m od r t r m e n 2 Th e y e g l f of th k l . t ro 3 B il d t ro l a v e
    . ou n ea e a o or a . . o e a e s .

    A p r w h i ov e r t h e r i offi e o omm a d H ce a
    '
    L una ( lu ) -
    na : e s on o s o s n c r c n . en ,
    n
    ov e r e r s ffi c r a d ir
    e , t or h r l d
    an o me g r
    e , to b i e ec , a e a or a s s en e , on e s e n n us n ss
    by c h i f a m b a d or
    a e , x c ti v ffi ce r f a y k i d
    n a ssa , an e e u e o o n n .

    M il ( m i l )
    a e A l y xi a o l i
    a
    '
    -
    fo mi
    e z v i e wit h fra g ra t g r e l v of w h i ch va e r s, a n n en ea es
    w rea t h a m d s re a e .

    M l ( m l o ) : A tri p o f t p a
    a o a
    '
    -
    c l t h g ir d d a b s t th l i of m en I fo a or o e ou e o ns . n r
    m t im th m l w th on l y ga rm t w or b y me a t w ork
    er es e a e as e en n n .

    Ma p k i (m L it r lly fl w r A r d m lo u d
    ' '
    - ua - a l p a -
    f th e
    o- u e ~
    a e a , o e o s a . e a se
    f r fi g ; m d w t rp r of d d y d d b y k i g i a m i xt r of k a ma i
    or s u n a e a e o an e re s oa n n u e n
    il a d
    o r h d h om e o h b rri
    n c us e r aa e es .

    M m ( m mo ) Dr p a i p ec i e o f bir d w it h y e ll o w f t h r
    '
    a o a -
    p ifi : e n s ac ca , a s s ea e s
    u d r e n e h wi g w h i h w r ac m c h v l d for l o k n h lm t a d c the r e e u a ue c a s, e e s, n o
    f a th er w rk
    ,

    e o .

    M a nn Th e c rv d p r o w o f a a e s a c n oe .

    M l ( m le)
    e e e 1 A o g ; th
    '-
    w rd o
    z b j ec t
    . f a g ep i c i c h ra t e r
    s n e o s r su o s on ,
    n a c .

    2 To h a t
    . ci g n or s n .

    M ( me A r ce f m yt h i c l d w r f fr m tw t t h r e f t i
    '
    e ne h une h ) -
    n a- u -
    ne z a o a a s o o o e ee n
    h i gh t w h
    e w r p
    , e d f gr
    o t tr g t h ; a r c e of p y gmi w h w e re
    e e os s sse o ea s en a es o
    q t tr m d ly s tro g p o w r f lly b ilt
    s ua , e en d v ry u g ly of f c
    ou s Th y n , e u u , an e a e . e
    w e r c r d it d w it h th b il d i g of m
    e e e y t mp l s d d t h r truc t ure
    e u n an e e , r oa s, an o e s s .

    Tr d a m g t h m w r w ll y t m tiz d e v ry M
    es a on e h b i g r e tri t d
    e e e s s e a e , e en e un e e n s c e
    to h i w n p rti c l r
    s o r ft i w h i h h e w a m t r It w
    u a b li v ed t h t
    c a n c as a as e . as e e a
    t h y w l d w rk ly
    e ou i gh t c o tr c ti d if
    on bl t c m p l t e on e n on a on s u on an un a e o o e
    th w rk it w
    e o l ft u d ,
    as e n on e .

    M (m A h g my t h i l liz rd o m t e r w r m
    '
    o -o ) o -o : u e ca a r on s o .

    O l i ( o li ) 1 A o g s i gi g ; t ch t i g 2 T i g ; t ch a t
    '-
    : . ch s n , a n n a an , a an n . . o s n o n .

    O o ( ) o -o
    '
    A i tr m t m d f h rd w d
    : n ns i e tly ed i c lti v a t i g th e
    u en a e o a oo a nc n us n u n
    g r u d I t w a s l g d fl tt e d a t o e d t for m a d i gg r
    o n . on an a en n en o e .

    O -
    o ( )o
    '
    M h
    -o : bili A p i f bird f d f r m rly i g r t m b r i n
    o o no s . s ec e s o ou n o e n ea nu e s
    H w ii T h e y ll w f t h r w r m c h v l d f m k i g c l k h l met s
    a a . e o ea e s e e u a ue or a n oa s, e ,

    d
    an t h e r a ti c l es f th h i f
    o r or e c e s .

    Op ae (o Th e h ri m p ( M ob a c h i m g a d i m ) s a cr u r n anus .

    O p ih i ( o p i h i ) A li m p t ( H l i i c xa a tu ) p ci of ma ll h e ll fi h
    '
    - -
    : a e e c on s us e r s , s e es s s -
    s
    wit h m ttl d bl k g r y d w h it h ll g r lly f d c li g i g to m
    o e ac , a an e s e , en e a ou n n n os s
    g r w r k o th e a c t
    o n oc s n se -
    oa s .

    P li ( p a li ) A p r ec i p i ce a h i g h c l i ff l i if th e i d e o f t eep r vi ne a t ep
    '
    a -
    : ,
    or c s , s a s a , s e
    h il l .

    P a -u (p u) A
    a- k i rt f tap : w or b y th w me
    s o d nc er oth e p ri c i p a l a n e o n, r a s— n

    g r me t f H w ii
    a n w om o i f r m r ti m e a I t ge
    a r ll y c on i t e d of a
    an en n o e s . ne a s s
    nu mb r f p i c e of t po u ll y fi e wou d a rou d th w i t a d r a chi n g
    e es a a, s ua v , n n e a s , n e
    to b ou t th e k n ee
    a .
    B E RN I C E P B IS H O P. M US E U M
    B O AR D O F TR US TE E S
    A LB ERT F J UDD P r es i d en t .
    ,

    E F A X O N BI S H OP V i c e P r e s i d en t
    .
    J M D OWS ETT T r ea su r e r ,
    -
    . .
    ,

    H EN RY HOL M ES W I LL I A M O S M ITH .

    R I C H A R D H T R ENT W I L L I A M W I L L I A M S O N S ec r e t a r y
    . .

    M E M B E R S O F TH E S T AF F
    H ER B ERT E . GR EGORY ,
    Ph D . . D i r ect o r
    W I LL I A M T BRI GH A M . Sc D D i r ec t o r Em e r i t u s
    WI LL I A M H D A LL Ph D
    . .
    ,

    .
    , . C o s u l t i n g Na t u ra li s t
    n

    EL M ER D . M ERRI L L ,
    MS . C o n u l t i n g B o t a is t
    s n

    OTTO H . S W EZ EY , MS . .
    C o su l t i n g En t o mo l o g i s t
    n

    C LA RK WI S S LER , PhD .
    C o n s u lt i n g A n thr o p o l o g i s t
    RO B ERT BS T AITK EN .
    , . R es ea r c h A s s oc i a t e th
    in E n o l o y g
    STA N L EY C B A L L Ph D .
    , .
    C u ra t o r of C t
    o ll ec i o n s
    F OR EST B H BRO W N , P h D . . . .
    B ot a n i s t
    EL I Z A B ETH WU I S T BR O W N PhD , . R ese a r c h A s s o c i a t e in B ot a n y
    EDW I N H BRY A N JR B S Ph B ‘

    .
    , .
    , . .
    , . .
    A s s i s t a n t En t o m o l o g i s t
    C MO N TA GU E C OOK E JR PhD Ma l a c o l ogi s t
    R es e a r c h A s s oc i a t e in Z oo l og y
    . .
    , , .

    H EN RY E CR A M PTO N P h D
    Z ool og i s t
    .
    , . .

    CH A R L ES H ED M O N DS O N , P h D . .

    K EN N ETH P E M ORY , B S . . . A s s i s t a n t Eth n o l o g i s t


    H EN RY W FO W L ER .
    B i s ho p M u s eu m F ell o w
    RUTH H GR EI N ER A B .
    , . . B i s h o p Mu seu m F ll o w e

    E S CRA IG H I L L HA N DY PhD
    . .
    , .
    Eth n o l o g i s t
    WI L LOWDEA N C H A ND Y . A s s o c i a t e i Po l y n e s i a n F o l k w a y s
    n

    EL I Z A B ETH B H I G G I N S . L ib r a r i a n a n d Ed i t o r
    N E A H I N DS A B
    . . .
    ,
    . . B i s h op M u s eu m Fe l l o w
    HA N S G HO R N B OST EL . C o ll ec t o r
    J . F . I L L I N G W O RTH , Ph D . R e s ea r c h A ss oc i a t e in En t om o l o g y
    B ERTH A M ETZ G ER A s s i s t a n t to D i r ec t o r
    G EOR GE C M U N RO . A s soc i a t e in O r n i th o l ogy
    MA R I E C NEA L A B .
    ,
    . . A s s i s t a t M a l a co l o gi s t
    n

    C A R L S K OTTS B ERG Ph D , . . B i h op M u s e u m F e l l o w
    s

    F L STEVEN S Ph D
    . .
    . . . B i s h o p M u s eu m F e l l o w
    J OH N F G STOK E S . . Eth o lo g i s t
    n

    LOUI S R S U L L IVA N M A .
    , . . R e s ea r c h A s s oc i a t e in A n thr o p o l o gy
    JOH N W T H O M P SO N .
    P rep a ra t o r
    T H O M A S G T HRU M .
    A sso c i a t e in Ha wa ii a n F o l k l o r e
    STEPH EN S V I S H ER Ph D .
    ,
    . B i s h op Mu s eu m F e ll o w
    LA HI L A H I W EB B G u i d e to Ex h ibi t s
    G ERRIT P W I LDER . A s so c i a t e in B o t a n y
    A N N A Ho Jan i to r a n d Gu i d e
    HO N G C H I Ho J an i t o r
    6 Be i
    r n ce P . B is ho p M ”s e w n —
    B ulletin .

    va l ue of ra p i d l y gro w i n g co ll ec t i on s o f i n s ect s M u c h pr ogre s s ha s


    the .

    b ee m a d e in w o rk i n g u p a n d a rr a n g i n g m a t e r i a l a c c u m u l a t e d d u r i n g the
    n

    p a s t yea r s I n the i d n t i fic a t i o n o f s p ec i es the fr i en d l y a s s i s t a nc e o f Ha


    . e ,

    w a iia n e n t o m o l o g i s t s ha s b e en en l i s t e d a n d a rr a n g e m e n t s h a v e b een m a d e
    fo r r e p o rt s o n b e et l es o f the g enu s A p te roc yc lu s b y P ro f E C V a n D y k e . . .

    o f the Un i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a ; o n D e r m a pt e r a a n d O rth o pt e r a b
    y Dr .

    Mo rg a H e b a r d o f the Ph il a d el ph i a A c a d e m y o f S c i en c e ( p
    n on .

    C i x ii d a e by W M G i ffa rd ; o n Het e ro pt e ra b y E P V a n D u z c e o f the


    . . . .

    C a l i fo r n i a A ca d e m y o f S c i enc es ; o n J a s s i d a e b y P r o f Heb e rt O s b o r n o f .

    Oh i o S t a t e U i v e rs i t y n S p ec i a l s t u d i es h a v e b e e n m a d e b y M r S w e z ey o n
    . .

    the H a w a i i a n Le p i d o pt e r a .

    B y co rr es p o d en c e a n d p e r s o n a l i n t e rv i ew s C l a rk W i s s l e r C o n s u l t
    n , ,

    in g A n th r o p o l o g i s t ha s r en d e re d i mp o rt a t s e rv i c e a s a s y m p a th e t i c c r i t i c
    ,
    n

    o f the M u s eu m s a d m i n i tr a t i v e p l a n s p e r so e l a n d p ro gr a m o f w o rk
    ’
    s . nn ,
    .

    H is d e s i r e to e l a rg e the u s e f u l n e s s o f the M u s eu m h a s r e s u l t ed in
    n

    s t r e gt h e n i n g th e h e l p f u l co o p e r a t i v e r e l a t i o n s w i th the A m e r i c a n M u seu m
    n —

    o f Na t u r a l H i s t o r y p a rt i c u l a r l y i p ro v i d i n g the s e rv i ce s o f Lou i s R S u ll i
    ,
    n .

    v an .
    ( S ee p I I ) . .

    Rob e rt T A i tk en R e s ea rc h A s s o c i a t e in Eth n o l og y r et u r n e d on
    .
    , ,

    A u g u s t 8 fro m a tw o yea r s fi e l d t r i p in the A u s tr a l I s l a d s a s a m e m b e r


    ’
    n

    o f the B a ya rd D o m i i c k E x p e d i t i o n A fe w d a ys w e re s p en t a t R a i v a v a e
    n .

    a nd b ri e f v i s i t s w e re m a d to i s l a n d s in the S oc i et y a n d P a u mo t u gr ou p s
    e .

    The r e m a i n d e r o f the t i m e a v a il a bl e fo r fi e l d w o rk w a s d ev ot e d to i v es t i n

    ga tio s o n the i s l a n d o f T u b u a i
    n At the e d o f the yea r his m a usc r i pt . n n

    o n th e e th n o l o g ea r c o m p l e t i o n D u r i n g Oc t o b e r M r
    y o f T u b ua i w a s n . .

    A i tk e n a ddr e s s e d the S oc i a l S c i en c e C l b a d a l s o the Na t u r a l S c i enc e u n

    C l u b o n the Na t i v es o f T u b ua i i the A u s tra l I s l a n d s


    “
    n .
    ”

    I n a d d i t i o n to his w o rk a s C u r a t o r o f C o l l ec t i o n s S t a n l e y C B a l l , .

    s rv e d a s A c t i n g D i r e c t o r fr o m J a u a r
    e
    y I to F e b ru a r y 7 a d fr o m A u g u s t
    n ,
    n

    1 2 to the e n d o f the y ea r H e a l s o d e v o t e d t i m e to p l a n s fo r b u il d i g s a n d
    . n

    eq u i p m e t A c c o m pa n i e d b y Ch a r l e s H Ed m o n d son M r B a l l ma d e a
    n . .
    , .

    c o l l ec t i n g tr i p to M o l o k a i i F eb r ua ry a d d u r i n g J u l y a d A u gu s t
    n n n

    m a d e a n e x p e d i t i on to F a n n i g i s l a d ( p A n a b s t r a c t o f M r B a ll s
    '
    n n . .

    A n n u a l Re p o rt is p r i n t e d o n p a ge 2 6 .

    F o r es t B H B ro w B o t a n i s t re t u r n e d to H o n ol u l u on D ec e m b e r I 6
    . . n, , ,

    1 9 22 a ft e r a p e r i o d o f tw o
    , yea r s s p n t in the M a rq ues a s a n d n e i gh b o r i n g e

    pa rt s o f the P a c i fic a s a m em b e r o f the B a ya r d D o m i n i c k Ex p ed i t i o n .

    H is w o rk ha s r es u l t e d i fi l li n g a c o n s p i c uou s ga p in the k n o w l e dg e o f
    n

    Pa c i fi c fl o r a a d s h o u l d l ea d to the pr e p a r a t i o n o f a s t a n d a rd t r ea t i s e b a se d
    n

    on h is c o l l ec t i o s w h i c h c o m pr i s e 9 000 s h ee t s o f m a t e r i a l a d 3 9 5 ph ot o
    n . n

    gr a ph s D u r i g th e yea r a p a p e r b M B r o w o n The sec on d a ry x yl em


    . n y r . n
    “
    R epor t o f the D ir ec to r for 1 9 22 7

    of H a w a ii a n tr ees ( O c c a s i on a l Pa p e r s V o l V I I I No 6 ) w a s i s sue d , .
    , .

    b y the M u seu m .

    Eli z a b eth Wu is t B ro w n R e s e a r c h A s s o c i a t e in B o t a n y w a s a m e m b e r
    , ,

    o f th e M a rq ue s a s p a rt y o f the B a a rd D om i n i c k E x p e d i t i o n for the


    y yea r s
    I 920 2 1 a n d 1 9 2 1 22
    -
    H er a tt en t i on w a s g i v en c h i fl y to i v es t i ga t i o n o f
    —
    . e n

    th e c r y pt o ga m i c fi o r a .

    The t i m e o f Ed w i n H B ry a n Jr A s s i s t a n t En to m o l o g i s t ha s b een
    .
    , .
    , ,

    g i v en p a rt l y to the c a re a n d s t u d y o f the co ll ec t i on s o f i n s ec t s a d p a rt l y n

    to g en e r a l M u s eu m d u t i e s C on s i d e r a bl e pr ogr es s ha s b een m a d e in the


    .

    p rep a r a t i on o f a p a p e r on Ha w a i i a n D i pt e r a w h i c h i n c l u d es d esc r i pt i o n s ,

    o f a l l s p ec i es r ec o rd e d in the T e rr i t o ry a n d a l so o a c a rd c a t a l o g o f the ,
    n

    e n t o m o l o g i c a l li t e r a t u r e in H o n o l u l u F o r c o ll c t i n g i n s e c t s tr i p s w e r e
    . e

    m a d e to the Na p a l i r eg i o n on K a ua i a n d to p a rt s o f O a h u .

    C M o n t a gu e Coo k e Jr M a l a c ol o g i s t s p en t th e fir s t h a l f o f the yea r


    .
    , .
    , ,

    a t th e P h i l a d e l ph i a A ca d e m y o f Na t u r a l S c i e n ces in d i s s e c t i n g s p ec i m e n s

    o f En d o d o n tid a e a n d Z o n i t i d a e pr ep a r a t o ry to the pr e p a r a t i on o f a m on o
    ,

    gra ph on th ese f a m ili es I n the M u s e u m l a b o r a t o r y the m os t i mp o rt a n t


    .

    w o rk a c co mp li s h e d w a s th e c a t a l og i n g o f the Wi l d e r c oll ec t i o n o f
    s p e c i m en s o n e o f the l a rg es t a n d m o s t v a l u a bl e co ll ec t i o n s o f O a hua n
    ,

    A c h a tin e l l id a e Fi el d tr i p s w e r e m a d e to the Wa i a n a e M ou n t a i n s O a h u
    .
    “

    , ,

    a n d to the i s l a n d s o f K a ua i M a u i a n d M o l o k a i T hr ou gh the effo rt s o f


    , .

    M r Coo k e m u c h v a l u a bl e s h e l l ma t e r i a l ha s b ee r ec e i v e d d u r i n g the yea r


    . n .

    H en r y E C r a m pt o n R es ea r c h A sso c i a t e in Z o o l ogy ha s c o n t i n u ed
    .
    , ,

    his i n v e s t i g a t i on o f the co ll e c t i on s o f P a r tu l a Ob t a i n e d in 1 9 20 fr o m G u a m
    a d the M a r i a n a s I s l a n d s
    n The s t a t i s t i c a l a n a l y s i s o f the m a t e r i a l ha s
    .

    b een en t i re l y c o mp l et ed a n d su b s t a n t i a l pr o gr e s s ha s b e e m a d e in the
    , n

    w r i t i n g o f a m on o gr a ph .

    Ch a r l es H Ed m o n d so n Z ool o g i s t ha s b een en ga ge d in the c la s s ifi ca


    .
    , ,

    t i o n a n d a rra gem en t of the z ool og i ca l m a t e r i a l s t o r e d in the M u s eu m


    n

    b u i l d i n g s H is fi e l d w o rk d u r i n g the yea r i n c l u d ed c o ll ec t i o n t r i p s to
    .

    M o l o k a i a n d F a n n i n g i s l a n d s ( pp 6 I 9 ) a d i n v e s t i g a t i o s of m a r i n e .
    , n n

    f a u n a a t K a h a n a B ay K a w a il oa a n d Wa i k i k i on the i s l a n d o f Oa h u H e
    , ,
    .

    ha s a rr a n ge d fo r e x c h a n ge s o f i d en t i fi e d m a t r i a l w i th the A u s tr a l i a n
    “

    M u seu m a n d th e Z oo l og i ca l S u rv ey o f I n d i a F o r the i d en t i fi c a t i on o f .

    Ha w a ii a n c o ll ec t i o n s he ha s e n l i s t e d the ge n e ro u s a ss i s t a n c e o f D r H e r
    , .

    b e rt L C l a rk o f the Mu seu m o f C o m p a r a t i v e A n a t o m y D r He n ry A
    .
    , . .

    P ils b r y o f the P h il a d e l ph ia A c a d e my o f Na t u r a l S c i en c e Dr A A T r ea d ,
    . . .

    w e ll o f V a ss a r C o ll e g e a d a l s o o f M i s s M a r y J R a th b u r n Dr Wa l do L
    , n .
    , . .

    S c h m i tt C l a r e n c e R S h o em a k e r a n d Dr Pa u l B a rt sc h o f the Na t i o n a l
    , . .

    M u s eu m .
    8 Be r n ce i P . B is ho p Al ta mi ra —
    B ul leti n

    The w o rk of M r Ed m o n d s o n
    . a t th e Ma r i n e B i ol o g i c a l l a b o r a t o r y of

    th e Un i v e r s i t y of H a w a i i is b r i e fl y d es c r ib e d as f oll ow s :
    I n Oc t b r
    o e aly pl k t h l v r k w
    y ea r
    ’
    s r eco rd o f th e d ai an on au s o e a no n a r ea on

    th er fw m pl t d
    ee d th m t r i l
    a s co ll t d w r m d v i l bl f x m i
    e e an e a e a s co ec e e e a e a a a e or e a na

    ti on St d i
    . f th u mb y i
    es otg d th l i f h i t r i
    e e f r f rg i m h v
    r n c s a es an e e s o es o ee o an s s a e

    b ee n ti dco nAdv n ue d t d t .
    p i g t di th
    ance h rmi t r b f th
    s u en s a re u r su n s u es on e e c a s o e

    H w ii i l d d th r ti f l t xtr m f t mp r t r t o e e a u e, o s un

    R rd f th
    a a an s an s an on e ea c on o co r a s o e e es

    l ight t i lt t d i ty f w t r d t th r vi r m t l f t
    , o s , o en s o a e , an o o e en on en a ac or s . eco s o e

    g wt h f r l p l t d d ri g 9 w
    ro o co a s t b l t d d p r vi i w m d f
    an e u n 1 21 ere a u a e an o s on as a e or a

    c on t i ti n uaf th i w r k
    on t i l th t f g r wt h f m y l l p i m
    o s o un f e ra e o o o as an oca s ec en s o

    co ra sl p ibl h b
    as oss d t rm i d e C p r t i g w i t h th
    as D p rt m t
    ee n f e e ne . o-O e a n e e a en o

    B t y f th U iv
    o an o i ty f H w ii d w i th M i M r i N l
    e n e rs gr d t t d t
    o a a an ss a e ea as a ua e s u en

    o f th t d p rt m ta m r th r g h b i l gi l i v t ig t i
    e a en , a f th r f t W i k i k i
    o e o ou o o ca n es a on o e ee a a

    h as b d t k
    ee n Sq
    un r er a b i g l i d t fr m th h l i t th d g
    en . ua es a re e n a ou o e s ore ne o e e e

    o f th f f
    e r ee p i bl
    or as d i t iv t d i
    ar as f pl t d im l
    os s d th e, an n en s e s u es o an s an an a s an e

    r l ti
    e a f pl t t
    on s o i m l w i ll b m d w i thi t h
    an s
    ‘
    o q
    an a s e a e n ese s ua r e s .

    The c o u r s e o f t w el v e s e m i p o p u l a r l ec t u r es on ph a se s o f m a r i n e z oo -

    l og y b eg u n in 1 9 2 1 w a s c on t i n u ed
    , ,
    .

    K e n n eth P Em o r y ,
    . p en t the fir s t h a l f o f the A s s i st an t Eth n o l og i s t , s

    y ea r in the pr e p a r a t i o n o f a m a n u s c r i pt o n the a r c h a eol o gy a n d eth n o l o g y


    o f the i s l a n d o f L a n a i I n con n e c t i o n w i th th i s w o rk fi e l d t r i p s w e r e m a d e
    .
    ,

    to K a u p o a n d L a h a i n a M a u i a n d to M o l o k a i O n J u l y 2 7 M r Em o r y
    , , . .

    l e ft Hono l u l u on a yea r s l ea v e o f a b sen c e to p u r s u e gr a d u a t e s t u d i e s a t’

    H a rv a rd Un i v e r s i t y .

    H en ry W F ow l e r. A ca d e m y o f
    ,
    Ic hth yo l o g i s t of th e P h il a d e l ph i a
    S c i e n ce a n d B i s h o p M u s eu m F el l o w fo r 1 9 22 1 9 2 3 d e v o t e d his a tt e n t i o n -
    ,

    to the s t u d y i d en t i fi c a t i o n a n d l a b e li n g o f the M u se u m c o ll ec t i on o f fi s h
    , ,

    w h i c h he r ep o rt s a s em b r a c i g u p w a r d s o f s p ec i m en s a n d f o rm i n g
    “
    n

    the m o s t r e pr e s en t a t i v e l ot o f fi s h es fr o m O cea n i a th a t I k n o w o f A ”
    .

    pr e l i m i n a ry p a p e r d es c r i pt i v e o f n e w f o rm s w a s pr ep a r ed fo r p u bli ca t i o n
    a d pr o gr e s s m a d e o n a m o r e c o m pr eh e n s i v e s t u d y
    n .

    B e f o r e l ea v i n g Gr ei n e r B i s h o p
    fo r the m a i n l a n d in A u gu s t ,
    Ru th H .
    ,

    M s eu m F ell o w for 1 9 2 1 1 9 2 2 s u b m i tt ed m a n u s c r i pt on Po l y n e s i a n d es i g n
    u -
    ,
    s

    w h i c h c o m pr i s es a n e x t en s i v e s t u d y o f H a w a i i a n S a m oa T on ga an d , n, n,

    M a o r i d ec o r a t i v e el em en t s a n d com p a r i s o n s w i th a t a s d e v el o p e d in o th e r r

    p a rt s o f Pol yn es i a a n d in s el ect ed i s l a n d s o f M el a n es i a .

    t i m e o f E S C a ighill H a n d y Eth o l og i s t w a s g i v en l a rg e l y
    The . . r ,
    n ,

    to th e pr e p a r a t i on o f m a n u s c r i pt r e s u l t i n g fro m his fi e l d w o rk i n th e
    '

    M a rq e s a d u r i n g 1 9 20 a n d 1 9 2 1 a s a m em b e r o f the B a y a r d D o m i n i c k
    u s

    E x p ed i t i on At the c l o s e o f the y ea r his p a p e r s o n The n a t i v e c u l t u r e “


    .
    10 Be r n ic e P . B is ho p ll/I u s eu m —
    B ul l e l i n

    the p r t iv
    es enc e o f n a i l d I f d t h t th mm
    es o n h fl y f H w ii
    an s an . oun a e co on ou s e o a a

    w as t th t
    no f E r p d th U i t d S t t
    a o f r m rl y
    u o e an pp d b t v ri ty e n e a es , a s o e su ose , u a a e

    f ad i t i tly d i ff r t p i nc pp r i g l g th w t r h r
    en s f th P ifi
    ec es , a ea n a on e es e n s o es o e ac c

    fl i w i ll f ll w m v i m ll b t d i
    o s e .

    Si it i k w t h t t h "
    s nc e

    fl i w r i H w ii w h C pt i C k rriv d
    nce s no n a es e es o o an, e en n s a oa s , an

    t h r i vi d
    e e s th t h e en c e a ou se es e e n a a en a a n oo a e , on e

    m y f i rl y
    a a l d t h t t h y m w i th th t iv l g t h i r l i
    co n c u e a f m ig t i
    e ca e e na es a on e n es o ra on .

    I t i i t r ti g t
    s n e es t th t vi dn f th m ig r t i
    o no e f th i t x tly
    a ou r e e n ce o e a on o es e n s ec s e ac

    i i d w it h w h t i
    co n c es w pr m d t h v b a th li s f m ig r t i
    no f th es u e o a e een e ne o a on o e

    ea r l i t p pl r hi g th h r f th H w ii i l d
    es eo es ea c n e s o es o e a a an s an s .

    In a dd i t i on
    r ou t i n e d u t i es B e rth a M et zg e r A s s i s t a n t to the
    to he r , ,

    D i r ec t o r ha s ac t e d a s c r i t i c o f p a p e r s s u b m i tt ed for p u bli c a t i o n A s s i s t e d
    , .

    b y La h il a h i We bb T h o m a s G T hr u m C F G es s l e r a n d o th e r m em b e r s
    , .
    ,
    . .
    ,

    o f the s t a ff s he a s su m e d the d i ffi c u l t t a s k o f e d i t i n g the m a n usc r i pt a n d


    ,

    r ea d i n g the pro o f o f the Ha w a ii a n D i c t io n a ry M i s s Met z ge r w rot e a n .

    a rt i c l e S a y i n g s o f the Sou th S ea s w h i c h w a s p u bli s h e d in the Pa r a d i s e


    ”
    , ,

    o f the Pa c i fi c D ec em b e r 1 9 22 , , .

    G e o rge C M u n ro A s s oc i a t e i O r n i th o l o gy ha s co n t i u e d his s u c c es s
    .
    , n ,
    n

    fu l s ea r c h fo r r a r e bi r d s H e o b s e rv e s th a t the n a t i v e f o r es t bi rd s o f
    .

    H a w a ii a r e s t ill thr i v i n g a n d so m e o f the s p e c i es a t l ea s t a pp ea r to b e , ,

    i n c r ea s i n g in n u m b e r .

    M a r i e C Ne a l A s s i st a n t M a l a c o l o g i s t c o n t i n ue d her l a b o r a t o r y w o rk
    .
    , ,

    o f pr e p a r i n g m a t e r i a l fo r s t u d y a n d o f a rr a n g i n g s p e c i m en s for ex c h a n g e .

    M u c h t i m e w a s g i v en to c a t a l ogi n g the Wil d e r co ll ec t i o n of Ha w a i i a n l a n d


    s h e ll s The fi e l d w o rk o f M i s s Nea l i n c l u d e d c o ll ec t i n g tr i p s to H a w a i i
    .

    a n d to the Wa i a n a e M ou n t a i ns o f O a h u I n c o n n ec t i on w i th he r i n v es t i .

    ga tio n s gr a d u a t e w o rk w a s d on e in the Un i v e r s i t y o f H a w a i i
    , .

    C a r l S k ottsb e rg D i rec t o r B o t a n i c a l G a rd en G oth en b u rg S w e d en


    , , , ,

    a n d B i s h o p M u s eu m F e ll o w fo r 1 9 22 2 3 s p e n t fo u r m o th s in a s t u d y -
    , n

    o f i n d i g e ou s Ha w a i i a n p l a t s w i th r e f e r e n c e to the g e e r a l s u bj ec t
    n n n

    o f p l a n t d i s t r i b u t i on in the Pa c i fi c C oll ec t i o n s o f m os s es h ep a t i c s a n d .
    , ,

    l i c h s w e re m a d e a n d d i s t r ib u t ed a m on g s p ec i a l i s t s fo r d e t e r m i n a t i on
    en .

    Dr S k otts b erg pr ep a r ed a m e mo r a n d u m o n th e pr esen t c o n d i t i on o f the


    .

    h e r b a r i um a n d on the p l a n s for its d e v el o pm en t .

    F L S t e ph en s P ro fes s o r o f B o t a ny Un i v e r s i t y o f I lli n oi s a n d B i s h
    . .
    , , ,

    o p Mu s eu m F el l o w fo r 1 9 2 1 22 r e p o rt s the p r a c t i ca l co m p l t i o n o f a ma n u -
    , e

    s c r i pt r e s u l t i n g fr o m fi el d s t u d
    y o f f u n g i o n the i s l a n d s o f Ha w a i i K a u a i , .

    O a h u a n d Ma u i, .

    J o h n F G S t ok es Eth n o l og i s t r et u r n e d to Hono l u l u in No v em b e r
    . .
    , , .

    a ft e r a tw o y e a r s a b s e n c e i the A u s tr a l I l a d s a s a m m b e r o f th e B a ya r d
    ’
    n s n e

    D o m i n i c k Ex p d i t i on H is p a rt i c u l a r fi el d w a s the i s l a n d s o f Ra p a
    e .
    .

    R u r u t u a n d Ra i v a v a e w h e r e the m a t e r i a l c u l t u r e a n d a rc ha elOgy w e r e
    , ,

    s t u d i e d a d a th r o p o m e tr i c a l d a t a c o ll ec t e d
    n n S om e t i m e w a s a l s o g i v en to .
    R e por t o f the D ir e c tor for 1 9 22 11

    T a h i t i R i m a t a ra a n d i s l a n d s in the ea s t e rn T u a m o t u s
    , , A b s tra c t s o f .

    s e l ec t e d p a rt s o f the pr el i m i n a ry r e p o rt o f M r S t o k es fo ll o w

    R
    .

    In u ru t u the d i a l e c t se e m s p h on e t i c a lly to b e th e m o s t e m a s c u l a t e d a mon g

    the P o l y n es i a n s The c on s on a n ts k a n d th e a s p i r a t es a r e l a ck i n g
    ‘ ’ ‘ ’
    ng

    R
    . .
    , ,

    In a pa th e m o rt u a ry c u s to m s h a v e s o m e i n te r es t i n g fea t u r e s in c o n n ec t i o n

    w i t h the d ry i n g o f b o d i es The s ep u l c he rs y i el d ed sp ec i m en s o f ga rm en t s on e o f
    R
    .
    ,

    w hi c h a fra g m en t o f the ea rly a p a d ress is in t ec hn iq ue i d en t i ca l w i t h the Ma o r i


    , ,

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    .
    , ,

    p r i m i t iv e e n gi n ee r i n g feat u re s S t o n e fi s h w e i r s a r e co mm on a n d on e o f the o l d .

    ma r a e ( t e m p l e s ) r e m a i n s The c l a n s o f fo rm e r t i m es s t i ll e x i s t b u t w i th m uc h
    R
    .
    ,

    i n te rm i xtu re La n d is c o mmu n a l w it h the c l a n The a p a c u st om s a r e i n t e res t i n g


    . .

    on a cc o u n t o f th e a b s e n c e o f ce r t a i n P o ly n es i a n fe a t u r e s It i s sa i d t ha t t he re .

    w e re n o ta tt oo i n g n o a w a d r i n k i n g n o fi s h p o i s on in g n o m at ma k i n g n o fea t he r
    , ,
    -
    ,
    -
    ,

    w o rk n o p igs a n d n o d o gs Ot he r Polyn e s i a n c ha ra ct e r i s t i c s b u t s l ig htly d ev el op ed


    ,
    ‘

    w e re t em p l es p r i est c ra ft v en e rat i on fo r ch i e fs k n owl e d g e o f g rea t Poly n es i a n


    , , ,

    he ro es a n d s t o n e p l a t fo rm s fo r hou s es The o r igi n a l d i a l e ct re t a i n e d th e k a n d


    ‘ ’
    , .

    ‘
    n g,
    ’
    b ut d r op p e d the
    ‘
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    ’

    R iv v
    .

    l ti f 38 d pr t ha s r f gr t p r e a a n ce o ea os

    tr g tr t w i t h R p Th m t r i l lt r h h g d t g r t r
    a a ae pp a p o pu a on o 0 an es en s an a

    p ity i
    er , n s on co n as a a . e a e a cu u e as c an e o a ea e

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    en l w h r i th A t r l G r p Th i l d h
    an e se e p i l i t r t
    e n e us a ou . e s an as a s ec a n e es on

    a ccou n t f it r h l gy M y l rg t e i m g h w
    o s a c t f d t f r m i d
    a eo o . an a e s on a es e n ou o re u a e a ne

    un t i l th d d 890 9 0 w h th y w r
    e eca t i t b i l d i g bl k f
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    h r h
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    an s a es or a en s o a es e e oun , e a es

    o f w hi h t d ig ht
    c d h l f f t b v gr
    s oo d Ab t i xty t mp l w r
    e an td a a ee a o e ou n . ou s e es e e no e

    d it i t i mp r b bl th t b t h dr d f th t bl i shm t w r f es a

    t i w r l f d Th R iv v
    an s no o a e a a ou on e un e o es e en s e e or

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    e W r tr t i th m
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    g l gi i d i t
    e n ea o mm es rigi f th hi f f th A tr l G r p I th
    n ca e a co on o n o e c e s o e us a ou . n e

    or igi l d i l t th P ly i k h d b pr
    ’
    d pp d th
    ‘ ‘ ’
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    an
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    ,

    or
    ‘ ’

    bt i d 3 3 i R r t
    , , .

    Phy i l m ur m t f 3 3 5 p pl w
    s ca ea s 3 i en s o eo e ere o a ne 1 11

    R R iv v
    —
    e n u u u, n

    apa , an d 89 in a a ae .

    The A tr l I l d r h v b
    c u s o ms t g tly m d ifi d t hr g h th i r
    of the us a s an e s a e e en r ea o e ou e

    c onv ri t Ch ri ti i ty by t iv m i i r i fr m th S i ty G r p Th
    e s on o s an na e s s on a es o e oc e ou . e

    l tt r t h m l v P ly i
    a e ,
    i mp d p th p p l
    e se T hit i
    es ivi l i z t i p rtl y
    o n es a n s , o se u on e eo e a a an c a on a

    m d ifi d by th
    o e l r t h i g f th w hi t m i s i r i fr m E gl d I th
    e s ec u a ea c n s o e e s on a es o n an . n e

    pr w hi h h b
    oces s , d r w y i 8
    c mp l x h b f rm d w h i h
    as ee n un e a s nc e 1 21 , a co e as een o e c

    m k i t xtr m ly d i ffi lt t d i ff r ti t A tr l I l d t h l gy fr m t h t f
    l R p rt f th Di r t r f 9 ; O P p r
    a es e e e cu o e en a e us a s an e no o o a o

    th S i ty G r p ( S l A 21
    ‘

    e oc e ou . ee a so nn u a e o o e ec o or 1 cc . a e s

    V ol . V I II , No .
    5 , pp . 206- 207 ,

    Lou i s R . S u lli v a n R e s ea r c h
    A s soc i a t e in A n thr o p o l o gy in c o op e ra , ,
    —

    t i on w i th the A m e r i c a n M u s eu m
    o f Na t u r a l H i s t o r y ha s c on t i n u e d his ,

    i n v es t i ga t i on s o f the ph y s i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f the Pa c i fi c r a c es D u r i n g .

    the y ea r the r es u l t s o f h is s t u d i e s on T o n ga n s o m a t o l o gy w e r p u bli s h e d e .

    ( See p A m a n u sc r i pt o n M a rqu es a n s om a t o l o gy w a s s u b m i tt e d
    .

    fo r p u bl i c a t i o n a n d c o n s i d e ra bl e pr ogr es s m a d e o n a s t u d y o f H a w a i i a n
    r a c i a l r e l a t i on s A p op u l a r a rt i c l e New li ght o n Po l yn es i a n r a c es w a s
    .
    ,
    “
    ,
    ”
    12 Be r n ce i P . B is ho p M us e u m —
    B ulle ti n

    pr e p a r ed fo r the J a n ua ry ( 1 9 2 3 ) n u m b e r o f A s i a I n s p ea k i n g o f M r . .

    S u lli v a n s w o rk w i th the B a y a r d D o m i n i c k E xp ed i t i on Ch a r l e s B D a v en
    '

    , .

    po rt D i r ec t o r o i the D e pa rt men t o f G e n et i c s C a r n eg i e I n s t i t u t e o f Wa s h
    , .

    i gt o n r e ma rk s I f e e l th a t S u ll i v a n s tw o c o n tr ib u t i o n s to Po l y n es i a n
    '

    n , .

    s o m a t o l og y h a v e a d v a ce d the s u bj ec t m o r e in o e y e a r th a n a l l the o th e r
    n n

    r es ea r ch es o f the p a st t w e t y fi v e yea r s n -
    .
    ”

    J oh n W T h om p so n P re p a r a t o r ha s m o d el e d e i ght een fi s h e s p a i n t ed
    .
    , , ,

    th i rt een fi sh s a n d th r ee ee l s a n d ha s pr e p a re d a d p a i n t e d c ra b a n d s ea
    e n s

    w ee d a c c e s s o r i es fo r u s e in a pr o j ec t e d m a r i n e gr ou p The y ea r s o f c o n .

    t a c t w h i c h M r T h om p s on ha s ha d w i th the m a rk et s w h il e s e l ect i n g fi s h e s
    .

    fo r the c o ll e c t i o n s h a v e p l a c e d him in a p o s i t i o n to a id M r Fo w l e r v e r y .

    c o n s i d e r a bl y in hi s s t u d i e s o n the fi s h c o l l e c t i o n s I t i s l a rg el y to hi s .

    c r e d i t th a t the Ha w a i i a n fi s h f a u n a is s o r e m a rk a bl y w ell r epr esen t e d in

    the M u s eu m s pr e s e rv e d m a t e r i a l a s w e l l a s in the e x c e ll en t s e r i es o f
    ’
    ,

    m o d el s .

    T h om a s G T h r u m A s s o c i a t e in H a w a ii a n F o l k l o r e c o m p l e t e d th e
    . , ,

    G eo gra ph i c p l a c e n a m e s fo r the r e v i s i on o f A n dre w s Ha w a i i a n D ic ’

    t io n a r v ( S ee p H e a l so m a d e a c r i t i c a l a n a l y s i s o f the f o rt y two -
    . .

    m a n u s c r i pt s in th e Poe p o e C o ll ec t i on a n d a tr a n s l a t i o n o f Ka m a k a u s h is
    ’

    t o ry o f Ka m a hem eha w h i c h a pp ea r ed o r i g i n a ll y in the Ka Nu p ep a Ku ok oa


    .

    in 1 866 1 8 7 1 -
    P ro gr es s w a s m a d e in a s t u d y o f the s t a r l o r e o f the a n c i en t
    .

    H a w a ii a n s e s p ec i a ll y w i th r e fe r en c e to n a v i ga t i o n
    ,
    .

    S t e ph en S V i s h e r B i s h o p M u s eu m F e ll o w fo r 1 9 2 1 2 2 r e t u r n e d to
    .
    ,
    ,
    —
    .

    his d u t i e s a s P r o f es s o r o f G eo gr a ph y Un i v e r s i t y o f I n d i a n a a ft e r a fi el d , ,

    t r i p to H on o l u l u Fij i Ma n il a H o n gk on g S h a n gh a i K ob e a n d T oky o
    . , , , . , .

    P r ogr e s s w a s m a d e in the pr ep a r a t i o n o f a m on ogr a ph on th e t r o p i c a l


    c yc l o n e s o f th e Pa c i fi c a n d th e i r e ff ec t s Tw o Pa p e r s T r o p i c a l c y c l on es “
    —
    .

    in A u s tr a l i a a n d th e S o u th P a c i fi c a n d I n d i a n O c e a n s T r op i c a l
    ”
    and

    c yc l o n es in the No rth e a s t P a c i fi c b e t w e en H a w a i i a n d M e x i c o w e re p u b ,

    l is h ed in the M on th l y Wea th e r R ev i e w ( V o l 5 0 1 9 22 pp 2 88 .
    , .

    I n a dd i t i o n to he r w o rk a s G u i d e to E x h ibi t s a n d h o s t es s to a n e v e n
    l a rg e r n u m b e r o f v i s i t o r s t h a n in 1 9 2 1 M r s La h il a h i Webb g a v e l ec t u r es . .

    to m a n y c l a s s e s o f s c h oo l c h il dr en S he w a s o f i n v a l u a bl e s e rv i c e in e d i t
    .

    i n g the H a w a ii a n D i c t i o n a ry a n d to m e m b e r s o f the s t a ff in th ei r s t u d i es
    o f Ha w a i i a n l o r e I n the e xh ibi t i o n h a l l s s he ha s b een a bl y as s i s t e d b y
    .

    M i s s A n n a H0 .

    G e rr i t P Wil d e r A s soc ia t e in B ot a n y ha s a d d e d v a l u a bl e s p ec i m en s
    .
    , ,

    to the M u s e u m c o ll ec t i o n a n d con t i n ue d his w o rk o f pr o v i d i n g c o rr ec t

    l a b e l s fo r the c a s t s o f fr u i t s in th e e xh ibi t i o n h a l l s H is k n ow l e dg e o f .

    the H a w a ii a n B i rd R e s e r v a t i o n ha s b e en u t ili z e d in p l a n n i n g a n ex p e d i
    t i o n fo r the c o m i n g yea r .
    14 B er n ice -
    P . B is hop M u s e um —
    B ul l e ti n

    The na t iv e cu lt r u e in the Ma r q uesa s . by E . S . C ra gh ill Han d y .

    A s ud t y o f the nat iv e cu lt u re in the M a rq u e s a s b a sed r igi l r r h


    on o na e sea c

    ri g
    du i m n th r id a n ne on s
    ’
    es e n ce , s u pp e m en e d l t by k no wl d g d r iv d fr m
    e e e e o

    p i t d r d p bl i h ed ma n u s c i p s r t
    R vi
    r n e s ou c es an un u s .

    A DI I ON RY O TH E H W II N L
    CT A F A A A A NG U AG E Lo by rr i A d r w
    , n n e s, e sed by H ry en
    H P rk r . P bl i h d f
    a th e . u s e or e B oa rd f C mm i i r o o s s on e s of Pu bl i Ar hiv
    c c es .

    ( See p .

    T AB LE o r C N ENT N I N E F O I N I P E S VO U M E V I II
    O T S A D D X OR CC A S O A . AP R , L .

    The fo llo w i n g p a p e r s a re in the h a n d s o f the Pu bl i ca t i o n C omm i tt ee


    o r o f the E d i t o r :

    Th m t ri l
    e a e lt r f th t iv
    a cu f th M rq
    u e o I l d by R l ph L i t
    e na es o e a u es a s s an s, a n on

    T g Myt h
    on an d T l by Ed w rd Wi l w G i f rd
    s an a es , a ns o a

    T g Pl N m by Ed w rd W i l w G i f rd
    l m t by R th H G r i r
    on an a ce a es , a ns o a

    P lyo i
    n es a nd ig es n e e en s , u . e ne

    E rl y r f r H w ii E t m l gy b y J F I ll i g w rt h
    l g d by Wi ll i m H R i
    a t
    e e en c e s o a a an n o o o , . . n o

    H w ii
    a a an e en s, a . ce

    P a p e r s in p r e p a r a t i o n i n c l u d e the fo ll o w i n g
    A n h l gi l
    a rc ae o d t h l gi l ca rv y f L i by K
    an e t h P Em ry
    no o ca su e o ana , en n e . o

    Th m r i e a h ll b r i g M ll
    ne s e d B
    -
    h ip d
    ea f th
    n H w ii I l
    o d by
    u sca an rac o a o e a a an s an s .

    W i ll i m H l y D ll a ea e a

    A i t rp r t t iv
    n n e t d y f th l igi
    e a e f th P l y
    s u i p pl by E S C igh ill
    o e re on o e o n es a n eo e, . . ra

    H dy an
    T g
    on an i ty d r l igi
    s oc e by Ed w rd Wi l w G ilf d
    an e on , a ns o ar

    T g m t ri l lt r d r h l gy b y W C M K
    t h r p l gy b y L i R S ll iv
    on an a e a cu u e an a c a eo o , . . c e rn

    St d i
    u i H w ii
    es n a a an an o o o , ou s . u an
    H w ii
    a a f gi by F L S t v
    an un , . . e en s

    A t ti t i l
    s a s ly i f P t l f G m d M ri s i l d by H ry E
    ca ana s s o ar u a o ua an a ana s an s. en .

    Cr mpt a on

    G l gy
    eo o f K i by N rm E A H i d
    o a ua , o an . . n s
    A t dy s u f H w ii o pl t w it h r f r
    a a t pl
    an t d i t i b ti i th P ifi by
    an s e e en ce o an s r u on n e ac c,
    C rl S k tt b g
    a o s er

    A t d y f H w ii fi h by H ry W F wl r
    s u o a a an s es , en . o e

    Fl f th M rq I l d s by F r t B H B r w
    i by R b rt T A i tk
    o ra O e a u es a s s an , o es . . o n
    Et h l gyno o f T b o u ua , o e . en
    A t dy f H w ii D i pt r by Ed w i H B ry Jr
    t h l gi l rv y f R p by J h F G St k
    s u o a a an e a, n . an , .

    A
    R p rt f th D i r t r f 9
    n e no o ca su e o a a, o n . . o es

    e o o e ec o or 1 22

    I n the M u s eu m p u bli c a t i on s th r e e c h a n g e s h a v e b een m a d e : ( 1 ) the


    b oo k s a n d p a mph l et s h e r e t o fo r e l i s t ed a s M i sc e ll a n eou s Pu bl i c a t i on s h a v e
    b e c om e S p ec i a l P u bl i c a t i on s ( 2 ) the s e r i es o f Oc ca s i on a l p a p e r s w ill b e ,

    d i s co t i n u e d a ft e r the com p l et i o n o f V o l u m e V I I I ( 3 ) a n e w s e r i e s to b e
    n ,

    k no w n a s B u l l e t i n s ha b een es t a bl i s h ed No c h a n ge is con t emp l a t e d in


    s .

    the M e m oi r s .

    D u r i n g the yea r 1 89 4 n u m b e r s o f the M e m o i r s w e r e d i s tr ib u t ed in


    , ,

    c l u d i n g 3 0 c o m p l e t e s et s ; o f O c c a s i o n a l P a p e r s
    3 78 2 i n c l u d i n g 1 3 c om ,

    p l te s e t s ; o f S p e c i a l Pu bl i c a t i on s 9 0 3 i nc l u d i n g 22 co mp l e t e s e t s o f
    e .

    F a u n a Ha w a iie n s is The r eg u l a r d i s tr ib u t i on o f p u bl i ca t i on s a t t i m e o f
    .

    i s s u e ha s v a r i e d fr om 3 1 7 to 4 6 1 .
    R epor t o f the D ir ec to r for 1 9 22 15

    To r e gu l a r e x c h a n ge li s t w h i c h n ow n u m b e r s 1 84 the f o ll o w i n g
    the

    n a m es h a v e b ee n a dd e d : A ca d e my o f Sc i en ce o f S t Lou i s ; M r Perc y . .

    S A ll e n Ed i t o r o f Pa c i fi c I s l a n d s H a n d b oo k ; A s i a Pu bli s h i n g C o mp a n y ;
    .
    ,

    Au c k l a n d Pu bl i c L ib r a ry A rt G a ll e ry a d O ld C o l o n i s t s M u s eu m ;
    ,
    n
    ’

    A u s tr a l i a n C en tra l Wea th e r B u r ea u ; B o t a n i ca l S u rv ey o f Sou th A fr i c a


    C o l o ra d o C o ll eg e ; D o v e Ma r i n e La bo ra to ry ; F ol k Lo r e Soc i et y ; F o r -

    m o sa n Go v e r n men t R esea r ch I n s t i t u t e ; M a t s on Na v i ga t i on C om p an y ;
    M e xi c o D ir ec c io n d e Es t u d i o s B io logic e s ; Pa c i fi c B i o l o g i ca l S t a t i o n ;
    P h ili pp i n e B u r ea u o f Agr i c u l t u r e ; Po m o a C o ll e ge ; P r i n c e t o n U n i v e r s i t y n

    L ib r a r y ; R oya l G eo gr a ph i c a l S o c i e t y ; R oya l S oc i e t y o f L o n d on ; R oy a l
    So c i e t y o f T a s ma n i a ; S c r i pp s I n s t i t u t i on for B i o l o g i c a l R e s ea rc h ; S o
    c ie d a d e B r a s il e i r a d e S c ien c ia s ; T ra n s v a a l M u s eu m ; L ib r a ry U S D e , . .

    n t o f Agr i cu l t u r e
    pa r tm e .

    The c o n tr a c t to p r i t the p u bli c a t i o n s o f the M u s eu m w h i c h t e r m i


    n ,

    n a fe d Ap r i l 1 ha s b e e n r e a w a rd e d to the H o n o l u l u S t a r B u ll e t i n L i m i t e d
    ,
    - -
    ,
    .

    B y v o t e o f the T r us t ees the M us eu m s t a ff ha s u n d e rt a k en the p r ep a r a


    t i o n o f a Ha n d b oo k d e c r i pt i v e o f the c oll ec t i on s in the e x h i b i t i on ha ll s a n d
    s

    o f a p a mph l e t c on t a i n i n g a s k e t c h o f the h i s t o r y sc o p e a n d p o li c y o f the , ,

    i n s t i t u t i on .

    S PE C I A L T O P I C S

    E X P EDITI O N S

    Du r i n g the firs t ten y ea r s o f the M u s eu m a c t i v i t i es n o sy s t em a t i c fi el d ,

    e x p l o r a t i on a pp ea r s to h a v e b een u n d e rt a k en b y the s t a f f The T r u s t ees .


    ,

    h o w e v e r e a r l y r ec og n i z e d the d e s i r a bil i t y of b u il d i n g u p e x t en s i v e c o ll ee
    ,

    t i on s w h i c h m i ght se rv e a s ba s i s fo r sc i en t i fic s t u d y T h e i r lib e r a l fi n a n c i a l .

    s u pp o rt w a s g i v e n fo r a c o m pr e h e n s i v e s t u d y o f the l a n d f a u n a o f H a w a i i

    ( 1 89 2 1 9 0 1 ) a s r i es of i n v es t i g a t i on s w h i c h r es u l t e d in the p u bl i ca t i on o f
    - —
    e

    F a u a Ha w a iien s is n o t a bl e a li k e for its sc i en t i fi c v a l u e a d for its d em on


    n ,
    n

    s tr a tion o f the a dv a n t a g e o f c o o p e r a t i o n -
    .

    I n his r e p o rt fo r 1 899 the D i r ec t o r e xpr ess e d the h op e th a t s t u d i es


    s i m il a r to th o s e r e p r es en t e d b
    y F a u na Ha w a iien s is m i ght b e e x t en d e d to
    r eg i on s ou t s i d e o f the Ha w a i i a n I s l a n d s I n re s p on se to th i s s u gges t i on .

    pr o v i s i on w a s m a d e in 1 900 fo r a s t u d y o f the bi rd s a n d fi sh es o f Gu a m
    b y A l v i n S ea l e w h i c h r e s u l t ed in l a rg e a dd i t i on s to the M u seu m c o ll ee
    ,

    t i o s ( S e e Re p o rt o f a m i s s io to G u a m : O c c Pa p e r s V o l 1 p 1 7
    n n .
    , .
    , .

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    Ma r c u s I s l a n d a n d tw o d a y s on M i d w a y I s l a n d m a k i n g c o ll ec t i o n s w h i c h
    le d to the p u bl i c a t i o A mo n o gr a ph o f M a r c u s I sl a n d ( O cc P a p e r s
    “ ”
    of n .

    I I No 1 p 7 7 1 39 1 9 0 3 ) a n d A r e p o rt o f a v i s i t to M i d w a y I s l a n d
    ,
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    ( O cc Pa p e r s I I No 4 pp 3 7 4 5 On M r S ea l e s r e t u r n fr o m
    ’
    -
    .
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    , .

    G ua m his se rv i c es w e r e a ga i n o b t a i n ed for a n e x p e d i t i o n to the S ou th


    16 Be r n ice P . B is ho p M us e n n t —
    B n ll e tm

    Pa c i fi c w h i c h ha d fo r its
    ,
    pr i m a r y p u rpo s e the c o l l ec t io n o f fi sh es D u r i n g .

    the p e r i o d No v em b e r 9 1 9 00 to S ept e m b e r 2 1 1 9 03 v i s i t s w e r e m a d e b y
    , , ,

    M r S e a l e to the S oc i et y M a rq u es a s T ua m o t u G a m bi e r A u s tr a l New
    .
    , , , , ,

    H e b r i d es a n d S o l o m o n i s l a n d gr o u p s a n d 1 5 5 0 s p ec i m e n s r e pr e sen t i n g 3 75
    s p ec i es o f fi s h es w e r e o b t a i n e d ( S ee Fi s h es o f the S o u th Pa c i f i c : O c c
    . .

    Pa p e r s V o l IV No 1 pp 3 89 1 906 )
    , .
    , .
    ,
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    ,

    D u r i n g ea c h yea r o f the p e r i o d 1 909 1 9 1 3 Ch a r l e N F o r b es B o t a -


    s .
    ,

    n is t ,
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    p l o r a t i o n on K a u a i Ma u i Ha w a i i M olo k a i
    a n d La n a i ( 1 9 1 3 ) a n d in 1 9 1 3 M r C o o k e ma d e a n e x c u r s i on to Pa l m y r a.

    Is l a n d . Wi th th e s e e x c ept i on s fi e l d w o rk d u r i n g the p e r i o d 1 903 1 9 1 9


    ,
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    a pp ea r s to h a v c on s i s t e d o f s h o rt tr i p s b y m e m b e r s o f the s t a f
    e f fo r the
    p u rp o s e o f i n c r ea s i n g the c o ll ec t i on s a n d to proc u r e d a t a n ee d ed in the
    p r e p a r a t i on o f m a n usc r i pt fo r p u bli ca t i o n .

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    , s

    M us eu m ha v e b een a c q u i r e d c h i e fl y b y gi ft a n d p u r c h a s e a n d th a t m u c h
    o f the v a l ua bl e m a t e r i a l c o n t r ib u t e d b y m e m b e r s o f the s t a f f h a s b ee n
    g a th e r e d i n c i d en t a ll y a n d ot i n fr eq u en t l y in v a c a t i on p e r i o d s a d a t the
    n n

    e x p en s e o f th e co ll ec t o r .

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    un ci t i fi c i v e s t i ga t i n
    s or s en n o

    a r e to b e c o n t i n u o u l y o b t a i n e d th r ou gh the m e th o d s h e r e t o f o r e u t i l i z e d
    s .

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    in the n u m b e r o f the f r i e n d s o f the M u seu m ; b u t m o s t o f the d es i ra bl e
    pr i v a t e c oll ec t i on s h a v e a l r ea dy fou n d a p e r m a n en t p l a c e in the h a ll s o f
    s c i en t i fi c i n s t i t u t i on s a n d m i s ce ll a n eou s co ll ec t i on s re s u l t i n g from b r i e f
    ,

    fi e l d t r i p s w ill n o t s e rv e the n ee d s o f i n v e s t i ga to r s d ea l i n g w i th the e x


    p a n d i n g p ro bl e m s w i th i n the sc op e o f the a c t i v i t i es o f the M u s eu m .

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    n

    c om e c h i e fl y fr o m d e fi n i t e l y o rg a n iz e d fi e l d w o rk b y the s t a f f fr o m e x ,
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    ,
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    e x p l o ra t i o n .

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    d o pt e d o f m a k i n g ha s b ee n a

    s y s t e m a t i c fi el d s u rv ey s in a n thr o p o l o
    gy b o t a n y a n d z o o l o g y u n d e r a r , , ,

    r a ge m en t s w h i c h pr ov i d e t i m e a n d f u n d s fo r the c o mp l e t i on o f the
    n

    p ro j ec t in h a n d ( S ee Re p o rt o f the D i r ect o r fo r 1 9 1 9 : Oc c Pa p e r s
    . . .

    V o l V I I No 8
    .
    , The r e s u l t s h a v e b ee n s a t i s f a c t o r y
    .
    , Du ri n g 19 1 9 .

    a b ot a n i c a l su rv ey o f ea s t M a u i a n d a s t u d y o f the a n c i en t a s yl u m o f
    r e fu g e a t Ho n a u a u w e r e co m p l et ed D u r i g 1 9 20 a n e th n o l o g i c a l s u rv ey
    n . n

    o f H a l ea k e la w a s c o m p l et e d a d the fi e l d w o rk o f the B a ya rd D o m i n i c k
    ,
    n

    E x p e d i t i o n b e ga n a s e r i e s o f i n v es t i ga t i o n s w h i c h c n t i n u e d th r o u gh
    —
    , o
    18 Be r n ice P . B is hop M n s en m m
    B u IIe tin
    -

    The m m i tt ee in c h a rge o f the e x p e d i t i on ha s fo rm u l at ed its p l a n s


    co

    a n d c on d uc t e d its fi e l d o p e r a t i on s w i th a v i e w so l e l y to the a dv a n c e m en t

    o f s c i en t i fi c r e s e a r c h in the Pa c i fi c To q u o t e fr om the r e p o rt o f D r . .

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    o a n es a e a e a an f i a a p rt i l rly t
    n o e an c es o s c en c e , a cu a a

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    Wi th t hi b j t i m i d
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    a re a e n a e d i ti
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    o no n e e e e a n o ec s , o o e an s o a on en e e

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    e a u esa s s ou a an ea s a o e us a ou

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    ens e e c an e o rr g d d th M
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    r iv d fr m H l l
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    n ea co e e se xt i t D r p i d i d
    es o e w ll
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    i t r t i g d p l i r b i r d f th r h i p l g
    n e es n an e cu a s o e a c e a o .

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    r e ma rk a bl e z o ol o g i c a l a n d geo gr a ph i ca l r e s u l t s to b e a n t i c i p a t e d Mo r e .

    th a n th ree th ou s a n d bi r d s k i n s w i th r e pr esen t a t i v e c oll ec t i on s o f n es t s egg s ,

    a n d s t o m a c h s h a v e b ee n o b t a i n e d : b o t a n i ca l z o ol og i c a l a n d eth n ol og i c a l ,

    m a t e r i a l ha b e e n g a th e r e d a t m a n y i s l a n d s ; a d a m a s s o f g eo gr a ph i c in
    s n

    f o rm a t i o n ha s b een r ec o rd e d .

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    b e l t a r e fo r the m o s t p a rt s p ec i fi c a ll y a n d g en e r i c a ll y d i t i c t fr o m th o s e in s n

    o u th e r n h o r s e l a t i t u d e s a n d th a t ea c h l a rg e i n su l a r gr ou p a n d
    “
    th e s

    e v en so m e s m a l l i s l e t s h a v e d i s t i c t i v e s p ec i es S e v e r a l o f the s p ec i e s o f
    n .

    bi r d co l l ec t e d h a v e b e en h e re t o fo r e l i s t e d a s ex t i nc t
    s .

    I NVESTI G ATI O N S iN TH E S OC I ETY I S LA N DS

    E xt en s i v e r e s ea rc h es i the Ma rq u es a s a n d the A u s tr a l I sl a n d s a n d
    n ,

    r ec on n a i s s ance s t u d i e s in T a h i t i i n d i c a t e the n ee d o f f u ll e r k n o w l e dg e o f
    R epor t o f the D irec to r for 1 9 22 19

    th e i s l a n d s l y i n g w es t w a r d F r om the S oc i ety I s l a n d s in p a rt i cu l a r m o r e
    .

    pr ec i s e i n fo rm a t i on is n ee d e d of the phys i ca l c h a r a c t e r s o f the p eo p l e o f ,

    the s eq u en c e o f the o v e r l a pp i n g i mm i gr a t i on s a n d the c u l t u r a l d i ff e r en ces


    in the n a t i v e p o p u l a t i on s o f v a r i o u s i s l a n d s o f the gr ou p .

    To m ee t th i s n ee d pr o v i s i o n ha s b ee n m a d e fo r u n d e rt a k i n g a n e th n o
    l o g i c a l s u rv ey by a p a rt y c o n s i s t i n g o f E S Cr a ighil l Ha n d y Eth n o l o gi s t . .
    ,

    Willo w d ea n C Ha n dy A s s oc i a t e in Po l yn es i a n F ol k w a ys ; a n d M i s s J a n e
    .
    ,

    VVin n e V o l u n t ee r A s s i s t a n t w ho w ill d e vo t e he r t i m e to r ec o r d i n g n a t i v e
    , ,

    mu s i c . Loc a l fi el d a s s i s t a n t s w il l b e a dd e d to the p a rt y F or c o mp a r a .

    t i v e s t u d i es M r Ha n dy w ill v i s i t the i s l a n d s o f U p o l u V a v a u H a a p a i
    Z
    .
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    ,
    .

    FA N N I N G I S L A N D EX P ED ITI O N

    S t u d i es pr ogr es s on the d i s tr ib u t i on an d r el a t io n s h i p o f c er
    n ow in
    t a i n o rga n i s m s h a v e m a d e i t d es i ra bl e to i n v es t i g a t e the fa u n a a n d fl o r a
    o f Fa n n i n g I s l a n d w h i c h li e s in La t i t u d e 3 5 4 No rth The i s l a n d li e s 0— ’
    .

    ou t s i d e o f the r ou t e s o f c om m e r c i a l s t ea m s h i p li ne s b u t is v i s i t e d a t i n t e r ,

    v a l s b y c o pr a sc h oo n e r s a n d b y the s u pp l y s h i p o f the Pa c i fic C a bl e B oa rd
    Wi th the a ppr ov a l o f M r J M il w a r d Pa c i fi c M a n a ge r o f the Pa c i fi c
    . .
    ,

    C a bl e B oa rd a n i n v i t a t i on w a s r ec e i v e d fr om C a pt a i n M M en m u i r to
    ,
    .

    m a k e u se o f his s h i p the T a n ga r o a fo t r a n s p o rt i g m en a n d e q u i p
    ”
    , ,
    r n

    m en t to F a n n i n g I s l a n d The i n v i t a t i o n w a s gr a t e f u l l y a c c ept ed a d
    . n

    S t a n l ey C B a ll a n d Ch a r l es H Ed m o n d so n w e r e c h osen to r e pr ese n t the


    . .

    Mu s eu m .

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    on the , . .

    p ita l ity o f the F a n n i n g I s l a n d S t a t i on o f the C a bl e B oa r d a n d o f the


    c o pr a c o mp a n y F a n n i n g I s l a n d L i m i t ed At the s t a t i on S u p e r i n t en d e n t
    , .
    ,

    T R B l a c k l ey D ep u t y C omm i s s i on e r M r J o h n son M r Wa l k e r M r a n d
    . .
    , .
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    , .

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    .
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    ,
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    , . .

    oth e r s r en d e r e d g en e r ou s a s s i s t a n c e S u p e r i n t en d en t A R F o s t e r o f the
    . . .

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    , .
    ,

    e q u i p m en t M r Willi a m Gr e i g s e rv e d a s h o s t a n d w i th M r H u gh Gr e i g
    . .
    .

    fu r n i s h e d a n a t i v e b oa t c r e w i n c l u d i n g the i n t e lli gen t gu i d e K ot u k u , .

    T h e i r i n t i m a t e kn o w l edg e o f the i s l a n d a n d o f Po l yn es i a n l a n g u a g es a n d
    c u s t o m s w a s the s ou r c e o f v a l u a bl e i n f o r m a t i on r eg a r d i n g the n a m e s a n d

    d i s tr ib u t i on o f p l a n t s an d a n i m a l s .

    The c o ll e c t i o n s ob t a i n e d a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d i n c l u d e m a r i n e a n d te r
    r e s tr a il c r us t a c ea n s m o ll u s k s e c h i n o d e r m s i n s ec t s a n d o th e r i n v e rt e b r a t e s
    , , , ,

    a n d a l so s k i n s o f l a n d a n d s ea bi rd s a n d a r ep r es en t a t i v e s e r i e s o f p l a n t s .

    Ma n y of the z oo l og i c a l s p ec i m en s c o n s t i t u t e n e w r eco rd s fo r th a t p a rt of
    th e Pa c i fi c .
    20 Be r n ce i P . B is ho p M n s en m —
    B ulleti n

    S u pp l em e n t i n g the r e s ea r c h e s
    Fa n n i n g Is l a n d the Mu seu m ha s at ,

    p r o fit e d thr ou gh the gen e r o s i t y o f


    M r L A T h u r s t on w ho in c o mp a n y . . .
    ,

    w i th M r D a v i d Tha a n u m a n d Mr V a s co n c e ll os c o n d u c t ed a s u rv ey o f
    . .
    ,

    Pa l my r a I s l a n d l y i n g th r e e h u n dr e d m il e s n o rth w e s t o f F a n n i n g I s l a n d
    , .

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    fro m the Pa l my ra r eg i o n ; some a r e n e w to sc i en c e .

    R ECO N N A i S S A N C E OF TH E NA P A L I C OA ST K AUA I ,

    The Na p a l i d i s tr i c t on the i sl a n d
    K a u a i i n c l u d i n g the v a ll eys o f
    of ,

    Nu a l o l o A w a w a p u h i a n d H o n o pu is p e c u li a r l y d i ffi c u l t o f a cc e s s
    , , ,
    Its .

    s ea w a rd m a rg i n is f o r m e d b y p r ec ep itiou s w a v e c u t c l i ff s a n d i n l a n d the
    -

    a r ea is s h a rp l y d i s s ec t e d i n t o b o x h ea d e d c a n yo n s a n d k n i fe e dge r i dges
    ” “
    - -
    .

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    “
    —

    at H o n o p u the Ka m a ile c l i ff t r a il a n d the r o p e l a d d e r a t Nu a l o l o b e a c h


    . ,

    i s a v a il a bl e o n l y to e x p e r i en c e d c li m b e r s .

    I n f o rm a t i o n o b t a i n e d fr o m H a w a i i a n s a n d fr om the fe w w h i t e m en
    w ho h a v e v i s i t e d th e s e v a ll ey s i n d i c a t e d th a t the i rr i g a t i o n s y s t em s h ou s e ,

    p l a t fo r m s b u r i a l c a v e s a n d oth e r e v i d en ce s o f fo rm e r occu p a t i on h a v e b een


    ,

    u n d i s t u r b e d a n d th a t a n u n u s u a l o pp o rt u n i t y w a s a ff o r d e d fo r a s t u d y

    o f a n c i en t H a w a i i a n l i f e Arra n g e m en t s w e r e th e r e fo r e m a d e fo r a p r e
    .

    l i m i n a ry e x p l o r a t i on o f Nu a l o l o A w a w a pu hi Hon o pu a n d K a l a l a n v a l
    , ,

    l ey s a ten d a y s r ec on n a is s a n c e w h i c h ha s r ev ea l e d m uc h o f i n t e re s t
    —
    ’
    fl —

    in a r c h a elogy a n d n a t u r a l h i s t o r y B y s el ec t i n g f ea s ibl e tr a i l s a n d r ec on
    .

    s tr u c tin g th e a n c i en t r o p e l a d d e r the w a y ha s b een pr e p a r ed for a


    ,

    s y s t e m a t i c i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f th i s li tt l e k n o w n r e g i o n .

    T h i s e x p l o r i n g e x p ed i t i on w a s m a d e p o s s ibl e thro u gh the s k ill a n d


    e n th u s i a s t i c i n t e r e s t o f Li n d s a
    y A F a v e Lo rr i n P T h u r s t o n He r m a n
    .
    , . ,

    V o n H o lt a n d R o n a l d V o n Ho l t
    , .

    C OL LECTI O N S F R O M GU A M
    The x i s t en ce o f m o n o li th i c r u i n s o n the i s l a n d o f Tiii ia n ha s b ee
    e n

    k n ow n fo r a c e n t u r y a d s i m i l a r o bj ec t s h a v e fr o m t i me to t i m e b een
    , n

    r ep o rt d fr o m Ro t a a n d fr om G u a m b u t th e fe w s l i n g s t o es a n d o th e r
    e ,
    n

    a rt i f a c t s w h i c h h a v e f o u n d th e i r w a
    y to m u s e u m s a n d the b r i e f d es c r ip
    t io n s s c a tt e r e d thro u gh the l i t e r at u r e h a v e g i v e n l i tt l e i n d i ca t i on of the
    r i c h n e s s o f th o s e i s l a d s a s fi el d s fo r a r c h ea logica l S t u d y T h ro u gh the
    n .

    gen e r os i ty o f C omma n d e r J C T h o m p s o n o f the Un i t ed S t a t es Na v a l


    . .
    ,

    H os p i t a l Lt H G Ho r b o s t e l o f the M u s eu m s ta fl w a s g i v e the o p
    , . . . n n

    po r tu ity to u n d e rt a k e a s y s t e m a t i c e x p l o r a t i o n o f G u a m w i th a v i e w to
    n
    ,

    o b t a i i g i n f o r m a t i o n r e g a r d i g a n a c i e t p eo p l e w h o s e p o s i t i o n in the
    n n n n n

    gr o u p o f Pa c i fi c r ac es r e ma i n s to b e d et e rm i n e d A s the r es u l t o f th i s .
    B e r n ic e P . B is hop M its e n Iii — B ulletin

    a pp roa c h e s s ol u t i on to the e xt en t th a t o r i gi n a l ph ys i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s m a y
    b e c o rr e l a t e d w i th o r i g i n a l c u l t u r a l el em en t s .

    A l th ou gh the res u l t s o b t a i n ed by the m e m b e r s o f the B aya rd D o m i n i c k


    Ex p ed i t i on h a v e no t a s y et b een s u bj e c t e d to c r i t i c a l a n a l ys i s a n d co m
    p a r i son som e i n t e r es t i n g g en er a l c on c l u s i on s h a v e b een r ea c h ed
    ,
    .

    The Po l y n es i a n p o p u l a t i o n c o n s i s t s o f a t l ea s t tw o b a s i c e l e m en t s
    a n d the f a il u r e to r eco gn iz e th e m a pp e a r s to a c c ou n t for th e w i d e d i v e r s i t y

    o f O p i n io n r eg a rd i n g o r i g i n a n d a ffi n i t i es Of the Pa c i fi c r a c es .

    Typ e A w h i c h m a y b e c o n s i d e r ed Po l yn es i a n pr op e r is a C a uca s o i d
    , ,

    e l e m e n t w i th ph ys i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n t e rm e d i a t e b e t w ee n s om e Ca u s a s ia n s

    a n d s om e M o n g ol s I t m a y pr o v e to b e a v e r y p r i m i t i v e Ca u sa s ia n ty p e
    .

    r el a t ed to the ea r l i e s t i n h a bi t a t s o f M i c r o n e i a M el a n e s i a In d o n e s i a a n d
    n s , . ,

    to the A i n o o f J a p a n a n d to s o m e p r i m i t i v e A m e r i c a n s I t is pr o b a bl y .

    the o l d e s t ty p e in cen tr a l a n d ea s t e r n P ac i fi c a n d occ u p i e d a l l the Pol y


    n es ia n i s l a n d s At p re sen t i t is s tron g es t in s ou th e r n Pol ynes i a
    . .

    The c h a r a c t e r i s t i c f ea t u r e s o f Ty p e A a re ( 1 ) t a ll s t a t u r e ( 2 ) ,

    m o d e r a t e l y l o n g h ea d s ( 3 ) r e l a t i v e l y h i gh n a rr o w f a ce s ( 4 ) r el a t i v e l y
    , , ,

    h i gh n a rro w n oses ( 5 ) s tr a i ght o r w a v y bl a c k h a i r o f m ed i u m t ex t u re


    , , ,

    ( 6 ) w e l l d e v el op e d m ou s t a c h e a n d mo d e ra t e b ea rd on the c h i n ( 7 )
    —
    ,

    m o d e ra t e a mou n t o f h a i r o n the b o dy a n d li m b s ( 8 ) l i ght b ro w n S k i n ( 9 ) , ,

    i n c i s o r r im p r esen t occa s i o a ll y ( 1 0 ) f em u r fl a tt en e d ( 1 1 ) t ibi a fl a tt en ed


    n , , ,

    ( 1 2 ) u l n a fl a tt ened ( 1 3 ) l i p s a b o v e a v e ra g e in th i c k n es s
    , .

    Ty p e B is the I n d on es i a n e l emen t t y p i ca ll y d ev el o p e d in the r eg i on


    o f the C e l eb es I t is a M on go l o i d t y p e b u t u n li k e the M a l a y i s s t ron g l y
    .
    ,

    d i v e rgen t in the d i r ec t i o n o f the Ne gr o H yb r i d s o f T yp e A a n d T y p e B


    .

    a r e m uc h m o r e M o n go l o i d in a pp ea r a n c e th a n is e i th e r o f the p a r en t a l

    t y p es Ty p e B is s tr on ges t in n o rth e r n a n d c en tra l Pol y n es i a


    . .

    The e s s en t i a l ph y s i c a l c h a ra c t e r i s t i c s o f T y p e B a re : ( 1 ) s h o rt e r
    st a t u re ( 2 ) s h o rt e r h e a d s ( 3 ) lo w b roa d f a c e s ( 4 ) lo w b roa d n os es
    , , , , , ,

    ( 5 ) w a v i e r h a i r ( 6 ) u n d e v e l o p ed b ea rd ( 7 ) b o d y h a i r r a r e e x c ept on
    , ,

    the l e g s ( 8 ) d a rk e r b r o w n S k i n ( 9 ) i n c i so r r i m r a re
    , , ( I I ) ( 12) , ,

    fe m u r t ibi a a d u l n a l es s fl a tt e e d ( d a t a m ea ge r r e su l t s i n f e rr ed ) ( I 3 )
    , n n , ,

    l i p s w ell a b o v e the a v e r a ge in th i c k n es s .

    Typ e A P o l yn es i a n a d Ty p e B I n d on es i a n a r e n o t c l o el y r el a t ed
    , ,
    n , , s

    in a ph y s i c a l s e n s e .

    A th i rd el em en t in the Po l yn es i a n p o p u l a t i o n is c h a ra ct e r iz ed b y
    e x tr e m el y s h o rt h ea d s n a rr o w f a ce s
    , n a rr o w n o s e s l i ght s k i n a n d w e l l
    , ,

    d e v el o p e d b ea r d a n d b o d y h a i r R e pr e s en t a t i v e s o f th i s e l em en t h a v e
    .

    n o t b ee n f ou n d in P o l n e s i a in s u ffi c i en t n u m b e r s to j u s t i f
    y y s p e c i fi c d es
    c r ip tio n Wh en s t u d i ed in a r eg i o n w h r e i t is w e ll r e pre s en t e d th i s
    . e ,

    e l e me t m a n
    y pr o v e o f s u ffi c i e n t i m p o rt a n c e to b e r ec o g n iz e d a s T yp e C .
    R epo r t o f the D ir e c tor for 1 9 22 23

    T h i s e l em e n t ha s p r ob a bl y co n tr ib u t ed s om e of th e C a u ca so i d tr a i t s to
    Po l y n es i a n s .

    T h e re is a bas ic lt u r e for the pr es en t t e r me d C u l t u r e


    Po l y n e s i a n cu
    “
    A o v e r w h i c h ha s b een s u p e rp o s e d a l a t e r cu l t u re ( C u l t u r e
    ”

    The m os t i mp o rt a n t e l em e n t s o f C u l t u r e A ( 1 ) a r ec t a n g u l a r
    “ ”
    a re

    h ou se w i th en d p os t s a n d b e d s p a c e ; ( 2 ) a c a n oe m a d e o f fi v e p a rt s ;
    ( 3 ) a t a n g e d a dz e ; ( 4 ) c ook i n g b y m ea n s o f h ea t e d s t ori es in grou n d
    o v e n s ; ( 5 ) the u s e o f s t o n e p es t l e s for p ou d i n g f oo d ; ( 6 ) the u s e o f n

    w oo d g ou rd a n d coc on u t s h e ll r a th e r th a n p o tt e r y fo r c on t a i n e r s ; ( 7 )
    , , , ,

    s k ill fu l w oo d w o rk i n g a n d c a rv i n g ; ( 8 ) t a tt oo i n g ; ( 9 ) the m a k i n g o f
    t a p a o r b a rk c l oth ; ( 1 0 ) a c h a r a c t e r i s t i c r e l a t i on s h i p sy s t em ; ( 1 1 ) the
    ,

    cu s to m o f a d o pt i n g a n d b e tr o th i n g c h il d r e n ; ( 1 2 ) s y s t e m a t i c a gr i c u l t u r e

    an d fi s h i n g t a ro a n d p o t a t o c u l t u r e s ; ( 1 3 ) pr o f es s i on a l c ra ft sm a n sh i p
    ,

    a n d l ea d e r s h i p in i n d u s try ; ( 1 4 ) t r ib a l g o v e r n m en t o f s i mp l e p a tr i a r c h a l

    c o m m u n i s m ; ( 1 5 ) pr e s e rv i n g h ea d s o f en e m i es a s tr o ph i e s a n d c a n n ib a l ,

    is m ; ( 1 6 ) a n c es t o r w o r s h i p the p r ese rv a t i o n o f g en ea l o g i es a n d the


    , ,

    h i d i n g o f s k e l e t a l r e m a i n s ; ( 1 7 ) i n s p i r a t i o n a l d i v i n e r s ; ( 1 8 ) a s p ec u l a t i v e
    c r ea t i o n m y th o l o g y con ce i v e d on th e pr i n c i p l e o f d ua l i s m e x pr es se d in ,

    t e rm s o f m a l e a n d fem a l e a g en c i es C u l t u r e A is d i s tr ibu t e d throu gh “ ”

    b u t i s m os t c l ea r l y d i s t i n gu i s h e d in Ne w Z e a l a n d a n d the
    .

    o u t P o l yn e s i a ,

    M a rq uesa s m a rg i n a l r eg i on s l i tt l e a ff ec t e d b y l a t e r i n fl u en ce s
    —
    .

    A s co m p a r e d w i th C u l t u r e A C u l t u r e B is c ha r a c t e r i z e d b y a
    “ ” “ ”
    ,

    h i gh e r s oc i a l a n d r eli g i o u s d ev el o pm en t ra th e r th a n a h i gh e r t ec h n i c a l
    d ev e l o p m en t a n d is d o m i n en t in n o rth e r n a n d c n tr a l P o l yn es i a I t is
    , e .

    c o n s i d e r e d n ot a s the c u l t u r e o f a r a c e u n r e l a t e d to the P o l n es i a n s bu t
    y ,

    a s the c u l t u r e o f a sec on d m i gr a t i n g w a v e o f a p eop l e c l o s l


    y r e l a t e d to e

    th os e r epr e s en t e d b y Cu l t u r e A I n a dd i t i on to the e l e m en t s l i s t e d fo r
    “
    .
    ”

    C u l t u r e A C u l t u r e B is c h a ra c t e r iz ed b y oth e r el e m en t s a m on g w h i c h
    “
    ,
    ” “ ”

    a e : ( 1 9 ) th e o v a l h ou s e ;
    r
    ( 20 ) w oo d en h ea d r es t s ; ( 2 1 ) u t en s il s w i th
    l e g s ; ( 2 2 ) o rg a n i z e d g o v e r n m en t ; ( 2 3 ) a r i g i d s oc i a l c l a s s i fi c a t i on ; ( 24 )
    co mp li c a t ed s y s t e m s o f l an d d i v i s i o n a n d o w n e r s h i p
    ; ( 2 5 ) gr ea t s a c r e d
    n e s s o f c h i f s a n d el a b o r a t e e t i q ue tt e ;
    e
    ( 26 ) o rga n i z e d d a n c i n g a s a s oc i a l
    a n d r e l i g i ous i n s t i t u t i on ; ( 2 7 ) o rg a n iz e d r e l i g i o u s c e r em o n i a l a n d pr i es t

    h oo d ; ( 28 ) a gen e r a t i o n c u l t a n d s ea s on a l r i t es ; ( 29 ) h a r u s p i c a t i on .

    I t is i n t e r es t i n g to n o t e th a t the b a sa l Po l yn e s i a n ph y s i c a l t y p e ( T p e
    y
    A ) is u n i v e r s a ll y d i st r ib u t e d b u t s tr on g s t in the so u th a n d th a t the
    . e ,

    o r i gi a l cu l t u re ( C u l t u re A a l s o u i v e r s a ll y d i s tr ib u t e d is c l ea r e s t i
    “ ”
    n n n

    the s ou th ( New Z ea l a n d ) a n d in th e ea s t ( the M a rq u esa s


    , ,

    ) A l s o ph y s i ca l .

    T y p e B is s tro n g e s t in n o rth a n d c en tra l P ol yn es i a the sa m r eg i on in , e

    w h i c h e l em en t s in C u l t u r e B a re d o m i n a n t T h i s d em on s tr a t ed p a ra ll e l
    “ ”
    . s

    i s m o f r a c i a l t y p e s a n d c u l t u r a l s tr a t i fi c a t i on r e s t s o n co n c l u s i on s a rr i v e d
    24 B e r n ic e
    -

    P . B is hop M ns e n ni — B u ll e tin

    at i n d ep en d en t l y b y m e m b e r s o f the Mu s eu m s t a ff w o rk i n g in w i d e l y
    s e p a r a t e d fi e l d s w i th n o o pp o rtu n i t y fo r c o n s u l t a t i o n I t is r e ga rd e d a s a
    '

    v e ry i m p o rt a n t c o n tr ib u t i o n to the m e th o d o f a tt ac k o n the Po l yn es i a n
    p r o bl em A n o th e r c o n t r ib u t io n is the d e fi n i t i on o f c h a ra c t er i s t i c s a n d
    .

    el e m e n t s b el o n g i n g to th e r es p ec t i v e t y p e s a n d c u l t u r es a p r e r e q u i s i t e to —

    c o m p a r a t i v e s t u d i es .

    The a r c h a eo l o g i c a l w o rk o f the B a ya rd D o m i n i c k E x p e d i t i o n r e v ea l s
    no v e r y a n c i en t h u m a n h a bi t a t i o n in the c en t r a l a n d s o u th P a c i fi c .

    F o r the Po l y n e s i a n s e tt l em en t the ev i d en c e s e rv e s to s u b s t a n t i a t e the c o n


    c l u s io n s o f Wil li a m Ch u r c h i ll b a s e d o n l i n g u i s t i c a n d c u l t u r a l s t u d y
    ,
    The .

    f o ll o w i n g d a t es a r e co n s i d e r e d r ea s o n abl e e s t i m a t es : A D 0 the fir s t . ,

    i m p o rt a n t Po l yn es i a n m i gra t o ry m o v em en t ; A D 600 s ec o n d m i gra t i o n ; .


    ,

    a n d AD 1 000 a p e r i o d o f gr ea t Po l y n es i a n e x p a n s i o n
    .
    , .

    As r ega r d s the s ou r ces o f th ese r a c i a l t y p es a n d c u l tu ra l e l em e t s n

    a n d th e r ou t e s b y w h i c h th ey c a m e to Po l y n s i a the e v i d en c e in h a n d e ,

    i n d i c a t es the r e g i o n o f th e M a l a y a c hip e r a go ( I d o n e i a ) a n d s ou th ea s t r n s

    A s i a a s th a t fr om w h i c h the Po l yn e s i a a n c e s t o r s b eg a n th e i r ea s t w a r d n

    d r i ft . T h e r e is o e v i d n c e o f d fi n i t e m i gr a t i on s to o fr om the Am e r i
    n e e r

    c a n co n t i n en t s .

    The B a ya rd D o m i n i c k E xp e d i t i o n i th e m o s t c o m pr eh e n s i v e i n v e t i s s

    ga tio n s o fa r m a d e o f a n y Pa c i fi c p eo p l e ; i t ha s fi ll e d in g a p s a d e x p a n d e d n

    the b o u n d a r i es o f th e k n o w l d g e o f th e Po l yn es i a n r a c e e I t is b e l i e v e d .

    th a t the p u bl i c a t i o s r es u l t i n g fr om the tw o y ea r s o f i n t en s i v e s t u d y w il l
    n

    s e rv e a s a b a s i s fo r i n t e l li g e n t c r i t i c i s m o f th e o b s e rv a t i o n s a n d th e o r i es o f

    pr ev i o u s w o rk e r s a n d a gu i d e fo r l a t er d et a il e d s t u d i e s .

    H A W A I I A N PRo v ERB S

    The p a p e r b y E E Collo c o tt P ro v e r bi a l s a yi n gs o f the To n ga n s


    . .
    ,

    ( O c c P a p e r s V o l V I II No 3 1 9 22 ) h a s pr o v e d to b e o f i n t e r es t n o t
    .
    , .
    , .
    ,

    o n l y fo r its i n tr i n i c m e r i t b u t a l s o a s a d em on s t r a t i on o f a m eth o d o f
    s ,

    pr e s e t i n g the ph il oso ph y a d g u i d i g th o ught s o f a p eo p l e I t ha s


    n n n .

    s ee m ed th e re fo r e d es i r a bl e to a rr a ge fo r the pr ep a r a t i on o f s i m i l a r
    , .
    n

    p a p e rs b a se d m a t e r i a l fro m o th e r gr o u p s f the P o l y n es i a n r a c e
    on o .

    F o r H a w a ii a n p r o v e r b s a u c l e u s e xi s t s in a m a n u sc r i pt b y the l a t e
    n

    D r N B Em e r so p r es en t ed to the M u s eu m b y M r s S a r a h B Eme r s on
    . . . n, . . .

    A c o n s i d e r a bl e n u m b e r o f pr o v e rb s ha s b een su pp l i e d th r o u gh the ge n e rous


    c o o p e r a t i on o f M r T h e o d o r e K e l s e
    y a d his co w o rk e r s O th e r pr o v e r b s
    - -
    . n .

    a n d c o n n u d r u m s h a v e b e e n s u pp li e d b
    n
    y M r s E A Na w a bi M r s L a h i . . .
    , .

    l a h i Webb a d M r A lb e rt J u d d I t is h op ed th a t the M u s eu m w ill r e


    ,
    n . .

    c ei ve c o tr ib u t i o n s fr o m m a n y o th e r s o u r c e s
    n .
    26 Be rn ce i P . B is hop M i ts en n i
    .
    —
    B ti l/etin

    i
    s n ce d e r the d i rec t i on o f the B oa rd o f C omm i s s i on e r s o f Pu bl i c
    1 9 1 5 , un

    Arc h i v es w ho p l a ce d Rev H en ry H Pa rk e r in c h a rg e o f the wo rk


    ,
    . . .

    Ea r l y in 1 9 2 1 the m a n u s c r i pt c a rd s w e r e t r a n s m i tt e d b y the B oa r d
    o f Ar c h i v es to the B i s h o p M u s e u m w h i c h c ons en t ed to d o the e d i t o r i a l ,

    w o rk n eces s a ry to p r e p a r e th e v o l u m e fo r th e pr e s s a n d a l s o a gr ee d to
    f u r n i s h a li s t o f Ha w a i i a n geo gr a ph i c a l n a me s w i th p ro n u n c i a t i on a n d
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    w a s i n comp l et e in s e v e r a l es s en t i a l f ea t u r es th u s d e m a n d i n g a n u n ex p ec t e d ,

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    M r Lo rr i n A n drew s in 1 86 5 The v a l ue o f the o l d e r vo l u m e ha s b een
    . .

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    RE P O R T O F T HE C UR A T O R O F C O LLE C T I O NS
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    A C C ES S IO N S 1 9 22
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    “
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    an se e a a es an o er a ac s o o o sa o r . .

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    es o o e can n an re cs .

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    28 B er n ic e P . B is ho p M us on ni — B u lletin

    Fa n n i n g Is l a n d ; E W G i f a rd 3 s li e a r w a te r s ( P u /firm s c ho r o r hy n c h s ) c oll ect e d


    . .
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    in T on g a ; J o hn F G S t ok es r a i l o bt a i n e d in A u s tra l I s l a n d s . .
    , .

    B i rd s ha v e b ee n p re s e n t e d to t he M u s e u m a s fo ll o w s : fro m M r G P C o o k e Jr . . .
    ,
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    a n a p a p a n e ( H im tio n e s u n gu in ea ) fo u n d d ea d on M o l o k a i ; M r H u n g Lu m C hun g
    a - . .

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    r Mr H S ni ra . . .

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    ,
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    ,

    r um ped pe tr l e ( A es tr e la ta pha e opygia ) .

    I N S ECTS
    Th e r epo r t of Ed wi n H . B ry A s s i s a n En to mo o gi s
    an, Jr .
    ,
    t t l t , re c o rd s th e a cces

    s oni of 844 5 i n sec t s , 5 1 40 of w h i c h c a m e fr o m the H a a ii a n i s w l ands. a l rg r


    a e p ro
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    p rta f H w ii b y Ott
    s o H Sw z y a a o . e e .

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    ec en s ec e r M E We n e c an e ca e o e o o n sou c es : r . . .

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    47 M
    . i d ; M A J T r r 67 A tr l i m th
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    o o iv d 6 p i m
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    a s an r . . . u r s on a a an e ra o e n e s
    o f H w ii a a .

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    ec on o s es i fi ld o e o ea a ue n u e e s ea c n e o c ea n c e .

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    e a h l t t th M m 6 5 i
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    ”

    TS PLAN

    r x i m t ly Ap p o a e p im
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    p im . . au , e s ec en s of P r i tc ha r d ia k a h u n a-e an d P . ni a n tioi d es ; Mr .

    y D vi fr i t W i l r g M r A D H i t c hcoc k
    “ ”
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    f g un M li l j d d i a s,St v ; e o a u a na e en s Dr .
    J . . J ud d , a s e t o f fe n s r co ll by ec te d Mrs .

    S t w rt D d g ie 874 ; M
    a W o e n 1 r . . H . M e i n eck e , a S p ec imen of s i l v r w rde -
    s o fr o m
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    30 Be r n i ce P . B is hop M ns en m —
    B i i ll e ti n
    -

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    i mp rt t r lt f th tri p w th r d i v ry f C li
    o an esu hl s o e as e e sc o e o a re a c oc ea .

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    o n ce n n h wri t f ll w
    a e a se c u e ee e e on s e es as o o s

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    “
    n e ua an e . a , an a e a s o o o o a , u n c

    z l gi l m t r i l w
    oo o ll t d
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    a e a as co ec e on an an on e ee , nc u n n s ec s , a s,

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    o us f m i s, an ec no e s . on e S ec en s o ar ne

    r t
    c u s a c ea n s m v ry r r f rm d m w r
    are rd f thi p rt f th
    so e e a e o s an so e ne ec o s or s a o e

    P a c ifi c .

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    “
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    the y r ea r lt f asxp d iti t P


    a es u I l d by L A T h r t
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    are i l d d i th m t r i l p r
    nc u e t d t th M
    n e m a e a es e n e o e u se u .

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    “
    u n u an u us an e . a an a e a en e a o o ca su r

    ve y fF o i g Il d A ann n i d r bl m t f b i l g i l m t i l b t h p l t
    s an . d
    co n s e a e a ou n o o o ca a er a , o an s an

    an im l w a s,ll t d th l d i th l g
    as co ec e d th t r r
    on f Th im l e an n e a o on an on e ou e ee . e an a

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    o t k i l d d b i rd l i z r d
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    e m ll k s, a s, ni r a o s, ea o s, c u s a cea n s , o us s,

    ec hi d rmno fi h e d f w th r m ri
    s, s rg i m App r x i m t ly 800 p i
    es , an a e o e a ne o an s s . o a e s ec

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    o rly
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    ne i g o us s a re nc u e n e co ec on s o ann n

    I l
    s an d .

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    “
    e a o on a ann n an as e e or o o e os s, e a er a

    o f w hi h h b c b m i tt d t D J A C hm f th d t rm i t i
    as een su f f r e o r . . ,
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    mi i f n M h t w m t ri l w
    e ra . t k fr m th
    uc o rf w t rs f th l g a e a as a en o e su a ce a e o e a oon .

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    croo an s t y t b s d t rm i d
    o s a e a a e no e e en e e ne .

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    oo o h v b ca ll t d by m m b r f th M
    S ec en s m t f a e een co ec e e e s o e u s eu s a as

    f ll w
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    oo e, r .
    , ara s f fi h;
    c C M t g
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    C k J C M C k II I d H ry W F wl r v r l fi h fr m L i
    oo e, r .
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    O h a H w ii
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    an h m ll k ( D r i ) ;
    ec J F Ill i g
    c o an , nu an c o us o s . . n

    w rt h k i f R tt
    o , s tt ; J h
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    us rp i
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    fr m A tr l I l
    o d s ; 0 H S w z y pl
    us a ri
    s an fr m M l V ll y O h ;
    . . e e , an a ans o oa n a u a a e , a u
    32 Be r n ce i P . B is ho p M us e u m —
    B u l l e ti n

    J o hn W . Th ompson , c a rb d p sg an s on es r
    f om Ho n o l l u u ha rb r o an d P ea rl H rb r ; a o

    Ger ri t P . Wi l d e r , a c ra b ( Clm y b d i r s c ry t/i r o d u c ty l a ) a nd a s ma ll fish fr m h ro s o es

    of O a hu .

    T h mp J o hn p r h d i W
    th H . l l m rk t d pr o t d t th son u c a se n e ono u u a e s an es en e o e

    M m 7 H w ii
    us e u fi h d 1 fr m P l myr 5a r t a d I hi d
    an s es an I o a a, c u s a c ea n s , an ec no e r ni .

    H h egiv l pi
    as f f i l r l d m ll k fr m C hi
    en a so a I b h lf f ece o os s co a an 2 o us s o na . n e a o

    th M e m h h p r h u s eu d 9 fi h d h b i tr m t l i b t i i g th r
    e as u c a se s es an as een ns u en a n o a n n o e s .

    D ti t th z l gi l ll ti
    on a ons h v b
    ‘

    m d o f ll w C pt i e oo o ca co ec on s a e e en a e as o o s : a a n

    V A B ri
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    . sson , co a t r b (Bi g o an a e a r . . . r i o ri i , co co n u c a r us

    l t ) fr m P l m yr ; K m h m h S h l t d t
    a ro o a 3 fi h ; M T K w g hia a e a e a c oo s u en s , s es r . . a a uc .

    fi h fr m P l m y r ; M
    s o O rl d Ly m ap r pi fi h ( Di d hi t i ) ; C m
    a r . an o an, o cu ne s o on s r x o

    m d r P i k i g m ll k
    an e rl d h rm i t r b fr m wak
    c n ,
    I l d; M H L
    o us , co a s , an e c a s o e s an r . . .

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    e e , a r i ) ; M M t j i Ot i t igg r fi h fr m P l
    o —
    s n enna us r . a su ro an , a r e s o a

    m yr : M J P P t r b ( D mi mp/ ii ) g ht t W i O h ; M
    C A R v e fi h ( C x k hl i )
    a r . . . on e . c a ro a ru i ca u a a a na e, a u r .

    . . ee g ht f O h ; M L A T h r t
    s, s rb ara n u ca u o a u r . . . u s on, c a

    (R i t ) fr m H
    a tl tl tl
    '
    l l m rk t ; M M
    s er r a a l V ll l rg l k i o on o u u a e r a n ue a sc o n ce os, a e ee S n
    '

    f m P l m yr ; M
    ro J M W tg t
    a l a g ht f D i m d H d O h r . . . es a e, a n ee ca u o a on ea , a u .

    M Ed m d f rt h r r p rt th t A
    r . r lt f th x h g p l i y t h r
    on son u e e o s a S a esu o e e c an e o c e e

    w r d d d t th r t
    e e a e ll t i 04 p i m fr m th A tr l i M m
    o e c us a c e an co ec on 1 s ec en s o e us a an use u ,

    an d 3 p im fr m th
    12 Z l gi l S rv y f I d i Th M m
    s ec en s ip o e oo o ca u e o n a . e u s eu rec ro

    t d by p t i g t h i t it t i w ith ll t i f H w ii Cr t
    ’

    ca e r es e n n f m ese ns u on s co ec on s o a a an u s a c ea ro

    our x h g m t ri l
    e c an e a e a .
    ”

    Ot h r m t r i l iv d i x h g i l d 5 0 l i z d ll t d by th W hi t '

    e a e a rec e e n e c an e nc u es ar s, co ec e e

    ney S th S Ex p d i t i
    ou giv by th Am r i ea s M m f N t l H i t rye on , en e e ca n useu o a u ra s o

    sev r l ki e a f b i rd d sm ll m m m l
    ns l h l i p im
    o f mp h i b i d s an s a a a s, a co o c s ec en s o a ans an

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    o us N rt h A m r i
    s o d pi f m m m th k i
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    i giv
    s a by M E L M en ly r . . . o se .

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    m fi h ( L mp i I
    oo n - )
    s g ht ff W i a O h r s n na cau o a a n ae , a u .

    M I S C EL LA N B O US T RI AL
    MA E

    ll t i
    To the f mi ll m co m d by v ri
    ec ons o sce a n eo u s a e t r i l gi ft h v b a , s a e ee n a e a ous

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    :

    o o s

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    . . t i i g ry t l f l i
    .
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    s an hy ; M C P a an ou se a o e a a an on a r c r . . .

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    au d g rr ty p
    ea , f M G r h m D C i li
    a ue 86 ; D E K J h t
    eo il e o r . o a . nan, 1 1 r . . . o n s on e o

    p i t i g by P r i
    a n n K i l i ; M Wi ll i m W g r b l d r t i i g p ri m
    n ce s s a u an r . a a ene , ou e c on a n n s s

    o f b lt ; M Wi ll i m W i r i h ll t i
    a sa f fib r rmp l
    . d pr d t fr m a e n c , co ec on o e sa es an o uc s o

    m y p rt
    an f th w rl d ; M Li lly W t w d
    a s o : M H M Wh i t y
    e o rs . es , oo en ca n e r . . . ne ,

    bl k d d i f H w ii
    oc an d U it d S t t e3 t p t g t mp 85 4
    or a a an an n e a es I -
    cen os a e s a ,
    1 .

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    e a en e d o a oc e o on on o . on . r . an s, an on e

    giv t C pt i J m C k ; fr m M E L M l y r k p i m
    en o a a n fr m Oh i
    a es oo o r . . . o se e , oc s ec en s o o

    an d vi i i t y c n .

    Eight d r w i g s d w t r l r p i ti g d b y J W bb r
    a rt i t f th
    n an a e co o a n n s one . e e , a s o e

    l t v y g f C p t i J m C k ( 7 76
    as o e w r p rh d i L d
    o a E h a n 1

    bj t w it
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    i ll tr t
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    an e enS m f th m or su ec n ess e n a a e e . o e o e a re

    r p r d d i th tl
    e o uce m p y i g th n t fC k v yg e T hr af as acco an n e a cco un o oo
    ’
    s o a es . ee o
    34 B er n -ice P . B is hop M n s eu m —
    B u ll etin

    w hi h c r w d th t p f p i ll r i th
    on ce c o t iv b ri l g r d Ex v t i
    ne e o s o a s n e na e u a o un s . ca a ons

    t th ir f t v r d q t it i f t d h ll d z hi l li g t d
    t w rt hy w hi l m y b j t f m r
    a e ee u nco e e ua n es o s on e an s e a es , C se s, s n s on es an

    ot h r i mp l m t s S v r l t
    e e di hen . e e a s on e s es a re n o e o , e an o ec s o o e

    re cen t i gi v t i ll t t m th d f b y g
    or n ser e t im oF rt h t ib ti
    u s ra e e o s o -
    on e es . u er c on r u on s

    fr m t hi fi l d
    o t i ip t d w ith i t r t
    s e a re an c a e n e es .

    Th b t i l ll ti
    e i th
    o a n ca M m h v b co ri h d f m v r l
    ec ons n e u s eu a e ee n en c e ro se e a

    s ou r M D W l y G rb r i
    c es . r . rry i g t hi g r
    . es e ff r t pr r f a e , n ca n ou s en e o u s o e o o cu e or

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    s uc t th
    S N v l H p i t l i Ap i
    ec en an a a as s u es a e a a os a n a

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    a o , as a ea s en F m t i ll n a ou es e e an s o a oa . ro s

    f thar w tw rd h v
    er m tw
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    a t h t h l d p r v v l bl i tr i g
    a e co e o co ec on s a s ou o e a ua e n ac n

    th igi f th P ly i fl
    e or n o O f th e i ti g f
    o rly 400 Ph i l i pp i
    n es a n ora . es e on e, c o n s s n o n ea ne

    pl t i
    a n s, gi ft fr m M E D M rr i ll D i r t r f th B r
    s a o f S ir . i . . e , ec o o e u ea u o c e n ce n

    M il an Th at h r p r h d fr m M A E D El m r giv s
    . e o e , u c h rb r i m 27 4
    a se o r . . . . e , e ou r e a u

    re p t t iv pl t fr m B r
    r es e n a e an s o o n eo .

    S p p l m t i g th b t i l
    u e ll t i m d by m mb r f th B y rd D m i
    en n e o a n ca co ec on a e e e s o e a a o

    i k Ex p d i ti
    n c v r l l rg l t f p i m
    e on a re ll t d i se th r
    e a P ly a e o s o s ec en s co ec e n s ou e n o

    i b y th W h i t y S
    n es a t h S Ex p d i t i
    e d f rw r d d t th B i h p M
    ne ou m ea s e on an o a e o e s o u se u

    by th Am r i M e m f N t r l Hi t ry i N w Y rk
    e ca n u s eu A ft r d t r m i t i
    o by a u a s o n e o . e e e na on

    F r t B H B r w th
    o es . m w i ll b
    . t t th Am r i
    o n M se m w hi h h
    e na es e s en o e e can u u , c as

    r t i d d upl i t t f th p l t
    f th J F R k
    e a ne a ca e se o e an s .

    I th tr II f e ll t i f m th U iv i t f H w ii
    ans er o e . . oc co ec on ro e n e rs y o a a .

    th M
    e m b m th
    u s eu t di f pp r x i m t ly 8
    ec a e w ll l b l d tiv pl t
    e cu s o an o a o a e 2 00 e a e e na e an s .

    Th i m p rt
    e f th i o h rb r i m a n ce t b t tr gl y m p h i z d
    o s e a u ca n n o e oo s on e as e .

    Th p r h f th V i t r i
    e u c B f dase ll t i o f t h l gi l m t r i l
    e c o a u an ea u co ec on o e no o ca a e a

    add d m y e ld H w ii an p im w hi h
    o v l d b t h f th i r q l i ty d
    a a an S ec en s , c a re a ue o or e ua an

    f or th i r i ti
    e w i t h th K m h m h
    a s s oc a d S m r f mi l i s
    on I l d d w i th a

    v r l bj t th t
    e e a e a an u ne a e . nc u e

    th es e are se B l g d t th
    e a o y l P m r li
    ec s f T hi t i a o n ce e on e o e ro a o a e ne o a .

    Att t i m y b en ll d t th
    on i d r bla mb r f z l gi l
    e ca p im
    e o e c on s e a e nu e o oo o ca s ec en s

    co ll t d d p r t d b y M L A T h r t
    ec e an es e n ed M D vi d Th m A l rg r . . . u s on an r . a aan u . a e

    p r p rt i
    o f th
    o m f m th l i ttl
    on o
    |
    t d i d i l d f P l myr
    es e ca e d it ro e e- s u e s an o a a an s s ur

    r ou n di g w t n C M t g C k Jr h d w lt p th i m p rt
    a er s . . on a f th ue oo e, . as e u on e o an ce o e

    D D . d E D B ld wi
    . an ll t i .f H w ii . l d d m ri h ll s w h i h w
    a n co ec on o a a an an an a ne s e c as

    p u r c ha s e d fo r th e M use um .
    ( S ee p .

    E XH I B ITI ON H A LLS
    W hi l e
    r g r i th x h ib i t i h ll h p o t d
    ri g th v
    es s r r h d th
    n e e on a s as no u n e ea ea c e e

    tg ti ip t d m rgm t h b d r iv d fr m th ti d p
    '

    s a e an c a e , so e en c ou a e en as een e e o e con nue o

    p t
    o r uniti f t d y i g th i m p r i
    es or m d p vi i t r by th x hi b it
    s u n th y e es s o n s a e u on s o s
    ‘

    e e s as e

    a re M y h v b
    . gl d
    an r q t t x pr t h i t im t
    a e f th h ll
    ee n a on e u es o e ess e r es a es o e a s as a

    wh l o ed t p i t an t i p rt i l r th
    o f t r w h i h m t t h i r pp r v l A
    o n ou n a cu a os e e a u es c e e a o a .

    f w h v
    e b w i ll i g t x pl i w h i t h y h v f lt t h t fr m t h i r t d
    a e een n o e a n ere n e a e e a o e s an

    p i t m di fi ti
    o n w l d br i g d d d m f rt d
    o ca on s f mp r h i ou n a e co o an eas e o co e en s o n .

    I mb n f i t
    a th nu xp i f m mb r er f th M o m t f ns a n ces e e er en ce o e e s o e useu s a ,

    r b t d by t h r w h h v br ght l
    co r o o ra e f t d t h
    eac m d e id t
    s o a e ou c a ss es o s u en s , as a e
    °

    ev en

    th d i b i l i ty
    e f h gi g th
    es r a l ti f p im o t b i g th m i t
    c an n e oca on o s ec en s so as o r n e n o

    l
    c o s er l t i t th r w it h w hi h t h y might w ll b
    re a on o i t d I t hi w y
    o e s c e e e a s s oc a e . n s a

    ce rt i t p i a n l d b m r l rl y p r t d
    o cs t c ou ly t h l l b t t
    e o e c ea es en e , no on o sc oo c a s s es u o

    th g r l vi i t
    e en e a w ll S m t h i g t w d thi s d h s lr d y b
    or as d e . o e n o ar s en a a ea een on e .
    Ifepor t o f the 19n2 mtor fo r 1 9 22 35

    In t t it fit
    o rd r e to b k g r d f t h l gi l p i m
    es s ne ss th as a ac ou n or e no o ca s ec en s e

    i t ri r f
    n e o x hib it i
    o i
    on e H w ii e v t i b l w p i t d r m b ff B
    on ca s e n a a an es u e as a n e c ea u . e

    s i d l d i g w rm r t m ph r t th
    es en n a vi r m t t h i tr t m t p r m i s t
    a e a os e e o e en on en s ea en o se o

    p r vi do f rte t a tti g f th m j i ty f p i m
    o una e se d t
    n r d r l or e a or o s ec en s an o en e es s

    tr oubl m th h d w t th t p
    es o e e d s d a f th o s a e o s an en s o e c a s es .

    Am g th fi h m d l s d d d d i g th y r t th l rg r i
    on e s o e d i pl y
    a e ur n e ea o e a e se es on s a

    m y b m ti
    a e d th t f th br i ll i
    en on et m fih L pi t a o Th r igi l w
    e an o on s , a ni- r s u na . e o na as

    cau g ht i l l w t r i F br ry Aft r b i g
    n oca a e s x hi b it i
    n t A l eM rk t f ua . e e n on e on a a a a e or

    se v r l d y i t w br g ht t th M
    e a a s m as M T h mp ou r p r d ti h w
    o e u s eu . r . o s on s
    ’
    e o uc on s o s

    th e vivi d r i m f th fi c d ths on h r t r i t i m ttl i g


    o e f il v r ns A f an e c a ac e s c o n o s e . s ar as

    ca n b l r d t hi
    e p im
    ea i th
    ne ,
    d ght i H w ii it p r d
    s s ec en r h vi g
    s e s ec on ca u n a a , s e eces s o a n

    b pt r d b t tw ty fi y r g A t h r t bl m d l i t h t f tr ea a o no e no a e o e s a o a ue

    w rd fi h X iphi gl d i
    een ca u e a ou en —
    ve s .

    s o s , t fr m m ll p i m
    as a t k by l l fi h rm i
    us, ca s o a s a s ec en a en oca s e en n

    D mb r
    ec e e .

    Th V i t ri B f
    e d ll t i
    c o f H w ii
    a u d T hi t i
    an t h l gi l
    ea u co ec on o a a an an a an e no o ca

    m t ri l d
    a e rib d
    a p g 7 w
    e sc pl e d x hi b it i
    on A r pr
    a e t t iv g r p
    2 as ace on e on . e es e n a e ou

    o f i mp l m t w pe v l
    en s , d t h r t i f t r iv d fr m G m w i
    ea on s , es se s an o e ar ac s ece e o ua as n

    t ll d t m p r ri ly i H w ii V t i b l I
    s a e e o a n rby a th ig ht r igi l
    a an es u e n a n ea ca se e e o na

    ub j
    .

    d r wi ga f H w ii
    n s o t m d by J W bb r rt i t
    a a an S C p t i C k t h i rd
    ec s a e . e e , a s on a a n oo
    ’
    s

    v y g ( 7 76 80) h v b
    o a e 1 i w Tw f th r y l k h ili giv by th Lil i
    -
    a e e en on V e . o o e o a a s en e uo

    k l a an i Et t m d s a e pp r p r i t d d iti
    a t e th thr
    an x h i b i t i th p p
    a o a e a on o e on e e n e u er

    g ll ry f H w ii H ll
    a e o a a an a .

    A p i l f t t t rt i th m mb r f th P P ifi C mm r i l C
    S ec a e or o en e a n e e e s o e an- ac c o e c a on

    f r
    e w
    en c e m d th as i af t h i r vi i t i
    e on N v mb r e D r i g th y r
    occ a s o n o e s n o e e . u n e ea a

    nu mb r f d i t i g i h d vi i t r
    e o h v
    s b n d t d t h r g h th
    u s e Ex h i b i t i
    s o s a e een co n uc e ou e on

    H ll a Th
    s . f b k i w hi h th
    e use m
    o f vi i t r w r
    a oo r rd d w d is n c e na es o s o s e e e co e as

    c on t i d t th b gi i g f th y r
    nue a e e nn n o e ea .

    A TT EN DA N C E

    l h i W bb G i d t Ex hi b i t r p rt th tt d
    La hi a e , f u vi i t r t
    e o s, e o s e a en an c e o s o s o

    th e x hi b i t i h ll d r i g 9
    e on i r a f s v r 9 u d th l rg t i
    n 1 22— an nc ea s e o o e 1 21 an e a es n

    th e hi t ry f th M
    s o m Amo g th vi i t r w r
    e h
    u se u l hil d r . v ry on e s o s e e sc oo c en , a e

    sa t i f t ry r rd m p r d w i th th fig r f 1921 ( l 625 )
    s ac o eco co r lt w h i h p
    a e e u es or ,
    —
    a es u c a

    p r t b d t th ff rt f th M
    ea s o e ue m od f th h l e th rit i t m k
    e o o e u seu an o e sc oo au o es o a e

    th e x hi b it f g r t r f l
    e s oi d ti ea e u s e u n es s n e uca on .

    D i tr i b t d m s g th r u e th fig r f a tt d on f ll w s W hi t
    e a ce s e u es or a en a n ce a re as o o : es

    ( i l d i g P rt g
    nc u n ) o p r ut) ; J p
    ue s e p r t) ; e cen a a n es e , e c en

    H w ii
    a a an s, p r t ) ; C hi p r t ) ; t h r 748 e cen n e se , e c en o e s

    pe r c ent) h wi g f , s h r o i r
    n v th rr p d i g fig r f
    or ea c ac e an n c ea s e o er e co es on n u es or

    1921 w hi h w r r p tiv ly c e e es d 629


    ec e : an .

    F th orfi r t ti m tt m p t h b
    e s m d t d i t i g i h th t r i t fr m
    e an a e as e en a e o s n u s e ou s o

    th e l l tt d o ca x l d i g h l p p i l Th
    a en a n c e, mb r r rd d
    e c u d n sc oo u s . e nu e s ec o e , an

    d btl f i ly p p r x i m t
    a re ou es s a r a o a e .
    B er n ice P . B is hop i / l I ns en m— B u lletin

    R E PO R T OF THE L I B R A RI A N

    F r om the r e p o rt o f th e L i b r a r i a n M i s s , E l iz a b eth B . H i gg i n s , the


    f o l l o w i n g r eco rd s h a v e b een t a k en :
    A C C ES S l O N S

    G F I TS
    Spec i a l men ti on s ho u ld b e ma d e of a few of th e gi ft s . A mo n g th e ma n u
    sc ri pt w r th L w s M S r l t i g t th M rq
    e e e a d th
    son , r w C mp r , e a n o e a u esa s , a n e An d e s
    ’
    o a a

    tiv V e b l ry f H w ii W d b th th gi ft f M A rt h r A l x d r A
    oca u a o a a an or s, o e o r . u e an e .

    co ll t i f H w ii
    ec on pr v b o m p i l d by D a N t h i l E m rs
    a an o d giv er by s, co e r . a an e e on an en

    M Em r d h i p i lly v l bl q i it i T hr g h th
    t y f M R B D m f T hi t i th M m w s g r t d th p r ivi l g f
    rs . e s on an er s on , s an es ec a a ua e ac u s on . ou e

    c ou r e s o r . . . oo o a , e u seu a an e e e e o

    py ri pt H i t ry f th I l d f B r b r b y T t i ”
    m ki g
    “
    a n f th m a co o e an us c s o o e s an o o a o a a

    S lm a A m g th
    on . m p w r 3 dv on h t f erv y f th H w ii
    a s e e 1 a a nce s ee s o su e s o e a a an

    i l d h w i g th p i t i
    s an s, s f rt i f t
    o n H w ii M i e d M l k i
    os onTh gi ft o a ac s on a a ,
    au , an o o a . e s

    o f ph t g r p h i l d o o 25 vi w a f N w Z l s d nc u y d t iv th gi ft f
    e e s o e ea a n s cen e r an na es — e o

    D W T B rig h m ; 5 9 p rtr i t f H
    r . . . l l r id t ( t k
    a b t 87o ) th o a s o ono u u es en s a en a ou i — e

    gi ft f M W lt r G i f rd ; 5 9 p rt r i t f b t th
    o rs . a e m d t tha gi ft f M o a s o a ou e sa e a e— e o r .

    A lb rt F J d d ;
    e 4 H w ii .
    ph t gr ph u f t h l gi l i t r t th
    1 a gi ft f
    a an o o a s o e no o ca n e es —
    e o

    M T h d r K l y ; 12 vi w
    r . eo f W k
    o e I l d th gi ft
    e se f C mm d r Pi k i g e s o a e s an —
    e o o an e c n

    B v r ; 4 p rtr i t rly i d t f H w ii th gi ft
    “ ”
    o f th U S bt d
    e . . su f en er ea e 1 o a s o ea r es en s o a a —
    e

    f C l C P I k ; 48 p rtr i t d vi w i lb m th gi ft f M L W bb
    b j t w i t hi
    o o . . . au ea o a s an e s n an a u —
    e o rs . . e .

    Th gi ft f p m p hl t i l d d 128
    e s op r t d p p r
    a e s nc u e se a a es an a e s on su ec s n

    th Me m fi l d th gi ft f th D i r t ; 103 p p r
    u s eu e —
    t m l gy th gi ft f
    e o e ec o r a e s on en o o o —
    e o

    J F Ill i gw rt h; 8 t m l gi l p p r ( t h r
    . . n o p r t ) th
    en o gi ft f M o o ca a e s au o
    ’
    s se a a es —
    e o r .

    G r l d H i ll
    e a p p r m ri z l gy 12 th gi ft a f M e s J m H
    on r ll ; d a ne oo o —
    e o r a es o ne an
    ; .

    p p r i t f A tr l i th gi ft f M E t W
    ’
    22 th s p
    au t or s e a r a es , a e s on n s ec s o us a a— e o r . u s ace .

    F rg e u s on .

    Th gi ft f b k i l d d
    e m pl ts o t f th P r oo di g
    s f t h VV h
    nc u e a co e e se o e ocee n s o e as

    i gt A d my f S i th gi ft f th S m i h i I t i t ti d gl
    ry f th R r t g l g g g ift f t h C g i I t i t ti
    n on ca e o c e n c es — e o e t s on a n ns u on an a os

    sa o e a o on an an ua e— o e arn e e ns u on .

    F v l bl gi ft or f b k a uap m p hl t p h t g ph
    e d m
    s o r i p t s th oo s, a e s, o o ra s an a n u sc e

    M m i i d bt d t th f ll w i g
    r i pt ; A rg ti R p bl i G v r m t I
    us e u s n e e o e o o n

    M A C Al x d r r . m . . e an e , 2 a n us c s en ne e u c o e n en ,

    p m p hl t ;
    a A t li e G v m t 5 v l m u s ra : A t li an M m 6 v l m
    o ern 5 en o u es u s ra an use u o u es.

    d 1 m
    . .

    p m p hl t
    a r ip t ; M F r k C B k r 8 p r t
    e s , an an u sc M El d B t 4 r . an . a e , se a a es : r . s on es ,

    se p r t Bi h p E t t
    a a es
    ; HI m s ri pt ; D W T B rig h m 3 p m p hl t
    o s a e O C C, 1 a n u sc r . . . a , a e s

    an d 5 ph t gr ph ; M
    2 Ed w i H B ry
    o o J a 9 p m p hl t ; C l i f r i
    s r .
    St t n . an , r .
    ,
    1 a e s a o n a a e

    Li br ry 4 p m p h l t ; C r gi
    a , I tit ti a f W h i gt e s v l m ; C a negi e ns u on o as n on , 1 o u e a rne e

    I t i t ti
    ns f VV hi gt
    u on G p hy i l L b
    o t y 8 p m p hl t ; M F r d r i k
    aS n on— eo s ca a o ra o r , a e s r . e e c

    C h p m 5 p r t ; D C h rl C hi lt
    a an, se v l m ; Ch
    a a es G v r m t r . l a es on , 1 o u e o s en o e n en , 1 vo

    u m ; Ci i e ti M m p m p hl t ;
    nc nna C l mb M m u s eu v l m ; D C 1

    C k J 1 p t ; Cz h l v k R p bl i 6 v l m
    , a e o o o u seu , 1 o u e r . .

    M t g oo d 7 p m phl t ;
    R B
    on a ue e. r. , se a ra e ec os o a e u c. o u es an a e s

    p r t ; f A rt 5 p m p hl t ; M
    _

    M H
    r . D mm 1 an s D t i t I ti t t
    a , se a a e e ro ns u e o s, a e s r . . .

    D m 1 m oo ,i p t ; D C h rl H Ed m d an u sc r 1 p r t ; M r S .
    h E d a es . on s on , se a a e rs . a ra . an

    M A t h r W Em r
    r . r m
    u i p t ; M C rl El h
    . e p m p hl t ; M
    s on . 1 K an u sc r r . a sc n e r, I a e r . en

    ne th P E m ry 3 p mp hl t ; M
    . J ho F lix
    , p r t
    a ; M E te s W r . o a n ne s e , 2 se a a es r . u s a ce .
    38 Be r n ce i P . B is hop Al us e n m —
    B ni l e tii i

    of t hi
    rt h v l bs som d w i th M Spa r B i k rt f p h t g r p h
    e a so d een a e r . en c e c e on or o o a s an

    b k r l t i g t th P ifi w i th P r f C A K f i d f z l gi l b k
    oo s e a n o e d ac c, o . . . o o or oo o ca oo s, an

    w i t h M Cyr i l S m it h fr .t f Wilk Ex pl r i g E x p d i t i Ot h r i m i l r or a se o es
    ‘

    o n e on . e s a

    exh g hv b
    c an m d
    es a e een a e .

    P UR C H A S ES

    Th e b oo k s ac q u i re d by p u r c ha s e in 1 9 22 ha v e b een ch e i fl y of g e n e ra l re fe re n c e .

    ma p s tl g a z ettee r a nd z l gi l b k d p mp hl t T he a tl a s es ha v e
    i t ifi j r l
    ,
    a a s es , a , oo o ca oo s an a e s .

    b een m uc h n ee d e d The s c en rr tly r iv d


    ou na s cu en by s ub sc r i pt i on a re
    l Th bj t r p r
    . c ece e

    22, i n c l u d i n g 13 A me ri ca n a n d 9 f r ig p ri d i o e n e o ca s . e su ec s e ese n e d t a re

    gen e ra l s c i e n ce 3 a n t h rop o o , l g y d r h l gy 3 b t y 7 g g r p hy
    an a c aeo o , o an , eo a 2, l i br ry a

    sc i en ce 1 zo ol o gy 6, .

    A s u mma ry o f a cc es s i o n s in 1 9 22 is s ho w n in the fo ll w i g t bl
    o n a e

    P a r ts a n d
    V o l u m es Pa m p h l e ts P ho to gr a p h s Maps Ma n u s c r i pt s
    14 5 3 1 7 25
    25 4
    535 234
    201 3 25 1 29

    L OA N S A N D DEP OS ITS
    In A F J d d pl d
    1921 Mr d p it
    . t th M . m hi . ll i u ace on e os a e useu s Co ec t o n

    o f H w ii a A a rd i d x h b
    an a . m d f 80 f th b k
    ca Th n ew as een a e o 2 o e oo s . es e a re no

    a v i l bl f
    a a e M V i t ri
    or B fuse d h
    .
    pl d d p it rs .
    mb r f c o a u an ea u as ace on e os a nu e o

    m a n u scr ip t r l t i g t th h i t ry f th S m r f m i ly
    s e a n o e s o o e u ne a .

    A v l bl l w
    a ua r iv d fr m th C r gi I ti t t i
    e oa n f W hi gt
    as i
    ec e e o e a ne e ns u on o as n on n

    m a n u scri p t p p rs m p l i t r ry t
    s, a e d t h r m t ri l i l d i g 3 8 i t m
    , a s, e a n o es an o e a e a s nc u n e s

    b q t h d t th C r gi I t i t t i by M W i ll i m Ch r hi ll O i t m f th i
    e ue a e o e a ne e ns u on r . a u c . ne e o s

    loa n i 30 b x s f d r pr o ti g th
    es p g o M C h r h i ll h d m d t w d
    ca r s e ese n n e ro r es s r . u c a a e o ar

    th e p r p r ti f
    e a a S am E gl i h Di t i
    on o ry Th m a r i p t d i t i ry i oan - n s c on a . e an u s c c on a s

    co n s i d r d b th C r gi I t i t ti th m t v l bl p r i
    e e v e a ne f th b q e t ns u on e os a ua e o t on o e e u es .

    C IR CU L ATI ON A ND U S E OF B OO KS
    The tk n um
    t b r
    f th l i br ry f
    e by of b ook s a en ou o e a or u se th e b r f th
    me m e s o e

    t f d
    s a han o th r
    l rg ly i r d i th p t tw y r
    e s as a e n c ea se n e as o ea s . S v r l M
    e e am u seu

    i t l ivi g
    a s so c a e s th m i l d d l w h r h v h d th
    n on e a n an an e se e e a e a e u se o f b k f l g
    oo s or on

    p ri d
    e d b ks h v b
    o s an b rr w d b H l l l i br ri
    oo a e e en o o e v on o u u a es . In 1 9 22 the z oo

    l gi al b k
    o c d th oo t fv yg w r m t i
    s an e a cco u n s o o a es e e os n use .
    C R US T A C E A F R O M
    PA L M Y R A A N D F ANN I N G
    I S L AN D S

    BY

    C H A R L E S H O WA R D E D M O N D S O N
    W ITH

    D ES C RI PTI ON S OF NEW S P EC I ES OF CR A B S R
    F OM PA L M YR A I S LA N D

    BY M A RY J . RA TH B U N

    B ERN I C E P B IS H OP
    . M USEUM
    B U LLETIN 5
    W I TH 2 P LATES

    i
    A) i
    i i . t

    c
    a W3 0 5 3

    H ONOL ULU H A WA I I ,

    P U B L I S H ED B Y TH E M U S EU M
    1 923
    B er n i c e P . B is hop M us eim u — B u ll etin .

    A no th e r p u bl i ca t i on h a v i n g r e fer en c e to the n a t u r a l h i s t o ry O f th i s gro u p


    O f i s l a n d s w as i s s u ed b y Emm a n ue l Ro u g i e r in 1 9 1 4 un d e r the t i t l e
    “
    Ile
    Chr i st m a s S ou th S ea s
    , T h i s boo k l et O f 1 5 8 p a g e s i n c l u d es a d i s c u s s i o n
    ” a
    ,

    O f the t o p o gr a ph y c l i m a t e a n d n a t u r a l r e so u r c es o f the i s l a n d
    , a n d a c on ,

    s id e r a b le a mo u n t O f i n f o r m a t i o n r eg a rd i n g its fl o r a a n d f a u n a .

    I n J u l y 1 9 1 3 a p a rt y fr om Hono l u l u i n c l u d i n g H on H e ry E C o o p e r , . n . ,

    the o w n e r O f Pa l m y r a I s l a n d D r C M C oo k e Jr c o n c h o l o g i s t O f th e
    , . . .
    , .
    ,

    B i s h op M use u m a n d P ro fes s o r J o seph F Ro c k b o t an i s t O f the C o ll ege


    , .
    ,

    o f H a w a ii pr oc eed ed to Pa l my r a w i th the p u rp os e i v i ew o f e x p l o r i n g
    , n

    the a t o l l a n d i n v es t i ga t i n g the f a u n a a n d fl o r a fo u n d on a n d a b o u t the


    n u m e r o u s i s l et s O f th e gr o u p .

    A s a r es u l t O f th i s e x p e d i t i on a l a rg e a m o u n t O f bi o l o g i c a l m a t e r i a l w a s
    c o ll ec t ed a n d t u r n e d o v e r to th e B i s h o p M u s eu m a n d P r o f e ss o r Roc k in , ,

    co o p e r a t i o n w i th o th e r b o t a n i s t s p u bli s h e d a p a p e r e t i t l e d Pa l m y r a
    “
    -
    ,
    n

    I s l a n d w i th a d esc r i pt i o n o f its I n th i s a c c ou n t b r i e f h i s t o r i c a l
    a n d g en e r a l d esc r i pt i on s O f Pa l m y r a a r e f o ll o w e d b y a s y s t em a t i c d i s c u s

    s i o n O f the fl o r a o f the a t o ll The p a p e r is w ell ill u str a t e d w i th n u m e ro u s


    .

    pho t o gr a ph s t a k en b y the a uth o r a n d is a cco m p a n i e d b y a c h a rt re v i s e d ,

    fr om two O l d e r o es Of the en t i r e gro up O f i s l et s fo r m i n g the a t oll a s i t


    n ,

    w a s O b s e rv e d by m e m b e r s O f the e x p ed i t i on o f 1 9 1 3 .

    I n the p a p e r b y P r o f e s so r Roc k w h i c h i s pr i m a r il y a b o t a n i c a l r e po rt , .

    s o m e r e f e r e n c e is a l s o m a d e to the a n i m a l l i f e O f Pa l m y r a The f a u na O f .

    the S h a ll o w w a t e r a b o u t th e i s l a n d s is m en t i o n e d in a v e r y g en e r a l w a y

    a n d m o r e s p ec i fi c b u t b r i e f con s i d e r a t i on is g i v en to bi r d s i n s e c t s a n d l a n d
    , , .

    c r us t a cea n s .

    Mo re r ece n t l y in a p u bli c a t i o n en t i t l e d So m e s h oa l w a t e r co ra l s fro m


    ,
    “
    -

    Mu rra y I s l a n d ( A u s tr a l i a ) C oc o s K nee l i n g I s l a n d s a n d F a n n i n g I s l a n d
    ,
    -
    ,
    ” 5
    .

    T W V a u gh a g i v es c o n s i d e ra t i on to 26 s p ec i es a n d 1 v a r i et y O f co r a l s
    . . n

    co ll ec t e d a t F a n n i n g I s l a d a n d p o i n t s o u t the im pO r ta c e O f th i s l oc a li t y
    n ,
    n

    a s a co n n ec t i g l i k in th e d i tr ib u t i o n o f c o r a l s b et w e en r e g i o n s so u th O f
    n n s

    th e eq u a t o r a n d H a w a ii .

    The f o u r p a p e r s c i t e d a b o v e a e SO fa r a I h a v e b ee n a bl e to d i s c o v e r r ,
    s .

    th e o n l y o n e s p u bli s h e d h a v i n g d i r ec t r e f e r en c e to th e a t u ra l h i s t o ry o f n

    th i s gr ou p o f a t oll s .

    A n a d d i t i o n a l lo t O f c r u s t a c ea s h a v e r e ce t l y b e e n p r e s en t e d to the n n

    B i sh o p M u s e u m b y Dr H E Lyo n bo t a i s t o f the Ha w a ii a n Su ga r . . .
    ,
    n

    P l a n t e r s A s s o c i a t i on T h e s e S p ec i m en c h i efl y a m ph i p o d a d i s o p o d s
    ’
    . s, s n .

    s a v e d fr o m m a r i n e a l g a e c o ll ec t e d b y P r o f e s so r R o c k a t P a l m y r a I s l a d n

    3
    R gi r Emm l Il Ch i tm S t h S B ri d Fr L W t l 19 14
    ou e , a n ue , e r s as, ou ea s , ou e, an ce . . a e , .

    ‘
    C ll g f H w ii B ll N 4 1916
    o e e o a a , u . O .
    ,
    .

    P p r fr m th D p t m t f M ri B i l gy f th C r gi I t i t t i
    “
    a e s o e e ar en fo a ne o o O e a ne e ns u on o

    Wa s hi n gto n ,
    v ol . 9 p p 49 23 4 74 p l s
    , .
    -
    , . and 2 fi gs . 19 18
    .
    Ed m on d s on — Cr u s ta ce a fr om P a lm y r a a nd F a n n i n g I s la n d s 5

    in 19 13 t u r n ed o v e r to Dr Lyo n for i d e t i fi ca t i on h a v e be en t en t a
    a nd . n ,

    tiv e ly p l ac ed in g e n e r a b y M r C l a r en c e R S h oem a k e r O f the Un i t e d S t a t es


    . .

    Na t i on a l M u se um pr i o r to a mo r e c o mp l e t e d e te r m i n a t io n a n d a re s o l i s t e d ,

    in the pr es en t p a p e r I t is h o p e d th a t a m o r e c o mp l et e r e p o rt ma y b e m a d e
    .

    u p on th e s e f o rm s a t so m e f u t u r e t i m e .

    Mo re r ec en t co ll ec t i o n s O f m a r i n e f a u na w e r e t a k en a t P a l m y r a I s l a n d
    b y M r L A T h u r s t o n a n d M r D Tha a n u m o f H on o l u l u d u r i n g the e a r l y
    . . . . .

    s u mm e r o f 1 9 2 2 A c o n s i d e r a bl e a m ou n t O f m a t e r i a l fr om th i s e xp e d i t io n
    .
    ,

    i n c l u d i n g fi s h es c r us t a c ea n s ec h i n o d er m s m o ll us k s a n d o th er f o rm s O f
    , , , ,

    m a r i n e li f e w a s r ec e i v e d b y the B i s h o p M u se u m The c r u s t a c ea n s in th i s .

    l ot a r e i n c l u d e d in the pr e s en t r e p o rt .

    F a n n i n g I s l a n d w a s d i s c o v e re d by C a pt a i n Ed m u n d F a n n i n g in 1 798 6

    and , a l th o u gh the i s l a n d h a s b een fo r m a n y y ea r s a n i n d u s tr i a l a n d c o m

    m e r c ia l c e n t e r O f so m e i m p o rt a n c e v e r y l i tt l e ha s b een r e po rt e d a b ou t its ,

    flo ra a n d f a un a .

    I n J u l y 1 9 22 the B i s h o p M u s eu m c o m m i s s i o n ed me to m a k e a b io
    l o g i c a l su rv ey o f Fa n n i n g I s l a n d w i th S C B a ll C u r a t o r o f Co ll ec t i o n s . .
    ,
    .

    D u r i n g J u l y a n d A u g u s t w e sp e n t ten d a ys o n the i s l a n d m a k i n g a s com ,

    p l ete bi o l o g i ca l i n v e s t i ga t i on s a n d a s r epr e s en t a t i v e co ll ec t i on s o f l a n d a n d
    m a r i n e fl o r a a n d f a un a a s t i m e p e r m i tt e d .

    The i s l a n d is o f the a t o ll t yp e w i th a l a goo n a b ou t 9 m il es in l en gth


    and a ppr o x i m a t e l y o n e h a l f th a t b rea dth w i th the l on g d i a m e t e r in a
    -

    n o rth w es t so u th ea s t d i rec t i o n
    -
    The l a n d r i m s u rro u n d i n g the l a g o o n a v e r
    .

    a g es a b ou t h a l f a m il e w i d e w i th a m a x i m u m e l e v a t i o n o f l e s s th a n 10

    feet The l a goo n in d epth r a n ges d o w n to n ea r l y 60 f eet a l th ou gh i t is


    .
    , , ,

    v e ry S h a ll ow o v e r m u c h o f its a rea I t is w el l fi ll e d W i th c o r a l m uc h o f .

    w h i c h e s p ec i a ll y n ea r the w e s t s h o r e ha s a pp a r en t l y r ec en t l y d i e d
    , P l at e
    , .

    I B s ho w s a t y p i c a l s e c t i o n O f the b e a c h o f the l a g oo n a n d P l a t e I I B
    , , .

    o n e o f the n u m e r ou s t i d e fla ts ( S ee a l so fig -
    . .

    O n the o u t e r o r o c ea n s i d e o f th e l a n d a r ea a n a rr o w r oc k y S h e l f , ,

    d o u b t l es s on e t i m e a li v i n g c o r a l r ee f e x t en d s a b ou t th e w e s t e r n a n d ,

    s o u th e r n S h o r es T h i s s h el f i s w el l e xpo s ed in m a n y p l a c es a t lo w t i d e
    .

    a n d is m o r e or l e ss c o m p l e t e l
    y c ov e r ed b y th i n s l a b s o f l i m es t on e O f co ra l
    fo rm a t i on w o rn s moo th b y the a c t i o n o f w a t e r an d l a i d d o w n in s h i n g l ed
    ,

    l a ye rs ( S ee Pl I I A ) The s lo p e fro m the S h e l f to d eep w a t e r is gr a d ua l


    . .
    , .

    m a k i n g p os s ibl e sa fe a n c h o r a ge fo r S h i p s a t a c o n s i d e r a bl e d i st a n c e fr om
    the s h o r e .

    ‘
    Fa n n i n g
    Ed m u n d V o a ge s
    , o un d t he Wo d i h s e ec ed
    , y R rl w t ,
    l t t
    s k e c he s of v oy a g es
    to the S ou h S ea s t
    No h a n d S ou h Pa c ifi c O cea n s ,
    , h in a rt t C , c ha p et r 12 .

    Ne w Yo k r C ll
    o i n s a n d H a n na y
    , 183 3 , .
    6 Be r n ic e P . B is hop M u s eu m —
    B u ll e tin

    T h ere three b rea k s in the l a n d r im w h i c h c on n ec t s the l a goo n w i th


    a re

    the s ea the n o rth a d s o u th c a n o e p a s sa g es


    —
    n b o th o f w h i c h a r e v e r y ,

    s h a llo w a n d a m u c h w i d e r a n d d ee p e r c h a n n e l o n the so u t h w est S i d e w h i c h


    ,

    i s n a v i g a bl e fo r v e s s el o f l i ght d r a ft ( S ee P l I A )
    s The l a g oo n S h o r e
    . .
    ,
    .

    is i m o s t p l a c es a n a rr o w s a n d y b eac h
    ,
    n , , .

    NORTH PASSAGE

    I
    L S HHARB OR

    LA G O O N

    FIG URE 1 . Ou tl i ne map of Fa n n i n g Is l and , b d


    a se on a su rv y by Cl r
    e a en c e A .

    B r w o n . The l gt h
    en o f t he l g
    a oo n is r x im
    a pp o a e t ly 9 m i l es .

    The i slan d is n o w Oc c u p i ed b y the Fa n n i n g I s l a n d L i m i t e d— an En g li s h


    co pr a c omp a n y a n d b y a c a bl e s t a t i on O f the Pa c i fi c C a bl e Bo a rd the
    —
    ,

    s t a t i b ei n g a n i m p o rt a n t r el a y o n the c a bl e l i n e b et w ee Syd n ey a n d
    on n

    B a m fi el d B C ,
    A c k n o w l edgm en t is h e r eb y m a d e o f the co u rt esy a n d
    . .

    ge e r o s i t y O f the m a a g e m e n t s o f th ese tw o e s t a bl i s h m e n t s thr ou gh w h os e


    n n

    a s s i s t a n ce the s u rv ey w a s m a d e p o s s i bl e .

    D u r i n g the su rv ey O f Fa n i n g I s l a n d ge n e ra l c o ll ect i o o f p l a n t s a n d
    n n

    a i m a l s w e r e m a d e o n the l a n d
    n the o u t e r S h o r e a n d in th e l a g oo n
    ,
    The , .

    p a u c i t y O f sea w eed s in the w a t e r s a b o u t the i s l a d w a s v e ry ot i cea bl e n n .

    A few s m a ll v a r i et i e s O f fi l a m e t o u s a l gae a tt a c h e d a d free floa tin g see m ed


    n n -
    8 B er n ice P . B is hop M us eum— B u lletin

    T A X O NO M Y

    O rd e r D ECA PO DA

    S u b o rd e r RE PT A NT I A

    T r ib e B RA C H Y URA

    F a m il y OCYPODIDA E

    O cy p od e cera top h thal ma ( Pa l l a s ) .

    O cy p o d e cer a toph tha l ma A l c o ck , J r ou n . Asi a t . S oc . B e n ga l , vo l . 69 , p . 345 , 1900.

    The p ec i es ra n ges fr o m Ma u r i t i u s th rou gh the I n d i a n Oc ea n to I n d i a


    S ,

    a n d in the P a c i fi c fr o m the P h ili pp i n e s a n d M u rr a y I n l a n d A u str a l i a ea s t , ,

    wa rd a s fa r a s the T u a m ot u s a n d n o rth w a rd to H a w a i i I t w a s pr e v i o u s l y .

    r e po rt e d by S tr eet s from the F a n n i n g Grou p Fi ft een s p ec i m en s w e re .

    t a k en a t Pa l my r a a n d 3 a t F a n n i g I s l a n d The S p ec i es is c ommo n o n
    n .

    the s a n d y b ea c h e s f a c i n g the O p e n oc ea n o r l a goo n s .

    Uca tetr a gon on ( He r b s t ) .

    G e la s i m u s te tr a g o n o n Al c o ck , J r ou n . Ait s a . Soc . B en g a l , v ol . 69 , p . 3 57, 1900 .

    The ra n ge Of p e c i es is fr o m Ma u r i t i u s to the Red S ea thr ou gh


    the s ,

    the I n d i a n O c ea n to T o rr es S tr a i t s a n d thr o u gh the Pa c i fi c ea s t w a rd to

    the S oc i et y I s l a n d s a n d n o rth w a rd a s fa r a s H a w a ii F o rt y s ev en S p ec i .
    —

    m e n s w e re coll ec t e d a t Pa l my r a I s l a n d .

    Uca a n n udi pes ( M il n e E d w a rd s ) .

    G e la s i mu s a n n u lip es A l c o ck , J r
    ou n . A s ia t . S oc . B en ga l , v ol . 69 p , . 3 5 3 , 1900 .

    The s p ec i es d e l y d i s tr ib u t e d r a n g i n g fro m Z a n zib a r thr ou gh the


    is w i ,

    I n d i a n a n d Pa c i fi c O c ea n s to the c oa s t s O f S ou th A m e r i ca Lo w e r C a l i ,

    fo r mi a a n d V a nc ou v e r NO rec o rd s a re k n o w n fo r Ha w a ii Ei ght s p ec i
    ,
    . .

    m e n s w e r e c o ll ec t e d a t Pa l my r a a n d 5 1 fr o m F a n n i n g I l a d I t is v e r y s n .

    c o mm o n o n F a n n i n g b u rrow i n g in the mu d fl a t s n ea r the C a bl e S t a t i on


    ,

    a n d e l s ew h e r e J u dg i n g fro m the c o ll ec t i on s ma d e a t Pa l m y r a i t w ou l d
    .

    s ee m th a t th i s s p ec i e s is n o t so c o m m o n a s the pr e c e d i n g o n e on th a t i s l a n d .
    Ed mon d s on — Cr us ta cea fr om P a lmyr a an d F a n n in g I s lan d s 9

    F a m il y G ECARC INIDAE

    Ca r d i s oma t
    r o un d u m (Q uo y an d G a im a r d ) .

    Ca r d is o m a hi r tipes D a n a U S Ex p l Ex p ed , . . .
    , vo l . 13 , Cr t us .
    , p . 3 76 1852; , pl . 2
    4 ,

    fi g 2 1855 .
    , .

    The p e c i es is kn ow n fr o m Ma d a ga sc a r F a rq u h a r At ol l a n d n u m e rou s
    s , ,

    o th e r l oc a li t i es in the I n d i a n O c e a n I n the Pac i fi c i t r a n g es fr o m the L iu .

    K iu I s l a n d s ea s t w a rd to G ua m Fij i A uc k l a n d T a h i t i a n d H a w a i i ,
    T hr ee , , , .

    S p ec i m en s w e r e t a k e n a t P a l m y r a a n d I a t F a n i n g I s l a n d n .

    Ca rd i soma ca r nlifex ( He r b s t ) .

    Ca r d is o ma ca r n i ex f A l c o ck , J r Ait
    ou n . s a . S oc . B e n ga l , v ol . 69 , p . 455 . 1900 .

    The s p ec i es
    k n ow n fro m Ma d a ga sc a r thr ou gho u t the I n d i a n Oc ea n
    is
    to the A n d a ma n s a n d Po n d i c h e rry I ts r a n ge thr o u gh the P a c i fi c is ea s t .

    w a rd to the S oc i et y I s l a n d s a n d the T ua m o t u s S tr e et s p r ev i ou s l y r ep o rt e d .

    the s p ec i es fro m th e F a n n i n g Gr ou p Pa l m y r a pr ob a bl y r e pr es en t s the .

    n o rth e r n li m i t o f its d i s tr ib u t i o n The s p ec i es d o es n o t i n h a bi t Ha w a ii.


    .

    I n the B i s h o p M u s eu m a r e 2 S p ec i m en s fr o m P a l m y r a a n d 1 6 fr om F a n
    n i n g I sl a n d T h i s b u rr ow i n g l a n d c ra b is v e ry a b u n d a n t on b oth o f th es e
    .

    i s l a n d s A l th ou gh the s p ec i es fu n c t i o n s a s a s c a v en g e r i t ha s b ec om e v e ry
    .

    Ob no x i o u s to the h u m a n i n h a bi t a n t s o f F a n i n g I s l a n d b
    y r ea s o n o f its n

    n u m b e r s a n d h a bi t s .

    F am i l y G RAPS IDA E

    G r a ps us gr a ps u s tenui cru sta tu s ( He r b s t ) .

    G r a ps u s m a c u la tu s va r . ten n ic r u s ta tu s Ki g l yn s e , P r oc . A ca d . Na t . Sc i . P hi l a .
    ,

    1880, p . 193 .

    R eco rd s o f the S p ec i es a re fro m


    B on i n I s l a n d s M a r c u s Cey l on ,
    the ,

    I s l a n d G ua m the T u a m o t u s a n d H a w a i i
    , , S tr ee t s r ec o rd e d i t fr o m the .

    "
    F a n n i g Gro p a s G aps u s r u d is M il n e Ed w a rd s A c c rd i n g to Ra th b u n
    n u r o . .

    the s u b s p ec i es is c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f the i s l a n d s o f the Pa c i fi c w h il e the s p e c i es

    Gr a ps us gr a ps u s ( Li n n a eu s ) is co n fi ed to the c on t i n en t a l bo rd e r of n

    Am e r i c a S ix s p ec i m en s w e r e t a k en a t P a l my ra a n d 1 6 a t F an n i n g I s l a n d
    . .

    '
    Bu ll . U S
    . . Fi sh Co m m , v ol . 23 p t 3 , p 838
    ,
    . .
    , 1906 .
    10 B er n i ce P . B is hop M a s ea n i -
    —
    B n l l etii z -
    .

    G e ogra ps us cr ini pe s (Dana ) .

    Ge og r a ps u s c r ini pes A l c o ck , J r ou n . As ia t . Soc . B en g a l , vol . 69 , p . 3 96 ,


    1900 .

    The s p ec i e s k n o w n thr ou gh the c e n tra l a d ea s t e r n s ec t i on s o f


    is w ell n

    the I n d i a n O c ea n a n d a l s o fr o m the C a r o li n e a n d M a r s h a ll I s l a n d s fr o m
    , ,

    F u n a f u t i the T u a m ot us T a h i t i a n d n o rth w a r d to H a w a ii a n d M a r c u s
    , ,

    I s lan d . S t r ee t s p r e v i o u s l y r e po rt e d i t fr o m th e F a n n i n g Gr ou p I t is .

    c o mm o l y f ou n d o n r o c k y s h o r e l i n es W h e r e i t is a s s o c i a t e d w i th the
    n
    pr e
    c e d i n g s u b s p e c i es w i th i n th e c o m m o n r a n g e E i ght s p ec i m e n s w e r e c o l .

    lec te d a t Pa l m y r a a n d 7 a t F a n i n g I s l a n d n .

    P a oh ygr a p su s pli ca tus ( M il n e E d w a rd s ) .

    K i g l y P r A d N t S i P hi l 1880 p 200
    P a c hy gr a ps u s pli c a tus n s e , oc . ca . a . c . a .
    . , . .

    The s p ec i e s is k n o w n fr o m the s ou th ea s t e r n co a s t o f A fr i c a the Ch a g os ,

    Ar c h i p el a go the Liu K iu I s l a n d s New C a l edo n i a the C a ro l i n e I s l a n d s


    , , ,

    an d e a s t w a rd to the Pa u m o tu s a d n o rth w a r d to H a w a i i a n d M a r c u s n

    Is l a n d . O n e s p ec i m en w a s t a k en a t Pa l m y r a a d I a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d n .

    P a chygra ps us min utus A . M E dwa rd s


    . .

    P a c hygr a ps n s m in n tus A l co c k , J r ou n, As i a t . S oc . B en g a l , v ol . 69 , p . 3 99 , 1900 .

    P rev i ou s r ec o rd s O f the s p ec i es a r e from the a n d M e rgu i A r c h i Ch a g o s


    p el a go e s Ne w C a l e d o n i a the C a r ol i n e I s l a n d s Fij i a n d H a w a i i
    , , T w en t y , .

    S p ec i m en s w e r e t a k e n a t Pa l m r a a n d
    y 3 a t Fa n n i n g Is l a d n .

    M etOp ogr a ps u s m es s o r ( F o r s k a l ) .

    M e top ogr a ps u s m es s or Al co ck ,J r Ai t
    ou n . s a . S oc . B en gal , v ol . 69 , p . 397 , 1900 .

    Th e p ec i es r a n ge s fr om
    s the A fr i c a n coa s t an d th e R e d S ea th ro u gh
    the In d i a n a n d Pa c i fi c O c ea Fij i S a m oa Ta h i t i a n d Ha w a i i I t is
    ns to , , , .

    c o m m on in H a w a ii I t ha s a l s o b e e n r ec o r d e d fro m the w e s t s h o r e O f
    .

    A fr i c a . S e v en S p ec i m en s w e r e co l l ec t e d a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d .

    Cy c l o gra ps u s a u d oui n i i (Mi lne E d w a rd s ) .

    Cy c l og ra ps u s a u d o u i n ii Da n a . U S . . Ex p l . Ex p e d .
    , vol . 13 , C rus t .
    , p . 3 59 , 1852 ;
    p l 23 fi g 2 185 5
    .
    ,
    .
    ,
    .

    Ed w a rd s l i sts
    p i fr om Ne w G u i e a D a n a w a s in d ou b t a b o u t
    the s ec e s n

    Fij i I s l a n d s o r Ne w Z ea l a n d pr ob
    .

    the l o ca l i t y O f his m a t e r i a l a s h e s a y s
    “
    ,

    a bl y th e l a tt e r S t i m p s o n r ec o rd s i t fr o m Po rt J a c k s o n A u s tr a l i a
    .
    ,
    .

    T w o s p ec i m en s w e r e t a k en a t Pa l m y r a a n d 5 a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d .
    12 B er nice P . B is hop M n s en m —
    B u lle tin

    Car pil od e s mon ti c ul osus A M E d wa rd s . . .

    C pil d
    ar m ti l
    o es Al k J r A i t S B g l l 67 p 86 1898
    on cu os us c oc , ou n . s a . oc . en a , vo .
    , .
    , .

    The S p ec i es is k n ow n fr o m the I n d i a n O c ea n a n d r a n ge s th r ou gh the


    Pa c i fi c to the T u a mo t u s a n d to H a w a ii w h e re i t is v e r y c omm on .

    On e s p ec im e n t w a s t ak en a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d .

    Ca rp fl od es pall i d us B o r r a d a ile .

    Ca rpil o d es pa lli d u s B o r ra d a il e , P r oc . 200 1 S o c Lo n d on . .


    ,
    1900, p 586, p l 40, fi g 1
    . . . .

    P r ev i o u s fro m the Ch a gos a n d Ma l d i v e A rc h i p el a goes in


    r ec o rd s a re

    the I n d i a n O c ea n a n d Ro t u m a in the Pa c i fi c F ou r s p ec i m en s w e r e col .

    l ected a t Pa l m y r a a n d 3 a t Fan n i n g I s l a n d .

    Ca r pil od es v ia ll a n tin us (A M . . E d w a rd s ) .

    Ca r pil o d es v ia l /a n i m s Al c ock J ou r
    u t S B g l l 67 p 85 1898 ,
    n . As ia . oc . en a , vo .
    , .
    , .

    The S p ec i e s r a n g es fr o m M a u r i t i u s thr ou gh the I n d i a n O ce a n a n d i s


    k n ow n in the Pa c i fi c fr o m Fij i S a moa a n d Ha w a i i E l ev en s p ec i m en s , .

    w e r e coll ec t e d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    Ca r pil od es A l coc k
    ca r i os u s .

    C pi l d
    ar o esi Al k J r A i t S B g l l 67 p 86 1898
    ca r os u s co c , ou n . s a . oc . en a , vo .
    , .
    , .

    The S p ec i e s is r ec o rd e d b y A l c oc k fr o m O ff C ey l on in 26 V 3 4 f a th o m s 2
    -
    ,

    a n d Of f A n d a m a n s in 1 0 1 5 f a th o m s -
    R a th b u n re p o rt s i t fro m S a l o m on .

    a n d Am i r a n t e I s l a n d s a n d o th e r l o c a l i t i e s in the w e s t e r n I n d i a n O c ea n a t

    d e pth s d ow n to 80 fa th oms B or ra d a ile r ec o rd s the s p ec i es f r o m the M a l


    .

    d i v e A rc h i p e l a go a t d e pth s fr om 20 40 fa th om s C a l ma n r ep o rt s i t fr om —
    .

    Ch r i s t ma s I s l a n d in the I n d i a n O c ea n TW O s p ec i m en s coll ec t e d a t Pa l .

    m y r a I s l a n d o ne b y C M o t a g u e C oo k e in 1 9 1 3 a n d o n e b y M r L A
    , . n . . .

    T h u r s t on in 1 922 c o rr es p o n d v e ry c l o s el y b o th in s tr uc t u r a l f ea t u r es a n d
    ,

    co l o r a t i on w i th A l coc k s d es c r i pt i o n O f th i s s p ec i es F r om p r e v i ou s l y r e
    ’
    .

    p o rt e d l oc a li t i es the n o rm a l h a bi t a t O f the s p ec i es w ou l d s eem h o w e v e r


    , , ,

    to b e a t s o m ew h a t gr ea t e r d e pth s th a n the s h a ll o w w a t e r O f the r ee f fr om


    w h i c h the Pa l my r a S p e c i m en s w e r e t a k en .

    Li omera ci n cti ma ua ( Wh i t e ) .

    Li o m e r a c i n c tim o u a A l coc k , J ou rn . As i a t . S oc . B en g a l , v ol . 67 , p . 88 , 1898 .

    The p ec i es r a n g es fr om M a u r i t i u s thr ou gh the I n d i a n a n d Pa c i fic


    S

    O c ea s to the w es t c oa s t O f No rth A m e r i c a
    n NO r ec o rd s a r e k no w n fo r .

    Ha w a i i T h e r e is o n e S p ec i m en in the B i s h o p M us eu m from Pa l m y ra
    .

    I s l a nd .
    Ed mon d s on — Cr u s ta cea fr om P a lmyr a an d F a n n i n g I s lan d s 13

    P la t y p odia ey d ouxi (A M . . E d w a rd s ) .

    L opha c ta ea ey d oux i M Ed A . . w rd a s, No u v A . r ch . M u s Na t H i st Pa r i s I
    . . .
    , , p 248 ,
    .

    p l 16 fi g 2 1865 .
    , .
    , .

    The p ec i es is a pp a r en t l y d i st r ib u t e d fr om the S u l u S ea a n d the


    s c oa s t
    O f Ja p a n thr ou gh the Pa c i fi c to T a h i t i i n c l u d i n g Ha w a ii w h e r e is is ,
    co m

    m on Tw o s p ec i m en s w e r e t a k e n a t Pa l my r a I s l a n d
    . .

    t
    P l a y p od ia d i gi ta l i s R a th b u n .

    P la ty pod ia d igi ta lis Rt a h b un , M em Mu s . . C omp . Z l oo .


    , v ol . 35 p . 38 p l
    , . 1 fig 6 , .

    p l 9, figs 4, 4a , . . 1907 .

    P r e v i ou s r ec o rd s of p ec i es i nc l u d e the Ca rol i n e
    the S Is l a n d s an d T ah i t i .

    On e S p e c i m en was co ll ec t e d a t P a l m y r a I s l a n d .

    t
    P l a y p od ia fi s sa ( H en d e r s o n ) .

    L opha c ta ea fi s s a Hen d e r s o n ,
    Tr ans . Li n n . S oc . Z l gy oo o , V ol . 5 , p . 3 55 , pl . 36 ,

    fi gs 8 83 , 1893 .
    , .

    The typ e
    r ec o rd e d fro m T u t i c o r i n B a y O f B en ga l b y H en d e rs on
    is , ,
    .

    A l coc k say s I t a pp ea r s to m e p os s ibl e th a t th i s w h i c h s eem s to b e fo u n d


    s “
    ,

    ed On a S i n g l e S p ec i m en is o n l y a n i n d i v i d u a l v a r i a t i o n O f L opha c ta ea , .

    ”
    gra n n l os a .

    Aft e r c a r e f u ll y c om p a r i n g the S p ec i m en in the B i s h op M u seum w i th


    He n d e rs o n s d e s c r i pt i o n a n d figu r e I a m i n c li n e d h o w e v e r to b e l i e v e th a t
    ’

    , , ,

    his s p ec i es is a goo d o n e O n e S p e c i m e n w a s co ll ec t e d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d
    . .

    L oph o z oz y mus p ul ch ell us A . M . E d wa rd s .

    L oph oz oz y mn s pu lc h ellu s A M Ed w a r d s An n S oc En to m
    . .
    , . . . Fra n ce , v ol
    7 .
    ,

    273 , 1867 ; No u v Arc h: M u s H i st Na t Pa r i s v ol 9 205 p l 7 fig 3


    p
    Rt p
    . . . . .
    , , .
    ,
    .
    , .
    , .
    ,

    b Tr
    1873 — a h un , Li
    . ans S l 14 p 214 . nn . oc .
    , vo .
    ,
    .
    , 19 10 19 12 —
    .

    R a th b u n r ec o rd s the s p e c i es fr om the S eyc h e ll es a n d the Ch a gos Ar c h i


    p e l a g o in the I n d i a n O c ea I t p r o b a bl y o cc u r s in m a n y l oc a li t ie s in the n .

    Pa c i fi c T h e re a r e tw o s p ec i m en s in the B i s h o p M u s eu m fro m H a w a i i
    . .

    O n e S p e c i m en w a s c o ll ec t e d a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d .

    Xa n t h o cra s si man us A . M E d w a rd s
    . .

    X a n th o ( Lep to d -in s ) c r a s s i m a nn s Al c oc k , J r ou n . As i a t . Soc . B en ga l , v ol . 67 , p .

    120, 1898 .

    Loc a l i t i es fr o m w h i c h the s p ec i es h a s p r e v i o u s l y b e e n
    .
    r e p o rt ed i n c l u d e
    the A n d a m a n s K a r ac h i C ey l o n a n d H a w a ii
    , T h e r e is a
    s p ec i m e n in the
    , .

    B i s h o p M us eu m from A u s tr a li a w h i c h ha s a c a ra p a c e 46 mm in b r ea dth . .

    S m a ll e r s p e c i m e n s h a v e fr e q uen t l y b ee n t a k e o n Wa i k i k i r e e f O ah u n , .

    Tw o S p ec i m en s w e r e c o ll ec t ed a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d .

    “
    J r A i t S B g l l 67 p 103 1898
    ou n . ss a . oc . en a ,
    vo .
    , .
    , .
    I 4 B er n-i c e P . B is hop M u s e i ti H -
    B i i ll d ii i

    L eptod ius s an g u i neus ( M il ne E d w a rd s ) .

    Ch l or o d in s s a n g ui n e u s Da n a , U . S . Ex p l . Ex p e d , v ol . 13 , Cr t us .
    , p . 207 ,
    185 2;
    pl . 1 1, fi gs . Il a -d . 1855 .

    The p ec i es r a n g e s from the C ha gos Arc h i p el a go a n d the Pe r s i a n G u l f


    s

    thr ou gh the I n d i a n a n d Pa c i fi c O ce a n s to the Liu Kiu I s l an d s a n d ea s t


    w a r d to th e T u a m o t us i c l u d i n g M a r c u s I s l a n d a n d H a w a i i n .

    I t i s v e r y a bu n d a n t on the r ee f s o f O a h u H a w a i i El ev en s p ec i m en s , .

    w e r e c o ll e c t e d a t Pa l m y r a a n d 86 a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d .

    L eptod i us g ra cil i s ( D a n a ) .

    C h l or o d iu s gr a cilis D a n a U S Ex p ] , . . . E x p ed , v ol . 13 , Cr t us .
    , p . 210 185 2 ; , pl . 11 ,

    fi g 13 18 55 .
    , .

    P r ev i ou s
    re c o rd s o f the s p ec i es i n c l u d e the Ch a gos A r c h i p e l a g o ,

    Ko g J a p a n the C a r o l i n e I s l a n d s Wa k e I s l a n d a n d H a w a i i Fi v e
    n , , ,
    .

    m e n s w e r e c o ll ec t e d a t Pa l m y r a a n d 3 a t Fa n n i g I s l a d n n .

    L epto di u s nu d i pes ( Dana ) .

    X an th o ( Lep to d iu s ) n u di pes A l c o ck , J ou r n As ia t . S oc . B en g a l , v ol . 67 , p . 121,


    1898 .

    The s p ec i e s
    p re v io u s l y b ee n r ec o rd e d fr om the w es t e r n I n d i a n
    ha s
    O cea n fr om the A n d a m a n s the M e rgu i Ar c h i p e l a go a n d fr o m Ha w a i i
    , , .

    O e p ec i m e n w a s c o ll ec t e d a t Pa l my r a I s l a n d
    n s .

    L ep to d ius exa ra tus a cu ti d en s S t i m p son .

    L ep to d i u s ex a r a tus v a r a c u ti d en s S i m p so n . t , t
    S m i h s o n i a n Mis c e ll . C llo .
    , v ol . 49 .

    p 5 5 p l 6 fi g 7 1907
    .
    , .
    , .
    , .

    Th e t y p e l o ca l i t y is the L iu K iu I s l a n d s . I t ha s fr eq u en t l y b ee n t a k e n

    on Wa i k i k i r ee f ,
    O ahu . On e s p ec i m en w as c o ll ec t e d a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d .

    L eptod i u s m ol ok a i en si s R a th b u n .

    L ep to d iu s m o l o lca ie ns is R a thb un , Bu ll . U S
    . . Fi s h Com m v o l. 23 , pt . 3 . p . 847 .

    pl 9 fig 1 a n d e
    .
    , . t xt -
    fig . 10 1906 . .

    Rath b u n ha s r ec o r d e d the s p ec i es fr o m Off the c oa s t O f Mo l ok a i O f the


    Ha w a i i a n Gr o u p w h i c h is the t y p e l o c a li t y a d fr o m S a l o mo n a n d A m i r
    , ,
    n

    a n t e I s l a d s in the I n d i a
    n O ce an I h a v e n o t f ou n d p u bli s h e d r e p o rt s o f
    n .

    the s p e c i es fr o m o th e r l o ca l i t i es I t ha s b een t a k e n h o w e v e r o n Wa i k i k i .
    , .

    r ee f H o ol u l u O e s p ec i m en w a s co l l ec t ed a t Pa l my ra a n d 1 a t F a n n i n g
    ,
    n . n

    Isla d T h es e a e b o th l a rg e w e l l d e v e l o p e d s p ec i m e s w i th the s p ec i fi c
    '

    n . r ,
    n

    c ha r a c t e r i s t i c s c l e a r l
    y m a rk e d .
    16 B er ni c e P -
    . B is ho p M us eu m — B u lle tin

    A c ta ea s peci osa ( D ana ) .

    A c ta ea s pec i os a J A l
    A i t S B g l l 67 p 143 1898
    co ck , ou r n . s a . oc . en a , vo .
    , .
    , .

    Th e s p e c i e s is d i s tr ib u t ed fr o m the Pe r s i a n G u l f a n d the C e n tr a l I n d i a n
    Ocea n to C ey l on a n d is a l s o k n o w n fr o m G u a m S a m oa F u n a f u t i a n d , ,

    n o rth w a rd to Ha w a i i F ou r S p ec i m ens w e r e c o ll ec t ed a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d
    .
    .

    Ac ta ea ga rr etti R a th b u n .

    A c ta ea ga r r etti Rt a h b un , Bu ll . U. S . Fi s h Co m m .
    , v ol . 23 , pt . 3 , p . 852 p l , . 9 ,

    fi g 8 1906
    .
    , .

    P r e v i ou s rec o r d s O f the s p ec i e s a r e fr om s uc h w i d el y s ep a ra t e d r eg i o n s
    as M a u r i t iu s , the Ch a gos A rc h i p el a g o Ki n gs m ill I s l a n d s the So c i et y
    , ,

    Isl a n ds and H a wa i i .

    One s p ec i m en was t a k en at Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    Ac ta ea ca v i pes ( Dan a ) .

    A c ta eo d es ca v ipes D an a U , . S Ex p l E x p e d
    . .
    , v ol . 13 , Cr t us .,
    p . 199 , 18 52; pl . 11 ,

    figs . 5a an d 5b 185 5 , .

    The p ec i es is k n o w n fro m M a u r i t i u s
    S and Ch a go s A r c h i p el a g o to
    the
    the P e r s i a n G u l f a n d ea s t w a r d to I n d i a . R ec o rd s in the Pa c i fi c i nc l u d e
    F u n a fu t i Fij i S a mo a the S oc i et y I s l a n d s
    , , , a n d the T u a m ot u s Fi v e s p ec i .

    m e n s w e r e c o ll ec t e d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    Da i r a p e r l a t a ( He r b s t ) .

    D a ir a per la ta A l c o ck , J r ou n . As i a t . S oc . B e n ga l , v ol . 67 , p . 15 5 , 1898 .

    Th e s p ec i es is k n o w n fr om M a u r i t i u s Chr i s t m a s I s l a n d the Ch a gos , ,

    Ar c h i p el a go a d th r ou gh the I n d O Pa cifi c r eg i on to the Liu Kiu Is l a n d s


    n -

    a n d ea s t w a rd to S a m o a a n d T a h i t i NO r eco rd s a r e k n ow n fo r H a w a ii . .

    Fi v e p ec i m en s w e r e c oll ec t e d a t Pa l my r a a n d 3 a t Fa n n i n g I s l a d
    s n .

    X a n th ia s l a ma r ck i i ( M i l n e E d w a rd s ) .

    X a n th od es la m a r c k u Al co c k , J r ou n . A s ia t . S oc . B e n ga l , v o l. 67 . p . 15 7 , 1898 .

    The ra ng e of the s p ec i e s in the I n d i a n O ce a n is fr om Ma d a ga s c a r and

    Mau r i t i u s C eyl o
    to L o c a li t i es in the Pa c i fi c fr om w h i c h i t ha s b ee
    n . n

    r ep o rt ed i c l u d e the Ph il i pp i n es T o rr es S tr a i t s F a f u t i S a m oa the
    n , , un . ,

    S o c i e ty I s l a n d s a n d the T u a m o t u s No r ec o r d is k n o w n for H a w a ii . .

    O n e s p e c i m e n w a s t a k e n a t Pa l m y r a a n d 2 7 a t F a i ng Isla n d nn .
    Ed mon d s on —
    C r u s ta c ea fr o m P a lmyr a an d F a nn in g I s lan d s 17

    Li oxa nth o t umi d us A l c o c k .

    L i ox a n th t mi d
    o Al k Ju A i t S
    us B g l co c l 6 7 p 9 1 1898
    ,
    ou r n . s a . oc . en a , vo .
    , .
    , .

    The S p e c i es ha s b e e n r ep o rt e d b y A l coc k fr om the A d a m a n ns and

    S a m oa . O e s p ec i m en w a s co ll ec t e d a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d
    n .

    M ic r opanope s ex l ob a ta Ra th b u n .

    M i cr opa n ope s e x l ob a ta R a th b un , Bu ll . U . S . Fi s h Com m , v ol . 23 , p t . 3 , p . 85 6 ,

    pl . 9 fi g 13 , 1906
    , . .

    The S p ec i es ha s b een r e p o rt e d b y Ra th b u n fr om the t yp e l oca li ty in th e


    v i c i n i ty of La ysa n Islan d T hr ee s p ec i m en s w e r e t a k en a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d
    . .

    Ch l or od i ell a r ( F or sk a l )
    n i ge .

    C hl d i ll
    or o ig Al k J r A i t S B g l l 67 p 160 1898
    e a n er coc , ou n . s a . oc . en a , vo .
    , .
    ,
    .

    The S p ec i e s r a n g es fro m Chr i s t ma s I s l a n d th e S eyc h e ll e s a n d the R e d ,

    S ea thr ou gh the I n d i a n Oc ea n a n d is a l so k n ow n fr o m the Liu K iu a n d


    C a r o li n e I s l a n d s T o rr es S t ra i t s A u s t ra l i a Lo rd How e I s l a n d F u n a fu t i
    , , , , ,

    Fij i the Soc i ety I s l a n d s the T u a m ot u s a n d n o rth w a r d to H a w a i i a d


    , ,
    n

    Wa k e I sl a n d .

    T h i rt y fi v e s p ec i m en s w e r e t a k en a t Pa l m y ra a n d 3 6 a t F a n n i n g I s l a d
    -
    n .

    Phy mdi o us n iti d us ( D a na ) .

    P i lo d iu s n i ti d u s D a n a , U . S . Ex p l . Ex p ed .
    , v ol . 13 ,
    C r us t .
    , p . 218 ,
    1852 ; pl . 12,
    fi g 7 , 185 5. .

    The S p ec i es
    b een r e p o rt e d from th e I n d i a n O c e a n fr om S a m oa
    ha s , ,

    a n d fr o m H a w a i i w h e r e i t is v e r y c ommo n T w e l v e s p e c i m e n s w e r e c ol .

    l e c ted a t Pa l m y r a a n d 3 a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d .

    B hy mod i us u n gul a tu s (Mi l ne d rd s ) E wa .

    P hy m o d i n s n n gn la tn s Al k J
    coc r Ai t , ou n . s a l l 67 p 162 1898
    . Soc . B en g a , vo .
    , .
    ,
    .

    The p ec i es ra ges
    S n thr ou gh the I n d i a n a n d Pa c i fi c O c ea n s fr o m M a u r i

    t i u s to th e T u a m ot u s an d H a w a ii . T w en t y on e s p e c i m e n s w e re co l l ec t ed
    -

    a t Pa l my r a I s l a d n .

    Chl or od op s i s s ca b r i cul us ( D an a ) .

    P i lo di u s s ca b r i c n l n s Dan a , U S Ex p l E x p e d
    . . . .
    , vol . 13 , Crust .
    , p . 220 185 2; , pl .

    12, fi g 9 .
    , 185 5 .

    The p ec i e s ha s b ee r ep o rt ed fr o m Coetiv y I d i a n O c ea n the B a l i


    S n . n .

    b a c Pa s s a g e T a h i t i the T u a m otu s a d H a w a ii Ten s p e c i m en s w e r e t a k e n


    , ,
    n .

    a t Pa l my r a a n d 3 a t Fa n i n g I s l a d n n .
    18 B e r ni c e P . B is /lo p Ilf ns eu m— B u lle tin

    Cy mo q ua d ril ob a tu s Mi e r s .

    Cy m o q u a d r i l o b a l u s A l c oc k , J o urn . As ia t . S oc . B en ga l , vo l . 67 p, . 175 ,
    1898 .

    The p ec i e s is k n o w n fr om the Ch a go s A rc h i p el a g o Li tt l e A n d a ma n
    S , ,

    Pa l k S tr a i t a n d F u n a f u t i NO r ec o rd s a r e k n w n fo r H a w a i i Fi v e s p e c i
    . o .

    m en s w e r e c o ll e c t e d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    Cy mo mel a no d a ctyl us De H a a n .

    Cy m o m ela no d a c tyl u s Al c oc k , J r ou n . As i a t . S oc . B e ng a l , v ol . 67 , p . 174 , 1898 .

    The p ec i es is a pp a re n t l y w i d e l y d i s tr ib u t e d throu gh the c en tr a l a n d


    s

    ea s t e r n s e c t i o n s O f the I n d i a n O c e a n a n d ea s t w a rd to Ch i n a J a pa n a n d ,

    the B on i n I s l a n d s I t is a l s o k n o w n fr o m A u s tr a l i a F ij i the S oc i e t y
    .
    , ,

    I s l a n d s a n d the T ua m o t u s NO r ec o rd s a re fr o m H a w a ii
    . O ne s p ec i m en .

    w a s c o ll ec t e d a t Pa l m y r a a n d 2 a t F a r mi n g I s l a n d At Fa n n i n g the s p ec i es .

    is a s soc i a t e d w i th d ea d c o r a l in the l a g oo n .

    Cy m o a n d r e os s yi ( Aud o u i n ) .

    Cy m a a n d r eos s y i A l co c k , J r Ait ou n . s a . Soc . B e n ga l , v ol . 67 p , . 173 , 1898 .

    The s p ec i e sv e ry w i d e d i s tr ib u t i o thro ugh the In d i a n a n d Pa c i fi c


    ha s a n

    O c ea n s .I n the Pa c i fi c i t is k n o w n fr o m the s h o r es O f J a p a n ea s t w a rd to
    T a h i t i NO r e c o rd s a r e from H a w a ii T w en t y on e s p ec i m en s w ere col
    . .
    -

    lec te d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    P s e u d oz i us ca y s trus ( Ad a m s and Wh i t e ) .

    P s eu d os in s ca ys tr u s Al c oc k , J r ou n . As i a t . S oc . B en ga l , v ol . 67 p, . 18 1 . 1898 .

    The p ec i es r a n ges fro m the Re d S ea throu gh the ea s t e r n I n d ia n Oc ea n


    s

    a n d is a l s o k n o w n fro m the P h ili pp i n e s S a m oa the T u a m o t u s a n d Wa k e , ,

    Is la n d. I t ha s o t b ee n r e co rd ed fr o m Ha w a ii
    n Fi ft y n i n e s p ec i m en s w e r e .
    -

    t a k e n a t Pa l my ra a n d 74 a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d At F a n n i n g i t is o n e O f the .

    m o s t c o m m o n s p ec i es u d e r the s t o n e s in s h a ll o w w a t e r b o th in the l a
    n ,

    goon a n d o n the o u t e r r ee f .

    P s eu d oz i u s i n orn a tu s Da na .

    P s e u d oz i us i n o r n a l u s D a na , U . S . Ex p l . Ex p ed , vol . 13 , Cr t us .
    , p . 23 4 , 1852 ;
    p l 13 figs 7a 7c 18 55
    -
    .
    , .
    , .

    The p ec i e s ha s p r ev i o u s l y b een r e po rt e d fro m


    s Ha w a n . Ei ght y s ix -

    S p e c i me n s w e r e t a k en a t F a n i n g I s l a d n n .
    20 B er n i c e
    - P . B is hop M u s eu m — B u ll etin

    T ra pez i a cymod oce ( He r b s t )


    Tr a pez i a Al k J r A i t S B g l l 67 p 219 1898
    cy mo d oc e c oc , ou n , s a . oc . en a , vo .
    , .
    , .

    The s p ec i es is w i d el y d i s tr ib u t e d thr ou gh o u t th e I n d i a n a n d Pa c i fi c
    O cea s w h e r e v e r th e r e a re c o r a l r ee f s ra n gi n g n o rth w a rd in the Pa c i fi c
    n ,

    to H a w a ii Wi th oth e r s p ec i es o f the gen u s i t is a s s oc i a t e d w i th l i v i n g


    .

    co ra l . T h i rt y fi v e s p e c i m en s w e r e c ol l ec t e d a t P a l my ra I s l a n d NO c oll ee
    -
    .

    t i o n s O f a n i m a l s a ssoc i a t e d w i th l i v i n g c o ra l w e r e m a d e a t F a r mi n g I s l a n d .

    H en c e th e re a r e in the B i s h o p M us eu m n o r e pr e se n t a t i v e s o f T r a p e zi a fr o m
    Fa n n i g n .

    T ra pez ia cymod oce ferru g’mea ( L a t re i l l e) .

    Al k
    Tr a pez ia fer r u gin eu s B
    coc g l , J ou rn As i a t S oc
    l 67 p 220 1898 . . . en a . vo .
    , .
    ,
    .

    The r a n g e o f the S p ec i e s is fr om the Ch a go s Ar c h i p el a g o the S ey ,

    c h e ll es a n d th e R e d S ea to C ey l o n a n d th r ou gh the Pa c i fi c to Ha w a i i the ,

    T u a m o t u s a n d Ea s t e r I s l a n d It is a l s o k n o w n from the s h o r es Of M ex i c o
    .

    a d Pa n a m a B a y
    n I t is a s s oc i a t e d w i th l i v i n g co r a l
    . O n e h u n d r ed a d . n

    tw o s p ec i m e n s w e r e co ll e c t e d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    T ra pez i a cym o d oce in t er med i a M i er s .

    Tr a pez ia fer r ugi n ea v a r . i n ter m e d ia M i e r s, Vo y g a e O f th e Ch ll g r a en e , v ol . 17 .

    y rr
    B a c h u a p 168 p l 12 fi g 2 1886
    ,
    .
    , .
    , .
    , .

    P r e v i ous r ec o rd s a re fro m
    Ch a gos A rc h i p el a g o fro m o ff the c oa s t
    th e ,

    of B u r ma a n d fr o m
    , H a w a ii w h e r e i t is v e ry c o m m o n a s so c i a t e d w i th the ,

    c o ra l s P o c il lopor a ligu la ta D a n a a n d P oc i ll opor a m ea n d r i a v a r


    .
    o b il is ,
    n . n .

    V e rr ill F ou r S p ec i m en s w e r e c oll ec t e d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d
    . .

    T r a pez ia r uf opun cta ta ( He r b s t ) .

    Tr a pez ia ru fo/ mn c ta ta Al c ock , J ou r n . As ia t . So c . B en g a l . v ol . 67 . p . 222 1898 , .

    Th e ra g e O f the s p ec i es is fr om the Red S ea th e A m i ra n t e I s l a n d s


    n .

    a d th e Ch a g o s Ar c h i p e l a g o th ro u gh the I n d i a
    n a n d Pa c i fi c O c ea n s to th e n

    T u a m o t u s a n d to Ha w a ii I t is a s s o c i a t ed w i th T f e r ugin ea
    . E i ght . r .

    s p ec i m e n s a r e i n the B i h o p M u s e u m fr o m P a l m r a I s l a n d
    s
    y .

    T r a pez i a d i g i ta l i s ( La tr e il l e ) .

    Tr a pez ia d igi ta lis Al c ock , J r ou n . A s i a t S oc . . B e n ga l , v ol . 67 .


    p . 222 1898 ,
    .

    P r e v i o u s r eco rd s o f the s pec ie a r e fro m M a u r i t i u s Chr i t m a s I s l a n d s


    '

    . s .

    th e Ch a g o s A r c h i p e l a g o a n d the R e d S ea a l s o fr o m l oc a l i t i e s in th e e a s t ,

    ern I d i a Oc ea
    n n fr om Pa l k S t ra i t C eyl o F u n a f u t i a d Ha w a i i I t i
    n , ,
    n, n . s

    a l s o k o w n fr o m C a p e S t
    n Lu c a s M e x i co a d Pa n a m a B a y
    .
    I n Ha w a i i n
    , .
    Ed m on d s on — Cr u s ta cea fr om P a lmyr a a nd F a n n i n g I s la n d s 21

    i t is v e ry c o mmo n b e i n g a s soc i a t e d W i th c o ra l s o f the g en u s


    , Poc il lo p or a .

    T h i rty n i n e s p ec i men s w e r e c oll ec t e d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d


    -
    .

    Tetra l ia gl a b er ri ma ( He r b s t ) .

    l k J r A i t S B g l l 67 p 223 1898
    Te tr a lia gla b er r i ma A coc , ou n . s a . oc . en a , vo .
    , .
    , .

    The s p ec i es r a n g e s thr ou gh the I n d i a n Oc ea n a n d is k n ow n fr o m Ho n g


    K on g ea s t w a rd thr ou gh the Pa c i fi c to the So c i et y I s l a n d s the T ua m otu s ,

    a n d the M a rq u e s a s No r ec o rd s a r e k n o w n fo r H a w a i i
    . Fo rt y fou r S p ec i .
    —

    m en s w e r e t a k e a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d
    n .

    D ome cia hi s pi d a E yd o u x an d S ou l e y e t .

    D o mec ia his pi d aAl k J r A i t S B g l l 67 p 230 1898


    c oc , ou n . s a . oc . en a , vo .
    , .
    , .

    The S p e c i e s is r e p o rt e d fr o m the c en tr a l a n d ea s t e r n s ec t i o n s o f the


    I n d i a n O cea n a n d fro m F u n a f u t i T a h i t i the T ua m otu s a n d H a w a n a s
    , , ,

    fa r n o rth a s La y sa n I s l a n d I t is a l s o k n o w n fr om the We s t I n d i es
    . The .

    B i s h o p M u s eu m ha s 33 s p ec i m en s fro m Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    L y b ia t es sela t a ( La tr e i ll e ) .

    M elia tes s e la ta B o r r a d a il e , Fa u n a and G eo gr . M a l d iv e an d La cca d iv e A r c hipe la


    goes , v ol . 1, p 250, fi g 49, 1903
    . . .

    The p ec i es is k n o w n fro m M a u r i t i u s Chr i s t ma s I sl a n d the Ch a gos


    S , ,

    Arc h i p el a go a d the ea s t e r n I n d i a n O c ea n Rec o rd e d l oc a li t i e s in the


    n .

    Pa c i fi c a r e n o t n u m e r ou s I ts n o rth e r n li m i t o f d i s t r ib u t i on s eem s to b e
    .

    H a w a ii w h e r e i t ha s fr e q u en t l y b e en t a k e n The s p ec i es u sua ll y ca rr i e s .

    a sea a n e m on e in on e or b o th c h e li p e d s T h i rt een s p ec i m en s w e re c o ll ec t e d .

    a t Pa l m y r a a n d 5 a t F a r mi n g I s l a n d .

    F a m i l y PORTU N IDAE

    L iss oca r cin us r b i cul a ris D a n a


    ‘
    ’

    o .

    L iss o c a r c in u s or bi l i A l
    cu ar s k J r A i t S B g l l 68 p 20 1899
    c oc , ou n . s a . oc . en a , vo .
    , .
    , .

    The p ec i es
    s is k n o w n fr om the I n d i a n O c ea n a n d fr o m Fij i a n d Ha w a i i
    in the P ac i fi c . T W O S p e c i m en s w e re c o ll e c t e d on the o u t e r ree f a t F a n n i n g
    Is la n d .

    Ca r upa l a ev ius cul a H e l l e r .

    C a r upa l k J r A i t S B g l l 68 p 26 1899
    la ev i n s c u la A co c , ou n . s a . oc . en a , vo .
    , .
    , .

    The r an g e O f the S p ec i es is fr om Ma u r i t i u s thro u gh the In d i a n O c e a n ,

    an d fro m S a m o a n o rth w a rd a s fa r a s La y sa n I s l a n d a n d ea s t w a rd to the ,


    Be r nice P . B is ho p I n s en m—
    IV B u ll eti n

    T ua m o t u s . I t is n ot u n c om m on o n Wa i k i k i r ee f ,
    Ho n o l u l u . One s p ec i
    m en w a s co ll ec t e d at Fa n n i n g Is l a n d .

    r
    P o tun u s pu be s cen s ( Dana ) .

    L u pa p u b es c e n a Da n a , U S . . Ex p l . Ex p e d .
    , v ol . 13 , Cr t us .
    , p . 274, 1852; pl . 16,
    fi g 9 1855 .
    , .

    The pr e v i ou s r ec o rd s a r e fr om H a w a i i w h e r e i t is a fa i r l y c o mm o n

    fo rm . O e S p ec i m en w a s co ll ec t e d
    n at P a l my r a I s l a n d .

    P or t un u s ( Ac h el ou s ) gra n ul a tu s (A M . . E d wa rd s ) .

    Nep tu n u s ( A c hel o u s ) gr a n u la tu s Al cock , J r Ait


    ou n, s a . S o c B en g a. l , v ol . 68 p 45
    , .
    ,

    1899 .

    The p ec i es is w i d el y d i s tr ib u t ed r a n g i n g fro m e a s t A fr i c a a n d the


    S ,

    Re d S e a th ro u gh the I n d i a n a n d Pa c i fi c O c ea n s to Ne w C a l ed o n i a a n d
    J a p a n a n d eas t w a r d to Fij i the S oc i et y I s l a n d s a n d the T u a m ot u s a n d
    ,

    n o rth w a rd to H a w a i i a s fa r a s La y s a n I s l a n d I t w a s pr e v i ou s l y r e p o rt ed .

    b y S tr ee t s fr o m the F a n n i n g Gr ou p .

    On e S p ec i m e n w a s c o ll ec t e d a t Pa l my r a I s l a n d in 1 9 22 .

    C h a ry b di s ( Cha ry b di s ) cook ei R a th b u n ( new s p ec i es ) .


    10

    T yp e l oc a l i t y P a l my r a I s l a n d C o ll ec t ed b y C Mon t a gu e C ook e J r
    , . . .

    in 19 13 Ty p e s p e c i m en in the B i s h o p M u s eu m NO 98 3
    .
    , . .

    Th al a mita e d wa r d s i B o r r a d a il e .

    Tha la m ita e d wa r d s i B o r r a d a il e , P oc S o c Lo n d on 1900 p 5 79 ; r Z l Fa un a


    Rt
    oo . . .
    , , , .

    a n d G eo g r M a d iv e a n d La cc a d iv e
    . l
    c hi p e a g oe s v ol 1 p 202 1902: Ar l , .
    , .
    , a h ~

    b un B u , C ll
    U S Fi s h o mm v o l 23 , p t 3 p 873 1906
    . . . .
    , . .
    , .
    , .

    The s p ec i e s is k n o w n fr o m the I n d i a n Oc ea n fr om F u n a f u t i a n d fr om ,

    Ha w a i i .I t is v e ry a b u n d a t in S h a ll o w w a t e r o n the r ee f s o f Oa h u
    n One .

    s p ec i m en w a s c o ll ec t e d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    Tha la mi ta a ua ue n s is Ra th b u n .

    Tha la n z ita a n a n e n s is Rta h b un , Bu ll . U S


    . . Fi s h C omm .
    , v ol . 23 p t 3 p 847 , 1906
    , .
    , . .

    The pre v i ou s r eco r d o f the s p ec i e s is from H a w a i i .

    S e v e n s p ec i m e n s c o rr e s p o d i n g v e r y c l o s e l y to th i s S p ec i e s n we r e t a k en
    at Pa l m y ra I s l a n d .

    De sc ri b ed by Ma ry J . Rt a h b un on pa ge 39 .
    24 B er n i c e P . B is hop M us eu m— B u lletin

    t ab u , theT u a mo t us a nd no rth w a rd to Ha w a n . One S p ec i m en was co ll ect ed


    at Fa n n i n g I s l a n d .

    Fami l y CA LA-PPIDAE
    Cal a ppa s pi n ost
    iss i ma M il n e E d w a rd s .

    C a la ppa s Al k J r A i t S
    pi n os is s i ma c oc , ou n . s a . oc . B e n ga l , v ol . 65 , p . 144 , 1896 .

    The pr ev i ou s r ec o rd s a r e fr o m the I n d i a n O c ea n . Tw o s p ec i m en s we re
    c o l l ec t ed a t Pal m y r a I s l a n d .

    F a m i l y L EU C OS HDAE
    Nu c i a s pec osa i D ana .

    Nu c i a s pec i os a Da n a , U . S . Ex p l . Ex p e d .
    , vo l . 13 . Cr t us .
    , p . 3 97 ,
    185 2 ; pl . 25 ,

    fig 5 .
    , 185 5 .

    The pr ev i ou s r ec o rd o f the s p ec i es is fro m Ha w a ii . I t ha s fr eq u en t l y


    b een t a k en on Wa i k i k i r ee f H on ol u l u ,
    .

    O n e s p ec i m en w a s c o ll e c t e d a t F a n n i g I s l a n d n .

    F a m il y H A PA LO C ARC l Nl DA E

    Ha pa l oca rcinu s ma r s u pia l is S t i mp so n .

    H a pa l o ca r c in us ma r s u pi a ln s S i m p so n P o c B o s on S o c Na t H i st v o l 6 p t ,
    r . t . .
    , .
    , .

    412 1856 5 8 : ,a ma n an s
    -
    Li n n S oc Cl
    o o o gy v ol 8 p 43 1900 : Po t s , Tr . . .
    , Z l ,
    .
    , .
    , t ,

    r r t
    a n e gi e I n s i u i on o f Wa s hi n g r l y Cr tt t
    ,

    Pa p e s f om D e p m a i n e B i o o g o f th e .

    ton v o l 8 p 3 5 , .
    , .
    ,

    The p ec i es is k n o w n fr o m the I n d i a n Oc ea n T o rr es S tr a i t s a n d gen


    s ,

    e ra l ly th r o u gh the P ac i fi c n o rth w a rd to H a w a i i w h e re i t i s v e r
    y a bu n d a n t .

    I t w as fir s t d es c r ib e d b y S t i m p s on f r o m H il o H a w a i i The f em a l e c r a b ,
    .

    f o r m s ga ll s on c e rt a i n s p ec i es o f c o r a l s O f the g e e r a Po c illopor a S e r i a n ,

    to po ra S ty l o p ho r a S id e r o po r a a n d M ill ep o r a
    , C a l ma n s t a t es th a t c o ra l
    , .

    ga ll s p os s ibl y d u e to th i s S p ec i es h a v e a l s o b ee n r e p o rt e d fr om the R ed
    , ,

    S e a Cey l on a n d the Ch i n a S ea Tw o S p e c i m en s w e r e c o ll ec t e d a t Pa l my r a
    , .

    Is l a n d .

    T r ib e A NO M URA

    Fa m i l y POR ELL C ANIDA E


    P etr ol i sth es s pe c osa i ( D ana ) .

    P or ce lla n a s p ec i os a D a n a U S E x p l Ex p e d
    , . . . v ol . 13 . C r us t .
    , p . 417 , 185 2; pl . 26 ,

    fi g 8, 185 5
    . .

    The r e c o r d ed r a n ge o f the s p ec i es s eem s to b e fr om B a l a b a c S tra i t s


    th ro u gh th e Pa c i fic to Ho n g K o n g J a p a n the B on i n I s l a n d s a n d ea s t wa r d , ,

    Th p p r by P tt i l d
    e a i v t ig ti
    e th d v l p m t l i f h i t ry a d
    o s nc u es n es a on s on e e e o en . e s o n

    h b it
    a f thi g ll f m i g p i
    s o s a -
    or n s ec e s .
    Ed mon d s o n —
    Cr n s ta cea fr o m P a lmyr a a nd F a n n i n g I s la n d s 25

    to Wa k e I s l a n d , the Ki n g s m i l l Grou p
    T u a m ot u s Brya n r ep o rt s a a nd th e .

    v a r i et y O f the s p ec i e s from Ma rc u s I s l a n d I t ha s a l s o b een r ec o rd e d fr o m .

    We s t Afr i c a NO r eco rd s a re k n o w n fo r Ha w a ii
    . .

    Fi v e S p ec i m en s w e re t a k en a t P a l m y ra a n d 70 a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d w h e r e
    the S p ec i e s is v e r y a b u n d a n t u n d e r the s t o n e s a t th e s h o r e l i n e o n the ou t e r
    r ee f .

    Fa m i l y H l PPl DA E
    Remi pe s pa cifi cu s D an a .

    R e mipes pa c ific a s D a n a , U S . . Ex p l Ex p e d
    . .
    , v ol . 13 . Cr t us .
    , p . 407 , 18 5 2; pl . 25 ,

    fi g 7 a g, 185 5
    .
    -
    .

    The p ec i es ha s b een r e po rt e d fro m the M a l d i v e Arc h i p el a go a n d M i n i


    S

    k o i in the I n d i a n O c ea n a n d fr om a n u m b e r o f l o c a l i t i es in the P a c i fi c
    i c l u d i n g Ne w C a l e d on i a Ro t um a Fij i F u n a f u t i S a m oa H a w a i i a n d
    n , , , , , ,

    fro m Ch a r l es I s l a n d o f the Ga l a pa go s Fi v e s p ec i m en s we r e c o ll e c t ed a t .

    Pa l my r a a n d 1 a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d .

    F a m i l y C OE NOB ITIDA E
    Coenob ita oli v iera O w en .

    C oen o b i ta o liv i e-
    ra Da n a , U S Ex p l Ex p e d
    . . . .
    , vo l . 13 , Cr t us .
    , p . 470, 185 2 .

    The l oca li t i es fro m w h i c h the S p ec i es ha s pr e v i ou s l y b een r e p o rt ed in


    e l u d e M a dr a s the Ni c o ba r s F u n a f u t i the S oc i e t y I s l a n d s the T u a m o t u s
    , , , ,

    a n d Fa n n i n g I s l a n d S t re e t s r eco rd e d the S p e c i es fro m F a n n i n g


    , B r ya n .

    co l l ec t e d the s p e c i e s a t M a r cu s I s l a n d No r eco rd s a r e fr o m H a w a ii . .

    T h i s l a rg e l a n d h e r m i t c o mm on l y i n h a bi t s the S h e ll s o f s p ec i es o f T u r b o .

    T w en ty n i n e S p ec i m en s w e r e c o ll ec t e d a t Pa l m y ra a n d 3 a t F a n n i n g
    —

    I s l a n d b y the e xp e d i t i o n O f 1 9 1 3 a n d 1 9 22 .

    C oen ob i ta b revi ma n us
    ‘
    D an a .

    C oeno bi ta c ly pea ta va r . b r ev i ma n n s D a na , U S . . Ex p l . Ex p e d .
    , v ol . 13 , Cr t us .
    ,

    p 473 .
    ,
    1852; pl . 30, fi g 4b , 1855 . .

    The p ec i e s is r eco r d e d b y D a n a from B a l a b a c Pa s sa ge O n P a l m y r a


    s .

    and Fa n n i n g I s la n d s i t ha s the h a bi t s O f C Ol i v i e r a b u t is m uc h l es s
    -
    .
    ,

    n u m e r ou s Te n s p ec i m en s w e r e co l l ec t ed a t Pa l m y r a a n d 3 a t F a n n i n g
    .

    I sl an d .

    C oen ob ita
    -
    ru g osa M il n e E d w a rd s .

    C oen o bita r u gos a Da n a , U S . Ex p l Ex p e d


    . .
    , v ol . 13 , Cr t us .
    , p . 47 1, 1852 ; pl . 3 0,
    fi g 1, 185 5
    . .

    The S p ec i e s ha s a w id e d is tr ib u t i o n i n the I n d i a n Ocea n a n d is k n ow n


    fr om the M a l ay Arc h i p el a go and the Su l u S ea ea s t w a r d to Ne w C a l e d on i a ,
    26 B e rn i c e P . B is hop M us eu m — B u ll e ti n

    the B on i n I s l a n d s Rot u ma Fij i F u n a fu t i S a mo a a n d the T u a mot u s I ts


    , , , , .

    r a n g e d oes n ot i n c l u d e H a w a ii Ni n ete e n s p e c i m en s w e r e coll ec t ed a t Pa l .

    my r a a d 74 a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d
    n The s p ec i es is th e m o s t c o mm on O f a l l .

    the h e rm i t c r a b s o n F a n n i n g I s l a n d w h e r e i t m a y b e f ou n d in gr e a t nu m
    b e r s on the ocea n b eac h es j u s t a b o v e the h i gh t i d e li n e I t i n h a bi t s the .

    s h e ll s o f m a n y S p ec i es O f m o ll u s k s .

    F a m il y P A G U RIDA E

    Cl i b a na ri u s r ll i a ns ( M i l n e E d w a rd s )
    co a .

    C li ba na r iu s c or a n a s lli Al k C t I di c oc , a . n an D e c ap od Cr t us .
    , pt . 2, fa sc . 1, p . 48 .

    p l 5 , fi g 1, 1905
    . . .

    The p e c i es is k o w fr om th e A n d a m a n s the Ni co b a r s the M a l ay


    s n n , ,

    Ar c h i p el a go a n d r a n g es fro m the Liu K iu I s l an d s ea s t w a rd to Wa k e


    I s l a n d Ro t u m a Fij i F un a f u t i a n d T a h i t i
    , ,
    Te n s p e c i m en s w e r e t a k en a t
    ,
    .

    F a n n i n g I s l a n d in s h a l lo w w a t e r on the ou t e r r ee f .

    Cal ci n u s h er b stu d e Ma n .

    C a lc in a s D a n a , U S Ex p l Ex p e d v ol
    ti bi cen . . . .
    , . 13 , Cr t us 45 7 , 185 2
    .
    , p . .

    C l
    a lci n a s h er bs tii A co c k , Ca t I n d i a n D e c a p o d . Cr t us .
    , p t 2 fa s c 1, p 5 3
    .
    , . .
    , pl . 5 ,

    fi g 4 1905.
    , .

    P r e v i ou sr eco r d s o f the S p ec i es a r e fro m n u m e ro u s l oc a l i t i es in the


    I n d i a n O c ea n fro m B a l a ba c S tr a i t s Liu Kiu I s l a n d s J a p a n B on i n
    , , , ,

    I s l a n d s Wa k e I s l a n d S a m oa F u n a f u t i the S oc i et y I s l a n d s the T u a m o t u s
    , , , , ,

    a n d H a w a ii I t is a l s o k n o w n fr om Ec u a d o r a n d th e Wes t I n d i es
    . The .

    S p ec i es is the m os t c om m o n O f th e h e r m i t c r a b s on the r e e f s o f O a h u .

    Ha w a i i T h i rty s ix s p ec i m en s w er e c o ll ec t e d a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d
    .
    -
    .

    Ca l ci n us l
    e ega n s ( Mi l ne E d w a rd s ) .

    C a lc i n a s Da n a U S Ex p l Ex p e d v o l 13
    e l ega n s , . . . .
    , .
    , Cr t us .
    , p . 45 8 , 18 5 2; pl . 28 .

    fi g 10 a c 185 5 : A c o ck C a t I n d i a n D eca p o d
    .
    —
    , l , . Cr t us .
    , pt . 2 fa s c
    , . 1, p . 55 ,

    p l 5 fig 2 1905
    .
    , .
    , .

    The p ec i e s ha s a r a n ge e x t en d i n g fr om the ea s t coa s t o f A fr i c a


    s

    thr ou gh the I n d i a n a n d Pa c i fi c Oc ea n s to H a w a i i On e s p ec i men w a s co l .

    le c te d a t P a l m y r a a n d 5 a t F a n n i n g I s l a n d .

    Ca l cin us l a t ens R a n d a l l .

    C a lci n a s l a te ns , D a n a , U S Ex p l Ex p e d v o l . . . .
    , . Cr t
    13 , us .
    , p . 45 9, 185 2; 28pl .
    ,

    . l
    fi g 11, 185 5 : A c oc k , Ca t I n d i a n Deca p o d .
    , Cr t p tus .
    , . 2, fa s c . 1 p . . 58 p l 5,
    .
    ,

    fi g 5 , 1905
    . .

    The ra n ge O f the s ec es is p i fr om the ea s t c oa s t of A fr i c a an d the R e d


    S ea throu gh the I n d i a n O cea n . R ec o rd s a re fro m the L iu K iu I s l a n d s ,
    28 B er n i c e P . B is hop M us eu m — B u ll eti n

    T r ib e PAL I NURA

    Fa m i l y S CYLLARl DA E

    P a r a b a cu s a n ta r cti cus ( Lu n d ) .

    P a r a b a cus a n ta r c tic a s Da n a , U . S . Ex p l . Ex p e d .
    , v ol . 13 , Cr t us .
    , p . 5 17 , 1852;
    p l 3 2, fig 6, 185 5
    . . .

    P r e v i ou s r eco rd s of the S p ec i es i n c l u d e Ne w C a l e d on i a the Loya l ty ,

    I s l a n d s , S a m oa an d Ha w a ii . O n e s m a l l s p ec i men w a s c o ll e c t e d a t P a l m y r a
    I slan d .

    S u b o rd e r NA TA NT I A

    T r ib e CA R I B E S

    F a m il y C RA NGON IDA E

    Cr an gon ob es oma nus ( Dana ) .

    A lph eus o b es o ma n n s Da n a , U . S . Ex p l . Ex p e d .
    , vo l . 13 , Cr t us .
    , p . 547 ,
    1852;
    p l 3 4 fi g 7 a f 1855
    -
    .
    , .
    , .

    D a n a r ec o rd s the s p ec i e s fro m Fij i I t has a l so b een r ep o rt e d fr o m .

    M a d a g a s c a r the S ey c h e ll es New B r i t a i n a n d the Loya l t y I s l a n d s Two


    , , ,
    .

    S p ec i m en s w e r e c o ll ec t e d a t P a l m y r a I s l a n d .

    Cr a n g on pa ra d en tipes ( Gou ti e r e ) .

    A lph e n s pa r a d e n tipes , C ou tié r e Fa u n a


    a n d G eo gr . M a l d iv e an d La c ca d iv e Ar hic

    p el a go es , v ol 2, p 880 p l 74 fi g 17 1906
    . .
    , .
    , .
    , .

    The s p ec i es ha s p r ev i ou s l y b een r eco rd ed fr o m the M a l d i ve A r ch i


    p el a g o . O n e s p ec i m en w a s c o ll ec t e d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    Cr a n g on c ol l u mi a n u s ( S t i m p s o n ) .

    A lph eu s c o l l n m ia n us t
    r A d N t S i Phi l 1860 p 30
    S i mp so n , P oc . ca . a . c . a .
    , , . .

    The s p ec i e s ha s b een r eco rd e d fr o m the Ma l d i v e a n d La c ca d i v e Ar c h i


    p e la goe s , New C a l e d o n i a the B on i n I s l a n d s J a p a n Mu rr a y I s l a n d a n d
    , , , ,

    F u n a fu t i . S ix s p ec i m en s w e r e c oll ec t e d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    Cr a ng on m a cr oc hi r u s ( R i c ht e r s ) .

    A lp/t ens m a c r oc hir a s t r M r f Ri M riti


    ch e s ,
    I p 164 p l 17 1880 ee es a una ns . au us, .
    , .
    ,
    .

    The S p ec i es is w ell d i s tr ib u te d fr o m M a d a g a s ca r a n d Ma u r i t i u s thr o u gh


    the I n d i a n O c ea n T h e r e a r e a l s o r ec o rd s fro m Ro t u m a T a h i t i a n d th e
    .
    ,

    G u l f o f C a li fo r n i a T h e r e is on e sp ec i m en in the B i s ho p Mu s eu m t a k en
    .
    Ed mo n d s on — Cr u s ta c ea fr o m P a lmyr a
    , an d F a n n in g I s lan d s 29

    at Pa l my r a I s l a n d w h i c h in the , O p i n i on Of Dr Wa l d o . L S c h m i tt is
    .
    , pr ob
    a bl y of th i s s p ec i es .

    Cr an gon v en tr os us (Mi l ne E d w a rd s ) .

    A lph eus v en tr os n s M i l n e Ed w a r d s H i s t Na t d e s ,
    . . C r us t .
    ,
    v ol . 2 p 3 5 2 183 7
    ,
    .
    , .

    This p ec i es is the mo s t c o mm o n a n d m os t w i d el y d i s tr ib u t e d o f the


    s

    gen u s h a v i n g a gen e r a l r a n g e a cco rd i g to Gou t i er e fr o m Ma d a ga sc a r to ,


    n ,

    the R e d Se a ea s t w a rd to th e P h ili pp i es thr ou gh the P a c i fi c to the S O


    ,
    n ,

    c ie ty I s l a n d s a n d n o rth wa r d to H a w a ii a n d th e G u l f o f C a l i f o r n i a T w en t y .

    s e v en S p e c i m en s w e r e co ll ec t e d a t Pa l my r a I s l a n d .

    Cran gon pa chy ch ir u s ( S t i mp son ) .

    A lpheu s pa c hy chir us S i m p so n , P t r oc . Ac a d . Na t S c i P h i . . l a .
    , 1860, p . 30 .

    The s p ec i es
    k n o w n fr om the M a l d i v e a n d La c c a d i v e Arc h i p e l a goe s
    is ,

    the Liu K iu I s l a n d s a n d R ot u m a T hr ee s p ec i m en s w e r e c o ll ec t e d a t .

    Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    Cr a n gon b ucepha l us ( Co u tié r e ) .

    A lpheu s b ucepha l us C o u tié r e Fa u n a a n d G eo gr ,


    . Ma l d iv e an d La cca d iv e A r hi c

    p e l a goes , v o l 2 p 890 p l 78 fig 29 1906


    .
    , .
    , .
    ,
    .
    ,
    .

    P r ev io u s r eco r d s a re fro m M a hé J ibo u t i M a l d i v e


    , ,
    Arc h i p el a go ,
    M in ik o i ,

    B a la b ac S tr a i t s a n d O ff Ma n il a . On e s p ec i m en w a s c o l l ec t e d at P a l my ra
    I slan d .

    C r a n g on pa ra cri ni tu s ( M i er s ) .

    A lpheu s pa r a cr in i tus M i e r s, An n . and Ma g Na t H i s t


    . . .
    , v ol . 8 p
    , . 36 5 , pl . 16 ,

    fig 6 188 1
    .
    , .

    The p ec i e s ha s b ee r e p o rt e d fr o m
    s n S en e ga m bi a an d J ib ou t i . F ou r
    s p e c i m e n s w e r e t a k e n a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    C r a n gon pa r a cr ini tu s ( M i er s ) var . n ea r var . b en gal en s i s ( Gou ti e r e ) .

    A lp/ten s pa r o c r in itu s v a r b en ga l en s is C o u tié r e .


    , Fa u n a an d G eogr M a l d iv e. an d

    r
    La cc a d iv e A c h i p e a g o s v o l 2 p 901 1906 l , .
    , .
    , .

    The var . b en ga l c n s is of D r Wa l d o
    Gou t i er e w i th w h i c h , a c co rd i g n to .

    L S c hm i tt the
    .
    , Pa l m y r a v a r i e t y is a c l o s e a ff i i t y ha s b e en r ec o r d e d fr o m n ,

    M in ik o i in the In d i a O ce a
    n O n e s p ec i m en w a s c o l l e c t e d a t Pa l m y r a
    n .

    I slan d .
    30 B er n ice P . B is hop M us eu m — B u lleti n

    S y na l ph eus pa r oneomeri s Go u t i ere .

    S y n a lphe us pa r o n eo m er is Co u tl e re , Fa u n a a n d G eo gr . Ma l d iv e and La c ca d iv e
    l
    A r c hi p e a go es v ol 2 p 872 p l 7 1, fig 7 1906
    . .
    , .
    ,
    . .
    , .

    P re v i o u s r eco r d s a re fro m M a hé M u s c a t Jib ou t i the M a l d i v e Ar c h i , , ,

    p e l a go a n d M in ik o i
    ,
    , T W O S p ec i m en s w e r e c o ll ec t e d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    F a m il y H l PPOLYTl DA E

    Sa r on ma r mo ra ta ( O l i v i e r ) .

    K m p R I d i M m l 10 p 84 19 14
    S a r on m or m o r a ta e , ec . n an us e u , vo .
    , .
    , .

    The s p ec i es is w i d e l y d i s tr ibu t e d r a n g i n g fr o m the ea s t c oa st o f A fr i c a


    a n d the Re d S ea thro u gh the I n d i a n O c e a n a n d the Pa c i fi c O c e a n ea s t

    w a rd to T a h i t i a n d n o rth w a rd to Ha w a ii Tw o s p ec i me n s w e r e t a ke n a t .

    Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    F a m i l y G NAT H OP H YLL IDA E

    G n a th ophy ll um fa s ci ola tum S t i mp s o n .

    G n o th ophl -
    i m i fos c i o la tu m S i m p s o n , P t r A d N t S i Ph i l 1860 p 28 oc . ca . a . c . a .
    , , . .

    The t y p e l oc a li ty o f the s p ec i e s is r e c o rd e d a t Po rt J a c k s on A u str a l i a ,


    .

    T he s p ec i es ha s a l s o b ee n r e po rt e d from H a w a ii TWO S p ec i m en s w e r e .

    co ll ec t ed at Pa l m y r a I s l a n d in 1 922 .

    Fa m i l y H Y ME NOC ERIDA E

    Hym en ocer a e e l ga n s Hel l er .


    ( fi gs . 2; 3 , a -f ) .

    H y me n o c e r a e l ega ns H e e ll r , Ve rb z l b t . Ge soo . o an . . Wi e n . B r 11 p
    , .
    ,
    . 25 , 186 1 ;
    Si tzB e r A ca d W i s s
    . . Wi . fig . en .
    , 44 1 p 264 p l 3
    , . .
    , .
    , s . 9 14, 186 1
    -
    .

    The s p ec i es ha s b e e n r ec o r d e d fr o m th e Re d S ea w h i c h is the t y p e ,

    l oca l i t y a n d fr o m M a u r i t i u Mo z a m bi q u e M a t em a I s l a n d a n d the S ey
    ,
    s, , ,

    c h e ll es in the I n d i a n Oc e a n I t ha s mo r e r ece t l y b ee n r e p o rt e d b y
    . n

    d e M an in m a t e r i a l fr o m the S ib oga Ex p e d i t i o n I h a v e n ot ha d
    12 ”
    .

    a c c e s s to d e M a n a rt i c l e a n d a m i d o u b t a s to the l oc a l i t y fr om wh i c h
    ’
    s n

    th e a u t ho r r e p o rt s th e s p e c i es .

    T h r ee S p ec i m e n a ll f em a l e s o f a f o rm w h i c h e x c e pt in c e rt a i n d e
    s , . ,

    t a i l s n o t ed b e l o w c o rr es p o n d s v e ry c l os el y w i th He ll e r s d es c r i pt i o o f
    ,
    ’
    n

    H y men o c er a e l ega n s w e r e c o ll e c t e d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d in 1 9 22
    ,
    A l th ou gh .

    th e r e may b e s p ec i fi c d i ff e r e c e s r ega rd i n g f ea t u r es n ot m en t i on ed in the


    n

    d e s c r i pt i o n o f the t y p e s p e c i m e I a m r et a i n i n g the Pa l m y r a I s l a n d f o r mn, ,

    t e m p o r a r il y a t l ea s t w i th i n th i s s p e c i es
    ,
    .

    (R lt E pl “
    esu s S ib g
    X 39 3 p
    or . o a a , .
    B er n ice P . B is hop M u s en ni —
    B ulleti n

    F I G U RE 3 . C a m e ra l u c id a d ra wi g
    n s of r
    fea tu e s o f Hy m c u o c c r a e lega n s a n d
    tl
    e s o n s O f G o n o d a c ty iu s c /z ir a g r a a n d G on o a a c ty ln s c h ir a g r a v a r
    ’
    s m itln i ; a t hi r d
    '

    X
    . .

    x ll
    ma i i p ed o f e f s i d e l t 6 ; b s e r r a te d s p i n u e o f m e d i a l
    o rd e l b r
    O f s e c o n d s e g m en t
    X
    ,

    of t r x ll r ly l r
    h i d m a i i p ed ( g e a t e n a g ed ) ; c e min a t r l
    s e g me n ts O f fi r s t a k i n g l eg w l
    X X
    ,

    10 ; d p o s te i o r rwl
    a k i n g l eg r l r
    6 ; e, d o s a s u fa ce o f te s o n l
    6 ; f u opod O f e f r l t
    X
    ,

    X
    ,

    side l
    5 ; g, te s o n O f G o n o d a c ti l us c h ir a gr a v a r s m i thii
    '
    9 ; h te s o n o f 6 071 0 11 l
    X
    .
    ,

    a c tt l u s c hi r a g r a
    '
    IO .
    Ed i n ori d s om — C r n s ta cea fr om P a lmyr a an d F a n n i n g I s lan d s 33

    H ell e r d es c r i pt i o n O f the t y p e s p ec i men is s u ffi c i en t a n d c om p l et e in


    ’
    s

    m o s t p a rt i c u l a r s b u t his a cc om pa ny i n g fig u r es a re in m a n y r es p ec t s q u i t e
    i n a d e q u a t e I a m th e r e fo r e p re s en t i g m o r e c om p l e t e fig u re s O f th i s
    .
    , ,
    n

    r em a rk a bl e fo rm a n d s pp l em en t i n g pr ev i ou s d e s c r i pt i o n s b y s o m e Ob s e rv a
    u

    t i on s on the P a l my r a s p ec i m en s .

    I n a l l o f the S p ec i m e n s c o ll e c t e d a t P a l m y r a the r o s tr u m ha s 8 t ee th
    o n its u pp e r b o r de r a n d 2 o n its l o w e r b o rd e r The m a n d ib u l a r p a l p is .

    r u d i m en t a ry s o m uc h 8 0 th a t w i th o u t c l o s e s c r u t i y i t m a y b e o v e r l o o k ed
    ,
    n .

    No i f o r m a t i o n is a t h a n d r eg a rd i g the m a d ib u l a r p a lp in th e t yp e
    n n n

    s p e c i m en S i n c e the p r es e c e o f th i s a pp en d a g e is a f a m il y c h a r a c te r i s t i c
    . n ,

    the c o n d i t i o o f its d e v e l o p m e t m a y p o s s ibl y a m o u n t to a S p ec i fi c d i f


    n n fe r
    en c e .

    I n the p ec i m en t a k e n a t Pa l m y ra I s l a n d in w h i c h b o th O f the
    on ly s

    s e co n d w a l k i g l e g s a r e i t a c t n the a pp e n d a g e o th e l e ft s i d e o f th e b o d y
    n ,
    n

    is a pp r o x i ma t e l y o e fi fth l a rg e r a n d l o g e r th a
    n -
    th a t o n the r i ght s i d e n n .

    No m en t i on is m a d e in a n y o f the d e s c r i pt i o n s th a t I h a v e s e en O f a n ln ,

    e q u a li t y i s iz e a n d l en gt h o f the s eco n d w a l k i n g l eg s
    n M o r e m a t e r i a l is .

    n ec es s a ry I b e l i e v e to d e t e r m i n e th i s i n e q u a li t y a s a c o n s t a n t f e a t u r e
    , , .

    H e ll e r s t a t e s th a t th e h a n d O f the s ec o n d w a l k i g le g is s om ew h a t n

    S h o rt e r th a n the a r m S eg m e n t I n the Pa l m y r a s p ec i m e n s the p a l m is


    .

    s l i ght l y l o n g e r th a n the m e r u s the l e n gth o f the tw o s e g me n t s b e i n g i n


    .

    the r a t i o o f

    Th e p r e s en c e o f a p a p ill a o n the d o r s a l e x tr e m i t y o f th e c o r ea l a r e a n .

    a n d a bl a c k p i g m en t s p o t 0 1 the s a m e s i d e a t th e b a s e o f th e c o r n ea 1

    c h a r a c t e r i z e the ey e in the P a l m r a s p ec i m en s T h e se fe a t u r es i f th e y
    y .
    ,

    a e pr e s en t in the t y p e s p ec i m e n
    r a e ot m en t i o e d i n th e d e s c r i pt i o n o f i t
    ,
    r n n .

    The c o l o r o f the t y p e S p ec i m e n is g i v e a s gr a y i s h w h i t e in pr es e rv ed n -
    ,

    co n d i t i o The Pa l m y r a I s l a n d s p ec i m e s i a l co h o l a re p a l e y ell o w i s h
    n . n ,
    n ,

    b ro w n Hel l e r r ep o rt s the t y p e S p ec i m e n to b e
    . l i n es in l en gth The .

    l a rg e s t o f the thr ee s p ec i m en s t a k en a t Pa l m y ra I s l a n d a n o v i g e rou s ,

    fe ma l e m ea su r es 3 5 mm fro m the t i p O f the r os tr u m to the e x t rem i t y o f


    , .

    the t el s o w i th the a b d om en s tr a i ght en e d a s m u c h a s p os s ibl e


    n , .

    App a r en t l y the o n l y oth e r s p ec i e s O f the gen u s k n o w n is Hym en o ce a r

    pi c ta D a n a c o ll e c t e d a t R a r a k a I s l a n d o n e o f the T u a m o t us Da na s
    13 ’
    , , .

    fig u r e s w e r e m a d e fr om the li v i n g s p ec i m en w h i c h w a s h o w e v e r s u b s e , ,

    q u en t l y l o s t in the w r ec k O f the Pea coc k “


    .
    ”

    The c h i e f d i ff e r en ce b et w e e D a n a s s p e c i e s a n d H ym en o cer a e l ega n s


    ’
    n

    is a s o th e r w r i t e r s h a v e n o t e d in the gr e a t e r e x p a n s i o n O f the se g m e n t s
    , ,

    o f th e th i rd m a x illi p e d in the l a tt e r .

    J m D U S E p l E p d l 13 C t p 5 92 1852; p l 3 9 fig 3
    '

    D ana , a es .
    , . . x . x e .
    , vo .
    . rus .
    , .
    , .
    , . .

    a - c, 1855 .
    34 Be r n ce i P . B is hop M u s e um —
    B u ll etin

    F a m i l y PO NTONIIDA E

    Ha r pil ius d epress us S t i m p so n .

    H a r pili a s d epr es s u s S i m p s o n
    -

    t
    A d N t S i Phi l 86 p 3 8 , P r oc . ca . a . c . a .
    , 1 0, . .

    The t y p e l oc a l i t y is H a w a n w h e r e the p e c i e s i s v e r y co mm o n s . O th e r
    r ec o r d s a r e fro m v a r i o u s l oc a li t i e s in the e a s t e r n a n d w es t e r n Ind i an
    O c ea n a d the R ed S ea
    n O n e S p ec i m en w a s co ll ec t e d a t Pa l m y r a
    . Isl a n d .

    C or a lli oca r i s gr a m i n ea ( D a n a ) .

    O edi pu s gr a n tin e u s Da n a . U S . . Ex p l . Ex p e d .
    , v ol . 13 , Cr u st .
    , p . 5 74 , 1852; pl .

    3 7 fi g 3 , 1855 , . .

    T he S p ec i es r a n g es fr o m Mo z a m bi q u e a nd Z an zib a r thro u gh the I n dia n

    O c ea n an d the R e d S ea to Ho n g Ko n g and J a p a n a n d e a s t w a rd ,
    to Fij i
    and S a m oa . Fi v e s p ec i m e n s we r e t a k en at Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    C ora l li oca r is l u c i na No bi l i .

    C o r a l l io c a r is ln c i a N b i l i A n n M u s Un iv Na p o l i 1 No 3 5 1901 '

    n o , . . . . ,
    .
    , p . .

    Kemp , Re c I n d i a n M u s e u m
    .
    , v ol . 24 p t 2 p 276 1922
    . . . .
    ,
    .

    The p ec i es is a p p a r e t l y w i d el y d i s t r ib t e d i the I n d i a n O cea n a n d


    S n u n

    a d j a c e t w a t e rs
    n h a v i g b e en r ec o r d d fr o m S a v a d e M a l h a th e Ch a g s
    . n e ,
    o

    A r c h i p e l a go the s ou th c oa s t o f Ar a bi a u m r o s l oc a l i t i es in the R e d
    , . n e u

    S ea the M a l d i v e A c hip e la go the A d a ma


    ,
    th e c o a s t o f C ey l on a n d
    ,
    n n s,

    T e r n a t e I h a v e n o i n fo r m a t i on O f p re v i ou s r e co rd s in the Pa c i fi c Ocea n
    . .

    T h i rt y thr ee s p ec i m en s w e r e c o ll e c t e d a t Pa l my r a I s l a d w h e r e the s p ec i es
    -
    n

    is a pp a r en t l y co m m on .

    Cor a l l i oca ri s t ri d en ta t a Miers .

    C o r a l lio c a r is tr id e n ta ta M i e r Z l gi l C ll ti
    s, oo o ca o ec on s of H M S
    . . . A l rt Cr t
    e . us .
    ,

    p . 294, p l 32 fi g .
    , C 1884
    .
    . .

    The s p ec i e s ha s p r e v i o u s l y b e e n r eco rd e d fr o m the t y p e l o c a l i t y ,

    T h u r s d ay Is l a n d . Tw o s p ec i m en s w e r e c o ll ec t ed a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    Fa m i l y P ALA EMO NIDAE .

    P a la emonel l a t en u i pes D a n a .

    P a lu e l n o ne ll a te n u ipes D a n a , U . S . Ex p l . Ex p e d ., vol . 13 . Cr t us .
    , p . 582 1852 ; ,

    p l 38, fi g 3 a d 185 5
    -
    . .
    , .

    The ea r l i e r r ec o r d s p i of fr
    the s ec e s a r e o m th e S u l u S ea a nd Ha w a i i .

    B o r r a d a il e and No bil i r e po rt ed the s p ec i e s as P . tr id c n ta ta , the fo rm e r


    36 B er ni ce P . B is hop M n s en m —
    B n llel in

    G onod a cty l u s ch i ra gra ( F a b r i c i u s ) .

    G o n o d a c ty lu s c hir a g r a K e mp . M em . Ind ian Museum , vol . 4, p . 15 5 , p l . 9, fi g .

    107, 19 13 .

    The p ec i es is d i s tr ib u t ed thr ou gh ou t the I d i a n O c ea n a n d r a n ges in


    S n

    the P ac i fi c O c ea n fr o m A u s tra l i a n o rth w a r d to J a p a n a n d e a s t w a r d to

    T a h i t i A s i n g l e s p ec i m en w h i c h c o rr e s p o n d s i its c h i e f f ea t u r es w i t h
    . n

    the t y p i c a l f o r m O f th i s S p ec i es w a s c o ll e c t e d a t Pa l m y r a I s l a n d b y

    C Mon t a g ue Coo k e J r in 1 9 1 3
    . . .

    The t el s on is n a rr o w its d o r sa l s u rf ac e m a rk e d b y fi v e pro m i n e n t


    ,

    ca r inae ; m e d i a n ca r i n a w i th ou t a p os t e r i o r s p i n e b u t w i th w e ll d e fi n ed
    a n c h o r flu k es ;
    -
    s u b m e d i a n c a r i n a e e l o n ga t e in l i n e w i th the l o n g c a r i n a e ,

    s u pp o rt i n g the s u b m e d i a n t ee th o f th e p o s t e r i o r b o rd e r ; i n t ermed i a te ca r
    i n a e c o n t i n u o u thr ou gh ou t the l en gt h o f the t e l s on ; l a t e ra l m a rg i n s
    s

    c a r i na t e .

    t eeth O f the p o s t e r i o r b o r d e r b r oa d a d p rom i n en t t e r m i


    S u b m ed i a n n ,

    n a t i n g in s m a ll m o v a bl e s p i n e s ; i n t e r m ed i a t e t ee th r epr esen t e d b y rou n d e d


    p o i t s w i th ou t s p i n es a t th ei r t i p s ; l a t e r a l n ot c h es d i s t i n c t The d i s t a l
    n .

    e x t r e m i t y O f the d a c t y l u s o f the c h e l i p e d i s s tr o n g l y c u rv ed To t a l l en gth .

    O f the S p ec i m e n m ea s u r e d fr o m the t i p O f the r o s tr a l s p i n e to th e te r -


    ,

    m in a tin g s p i n es O f the s u b m e d i a n t e e th is 3 0 m ill i m et e r s Fi g u r e 3 h ,


    .
    , ,

    r epre s e n t s the t el s on o f the Pa l m y r a I s l a n d s p ec i m en .

    G ono da cty l us c h i r a gr a va r . s m ith n P o c oc k .

    G o n o d a c ty / ns s m i th ii P o c o c k , An n . M a g Na t H i s t
    . . . v ol . 11 , p . 47 5 , p l . 20,
    B , fig . 1, 1893 .

    G o n o d a c ty l us c hi r a gr a va r . s n z ith ii, La n c hes e tr


    Fa u n a a n d G eogr Ma d iv e
    , . l and

    La c c a d iv e A r hi p l g
    c e a o es , vol . 1 p 447 p l 23 fi g 4 a n d 4a 1903
    , .
    ,
    .
    , .
    , .

    The l o c a l i t i es in the I n d i a n O cea n fr o m w h i c h the v a r s m i thii ha s


    Z
    .

    b een r eco r d e d i n c l u d e a n zib a r S a l om o n PerO S the Ma l d i v e a n d Merg u i


    , , ,

    Ar c h i p e l a goes the An d a ma n s a n d the c oa s t s o f B u rm a a n d C eyl on


    ,
    .

    P r e v i o u s r ec o r d s fr o m the Pa c i fi c O c ea n i n c l u d e a l oc a l i t y n o rth O f
    A u s tr a li a the Loya lt y I s l a n d s a n d Ro t u m a
    , .

    Tw o p ec i m e S f e ma l es h a v i g the c h a ra c t e r i s t i c s o f th i s v a r i et y
    ns, ,
    n

    w e r e c o l l ec t e d a t P a l m y r a I s l a d B o t h a e v e ry s m a ll the l a rge r b e i n g
    n . r .

    3 0 m m i n l e n gth
    . I b o t h s p ec i m en s the m ed i a c a r i a o f the t e l s on
    . n n n

    t e rm i n a t es p os t e r i o r l y in a s p i n e a d the a c h o r flu k es a re d i s t i c t Fi gu r e
    n n -
    n .

    3 g r e pr e s en t s the f ea t u r e s O f the t el s on O f a Pa l m y r a s p ec i m e n
    , , .
    Ed m on d s on —
    Cr u s ta c ea fr om P a lm yr a an d F a n n in g I s lan d s 37

    O rd e r A M PH I P O DA
    F a m il y G A MMA RIDA E .

    E l a smopus sp .

    Ei ght een s p ec i m e ns a re in the B i sh op Mu seu m fro m Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    O r d e r I S O PO DA

    Fa m i l y TA NA IDAE
    A Ta nali d .

    T h e re is on e s p ec i m en fro m Pa l my ra I s l a n d in the B i shop M u s eu m .

    Leptogna tha sp .

    On e s p ec i m en co ll ec t ed at Pa l m y r a I s l a n d is in the B i s ho p M u s eu m .

    F a m il y C l ROLA N IDA E
    Ci r ol a na Sp .

    There a re 50 S p ec i m e n s in the B i sh op M u s eu m from Pa l m y r a I s l a n d .

    The a m p h i p o d s a n d i s o p od s he e i s e d r l t w r t r
    a k e n f o m m a r i n e a g a e co e c e d l ll t
    R
    e e
    l yr
    a t Pa m a Is a n d lo se p h F by J
    o ck r
    T he g e n e i c d e e m i n a i o n s tr t
    e e ma de w r by
    R
    . .

    Cl r
    a en c e S h oem a k e to
    . r w
    ho m s p e c i m en s e e su m i te d w r b t
    fo r i d e n i fi c a i o n A t t .

    r lt r t
    mo e c o m p e e e p o r m a y b e m a d e u p o n h e m a t a a e d a e t ltr t .
    B e r n ic e P-

    . B is hop M n s em n —
    B u ll e ti n

    D ES C RI PT I O NS O F NEW S PEC I E S O F C RAB S


    F RO M P A L M Y R A I S L A ND

    BY MA RY J . R ATI I B U N -

    Mal div ia pa l my r en s i s, s p . nov .

    Type .
    — Fem a l e ; Pa l m y r a I s l a n d ; C . M . C ook e ,
    co ll ec t o r ; t y p e S p ec i -

    m en in B i sho p Mu s eu m No 3 1 2 , . .

    C a ra p a c e tra n s v e r s el y ov a l v e ry c o n v e x fro m S i d e to s i d e l es s so fr o m
    , ,

    fro n t to b ac k the m a rg i n o f the fron t v i s ibl e in d o r s a l v i e w I n d i ca t i on s


    ,
    .

    o f r e g i o n s a l m o s t a b s en t F r on t a l a n d a n t e ro l a t e ra l r eg i on s gr a n u l a t e -
    . .

    F ro n t th i n e dg e gr a n u l a t e nea r l y s t r a i ght o u t e r c o r n e r s r ou n d ed o ff a
    , , , ,

    s l i ght m e d i a n e m a rg i n a t i o n pr ol on g ed b a c k w a rd in a s h o rt gro o v e O f
    ,
    .

    the 4 a n t e r o l a t e r a l s p i n u l es i n c l u d i g th a t a t the o r bi t a l a n g l e the sec o n d


    -
    ,
    n ,

    a n d th i r d e ac h h a v e s m a ll e r s p i n u l es 0 1 th e i r o u t e r m a rg i n s 1 .

    Ch eli p ed s v e r y u e q u a l ; m e r u s s h o rt a rm ed w i th a l on g i h s p i n e a t
    n ,
    s

    the d i s t a l e n d O f th e i n n e r m a rg i n tw o o th e r s m a ll e r d i s t a l s p i n e s a bo v e , , , ,

    a s u b d is ta l s p i e o n th u pp e r m a rg i n ;
    n c a rp u se a n d u pp e r a d gr ea t e r ,
    n

    p a rt o f ou t e r s u rfa c e o f m a n u s a r m ed w i th S h o rt s h a rp co n i c a l s p i n e s ; , ,

    the c a rp u s ha s a l a rg e S p i n e a t the i n ne r a n g l e a s m a ll e r m a rg i n a l S p i n e ,

    a b o v e a d n ea r e r th e d i s t a l e n d
    n The s p i n e s o f the m a n u s a r e s e r i a t e .
    ,

    a n d fo r the m os t p a rt a rr a n g e d in a l t e r n a t i n g r o w s o f l a rg e a n d s m a l l

    s p i n es The fi n g e r s a r e s i m i l a r in the tw o c h e l a e w h i t e in the pr e s e rv e d


    .
    ,

    s p e c i m en b en t S li ghtl y d o w w a r d th ei r pr eh e n s il e edg es a rm ed w i th a
    ,
    n ,

    fe w u n e q u a l t eeth w h i c h m e e t w h e n the fi ge r s a e c l o s e d w h il e the t i p s n r ,

    c ro s s . The r o u gh n e s s o f the p a l m s is co n t i n u e d o n the d a c t y l e in th r e e


    s u p e r i o r r o w s o f s p i n e s r ea c h i n g n e a r l y h a l f the l e n gth in the m a j o r c h e l a
    , ,

    b u t m r e th a n h a l f i the m i o r c h el a
    o n The a m b u l a t o r y l eg s a r e f u r n i s h e d
    n .

    w i th fi n e h a i r s v e ry sc a n t y e x c e pt o n th e d a c t y l u s ; th i s t e r m i n a t es in a
    ,

    l o n g t ra n s p a re t h o r y t i p ; b e s i d es the h a i r s the s eg m en t is a r m e d w i th a
    ,
    n , n ,

    n u m b e r o f h o r n y b r i s t l e s ; o f th es e two l on g s t ou t o n e s a r e a tt ac h e d S i d e ,

    b y s i d e o v e r the n a il a n d O v e r l a p the n a il r e a c h i n g a t l ea s t h a l f w a y d o w n ,

    its d o r s a l fa c e ; a fe w S h o rt b r i s t l e s a r e f u rth e r b a c k w h il e tw o l o n g i .

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    so n a n t s . The v o w e l s a r e a e i o a n d u a n d th e c o n s on a n t s a r e f h k l
    , , , , , , , ,

    m 12 mg p s t a n d v
    , , , ,
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    , .
    3A

    p l oy e d in bo th the D i c t i o n n a i r e T o g a F r a n ca i s a n d in B a k e r s D i c t i on a ry -
    ’
    .

    B a k e r s D i c t i on a r y d i ff e r s fr o m the D i c t i o n n a i r e T og a F r a n c a i s in u s i n g
    ’
    -

    b oth b a n d p i n s t ea d Of 1) a l on e ; a n d s a n d j i n s t ea d o f 5 a l on e .

    O w i n g to the f a c t th a t pr a c t i c a ll y a ll o f the p l a c e n a mes p r es en t e d in


    th i s p a p e r a r e dra w n fr om gov e r n m en t r ec o rd s c h a rt s a n d v a r i ou s T o n g a n , ,

    m a n u s c r i pt s a n d a r e r ec o rd e d in v a r y i n g o rth o gr a ph i es a n d l a rg e l y w i th o ut

    d i a c r i t i c a l m a rk s i t is i mp os s ibl e to c on s i s t en t l y i n d i c a t e b y d i a c r i t i c a l
    ,

    m a rk s the e x a c t pr on u n c i a t i o n O f ea c h w o rd F or p a rt i c u l a r s con c e r n i n g .

    T on g a n ph o n et i c s the r ea d e r s h ou l d c on su l t the d i c t i on a r i es .

    TH E TO NG A OR F R IENDLY I SLAND S
    The gr ou p
    m e d the F r i en d l y I s l a n d s b y the f a mou s n a v i ga t o r C oo k
    na

    l i es b e t w een the p a r a ll el s O f 1 5 a n d 2 3 sou th l a t i t u d e a n d b e t w een the ° °

    1 73 rd a n d 1 7 6 th m e r i d i a n s w e s t o f Gr e en w i c h .

    The n a m e T o n g a a s a pp l i e d to the W h o l e gr o u p i s d e r i v e d fr o m the


    n a m e O f the l a rg es t i s l a n d O f the gr ou p g en e r a ll y k n o w n a s Ton ga ta b u
    3
    .
    ,

    W i th the e x c ept i on O f the ou t l y i n g v ol c a n i c i s l a n d O f Ni u a foou a pp r ox i


    m a t e l y in l a t i t u d e 1 6 S a n d l o n g i t u d e 1 76 W th e i s l a n d s o f the T on g a n
    ° °
    ,

    a r c h i p e l a g o l ie in tw o p a r a ll e l c h a i n s s tr e t c h i n g fr o m n o rth to s ou th The .

    ea s t e r n c h a i n is O f co r a l f o r m a t i on The w es t e r n c h a i n i s v o l c a i c . n .

    The ea s t e r n c h a i n i n c l u d es mo r e th a n on e h u n dr e d i s l a n d s m o s t o f ,

    th e m lo w l yi g in f a c t l i tt l e m o r e th a n u p l i ft e d c o ra l r ee f s T h ey a re
    -
    n —
    , .

    e x c ee d i n g l y f e rt il e a n d b ea r the gr e a t b u l k O f the T o g a n p o p u l a t i on n .

    The w e s t e r n v o l c a n i c i s l a d s a re n o t n u m e r o u s T h ey a r e fr om s ou th
    n .

    to n o rth : A ta ( 1 1 6 5 f ee t e l e v a t i on ) the t w i n i s l a n d s O f Hu n g a T o n ga ,

    a d H u n g a H a a p a i ( r es p ec t i v e l y 49 0 a n d 4 00 f e e t e l e v a t i on
    n
    ) To fu a ( 1 670 ,

    1
    M i s s i o n n a i r e s Ma r i st es
    ti i r T g Fr i t Fr i T g A gl i Di c on n a e o a— a n ca s e a n ca s - o a- n a s .

    Q lq N t
    ,

    P dé d G r mm i r Mi i ir
    ’
    L A hip l p
    ’
    r e ce un et a a l e e de ue u es o es s ur rc e ar es s s on n a es
    M i t
    a r s es , r v t mi e rd r p l P A C m P bl i ti d l
    u e s en o d S i t e ar e . . . S . . u ca on e
    ’
    o eu v r e e a n
    J r m Li br i r i Ed i t r P ri C h d t 890
    e o e, a e- eu , a s . a en a , 1 .

    E gl i h d T g V b l ry l T g d E gl i h V b l ry
    2
    A n n s an on an o ca u a , a so a on an an n s o ca u a ,

    w it h l i t f Id i m t i P hr ; d T g G r mm r A k l d N Z 89 7
    a s o o a c a ses an on an a a , uc an , . .
    , 1 .

    p ll i g T b f rt t ly d pt d b y ffi i l g g r p hi
    “
    Th e g t b
    S he n on a a u as ee n un o un a e a o e o c a eo a c
    b rd
    oa s d g z tt r
    an Th rr t rt h g r p hy i T g t p
    a e ee s . e co ec o o a s on a a u .

    3AI th n rr g m t f th g z tt r g f ll w
    e a an e en o e a e ee , n o o s n .
    B e rn ice P . B is hop M us e u m —
    B u lleti n
    KOE O TU MOT U 0 HA A P A I 5 TH E I S LA N DS OF HAA PA I
    No i o i Li fuk a p ea u v e le n ga , I d w lt
    in Li fuk a a n d I
    e i s he d , w
    F ak a p o ho t o fie e v ee v a . O h, m u d e ! ho w I r r i s he d fo r a c ha n ge w .

    Ne p a uu t kia Au ha n ga mea . I m i sc h i e v ou s y ea d to A uha n ga mea l l .

    Lo fi a e ,
    l
    O v o ca n o o f To fu a !
    Ta ak i Lo fia e, r t
    O e a d i ca i n g v o ca n o ! l
    Lok av a il a hi e .
    O c a e rt rl
    a k e o f To fua !

    Koe F a k a n a a n a a o e a d e a l s w i th th e c h a r m s O f V
    Fa n a ua v au
    U lu k a l a la
    6 r pr d u c es B th n gs d ate
    a n d is r e m i n i sc e n t O f t he s o n g th a t M a rt i n e o o s o .

    from the p e r i o d O f M a r i n er s s oj o u rn in T on ga The Uluk a lala r e ferre d to ’


    .

    in the h e a d i n g O f the f o ll o w i g l u ll a b y i s M a r i n e r s p a tro n Fi n a u The


    ’
    —
    n .

    l u ll a by ha s a m ou r n fu l s tr a i n r u n i n g thr ou gh i t fo r i t is the ev en i n g son g n ,

    O f Ul uk a l a la s c h il d r en in e xil e in Ton ga ta b u The s o n g th a t M a rt i n a n d


    ’
    .

    Ma r i ne r r epro d uc e is the c h ee rf u l eb u ll i t i o n o f a p oet a c t ua ll y e n j oy i n g the


    b ea u t i e s O f V a v a u no t m e r el y c a lli n g th em to m i n d w h en fa r d i s t a n t
    ,
    .

    F A K A N AA N A A L U LL A B Y
    KO E F A K A N A A N AA O E F A N AU A TH E LU LL A B Y OF T H E CH I LDR EN
    UL U K A L A L A I H O N A F A K A L E OF U L U K A LA L A I N T H EIR E X I L E
    L EA M A I K I P EA K I A T A K A I M O AT P EA IN CH AR G E O F TH E .

    F A E I H E H I L I O E TA U I F ELE CHI EF S T A K A I A N D F AE A FT ER ,

    TOA I V AVA U B ATT LE A T F ELETOA I N


    7
    THE

    V AVAU .

    K m l p
    a t
    a u k k p ea auIt i l m d th m i t ttl
    e a a u s ca an e s se es

    Ih et m t l l
    o u V v o u a o O th O t r i l d fV v
    a au . n e ou e s an s O a au .

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    u s if I w r
    e o au il i g s ee s a e e sa n

    O k k vi k i h g fi
    au a t Wh I p r i i t t y
    an o a a u . en a se o ou .

    N eu t h t uu i L g m p e oa I t d t th i r w d tr
    on o ai L g m p u s an a e on oo ee n on o a u

    T p ki h F k f
    e a m e a A d gl
    a a n u aa fr m F k f an u n a n ce o a a a n ua a i n a n u

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    e u u a T wh r ri
    ae oun th m t fT l
    a O a au o e e s es e o un o a au

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    oe g i P h l
    on a n o A d th w d i P h l
    a a au . n e oo s n a a au .

    Oh fi l g i
    ua h h h an a a Th
    e m k
    e t i rr d by th d w
    a au e s o e S e e e

    K uo t l ki u eh t k l na e A d t i lt d by th
    e o e a u, rt h r w i d n e e no e n n .

    O t k t hi f i T l g h k
    o o o o Li l w t T l
    o un g h k
    a a u . es o a o un a a u .

    F l f t m
    e e a a h l m l m l oe F l f t
    a a d th
    a u h dy r d a u e e a a an e S a oa

    K l k i K l m Ot f g l
    a o o oa L di g t K l
    oe u an d Ot f g av a u l ea n o o oa an u au a va u .

    O m m t h l t k Ut f T h r w w ill th l Ut f
    C m l t l v th Cl itf R d ;
    a a a e o o o p ua u . e e e see e oo ua u .

    H t
    au t k a H l Ng t g t ;
    u ua e a a u un u u o e, e us ea e e
    ’
    oa
    K t k l ki T l ki g
    a a a o L t
    u u g t T l ki g
    n a v av a u e us o o u u n a va v a u

    M oii hif g i A
    S f on a A d d d i t th
    nae u v A i n e s c en n o e ca e nac n

    F a n on g m i A p p oa e A d li t
    na ufr m th u v A p p n s en o e ca e na u u

    S ii g l n Ut k l g l
    a a ae T th r r f th
    u a on d rg r
    a u . d tr m o e oa o e un e ou n s ea .

    5
    F ro m the ma n u s c i p r t O f th e Re v D r E Mou J lt ma d e va i l a bl e by Re v
    the
    R
    . . . . on , a .

    E E . C o l l o c o tt a n d Re v
    . V . . . C G P a g e o f th e
    . .
    . M e t ho d i s t Ch r u c h, N uk u a o fa , l
    T on g a T
    ra n s a e d b y M i s s B e a
    . l t tr rl
    i c e S h i ey B a k e r .

    ‘
    O p c it v ol I , p 293 . . . . .

    '
    Fr
    o m a m a n u s c r i pt e o n gi n g to the bl l t J h F ana ve Ma a tu No bl e of Niua to
    j
    a e o n ,

    p u ta p u . Tr
    a n s a e d b y H er M a e s lt
    ha r o t ty C l t T e u po u , Q uee n of T g on a .
    Gi ffor d — Ton ga n Pla c e Na m es
    .
    7

    F a k a po k uo l g
    an a a a tu , b t
    O h ! the o n i o ha v e com e a n d d e p a e d rt ,

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    br r
    .

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    ‘

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    x ll
    .

    l
    S ii fa o a e m ou n ga k o V ou The e p a n s e o f the h i s o f V o u
    K uo ta fito n ga e h e m a u l l r by
    I s c ea e d the ca m n e s s l .

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    .

    as ! i m a y b e b a d uck ,
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    t
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    ,

    l l
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    F o r the a n d o f fea s i n g a n d j oy t .

    l t t
    .

    t
    Na e a ha p e k i a i e a a tl V a v a u is the o n e p a c e ha is d i s c us se d
    I he la u te l e moe foliv a k a ; t
    I II S h o o i n g a n d s a i i n g ; l
    ll
    M O ho n o e e i fa i e v a a n ga
    ’
    b t
    I ts ea u i e s a r e fo r p ea su e ip s l r tr .

    r
    .

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    P e a ha u m u a o fa n on go he ta a n ga A r pp o a c h a l t
    nd i s e n to th e s o n g .

    r i w ll w t
    .

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    l r b
    .

    Al o i tu a H u n g a I p a d d e a o u n d th e a ck o f H u n g a
    K a k o To tok a fo n u a A n d to T o to k a fon u a .

    t T t l T l
    .

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    l
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    A n d to the g a d en i a o f M u o m u a .

    T t w ll r
    .

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    l t
    K 0 o o k e uk u a t on ga a p u T t l tT
    H e m a y ha v e e f ton ga a p u

    t b
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    n e d gan a e e es an on e ,

    ll
    K oeu hi k e e u a i s iok u o fa ,
    J t t w ry my l v
    us o ea o e,

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    u M a tu a n u a . T th l i k
    o f M t
    e u o a u a n ua .

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    e s ry i g
    n s c n

    K o e m o he a p e e k i Li k u a ; A d i g i g t r t t Lik ; ua

    t fly t F
    n s o n o es a

    K a e a k i he F o n o n ga toa B t i t w i ll w k
    u a g t a en o o o n on a oa

    O s io h i fo he To a l o fa A d l k d w t T l f
    n oo o n o oa o a

    K i he m a p u n a ha k e a e l a a T th r i i g f th
    o e s n o e su n

    Ih e ha k e a n g a o Lep u ha . A t th d i g pl
    e a sc en f L p h n a ce o e u a .

    K a u ha k e h e k i M a l u h o l a I ll t r p h r t M l h l
    ’
    u n u e e o a u o a

    K a u h i fo k i F in ek a hoa fa An d d escen d to F in ek a ho a fa
    O t li
    he v a o k u l u k on a
    o wr fl
    To p i ck o e s a t th e k u l uk o n a o o d s w
    Ke o mi k e fiu hek in a e a ha , t An d br t
    i n g hem fo r s o me on e to p a i l t ,

    M a a m a teu n ga fa k a n iu a , rt
    To d e c o a e u s fo r the fa k a n iua d a n c e ,

    Ke n ga n ga tu ho ta u p o h iv a . r
    To p e fu m e u s i n o u r n igh s i n gi n g t .

    The S ix p oem s on the f o ll o w i n g p a g es we re p os ed


    co m b y m en n ow

    d ea d . Tw o Of the p oem s a re b y Tu fu i . Ko e Nga a hi M ot u O To n ga t a p u


    d ea l s w i th the i s l a n d s O f the To n ga tab u grou p a n d K oe T a a n ga en i a Tu fu i
    t r ea t s s p e c i fi ca ll y O f the w ea th e r S h o r e o r l i k u O f To n ga ta b u i s l a n d K oe , , .

    Ta an ga en i a F u t a l i k ew i s e d ea l s w i th the w ea th e r s h o r e o f T o n g a
    ta b u The p oe t F a l e p a p a la n gi is r e s p o n s ibl e fo r tw o p o em s : a c h a n t
    ‘

    w h i c h d e a l s w i th L i fu k a i s l a n d in th e H a a p a i gr ou p a n d a c h a n t w h i c h ,

    d es c r ib es a tr i p in w h i c h b o th the T o n ga ta b u a n d the V a v a u gr o u p s a r e
    v i s i t e d The S i xth p oem is a n on y mo u s A l th ou gh i t b ea r s the t i t l e Koe
    .
    .
    “

    n da nu s ) c om p a r a t i v el y li tt l e o f i t a c t u a ll y d e a l s w i th th a t
    ”
    Fa ( Th e P a

    t r ee a n d its fr u i t ; m o s t o f the v e r se s d ea l w i th f ea t u r es O f the n a t u r a l


    s c en e ry .
    8 B ern ice P . B is hop M us eu m — B ulle tin
    KOE NC A A H I MOTU O TO N GATAB U TH E I S LA N DS OF TO N GATAB U : TH E
    KOE LA v EO EO — KO E FATU E WON DER CH ANT - —
    TH E CO M
    TU FU I 8
    PO S ITI ON OF TUF U I
    K e fa n o ngo ma i, e k a n ok a n on a , Li s t en , oh, a lt o s n i ge rs ,

    l
    K a u a v e m o u p e te k e i oa ; t l I w i ll i g S n o f the i s l a n d s a n d see if y ou
    kno hem ; w t
    Ki ho m a u to l u F a n ga l on go n oa . r b
    Yo n d e the ea c h o f Fa n ga l on gon oa .

    Ne fu a i On e v a i he o ok a ; t t It wa s ma d e by
    O n ev a i to b e ca m ; l
    t ll
    K o e m o u e e i ia o onga, T T t
    ha is the es i s a n d o f
    “
    b t l
    on g a , T
    La ta a n ga o e fa k a ha k on oa . l ll r
    The p a c e a u e s fo r a p ea su e i p l r tr .

    A n gi a e m a a n gi on g a , t t When o s the sou h i n d , bl w t w


    He a e i a ho l a
    - - - - - -
    l H e a e i a hO l a
    - - - - - -

    H e h e — i a he h e a
    - - - - -
    He he i a h e he a !
    - - - - - -

    Mok otu u e na , mo V el itoa ; Mok otu u th r d V lit ; e e, an e oa

    Ha n g e ha k u o ho a ,
    v a k a tou l Li k ve al th t h b d d e s se a as a sc on e ,

    A e to m o ho p o a Ma lin oa Th f ll i g
    e d ri i g f M li
    a n an s n o a n oa

    Ok a tu u m a ta ha v ili a on ga T . Wh T g t d f i g th w i
    en on a s an s ac n e nd .

    A gin ae ma t gi t g
    an on a, W h bl w th th w i d
    en o s e s ou n ,

    H e a —e i a ho l a
    - - - - -
    H e a e i a ho l a !
    - - - - - —

    H e he i a h e h e
    - — — - - -
    a ! He he i a he he a
    - — — - — -

    V e lito a hihifo m o M on n a i e , V e l itoa es -


    w t
    a n d M on na i e,

    t
    Nga a m e i T
    a n o a m o F e l ea v e ; En d i n g wt T
    i h a n oa a n d F el ea v e ;
    l t
    Na a ita i o o oe p u u a k e , tb
    Le s ec o mes a n g y the m i n d o f the p o e r t ,

    H e ok u vi k i a a e ma a ha n ga le , t r
    B eca us e i s p a i s e d th e b u d o f the a n g a b l e

    tr ee , 9

    K a u fok i p e a u k i H a ha k e . I w i ll r t r t e u n o th e ea s t c ou n try .

    A n gi a e ma a n gi to n g a , t Wh bl w en o s the s ou th w i nd,

    H e a e i a hO l a !
    - - - - - -
    H e a e i a - ho —l a !
    - - - -

    H e he i a he he a
    - - - - - —
    He he i a h e he a
    — - — - - -

    K 0 A ta k o e m o tu a fon u a , A ta is the O d es and l tl


    M o Eu e ik i p ea m o Eu a ; An d Eu e ik i a n d Eua ;
    Na e fu s i e M a u i k i o l u n ga . Wa s p u e d u p ll
    Ma u i by .

    KO Kl
    a au e m o u n g a i n i ua
    , t l ,
    K l l
    a a u , a n i s a n d a p p ea i n g to ha v e p en y r l t
    O f c oc on u s , t
    Ne fe k e i a i a e on go o tua . Q rr ll
    ua e e d ov e tw o g o d s r by .

    Ta k oe fin go ta fiem u a , e t
    Why i w a s a s he fi s h a n d c un n i n g , ll
    K u o tu k u ho n o n gees i i u ta , l t
    A n d e f its e mp S he ll o n s h o e ty r ,

    Ka k a a lu 0 h ek e te l e fua . l t w t
    Wh i e i en and c a e d n a k ed r wl .

    A n gi a e m a a n gi t t g on a, bl w
    When o s the s outh i n d , w
    H e a e i a hO l a !
    - - - - - -
    H e a e i a hO l a !
    - - - - - -

    H e h e i a - he h e a
    - - - - -
    He he i a he he - a !
    - - - ~ -

    K O Lo tu ma mo F ol ok ol up e, Lotu m a a n d F o l ok ol u p e ,

    K O Lek ia fa ita u n o fo n e Le k ia fa ita u s a n d s he e t r


    T l
    a n g a o a e tuu m a k e he p e , Th r e e sta n d s T gl an a oa S lidi g n ,

    K O P u le n ia fi m o O n go l a te . P u l en ia fi and On go l a te .

    A gi n ae ma t gi
    an to n a , g When bl w o s th e s o u th w i nd,

    H e a e i a ho l a !
    - - - - - -
    He a e i a h o l a
    - - - - - —

    H e h e i a he h e a
    - - - - - -
    He he i a he he
    - — — - — -
    a i
    8
    r
    F o m Koe Ma k a s in i a Kol ij i ‘

    , v ol 3, p .
    9, 1 87 6 . Tr a n s a ed lt by Mi s s B ea tr i ce

    rl y
    S hi e B a k e r .

    9 Ha n ale
    g e e he e s m o i es tr r y b lz the H i hi fo ( w t) es d is tri t c of To n ga ta b u , l
    a ong

    the bea c h es o f hi ch i g o s w t r w .
    lo B er n ice P . B is hop M us e u m —
    B ulletin
    K O M o tu ta la m o M a a a ho ; t M o tu ta la a n d M a t a a ho ;
    Ha a n ga k a fa n e m ei n ga o ; l Ha a n ga k a fa w a s n ea rl y fo rg ott en ,

    Ta la k ite fea n ga i m o M o ho ; Ta la k ite op po s i t e to M o ho ;


    Na e tuu a i a e toa o n g o , T h r t d th
    e e s oo e ca s ua r i tr t h t l i t
    na ee a s en e d ,

    l
    Na e ho o a i p e e a o . Ov r w hi h th
    e c e l
    c o ud s p a s s ed in qu ick
    s ucces s o n i .

    A gi n ae ma t gi t g
    an on a, When bl w o s the so u h t wi nd,

    H e a e i a ho l a !
    - - - - - -
    He a e i a h o l a
    - - - - — —

    H e h e i a he h e a
    - - - - - -
    H e he i a he h e
    - - - - - -
    a

    K O Niu mo tu u m o Nu k u la v e ,
    Niu m o tu u an d Nu k ul a v e ,

    l
    P ea to u ak i V a o ma il e . An d V a o ma il e m a k es a thi d r .

    t
    E m o u k o F a n a k a v a a o tua , l
    The i s a n d o f F a na k a v a a otu a ,

    Na e tu u p e i he o o k o u a l t t . Whi c h s ood in the m i d d e Of the ma n g


    t l r v o es .

    A n gi a e m a a n gi o n ga , t t When o s the sou h i n d bl w t w ,

    H e -a e i a h O l a l
    - - - - -
    H e a c i -a h o l a
    ~ - ~ - —

    H e h e i a he h e a i
    - - - - — -
    H e h e i a - he he a
    - - - - -

    To n gom o tu p ea mo Ngo fo n u a ! To n go m o tu a n d Ngo fo n ua ’


    Na m o l im u e tu u p o u k i u ta ; t Na mol im u s a n d s n e a es th e t r t s ho e r ;
    Na e tuu a i e ha m a te fu a , T r
    he e s o o d he e a s ma t sa i t r ll li gn c a n oe ,

    Na e uli 0 ta i M uo m ua . Whi c h s a i l ed a n d s truck M uo m ua .

    A gi
    n ae ma t gi t g
    an on a, When bl o w s the S out h w i n d ,

    H e a - e i a hO l a
    - - - — —
    He a e i a ho la
    - - - - - -

    H e he - i a he h e
    - - - — —
    a i He he i a he he
    - - - - - -
    a

    M u ik u k u fea n ga i m o Na ha fu . w hi h t d p p i t N h f
    M u ik u k u c s an s O os e a a u .

    E mo t ll u e e i k o M o u n ga ta p u ; A d l ight f l i l d i M g t p ;
    e u s an s o un a a u

    Na e n o io ai P u tu fa k a ta u ,
    T h r d w lt t h r P t f k t
    e e e e e u u a a a u,

    KO s ion o m o u to i he ha u t . H i p r i l d giv
    s oo t h im by th r l r
    s an en o e u e .

    A n gi a e m a a n gi o n ga , t t Wh bl w th s t h w i d
    en o s e ou n ,

    H e a e i a h O la !
    - - - - - - H i h l l
    e- a - e - -
    a- o- a

    H e he i a he he a i
    - - - - - -
    H e he i
    - - -
    a - h e - he - a

    K O Nuk u m o Ka n a tea ta eo fa ; Nu k u and K a n a tea th e i


    u nk n d ;
    Na e n o i o a i M a p a fieto a . Th r w lt t h r M p fi t
    e e d e e e a a e oa .

    Na a n e t a u i Tu i La l o to n ga ,
    H f g ht T i L l t g
    e ou u a o on a,

    Ne i k a i t a l i m a i k a k a h o l a . W h d id o t w it f h im b t fl no a or u ed .

    A gi
    n ae ma t gi t g
    an on a, Wh bl w th S t h w i d
    en o s e ou n ,

    H e - a - c i a ho l a ! ~ — - —
    H e a e i a ho l a
    - - — - - -

    He he i a he he a !
    - - - - - -
    He he i a he he
    - - — — - -
    a

    La u ai mo e m o t u k O Pa k o l a, C ti g
    o un in the i s a n d o f Pa k o a ,
    n l l
    Na e tu u p e i k a i i l oa , W hi h t
    c s ood he n d i s a pp ea e d , , t r
    I he m u iv a i o V e ito l oa ,
    A t the en d O f the a e O f V e itolo a w tr ,

    K o e n o foa n ga o e Tu i o n ga T . w ll
    The d e i n g p a ce o f the Tu i on g a l T .

    A n gi a e m a a n gi o n ga , t t Whe n o s the so u h i n d bl w t w ,

    H e a e i a ho l a !
    - - - - — -
    H e a e i a h o la
    - - - ~ - -

    H e he- i a he he a !
    - - - - -
    H e he i-a he he a !
    - - - - -

    F a k i ma m a n a te ma u tl a a F a k im a ma n a w e i w ll m en ti on

    K o e u hi p e ho n o h in go a B eca u se o f its n a m e
    K a k u O i k a i ho n o u n u g a t . W hy i t ha s no p l ace .

    Na e tuu i A e e he p u n a , tl t
    It s ood a t e e hen fle w a ay At l t w ,

    b l
    N e o o k i i he ta u o tua . T he n w a s h o n d o n in the w a r t r w w of

    the g o d s .

    A n gi ae ma t gi t
    an on ga ,
    When o s the so u h i n d , bl w t w
    H e - a - e - i- a - h O l a -
    He a - e- i-a -ho la !
    — -

    H e he i a he- he a i
    - - - - -
    He he - i a he he a i
    — - - - -
    G iffor d —
    Ton ga n Pla ce Na mes 11

    V a k a n goto ik a , V a k a u ta n gu , The v es s el t ha t s a n k the fi sh an d the v es se l


    l oa d ed ,
    w ith y a ms ,

    Na e he fa n g a i Pa hu
    tuu i . Th t t a s ood at th b e ea c h o f P a hu .

    K e fa n o n go ma i ho ma u , Li t t s en o m e y ou ,
    K o e n ga ta a n ga ia oe m o u t . Th es e a re a ll the i s l and s .

    Ka i k a i ta u i p ea k e hu . If n o t co n e s e d , t t then sue fo r p a d o n r .
    l l

    A n gi a e m a a n gi t t g on a, When bl w o s th e s ou t w
    h ind
    He -a e i a hO l a
    - - - - -
    H e a e i a hO l a - - - - - -

    H e he i a he he a
    - - — - - -
    He he i a he he a - - - ~ - -

    KOE F A K A M ATA LA
    TH E E PLA N A T ON X I
    As eg a d s r
    Niu u i : i is r t sa id , wh en
    K o e mea k i Niuu i : O k u l a u n a e fa i i sla n d s Of To n ga ta b u w r rt i on e d
    th e e e po
    ae t
    u fa o e n ga a hi ni otu o o n ga a p u , T t ou t, and wh en a ce rt i
    a n i
    ch e f he a rd the
    p ea i h e fa n o n go e he e i k i e a h a k i he t name Niu u i t h ght t h t i t r f rr d
    he ou a e e e
    h in goa Niu u i n a a n e m a ha o k oe l a u k i l to the co c on u s
    ,

    t t h t w r th r d h a e e e e, an e
    he n iu ok u i a i, O ne ka l g lv
    an a e a
    s ho u e d , t “
    I w i ll h v it Wh h w t a e .
    ”
    en e en
    K a i heen e al u k i a i k e
    “ ”
    Ook u ia .

    to s ee h is i h rit n h f d th t t h r
    e a n ce e ou n a e e
    v a k a i h on o t
    o ha k u o to , ta o k u ik a i ha
    was n ot a i gl t tr
    S n t di g e c oc on u ee s an n
    fu u n iu e a ha e tu u a i t .

    th r e e .

    Ka n a tea the u n k i n d
    “
    I t w a s ca e d . ll by
    Ka n a tea ta eo fa Na e u i p e he k o e .

    t t
    ha n a me eca us e he e d e he e a b t r w lt t r
    uo fo a i a e otua a h i k o Tu i La l o to n ga , t go d o f the sea , Tu i La lo to n ga w ho a a s lw y,

    aia n a a n e faa k e i n a a e k a k a i ( n a a k o
    a te the p eo p e ( p e ha p s i w a s a S ha k ) l r t r .

    ha fu u ten ifa ) Pe a n a e a i ha e i k i .

    T rhe e d e w lt
    a t Nuk u a c hi e f b y th e n a m e
    na e n o fo i Nuk u , k o M a p a fi eto a hon o
    o f M a p a fietoa , a n d on e o f his c h i d en w a s
    "
    l r
    h in go a : p ea n a e m o e ha a ha i heen e l t l t t r
    os h o u gh the fa u O f Tu i La l o ton ga lt .

    fa n a u k o e n ga u e k o vi a Tu i La l o ton ga .

    An d Ma p a w a s m uc h g i e v e d a n d he o d r t l
    P ea ma m a h i a i a M a p a O n e ta l a ta u ,
    the go d i f he ha d a n y a i o to s en d him w rr r
    ,

    k i he fa a hik ehe— k a a i ha n o to a k e n e t o fig h t
    An d M a p a a n d his p eo p e s ha p l r
    P ea fa k a m a ta e M a p a
    .

    ha u k e n a fa i .

    en e d t
    he i s p ea s a n d hey ren d o n to r , t w t w
    mo hon o k a k a i h on a u ta o p ea n a u ,
    the s ea , a n d he ho u gh ha Tu i La o t y t t t t l
    a l u h i fo k i t
    a h i ; h e n a a n a u p e he k uo t g
    on a wa s su e r t o a cc e p t th e C ha ll g
    en e
    tl
    p a u k e a i he k o e o tu a p ea ta l a e ha i be c a u sehe w a s a go d ; a n d w ho c ou ld
    te n e fo i K a n a e i k a i i o a a i a e fa a
    . l sa y ha he t t
    ou d b e o v e c o m e B u t the w l r
    b
    .

    i k c he ; p ea ita a M a pa fi etoa o n e a a go d w a s n o t fo u n d he e a n d M a pa fie to a t r
    l t t
    ,

    m o ho n o k a k a i k i H a v e u o n a u u u was an g a n d he fo d e d ryi h h is p eop e r wt l


    h on o fa e n a e tuu a i l .
    to H a v e u a n d u n l
    the g o d s hou s e ha
    ’
    b r t t t
    t
    s oo d he e t r .

    KOE TA AN G A EN I A TU F U I 12
    A CH A NT BY TU EU I

    1 . K e fa n on go m a i e la u o o n a l t I . Li s t en y o u w ho i g b a ss
    s n

    l
    K a u a v e a u k i he Tua ton ga . Wh i l e I c ha n t to y o u a b t ou th e w th r
    ea e

    s ho e r of T g on a .

    Ki hOO ma u to l u l ik he t t
    o ok a When ou r ea w th r S ho e r i lm
    fl
    u e s ca
    Ta vik i a hon o to k a lin oa . We w i ll p ra i se its oa t i g j l ly fi
    n e ~
    sh .

    The e xp r i es s on m ea n s : if ano th r e p oe t ca n n o t ou t d thi o s co m p o s i t i on t hen l et


    hi m s ue fo r p rd a on

    R
    .

    ‘2
    Fro m r t
    ma n u sc i p in the p o s ses s i on of M rs . a ch e l T g on a, Pa n ga i , Li fuk a .

    Tr lt
    a n s a ed by M i s s B ea i ce S hi ey B ak e tr rl r .
    12 B er nice P . B is hop M us eu nB — B u lletin
    2 . Ete vi k i k a fu a m ei he Toa , My p ra i s mg w i ll t rt from s a Toa ,
    Ha a n gon go p ea moe Ta n oa , H a a n gon go a n a n oa d T ,

    Hu fa n ga l up e k e mou i l oa ; t r
    S a n c ua y o f the P ig eon b e it k no w n

    to y ou ;
    Koe mea ll i
    e e ia o To n g a ; Th ese a r e the n i ce t hi n g s O f Ton g a ;
    Hol a an ga l
    e up e a Ta n ga l oa . Fl d t h r
    e e e the p ig eon o f Tan ga l oa .

    3 . Utu ve tev e te k oe va i pan go Utu v e tev ete y w tr the u n uc k l a e

    Utu fia e he fol au aa ol ; B l d
    a e t b y th p d d l i g
    ou ; e a n c a n o es

    KO V a ia n ga hel e n o fo k a u fa n o . V i g h l
    a an t y w hi l
    a I g
    e e S a e o .

    F a k a o fa e ha fu a e h in gan o W p i t i f l th d r pp i g f th
    flwr
    . as u e o n o e

    hi g ‘
    n an o o e s .

    K0 Tuk u tu k u n ga m o An a te tea , T T k t k g
    o u d th Whiti h
    u u ve
    un a an e s ca ,

    K O F a k a ma l u n ga S iuta fe a . T F k m l g w h r th b t r
    o a a a un a e e e oa a ce

    i h ld s e .

    Ka u ta k a ma k a ma he tl
    e ea Th r I ll
    e e t h r k r b i th
    ’
    ca c oc c a s n e

    r vi c e ce s

    He t lie a e ma t gi
    an k uo hema . F th
    or w i d i fr m th
    e rt hw tn s o e no es .

    5 K oe
    . Moa p ea m o m a k a te fua : Th F wl e d ll th
    o t an a e s on es

    K ap a k a n ma t t
    e uu l l
    k i u un g a , Th d d w i g t d
    e ea th w t id n s an s on e es s e,

    Ne l a v ea he o o t l m e i Eua . W d d by ( M i ) t hr w fr m E
    ou n e au
    ’
    s o o ua .

    M a k a ta n gi p ea m o e l t
    o o na, Ma k a ta n gi an d the d eep sea ,

    K 0 F a k a ha k e n ga a tu ta t uk u a . F a k a ha k en ga a tu w e go an d l v
    ea e .

    6 F a k a p o tu m oe Lo to a u ton gi
    . F a k a p otu a n d Lo toauton gi
    K
    i s ion o v a i fak a haal ol i ; wt r
    Whos e a e is s ca e ed i h loli tt r wt -

    S he fi s h ; ll
    t
    Ta uk ua mo hon o h in go a k o vi ; w ll l
    We tw o i ea v e i a n d its b a d n a me ; t
    F o ilu l u p ea mo Ma l ol o i . F o ilu l u a n d M a lo l o i .

    7 . To uhu n i m o Mak a s ia l eta fa . To uh un i and the R ock of the Sia l e

    t a fa

    Tu u a i o m a ma a k i m o a n a t S t an d th r d l ook to th e oc ea n
    fl
    . e e an .

    l
    En e m e o e fo la u ta fa a n ga ; I t is br w w i t h
    o n th e ee t of fi shi n g
    j mp i g t t h i r i d
    c a n o es ;
    K0 a tu ni k uo t uk u t a fa a fa t . The b iton os a re u n a e S es .

    . l
    8 Ng a u fa n ifo m a k a o m i a l The s u a s rf pl y th r k b m rg d on e oc su e e

    F ea n ga i m o e o tu m a k a h iv a ; Oppo s e o e i t t th w f i t ; ro o n ne s on e s

    Fa s i m ei a o Ta laa hoia l l . The ea e s br k r r ll fr m b l w T l o o e o a a

    a ho ia .

    Ta fa n ifoa k a t a e v ehia . We w i ll s w i m in the su rf t h en go fo r


    a w lk a .

    9 . Ma k a ta u ta u m o Pu ha m oma l a , Ma k a ta u ta u P uh a m o m a l a , an d

    KO K
    a ha n a p e a m o H a l a k a k a l a , Ka ha n a a n d H a l a k a k a l a ,

    K O Nua n ga m oe H a l a fa k a ta fa , Nu a n ga a n d H a l a fak a ta fa ,
    Ne u ta k i a i e k a u a n g a a t t . The fa v o i e p a ces o f me n rt l .

    K O K ev ik i mo F a iha v a m o tu a , IO. K ev ik i an d F a ik a v a motu a ,


    Ta fe ki m o a n a e v a i ma p un a ,
    Fl o w to the o c ea n th e r un n n i g w at e rs
    Fa s i he ma a h i u fi to o fu a ; Br ea k and r r
    oa th e w v s
    a es a they ru n ,

    K O Utu fu fu ta fa k a l a n u a . At Utu fu fu w e tw o w i ll r i nse o ff the


    sa lt wa tr e .

    13 The no rt hw t w i es nd ma k es it ca lm on the s ou th r e n s h o e , so r t h t r b fi hi g
    a c a s n

    an d b tr i g
    oa ac n a re po s s i bl e .
    14 B e r n ic e P . B is hop M us e u m— B ulle tin
    F a k a u l un a fa mo e Toa lek a ; F a k a u l u na fa a n d Toa l ek a ;
    l
    K O o to Ho u ma e mea k o en a . T t l
    ha is the m i d d e o f Ho u m a o e v r
    th r e e .

    En e va e fa n ifo hek ea . T h y l g h w h th
    e au en e su r f pl y r l i ps a e S .

    K O V e inga n ga n a m o e Lo to u a ; . V e in ga n ga n a a n d Lo toua ;
    Tu u a i e v a i hin goa hu a . t
    S a n d s the a e ca e d b y a w tr
    a u g ha e ll l bl
    n a me .

    K O An a h o l ia ha u ta u k u a ; t C
    The a v e O f D es i e l et u s p u t a a y ; r ‘

    w
    Ta ha k ea Hik u ta v a k e k i u ta . We tw o i a sc en d w ll
    H ik u ta v ak e to by
    the a n d l .

    An a a fitu m o An a u ma ta , The Wind in g Cv an d the Cv of

    Ribw
    . a e a e

    the a n o ,

    Ngu k u l a e vai o
    S iu fa n ga , Ngu k u la by th w t r e a e of S iu fa n ga ,

    F ea n ga i m o F in ek a hoa ma p a , Op p o s i t e F in ek a hoa ma p a ,

    l
    Pa k i a e s i a e he ma a n g a t . Whe re a r e p uc k e d th e l g rd i a en a s be
    ca u s e o i t h i r w ith r i g
    e e n .

    To u hu n i e n a m o F u emo tu ; To u hu n i is e e an ue o u th r d F m t ;
    K oe F a n ak a v a ia 0 P ul otu I t is the F a n a k a v a o f Pu lo tu
    ‘
    ‘

    . .

    Umu ifi p ea m o An a p u l ou . Umu ifi a n d the ov e ed ave C r C .

    l
    K O V a e mo Ha l a ik a m o tu a Va l e and the Old Fi s h R oa d

    Tuu a i o m a ma a k i Eu a ; t t t r l
    S a n d he e a n d o ok o a d s Eu a ; t w r
    K t
    M a nu k o e a a fa a s i e n e p un a S ee the i d br K
    a ta fa i n its ight fl
    K 0 a tu k a tu k u a tu k i fa n ua . b t l
    A n d the o n i o s e a p i n g fo r the s ho r e .

    Fa n ga p ek a en a m o e Toa Fly i n g fo x B ea c h t he re a n d
    -
    Toa
    F ea n ga i m oe H in ga n o l ek a , O pp o s i t e to H in ga n o lek a ,

    M oe es i o S is iha la ik a ; An d the m o un d ca ed the G i d ll r l of

    R
    e

    th e Fi s h oad ;

    He n iu i M a ta ima n uk a . The c o c o n u s a t M a ta ima n uk a t .

    Likis ia m o Ma k a m a k a u u l i, 10 . Lik is ia a n d M a k a ma k a u u l i ,

    K O Ta u m o e v a i k o e Hu m Ta u a n d the Wa e ca e d Hun i t r ll ,

    F a k a fe a n ga i mo k a u Ha n m i t
    Opp o s i e to the Ha n m i
    Fi n e to u i l
    s a e en e uufi . Th e w
    o ma n p uc k i n g the g a d en i as l r
    th t a co v er the tr ee .

    II . Ho u tol u m o e Av a ta fa a n ga I I . H o u to l u a n d Av a ta fa a n ga
    Tu u ai 0 m a mata k i m oa n a ; t r
    S ta n d he e a n d ook o l t w rd a s the
    oc ea n ;
    KO a tu ui k uo t uk u t a fa a fa t . The b iton os ha v e s ca tt re ed .

    12 . Ma k a a ho ia m o Fa n ga fuk a v e , M ak aa ho ia and Fa n ga fu k a v e ,

    Tu a l ik T g
    u on a , en e v a l ev a l e . Wea t he r S ho r e of T g th on a, ou a ro us es t

    desi e r .

    Na i m a n u o K l a au k uo ak e ; The fi s h i n g i d s o f a a u ha v e re br Kl
    t r
    u n ed ;

    F a k a o fa e pa k i ae s a e i l . t bl
    Pi i a e i s the p uc k i n g o f the ga r l
    d en ia s .

    I3 . Ma k a ta u ta u m o S iu a ta ma ,
    The Ha n gi n g o ck a n d S iu a ta ma R ,

    F ea n ga i m o Ta u k o lo k iv a k a , O ppo s i te to Ta u k o l o k iv a k a ,

    l
    K 0 H u e m oe v a i k o La k a n ga l
    A n d Hu e a n d the a e ca e d La k a n ga w t r ll
    l t l
    Mo e to o o o i F a leaa ta . A n d the c a p e a t F a l eaa ta .
    Gi ffor d —
    Ton ga n P la c e Na mes 15

    I4 . K ep el ik i ena m o Ne i a fu, 14 . th r
    K e p e lik i e e and Nei a fu ,
    Tuu l a n ga uta fa s i k e maa n . Wh r th w ve e e a es of the s ho e r br eak

    an d r o ll in s ucce s s on i .

    He t li
    e a e ma t gi
    an tok e l a u, When th e no rt h w i d bl w n o s,

    F a k ao fa hin gan o ha fu P i i fu t l is the d r pp i g f th h in ga n o


    fl
    e en e . o n o e

    o w r e s .

    15 . K 0 Ov a k a p ea mo F ea u a k i, 15 . Ov a k a an d F ea ua k i ,

    Nu k un a mo e H i fon ga m o e Ap i ; Nu k u n a mo at H ifo n ga and Ap i ;


    K O Lou tok oto k a fa s i m a a hi A t Lo u tok oto wh r e e th e w v br
    a es ea k

    Ta fan i foa k a ta ha k e m a i . We tw o w i ll p l y i a n the s u rf th , en go


    a s ho e r .

    16 . An a fun gav a i n o fo me ,
    16 . Cv a e at the top of th e w tr t
    a e , s ay

    w hi l e w e go ,
    An a fa l e m o Fin e ta p a te An d An a fa l e and F in eta p a te
    M a k a p a pa mo e u l u s i a l e . An d Ma k a p a p a and the row of

    g a r d en i a s
    Ha k e ai k i Ngutuo fa fin e . Let us go up to th e p a ce l ca ll ed

    Ngu tu o fa fi n e .

    17 . La k a m e i Eua mo fa n g a a h i l ,
    Pa s s i n g f r om Eua an d the b ig b h eac ,

    Tu fu ma n g a m a n g a k o s ion o vai B r a ck s h i and s p ea dr Op en it w t rs a e :

    K a u k e fu en e ha k e ta u l a k i .
    Yell o w i s h as th gh ou on e h d w h d
    a as e

    h is h ea d c a w ith l y .

    Ne ilo a he va k a t uk u m ea i .
    l
    The v e s s e fou n d th e m ea i fi s h .

    Ng a t a a i e vi k i ma ta ta hi .
    T t
    ha is the en d o f my p a i s i n g the r s ea

    s ho e r .

    Ka ma n a t u e p ea k e ma ha k i : I f you r e mem b r it
    e a ll y ou w i ll d ie .

    A CH A NT A B OUT L I F UKA —
    B Y FA L EPAP A LA N G I “3

    t
    H o o o fa a a e t l i k i h m t gi
    a an , My l v t ll t th w i d
    o e e o e n ,

    H e m ea k oa he hua O ha i Whi h w i ll p r d it d f t
    c s ea an a s en

    t
    A e a u n on o fo he fo n u a m O d w ll i g i t hi l d
    ur e n n s an .

    S a n i m a i e fa n g a k O K e ita h i , B t i f l i th b h t K it hi
    ea u u s e eac a e a ,

    M o e on g o O Ta u s is ii v ak a i . W h r th t i d i g f T i ii
    e e eh rd n s o aus s a re ea .

    K oha i k oa k e i lt
    a a ai ? Wh t i ll w i h t t y th r
    o s s es o s a e e?

    K e ha n g e k o e o tu H a a p a i S th g r
    ee p f H p i i l
    e d ou O aa a s an s

    l
    K a ha vi i p ea fen ga l oma k i, Wh t rmy t h y
    en hi d d
    s o fr m i w e a re en o V e ,

    l
    K a m a u p ea fek ite n ga k i ; Wh lm th y i
    en ca ig ht f h t h r ; e a re n S o ea c o e

    Ta u v a k a ia s i en e fetak i Th w th m g i g h d i h d
    en e see e o n an n an

    H a n ge ha hu a fe il o n ga k i .
    L i k fr i d w h h v m t
    e en s o a e e .

    A m u s i a Lo ha i V a il a hi , E vi n f T f ou s v l t th
    o B ig o ua s
    ’
    o ca n o a e

    La k e ,

    Na e tu l ek in a en e o hu afi . Who p u shes o ut h er s mo k e .

    P ea ta u m o he u un g a k i a i, l l We w i ll S l eep to the w t es of it ,

    l
    Ta u k i P a uk i k i h e Ka s iv a k i, A n c ho r at l
    P a u k i a t the K a s iv a k i ea c h, b
    M o he k ia Lou p u a k i P a n g a i . An d ne xt n ig h t l
    s eep a t Lou p ua in P a n g a i .

    H en gihen gi p ea fela n ga a k i Ea rly in the m o n i n g e


    ’
    r
    go a o u , a n d w ll b t
    see

    A e fe fln e Ok a ta n gita n gi The w om a n wh en S he p l u ck s the o p en in g


    b ud ,

    F ro m Rvr e en d Dr J E M o u lt on
    ’
    ma n u s c i p r t m d v a i l a bl e by Re v E
    R
    the e . . s , a e a . .

    E V C o l l oco tt a n d R ev
    . . . . C . G Pa ge , O f th e M e
    . th d i t Ch r
    o s u c h, Nu k u a l o fa , Ton g a .

    Tr l t
    a n s a ed b y M i ss B ea ti r ce rl
    S hi ey B ak e r .
    16 B e rn ice P . B is hop M m e a nt —
    B ulle tin
    T li i l Ok a m a pa k i An d the bl w g rd i w hi h f ll i g
    fl w r g rl d f
    o ae s a e . o n a en a s c a re a n .

    Tu i p e a ta u k a hoa k i t hia . T r
    h ea d s h th S e e o e a an s or us

    w h w g to en e o s ea .

    O ma ma ta he v a k a p a p a l a n gi L t h v
    e us l k t th E r p v e s l
    a e a oo a e u o ea n s e

    Pea m o e ta u l a n ga to n gia k i . A d th d bl
    n il i g
    e t th
    ou e sa n c a n oe a e

    h r g anc o a e .

    K a fu n ga T ok u l v
    e a e ma t gian , Wh i l th rt h w i d bl w fr m th i l
    e e no n o s o e s e

    f T k o o u,

    Pea fa n o n goa me i l o toa T h r i h rd fr m th hi f


    e e s ea lo r o e c e
    ’
    s enc su e

    K u o p e a u a e o o fa n ga l t , Th r r f th w v
    e oa th o b h e a es on e e ac ,

    F a k a n a m u l i k uo k a i n a . Whi h i p p l d w i th tr g r
    c s eo e s an e s .

    Te tu u i Al a im u itoa L t et d t th b h Al im it
    us s an a e ea c a u oa

    P ea u l u a l o ma i e p ua Wh bl w th w i den o s e n

    I he fu n ga v a i i V e lito a . O v r th t p f th w ll t V lit
    e e o o e e a e oa .

    H a n ge ha k u m i Ok u fo lo fol a Li k pi e af bl k t p pr d
    ece t o ac a a S ea ou

    A e tu u a e To n go l el ek a . Li th b h fT gllk
    es e ea c o on o e e a .

    t t
    Ok a e i e i to e l a a W h th t m i en rly tt i g
    e s s n ea se n

    Pea ha m a e n iu i Li fuk a . St d t l ik
    an th m t
    ou f v l th e e as s o ess e s e

    t f Li f k c ocon u s o u a .

    O k a ta u l o ma k i e on ga t W h th en t h w i d bl w e sou n o s

    Te pa h e m o un ga o To fua Th m et i f T f o un a n s o o u a a re s e en

    Mo tok o n a K a o k uo k a i n a . A d th n m mi t f K e su m p pl d o ao s ee s eo e .

    A C H ANT —
    BY F A LEPA P A L A N G I 17

    Ma t a n gi k e tua K l o oa 0 wi nd, bl w fr o om the b a ck of K l o oa

    i s l an d
    K e k e ha ha he ta u l a n ga vaka .
    So th t a y ou m a y ma k e r gh ou the a n c ho r
    a ge .

    H a u ta vik i a Nuk ua o fa l . C o me , we w i ll p r i a se Nuk ua l o fa .

    Ke ta ha k e i To n ga ta ea pa We w i ll l
    To n ga ta ea p a an d at

    O fe hu i k i he O tu l otoa , An d a sk a t the d ifi e r en t e n c l o sm es ,
    “
    Koe fe n a i O n e ma l a ma “
    Oh h e e is O
    ,
    n e m w r
    a l a m a ?
    ”

    Na e a i e fa tuu ta ha T r t r
    he e w a s he e a p a n d a n u s s a n d i n g a o n e t l
    He es i o Pu a m o F e fi ne a , r
    Nea the moun d s o f Pua a n d F e fin ea ,
    H e v a i k o F in en a a k a k a la . B y the p o o o f F in en a a k a k a la l .

    H e l ot o l o a e n gin gie u ta , r
    Whe e the n gin gie p a n g o s o n the l t r w
    b k an ,

    Nga ae m a n u k oe o o a t l . T h r r i th w i l d b i r d ll d d k
    e e c es e ca e uc .

    Ok a l a n ga ia he fa ik a v a , Wh p r p r t i eni t rt d f th k v
    e a a on s s a e or e a a

    p rty a ,

    Ha u ta t uk u a v e ita ta ; C m w tw w i ll g t g t h r ;
    o e, e o o o e e

    K a ta ha k e i tu k u n ga ok e a u , t l W w i ll g p t th
    e rt h d o u o e no en ,

    l
    Fa e tuu l o to m o v a k a ha ha u, T th h o t d i g i th mi d d l
    e o use d s an n n e e an

    t th v l f mi t o e es s e o s ,

    M oe va i ik a t o k ua ne t anu . A d t th fi h p d t h t w
    n o b ri d i t i
    e s on a as u e ,
    s
    '

    sa id .

    Pu li an ge ha m ea ia te a u, Is th r e e a ny t h i g t h t i f rg tt n a s o o en b y me,
    H e k o S ii vi k i a s ii Va va u ? W hen I pr i l ig htl y p r V v au ?
    '

    a se S oo a
    t
    Ok a on g a e m a t a n gi k a u a l u W he n th w i d bl w fr m th
    e n o s o e s ou th , to
    V a v a u I go

    F ro m the Rvr e e en d Dr J E Mo u
    ma nus c i p lt r t m d v a i l a bl e by E
    R
    ’
    . . . on s , a e a Re v . .

    E V C o l lo c o tt a n d Rev
    . . . . C . G Pa ge o f the M e ho d i s
    . . t t Ch r u ch, Nu k ua l o fa , T g on a .

    Tra n s a te d l M i s s B ea by tr i ce rl
    S hi ey B a k e r .
    B ern ice P . B is hop M us eu m — B u lle tin
    K e ita hi m o F a l efil imoto, ;
    4 Ke ita hi and Fa l e filimo to ,

    La n g a S iu e fol a u a a o l . r
    O igi n a r wi g r t ed a o n a ce .

    Fi n e ta u m el o h a k e k i M a t ot o , 5 . W m f ll g r w l i mb d to M t oto
    o an u o n c e a ,

    KO i
    s en e ma t a m a h i n a h op o . T w t h th m
    o ri
    a c e o on se .

    Fi n e t an gi lo i i Utu m a l a m a 6 . W m p r t d i g t y t Ut m l m
    o an e en n o cr a u a a a

    t kl
    H u k en a he o e au l a fa la fa W bl w fl t b y th
    as ort h w i d
    n a e no n

    T il fl w i g b
    . .

    K k T il
    a o un oa en e t f a e B t it w
    u as un oa o n y

    I l l h m t g
    a o e a an a o Tl e e . B l w th
    e o li f f T l e c o e e .

    On eon e 0 F a n ga m o fu ik e , 0
    0 Th d
    e f th b
    san h F g m f ik o e ea c an a o u e,

    Na e ton gion e nai fe fi n e . P rh p th w m


    e a w sm k i g m rke o an as a n a s

    on th e sa n d .

    E fe fin e k u m i h o ll i
    e e k oe, 0 w o m a n s eek y ou r ow n g o od ,

    H e ok u to v a e i he l too t e A s I d o n ot k n o ho w to u s e a n oa r w
    H a m e a e a o a i ho o o l t Do a n hi n g ha yt i sa i s fy y ou m i n d t t w ll t r
    H e O k u te u l i ta en ga hol o . B eca u se I a m s ee i n g
    ‘
    i ho u mak i n g t r wt t
    he a d a y w .

    Tu i e h e ta uk ei o om a i . T hr ea d e d by an e x p rt e an d then
    br ght
    ou .

    To li e he so a l m oe v u la n gi, P l u ck e d by a s tr g r
    an e an d one n ot

    a cc u s o me d ,t
    Tu i e he ta uk e i O om a i . T hr d d b yea x p rt t h
    e an e e en br ght
    ou .

    Ta la a n ge k i he m a n u l a u n oa , T ll th b i rd t h t t l k
    e e a a s n o n s en s e ,

    Tu i e he a n k e i o om a i t . T h r d d by ea x p rt
    e an e e and th en

    br g ht ou .

    Ke o ua n a a k o vi h o l t
    o o n a, DO b e b a d m i n d ed ,
    n ot

    I hoo fa n on go i h a ta l a n oa . When y ou hea a ny epo r r rt s .

    H e n a e i k a i teu m a ha l oa I d id n o t h i n k t
    H a foou ok u Ou v osa l oa ; Iw ld ou a p p ea r g i a a n to s p eak O f the

    p t; as

    Ko e on goon go p e ia a e so a , l Th t w a a s th e r p rt f tr g r e o o a s an e ,

    M oe t ank e i oe l ik T g
    u on a . O n e fa m i l i r w i t h th w t h r h r
    a e ea e s o e of

    T g on a .

    H OO fi e fe ta u k i Ma l u hol a O h h ow I w l d l ik
    ou e to m ee t y ou at
    M a l u hol a
    Ka k i F on o n ga to a , Let u s tw o go fo r a w lk t F o n o n ga toa ,

    fl
    ta e vee v a a o

    O tu fi he hea m a p o i H o o n ga l . ll t
    An d c o ec the v a i n -
    b ti g h
    oa s n ea o w r e

    l
    a t H o on g a .

    l
    K a p o u i ta m o he i Fe e oa lt ,
    Wh i t i d rk w w i ll l
    en s a e s e ep a t Fe l et oa ,

    l
    O v a a ha fi fua s i op a l . A d h v gi r d l
    n f th a e es o e si l eav e s .

    t
    Ma e o fa he u i n g a fa la hola , t Oh h w I l v th g rl
    ‘
    an d of fa l a ho l a
    flwr
    o o e e a

    o e s,

    Na e h u i o t uk u he k a lil oa Whi c h w a s tak en 06 an d l fte b y the


    lo n g p i ll o w :
    T ta a Ota on go p e k O Po lo p ola C v r Ot g
    o e a on o or Po l o p o l a
    I ha n o n ga tu v a i e a n g e m o on a . W i t h it p ig m t s en a n d giv e i t to he r .

    A gn a ae fe fi n e O tu a fon u a , The w a y o f the o ma n is a c k to the w b


    an d l
    t l
    K a m a ma a e v a k i ha fa n o na When s he on ce s ees e en d e d the xt
    K u o a u m a n oa he u u a t l . tr
    S i n g ha t t t
    i es the i d to the oos br r t .

    l
    K O u pe n i k u o pa k ak a u a ; The p ig eon e v a d es the o u n d a y fenc e ; b r
    l
    T uu ev a o a i k e n e hen a tl . t r
    S a n d a n d ec eiv e e ca u se i is c a ugh b t t .
    G i ffor d —
    Ton ga n P la c e Na mes 19

    K oe l a u a p e, t ok ua , e u ha . by m i t w i ll r i
    I t i s Sa i d , so e, a n.

    M ea ha k e m u a ok u fe tu u a , l b rv i t i t rry
    P ea s e o s e e s s a ,

    P ea ok u i l a n gi A l o ua e ,
    t r Al
    A n d the s a t d i th k y ona s a n s n e S ,

    Pea Ok u ta fi ton ga e a fua Wh th w i d i fr m th


    en e th it n s o e sou

    w i ll b fi e ne :

    M a t a n gi k e fun g a A la k ifon u a , Th w i d i fr m th d i r t i
    e n f s o e ec on o

    A la k ifon ua
    “

    t l l
    Pea a o o he fu n ga Eua . t
    A n d i d i es a a y o n the top o f Eu a w .

    K a hok o o he m a p ea ok i t u ha . t
    Whe n i is f om the e f hen i r l t t t w i ll
    ri
    a n .

    K oe m a l a en i 0 ha p o u ha ; The m i s fo rt un e o f a r i y ight ;
    a n n

    Fa i a i e a fe fa k a m a l ua , When i t co m es , the t r i g id
    u n n as e for
    lt r
    S he e ,

    A en a a p e Ok u m a n a tu a . Wh i h p r h p s y
    c r m mb r
    e a ou e e e .

    He n ai ma n u l S tr y d p rh p th b i r d f th p r i z
    R viv d it w i lly
    II . oe pa e, II . a e e a s e o e e,

    A k e m a i k uo v a e l . e e as s .

    Na i m a n u o e k a h o , P r h p th b i r d f th r d
    R viv d w h it w d y
    e a s e o e ee ,

    A k e m a i k u o a hO . e e en as a

    12 . Li k u T g l ik t
    on a, u apu, . W th r h r
    ea ef T g th S rd o e o on a, e sac e

    w th r h r
    ea e s o e,

    La u l ea m o e n ga l u . M h t lk d f
    uc a d it rf e o an s su .

    I3 . Ok u t gi
    an e tua k e ta u he toa 13 . Th e mm cor r i t fight t b on e c es o o e a

    br v a e :

    Kae t t
    oa oa to e tua p e . A d if
    n br v f ll h b m
    a a e a s e ec o es a

    mm co r on e .

    DIS T R IB UT I O N OF PLA E NA M ES I N C REL A T I ON TO T ONG A N HIS T ORY


    The 4 7 7 6 p l a ce
    r eco rd e d fo r the k i n gd om o f T o ga a re d is
    n a m es n

    tr ib u t e d b et w een the fi v e i s l a n d gr ou p s : To n ga ta b u Ha a p a i V a v a u Ni u a , , ,

    f oo n a d Ni u a to p u t a p u O f the to t a l 4 776 n a m es 39 22 a e l i m i t e d to S i n gl e
    ,
    n .
    ,
    r

    i s l a n d grou p s a n d 8 5 4 a r e c ommo n to tw o o r m o r e gro u p s The t ot a l .

    n u m b e r o f n a m es i e a c h gr ou p is g o v e r n e d i n l a rg e m ea s u r e b y th e s i z e
    n

    O f the gro u p s a l a rg e a r ea n a t u r a ll y h a v i n g m o r e n a m es th a n a s m a ll o n e
    , .

    I n T a bl e 1 the n u m b e r o f n a m es p ec u l i a r to e a c h gr o u p a n d the n u m b e r
    s h a r e d w i th o th e r gr o u p s a r e s h ow n
    '

    TAB L E I .
    —
    N A M ES I N EA C H G R OU P
    P ecu l i a r S h a r ed
    1 5 61 703
    1 069 541
    9 40 5 73
    25 2 1 67
    1 00 92

    T a bl e 2 S h ow s the p e r c en t a g e o f n a m es in ea c h grou p p ecu l i a r to the


    gr ou p and the p e r c en t a g e o f n a m es S h a r e d w i th o th e r gr o u p s .
    20 B e r n ice P . B is hop M us eu m — B u lle tin
    TA B LE 2 .
    —
    P E CEN R TA G E O F PEC U L I AR A ND S H A R ED N A M ES I N EA C H G ROU P

    Pecu l i a r S h a r ed
    Ton ga ta b u 69 31
    Ha a p a i 66 34
    Vava u 62 38
    Ni u a fo ou 60 40
    Ni ua t t
    op u a p u 52 48

    Th e v a r i a t i on in p e rc en t a g e o f p ec u li a r n a m es s h ow n in T a bl e 2 ma y
    in s om e m ea s u r e b e c o rr el a t e d w i th the p o l i t i ca l i mpo rt a n c e Of the s ev e r a l
    grou p s The To n ga tab u gro u p w i th its r e l a t i v el y l a rg e l a n d m a s ses ha s
    .
    , ,

    a l w a ys b ee n so fa r a s k n o w n
    , th e p o l i t i c a l c e n t e r o f gr a v i t y o f the k i n g
    ,

    d o m ,a c o n d i t i o n w h i c h m i ght w el l b e i n s tr u m en t a l in d e v el o p i n g a w ea l th
    o f p ecu l i a r p l a c e n a m es .

    T a bl e 3 s h ow s
    t o t a l n u m b e r o f n a m es in c o mm on for ea c h tw o
    the
    gr ou p s The mo s t s tr i k i n g f ea t u r e o f th i s t a bl e is the r el a t i v e l y s m a ll
    .

    n u m b e r o f n a m es w h i c h V a v a u a n d Ha a p a i h a v e in c o mm on c on s i d e r i n g ,

    th a t th ey a r e ad j a c en t gro u p s T h i s b ec o m es e s p ec i a ll y a ppa r en t by c on
    .

    t ra s t i f on e e x a m i n es the figu r es of T a bl e 1 : V a v a u s h a r e s 97 ou t o f
    r e m o t e Niua foou s 1 67 S h a r e d n a m es b u t o n l y 1 68 o u t o f n e i gh b o r i n g
    ’
    ,

    Ha a p a i s 5 4 1 S h a r e d n a m e s The s i t u a t i on i s m a d e c l ea r e r in T a bl e s
    ’
    .

    4 an d 5 .

    TA B L E 3 .
    —
    N U M B ER O F N A M ES I N C O M T
    M O N B E W EEN EA C H TWO G O R U PS
    To n ga ta b u Ha a p a i V a v au Ni ua f oo u

    Ha a pa i 425
    V ava u 446 1 68
    Ni u a foo u 1 23 91 97
    Ni u a t o p u t a p u 59 53 62 27

    Ta bl e h ow s the n u m b e r O f n a m es in c omm on b e t w een ea c h tw o


    4 s

    gr ou p s e x p ress ed in p e rc e n t a ges O f th e n u mb e r O f s h a r e d na m es in ea c h
    ,

    O f th e gr ou p s T h i s t a bl e s h o u l d b e r ea d d o w n w a rd the n a m e a t the
    .
    ,

    h ea d o f eac h c ol u m n b e i n g th a t O f the gro u p u n d e r c on s i d e r a t i on : T h u s ,

    V a v a u ha s 7 7 p e r c en t O f its S h a r e d n a mes in c o m m on w i th To n ga ta b u ,

    b u t To n ga ta b u h a s o n l y 63 p er c e t O f its s h a r e d na m es in c o m m on w i th
    n

    V a va u .

    TAB L E 4 .
    —
    R
    P E C EN TA G E O F N A M ES S H AR ED BY EA C H T WO G O R U PS
    To n ga ta b u Ha a p a i Va v au Ni ua f oo u Ni ua to p u t a p u
    78 77 73 64
    29 54 57
    31 58 67
    I6 16 29

    9 Io 16
    22 B er n ice P . B is hop M us e um — B u lletin
    T a bl e 6 r ev ea l s the fa c t th a t V a v a u is m o r e c l os el y t i ed to Ton ga ta b u
    th a n is Ha a p a i w h eth e r the i n d ex is c on s i d e r ed a s b a sed on t ot a l n a m es
    ,

    o r o n s h a r e d n a m es o n l y The i n d ex d i ffe r e n c es a r e n ot l a rg e b e i n g tw o
    .
    ,

    in th e fi r s t i n s t a n c e a n d o n e in the s eco n d T h ey w o u l d s eem to i n d i c a t e


    .

    th a t i n t e rc ou r s e b e t w een Ton ga tab u a n d V a v a u ha s b een f u ll y a s gr ea t


    o r s li ght l y gr ea t e r th a n b et w een Ton ga ta b u a n d H a a p a i Th e n a m es e x.

    e l u s i v e l y s h a r e d b y T on ga ta b u a n d V a v a u t ot a l 2 1 2 b y Ton ga ta b u a n d
    ,

    Ha a p a i 1 9 3 ; w h e r ea s the n a m es e x c l u s i v el y s h a r e d b y th es e thr e e gr ou p s
    t ot a l on l y 1 3 2 P e rh a p s the e x p l a n a t i on O f th i s li es in the s u pr em e p o li
    .

    t i ca l p os i t i on o f Ton ga tab u fr om w h i c h the em i s s a r i es o f the Tui T on ga


    ,

    w e r e c on t i n ua ll y g o i n g f o rth to the o th e r gr ou p s to c o ll e c t tr ib u t e a n d to
    c a rr y ou t m a n y o th e r m i s s i on s O n the o th e r h an d the f a c t m u s t n o t b e
    .

    o v e r l o o k e d th a t the h i gh i n d e x figu r e s w h i c h co n n ec t H a a p a i V a vau a nd , ,

    N i u a f oou m o s t c l os el y w i th Ton ga ta bu a re to s om e e x t en t d u e to th e
    gr ea t n u m b e r o f p l a c e n a m es in Ton ga ta b u ( 2264 ) i n c r ea s i n g the c h a n c es
    fo r a h i gh p e r c en t a g e O f S h a r e d n a m es The o n l y gr o u p th a t f a il s in th i s
    .

    r ega rd is Ni u a t o pu t a p u w h i c h by b o th r ec k on i n g s ( in T a bl e 6 ) ha s m os t
    ,

    in c o mm on w i th V a v a u ; Ton ga ta b u r u n s a c l o s e s e c on d o n l y tw o i n d e x —

    u n i t s b e l ow V a v a u —
    w h e th e r i t is c on s i d e r e d fr o m th e s t a n dp o i n t O f a ll
    n a m es o r s h a r e d n a m e s on l y App a r en t l y the p ro p i n q u i t y O f Ni u a t op u t a p u
    .

    a n d V a v a u m a y b e a dd uc e d a s the e x p l a n a t i o n .

    Wh il e s p ea k i n g Of N i u a t o p u t a p u in
    r el a t i on to V a v a u i t m i ght b e w ell ,

    to n o t e the a l oo f n e s s th a t a pp e a r s to e x i s t b e t w een N i u a t o p u t a p u a n d N iu
    a f oo u s h ow n in T a bl e 6 b y the tw o l ow e s t i n d e x fig u r es 10 a d ,
    n

    App a r en t l y the tw o Ni u a s w e r e c on ce r n ed m o r e w i th V a v a u H a a p a i a n d , ,

    To n ga ta b u th a n w i th ea c h o th e r T h i s a g a i n w ou l d s e em l i k el y to b e
    .

    c o rr el a t e d w i th the l a rg e r p o p u l a t i on a n d gr ea t e r p o l i t i ca l i m p o rt a n c e O f

    the th r ee m a i n gr o u p s o f the a r c h i p e l a g o O f th e thr ee m a i n gr ou p s


    .

    To n ga ta b u a n d V a v a u h a v e m o r e in c omm on w i th the o u t l y i n g Ni ua s th a n
    ha s H a a p a i .

    The p os i t i on o f c en tra l l y l oc a t ed Ha a p a i is a n o m a l ou s I t ha s b een .

    a l r ea d y n o t e d th a t s he ha s l e s s in c o mm o n w i th Ton ga ta b u th an h a s V a v a u .

    J u s t a b ov e i t ha s b een n ot e d th a t S he ha s l e s s in c om m o n w i th the tw o
    Ni u a s th a n h a v e To n ga ta b u a n d V a v au No w c o m es the th i r d n eg a t i v e
    .

    c o rr e l a t i on a n d b y fa r th e m o s t S i g n i fi c a t o f a l l : Her l a c k O f r e l a t i o n
    n

    s h i p w i th th e r e m o t e N i u a s is q u i t e ec l i p s e d b y th e a l oo f n ess s h e d i s p l ay s

    t o w a rd s he r n o rth e r n n e i gh b o r V a v a u Wh eth e r the i n d e x es b a s ed o n a l l


    .

    n a m es i s u s e d o r th a t o n s h a r e d n a m es o n l y th e S i t u a t i on is the sa m e a n d
    ,

    g l a r i n gl y a pp a re n t in b o th Ha a p a i ha s r e l a t i v el y l es s in c o mm on w i th
    —

    V a v a u th a n w i th the o th e r fo u r gr ou p s O f the k i n gd om th u s v i ol a t i n g ,

    e x p ec t a n c y b a s e d o n th e la w o f c h a u r e a n d e x p ec t a n c y b a s ed o n geo
    Gi fl o r d ’ —
    Ton ga n P la c e Na mes 23

    gr a ph i c pro p i n q u i t y A c t u a l l y Ha a p a i a n d V a v a u h a v e on l y 86 n a m es e x
    .

    e l u s i v e l y in c o mm o n w h il e H a a p a i a n d To n ga ta b u h a v e 1 93 a n d T on ga
    , ,

    t a b u a n d V a v a u 2 1 2 The e v i d e n c e s eem s to p o i n t to so m e d i s t u r bi n g
    .

    h i s t o r i ca l f a c t o r p e rh a p s i n t e r m i tt en t h os t ili t y su c h a s w a s r i f e b et w e en
    ,

    H a a p a i a n d V a v a u d u r i n g M a r i n e r s s o j ou r n i n T o n g a
    ’
    .

    The s i t ua t i o n r e v ea l e d b y the d i s tr ib u t i on o f T o n g a n p l ac e n a m es is
    r ou gh l y s h o w n b y the a c c om p a n y i n g d i a gr a m w h i c h is b a s e d on the
    a s s u m pt i o n th a t the pr i n c i p a l d i ffu s i o n ha s b een fr o m the l a rge gr ou p s
    to the s m a ll o e s n Nu m e r ou s m i n o r d i ff us i o n s h a v e do u b t l es s t a k en
    .

    p l a c e m a n y o f th em b e i n g r ec i pr oc a t ed th a t is fo r e x a mp l e n ot o n l y
    ,
    —
    , ,

    h a v e n a m es fl o w e d o u t w a rd fr o m Ton gata b u b u t th ey h a v e l i k ew i s e fl o w e d ,

    i n w a rd to Ton ga tab u .

    The d i a gr a m ,
    fa c t th i s w h ol e d i sc u s s i on t a c i t l y a s su m e s a pr i
    and in ,

    m a c y fo r To n ga ta b u n o t o n l y p o l i t i c a ll y b u t a l s o in l en gth o f p e r i o d o f
    , ,

    h um a n o cc u p a t i o n I r eg a rd to th i s l a s t p o i t I sh ou l d l i k e to s t a t e th a t
    . n n

    k i t c h en m i dd en s s ev e r a l f ee t in d e pth a re to b e f ou n d in a n u mb e r Of
    p l a c es in the Ton ga tab u gr ou p Wi th the e x c ept i on O f a th i n s u rf ac e o f
    .

    bl ac k en e d so il w i th s c a tt e r e d S h e ll w h i c h I Ob s e rv e d on Eu ak a fa i s l a n d in
    ,

    the V a v a u gr o u p I f a il ed to fi d e i th e r in H a a p a i o r V a v a u a n y e v i d en c e s
    ,
    n

    o f pr o l o g e d o cc u p a c y c om p a r a bl e w i th th os e i n T o n ga ta b u
    n n O f c ou r s e .
    ,

    the To n ga ta b u s h e l l h e a p s m a y b e i n t e rp r e t e d a s i n d i c a t i n g a d e n s e r p o p u
    l a t i o n b u t i t w ou l d b e ra s h to en t i re l y c a s t a s i d e the th eo ry O f l o g e r
    , n

    oc c u p a n c y Q u i t e l i k el y the m a g n i t u d e O f the s h el l h ea p s is d u e to b oth


    .

    f a ct o r s l on ge r o c c u p a n cy a n d d en s e r p o p u l a t i on
    , .

    S AM O AN ACE NAM ES
    PL IN T O NGA
    F i v e h u n d r ed a n d s i xt een p l a c e n ames m en t i on e d by K ra m e r 19
    have
    been e x a m i n e d for T on g a n p a r a ll e l s . One h u n dr ed a n d on e of th e S a mo a n

    19 Kr a me r A g ti
    , u us n, D ie S a mo a I n se-
    l n, S tu tt g rt
    a ,
    1 9 02, 1 903 .
    24 B e rn ice
    -

    P . B is hop M us e u m — B ulletin
    n a m es , o r n ea r l y t w e t y pe r c en t a re em p l oye d in Ton ga b e i n g d i s tr ib ut ed
    n , ,

    a m o n g the fi v e gr o u p s a s f o ll o w s : To ga ta b u 7 1 V a v a u 4 7 Ha a p a i 40
    n , , ,

    Ni u a f o ou 1 5 a n d Ni u a t o p u t a p u 9
    ,
    .

    The o rd e r O f fr e q u en c y O f Sa m oa n n a me s in T on g a is v e ry n ea r l y the
    o r d e r O f fr e q u e n c y O f T o n ga n n a m e s ( S ee T a bl e . Ag a i n H aa p a i is
    o u t o f a cco rd w i th e x p ec t a n c y H a a p a i ha s 1 6 1 0 n a m e s a g a i n s t V a v a u s
    ’
    .

    y e t V a v a u ha s 4 7 n a m e s in c o m m on w i th S a m o a a g a i n s t Ha a p a i s
    ’
    15 13 ,

    40 . A f u l l ga z ett ee r o f S a mo a n p l a ce n a m e s w o u l d pro ba bl y m a i n t a i n the


    pr opo rt i on s r e v ea l e d b y the p re sen t s am p l e He r e p e rh a p s is a n o th e r .
    , ,

    c l ue to the a n om a l o u s p os i t i on O f H a a p a i in r e f e r en c e to the r es t o f T on g a .

    To n ga ta b u a n d V a v a u h a v e a b s o r b e d m o r e S a m o a n p l a c e n a m es th a n
    Haa p a i o r c o n v e r s e l y p e rh a p s S a m oa ha s b o rrow e d m o r e n a m es fr o m
    , , ,

    Ton ga ta b u a n d V a v au th a n fr o m Ha a p a i
    , .

    The h i gh pro p o rt i o n O f S a m o a n n a m es fo u n d in Ton ga ta b u is pro b a bl y


    d u e in s o m e m ea su r e to the l a rg e n u m b e r o f p l a c e n a m es 2264 ) in T o n g a
    t a b u i n c r ea s i n g the c h a n c es for S a m oa n p a r a ll e l s O n the oth er h a n d
    , .

    th e re a re s o m e Ton ga tab ua n s w i th S a m oa n bl oo d in th e i r v e i n s Ev en .

    th e l i n e o f Tu i K ano k u p o l u c h i e f s n o w s u pr e m e in T o n g a s pr a n g fr o m a ,

    S a mo a n w om a n the m o th e r O f Ng a t a the fir s t Tu i K a no k u p o l u w ho w a s
    , ,

    p r ob a bl y a ppo i n t ed a b ou t 1 6 1 0 I t is th i s l i n e o f ru l e r s h a l f S a m oa n in
    .
    ,

    o r i gi n , w ho t o d a y h o l d the thr o n e o f T o n g a Her M a j es t y Q uee n Ch a r ,

    l ott e T u p ou b e i n g the 2 I s t Tu i K a no k u p ol u It see m s c l ea r th e r e fo r e th a t


    .

    th e h i gh p e r c e n t a ge O f S a m o a n n a m es in To n ga tab u m o r e th a n a t en th ,

    o f th o s e li s t e d fo r Sa m o a b y K r am e r is d u e to S om eth i n g mo r e th a n the
    ,

    O p e r a t i o n o f the la w O f C h a n ce .

    I t is w o rth y o f n o t e in th i s c on n ec t i o n th a t o f n a m e s s h a r e d e x c l u s i v e l y
    b y Sa mo a a n d o n e T o n g a n gr o u p Ton ga ta b u a n d S a m oa h a v e 2 7 Ha a p a i
    , ,

    a n d S a m oa 7 ,
    V a v a u a n d S a m oa 7 I n o th e r w o rd s o f the 7 1 n a m e s
    .
    ,

    c om m on to S a m oa a n d To n ga tab u 2 7 a r e S h a r e d by S a m oa a n d Ton ga ta b u
    ,

    to the ex c l u s i o n O f o th e r T o n g a n gr ou p s T h i s is v e ry li k el y co rrel a t e d
    .

    w i th the d i r ec t i n f us i on o f S a m o a n bl o o d i n t o the p o p u l a t i on o f Ton ga ta b u


    26 B er nice P . B is hop M us eu m
    F — B u lle tin
    Gi ffor d —
    Ton ga n P la ce Na mes 27

    co n v en i en ce in tt en d i n g fr e q uen t c h u rc h s e rv i c e s a n d th e c opr a t r a d e a r e
    a ,

    pro ba bl y the c h i e f f a c t o r s res p on s ibl e fo r the gr ow th o f the v ill a ges an d


    fo r the d ege n e r a tio n O f a gr i cu l t u r e T o d a y the T on g a n r es i d es in a v ill a g e
    .

    from w h i c h he m a k es the n eces s a ry e x c u r s i on s to his fa rm A n c i en t l y he t e .

    s i d e d o n the f a r m ( a pi ) a n d th e r e w e r e n o v ill a g es Nee d l es s to sa y the


    .
    ,

    e x t en t o f c u l t i v a t e d l a n d is m uc h d i m i n i s h e d .

    TOO m u c h f a i th s h ou l d n ot b e p l a c e d in the m ea n i n g s O f p l a c e n a m e s
    l i s t ed The a v e ra g e T on ga n a pp ea r s to g i v e n o m o r e th ou ght to the m ea n
    .

    in g o f his p l a c e n a m e s th a n w e d o I f a s k e d w h a t a n a m e m ea n s i t is
    .
    ,

    a n e v en c h a n c e h e w ill n o t k n ow The m ea n i n g s o f a l m o s t a ll p l a c e n a m e s
    .

    in th i s p a p e r w e r e w o rk e d o u t b y T o n g a n sc h o l a r s Eu r o p ea n a n d n a t i v e
    ,
    .

    T h es e m ea n i n g s h a v e a l l b een s t u d i e d b y the a u th o r a n d mo d i fi e d w h e r e
    i t s ee m e d n ec es s a ry Ne v e rth el ess s o m e m ea n i n gs a r e u n d o ub t ed l y f o rc e d
    .
    , ,

    a n d w h a t i s m o r e i t s o m e t i m e s h a pp en s th a t a n a m e i s O p en to m o r e th a n
    , ,

    on e i n t e rpr e t a t i on .

    Ev en w i th th ese s h o rt c o m i g s in m i n d i t is a pp a r en t th a t the m ea n i n g s
    —
    n

    o f n a m es f a ll r ou gh l y i n t o tw o gr ea t c l a s s es d esc r i pt i v e a n d co mmemo
    ,

    ra tiv e The f o r m e r r e fe r to s ome f e a t u r e O f the l oc a li t y the l a tt e r to s o m e


    .
    ,

    e v en t u s ua ll y t r i v i a l e n o u gh
    , T h e r e a r e a l so n a m es o f f o r ei gn p l ac es
    .
    .

    Un d ou b t e d l y w h en co m p a r i s on w i th o th e r r e g io n s is m a d e th e s e w il l
    i n c r ea s e m a n y fo l d App a ren t l y s om e n a m es e xp res s in sa rc a s m o r
    .

    i ron y the i n j u re d f eel i n gs o f the t en a n t O f the tr a c t fo r i t m u s t b e r e ,

    m e m b e r e d th a t l a n d is n o t ow n e d b y the r a n k a d fi l e o f the p o p u l a t i onn .

    I t is l ea s e d fr o m the go v e r n m en t a n d fr om the n o bil i t


    y th e r e b e i n g in a l l
    ,

    s o m e th i rt y s u c h l a n d l o rd s The r en t a l s p a i d t o d a y in c o i n r e p l a c e th e
    .

    a n c i e n t t r ib u t e O f p ro d uc e p a i d to the l o rd s O f the l a n d .

    The n a m e o f the l a n d l o r d ha s b een r e c o rd e d fo r e v e ry t ra c t ; the


    a b s en ce o f a p e r so n a l n a m e s i g n i fi es th a t the g o v e r n m e n t is the l a n d l o rd .

    S O fa r a s T o n g a a l o n e is c o n c e r n ed the n a m e s o f the l a n d l o rd s a pp ea r
    ,

    o f S li ght s i gn i fi c a n c e in so l v i n g the pr o bl e m o f T o n g a n o r i g i n s H e re a n d .

    th e re a p l a c e n a m e a pp ea r s d efi i t el y a s soc i a t ed w i th a l a n d l o rd a s the
    n
    ,

    p l a ce n a m e Ha a ta la fa le w i th the l a n d l o rd Tu i Pelehak e I b e l i e v e how .


    ,

    eve r , th a t the r ec o rd i n g O f the l a n d l o rd n a m es w il l pr o v e e x c eed i n g l y


    v a l u a bl e w h en c om p a r i son s a re m a de w i th o th e r p a rt s o f O cea n i a .

    I n the g a z ett ee r the s e v e r a l occ u rr en c es o f a s i n g l e n a m e a r e l i s t e d


    fr o m the T on ga ta b u grou p in the sou th to Ni u a f oou in the n o rth Ro u gh l y .

    the o r d e r O f l i s t i n g the oc c u rr en c es on s e v e r a l i s l a n d s in a gr ou p o r n ea r ,

    s e v e r a l v ill a g es on a n i s l a n d i s fr o m s o u th to n o rth a n d fr om w e s t to ea s t
    , .

    The r ea so n fo r se l ec t i n g the s o u th e r n o r Ton ga ta b u gr ou p a s th e s t a rt


    in g p o i n t i s the f a c t th a t i t s eem s a l w ay s to h a v e b ee n the p ol i t i ca l a n d
    c u l t u r a l c en t e r o f the T on g a n k i n gdo m Th e n a m es o f the fi v e gr ou p s o f
    .
    28 B ern ic e P . B is hop M us eu m— B ulle tin
    the T on ga n a rc h i p e l a go a r e r epres en t e d th ro u gh ou t the g a z ett eer b y the
    fo llo w i n g a bb re v i a t i o n s in p a re n th e ses : ( T ) Ton ga tab u ; ( H ) Ha a pa i ;
    ( V ) V a v a u ; ( NT ) Ni u a t o p u t a p u ; ( NF ) Ni ua foou .

    The To n ga n T on g a n bi rd s h a v e b een d e r i v ed
    an d sc en i t ific n a mes Of

    from tw o p a p e r s o n e b y F in sc h a n d Ha rt l a u b 20 the o th e r b y Graffe 2 , ,


    ’
    .
    1

    I H B u r k il l s Fl o r a O f V a v a u 22 g i v e s the T o n g a n a s w e ll a s the sc i en t i fi c
    ’
    . .

    n a me s O f a d o z en V a v a u p l a n t s To a s li ght d e gr e e the s c i en t i fi c n a m es .

    o f S a m o a n p l a n t s a n d a n i m a l s w e r e u t iliz e d for th e i r a pp a r en t T o n g a n

    eq u i v a l e n t s w h e r e the n a t i v e n a m es in the tw o a r c h i p e l a g o es w e r e s i m i l a r .

    S u c h a pr oc ee d i n g h o w ev e r i s u n soun d a n d ha s n ot b een c a rr i e d fa r b y
    , ,

    the a u th o r The few n a m es u t il i z e d w e r e d e r i v e d fr om P r a tt 23 a n d fr om


    .

    K r a m e r “ The l oca t i on O f v ill a g es on the i s l a n d o f T o n ga ta b u a n d o n


    .

    the i s l a n d s O f the V a v a u gr o u p is s h o w n on the m a p s ( fig 1 a n d fig . .

    NO c h a rt s w e r e a v a il a bl e fo r s h o w i n g the p o s i t i on o f the v ill a ge s on


    the i s l a n d O f Ni ua f oo u n a m e l y : Mu a T o n g a m a m a o S a p a a t a M a t a a h o , , , , ,

    F a t a u l ua A n g a b a Ah a u a n d Pet a n i ; n or fo r th os e on the i s l a n d O f Ni u a
    , , ,

    top u ta p u n a m el y : V a i p oa H i h i f o Ma t a v a i a n d F a l e h a u
    , , , ,
    .

    F o r the l o ca t i on o f i s l a n d s r e e f s c h a n n el s h ill s a n d o th e r g eo gr a ph i c , , , ,

    fea t u r es w i th i n the To n ga n Arc h i p el a go s t a n d a rd a t l a ses B r i t i s h Ad mir , ,

    a l t y c h a rt s a n d the f o ll o w i n g C h a rt s i s s u e d b y the Hydr o gr a ph i c O fli c e o f


    ,

    the Un i t e d S t a t e s Na v y m a y b e c o n s u l t ed :

    No Pa c i fi c O cea n , s c a e in = 1 o f on gi u d e l
    S ho s the e n i e k i n g d o m l t w tr
    °
    . 1 5 00 , . .

    of T g l r
    f o m Ata ( Py l staa r t) i s a n d in the so u h to Ni u a fo o u in the n o h t rt
    j l
    on a,
    =
    .

    NO . 202 1 , l l
    Fi i I s a n d s to Sa moa I s a n d s , s ca e 2 i n 1
    °
    of o n gi u d e S ho s . l t . w
    th e en tir T e x t t r t l
    k i n gd om o f on g a e cep th e s o u h e n mos i s a n d Ata ( Pyl s ta a rt ) ,
    .

    No . 2 6 T g
    01 Fr i d l y I l d
    , l i =
    on ti l a, or en s an s , s ca e n . 1 nau ca mi l e . w S ho s the e n
    l i gd m f T g x p t th rt h r i l d Ni f Ni t p t and
    tia fa l1 I
    re < n o o on a, e ce e no e n s an s : ua o o u , ua o u a pu ,

    =1
    .

    NO . 20 1 3 . To n ga ta b u , sc a e 2 l in . nau ti l
    ca mi l e . S ho w s the n o rt h r e n ha f l of T g on a
    t b
    a u and the n o rth r i l e n s and s o f th e Ton ga ta b u g rou p in c l ud i n g Eu e ik i . Eu a and

    Kl a au i sla n d s a r e n o t s ho w n .

    No 20 1 0, rg d N m k H rb r
    Nu k u a l 4 i = t i l mi l ;
    l o fa A n c ho a e an o u a a o s ca e n 1 na u ca e

    I l d 1 i = i =
    . , .

    E ua ti l mil ; F l
    s an I l d 1 , ti l m il D
    n . 1 n au ca e a co n s an , n . 1 n au ca e . e

    t i l i T g t b h rb r d f N m k ( i H p i ) d ig hb r i g i l d
    a s o on a a u a o an o o u a n aa a an ne o n s an s a re

    l h w Th vi ll g f K l m il
    a so s o En i l d i d ig t d H t
    e a e o o o a e on ua s an s es n a e as a a ua .

    i =1
    .

    N 6 N m k gr ti l m i l S h w th th r m t p
    dj
    o . 200 p . a u a ou . s c a ue 1 n . nau ca e . o s e sou e n os or
    tion f th m d r p r vi
    o f H p i; m ly N m k
    e d o t i l ds
    e n o n ce o aa a na e o u a an a a ce n s an

    l 1 i =
    , .

    N o 8 I l p i gr p
    . 200 t h r p rt i
    , aa t i l mi l S h w th
    a ou , s ou e n o on , sc a e n . 1 nau ca e . o s e

    F in s c h O , . an d Ha rtl b au G . : Zu r O r it h l gi
    n o o e d er T g on a - I n se n , l J r
    ou n . fu r
    r i th
    ,

    O n pp.
    , . 1 1 9 - 1 40, 1 870 .

    "
    G r afl e , Ed w rda . O r i t h l gi
    n o o s c he M itthe il u n gen a us C en t a rl Po ly n es e n , i I D ie
    lw lt d T g l J r r it h
    .

    V o ge e er on a - In s e n , ou n fii r O n pp 40 1 420
    -
    1 870
    J r Li S
    . .
    , .
    , .

    22
    ou n . nn . oc . Lon d o n , v ol
    3 5 , p p 20 6 5 1 90 1
    . .
    , .

    P tt G r m m ry
    ”
    D i c ti o n a La n g u a g e
    ’

    ra and o f the S a m oa n ed
    s a ar
    4 th Lo n
    M I SS Ion a ry S oc ie ty Ma l u a S a mo a
    . .
    ,
    d on , , , 19 1 1 .

    2‘
    Kram r e ,
    A ugu s ti n, D ie S a mo a I n s e l n, S t tt g rt
    u a , 1 902, 1 903 .
    30 B ern ice P . B is hop M us e u m — B u lle tin
    GA E Z TT EER OF T O NGA
    Aa . T o fo d r . Is l d (V)
    an . Tr t r V k t m i vill g
    ac n ea a a au a ,
    a e on K ap a i l
    s and (V ) .

    Aa li Tra . n s p ar e n t vi ibl, s e in th w ter Tr c t o O fu i l


    e a . a n s and (V ) —
    T ui L a k e p a ,
    l d l rd
    an o .

    A fa . A hu rri c ane . V ill ge a on T on ga ta b u il s and T) ( .

    Afa iv a . An e n c os u el r f or a m u s e m en s t [a , en c os u l r e ; t lv a a, a mu s e m e n t ] Tr c t
    . a
    i n Nu k ua l o fa , vill ge a on T on ga ta b u i l s and (T) S it .f e o th e Nu k ua l f Cl b
    o a u .

    Na m e d by th e R ev . S . W . B ak e r .

    Afa l a . A m a t fen c e [ a , fe n c e ; fa a , m a t] l . Tr c t a n ea r Lapaha , v ill g a e on T g on a


    t b il
    a u s a n d ( T ) — Pa n a, an d o d gi l l r .

    Afa m o a n a
    '

    . A11 o c ea n s o t rm [ a fa , s o t rm ; mo a na , oc ea n ] . Tr c t a on Nomuk a i s
    l and( ) H .

    Afe a fe m ua T o w r p c il ar . d th e b od y f r m e rly [ f f a to w r p o
    or c il o ou n o a ea e, a r o

    a ro d th e b d y ; m
    un f m l y ] Tr c t Ni f i l a d ( NF )
    o a u, or er . a on u a oou s n .

    Af i h
    e T t r
    au i d i a rrivi g [ f to t r
    . o u n id ; i i ; h
    as e t a rr i v ]
    n n a e, u n as e , n a u, o e .

    Tr t r M t m k vill g
    ac n ea N p p i la ad (V) a a, a e on ua a u s an .

    Af k
    e T t r
    a e s o. i d f to flirt [ f t t r o u n id e ; k f ;
    as t e fli t ] or a e, o u n as ae, or s o, o r .

    Tr c t r F t m vill g
    a n ea T g t b i l d ( T ) Tr t
    a u u, r T k a e on on a a u s an . ac nea uanu u,

    vill g V v i l d ( V ) Ul k l l l d l rd
    a e on a au s an —
    u a a a, an o .

    Af e n oa . T t r id t r d m [ f t t r
    o u n id e ; as r d m ] Tr c t on
    e a an o a e, o u n as noa , an o . a

    H g i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    un a s an r V ip vill g Ni . t op t p i l d so ac n ea a oa , a e on ua u a u s an

    ( NT ) M i l d l r d A l tr t o Ni fo i l d ( NF ) F i t a l d
    -
    a a n, an o . so ac n ua ou s an —
    us u , an

    l ord .

    Af ik lt h l A p r ot ec t d e
    au l r f fig tr e [
    . cl r ; fi k i fig tr e ; t h i
    e n c os u e o e s a, en os u e , e au ,

    t pr t
    o t ] Tr t a r M t i k ill g
    o ec . V v i l d (V)ac ne a a a, v a e on a au s an .

    Afl m t
    ne A l r f m id
    a a .
    [ n l r ; fi
    e n c os u e w m ; m t w or a en s a, en c o s u e n e, o en a a, ra ,

    g re ri p ] Tr t e r N i f vill g
    en , u n e V v i l d (V)
    . ac n a e a u, a e on a au s an .

    Ant S v u . f [ ef c ; fiten v ] Tr t a r T a ill ge n V v


    en ces a, en e u, s e en . ac ne ao , v a o a au

    i l d ( V ) A l tr c t n r M k v vill g
    s an . Va v i l d T t A fi t l d
    so a ea a a e a e on au s an —
    u u, an

    l ord .

    Af o. A fi h li I l d (V )
    s ne . s an .

    Af o n ua . A vill g cl r [ l re ; f a v i ll ge ] Tr t
    e en r H k m
    os u e a , e n c os u o n ua , a . ac n ea aa a e,

    vill g T a g t b e oni l d ( T) on a a u s an .

    Af t
    o e a u. O h dr d p l of i t rd [ f
    ne un m ll r p ; t
    e o s h oo s s nn e co a o, a s a o e e a u, ne un

    dr d] Gr e p f m . d i M l p vill g
    ou T o g t bu i l d (T)
    ou n N m s n a a o, a e on on a a s an . a e

    d ri v d fr me em d wh i h t o d th h on e f F i p l h l f br t h r f
    ou n on c s oo e ou s e o as a u e, a o e o

    T i T ug T it t i Thi h e i on a. id t h v h d
    u a u h dr d
    .
    p l of s ou s s sa o a e a on e un e S oo s

    i t
    s nne d i it o tr ti
    us e n s c ns uc on .

    Af g l Th p r y ri i g fr m w v d hi g th r k [ t th p r y
    w h br k i g p th r k ; g l w v ] R f ( H )
    un a u . e s p a s n o a es as n u on e oc s a u. e s a

    o m i t f th
    r s o e s ea en ea n u on e oc s n a u, a es . ee .

    Ah m t l
    a C m t ry i
    a a o. P g i vill g e L if k i l d (H)
    e e n an a , a e on u a s an .

    Ah an
    g A f rd a h ll w
    . tr it b tw e tw i l d F r d b tw
    o or s a Uol o s a e en o s an s . o e e en ev a

    an d L if k i l d ( H ) Al f r d b t w
    u a s an Lif k d F s i l d (H) d . so o e een u a an oa s an s an

    f r d b tw
    o P g i m tu
    e d V v ee n i l d (V) an a o an a au s an s .

    Ah Th
    a u. l r f th r i g i g h i f [
    e e n c os u e l re ; h r i g i g h i e f]
    o e e n n c e a, en c o s u a u, e n n c .

    Tr t r Oh
    ac vill g
    n ea Eu i l d ( T ) Al vill g on ua , T g t bu a e on a s an . so a e on on a a

    i l d d tr c t
    s an r vill g
    an T g ta b i l d
    a s r Ah nea H m a es on on a u s an : nea au , ou a

    V l d l rd N k l f F l h V i i M f l d l rd T t k m t g
    a ea , an o , u ua o a , o a a, a n —
    a a u, an o , a a a o on a
    —
    T gi l d l rd T l f un ,
    L ki l d l r d L l t l i A f a d Ni t
    an o , a a oou— a ua , an o ,
    o o e e, a, n u ou a .

    Tr t N m k
    ac i l d ( H ) l i l t d f r m r vill ge
    on o u a N m k
    s an i l d , a so n e an o e a on o u a s an .

    Tr t i Hi h i f vill g
    ac n Lif k i l d ( H ) Tr t d d i tri t
    o, ar P g ie on u a s an . ac an s c n ea an a ,

    v ill g e n L i f k i l d Tr t
    a o r P a g i vill g
    u a P g im t
    s an i l d (V) . ac n ea n a , a e on an a o u s an .

    Tr t Of i l
    ac d (V )
    on T i L k p l d l r d Tr t
    u s an r T vill g e —
    u a e a ,
    an o . ac nea ao a , a on

    V v i l d ( V ) Tr t
    a au r Ut i vill g o V v i l d ( V ) Ah m l an d
    s an . ac nea u ,
    a e n a au s an —
    o ee ,
    GWor d —
    Ton ga n P l a c e Na m es 31

    l r d Tr t
    o . r H k i vill g ac V v i l d Tr t e r H l g vill g
    n ea aa o, a e on a au s an . ac n a o on a, a e

    on V v i l d ( V ) Tr t
    a au r V i p v ill g
    s an Ni
    . t p t p i l d ( NT )
    ac n ea a oa , a e on ua o u a u s an

    M t
    —
    l d l rd Tr t
    aa u, T f hi i l
    an o d ( NT ) . Vill g o N i f
    ac on i l d a a s an . a e n ua oou s an

    ( NF ) Tr t . r M v ill g ac Ni f n ea i l d ( NF ) ua , a e on ua oou s an .

    Ah a ua n o . M r hy l r f th a s i g i g ch i f [
    en c o s u e cl r ; h o ig i g e re n n e a, en os u e a u, re n n

    c h i f; e m r h] Tr t
    a n o, r Ul b vill ga s . Ui h i l d (H) M l p
    ac n ea a, a e on a s an —
    a u o,

    l d l rd Tr t
    an o r H . vill g ac H n ea i l d ( H ) Tu i H g aa n o , a e on a a no s an —
    a an an a,

    l d l rd Tr c t
    an o r F v ill ge
    . a V v i l d ( V)
    n ea ue, a on a au s an .

    Ah au al hi L r ge l r of th r i g i g h i f [
    . a en c o s u e cl r ; h r ig i g e e n n c e a, en os u e a u, e n n

    c h i f; l hi l rg ]
    e Tr t
    a r T g m m a v ill g o Ni f
    , a e . ac i l d ( NF )
    n ea on a a o, a e n u a o ou s an .

    Tr t ac r M t h v ill g n ea Ni f u i la aa d ( NF )
    o, a e on u a oo s an .

    Ah e a. H dg f h e tr [ h d ge
    e o f ; h
    ea tr ( p r b bl y P ri ri m
    ee s a, e or en c e ea, a ee o a a na u

    Tr t r M v ill g Ni fac i l d ( NF )
    n ea ua , a e on u a o ou s an .

    A h il F
    a . l ki g k en ce p rh poo w t hf l f
    n as [ f
    an ce ; h il t l k
    or , e a s, a c u en c e a , en c e a, o oo

    as k ]
    ance Tr t r Uih v ill g
    . ac Uih i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd
    n ea a, a e on a s an —
    a u o, an o .

    Tra t c Ni f i l d
    on u a oou s an .

    A hi v a o. A gr ov f d lw d tr [ hi
    e o d lw d;
    s an a gr v w d b h]
    oo ee s a , san a oo v a o, o e, oo , us .

    Tr t ac r H l g v ill g n ea V v i l do on a, a e on a au s an .

    Ah oa . T m t om p i [ t m t ; h
    o ee a c c mp i ] Tr t
    a n on r Oh a, o ee oa , a o an on . ac n ea on u a ,

    vill g a E i l d ( T ) Tr t
    e on ua r H t i h vill g
    s an T g t b. i l d ac n ea aa e o, a e on on a a u s an

    T i Hu t i h l d l rd Tr t
    aa e r N i f vill g
    o, an o V v i l d (V)
    . ac n ea e a u, a e on a au s an .

    Ah h k B ri g h t d h i i g r il fi h [ h h b ri gh t hi i g ( th
    il ( R ll p t r li ) l th
    oa ov e a. an s n n a or s a oa o, ,
    s n n as e

    m oon i l i gh t ) ; k th
    n a c ear n ve me f a, e ra a us ec o a s a so e na o a

    fi h] s Tr t . r F i vill g e ac T
    n ea g t b i l d ( T ) V h i l a d l rd
    ou ,
    a on on a a u s an —
    a a ,
    n o .

    Tr t ac rT v ill g
    n ea V v i l d ( V ) V h i l d l rd
    a a n ea , a e on a au s an —
    a a ,
    an o .

    Ah oa un g D y f gr i g t m t t
    a . a o p i fi d ti m
    a ee n d pl e [ h od y; ee a a s ec e e an ac a o, a

    a nn g t gr t m t t
    a, o a p i fi d ti m
    ee od pl ]ee Tr t r F h f
    a a s ec e e an ace . ac n ea a e a,

    vill g a T g t b
    e on i l d ( T ) V h l l d l r d Tr t
    on a a u s an r P k v ill g —
    ee a a, an o . ac n ea u e, a e

    on T ga t b on i l d F h l d l rd a u s an —
    o e, an o .

    Ah oe v a D y of w l k i g
    . ab t [ h d y; a to w l kn b t ] Tr t
    a ou r F a o, a eva , a a ou . ac n ea a

    t l
    au ua , vill g o Ni f i l d ( NF ) a e n u a oou s an .

    Ah f k
    o a i D y a s u. f p r p ri g t fi h [ h
    a o d y; f k i e t apr p r n to fi h ] o s a o, a a a s u, o e a e s .

    Tr t ac r L p h v ill g n ea T g t ba i l d T h it e f th T i T g
    a a, a e on on a a u s an . e s o e u on
    ’
    a s

    h ous e Tr t . r Hi h i f v ill g o L i f k i l d ( H ) Tr t i M t i k
    ac n ea o, a e n u a s an . ac n a a a,

    vill g a V v i l d (V)
    e on a au s an .

    Ah fo an if D y f o r f b t h i g [ h d y ; f if
    . a o su r f b t h i g ] Tr t
    a n r a o, a an o, su a n . ac n ea

    H v k t l v ill g
    aa a a o o,T g t b i l d Ah m l d l rd
    a e on on a a u s an —
    o e e, an o .

    Ah f t
    o a u Day f p l iti g [ h
    . d y; f t o t p l it ]
    a Tr t
    n r M f g vill g e
    a o, a a u, o a . ac n ea au a n a, a

    on To g t b il d F k f
    n a a l d l rd
    u s an —
    a a a n ua , an o .

    Ah h i
    o D yva f . g [ h d y ; hi
    a o g ] Tr t
    s on r K l g vill g o
    a o, a va, s on . ac n ea o on a, a e n

    T on g t b i l d (T) N k l dl d
    a a u s an —
    u u, an or .

    A h ik
    o D y a. f t hi g a b d o f fi h [ h
    ca c d y ; ik
    n fi h]
    an Tr a t
    a unr an c e o s a o, a a, s . c n ea

    H ol p k v ill g
    o e Lif k
    a, i l d T i A fi tu l d l rd Tr t
    a e on u r F l l
    a s an —
    u , an o . ac n ea a e oa ,

    v ill g i l d ( H ) T it l d l rd '

    a F e on oa s an —
    u a, an o .

    Ah k i D y
    o a f. ti g [ h d y ; k i t t] Tr c t
    a o ea n r Uih vill g
    a o, aUih a , o ea . a n ea a, a e on a

    i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd
    .

    s an —
    a u o, an o .

    A h k iik
    o a D y f ti g fi h [ h d y ; k i t
    a. a o eat ; ik n fi h] Tr c t i K
    s a o, a a , o ea a, s . a n an o

    k p lu vill g
    o u, T g t b i l d ( T ) Tr t E i k i i l d ( T ) Tr t
    a e on on a a u s an . ac on ue s an . ac on

    M ou n
    g i l d ( H ) Tr t
    a on e r P g i vill g
    s an P .
    g im t i l d (V )
    ac n ea an a , a e on an a o u s an .

    Tra c t r M k v vill gn ea V v i l d ( V ) T i Afi t l d l rd
    a a e, a e on a au s an —
    u u, an o .

    A h k im
    o a D y f e ti g h i k
    oa .
    [ ha d y; k i t
    o a t; mn ch i ck
    c ] Tr c t
    c en a o, a a , o ea oa , en . a

    n ea r L i m t vill g e V v ( V ) F t l d l rd
    a ua , a e on a au —
    o u, an o .

    Ah k t
    o D y
    a a f l . gh i g [ h d y ; k t t l g h ] Tr c t
    a o au n r K l g vil
    a o, a a a, o au . a n ea o on a,

    l g
    a e on T g t b i l d ( T ) N k l d l ord A l tr t
    on a a u s an r P g i vill g e -
    u u, an . so ac n ea an a , a
    32 B er n ice P . B is hop M us eu m —
    B u lleti n
    on L fuk a i
    i l d ( H ) A l tr c t a r P g i vill g e o P g im tu i l d
    s an . so a ne an a , a n an a o s an

    (V) A l o tr t
    . r L i m t vill g o V v a i l d ( V ) F t l d l or d
    s ac n ea e a ua , a e n a u s an —
    o u, an .

    Al tr c t
    so r F t l vill g
    a Ni foo i l d ( NF )
    n ea Al
    a a u ua , tr t r a e on ua u s an . so ac n ea

    M a vill g e
    u , Ni foou i l d ( NF ) a on ua s an .

    Ah k o avaD y f k v .
    [ h d y; k a b v r g a l th p l t P i p r m th y
    o a a a o, a a va , a e e a e, so e an ,
    e e

    sti m fr m w h i h th b v r g i m d ]
    cu , o Tr c t o H f c i l d (H)
    e e e a e s a e . a n a a ev a s an
    T uuh t k l d l rd
    e o a, an o .

    Ah l f
    o a o D y f . ti g th t [ h
    a d y; l f
    o t
    ca s t th t]
    n Tr t H e ne a o, a a o, o cas e ne . ac on aa
    f a i l
    ev d (H) s an T h t k l d l rd —
    uu e o a, an o .

    Ah lo ea D y of p . ki g [ h a d y; l t pe k]
    s Tr c t
    ea r Ng k vill g e
    n a o, a ea , o s a . a n ea aa a u, a

    on V v i l d (V) F k f
    a au l d l rd
    s an —
    a a anua , an o .

    A h l ik
    o D y f fi h i g wit h th
    o . a li k t [ h
    o d y ; Iik s ki d
    n f fi hi g e t] e o ne a o, a o, a n o s n n .

    Tr t ac N m k i l on d (H) o u a s an .

    Ah m h
    o D y
    a f ub d c [ h d y; m h
    . a o b d c ] Tr c t
    a un r Ot
    an e a o, a a u, a un an e . a n ea ea .

    vill g a K p i l d (V)
    e on a a s an .

    Ah m l
    o D y
    a ae. f th gr [ h d y; m l
    a gr
    o pl f e m bly ] Tr t
    e en a o, a a a e, e en , a ce o a sse . ac

    ne r H la g vill g o onV v i l d (V) a, a e on a au s an .

    Ah m l
    o g a an D y f pr hi g [ h a. d y; m l a g t pr o h] Tr t ea c rT t n a o, a a an a, o ea c . ac n ea a a

    k m ta g vill g
    o on T g t b a, i l d ( T ) T g i l d l rd
    a e on on a a u s an —
    un , an o .

    A h m t k im
    o a a D y f l k i g t w r d th
    oa n a .
    [ h d y; m t
    a o t be e oo n o a s e o c ea n a o, a a a, o s en

    k i t w rd ; m
    , o a ] g r t fi h i g d y w h p p l fr m m y p l a c
    s o a n a , oc ea n , a ea s n a en eo e o an es

    asse m bl d t w t h th fi h r e C m t ry o Lif ka c i l d ( H) e s e s . e e e on u a s an .

    Ah m t
    o g a D y an f p li g a.x ri ti g [ h d y ; m t g to b p l d o
    a o ee n or e co a n a o, a a an a, e ee e r

    ex c ri t d ] Tr t
    o a e r F m t vill g . T g ta b
    ac i l d ( T ) T gi
    n ea ua a o u, a e on on a u s an —
    un ,

    l d l rd A l o t t
    an o M .
    g i l d ( H)
    s ra c on ou n a on e s an .

    Ah m t
    o ak D y a va f vi w i g v a. l [ h d y; m t t b
    a o ; v k e v n es s e s a o, a a a, o e s een a a, es

    se l] Tr t i N k l f v ill g
    . ac T g t b
    n i l d (T) u ua o a , a e on on a a u s an .

    Ah m h
    o D y
    o f l e pi g [ h
    . d y; m h
    a ot l p ] Tr c t
    s ee r K l g vil
    n a o, a o e, o s ee . a nea o on a,

    l ge
    a T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) N k l d l rd
    on a a u s an —
    u u, an o .

    Ah m li D y
    o o f m vi g [ h
    . d y ; m li t m v ]
    a o Tr t e r F t vill g
    o n a o, a o , o o e . ac n a o ua, a e

    on F i l d ( H ) A l o tr c t
    oa s an r F l el o vill g e o F o ( H ) Al o t c t
    . s a n ea a a, a n a . s ra

    i n N i f vill g
    e a u, V v i l d ( V) a e on a au s an .

    Ah po i D y of
    an .i ti g th h d [ h d y ; p i t
    a a no n i t th h e d ] Tra c t
    n e ea a o, a an , o a no n e a .

    o nNi a f o i l d ( N F )
    u o u s an .

    Ah po il l
    an D y of a oi ti g th e h
    o o. d wit h
    a il [ h d y; p i t a oi t th e
    n n n ea o a o, a an , o n n

    d; I l Tr t i N k l f i l l g i l d (T) Tr t
    i

    h ea oi l ] o o, T.
    g t b ac n u ua o a , v a e on on a a u s an . ac

    n ea r T fi i vill g e V v i l d ( V ) L i l d l rd
    s , a e on a au s an —
    uan , an o .

    Ah os i E l r f h r
    . n c os u [ l r ; h i h r ] Tr t i N k l of
    e or o ses d a , e n c os u e os , o se . ac n u ua a an

    P v ill g o T o g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr t i N i f vill g e
    ea , a es n n a a V v au u s an . so ac n e a u, a on a

    i l d (V)
    s an .

    Ah t l k l
    o a a D y f t lli g
    o oa f w lt h [ h d y ; t l t t ll ; k l w lt h ]
    . a o e n o ea a o, a a a, o e o oa , ea .

    Tr c t a r L p h v ill g
    n ea T g t b i l d ( T ) P g i l d l rd
    a a a, a e on on a a u s an —
    an a, an o .

    Ah t l
    o a a n oa . D y f v r i g [ h d y; t l a o t v er ] Tr t n r
    c on e s n a o, a a a n oa . o c on se . ac ea

    F g hi
    a n on v ill g a T g t b na , i l d ( T) L ik e l a d l rd
    e on on a a u s an —
    as , an o .

    Ah to au h i D y f r o hi g H i [ h
    . a d y; t o t r h ; H i v ill g i T
    ea c n o a o, a a u, o ea c o , a a e n on

    g t b ]
    a a Tr t u r L p h vill g
    . ac T g t b i l d ( T ) P gi l d
    n ea a a a, a e on on a a u s an —
    an a, an

    l rd A l tr t
    o . r T l i vill g so T
    ac g t b i l d (T) T i L k p
    n ea a a s u, a e on on a a u s an —
    u a e a,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    Ah t f
    o e a D y f . r e i g [ h d y ; t f c r i g m a er ] Tr c t
    a o ca ss n r P a o, a e a, a es s n nn . a n ea an

    ga i vill g, P g im t a i l d ( V)
    e on an a o u s an .

    Ah t m
    o e D y f b
    e tli g [ h d y ; t m bbrevi ti
    . a o us f t t m to b
    n tl e] a o, a e e, a a on o a e e, us .

    Tr t ac r Oh o a vill a g o E a i l an d ( T )
    n ea nu , e n u s .
    34 B e r n ic e P . B is hop M us e u m — B u lle tin
    A k a va . E nc l os u e r of ka va sh u r b s [a , en c os u e ;l r k a v a , th e sh r b u i r meth y
    , P pe
    s ti c u m ] Tr c t
    . a on H a a fev a i l s and ( H ) — T u u h e to k a , l and o l rd . Al tr t r
    so ac n ea

    V im a a o, l v ill g a e on Va v au i l s and ( V) .

    A k ih e k a i . To b e a w
    w k ; k ih to th ; k i food ]
    ak e for th e foo d [a ,
    to b e a a e e, e a ,
    .

    Tr t ac r F k k k i vill g
    n ea H i l d ( H)
    a a a a , a e on a ano s an .

    Ak o T . t h Tr t o ea c r U i h v ill g . Uih i l d ( H ) M l p
    ac n ea l an d l rd a, a e on a s an —
    a u o, o .

    Ak mi E
    u l r f bl k t p [
    . nc os u e clo r ; k mi bl c k t p ] Tr t
    o ac r a a a, en su e u , a a a . ac n ea

    Uih vill g o Uih i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd


    a, a e n a s an —
    a u o, an o .

    Al fia S it bl
    a. Tr t o T of i l d ( H )
    u a e . ac n us s an .

    Al t l
    a a a. S it bl t pru d t [ la it bl ; f l t p re d o t] Tr t
    e o s ea r ou a a, su a e o a, o s a u . ac n ea

    T k
    ua n u vill g V v i l d ( V ) Ul k l l l d l r d
    u, a e on a au s an -
    u a a a, an o .

    Al f l
    a o a u. B t h d Tr t oa r Ut i vill g s e V v i l d ( V ) Ah mee
    . ac n ea u ,
    a e on a au s an —
    o ,

    l d l r d Tr t
    an o r H k i vill g
    . V v i l d (V)
    ac n ea aa o, a e on a au s an .

    Al f l
    a o o. S it bl e to w ll w [ l u a it bl e ; f l t w ll o w ] Tr c t e r Uih
    s a o a a, su a o o, o s a . a n a a,

    vill g a Ui h i l
    e on d (H) M l p l d l or d a s an —
    a u o, an .

    Al h i L r g e
    a . l r [ e l ur ; l h i l r g ] Tr t
    a en c o s u e r T o l vill g e a, n c os e a , a e . ac n ea u a, a on

    V v i l d ( V)
    a au s an .

    A l i m it
    a u T it c r l
    oa ly t M it [ l i t i t r l ly d i i m p r p e r
    . o s a e es s a u oa a a , o s ca e es s an n o

    pl ; m it
    a c es pl m wh i h
    u ]
    oa , a B ch L if k i l d ( H ) Tr c t
    ace n a e, c s ee . ea on u a s an . a

    n ear L i m t vill g e V v i l d ( V ) F t l d l rd
    a ua , a e on a au s an —
    o u, an o .

    Al i a va k t h T a ait r l ly i a. b t [ l i t it r l ly ; k b t ;
    o s ca e ess n on e oa a a , o s ca e ess va a, oa

    t h
    a ]
    a , on eTr c t r K k p l vill g
    . T a g t b i l d (T)
    n ea an o u o u, a e on on a a u s an .

    Al k i T o
    a . g l w it h m ll h k f [ l t
    an e g l w it h m ll h k ; k i f ]
    s a oo s or a a, o an e s a oo s , or .

    Al k i i a id t b s bbr vi ti
    sa f th m Al k if
    o ;
    e t l
    an t ah i e a on o e na e a on u a a eas s uc s

    th e e f
    cas th v ill g f A l k i
    so T
    ar g t b il d i
    as r d
    e a e o a on on a a u s an s conce ne .

    F on u am l d; h th
    ea n sf ll m w ld man t g l wit h m ll
    en c e e u na e ou ea n o an e s a

    h koo f l d P rh p th
    s or m r f r t th m yt hi l fi h i g f th M i
    an .
    ”
    e a s e na e e e s o e ca s n o e au ,

    w h r by Te g t b
    e i l d w h l d t th on a a rf I l d ( T)
    u Al
    s an v ill g as au e o e su a ce . s an . so a e

    on T g t b on i l d ( T ) Al tr t
    a a u r V i i vill g
    s an T g ta b il d . so ac n ea a n , a e on on a u s an

    (T) M f —
    l d l r d A l tr t
    a a u, N m k an i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    o . r so ac on o u a s an . so ac n ea

    Hi h i f v ill g o, Lif k i l d ( H ) Tr t
    a e onr P g i v ill g uLi f k a s an . ac n ea an a , a e on u a

    i l d ( H ) C m t ry t r i d f Lif k Th m t ry i i d to
    R p t d t b m d ft r th vil
    s an . e e e on ea s e n s e o u a . e ce e e s sa

    h v a b e ow
    e en d by T i P l h k on c e ne u e e a e . e u e o e na e a e e
    l rg f Al k i
    a e o T g t b i l d a on on a a u s an ,

    A l k if
    a F ll m f vill g e of Al k i
    o n ua u T g t b
    na i l d (T) F m i g
    e o a a on on a a u s an . or ean n

    and ri g i o Al k i Al n,vill g s ee F i l d ( H ) t h rwi k w


    a . so a e on oa s an , o e se no n as
    F o tu a .

    A l a k ip e a u . To an g l e wit h s ma ll h oo k s i n th e w a v es [ a la , to an g l e wit h sma ll


    h ook s ; k i , i n ; p e a u , w a e s ] Is v . l and ( T) .

    A l a k is ia l e S u a e for - a d e n a s
    . it bl g r i [ a la , su it bl a e ; k i, fo r ; s a e, i l g rd i a en a ] . Tr t ac
    n ea r K l o oa , vill g a e on K ol oa i l
    s an d ( V) .

    Al l T t h th e f r h d [ l to t h ; I f reh d ] Tr c t
    a as . o ouc r Ut l u o e ea a a, ou c a e, o ea . a n ea u a ,

    v ill g aT g t p i l d (T)
    e on on a a u s an .

    A Ia S it bl
    a . d p i gm ut d f m ri g ov e r th b d y [ l
    a e re it bl ; l en ,
    us e or s ea n e o a a, su a e oa .
    red p i gm t d f m ri g v r th e b d y ]
    en , Tr t us er L k p vill g or s ea n o e o . ac n ea a e a, a e on
    To g t b n i l d ( T ) L ik l d l r d A l tr t
    a a u s an r H l g v ill g —
    as e, an o . so ac n ea o on a, a e on

    T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    a a u T g i l d ( H) T i H t ih l d
    s an . so ac on un ua s an —
    u aa e o, an

    l rd A l tr t
    o . r L i m t vill g
    so V v i l d ( V ) F t l d l rd
    ac n ea e a ua , a e on a au s an —
    o u, an o .

    Al a oo T .g l e w it h m ll h k f
    o an fi h [ l t g l wit h m ll h k ; s a oo s or 00 s a a, o an e s a oo s 00,

    a p i
    s f fi h]
    e c es Tr t T g i l d ( H ) T i H t ih l d l rd
    o s . ac on un ua s an —
    u aa e o, an o .

    Al t a onu T g l wit h m ll h k f t
    . o fi h [ l
    an t eg l e wit h mal l s a oo s or on u s a a, o an s

    ho k ; t o s p i of fi h ] Tr t
    o n u, r M t m k vill g o N p p
    a s ec es s . ac n ea a a a a, a e n ua a u

    i l d ( V)
    s an .

    Al t k
    a u To t ch s t a d i g
    a . dd l y [ l to t ch ; t k t t d o a d d ]
    ou n n su en a a, ou u a, o s an n su en .
    Gi ffo rd —
    To nga n P la c e Na mes 35

    T r ct a on N iu a top u a p u t is l and ( NT ) —
    Ta ngi p a , l an d l rd o .

    A l ea k u l a r ti . b t th k l bird [ l
    C on v e sa o v r a ti
    on ; k la oum ll e u a a ea , c n e s on u a, a . s a

    bi d w it h d fe t h r a p p a r e tly t a T g
    r re a p i ] Tr c t
    e s, r K lo n no on an s e c es . a n ea o a,

    vill g a K l i l d (V)
    e on o oa s an .

    Al f
    e a. H g r Tr t un r F l l vill g
    e . F a ( H)
    ac A l o tr t n r F k a
    n ea a e oa , a e on o . s ac ea a

    k k i vill g
    a a ,
    H i l d ( H)
    a e on a an o s an .

    A l ip t
    e P ll h r d f
    a a. th g r v lly b ch [ l i
    u a p t r gh
    or d] B
    e h a e ea a a , a a, ou s an . eac
    on H i l d ( H ) O ly th t m p t
    a an o s an m t cc r i m d er T g a
    . n e s e a a s ee s o o u n o n on n .

    I t me r gh an sd gr v l I S m
    ou p t m
    s an c r i r efer e
    or a e . n a oa n a a ea n s oa s e, n nce
    t o s an d I S m .lei m nt d riv t a h e It i
    oa n d a e tr e ty ea n s o e, o c as . s us e as an n a

    t p r
    o p lli g i
    e s on s b t g i t th w i d to m k e h t P h th e b t
    u n n a oa a a ns e n a as e : us oa ,

    d riv h e fig h t th e wi d Her , th wh l m m y m p ll h rd f
    n . en ce e o e na e a ean u a or

    th e g v lly b h ra T g m yt h l gy tt i b t t th
    e ea c . me S am
    on an o o a r u es o e na a oa n

    o ri g i Th b h i r p t d t b th p l
    n . e ea c w h r th b it b ro gh t fr m
    s e u e o e e a ce e e e on o, u o

    S m a fir t pp r d i T g
    oa , s Th a m w eag iv t e mm em r t n th on a . e na e as en o co o a e e

    p t ti v
    u a S m ri g i f th fi h Th m i g f Al ip t l r fl e t
    e a oa n o n o e s . e ea n n o e a a a so e c s an

    i c i d t i th t ry f th c m i g f th e b it i w h i ch h m h r r g
    n en n e s o o e o n o on o, n a u an e o u es

    a rly ex h t d Fiji
    nea tt d t to au s eti u h i ff rt t w im t th e an a en an c on n e s e o s o s o

    s h r o e .

    A l ip t
    e Tr t
    a a. K p vill g ac K a p a i l d ( V ) Al tr t e r T s
    n e ar a a, a e on s an . so ac n a uan

    ki l
    va e, v ill g V va i l d ( V) a e on a u s an .

    Al l
    e e E . l re f g r nc os u ( l r ; Il o ki d su f g r an ] T r t
    a can e a , e n c os u e e e, a n o su a c e . ac

    n ea r T t k m t g v ill g a a T a g t b o oni l d ( T ) T g i l d l rd A l
    a, a e on on a a u s an —
    un ,
    an o . so

    tr c t r H
    a n ea vill g H i l d (H) T i H g
    a an o , a l d l rd Al
    e on aano s an -
    u a an a na , an o . so

    tr c t
    a r V k t m i vi ll g
    n ea K p i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    a a au a r Nei f
    , a e on a a s an . so ac n ea a u,

    vill ge a V v i l d ( V ) A l d i tri t
    on a au Ni f u i l s an d ( NF ) . so s c on u a oo s an .

    Al p
    e A r bi
    e a. Tr t r Oh
    a a v ill g
    . E i l d ( T ) A l tr t i
    ac n ea on u a , a e on ua s an . so ac n

    N k u l f v ill g
    ua o a , T g t b i l d ( T ) S it f th t g v r m t ffi
    a e on on a a u s an . e o e s on e o e n en o ce

    b il d i g Al tr t i K l g vill g
    u n . so T g t b ac i l d ( T) Al o n o on a, a e on on a a u s an . s

    tr c t
    a r P k t l vill g
    n ea H ui l d (H) T i H g
    o a a, l d l rd a e on aano s an —
    u aan an a , an o .

    Al ev a . T b w k ot [ e t ba w k ; l a e t a ] Tr ton c e r M a, o e a a e ev a , a on c e . ac n ea a

    k v e v ill g o V v
    a ,
    i l d ( V ) T i A fi t l d l rd
    a e n a au s an —
    u u, an o .

    A li n on g P f l b ld
    a .
    [ li b ld
    ea c e u ; g p f l]
    a I l d (V)
    n es s a ,
    a nes s n on a, eace u . s an .

    A li o.To rry l i fi h [ l i tr p r t fi h f th g
    ca a s R h m b id i h th y
    a , a an s a en s o e en u s o o c s, o.

    t o car ry ] Tr t i N k l f v ill g . T
    ac g t b i l d (T)
    n u ua o a , a e on on a a u s an .

    Al o. H i gh t N m f mm it f M t T l
    e . a V v i l d ( V)
    e o su o . a a u on a au s an .

    Al f k i T
    o a it i
    . w Tr t i N k l f v ill g
    o s n a T
    ro g t b .i l d (T) ac n u ua o a , a e on on a a u s an .

    Al fi K v
    o . ri g Tr c t
    a a r V t nvill g . r T g t b i l d ( T) T i
    a n ea a o uu , a e n ea on a a u s an —
    u

    Vk a l d l rd A l tr t
    a n o, an r U i h vill g o U i h i l d ( H ) M l p o
    o . so ac n ea a, a e n a s an —
    a u ,

    l d l r d A l tr t
    an o .r N i f vill g so V v i l d (V) ac n ea e a u, a e on a au s an .

    A l fi
    o T
    a. v rt k Tr t o o Ni e t p t p i l d ( NT ) T gip l d l rd
    a e . ac on ua o u a u s an —
    an a, an o .

    A l fi t i C ir
    o a l r k v ri g [ l fi k v a ri g ; t i ir l r ] Tra c t
    . cu a a a r Oh
    n a o ,
    a n a , c cu a . n ea on u a ,

    v ill g a E e i l d (T) on ua s an .

    Al fi t
    o K v ri g rr d d by p r [ l fl k v ri g ; t
    a oa . a a n su p r; ou n t e s ea s a o , a a n a o, s ea a, o

    su rr d ] Tr t ou n r F t . ill g o F i l d ( H ) T i P el h k l d
    ac n ea o ua, v a e n oa s an -
    u e a e, an

    l rdo .

    Al l
    o oa L g f
    . [ f
    on ; I l l g ] Tr t
    en c e T g a, i l d ( H) T i
    en ce o oa , on . ac on un ua s an —
    u

    H a t i h l d l rd
    a e o, an o .

    Al m l
    o Fi h i g h t ( th g r v m d ) f i d l
    a oa a . ne e [ l h i gh t ; m l fi e ; a e ou n o n o en c e a o, e a o, ne

    aa, i d l n ] C m t ryo en c e T g t b i l d ( T ) P rh p
    . e e e ph mi m on on a a u s an . e a s a eu e s

    f th g r v y rd C m t ry of th f m ily f th h i f L m
    R v il d ch il d f r k [ l c h il d f r k ; ma k i t r vil ] T r t
    or e a e a . e e e e a o e c e o u .

    Al m
    o ki
    a nu a. e e o an a o, o an nu a, o e e . ac

    n e r A g h a vill g e o
    a n N i u f u i l d ( NF )
    a ,
    a n a oo s an .

    Al f
    co a C mp . i m rcy Tr t
    o H f
    a s s on , i l d ( H ) T h tok l an d l rd
    e . ac on a a ev a s an —
    uu e a, o .
    36 B er n ic e P . B is hop M u s eu m —
    B ull etin
    A l o ua . T wo ch il d re n of r k an [ a la , chil d of r a nk ; ua , tw o ] . S t rs
    a . Al t r tiv e na e

    m ea n i g n tw o p a is d d li g n in a b t
    oa , alo ( to p a d d l e) , ua tw o ) . Id tit y of
    en
    s a t r s rt in ot a s c e a n ed .

    Al l
    ova u E i gh t h il d r
    . f r k or e i g h t p a d d li g i
    c b a t [ l c h il d of ra k
    en o an , n n a o a o, n ,

    to p a d d l e ; l i gh t ] S t r v a u, e . a s .

    Al u.A r pi g pl t c ee d i m a k i g up ri r b k e t
    n an Tr c t n e r L ot ofoa
    , us e n n s e o as s . a a ,

    vi ll g e a F oa i l d (H)
    on s an .

    Al l
    ua v a e Th g i g f f l [ l t g ;
    . e of ;
    o n l f l ] Tra c t
    o a r H v el oo a u, o o a, v a e, oo . n ea a u,

    v ill g a To g t b u i l
    e on d (T) Fi l k p n l d l rd
    a a s an —
    e a e a, an o .

    Al l lu a o. T go d w [ l t g ; l l d w ] Tr t
    o o n H g i l d ( V ) F li
    a u, o o a o, o n . ac on un a s an —
    u
    i l
    va d l rd
    , an o .

    Al m u ik oe T g w it h fi h ( l
    a. to g ; m
    o o a d th e ; ik fi h] Tr t a r
    s a u, o oe , n a, s . ac ne

    Ho l g vill g
    on To g t b
    a, i l d (T)
    a e on n a a u s an .

    Al m u fi oe uT g wit h y m [ l t go ; m
    . o o d th ; fl y am] Tr t i
    a s a u, o oe , an e u , . ac n

    P vill g o To ga t b i l d ( T )
    ea , a e n n a u s an

    Al t k
    uo a T g a. d [ l o to g ; o d; t k an to ]s eeTra c t n H g a a, o o, an a a, s ee . o un a

    i l d ( V ) F l i i l d l rd
    s an —
    u va ,
    an o .

    Al p u ua.T g t th p a tr o [ l to g ; p o tr e ( p rh p H er d i p el
    e u ee a a, o o ua , a e e a s nan a

    Tr c t r N k l fa vill g a T g t b
    n ea i l d (T) u ua o , a e on on a a u s an

    Am k i W it h r d h d g
    ae . wi h i g to b e ti c d [ h d g e ; m w i t h r d ; k i
    e e e e s n no e a, e a e, e e ,

    wi hi g s t b n ti d ] Tr t o T g e i l d ( H ) T i H t ih o l d
    no ce . ac on un ua s an —
    u aa e , an

    l r d P ibly t h i
    o . me ios s m i p lli g f Am l k i s na s a ss e n o a e .

    A m il
    -
    a E cl e. r f m y rtl h r b [
    n os u e l r ; m il o hr b (v r c l rly e s u s a, en c o s u e a e, a s u e na u a

    ll d m yrtl by E g li h p k i g
    ca e e id t f n Tr t i N k l f
    s -
    s ea n r es en s o ac n u ua o a,

    v ill g a T eg t b i l d ( T ) Al tr t
    on on H
    a a f ui l d ( H) T h
    s an . so ac on a a eva s an —
    uu e

    t k l d l r d A l tr t
    o a, an r Hi h i f vill g
    o . Lif k so i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    ac n ea o, a e on u a s an . so ac

    r V i p vill ge N i t p t p i l d ( N T ) M t l d l r d
    n ea a oa , a on ua o u a u s an —
    aa u , an o .

    A m l k i B ibli c l
    a e . m Am l k Tr t a T g na i l d ( H) T i H t ih
    e— a e . ac on un ua s an -
    u aa e o,
    l d l rd
    an o .

    Am k in
    a na W rt h l xp ec t ti
    oa .
    [ m ki
    o x p t ti o ;es s w rt h l
    e ] a on a a na , e ec a n n oa , o es s .

    Tr a c t i N i f v ill g n V v i l d (V)
    e a u, a e on a au s an .

    Am a na ve.T bi d fl m b x [ m fi m b o (
    n d b y fi h rm
    a ); v ( pr b
    ea u a a, a eau us e s e en na e o
    abl y m i p lli g f v l t
    a ss eTr t n r N v t ok v ill g
    o na T g e ,
    o ac n ea a u a, a e on on a
    t b u i l d ( T ) T g i l d l rd
    a s an —
    un , an o .

    Am t k a A r p
    u u. p rt i d f v l [ m p rt i d e f v l ; t k
    o e on o s r pe e o a es s e a a, o s o es s e u u, a o
    i n v l ] Tr t
    a es s e r N p p v ill g . N p p i l d (V)
    ac n ea ua a u, a e on ua a u s an .

    Am oa . E l re f c h i k n c os u [ lo r ; m orhi k ] Tr t c r Ko l oen s a, en c su e oa, c c en . ac n ea u


    v ill g L if k i l d (H)
    ,

    a e on u a s an .

    A m li E o l r f r g tr
    . n c os u e [ l r ; m li or a g tr ] Tr c t
    o o an e e es a, e n c os u e o n e ees a
    ,

    l f v ill g i l d (T)
    .

    i n N k u ua o a , T g t b a e on on a a u s an .

    A na . C ve d a c bi y , g pl en , Tr c t a r N k l f vill g
    n, an T g snu ace . a n ea u ua o a , a e on on a
    t b u i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    a s an r H f v ill g e T g t b i l d ( T ) A l
    . so ac n ea o oa , a on on a a u s an . so

    tr t ac H g i l d ( V ) F 1i i l d l rd Tr t
    on un a s an r P g i vill g o —
    u va , an o . ac n ea an a ,
    a e n
    P g i motu i l
    an a d (V) Al tr c t N i f
    s an vill g e V v i l d (V)
    . so a n e ar e a u, a on a au s an .

    Al tr t
    so r K ei vill g
    ac V v i l d ( V)
    n ea , a e on a au s an .

    A na a f it W i d i g v lit r lly
    u . n v of v f n ca l r [ m v ;
    e, e a , ca e se en e n c e s or e n c os u es a a, ca e
    a,f en c e l r ; fit or v ] C ven c os u ew th r h f T g t b u, se en a e on ea e s or e o on a a u
    i l d (T)
    .

    s an .

    A f
    na e u D ty v [
    . us ve ; f d u t ] C v ca e V v i l d (V)
    a na , ca e u, s . a e on a au s an .

    A f k
    na a t C ve
    aa a f t ki g . im [ a ve ; f k t t t k
    o a im ] C ve n
    n r a a na, ca a aa a, o a e a . a ea
    H i i vill g
    aas n T , g t b i l d (T)
    a e on on a a u s an .

    A na f l a eC v li k
    . h a [ e v ; f l h e ] a C ve d b
    ous e ch a na, ca e a e, ou s e . a an ea on

    w e t her a h or f T g t bu i l
    s d ( T) e o on a a s an .
    38 B er nice P . B is hop M us eu m —
    B u lletin
    A n a ot u a . Ca ve of th e god [ a na, ca ve ; ot ua , go d ] . Ca ve n ea r T l ou a , vill a g e on

    V v a au l
    i s and (V ) .

    Ana p e k a p e k a . Ca v e of th e s wi ft s [ a n a i t ( C l l c l i sp , ca ve ; pe k a pe k a , s w f a o a a o

    C a v e n ea r Na k o l o vill a g e
    o i l T ) i h bit ed b y , n T on ga ta b u s a n d ( . n a

    swi ft v r s, l ar l y ll d w ll ow by E g li h p k i g r i d t of T g
    e nacu ca e s a s n s -
    s ea n es en s on a .

    Al c ve K p i l d ( V ) Th f m S w ll w C v vi it d b y t o ri t '
    so a on a a s an . e a ou s a o s a e, s e u s s .

    A na p t h
    ou a C v of a p ill r [
    . a ev ; p p ill r ; t h
    on e ] C v a r a na, ca e o u, a a a , on e . a e n ea

    M f g vill g e
    au an T
    a, g t b i l d ( T ) A t l tit e d a t l gm it i
    a on on a a u s an . s a ac an s a a e n

    th e v h vca it d f rm i g
    e a e i g l e p i ll r
    un e ,
    o n a s n a .

    A na p a.C v e f b d w or d a [ o c av ; p a b a d w ord ] Tr c t s O ak i l d
    a na , e u, . a on v a s an

    ( V) .

    A na p l u o u.V e il e d c a v [ c v ; p l t v eil o c v r th e f e ] C v
    e a na, a e u ou , o r o e ac . a e on

    T o ga ta b u i l a d ( T )
    n O w th r s h r
    s n . n ea e o e .

    A na p p u C ve f l u. g ti d
    a od [ v ; p p l g
    on -
    c on ti ed ou d ]
    nue s oun a na, ca e u u, on -
    c on nu s n .

    C v a V v i l d ( V ) I thi
    e on a au ve s an b h e r d th r r f th u d er . n s ca can e a e oa o e n

    g r d tr m Ut k l g l
    ou n s ea u a on a u .

    A na p i C t
    us v [ . a v ; p i t] C v e
    ca e r M f g vill ge o T g
    a na, ca e us , ca . a n ea a u an a, a n on

    t b i l d (T)
    a a u s an .

    A na s si il C v ea . f p ki g a om m e d o [ v e ; i i t c mm d ; l
    s ea n toc an s ana, ca s s , o o an ea,

    sp k]
    ea Tr t . Of i l d (V)ac on u s an .

    A na s si ip C v f th
    a. ad f emm d o [ v e ; i i to c mm d ; p
    e s ou n o co an s a na, ca s s , o an a,

    s ou n d] Tr t . Of i l d (V)ac on u s an .

    A t t
    na a a n gi C v f ti k li g [
    . a c ve ;
    e t t
    o gi t ti k l e ] C m t ry a r
    n n a na , a a an , o n . e e e ne

    K l vill g
    ou o , Lif k i l d (H)
    a e on u a s an .

    A t l
    na e ea C v f th . dr ary p e g [ o ve ; t le dr ry p
    ea g ] C ve as sa e a na, ca e ea , ea assa e a

    on T g t b on i l d ( T ) O th w t h r h r
    a a u s an . n e ea e s o e .

    A na t f o a C v f l
    .
    p [ a e o v ; t f l p ( d l y to
    s ee a na , ca Tr c t e r e o a , s ee us e on a n a

    Ut l v ill g
    u au, To g t b a i l d (T)e on n a a u s an .

    A na t li C ve
    u . f th d a f [ o v e ; t li d f] C v e e ea r Oh a v i ll g a n a, ca u , ea . a n ea on u , a e on

    E ua i l d (T) s an .

    A na n h C v a f th
    . r i [
    a e o c v ; h r i ] Tr t o O k i l d ( V )
    e a n a na, a e u a, a n . ac n va a s an .

    A na u m t C v e o f th
    a a . r i b w [
    a v ; m t r i b ow ] C ve a n To g
    o a na, ca e u a a, a n . a e on n a

    t b u i l d ( T ) O th w t h r h r
    a s an . n e ea e s o e .

    A na u p C v a .f th r a d i g r p rt [
    e o ve ;
    e te s oun d; p a r p rt ] n e o a na , ca u, o s ou n a, e o .

    Tr t ac r L ol t l i ill g
    n ea T g t b
    o e i l d ( T) e, v a e on on a a u s an .

    A n o. L k p l m r h Tr t e r vill g
    a e, oo ,
    a T s g t bu i l. d ( T ) : ne r
    ac s n a a es on on a a s an a

    Ah au,F t i i N k l f a a ,r M f g F k f
    n u l d l rd F l h
    ua o a , dn ea au an a— a a an ua , an o ,
    o a a, an

    L l t li
    o o e Al tr t K t i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    e . so ac H f
    on i l d ( H)o u s an . so ac on a a ev a s an

    T h t k
    uu l d l rd A l tr t
    e o a, an Ni i oi l d ( H ) Al o tr t
    . so Of ac on n va s an . s ac on o~

    l g i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    an a s an r Ui h vill g . Ui h i l d ( H) M l p
    so ac n ea a, a e on a s an —
    a u o,

    l d l rd ; l tr t d i tri t d l d v ill g
    an o a so ac r L t f
    , v ill g
    s F
    c an o a e nea o o oa , a e on oa

    i l d ( H ) A l d i tri t
    s an . r F t v ill g so F si l d ( H ) Al tr ac t
    c n ea o ua , a e on oa s an . so

    n ea r P k t l vill g u o a a,H i l d (H) T i H g a e l d l rd A l o


    on aa n o s an —
    u aan a na , an o . s

    tr t ac Of i l d ( V ) T i L k p l d l r d A l tr t
    on u s an r V k t m i
    —
    u a e a, an o . so ac n ea a a au a ,

    vill g a K p i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    e on a a r F l v i vill g
    s an K p i l d . so ac n ea a e a ,
    a e on a a s an

    ( V) Al . l k r T so k avill g e V v i l d ( V ) Al tr t
    n ea uan u r u, a e on a au s an . so ac n ea

    M k v a vill g
    a e, V v i l d ( V ) T i A fi t l d l rd
    a e on a au s an —
    u u, an o .

    A n oa p i M r h y tr c t [
    . a m r h ; p i tr t ]
    s a Tr c t o O f l g i l d ( H )
    a no, a s a ,
    ac . a n o an a s an .

    A n oa va . L k f th a fi h [
    e o l k ; e fi h r av a m bli g th s lm ] a n o, a e ava , a s es e n e sa on .

    L k a N m k i l
    e on d ( H) o Th u fi h i
    a i d to b e p li r t th l k e
    s an . e a va s s sa ec u a o e a ,

    whi h i c m d ft r it s na e a e .

    A no h maa P l fH m [ ea. oo p l; H m o d i tri t i


    aa th e vi c i ity
    ea f a na, oo aa ea , a s c n n o

    F t i c tr l T g t b u ] Tr t
    a a , en a N m k on i l d (H)
    a a . ac on o u a s an .
    Gi ffor d —
    Ton ga n P la c e Na m es 39

    A n o m a te l f d th [ . P oo p l ; m t d ea t h ] Tr t e r T
    o ea k vill g e
    a na , oo a e, . ac n a uanu u, a

    on V v i l d ( V ) Ul k l l l d l rd
    a au s an —
    u a a a, an o .

    A no p p e M r h f th e b tt fl y [
    e . a s m h; p p
    o b tt rfly ] M r h u E ua er a na , ars e e, u e . a s on

    i l d ( T ) A m ll b d y of w t r d m r h i
    s an . s a d p imp r i i th
    o a e an a s n a ee e s s on n e
    u pl d an s.

    A n ov a i W t ry m r h [
    . a e m r h; i w t r] a Tr c t e r H a t f vill g e o
    s a n o, a s va , a e . a n a a a u, a n

    T g t bu i l
    on a a d (T) Al t t s an r P vill g T g t b . i l d (T) so ra c n ea ea , a e on on a a u s an
    —
    L v k a l d l rd A l tr t
    a a, an N m k i l d ( H)
    o . so ac on o u a s an .

    A g
    n t m
    aae a ii Th m r f littl b y [ g m
    as . e r; an ne f ; t m ii o a e o an a, an ne s o, o a a as ,

    littl b y ] Tr c t
    e o r N k l f v ill g
    . a T g t b i l d ( T ) Al o
    n ea u ua o a , a e on on a a u s an . s

    tr t ac r H v el v ill g
    n ea T g ta ba i l d ( T ) F i l k p l d l rd
    u, a e on on a u s an —
    e a e a, an o .

    A g i h
    n aa a Th m r of th d y i t h t p l
    o . e [
    ann e g m r ; i i th t p l ; e a n a ace an a, anne a , n a ace

    a h d y]
    o, Tr t a r H v l vill g
    . acT g t bu i l n ea d ( T) F i l k ep a e u, a e on on a a s an —
    e a a,

    l d l rd
    R k b twe K l m il d T f i vil
    an o .

    A g
    n g m f i A p
    aan a i f h
    o a k . s ec es o s ar . oc e en o o a e an u uv a ,

    l g a E
    es on i l d ( T ) T h r k i i d t r m bl th fi h i h p I t i
    ua s an . e oc s sa o es e e e s n s a e . s

    d rib d b y E i f rm t
    es c e h v i g th h
    ua d f ti g r y ( f i ) d th
    n o an s as a n e ea o a s n a a an e

    t il f h rk ( g ) T h r k i i l d
    a o a s a anr th m d L f l f l
    a . e oc s n an , n ea e ou n e e e ev a u .

    A g h
    n a Ap pa. r f th e h rk [ ea g h rk ; h
    ance pp o r c ] Tr t a r s a an a, s a a, a ea a n e . ac ne

    A l k i vill g e
    a , T g t b i l d ( T ) T i P l h a k l d l rd A l tr t
    a on on a a u s an —
    u e e e, an o . so ac

    n ea r H v l li k vill g a e u T g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    u, a F m tu
    e on on a a u s an . so ac n e ar ua a o ,

    v ill g a T e g t b i l d ( T ) T g i l d l rd Al tr t
    on on a a u r H s an —
    un , an o . so ac n ea a an o ,

    vill g a H o i la d ( H ) T i H g
    e on aan l d l rd A l vill g
    s n Ni —
    u aan ana, an o . so a e on ua

    f oon i l d ( NF ) s an .

    A g if
    n a T t of h rk [ g h rk ; if t t ] Tr c t o M g o i l d
    o. as e s a an a, s a o, as e . a n oun a ne s an

    ( H) .

    A g
    n f S bm i i
    a n o o. Tr t u r F gal ga vill g e o
    s s on . F i l an d ( H ) ac n ea an eo un , a n oa s

    Ni k p u l d l ord
    a u, an .

    A gi
    n gi T
    an p ri g . p o br z Tr c t
    s n r Ui h vill g o U ih i l d
    u , as a ee e . a n ea a, a e n a s an

    ( H) M l p —
    l d l rd a u o, an o .

    A gi h
    n Toa p ri t
    . d ho su g m [ gi t e p ri t
    n en d; h ki d f g m ]
    a oa a e an , o su e n en oa , a n o a e .

    Tr t ac r V i p vill g o Ni t p t p i l d ( NT ) M t l d l rd
    n ea a oa , a e n ua o u a u s an —
    a a u, an o .

    A gi
    n T
    na . b c ri d w y wit h th w i d Tr t
    o e ar er N k h i t l v ill g o
    a a e n . ac n ea u u u u, a e n

    T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    a a u s an L f g i l d ( H ) A l tr t . r so ac on o an a s an . so ac n ea

    M k v e v ill g
    a a V v i l d ( V ) T i Afi t l d l rd
    ,
    a e on a au s an —
    u u, an o .

    A git
    n To
    oa . m fr m th ri tr [ gi t
    co e m fr m ; t
    o tr e ca s ua na ee an , o co e o oa , ee, v er

    l
    n acu a r y ll d ir w d by E g li h p k i g r i d t f T g ( C
    ca e on oo ri n s -
    s ea n es en s o on a a s ua na

    Tr t r H l f li vill g V v i l d ( V ) Af
    ac n ea aa au u ,
    a e on a au s an —
    u

    H l f li l d l r d
    aa au u ,
    an o .

    A gn T r m r ic p l
    o. t ( C r um l g ) P l e
    u e T
    an g t b i l d (T) I u c a on a . ac on on a a u s an . n

    cen tr l p rt Al tr t
    a a r M t i k vill g
    . so V va i l d ( V ) Al o ac n ea a a a, a e on a u s an . s

    tr t ac Ni f on i l d ( NF ) u a o ou s an .

    A g i A
    n o .p t w h i ch th f t i p l c d i
    s o on rt i g m Tr t r Ut e oo s a e n ce a n a es . ac n ea u

    l au, v ill g T g t b a i l d (T)


    e on on a a u s an .

    A f t
    o a Th f l d i g l
    u . d [ e l d ; f t t f l d ] Tr c t
    o n c ou r M f g vill g a o , c ou a u, o o . a n ea au an a, a e

    on T g t b on i l d (T) F k f a a ul d l rd s an —
    a a anua, an o .

    A fi
    o C v
    . i g Tr t o r F m t vill g
    er n . T ac g t b i l d ( T ) T gi
    n ea uaa o u, a e on on a a u s an —
    un ,

    l d l r d A l tr t
    an o . r Hi h i f vill g so L if k aci l d (H) n ea o, a e on u a s an .

    A k i T b g f od
    o a . Tr t
    o r L g t m vill g
    e o . T g t b i l d ( T)
    ac n ea on o e e, a e on on a a u s an

    V ik e l d l rd A l tr t
    un e , an E ik i i l
    o d ( T). Al tr a t sor Ui h ac on ue s an . so c n ea a,

    vill g a Uih e i l nd ( H ) M l p l d l rd
    on a s a —
    a u o, an o .

    h bir d [ bird ( p r b bly P h y c p h l a


    '

    A ko T
    o. th o k c t
    ase h ; k e o a o, o c ase o, a o a ac e a

    Tr c t r N k l f vill g a T g t b i l d ( T ) Al
    n ea u ua o a , a e on on a a u s an . so
    40 B e r n ic e P . B is hop M us eu m —
    B ull etin
    tr t ac r K ol o g v ill ge o T o ga t b u i l d ( T ) N k u l a d l ord Al o
    n ea n a, a n n a s an —
    u , n . s

    tr t aco Ni f u i l d ( NF )
    n F to fi l i l
    u a ood l ord s an —
    o , an .

    A m t
    o B r ok
    o u. l d [ c l d ; m t brok ] Tr t e F l v i vill g e on
    en c ou a o, ou o u, en . ac n ar a e a ,
    a

    K p i l d ( V ) F a k t l l o l d l rd
    a a s an —
    a u o , an o .

    T i To g k v ri g Tr c t e r N i fu v ill ge o V v i l d ( V )
    ’
    Ap aap a . u n a s a a n . a n a e a ,
    a n a au s an .

    Ap k la T o v e e r a t e th e k l
    u a. bir d [ p t v e r t e ; k l a k i d of bird p
    n u a a a, o ne a u a, n , a

    pa tl y
    r en t T g ] Tr t ea r vill g e no T o g ta b
    on i l an d ( T )
    an . r ac s n a s on n a u s : n ea

    M l p a a P g i l d l r d H ol g A l k i T i P l h k l d l r d N v t k
    o— an a, an o ,
    on a, a —
    u e e a e, an o ,
    a u o a

    T g i l d l rd A l o tr t
    un , an r Uih vill ge o . Uih i l d (H) M l p
    s ac n ea a, a on a s an —
    a u o,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    A p i Tr c t h om e p l
    . a t ti Pl c
    , T g t b i l
    , d (T) an a On w e t h r on . a e on on a a u s an . a e

    s h r o e Al o tr c t . e r L g m p vill g o V v
    s a i l a n d ( V ) V ik
    n a on o a u, a e n a au s —
    e un e .

    l d l rd
    an o .

    Ap i a S rr
    . d d h me [ p i h m ;
    u oun to rro d ] ;
    e p rh p
    o m ed f a , o e a, su un or e a s na or

    Ap i S m a, Tr c t i H t vill g
    a oa To g t b
    . i l d ( T ) Al tr t
    a n au u, a e on n a a u s an . so ac

    n ea r N k k v ill g e u T g t b
    un u i l d (T) T i V k
    u, l d l rd A l
    a on on a a u s an -
    u a a n o, an o . so

    tr t i F m t vill g
    ac n T g t bua a i l d (T) o u, a e on on a a u s an .

    A p if ih i B h y tr
    . t [ p i tr c t ; fi h i b h y ] Tr t n r M l p vill g e on
    us ac a , a , us . ac ea a a o, a

    To g t bn i l d ( T ) P g i l d l ord
    a a u s an -
    an a, an .

    A p if N w h m [ pl h me ; f
    oo u . e w] Tr t o a r vill g
    e a T g t bu
    , o a o u, n e . ac s ne a es on on a a

    i l d (T) i H t
    s an r F h f V h l l d l r d F t i H k m Fa
    : n a u u , n ea a e a— ee a a, an o , a a , aa a e, no

    n g hi a L ik l d l rd P
    n a— L k asl dl d L p h
    e, P gi l d l rd a d
    an o , ea — ava a, n or , a a a— an a, an o ,
    n

    N k l k
    u Al
    u e tr t T a g . i l d ( H ) T i H t i h l d l rd A l
    so ac on un ua s an —
    u aa e o, an o . so

    tr t ac r F l em e v ill g
    n ea U ih i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    e a, r U i h vill g a e on a s an . so ac n ea a, a e

    on Uih i l d (H) M l p
    a l d l r d A l tr t
    s an r Hi h i f ill g
    —
    . Li a u o, an o . so ac n ea o, v a e on

    i l d ( H ) A l tr t i r P g i v ill g e L if k i l d (H)
    .

    f k u a s an d . so ac s n an n ea an a , a on u a s an .

    Al tr t
    so O k i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    ac on H g i l d (V ) F li i
    va a s an . so ac on un a s an —
    u va ,

    l d l r d A l tr t
    an o r vill g
    . V v i l d (V) i N i f
    so a c s n ea rT l a es on a au s an : n e a u , n ea ou a ,

    Ut i Ah m l d l rd
    u —
    d Ma t i k
    o Al
    ee , tr c t e r M t v i vill g
    an o , an a a . so a n a a a a ,
    a e on

    Ni t p t p u i l d ( NT )
    ua o u a s an .

    A p ik f H m of i e t r d g [ p i h me ; k f i t c rd g ] Tr t
    a a. o e s nn r co a e a , o a a, s nn e o a e . ac n ea

    A l k i vill g
    a ,
    T g t b i l d ( T ) T i P l h k l d l rd
    a e on on a a u s an -
    u e e a e. an o .

    Ap i k k i C r w d d h m [ p i h m ; k k i cr wd d ] F r m r v ill ge ort h
    _

    a a . o e o e a , o e a a , o e . o e a on n

    w t r p rt f K i l d ( H )
    es e n a o ao s an .

    A p ik k l a H m f w et
    a a . t d fl w r [ pi h me ; k k l
    o e o s we t t de -
    s cen e o e s a ,
    o a a a, s e s c en e
    -

    fl w r ] Tr c t
    o e s r L p h vill g
    . T ag t b i l d ( T ) P gi l d
    n ea a a a, a e on on a a u s an —
    an a, an

    l rd A l tr t
    o . r L l t l i vill g
    so To g t b
    ac i l d (T)
    n ea o o e e, a e on n a a u s an .

    Ap i l h i L r g
    a .tr c t [ p i tr c t ; l h i l r g ] Tr t
    a e a r M il m vill ge o
    a , a a , a e . ac n ea as a ea , a n
    T ong t b i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    a a u r N v t k v ill g
    s an T g t b . il d so ac n ea a u o a, a e on on a a u s an

    ( T) T g i l d l r d A l tr t
    —
    un r F l l vill g e
    , an F o i l d ( H ) Al
    . so ac n ea a e oa , a on oa s an . so

    tr t ac r Ng h vill g
    n ea Ut g k i l d ( V ) M t p k l d l rd
    a un o o, a e on un a e s an —
    o ua ua a, an o .

    Al tr t
    so r v ill g ac s V v i l d (V) n ea N i f M t ik a d es on a au s an : n ea r e a u, a a a, an

    F l t
    e e oa Al tr t . Ni f i l d ( NF ) F t fi l i l d l rd
    so ac on u a oo u s an —
    o o , an o .

    A p il t a aH m f th l t h r b [ p i h m ; l t
    . o e o hr b ] e Tr t r H
    a a s u a , o e a a, a s u . ac n ea a

    v l vill g
    e u, T g t b i l d ( T ) F i l k p l d l rd
    a e on on a a u s an —
    e a e a, an o .

    Ap im m a Di t t h m [ p i h m e ; m m d i t t ] Tr t e r N k ua l f
    a o. s an o e a , o a a o, s an . ac n a u o a,

    vill g e a T g t b i l d (T)
    on on a a u s an .

    A p im Old h m
    ua . [ pi h m ; m f r ti m o f r m rly ]
    e Tr t e r F t a
    a , o e ua , a o e e, o e . ac n a o u ,

    vill g e a F i l d ( H ) T i P l h k l d l rd
    on oa s an —
    u e e a e, an o .

    A p i i i S m ll h m
    s . [ pi h m ; aii m ll ] Tr t o r M f g vill g e
    e a , o e s , s a . ac n ea au an a, a on

    T g t bu i l d (T) F ak f l d l rd A l tr t r Nei f v ill g e


    —
    on a a s an a anua, an o . so ac n ea a u, a

    on V v i l d (V) a au s an .

    A p it h i H m
    a . r th e [ p i h m ; t h i
    o e ]
    n ea Tra t e r P et an i vill g e
    e s a a , o e a , s ea . c n a , a

    on Ni f i l d ( NE )
    u a o ou s an .
    42 B ern ice P . B is hop M us eu m — B u lle tin
    Ata t u k a l y c t [ t h a d ow ; t k t t d o a ud d e ]
    . S h a d ow s u d d en as a a, s u a, o s an n s n .

    Tr t Ni u t p u t p u i l
    ac d ( NT )
    on T gi p l d l rd
    a o a s an —
    an a, an o .

    At a vah S h d w a a d i v i d i g fe c e [ t
    ea . a h d w; o h t d ivi d e ;
    s f e] n n a a, s a o va e, o a, enc .

    W ll Te g t bu i l d (T)
    on on a a s an .

    At ave h Tr t r A fa vill g e o T g t b i l an d ( T )
    a. ac n ea ,
    a n on a a u s .

    At e. A p i f lo g gr s T ct
    ec es r P vill g o T g ta b u i l
    n d (T) as s . ra nea ea , a e on on a s an
    —
    L v k l d l r d A l tr c t
    a a a, r L a p h vill g e
    an T g t b
    o i la d ( T )
    . so a n ea a a, a on on a a u s n
    —
    P g i l d l ord
    an a, an .

    At l
    e e. A pl d f c [ fe e; t la net pl ] Tr a t r K l g vill g e o
    en e a, nc e e, o an e . c n ea o on a, a n

    T g t b
    on i l d (T) a a u s an .

    At on u St ra i gh t fe
    .
    [ f ; t tr a i g h t ] Tr t Ni t p t p
    n ce i l d a, en c e o n u, s . ac on ua o u a u s an

    ( NT ) .

    Atoto l re of t t o tr
    . Enc [
    os u l o re ; t t ki d f tro ] Tr t ee sr a, en c su o o, a n o ee . ac n ea

    V ip a vill ge oa , Ni t p t p i l an d ( NT ) M t u l d l rd
    a on ua o u a u s —
    as , an o .

    At ua . E cl r f t yam [ n os u e l r ; t o k i d of y ua ] Tr t ar s a, e n c os u e ua , a n a rn . ac ne

    N k u k vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) T i V k
    un u u, a e l d l r d Al tr t
    n on a a u s an —
    u a a n o, an o . so ac

    n ea r K ol g vill g e T on g t b a,i l d ( T ) N k l d l rd A l tr t
    a on on a a u s an —
    u u, an o . so ac

    n ea r P g i vill g P
    an g im t
    a i la d (V)
    , a e on an a o u s n .

    At ua ol A p ci s . f b it Tr c t e r T
    s e e k v i ll g
    o V v u i la d (V )
    on o . a n a uanu u, a e on a a s n
    —
    Ul k l l l a d l rd
    u a a a, n o .

    At l
    u au T fii g l . v s [ t t fli g l
    o n l v ] Tr c t
    ea e N vu t k vil
    a u, o n , a u, ea es . a n e ar a o a,

    l g e o T g t b i l d ( T ) T gi l d l rd
    a n on a a u s an —
    un , an o .

    At l
    u a ua B it t b . t d [ t b it ( Th y
    on o o p l my ) ; e l t
    c ou n e be a u, on o n n us e a s a ua , o

    c t d ] Tr t
    oun e r Ulb vill g o Ui h i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd
    . ac n ea a, a e n a s an —
    a u o, an o .

    At m t
    o F a a. f th b it [ t b it o ; m t f ] Tr t
    a ce o e r T k m l ol
    on o a u, on a a, a ce . ac n ea o o o o,

    vill g o T g t b i l d ( T )
    a e n on a a u s an .

    At p
    u Tr t
    a una. r U ih vill g ac Uih i l d ( H ) M l p o l d l rd
    n ea a, a e on a s an —
    a u , an o .

    At t
    u u n u. B r il d b it [ t b it ; t o e b i l d ] Tr
    on t F t h
    o i l d (H)
    a u, on o un u, ro e . ac on o u aa s an .

    A na n h C rr p ti a. Tr t o N v t k
    u vill g e
    on . T o g ta b u i l ac d ( T) n ear a u o a, a on n a s an

    T gi l d l r d
    un , an o .

    A h
    uc To com
    a n. fl wi g r p i d l y b y [ t fl w ra p i d l y
    e o th c rr
    n t; by ;
    a a u, o o ,
    as e u en e,

    b a n,t me ] Tr t o co r M t h vill g o T ga ta b i l d ( T )
    . ac n ea a a au, a e n on u s an .

    A h
    n D tr y d
    a. xti c t Tr t
    es o r T t k a m to ga vill g e o T g t b
    e , e n . ac n ea a a o n , a n on a a u

    i l d ( T ) T gi l d l r d
    s an —
    un , an o .

    A h
    u g m
    an P ti g to d tr y t h i g [ h d tr y d ; g t p t ; m
    a ea. an n es o n s au a, es o e n a, o an ea,

    t h i g ; p rh p r f rri g t th h e v i g f th bill w fr m th p e o
    n s e a s e e n ] o e a n o e o s o e o n c ea n .

    S tr it b tw a T t f e d U l i l d (H)
    e en a a a an o ev a s an s .

    A h t t
    u Ap p
    a o o. r ce f bl d fl w i g [ t fl ow ; h a p p r c ; t t bl d ]
    ea an o oo o n a u, o a, ea an e o o, oo .

    Tr t ac r L v e g t g v ill g
    n ea To g t b
    a i l d (T)
    n a on a, a e on n a a u s an .

    A va A .
    p i g c r vi a p
    n o en n g f ve l ,
    Tr t
    a r H l f li vill g
    e ce, assa e or sse s . ac n ea a a au u , a e

    on V v i l d ( V ) Af H l f li l d l rd Al tr t
    a au s an Ni f u i l
    —
    u d aa au u , an o . so ac on u a oo s an

    ( NF ) F t fi l i l d l r d —
    o o , an o .

    A l
    va e a n gi P g t th k y [ . assap g ; by ; l gi k y ] Tr a t
    e o e r s ava , a ss a e c, an , s . c n ea

    F l t v ill g
    e e oa , V v i la d ( V) a e on a au s n .

    A f
    v a o n ua ik Fi h l d tr it [ a. tr it p s ge ; f
    -
    an l d ; ik fi h ]
    s a ava , s a ,
    as sa o n ua , an a, s .

    S tr it ar F ik i l d (H) P
    n ea g i t H p i g r p fr m th
    on u a a s an th . a ssa e n o aa a ou o e s ou .

    A f
    v a on ua un g P g f th l d f th a. g h ll fi h [
    as sa e p g ; f
    o e an o e un a s e s ava, assa e o n ua ,

    l d; g
    an ki d f h ll fi h ]
    un a, S tr a it ( V )
    a P n ag i t V v g r p fr m
    o s e s . . ass e n o a au ou o

    s ou th t ea s .

    A va ik i S m ll p . g Op i g [
    a p g
    assa p e i g ; ik i
    e or m ll ] Tr c t en n a va , assa e or o n n , s a . a

    on M g i l d (H)
    oun a on e s an .

    A va k P
    e a ua ge f th e tw br d fru it tr e [
    . as sa p o ge ; k k i d of o ea -
    e s av a , as s a ea, a n

    br d fr it tr ;
    ea -
    tw o ]
    u I l t ( H) ee na, . s e .
    G i ffor d —
    Tonga n P la ce Na mes 43

    A v a la n ga r c t ed p a g [ . Ep g ; l g t e r ec t ] Tr t
    e r Uih s sa e a va , assa e an a, o . ac n ea a,
    vill g Ui n i l d ( H ) M l p o l d l rd
    a e on a s an —
    a u , an o .

    A l
    v a a n.N oi y cl r [ l re ;
    s l i ] Tr c t e r M f g
    en os u e a, en c os u v a a u, no se . a n a au an a,

    v ill g T
    a g t b
    e on i l d ( T ) F k f u l d l rd Al tr c t
    on a a r H o u s an —
    a a an a, an o . so a n ea aan ,

    vill g o H a e i l d (H) T i H g
    n l d l rd Al tr t
    a an o O k s an —
    u aan ana, an o . so ac on va a

    i l d ( V ) A l tr c t e r T
    s an vill g e o V v i l d ( V ) A l tr t on
    . so a n a a ca , a n a au s an . so ac

    Ni t p t p u i l d ( N T ) T gip
    ua o u a l d l rd A l o t t Ni f
    s an i l d —
    an a, an o . s rac on u a oou s an

    ( NF ) .

    Av a l im u m ot o i g
    . w d [
    Pas sa ge
    p g ; Iim
    of b we d ; m t
    ud d n sea ee av a , assa e u, s ea e o o,

    t b d]
    o P
    u g b tw . r f l d i g t P g i L if k i l d ( H )
    assa e e een ee s , ea n o an a , u a s an .

    A l
    v a u. E i gh t l r [ l r ; l i gh t ] Tr c t
    e n c os u e s r U i h vill g e
    a , en c o s u e v a u, e . a n ea a, a on

    U ih i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd
    a s an —
    a u o, an o .

    A l V m iti g p
    va ua . og [ p n g ; I t
    assa v m it ; ( p rh p i r f r c
    e av a, assa e ua , o o e a s n e e en e

    t o wi ft
    a s Tr t r U ih vill g Ui h i l d (H) M l pac n ea a, a e on a s an —
    a u o,

    l d l rd A l tr t
    an o . r T k iv l
    so v ill g ac V v u i l d ( V ) Al
    n ea uan e a e, a e on a a s an . so

    tr t ac r F l h vill g
    n ea Ni t p t p
    a e a u,i l d ( NT ) a e on ua o u a u s an .

    A va m t m t a a k P g r m bli g v k fi h [
    a av e a. assa p g ; m t m t to
    e es e n a e a s av a , assa e a a a a,

    r m bl ; k
    es e ki d
    e f fi h]
    ve A p a, a g t h f th U k i l d ( H )
    n o s . a s sa e s ou o e on u u s an s .

    A va m t
    '

    k p l
    a an u P a ge u l g th d g f N k p l [
    u e. ass pa g ; m t
    a on e e e o u u u e av a , ssa e a a,

    e dg ; N k p l
    e m u f u i l d] P
    u e, n a g b tw e o th f H k anl hi a d s an . assa e e e en e r ee a au a n

    L t o ang i l d (H) a s an .

    A va m ik k u P u g f h l d i g f t th b tt k w it h th h d [
    u. a ssa e o o p n g ; as e u oc s e an s ava, as sa e

    m i b tt k ; k k
    u , u t h ld f t i
    oc s th h u d ] u, A pp ro h t L if k
    o i l d as n e an s . n a oa c o u a s an

    ( H ) p t th r f as ll d M ik k M yt h l gy y t h t h r e g d d
    e ee ca e u h ld u u . o o sa s a e a o es s e

    h erb tt k t p r v t th xtr i
    u oc s o f tw y m w h i h h h d w ll w d
    e en e e u s on o o a s, c s e a s a o e

    i nS m a d w oa tr p rti g t T g t p l t
    an as an s o n o on a o an .

    A va m t P
    u u. g th t h s b assa c t ro [e p a g ; m t ta t een te r u ac ss ava, assa e u u, o cu or a

    r ] P
    a c os s g b tw
    . r f t Hi h i f L i f k i l d ( H )
    assa e e ee n ee s , o o, u a s an .

    A i
    v a n u. H ll w c c t [ o oh ll w ; i o on u t ] Tr t o F i f i l da v a, o o n u, c oc on u . ac n on o ua s an

    (H) T i Afi t
    —
    l a d l rd
    u u, n o .

    A va o m l Pa au g f th m l bir d [
    . a ssa p e og ; f; m le bir d p c
    a au av a , assa e 0, o a a u, a e u

    li r to Ni f
    a (M g p di ua oou Tr t e Ni fa o i l d ( NF )
    us ac on u a oo u s an

    F t fi li l
    o o d l rd ,
    an o .

    A va p l p l k i P
    u e u eg f th biti g p l p l h ll fi h [
    a . as sa e o p g ; p l p l
    e n u e u e s e s ava , assa e u e u e,

    a ki d f n h ll fi h ; k i t
    o bit ] S tr it ( V ) S t h w t r p p r h t
    s e s a , o e . a . ou es e n a oa c o

    V v h rb r
    a au a o .

    A va p p u C owd d p
    u . g p rh p r f rri g t r k i th
    r e as sa e, h l [ e a s e e n o oc s n e c anne av a ,

    p g ; p p
    ass a e r wd f p r u ] u, aS tr it t c oth f L k l k i l d ( H )
    o e s on s . a o s ou o e e e a s an .

    A t f
    va a a a n g P g f fi hi ga. a s sa
    o [ p e g ; t f g fi h i g c a oe ]
    or s n can es a va, assa e a aan a, s n n .

    P ge
    assa T g t b i l d ( T ) O w a th r h r
    on on a a u s an . n e e s o e .

    A t i R w
    va a . f cr v ic o [ cr vi
    o ; t i e w] Tr t
    es r N i f vill g
    av a, e ce a , a ro . ac n ea e a u, a e
    on V v i l d (V) a au s an .

    A t
    v a a uo if i P g f r tl . c rli g w v
    assa e [ o p g ; t i r tl ; i i
    es es s u n a es ava, a ssa e a uo ,
    es ess ,

    t rl ] S tr it b tw
    o cu . F t h a d F t i e gi i l e en d (H) o u aa an a u nanan s an s .

    A t
    va o n g S th p a . ge [ ou p g ; t g assa th ] P l c Tav a,g t b a s sa e on a, s ou . a e on on a a u
    i l d ( T ) F rm rly c ll d F t ; o th l g
    s an . o e a e o a n e a oon .

    A t
    va on g C r vi o.w it h p r p r ti e f ce t r i g th e h ir d [ e r vi ; t g
    a a on or u n n a re av a , c e ce on o,

    p r p r ti
    e a f at r i g th e h ir d ] C em t ry a r O t v ill g
    on or u n n K p a re . e e ne ea , a e on a a

    i l nd ( V ) O th tr t ll d H m k l
    s a . n e ac ca e ou a a ae .

    A t p
    va u G r wi g p
    u. g [ o p ng ; t p t g r w ] A p p r h b tw
    as sa e av a , assa e u u, o o . n a oa c e ee n

    r f e e s on th w t id f Lif ke i l d (H)es s e o u a s an .

    A va u i Th e p. i g w h i h c ll [ o en n p i g ; i to ll ] T m p l c a r T ka
    s ava , o en n u , ca . e e n ea a
    k m ta g vill g
    o on T g t b
    a, i l d ( T ) A t m p l f th g d T l i i T p
    a e on on a a u s an . e e o e o a a u ou .
    44 B er n ic e P . B is hop M us e u m —
    B ull etin
    A v a v a h a a fo n u a . Pa ss a g e b e tw e en l a n d s [ ava , p assa ge ; v a ha a , s ho rt d i tas nce

    b e t we n i l d ; f e l d ] S tr it b et w
    s an s L g hu
    o n ua , d H ka ta an ds . a e en ua n a an a ua i l s an

    ( H) .

    Av t e a To b . d p riv d of ew f b an e [ to d p riv e o f ; t
    e r w of a ro o a nas a ve , e a, o
    b s]
    a nan a Tr t r Ut i vill g e o V v i l d ( V ) A h m ee l d l rd
    . ac n ea u , a n a au s an —
    o , an o .

    A vo k i Av c d
    a a. ( lli g t or p r ) i
    o a ab
    oe s d [ k a v c a d ; i toa ea s n un ance a vo a, a o o a,

    a b d ] Tr t i N k l f vill g
    ou n . ac T g t b n i l d (T) u ua o a , a e on on a a u s an .

    E e . N me f a fi h Tr c t o Ni f a i l d ( NF )
    s . a on u a oou s an .

    Ef e s o. B ibli c l me E p h e a Tr c t na M t k u i l d ( H ) T i H a t ei h o s us . a on a u s an —
    u a ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    E l i E g li h p r p r
    es . n me E l i
    s Tra t n r H m vill g on T o g t b
    o e na s e . c ea ou a, a e n a a u

    i l d (T) V
    s an l d l rd —
    a ea , an o .

    E l i T h e w or d m y b
    . k li w it h th k d r op p d
    a i S me i wh i h
    e it e e as n a oa n , n c cas e s

    p r b bl m i g i d it h Tr t i l d ( V ) A l o tr c t r
    “
    o a e ea n n Ok s c . ac on oa s an . s a n ea

    Ut l i vill g
    u e ,P g im t a i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    e on r N i f v i ll g
    an a o u s an . so ac n ea e a u, a e on

    V v i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    a au s an r T fi i v ill g . V v i l d (V) L iso ac n ea e s , a e on a au s an —
    uan ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    E lili C rt i
    . f th e pe i
    a n f th o ge T rb e i v al v h ll
    s Tr c t o
    c es o e nus u o, un e s e s . a n

    L f g i l
    o an d (H) a s an .

    E l i m i B ibli . l me E li m Tr c t i N k l f vill g
    ca na To g t b u i l . d ( T) a n u ua o a , a e on n a a s an .

    E ne o i T wo p r
    . t g d r p rt
    e s on s m t h i g wit h th d i g.
    o f o i g an e o so e n e es n o c a us n

    l gh t r [ i t r p rt y t h i g w it h th d i g f c i g l gh t r ;
    au e e ne , o e o an t n e es n o aus n au e o, o

    g p p li d t tw o
    o, a m r ]e B o h e r T k iv lor vill g V v i l d
    o e . ea c n a uane a e, a e on a au s an

    (V) .

    E i
    s a. Th h dl f e y t l Tr t i N i f vill g
    an e o anV v i l d ( V) oo . ac n e a u, a e on a au s an .

    Al d i tri t
    so Ni f s i l d ( NF )
    c on ua oou s an .

    d o f th e h i f w i f o f th T i T g [ i rti fi c i l m
    .

    E i m h
    s o f M o e o o. ou n d c e e e u on a es ,
    a a ou n

    o, of ; m h f h i e f w i feo f th T i T
    e o o, c g ] M d r P g i vill g o e u on a . ou n n ea an a , a e on

    E ua i l d ( T ) O w th r i d
    s an t f th vill g of P g i T h m d
    . n ea e s e, eas o e a e an a . e o un

    i s i d to h v e b
    sa m d by th p e p l f E f th fi r t m h f w h
    a een a e e o e o ua or e s o eo o o

    r id d i E
    es e d wh i n i d to h v e h
    ua an E r id o b s f sa a c os en ua as a es en c e e c a us e o

    th e l r d w lli g it off re d by th h ill


    c oo e e n d v ll y s f th e i les d i e
    '

    e s an a e s o s an n

    c on tr t t fl t T g t b It i p r b bl t h t th m h fo r f rr d t i th e
    as o a on a a u . s o a e a e o eo e e e o s

    h i t ri T p o m oh wif f T i T g P f C pt i ti m '
    s o c f th u u eo o , C k e e o u on a au o a a n oo s e .

    E ua B l
    . g i g to th e on r r f n x [ r r f a xe ;
    e co n e b l gi g t ] o an a e e u, c o n e o n a a, e on n o .

    I ls an d (T) Th m p r b bl y ll d
    . t th m yt h i l ri g i
    e na e f E whi h o a a u es o e ca o n o ua , c

    i s sa i d to h v e b f rm d f th d
    a t fr m th g ri d t o o f th g d T g
    een o e o e us o e n s ne e o an a

    l oa T f g Wh i h w
    u un p r d d w fr m th k y Tr c t
    a, c r L p h vil
    as ou e o n o e s . a n ea a a a,

    l g e o T g t b i l d ( T ) P g i l d l rd A l tr c t e r M k g
    a n on a a u s an —
    an a, an o . so a n a a a un a,

    vill g a T g t be on i l d ( T) onP g i l d l rd A l tr c t
    a a u ar M
    s an k —
    an a, an o . so a ne a nu a,

    vill g a T g t b e on i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    on a a r Ui h vill g u s anU ih i l d . so ac n ea a, a e on a s an

    (H) M l p l d l rd
    -
    a u o, an o .

    E ua k f C
    a a. t fib r p f E [ oc o n u e-
    b v ; k f c r d ge m d fr m
    er o e o ua e ua , se a o e a a, o a a e o

    th e fi b r f th c e s t h k ] Tr t
    o r Uih vill g
    e oc on u U ih i l d (H) us . ac n ea a, a e on a s an
    — M l p l d l r d A l tr t
    a u o, an r P g i vill go . L if k i l d (H)
    so ac n ea an a ,
    a e on u a s an .

    Al i l d ( V ) Tr t r H l g v ill g V v i l d (V)
    eq
    so s an . ac n ea o on a, a e on a au s an .

    E ue i k i L ittl E .
    [ l e w it h v w l c h
    ua g d am f l rg i l d f
    e ue , ua s e ua o e an e , n e o a e s an o

    T g t b u g r o p ; i k i littl e
    on a a m ll ] I l u d (T) Al tr t ,
    r K l g , s a . s an . so ac n ea o on a,

    vill g a T g t b e on i l d ( T ) N k l d l rd A l i l d ( V ) Tr t ea r
    on a a u s an —
    u u, an o . so s an . ac n

    H l f li vill g o V v i l d ( V ) Af H l f li l d l r d
    aa au u ,
    a e n a au s an —
    u aa au u , an o .

    E v e ev a T w lk . t pl our Tr c t
    a r N k l of vill g o To g tab
    a ea s e . a n ea u ua a, a e n n a u

    i l d ( T ) Al tra c t
    s an r T efi i vill g o V v i l d ( V ) L i l d
    . so n ea s ,
    a e n a au s an —
    ua n , an ~

    l ord .
    46 B e rn ice P . B is hop M us e u m —
    B ulletin
    m oa n c o m p a n on o f i T u i T o fu a , a ch i ef s
    '
    s on who be came a sha rk l ,
    a n d ed af e t r
    ref i g us n to m a k e th e m e t amo rp h o s is of h is l ea d e r and c omp a n on s i . S ee a s lo
    th p l ce a e n a me V a i v a ia .

    P l f
    e a a. Th e a ct of e x gg r ti o a e a n [ fa i to d o ;
    , a fa , to w ih s to a s on t i sh o th r s
    e w it h
    wh t i a s of da ily c rr c ] o cu en e . Tr t ac on N i u a fo ou i l s and ( NF ) — F o to fil i , l and

    l rdo .

    F a ia fo . To p u t on e c ou s e r or r g e of t h t h
    an a c on a To g n an h ou s e [ f a i, to d o ;
    a fo , on e r g f c ou s e r orh ] Tr t n r Ut l
    an e o th t h a c T g on a on an ous e . ac ea u au .

    vill g a T g t b
    e i l d
    on on a a u s an (T) .

    F i h m h
    a a o T l p d ri g th d y [ f i t d ; h d y ; m h t l p ]
    o e . o s ee u n e a a , o o a o, a o e, o s ee .

    Tr t ac r P k t l vill g
    n ea H o i l d ( H ) T i H aa g
    u o a a, l d l rd a e on aan s an —
    u n a na , an o .

    P i
    a a na T p r f rm i. o v [ f i t p r f rm ;
    e o v e ] Tr t
    n a r Kl u
    ca e a , o e o a na , ca . ac n ea a aa .

    vill g a T g t b
    e i l d ( T ) Al
    on on c va a E u i l d ( T ) Al
    s an . so s ea a e on ua s an . so

    tr t ac r N i f v ill g
    n ea V v i l d (V)
    e a u, a e on a au s an .

    F i p
    a a Tr t
    u . r K k p l v ill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr c t
    ac n ea a no u o u, a e n on a a u s an . so a

    n ear H v k t l vill ge o T o g t b i l d ( T ) Ah m l an d l rd
    aa a a o o, a n n a a u s an —
    o ee, o .

    F i p
    a a t Th
    uu a i l d F i p [ t i l d ] Tr t
    . e n an r K ok up l v ill ge o
    a a u u a, n an . ac n ea an o u, a n

    T g t b
    on i l d (T)
    a a u s an .

    P lf i T
    a a . b m vi d t Tr t
    o ec o r H k i vill a g o V va i l d ( V )
    e e en . ac n ea aa o, e n a u s an .

    F if if i
    a a F ti g b m i g v i d t [ f if i t b m evi d t ; f i f ti g e ]
    u. a ue ec o n e en a a , o ec o e en u, a u .

    Tr t ac r T fi i vill g
    n ea V v i l d ( V ) L i l d l rd
    e s , a e on a au s an —
    ua n , an o .

    F if k
    a e O wh
    a u. x t mm d
    ne mi i ry d l g t Tr t
    o e e c u es T co an s, a s s on a , a e e a e . ac on u

    ng i l d ( H ) T i H t i h l d l r d A l tr t
    ua s an —
    H f
    u i l d (H) aa e o, an o . so ac on a a ev a s an
    —
    T h tok
    uu l d l rd e a, an o .

    F if
    a onon
    g To d j r y [f i t d ; f
    a . og j r y ] Tr a c t e r H
    a ou n e a , o o o n on a, a ou n e . n a o

    l g vill g
    on a, V v i l d (V) a e on a au s an .

    P ih
    a P r f rm
    an . f th e r ei g i g p ri
    e o [ f i p rf rm c ; h
    an c e o r ig i g n n nce a , e o an e a u, e n n

    p ri c ] n Tr t e r Ui h v ill g e o Ui n i l d ( H ) M l p o l d l r d
    . ac n ea a, a n a s an —
    a u , an o .

    F ih
    a C mp l t d p
    a va . g [ f i to d t p r f rm t x e t ; h v p
    o e e a s sa ge
    e a , o, o e o , o e cu e a a, as sa ,

    a ccord i g t o T g i f rm t T h d i ti ri g iv e a ] Tra t a r
    n o ne on an n o an . e c on a es av . c ne

    F h f vill g
    a e a, T g t b i l d ( T ) V h l l d l rd A l tr t
    a e on on a a u s an —
    ee a a, an o . so ac on

    F if
    on o i l d ( H ) T i A fi t l d l r d A l th
    ua s an rt h r p i t f O f l g
    —
    u u, an o . so e no e n o n o o an a

    i l d ( H ) A l tr c t
    s an O k. i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    so a T g i l on d (V ) va a s an . so ac on a un a s an
    —
    Ak l l d l rd A l o tr t o O f i l d ( V ) T i L k p l d l r d A l o
    a uo a , an o . s ac n u s an —
    u a e a, an o . s

    str it a r V v i l d ( V ) Al
    n ea art h w t r p p r ch to V v h rb r
    au s an . so no es e n a oa a au a o .

    Al tr t
    so Ni f ac i l d ( NF ) on ua oo u s an .

    F ih
    a f C m p l t d fr
    a v a oa . t r ed p o g [ f i t d t p rf r m to d i h r g
    e e ac u ass a e a , o o, o e o , sc a e,

    t ox t ; he ec u e
    p g ; f t fr t r ] I l t f l g
    a va , as sa i T g t bu e oa , o ac u e . n e o a oon n on a a

    i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    s an r N i f v ill g
    . so V v i l d (V) ac n ea e a u, a e on a au s an .

    F ih
    a h i l i C mp l t d t r m i
    a va . l p o g [ f i t d t p r f r m to d i h r g e
    e e e na assa e a , o o, o e o , sc a ,

    t ox t ; he e cu e
    p g ; h ili th d t rm i ti o ] Tr t
    ava , assa r N k e , e en or e na n . ac n ea u u

    h it l vill g
    u u, T g t b i l d (T )
    a e on on a a u s an .

    F ih
    a m ta va C mp l t d o uald p .g [ f i t d to p rf r m to d i ch r g t
    o e e o assa e a , o o, e o ,
    s a e, o

    ex t ; h v p
    ec u e g ; m t ld ]
    a Pl
    a, th
    assaw th r h r f T ge o ua , o . a ce on e ea e s o e o on a

    t b i l d (T)
    a u s an .

    F ih
    a m ia va C m p l t d gr
    us e . yp g [ f i t d t p r form t d i ch r g to
    o e e ass assa e a , o o, o e , o s a e,

    x t ; h v p
    e e cu e g ; m i g r ] Tr t i F l h v ill g
    a a, ass a e T g t b us e , a ss . ac n o a a, a e on on a a u

    i l d (T)
    s an .

    F ih
    a t C mp l t d h w
    a va a . p g [ f i t d t p r f r m to d i ch r g e t
    o e e e n as sa e a ,
    .
    o o, o e o , s a ,
    o

    x t ; h v p
    e e cu e g ; t t h w] I l t f l g
    a a, ass ai T g t b
    e i l d (T) a, o e . n e o a oo n n on a a u s an .

    F ih
    a t t C m p l t d bl
    a v a o o. dy p g [ f i t d t p rf rm t d i h r g t
    o e e oo a s sa e a , o o, o e o , o sc a e, o

    ex t ; h v p
    ec u e g ; t t bl d ] Tr t a r S i i vill g e
    a a, assa e N k ku o o, oo . ac ne es a , a on u un u

    m tu i l d ( T )
    o s an .
    Gi ffor d —
    To nga n P l a c e Na mes 47

    F a i ha v a u me a . C omp let ed l
    c a y ey p assa e g [ fa i, to d o to p e for m , to d s c h a
    , r i r ge ,

    to e x e cu e ; t ha v a , p a s s a ge ; u mea , c a l y] . T acr t n e a r T a o a , v i a e on a ll g V va u

    is la nd ( V) .

    F a i h o n ge . I n th e gr i p of fa m i ne [ fa i, p e r fo rm a nce, xe ti ;
    e cu on h o n ge, fa m i ne ] .

    T r t ac n ear Ha t a a fu , v ill g a e on Ton g a ta b u i l s an d (T) .

    F a ii p a . To do it on th e sh e i ld . T r t ac in Nu k u a l f vill g
    o a, a e on T on ga ta b u
    is l and ( T) .

    F a ik a k a i . A foo d p r ep a a r ti on of t
    s o f e ne d b re ad f u r it c oo k e d t wi h c oc on u t oil ,

    or of k ap e (A rum t t
    c os a u m ) c oo k ed w it h c oc on u t oil . Tr ct a r Nuk ua
    n ea

    l o fa , ill ge v To g t b a i l d ( T ) Al o on n ar P
    n a a u s an . s tr c t a e a ng i v ill g e o
    a ,
    a n

    L if k u i l d ( H)
    a s an .

    P ik k
    a u T o d o w it h c l e
    u. h ed fi t [ f i t do; k k to c l h th e fi t]
    nc Tra c t s a , o u u, en c s .

    n ea r H k ili vill g aa T g t b u i l nd ( T)
    ,
    a e on on a a s a .

    F il
    a t hi T o d
    au o w it h ch
    . l [ f i t d o ; I t h i h l ] Tr t o T gu
    o s oo s a , o au o , sc oo . ac n un a

    i l d ( H ) T i H t i h l d l rd A l tr t
    s an -
    u M t k
    aa e i l d ( H) T i o, an o . so ac on a u u, s an —
    u

    H t i h l d l rd A l o tr c t
    aa e o, H af
    an oi l d ( H ) T h t k l d l rd
    . s a on a ev a s an —
    uu e o a, an o .

    Al d i tri t
    so e r F k k k i v ill g
    s c H a i l d ( H)
    n a a a a a , a e on a no s an .

    F il l i T
    a e e d g d [ f i t d o ; l l i g ood ] Tr c t o Ni a f
    . o o oo a i l d ( NF )
    , o e e , . a n u oou s an .

    F il
    a o.T d w it h t [ f i t d ; l th
    o o t] Tr t
    an s r Ui h vill g a , o o o, e an . ac n ea a, a e on

    Uih i l d ( H ) M l p o l d l or d
    a s an —
    a u , an .

    F a il i o o.To d o w it h il [ f i to d ; I l oi l ] Tr ct o a r Va i i v ill g e ona , o o o, . a ne n ,


    a

    T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) M f l d l rd
    a a u s an — a a u, an o .

    F il t
    a o o P r f m d w it h th e m i d [ f i t
    . e or p r fo r m ; l t
    e th e m i d ] F or m e r n a , o e o o, n .

    v ill g a F ei l d (H)
    on Tr t r L ot fo vill g
    oa s an F i l d (H) . ac n ea o a, a e on oa s an

    T i P l h ke l
    u d l ord
    e e A l o tr c t
    a r V i p vill g
    , an Ni ua t op t p i l
    . d s a n ea a oa , a e on u a u s an

    ( NT ) M t l d l r d —
    Al tr c t o Niu f i l d ( NF )
    a a u, an o . so a n a oou s an .

    F il t
    a To
    o u. y p r y er [f i t d ; l t
    sa p y r] a Tr t sr H m v ill g o a , o o o u, ra e . ac n ea ou a, a e n

    T g t b
    on i l d ( T) V
    a a u l d l or d s an —
    a ea , an .
    ’

    F il i
    a It h
    u a. ffi c i t t r l v [ f i s ffi i t ; l t r l a v e ; i i t] T t
    as su en a o ea es a , u c en n, a o e s a, . ra c

    n ea r T t k m to g vill ge a a To g t b
    a o i l d ( T ) T g i l d l rd Al
    n a, a on n a a u s an —
    un , an o . so

    tr t ac r L p h vill g n ea T g t ba i l d ( T ) Pa gi l d l rd
    a a, a e on on a a u s an —
    n a, an o .

    F il p
    a u S ffi i e. t p ig [f i
    u ffi c i
    c en t ; l p th fr it p i g e on s ( C rp p h a g a , su en u e, e u eon a o a

    p acifi ] Tr ca t r P k t l vill g
    . ac H o i l d ( H ) T i H a g na
    n ea u o a a, a e on a an s an —
    u a n a ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    F im
    a k
    a na T d wh t o. li k [ f i to d ; m k t li k e ] T r c t
    o o a on e At t a es a , o a na o, o . a on a

    i l d ( T ) At l d l rd
    s an —
    a, an o .

    F im t
    a To p r p r
    a a . c k d f d [f i t do; m te a e un c k ed ] ooTr c t E e e oo a , o a a , un oo . a on u

    ik i i l d (T)
    s an A l o tr t r Uih v ill g . Ul b a i l an d ( H ) M l p
    s ac n ea a, a e on s —
    a u o,

    l d l ord
    an .

    F im l
    a T w rk a d t l k
    o a u. t th o m ti m e [ f i t d o ; m
    o n d; l a t t lk ] a e sa e a , o o, a n a u, o a .

    Tr t i T ac k vill g
    n V v i l d ( V ) Ul k l l l d l r d
    ua n u u, a e on a au s an —
    u a a a, an o .

    F i
    a na f i T d u r p t d ly [ f i t d ; f i to r p t ] T r t
    . o o e ea e rM k u g a , o o na u , e ea . ac n ea a a n a,

    vill g a T g t b
    e on i l d ( T ) P an g i l d l rd
    on a a u s an —
    a, an o .

    F i
    a na pi Pi ppl u. ( c r d i g t tw T g
    n ea i forma t ) T c t n e r L p s h
    e a co n o o on an n n s . ra a a a,
    vill g e o To ga ta b i l d ( T ) P g i l d l rd
    a n n u s an —
    an a, an o .

    F i i k
    a n a T o m k e th i
    u. by t h r wi g up l a rt h w it h th e h d [ f i t d ;
    s o n oos e ea an s a , o o

    n i th i ;
    , k t th r w
    s p l a e rt h wit h th h d ] Tr c t a r Ui h vil
    u, o o u o os ea e an s . a ne a,

    l g a e onUl b i l d ( H ) M al p l d l r d a s an —
    u o, an o .

    P i
    a no a . To b mi t k Tr t r H t f v ill g o To g t b i l d ( T )
    e s a en . ac n ea a a a u, a e n n a a u s an .

    A l o tr c t
    s r F t v ill g e
    a F
    n ea i l d ( H ) T i P l h k l d l rd
    o ua , a on oa s an — ~
    u e e a e, an o .

    F i
    a oa . To b aw k e d d oi g [ f i t d
    e to p r f r m ;
    a an d; t b w k ] n a , o o, e o 0, a n a, o e a a e .

    Tr t ac r H av k t l vill g
    n ea T g t p i l d ( T ) Ah m l d l rd
    a a a o o, a e on on a a u s an -
    o ee , an o .

    A l o tr t
    s N ku l f
    ac vill g T
    n ea r g t bu i l u d (T) A l o tr c t n
    a o a, r a e on on a a s an . s a ea
    48 B ern ice P . B is hop M us eu m —
    B ulletin
    Lap aha, vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) P n g i l d l rd Al o i l d ( V )
    a e n on a a u s an —
    a a, an o . s s an .

    A l o tr c t
    s r Ma t i k vill g
    a V v i l d (V)
    n ea Al tr c t n e r Ho a a, a e on a au s an . so a a

    l ga vill g
    on Va v
    , i l d ( V ) Al o tr c t
    a e Ol o i l a nd ( V )
    on Al o au s an . s a on ua s . s

    tr t ac r S p t vill g e Ni f
    n ea i l d ( NF ) a aa a, a on u a oou s an .

    F i g
    a n T o p e r ev r i
    aa . b i g w k e [ f i g t d w it h p r v er c ; t b e
    s e e n e n a a a n a, o o e se an e a, o

    aw k ] St
    a r T l vill g
    e . V v i l d ( V ) O e o f tw t
    on e n ea ou a , a e on a au s an . n o s on es

    f rm rl y
    o t d i g t vill g e of T l O
    e s an t h b nd tr y d Tha a ou a . ne s on e as een es o e . e

    tw st o w r e b li v d t b th e i
    on es r ti of th d iti S i i d F i g
    e e e e o e n ca na on e e es s an a n aa .

    F i l l
    a oa a o .L we r F io [( pr d i g) ; l l
    o b l w ] Tr t r Hi h i f v il
    a a s ee ec e n a o, e o . ac n ea o,

    l ge o L i f k a i l d ( H )
    a n u s an .

    F i t I l
    a oa u a . d F l [ t i la d ] Tr t
    n an r Hi h i f vill a ge on L i f k a i l d
    a ca u a, n n . ac n ea o, u s an

    (H) .

    F a io h o m o h e . Th e ea ti g n of s up p e r [ fa i , r rm
    p e fo a n c e, e x ec ti u on ; o h om o h e , s up

    p er ] . Tr t ac n ea r P uk o t l a vill ge
    a , a on H i laano s a nd ( H ) — T u i H a a n gan a , l an d

    l rdo .

    P ip
    a Tr t
    a. r K p vill gac Kap i l d ( V )
    n ea a a, a e on a s an .

    F it
    a l T
    a va e . w r k w it h t o rd r [ f i t w rk ; f l w i t h t r d e r ] Tr t
    o o ou e a , o o a v a e, ou o . ac

    nea r T g m m vill g on Ni a fo u i l a d ( NF )
    a o, a e on ua o s an .

    F it
    a Th e
    e . i t itti g p t f T
    a n c en g w m w h i h o i t d of itti g
    s n o s ur e o on an o en , c c ns s e s n

    wit h b t h l g p ti lly d r th b d y a d fl x d t th k ee t it h r th e
    o e s ar a un e e o n e e a e n s o e e

    ri gh t th l ft B hor d tr t e r T l f u vill g
    e . To g t b
    ea c an ac n ea a a oo , a e on n a a u

    i l d ( T ) L k i l d l rd T h e b h t T l f
    s an —
    a ua ( w ti d i g ) i
    , an ll d
    o . ea c a a a oo u ne n s s ca e

    F it b c e h r e w m
    a e e a us t i f it f hi e w h c v ey i g w s f th e
    a o an sa n a e as on en on n ne o

    m r d r f th T i T g T k l
    u e o t hi e h il d r u I h v o e r
    on rd f th
    a a a a ua o s c en . a e n ec o o e

    pl i t d of F it e Th t m t l m t ll ;
    _

    ace m T l f it
    na e as a a a te n s ea a . e s e a a ean s o e
    ”

    h c e th
    en f ll m i g w l d b t t ll w h il itti g i f it f h i
    e u ea n n ou e o e e s n n a e as on .

    F it
    a k l li T
    oa r p th b rk f th
    a a . ri tr
    o sc a d eit wit h w t r t
    e a o e c a s ua na ee a n us e a e o

    dy th
    e h ir r dd i h c l r [ f i t d ; t
    e a a eri tr ; k l li t cr t ch ]
    s o o a , o o oa , c a s u a na ee a a , o s a .

    Tr t n r Ah vill g o T g t b u i l d ( T ) L i k l d l rd
    ac ea a u, a e n on a a s an —
    as e, an o .

    F it k l h l L r g
    a o a a b ryi g g r d [ f it k b ryi g g r d ; l h i l r g ] Tr a t
    . a e u n ou n a o a, u n oun a , a e . c

    n ear Hi h i f vill a g e o L i f k a i l d ( H ) A l o tr t
    o, r L ot f n ill g u s an . s ac n ea o oa , v a e on

    F i l
    oa d ( H) s an .

    F it k l h i Th p r f r m
    a o o a . w rk o f m ltit d
    e e f p p l e [ f i p r f rm
    o a n c e orc ; o a u u e o eo a , e o an e

    t k l h i m l tit d ]
    o o a Tr t
    , r Ni t u v ill g o T g t b i l d ( T )
    u e . ac n ea u ou a , a e n on a a u s an .

    F it
    a uu n
    g To m k af . d ti [ f i to d t a p rf rm t
    e a x t ; t g a
    ou n a on a , o, o e o , o e ec u e u un a,

    f ound ti ] Tr t a r H l f li ill g e
    on . V v u i l d ( V ) A fu H l
    ac n ea aa au u , v a on a a s an — a a au

    f li l
    u d l rd
    , Al an tr t r H l g v ill g
    o . Va v i l d ( V )
    so ac n ea o on a, a e on au s an .

    F i l
    a u u. T ti g r y [ f i ti g r y ; l t ] Tr t e r T fi i vill g
    en s n a s a , s n a u u, en . ac n a e s ,
    a e on

    V v i l d ( V ) L i l d l or d
    a au s an -
    ua n , an .

    F i
    a va va e.l S li m y ti g r y [ f i ti g r y ; a l li my ] Tr t a r P a g i vil
    s n a a , s n a v va e, s ac ne n a ,

    l g a Lif k
    e on i l d (H) u a s an .

    F k
    a l A yt h i g w h i h l
    a aa a. k b t at d i t
    n n Tra c t r H a l l vill g
    c oo s es a s an ce . n ea a a o, a e

    on T g t bu i l on d (T) a a s an .

    F k
    a h t h
    aa T d o a th i g o a .e rt i d y [f k
    o o a h t d o c rt i
    n d y ; on ne c a n a a aa o, o o n e a n a s

    t h a ]
    a, Tr t on e r V i p vill g . Ni ac t p t p i l d ( NT ) M t
    n ea a oa , a e on ua o u a u s an —
    an u,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    F k
    a h aa h T ua gr t m ku. i g l Tr t b tw e K l m il d
    o c a us e a ea s o e, as a s na . ac e en o o a e an

    T f i v ill g
    u uv a E ,
    i l d ( T ) O t h i tr t i it t th e m d P
    a e s on ua s an . n s ac s s ua e ou n on a

    hiv d a r it i th e p r
    an t r n ea c r P rh p th s m r e f r t th e es en ace ou s e . e a s e na e e s o

    g r t fi e b ilt p
    ea thr d e th f th e T i T
    u g T it t i i E
    u on Th
    e T i a o u on a u a u n ua . e u

    T g a s h l f br t h r F a i p l r t r i g t T ga t b u i l d fr m Fiji w
    on
    '
    a o e s a u e, e u n n o on a s an o , sa

    th e fi e d r lizi g t h t it m t h r l d
    r an ea v t of i m p rt a c p r c d d
    n a us e a an e en o n e, o ee e

    f rt h wit h t Eu w h r h e l r d of h i br t h r d e t h ’
    o o a, e e ea ne s o e s a .
    50 B ern ice P . B is hop M us e u m — B u lletin
    -
    V a h a i, l a nd o l rd . A l so tra c t n ea r Houma ,
    vill a g e on Ton ga ta b u i s la nd ( T)
    V a ea , l rd l a nd o .

    F k h k
    a a a T r mov e t h i g
    e. to f th e w t e r to th
    e h r Tr c t a r Ut n s ou o a e s o e . a ne un
    g k e v ill g e n Ut g k i l d ( V ) T it l d l or d A l o tra t e r Ng u
    a ,
    a o un a e s an —
    u a, an . s c n a a
    no h vill g
    o, Ut g k e i l d ( V )
    a e on un a s an .

    F k h k
    a a a g t enL di g pl a a u.f th b i t o [ f k h k to l d ; t b it o]
    an n ace o e on a a a e, an a u, on .

    C li fl th onw e th r h r f T g t b u i l d ( T )
    e a e s o e o on a a s an .

    F k h l
    a a T
    a u. rd r o t h r to e k fi h Tr c t
    o o e r Ui h a v ill ag on Uih a i l a d
    e s s e s . a n ea , e s n

    ( H) M l p —
    l an d l orda u o, .

    F k h
    a a il l T
    av it i a s tr o g w i d [ h
    . o il l
    s tro g w i d g l bl t ] T c t
    n n n av , s n n , a e, as . ra s

    r vill g g ta b u i l d (T) r K l u Nuk k T i V a k


    x

    n ea T a es on on a s an : n ea a aa , un u u— u a n o,

    l d l or d H o m V
    an , l d l ord H l l u a—d H f Al tr t
    a ea , O an , a a a o, an o oa . so ac on ua

    i l d ( H ) A l tr c t e r F l l a vill g e
    s an . so F i l d ( H)
    a Al tra c t n a a e o ,
    a on oa s an . so

    n ea r T u k iv l vill gane V v i l d ( V ) A l tr ac t e r F e l t o vill g


    a e, a e on a au s an . so n a e a, a e

    on V v u i l d ( V ) A l o tr a t n ea r V i p vill a g e o Ni a t op t p i s l d
    a a s an . s c a oa , n u u a u an

    ( NT ) M t —
    l d l or d as u, an .

    F k h k
    a a e T l d a v l Tr t o Mo g e i l d ( H )
    a. o oa es s e . ac n un a on s an .

    F k h k h k
    a a e To d c e i v e b y fl tt ry
    e e e . Tra c t r P a ga i vill ge on P g imotu
    e a e . n ea n , a an a

    i l d (V)
    s an .

    F k h lk
    a a T m ke a
    u. e d [f k o to m k e ; h i k
    a e d] Tr t n r M l po n a a, a u, n . ac n ea a a

    vill g e on T o g ta b i l d ( T ) P g i l d l r d A l tr t i N
    a n a u s an —
    an a, an o . so ac n avu

    t ok vill g To g ta b u i l d ( T ) Al tr t n a r F l v i vill age o K a p


    -

    a, a e on n a s an . so ac e a e a ,
    n a

    i l d ( V ) F k t l l l d l r d A l o tra c t r Ut i vill g V va u i l d
    ’

    —
    s an a a u o o, an o . s n ea u ,
    a e on a s an

    ( V ) V ik —
    e l e d l ord un , an .

    F k hi g
    a a Th n t p i li k e a fi h t il [ f k
    u. e to m a k
    o r mbli g ; h i g li k e a
    s s a a a, e, es e n n u,

    t il ] T h i m i g i fr m
    a . s i gl T o g i f r m t an d r m i
    ea n n s b o a s n e n an n o an e a ns u ns u

    t
    s an ti t d I l
    a d (H)
    e A. m ll i l d 6 5 f t h i g h
    s an . s a s an ee .

    F k h i il i T m k
    a a v p i t
    . Tr t
    o r M a vill g
    a e Ni f o i l
    a d ( NF )
    o n . ac n ea u , a e on ua o u s an .

    F k h k Ap p li c ti o Tr c t r K p ill g Kap i la d ( V )
    R d m p p li ti [ f k h k p p li ti ;
    a a o o. a n . a n ea a a, v a e on a s n .

    F k h k
    a a o onoa . an o r d m ] Tr c t
    a ca on a a o o, a ca on n oa , an o . a

    n e r Ha v k t l vill g e o T g t b u i l d ( T ) Ah me l d l rd
    aa a a o o, a n on a a s an —
    o e, an o .

    F k h t h
    a a o a Tra c t r V i p vill ge
    o. N i t op t p u i l d ( NT ) Maa t
    n ea a oa , a on ua u a s an —
    u,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    F k h
    a a l l T
    ua o o. t ck d l w r th e il i tr g w i d [ f k h to t ck a b ou t
    o a an o e sa n s on n a a ua , a

    i n ili g ; I l t l o w r th e a i l i tron g w i d ] Tr t n ar H ut u vill g


    sa n o o, o e s n s n . ac e a , a e

    o n To ga ta b u i l an d ( T )
    n s .

    F k ii i k
    a a T di
    o a.v e r fi h [ f k i | to d i v r ; i k fi h ] Tr t s n r M l p
    o sco s a a o, s co e a, s . ac ea a a o

    an d L p h vill g
    a a T g t b
    a ,
    i l d ( T ) Pan g i l d l rd Al o tr c t
    a es on on a a u s an —
    a, an o . s a

    n e r Ta k iv a l e vill g
    ua n e V v i l d (V) , a e on a au s an .

    F k k k i
    a a a P pl d
    a i h bit ed Vill g
    . eo H aa i l d ( H )
    e , n a . a e on no s an ,

    F k k l
    a a Lik
    o o a f rtr e
    .
    [f k li k e r e em bli g ; k l f rtre ] Tra c t ea r
    e o ss a a, , s n o o, o ss . n

    V i m l vill g
    a a o, V va i l d ( V ) a e on a u s an .

    F k k
    a a i C l m y
    ov .
    p r i d tr ac ti
    a u Tra t i Nga oh o vill ag
    n , as e s on , e on . c n un , e on

    V v u i l d (V)
    a a s an .

    F k l
    a a aa. E xp d to th e Tr t ea r vill g o T g t b i l d ( T )
    os e s un . ac s n a es n on a a u s an

    ne r H a v k t l Ah om aa l d l rd H t L g t em V ik e l d l rd
    a a o o— ee , an o , a u u, on o e— e un , an o .

    Al k i T i P l h k
    a —
    l d l rd d N i t
    u e e Al o tr ac t
    a e, r S i i vill ge oan o , an u oua . s n ea es a , a n

    N k u k m t
    u nu i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    u o u N m ks an i l a d ( H ) Al tr t . so ac on o u a s n . so ac

    n ea r M vill g e o Ni ua foou i l d ( NF )
    ua , a n s an .

    F k l l
    a a a o.A i t rc r Tr t n r L l t l i vill g e
    n n e ess o T g t b i l an d ( T )
    . ac ea o o e e, a on on a a u s .

    F k l
    a a a n ua . To d y e ( ord i g t tw T o g i for m t ) [ f k l a cc ri e ; n o o n an n an s a a a n u, ns a,

    li q i d ] Tr t
    u . r N k l f v ill g e ac T g t b
    n ea i l d (T) u ua o a , a on on a a u s an .

    F k l
    a t
    a a u a. To rr ge i rd e r Tra c t ea r Ah vill ge o To g t b u i l d
    a an n o . n au, a n n a a s an

    ( T ) L ei k
    —
    l an d l rd
    a a, o .
    Gi ffor d —
    Ton ga n P la ce Na m es 51

    F a k a la v a . To l i e l o gw y n a s . T r t ac n ea r L a p h ill g aTo a, v a e on n ga ta b u i l
    s and ( T)
    —
    Pan gi a , l d l o rd Al
    an . so tr a c t ne a r H v e l li k vill ge on
    a u u, a Ton ga ta b u i l s an d

    ( T) .

    F a k a la v a l a l o . Lo w r e F ak a lav a [ s ee fa k a l a v a ; a o , b e ow d own ] l l l , . T r tac n ea r


    L apa h a , v ill g a e on Ton ga ta b u s a n d ( T ) — P a n g a, an d o d i l i l l r .

    F a k a l a v e la v e . To d o at a v e t re n u . T r t L f
    ac g on o an a i l d ( H)
    s an .

    F a k a l e l e n ga . A c a n oe en tr c an e on a r f Tr t i
    ee . ac n F l t vill g
    e e oa , a e on Va v au

    i ls and ( V) .

    F a k a le l e v a To go i n
    . a s tr i gh t li
    a ne . A s ea c li ff n ea rF t a u mu ,
    vil l g a e on T g on a

    t b i l
    a u s an d ( ) T .

    F a k a lo fa . To s wi g r n ou n d by th e a rm . Tr c t a n ea r V ip a oa , vill ge a on Ni u a to ~

    p u ta p u il s a ndl rd ( NT ) — M a a tu , l and o .

    F k l
    a g a onT be q i t Tr c t
    o. r V t vill ge
    o T g t bu i lu e d (T) . a n ea a o uu , a on on a a s an

    T i V k u l d l rd A l tr t
    a an o, r Ui h vill g an Ui h i lo d (H) . so ac n ea a, a e on a s an

    M l p l d l rd Al tr t
    a u o, Ni f
    an i l d ( NF )
    o . so ac on u a oou s an .

    F k l t
    a T
    a o u v rt B h
    . th w t h r id f T g t b i l d ( T )
    o c on e . ea c on e ea e s e o on a a u s an .

    F k m
    a gi T
    a om
    aan fr m m d t y [ f k m m d ty ; gi t
    . o c m fr m ]
    e o o es a a a, o es an , o co e o .

    Tr a t r P k v ill g
    c n ea T g t b i l d ( T ) F h l d l rd A l tr t
    u e, a e on on a a u s an —
    o e, an o . so ac

    r L g t m vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) V i k
    n ea on o e e, l d l rd A l a e n on a a u s an —
    e une, an o . so

    tr t ac r H vill g
    n ea H i l d (H) T i H ga a no , l d l rd a e on a an o s an —
    u aan ana , an o .

    F k m f
    a a A b a h ua hr b d t d
    . y a d t k e p ig o
    us Pl or r s u use o ec o n a e ns . a ce on or n ea

    Mt K f . V v i l d ( V)
    a oa on a au s an .

    F k m h l
    a a To d a iv a o l f Tr t
    . r Uih ill g o Uih i l d
    ec e e on e s
    ’
    se . ac n ea a, v a e n a s an

    (H) M l p l d l rd A l o tr c t
    —
    a u r L t f vill g e
    o, an F i l d (H)
    o . s a n ea o o oa , a on oa s an

    T i P l h k
    u l d l rd A l tr t
    e e a r T e, vill gan V v i l d ( V)
    o . so ac n ea a a n ea , a e on a au s an

    V h i l d l rd
    —
    a a ,
    an o .

    F k m l m
    a a T a a t fl m Tr c t e r P uk t l vill g
    a. o caus e H i l d o a e . a n a o a a, a e on aano s an

    (H) T i H —
    g l d l rd
    u a an ana , an o .

    F k m l
    a a g Th a un h e lt ri g p l [f k m l
    a. to cr t
    e h d ] s Pl c e n ace a a a u, s e en , o s a e . a e on

    th w th r h r f T g t b i l d ( T )
    e ea e s o e o on a a u s an .

    F k m
    a gi
    a T anxp t br z Tr t
    . r L g t m v ill g e o T g
    o e os e o a ee e . ac n ea on o e e, a n on a

    t b i l d ( T ) V ik
    a u s an l d l rd ‘
    —
    e un e, an o .

    F k m
    a ga T m k an d y Tr t
    o. r N p p vill go aN p p ei l d (V) r . ac n ea ua a u, a e on ua a u s an .

    F k m
    a a i T a n us t b r h d Tr t. rH
    o caus e v ill g H i l d o e c us e . ac n ea a a n o, a e on a ano s an

    (H) T i H —
    g l d l rd
    u a an a na , an o .

    F k m t T h rp Tr t P k t l vill g H o i l d (H) T i -
    —
    a a a a. o s a en . ac n ea r u o a a, a e on aan s an u

    H g a an l d l rd ana, an o .

    F k m t m t
    a a Ta e b id Tr t a r F t m vill ge o T o g t b i l d
    e. o su s e . ac n ea a u u, a n n a a u s an

    (T) .

    F k m
    a a T t bli h Tr t
    au . r F o ill ge
    es a V v i l d (V) s . ac n ea ue , v a on a au s an .

    F k m li
    a a T p rp t
    e t pe
    no . Tr t r M t m k vill ge
    o e Nu p p
    e ua e ace . ac n ea a a a a, a on a a u

    i l d ( V)
    s an .

    F k m
    a im
    a i W ll
    en r M f g v ill g o T g t b i l d ( T )
    an . e n ea au an a, a e n on a a u s an .

    F l m h k i H
    a e o f th
    o m h k i tr
    o .
    [f l ho ; m h k i (C
    ou s e a g
    o d e o o o ee a e, us e o o o , an n a o o

    r t ) tr wit h v ry fr gr t fl w r ] C m t ry
    a a a ee r M f g vill g e o e a an o e s . e e e n ea au an a, a n

    T g t b
    on i sl d ( T )
    a a u an .

    F k m k
    a a T o d o it p rop rly
    o ou Tr c t
    . r U i h vill g e Ui h i l d ( H) e . a n ea a, a on a s an

    M l p l d l rd
    a u o, an o .

    F k m t
    a a T ut off to t r m i a t e
    o u. Tr c t
    o c r Uih vill ge U i h i l d ( H ) , e n . a n ea a, a on a s an

    M l p
    —
    l d l ord
    a u o, an .

    F k m
    a i T h l Pl
    a
    -
    ou . th w th r h r f T g t b i l d ( T )
    o ea . a c e on e ea e s o e o on a a u s an .

    F k m
    a aT a t th e g
    ua . tl m Tr c t
    o r F l h a vill ge o T ga t b u i l d
    c en e an . a n ea o a , a n on a s an

    (T) .
    52 B er n ic e P . B is hop M us e u m — B ulletin
    F a k a m u il a .
    iL k e th e en d of a s ai l
    [ fa k a , li k e ; m u i, end ; la , sa il ] .
    Tr c t
    a n ea r
    Ma t ik a a, v il vill g a e on Va au s and (V ) .

    F k
    a a n on
    g T m k e h lt r d H k
    a . o t m ak ; a
    g h lt e r d ] Tr c t e r
    s e e e a a, o e non a, s e e . a s n a
    H k me d N k l f vill g
    aa a an T g t bu i l u d ( T) ua o a , a es on on a a s an .

    F k
    a f f
    a o oo a . B ti f l Tr t n K k p l vill g
    eau u T g t b
    . i l d (T) ac ear a no u o u, a e on on a a u s an .

    F k
    a g m i T o a w it th e bri g i g
    aon o a . f mm d [f k gm t a w a it c m n n o co an s a a on o a o
    m d ; m i t bri g ]
    an s Tra c t n e r T k i vill g
    a , o T o g ta b n i l d (T)
    . a ee u, a e on n a u s an
    —
    M t p k o ua l d l rd ua a, an o .

    F k
    a p ao To d ri v e
    e. p it h th e m rk i e rt i g m or Tr t on H g c on a n c a n a es . ac un a
    i l d ( V ) F l i i l d l rd
    s an —
    u va , an o .

    F k
    a if
    a os T fi i h fa t i g p th h ir [ f k i to fi i h ; f
    a u. o n s to f t e
    s en n up u e a a a os , n s a u, as n
    th h ir ]
    e Tr t
    a O k . i l d (V) ac on va a s an .

    F k
    a ik t
    a os T fi i h a o. b k t [ t k i t fi i h ; k t a b k t ] Tr t o
    o n s a as e a ac s , o n s a o, as e . ac n
    H f a a ev a i l d ( H ) T h t k l d l rd s an —
    uu e o a, an o .

    F k p i
    a a T o p t u p ri g h t
    a a. Tr t o Ni t op t p u i l d ( NT ) Ta gi p l a d
    u . ac n ua u a s an —
    n a, n »

    l or d .

    F k p l
    a a L ik
    a e. a p riz e [ f k lik ; p l p riz ] Tr t ea r P g i vill g n
    e a a, e a e, e . ac n an a , a e o
    L if k a i l u d (H) s an .

    F k p l
    a a T m k a p t [f k
    e e. o t m ke; p l a p t]
    e Tr c t on E ik i i l d
    e a a, o a e e, a e . a ue s an

    ( T) .

    F k p
    a a T
    e n a u. b e b gr d g d T h i m i g w as g i v by
    o e i gl T g i
    u e . s ea n n en a s n e on an n

    f rm o t a d r m i
    an b t ti t d Tr t
    n e r Ot a ns vill g K pa
    un s u s an a e . ac n ea ea , a e on a

    i l d (V)
    s an .

    F k p t
    a a T
    o u. d iv i d i to p c o Tr t e r F g l o g v i ll g e n F s a es . ac n a an a e un a, a e on oa

    i l d ( H ) Ni k p l d l r d
    s an —
    u a u, an o .

    F k
    a i
    as as i L ik h r h [f k
    . li k ; i i ch r h ] Tr c t
    e a c u c r H t ih vil a a, e s as , u c . a n ea aa e o,

    l g a T
    e on g t b i l d ( T ) T i H t i ho l d l rd
    on a a u s an —
    u aa e ,
    an o .

    P k f f
    a a To go a i d
    a a. Tr t r H a t f vill g s T g t b
    e . i l d (T) ac n ea a a u, a e on on a a u s an .

    A l o tr s t o T g i l d ( H ) T i H t i h l d l rd
    ac n un ua s an -
    u aa e o, an o .

    Th e d r i i g p l dr i ] Tr c t i l d
    -

    F k t f
    a a a en g a . [f k t f t a n n T g ace a e a e, o a n . a on un ua s an

    ( H ) T i H t ih -
    u l d l rd aa e o, an o .

    F k t
    a a ang t M ly Tr t i N k l of vill a g
    a a . an T.
    g t b i l d (T) ac n u ua a, e on on a a u s an .

    F k t
    a l f
    a a ua o a T try t h w m r y [ f k t t try ; l f t h w m r y ]
    . o o s o e c a a a u, o a oo a , o s o e c

    Tr t a r K l v i vill g
    ac ne T g t bu i l
    o o d (T) a At l d l rd
    , a e on on a a s an —
    a, an o .

    F k t
    a a eep k T p r p r e th
    ua a p d
    . o d p g l e v f w vi g m t s
    e a e an a nus an a on o a es or ea n a

    lit r ll y t m k li k e p i g d r p p i g H k t m k li k e ; t d g f an i m l
    e a , o a e o n s a a, o a e e e, un o a s ,

    p k
    ua p i g] a, Tr c t o Ni u f .i l d ( NF ) F t fll i l d l rd
    a n a o ou s an —
    o o , an o .

    F k t f
    a a e aa hi T c e . d b o bl t li ftr un rry t h m [ f k t t
    ano s an e a e o or ca e a a e, o r un

    c ; f
    a n oe s hi t b e bl t li ft
    aa ,
    rry ] Tr c t
    o r P vill g e a T g e o or ca . a n ea ea , a on on a

    t b i l d ( T ) L v k l d l rd
    a u s an —
    a a a, an o .

    F k t f To e m bl t g t h r Tr c t Haa f i l d ( H ) T h etok a,
    -
    a a e ua . as s e o e e . a on ev a s an uu

    l d l rd Al tr t e r Uih a vill a g o Uih i l d ( H ) M l p l d


    an o . so ac n a , e n a s an —
    a u o, an

    l rd
    o .

    F k t h
    a a e l i P rt aa a f a r m y fr m A l i (
    . a pl e) o Tra t i L t fo vill g
    an o a a ac . c n o o a, a e

    o Fn i l oa d (H) s an .

    F k t f
    a a oa a . T ltiv t w h t w o cu w t l d Tra t e r M t m k v il
    a e a as onc e as e an . c n a a a a a,

    l ga e N p pu i l
    on d ( V) ua a s an .

    F k t f
    a a o u. T e bl w i g ; oto d i w ay
    c ea s th wi d Tra t n r F l m a
    o n e a , as e n . c ea e e e ,

    v ill g e o Uih i l d ( H )
    a n a s an .

    L i k e a br t h r ( i t e r ) H k li k e ; t k m brot h r '
    F k t k
    a a o oua . o e or s s a a, o o na , an s e ,

    w om i t er ] Tr t n a r T ok omol ol v ill a ge
    an s
    ’
    s s . T g ta b i l d ( T)
    ac e o, on on a u s an
    '

    M f l an d l o r d
    a a u, .
    54 B er nice P . B is hop M us eum — B u lletin
    F a la futa . ich
    b oa s t ed a b ou t [ f l mat ; f t to b as t ] Tr c t a r
    A ma t w h is a a, u a, o . a ne
    K l vill ge on
    o oa , i l d (V)a K ol oa s an .

    P l it
    a a Di p l
    a. i g m t [ f l m t ; it d i p l e r ] Tr c t n r K ol ov i vil
    s ea s n a a a, a a, s asu e . a ea a ,

    l g o T g t b i l a d ( T ) A t l d l rd
    a e n on a a u s n —
    a, an o

    Ri p p d
    .

    F l l
    a a e u. [f l p e d ; I
    an ri p e ] Tr t i N i f vill ge
    an us a a, an a n us e u, . ac n e a u, a
    on V v i l d ( V ) S id t b e
    a au s an Uv m e b t w d b y Uv
    . a e xil o an ea n na es o e ea n es .

    F l i
    a a n s e. Fr Tr t r H ak m e v ill g
    ance . To g t b u i l
    ac d (T)
    n ea a a , a e on n a a s an .

    F l
    a a s e. A T g d ( m e k e ) i w h i h ti k
    on an a nce d T ct r T k n c s c s a re us e . ra n ea o o
    m l l o o o,vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) M fu l d l rd A l tr t
    a e n on a a H u s an —
    aa , an o . so ac on aa
    fe i l d ( H ) T h t k l d l rd A l tr c t
    ya s an -
    uu L of g i l
    e o d (H) a, an o . so a on an a s an .

    P l
    a au li A d irty m t [ f l m a t ; l i d irt y ] Tr t n r F l v a i vill g e on
    . a a a, u , . ac ea a e , a
    K p i l d ( V ) F k t l l l d l rd
    a a s an —
    a a u o o, an o .

    F l t
    a ea a a . Pl ty f p [f l en pl ti f l ; t p c ] P l
    o s ace on T g ta b ua ea , en u a a, s a e . ace on a

    i l s and (T) O th w t h r h or
    . n e ea e s e .

    P l
    a es k H a. r t d i th ou s e rt h [ f l h oo e ; k t t k nr t i th e rt h ] e ea a e, ou s e a a, o a e oo n e a .

    Tr t ac r Ah vill g o Ni f u i l d ( NF ) F t fi l i l d l r d
    n ea a u, a e n u a oo s an —
    o o , an o .

    F l
    a ea l il i Ho . f g r [f l h e; us e o f ; li l i an g r ] Tr c t
    e K t u i l an d
    a e, ou s a, o , an e . a on o s .

    F l
    a ea ul p M y l p fi h [f l m y; l p
    o an u m ll fi h ]
    o s Tr t r H a ea, an u o, a s a s ac n ea ou
    .
    .

    m vill g
    a, T g t b
    a i l d (T) V
    e on l d l rd
    on a a u s an —
    a ea , an o .

    F l f
    a e a. M y p d tr
    an [f l h an b t h r an us i th f e es m r a e, ous e, u e e n e s en s e o nu e ou s ,

    t h f rm i g h lt r li k
    us o h n ; f s p ed ] e Tr c t o F if i l d e a ou s e a. an anus . a n on o ua s an

    ( H) T i Afi t —
    l d l r d Al tr t
    u u, r T an vill g o V v u i l d ( V )
    o . so ac n ea a oa , a e n a a s an .

    F l f t
    a e a a. C rri d h o [f l a h ; f t
    e t rry ] Tr t
    us e Of i l d (V)
    a e, ou s e a a, o ca . ac on u s an
    —
    T i L k p u l d l rd A l tr c t
    a e a, r L g m p vill g o V v i l d
    an o . so a n ea on o a u, a e n a au s an

    ( V ) V e ik -
    l d l rd un e, an o .

    F l f
    a e a u. Ho f h ibi w d [f l
    us e h
    o ; f tr Hibi
    s cus ti l i e ]oo a e, ou s e a n, a e e, s c us ac us .

    Tr t r v ill g
    a c s n ea T g t b i l d (T) a es ar K on k p l K l v i At on a a u s an : ne a no u o u, o o a —
    a,

    l d l rd M f g F k f
    an o , l d l rd V i i M f l d l r d Al tr t
    a u an a —
    a a a n ua , an o , a n fi
    aa u, an o . so ac

    n ea r F gl g v ill g
    an F
    a e ou n i l d ( H ) Ni k p l d l r d Al tr c t
    a, a e on oa s an —
    u a u, an o . so a

    n ea r H v ill g e a ano, H i l d (H) aT i H g on l d l rd a ano s an —


    u aa n an a , an o .

    F l fi l i m t
    a e H th t h
    o o . th b d [f l h
    ou s e ; fi li t
    a ho
    c ; m t
    oo s e s e u s a e, ou s e , o c os e o o,

    b d ] S cl i fl o V v i l d ( V )
    u s . ea n a au s an .

    F l f
    a e oo u N w h .
    [f l h e ; f w]
    ou s e Tr t i N k l f vill g
    a e, ou s e o o u, ne . ac n u ua o a, a e
    on T g t b
    on i l d (T) a a u s an .

    F l f
    a e us i B . h e [f l anan ah ; f i g ri t rm f ll b a ] Tr c t
    ous a e, ou s e us , en e c e or a an na s . a

    on H g i l d ( V ) F l i i l d l rd
    un a s an —
    u va , an o .

    F l h
    a e H o e of th r l r [ f l h
    a u. us ; h r i g i g h i f] Tr c t
    e u e r P ko a e, ou s e a u, e n n c e . a n ea u

    t l v ill g
    a a, H i l d ( H) T i H g
    a e on aano l d l r d A l v ill g s an —
    u aan ana, an o . so a e on

    Ni t p t p i l d ( NT )
    F l h li i R
    ua o u a u s an .

    a e o d d h
    s . [ f l ho ee ; h li i t re d a h
    e ous e e] Tr ct T a e, g a us e o s , o e ou s . a on un u

    i l d ( H ) T i H t ih l d l rd
    R d h e [ f l h ; k h d ] Tr c t r L t f v ill g
    s an -
    u aa e o, an o .

    F l k h
    a e a o. ee ou s a e, ous e a o, r ee . a n ea o o oa , a e on

    F oa i l d (H) s an .

    F l k i Di i g r
    a e a . m Tr t i N k l f v ill g
    n n oo . T g t b i l d (T)
    ac n u ua o a , a e on on a a u s an .

    Th it f th p r m i er fii c
    e s e o e e
    ’
    s o e .

    F l k f
    a e B mb o h
    o e. [f l a h ; k f
    o b m b ] Tr t
    ou s e r vill g o a e, ous e o e, a oo . ac s n ea a es n

    T ong t b i l d (T)
    a a u r F i V h i l d l rd M l p L p h P gi
    s an : n ea ou —
    a a , an o ,
    a a o, a a a— an a,

    l d l rd Al tr t
    an o . H g i l a d ( V ) F l i i l d l r d Al tr t i
    so ac on un a s n —
    u va , an o . so ac n

    Ut g k e vill g
    un a Ut g k e i l
    ,
    d (V)
    a e Al ontr c t r H l g v ill g
    un a s an . so a n ea o on a, a e

    on V v i l d (V ) a au s an .

    F l k i
    a e o on
    g Th h o f a w iti g th e c m i g
    a. e f [f l
    ou s e h ; k l g t a n o n o a e, ou s e o on a, o

    a w it th e c mi g f] Tr t
    a o H f n i l d ( H ) T h t k l d l rd
    o . ac on a a ev a s an —
    uu e o a, an o .

    Al sol di g o an e r Mt K f n V v i l d (V)
    n or n a . a oa , a au s an .
    Gi ffor d — Tonga n P la c e Na m es 55

    . r
    L a ge h ous e [ fa l e , h o u s e ; a hi , a g e ]
    F a l e l a hi l l r . r c t ea r K l vai vill ge
    T a n o o , a on

    Ton ga ta b u s a n d ( T ) — A ta , a n d o d i l A so l l r . l tr t e r H ol p k vill g
    ac n a o e a, a e on

    i l
    L fuk a i s a n d ( H ) — T u i A fi tu , a n d o d A so l l r . l tr c t O k
    a i l d (V ) Al
    on va a s an . so

    tr c t
    a on O fu i l
    s a nd l rd ( V ) — T ui L a k e p a , l an d o .

    F l l l
    a e a a va . H b d wit h ous e it c r d [ f l h e ; I l
    oun t bi d wit h
    s enn o a e, ou s a ava, o n s en
    n it rd ] Tra t
    co . rT d N i f c s v ill g e
    n ea V v i l d ( V)
    a oa an e a u, a on a au s an .

    F l l
    a e oa . D rk h [f l
    a h e; l d rk
    ous e ] V ill ge
    a e, F a i l ou sd ( H) oa , a n es s . a on o s an .

    F l l fi
    a e o C v r d h
    a .
    [f l
    o h e e; I fi t v r t v er p r e d ] Tra c t
    ou s e a e, ou s e o a, o co e , o o s a . on

    O a i l
    u d (H)s an .

    F i l t
    a e o o. C t rh [f l
    en e h ; l t e t r]
    ou s e Tr t e N k hi t l u vill g
    a e, ou s e o o, c n e . ac n ar u u u ,
    a e

    on T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) A l o tr t
    a a u s an rH vill g o H . i l d ( H)
    s ac n ea a a n o, a e n a an o s an

    T i H a g
    —
    u l d l rd
    a n ana, an o .

    F l m m
    a e a g H e of m m g h r b [ f l h
    an e . ou s ; m m a g hr b]
    an Tr c t
    e s u a e, ou s e a an e, a s u . a

    n ear M f g vill g a u an T g t b a, i l d ( T) F k f a e on l d l rd on a a u s an —
    a a a nua , an o .

    F l m t
    a e gi W i d y h
    a an . [f l h ; m t
    n gi w i d ]
    ou s e Tr t r H v l
    a e, ou s e a an , n . ac n ea a e u

    li k v ill g
    u, T g ta b
    a e i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    on on a r L v g t g v ill g
    u s an . so ac n ea a en a on a, a e

    on T g t b on i l d (T) a a u s an .

    P l m
    a a Des c h .
    [f l
    an h e; m
    e dou s e c ] Tr t a e, r H aa v ill g o ou s e e, an e . ac n ea no, a e n

    H a an o i l d (H) s an .

    F l m i H
    a e e . of br d fr it w
    ou s e d [f l h ; m i br e d fr it ]
    ea u Tr t i oo a e, ou s e e , a u . ac n

    P ea , v ill g T ag t b i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    e on on a a r Ni t o u v ill gs an . so ac n ea u ua , a e

    o n T g t bon i l d ( T ) Al
    a a u h r g s an t H i l d ( H ) Al o tr t
    . so an c o a e a aan o s an . s ac

    n ear T vill g a oa , V v i l d ( V ) Al tr t a e on ar S p t vill gau s an . so ac n ea a aa a , a e on

    Ni f u a oou i l an d ( NF ) s .

    F l m il
    a e H o. f m il wous ed [f l h o e ; m il otr ( T h p ioo a e, o us o, a ee es es a

    Tr t ac r F t l v ill g
    n ea Ni f
    a a u ua , i l d ( NF ) a e on u a oou s an .

    F l i H
    a en u . f c t w d [f l h
    o us e o ; i
    oc onu c c t ] Tr t e r K oo a e, ou s e n u, o on u . ac n a an o

    k p l
    u o u,vill g T g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    a e on on r H v el vill g e o
    a a u s an . so ac n ea a u, a n

    T ong t b i l d ( T ) F i l k p l d l rd Al tr t
    a a u s an —
    r Hi h i fo vill g
    e a e a, an o . so ac n ea ,
    a e on

    Lif k u i l d ( H)
    a s an .

    F l l H
    a eo o . f i g [f l h
    ou s e o ; 1 t
    e n s n ar n r ] Tr t o O k a e, ou s e 0 0, o en s n a e . ac n va a

    i l d (V)
    s an .

    F l
    a e o n e. H f d [f l
    ou s e o h e; s an d] T t r P g i vill g
    a e, ou s o ne , san . ra c n ea an a ,
    a e on

    Lif k u i l d ( H)
    a s an .

    F l
    a eon o S ix h . [f l h ; ou s e si x] Vill g a e, V v i l d (V) ou s e o n o, s . a e on a au s an .

    F l
    a e os i il n H f S i ll
    au .
    [f l h ou s e ; o f ; S i ll n g d] Tr t e r
    an a e, ou s e 0, o n a n, a o . ac n a

    T ua n ek iv l vill g V v i l d ( V)
    a e, a e on a au s an .

    F l pi
    a e H u. f f p lm w
    ous e d [f l o ho ; pi
    a n- a f p l m ( P rit c h r d i oo p ci a e, us e u, an- a a a a

    fi ca)l Tr t i N i f v ill g
    . ac V v i l d ( V)
    n e a u, a e on a au s an .

    F l i l
    a es a e H f g rd
    . i [ f l h o ; i l g r d i ] Tra t
    ou s e o a en a s r P g i a e, us e s a e, a en a . c n ea an a ,

    vill g a Lif k
    e i l d (H) S
    on u m d b a s an f m y g rd i gr wi g
    . o na e e c a us e o an a en a s o n

    th r e e .

    F l i
    a e s u. P l c t w it th a r t r f th fi h rm
    e o a Tr t e r P t i vill g
    e u n o e s e an . ac n ea e an , a e on

    Ni f u a oou i l d ( NF ) s an .

    F l t
    a e aa H e f th t fi h [ f l h
    . ou s o ; t e fi h]
    aa Tr c t s Of l g a e, ou s e aa, a s . a on o an a

    i l d (H)
    s an .

    F l t k f l
    a e a H a a u f t k f l . w d [f l h
    ou s e o ; t k f l a a tr e ]
    a a u Tr t r oo a e, ou s e a a a u, e . ac n ea

    L im t
    e v ill g
    a ua , V v i l d ( V ) F t l d l rd
    a e on a au s an -
    o u, an o .

    F l t
    a e a n u. C l d h e [f l h
    on c ea e ; t t ou s
    o c l] Tr t r Ah
    a e, ou s e a n u, o c n ea . ac n ea au,

    v ill g ea Ni fo i l d ( NF ) F t fil i l d l rd
    on ua ou s an —
    o o , an o .

    F l t p
    a e a C cr t d h
    u. on s e[f l h ; t p
    a e o e r t d]
    ou s e Tr t rFa e, ou s e a u, c ns c a e . ac n ea uaa

    m t o u, vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) T g i l d l rd A l o tr t
    a e n on a a u r s an —
    un , an o . s ac n ea

    F t o ua , vill ge F i la d ( H) T i P l h ak
    on oa l d l rd A l o tra t d
    s an —
    u e e e, an o . s c an
    S6 B ern ice P . B is hop M us eu m — B u lletin
    r r vill g
    fo m e a e n ea r Lo t o fo a , vill g e a on F oa i l
    s and ( H) . A l so tr a c t i n Ho l ga
    on ,

    vill g o V va e n a au is l an d (V ) .

    F l t H e
    e e oa . ous o f ca s u a ri na w oo d [ fa l e , h ou s e ; to a , c a s u a ri na tree ( C as ua ri n a
    Tr t ac n ea r Lo t o fo a , vill ge F i l d
    a on oa s an (H) . A l so tr tac
    n ea r Nga u n oh o , vill g a e on Utu n ga k e i l d (V)
    s an .

    F a l e to l u . Th r
    [ fa e , h ou s e ; to ee h ou s e s l l t h r e ] Tr t n r N
    u, e . ac ea u k u a ofa , l vill g a e

    on T on ga ta b u i s a n d ( ) l T .

    F a l e t o n go H
    ous e o f m a n g o e w oo d [ fa
    . l h e ; t g m gr v ] T ct r v
    r e, ou s on o, an o e . ra n ea

    V t a o uu , vill ge To g t b i la d ( T) T i V k
    a on l d l or d A l tr t n a a u s n —
    u a an o , an . so ac

    n r F mot u vill g
    ea ua a T g t b i l d ( T ) T g i l d l rd
    , a e on on a a u s an —
    un , an o .

    F l t
    a e oo n g H of rit a .[f l h ; t
    ou s e g rit ] Tr c t a r L ap h es a e, ou s e oo n a, es . a ne a a,

    vill g a T ri g t b
    e i l an d ( T ) P g i l d l rd Th it f th t mp l
    on o a a u s —
    an a, an o . e s e o e e e

    f th
    o g d P l t e K t o u o u a oa .

    F l t ip p i H s l id t i rd r [ f l h o ; t i p l d ; p p l l a id o t
    rd r ] Th v lt i wh i h i b ri d Ki g J i h T p ( Al m ot ) i
    a e u a a . ous e a ou n o e a e, us e u , a ce a a , u

    in o e . e au ,
    n c s u e n os a u ou ea ua ,
    n

    th e cem t ry M l l e e r N k l f vill g T g t bu i l
    a a e a oa d ( T) n ea u ua o a , a e on on a a s an .

    F l
    a e ua . Two h [f l h ; tw ]
    ou s e s Tr t r H k il i v ill g e
    a e, T g ou s e ua , o . ac nea aa ,
    a on on a

    t b i l d ( T ) A l o tr t
    a u s an K l ov i vill g . T g t b s i l d (T) ac n ear o a , a e on on a a u s an

    At a,l d l rd an o .

    F i
    a eu hi H .f hi hr b [f l
    ou s e h ; hi
    o tr g m lli g s h r b ( E
    u s u s a e, ou s e u , a s on s e n u ,
    vo

    di a Tr t e r Uih vill ge Ui h i l d ( H ) M l p l an d
    ac n a a, a on a s an —
    a u o,

    l r d Al o tr c t e r H a o vill g e
    o . s H o i l d ( H ) T i H an g
    a n a an ,
    a on aan s an —
    u a ana ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    F l
    a eu l i D irt y h .
    [f l h ; l i d irty ] Tra c t n r M l p o vill ge o
    ou s e a e, ou s e u , . ea a a , a n

    T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) A l tr t e r L p h vill g o T g t b i l d
    a a u s an . so ac n a a a a, a e n on a a u s an

    ( T ) P gi —
    l d l rd an a, an o .

    F l v i W t r h
    a e a . [f l ha e e; i w t r] Tr c t
    ou s e L g t m vill g
    a e, ou s va , a e . a n ear on o e e, a e

    on T g t b on i l d ( T ) V ik e l d l rd A l vill g e
    a a u s an K p i l d (V) —
    e un , an o . so a on a a s an .

    F l
    a e va it h i F l v i a r th ea [ f l i
    . a e b v ; t hi
    a n ea ] Tra t ea r e s a ev a , s ee a o e a , s ea . c n

    F l v i vill g o K p i l d ( V )
    a e a , a e n a a s an .

    F l i l ik i
    a a Tr t .r T l vill g o V v u i l d ( V )
    ac n ea ou a , a e n a a s an .

    F li k i Fl
    a .ri g Tr t o Ni f u i l d ( NF ) F i t l d l r d
    oo n . ac n u a oo s an —
    us ua , an o .

    F lili P w r f l
    a . Tr t o F otuh i l d ( H )
    o e u . ac n aa s an .

    P ll
    a ua .T o wi p th e h i d p rt s f tw o i f e t [ f li t w ip th e h i d p rt f
    n a o n an s a , o e n a s o an
    i f t;
    n an tw ] Tr c t ua , r F l h vill a g o T.
    g ta b i l d (T)
    a n ea o a a, e on on a u s an .

    F l
    a oe h T l r ge th k i gd m [ f l t tr t h o t ;
    a u. o en a by ; h e q r r] n o a a, o s e c u e, a u, c on ue e .

    Tr t ac r Ta f i vill g o V v i l d ( V )
    n ea e un ,
    a e n a au s an .

    F l h
    a u S m th i g t h t i
    a . o i b d e Tr c t
    n r Ulb vill g a Uih s n a un ance . a n ea a, a e on a

    i l d ( H ) M l p l d l r d A l tr c t o N i a f i l d ( NF )
    q i k ly Tr t r Ui h v ill g Uiha i l d
    s an —
    a u o, an o . so a n u oou s an .

    F l l l
    a u e e. S m th i g th t g o e n a oe s u c . ac nea a, a e on s an

    (H) M l p —
    l d l rd a u o, an o .

    F m k i T
    a o r h f f d d a t it [ f t f l ft r yt h i g ; m
    a . o ea c or oo d; k i an e a, o ee a e an n o, a n a ,

    to t]
    ea Tr t r Uih vill g o Uih i l d ( H ) M l p l d l r d A l
    . ac nea a, a e n a s an —
    a u o, an o . so

    tr t ac r P k t l vill g
    n ea H aa i l d ( H ) T i H g
    u o a a, l d l rd a e on no s an —
    u aan a na , an o .

    F m t
    a o u Br k .p d tr [ f p d
    o en tr ; m t br k ] Tr c t o
    an a nus ee a, an a n us ee o u, o en . a n

    N i f ou i l a d ( NF )
    ua o s n .

    F m t f l
    a o u a e. Br k p d ho [f o p d u ; m t
    en brok ; f l h
    an ]
    an u s us e a, an an s o u, en a e, ou s e .

    Tr t ac r F t l n ea vill g o Ni f i l
    a a u ua ,d ( NF ) a e n u a oou s an .

    Fa na k M t of k v [ f
    a va . m t f a ve
    as l ] Tr t e r T k i v ill age o
    a a ana, as o sse . ac n a ee u, n

    T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) M t p k l d l rd Al
    a a u s an t a r y f th g d —
    o ua ua a, an o . so sanc u o e o

    Fi t
    nau a uik r L p h vill g u T
    nea g t b i l d (T) a Al tr t
    s a, a e on on a a u s an . so ac n ea r

    T l f a a o ou , vill g T g t b i l d ( T ) L k i l d l r d Al tr c t n
    a e on on a a u s an —
    a ua ,
    an o . so a o

    T un
    g i l d ( H ) T i H t i h l d l rd A l tr a c t e r Uih vill g e
    ua s an .
    —
    u aa e o, an o . so n a a, a on

    Ui h i l a d (H) M l p
    s an l d l rd A l tr t r Lot of vill g o F
    —
    a u o, an o . so ac nea oa , a e n oa
    58 B er n ice P . B is hop M us eum— B ull etin
    F a n ga k o k a . L a nd i g pl
    n a ce it
    w h k ok a ee s [ fa n ga , tr l an d i ng p l a ce ; kok a, a tree
    ( B i s c h oifi a T ra c t
    on O fu or O k oa s i l a nd ( V ) — T ui L a k ep a ,
    la nd

    l rd
    o .

    F a n ga ia h l r ea t l d i g p l c e [ f g l a d i g p l ce ; l h i g rea t ] Tr t e r
    . G an n a an a, n n a a , . ac n a

    K o l om i l vill g
    a E
    e, i l d ( T ) A l tr c t e r V e it go vill g e
    a e on ua s an . so a n a on ,
    a on

    T g t b
    on a ai l d ( T ) A l tr c t n r H i v i ll g
    u s an . T g ta b u i l
    so d (T) a ea o , a e on on a s an .

    Al sotra t a r S l i a ill g c ne N k k m ot
    es i l d ( T ) Al o tr c t o
    , v a e on u un u u u s an . s a n

    N m ko i l d ( H ) Al o tr t
    u a s an Kap i la d ( V )
    . s ac on a s n .

    F an g l k il k i L
    a e d i g pl
    e . t w h i c h t h r e a e l ek i l k i tr
    an n ace [f g a l di g e r e e es an a, an n

    pl ace; l k il k i e p i f tr ] Tr c t
    e , a s r M f g v ill g
    e c es o To g t b ee . a n ea au an a, a e on n a a u

    i l d ( T ) F k i n l d l rd
    s an -
    a a sa a, an o .

    F an g l l a e e Th g rc
    . m t h of
    e su b k t tr p [ f g th m t h f a b a k t
    a an e ou a as e a an a, e ou o s e

    tr p ; l l a k i d of g r c e ] T r t o Ni f o i l d ( NF )
    a e e, n su a an . ac n ua o u s an .

    F an g l a e o ung L di g pl a. e o f th an d f ryi g [ f
    n g ac l di g pl e ; l e s oun o c n an a, an n ac eo.

    s ou n d; g t c y]
    un Vill g e o F i l d ( H )
    a, o r . a n oa s an .

    F an g l a e o ung l l L w r F g l
    a a o. g [l l o b l w d ow b
    e an t h ] Tr c ta eou n r a a o, e o ,
    n, en ea . a n ea

    L g m p vill g e
    on o a V v
    u, i l d ( V ) V ik
    a on l d l rd a au s an —
    e un e , an o .

    F an g l a eo u ng t I l d F
    a u a.g l g [ t i
    n an l d ] T r c t an ar Lo g m p a e ou n a u a, n an . a ne n o a u,

    vill g a e V v u i l d ( V ) V ik
    on a a l d l rds an —
    e un e , an o .

    F an g l p a e L di g pl c
    a. t w h i h t h re
    an n e l p a tr a e [f g a l di g pl ; c e ar e e es an a, an n a ce

    l pe a, p cia f tr
    s ] e Tr t es r N k k vill g o To g t b i l d
    o ee . ac n ea u un u u, a e n n a a u s an

    ( T ) T i V k o l d l rd
    —
    u aA l o tr c t
    an ,N m k an i l d ( H ) Al tr c t
    o . s a on o u a s an . so a on

    T g i l d ( H ) T i H t i h l d l r d A l o tr t
    un us s an —
    u r F l t o vill ge
    aa e o, an o . s ac n ea e e a, a

    o nV v i l d ( V ) F li i l d l rd
    a au s an —
    u va , an o .

    F an g l i k i S m ll l
    a . di g pl [f g
    a l d i g p l c e ; Ii k i a bbr v i ti
    an n ace f li k i an a, an n a ,
    e a on o

    li k i m ll d i v i i
    , s a f l d] Tr c t s on s At t i l d ( T ) At l d l r d A l
    o an . a on a a s an —
    a, an o . so

    i l t o Vav i l d ( V ) O
    n e n au rt h i d f V v h rb r
    s an . n no s e o a au a o .

    F an g l ik a L d i g pl
    u. o anth w t h r h r e [ f g l d i g p l ; li k
    n ac e n e ea e s o an a, an n a ce u,

    w t h r h r ] Tr t e r H
    ea e s o e vill g o H
    . ac i l n d ( H)a T i H aa a a n o, a e n a an o s an —
    u n

    g ana , l d l rd an o .

    F an g l a oa .D rk l di g pl c a [f g l d i g p l c ; l d rk
    an n a p r ec d i g
    e an a, an n a e oa , a n es s e n a

    s q ll ] Tr c t
    ua . H fe i l d ( H ) T h e t k a l d l rd A l o tr c t
    a on aa va s an r —
    uu o , an o . s a n ea

    P g i vill g
    an a ,
    Lif k i l d ( H ) A l tr t e r F l l vill g
    a e on u a s an F . so ac n a a e oa , a e on oa
    i l d (H)
    s an .

    F an g l a ong N t r ll y p
    on oa. f l l di g pl
    a u a [f g l di g pl ; I g
    ea c e u an n a ce an a, an n ace on o,

    p c f l;
    ea e u d i g ed ] B h
    n oa , u n r L p h vill g o T g t b i l d
    es n . ea c n ea a a a, a e n on a a u s an

    F an g l t a o o D p . h r g (l di g pl
    ee anc ) [f g o a l d i g pl ; l t d p ]
    e an n ace an a, an n ace o o, ee .

    Tra t c r F l h vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    n ea o a a, a e r T efi i
    n on a a u s an . so ac n ea s ,

    v ill g o V v
    a e i l d ( V ) L i l d l rd
    n a au s an —
    uan ,
    an o .

    F an g m t a Ba a d ry l . d i g pl ou n [f g l d i g p l ; m t b d ry ]
    an n ace an a, an n ace a a, ou n a .

    Tr t ac r P k t l vill g
    n ea Ha
    u i l d ( H ) T i H g a l d l rd
    o a a, a e on an o s an —
    u aan an , an o .

    P an g m i a C li ff l
    a di g pl
    o. [f g l di g pl an ; m t
    n dg o b
    ace d ry f an a, an n ace a a, e e r oun a o

    a h i gh p r p di l r r k ] Tr t i N i f v ill g
    e en cu a oc V v i l d ( V) . ac n e a u, a e on a au s an .

    F an g m a L ea di g pl c
    . f p r p rty [ f
    an n g l di g pl c ; m
    a e o p p ty ] o e an a, an n a e ea , rO er .

    Tr t ac r H t i h vill g e
    n ea T g t b
    aa e i l d ( T ) T i H t i h l d l rd
    o, a on on a a u s an —
    u aa e o, an o .

    F an g m a M y b tt rfli
    u. [f g
    an i g f th p l r l
    u e esd g er lly f irr
    an a, s n o e u a , us e en a o a

    ti l cr
    on a t r ; m ea u e s p i f b tt r fly ] Tr c t u, a M s gao is l d ( H )
    e c es o u e . a on ou n ne an .

    F an g i
    a ne Tr t . r N i f vill g o V a v i l d ( V )
    ac n ea e a u, a e n au s an .

    F an g ki L
    a ne d i g p l ce t h t i
    . an ar n Tr c t r K l
    a v i ll g e o K ol oa
    a s ne . a n ea o oa , a n

    i l d (V)
    s an .

    F an g i
    an u L di g pl c
    . w h er
    an th re e m y c
    n a t tre [ f g l d i g
    e e e ar an oc on u es an a, an n

    p l ce ; i t ] Tr t H fe i l d ( H ) T u h e t k l d l rd Al o —
    a o n u, c c on u . ac on aa va s an u o a, an o . s

    tr t n r H a
    ac ea vill g H i l an d ( H ) T i H g
    ano, a e onl d l rd a an o s —
    u aan ana, an o .
    Gi ffor d —
    To n ga n P la ce Na mes 59

    F a n ga n o n o i ged wh it
    . Ma ny w t [ f g i g f th e p l ra l u ed g r l ly
    n e an s an a, s n o u , s en e a

    o f i rr ti l c r ea t u r ;
    a o na w i ge d w h it t] Tr c t i P g i vill ge
    es no n o , n e an . a n an a , a

    o nL if k a i l ud (H) N w c ll d H t
    s an . o a e aa o .

    Fan g a no n u.L d i g p la w h er t h er
    an e m n y tr [f g ce l di g e e ar an n on u ee s an a, an n

    pl ace ; tr e ( M ri d
    n o n u, a T ra c t i e P g i ill g o Li n a n an a , v a e on

    f k
    u i l d (H)
    a s an .

    F k T ow n l d i g p l c e [ f g l d i g p l a e ; k t em f d i
    it h r T g d i c t io ry b t d btl eq iv l t w it h S m
    an g anu u. an n a an a, an n c nu u, a s oun n

    ne e on an na ] T ct
    , u ou es s u a en a oa n nu u
    '
    . ra

    n ea r F a mot vill g ua T g t b i l d ( T ) T g i l d l rd Al tra c t


    u, a e on on a a u s an —
    un , an o . so

    n ea r H l f li vill g aa au u V v i l d ( V ) A f H l fuli l d l rd
    , a e on a au s an —
    u aa au ,
    an o .

    F an g k
    a nu t I l d Fa g
    uu a . k [ e p r ced i g ;
    n an t i l an d ] T r t n r Tanu u se e n u a, n . ac n ea u

    ane ki l vill g
    v a e, V v i l d (V) a e on a au s an .

    F an g an
    g W ll k ow l d i g p l c e [ f g l d i g p l c ; g
    a na . e n n t pr
    an d n a an a, an n a e n a na , o s ea

    a br d oa a ,
    m ] as Tr t r T f vill g
    na T
    e g ta b u i l
    . d (T) acAl n ea o oa , a e on on a s an . so

    t ct
    ra r N k l f vill g e o To ga t b u i l d ( T )
    n ea u ua o a , a n n a s an .

    F an g a oa .L di g pl c f than b k et f r fi h [ f g l d i g p l ;
    n a e o e as o s an a, an n a ce oa , a

    b k t f
    as e fi h] Tr t or r F m ot s ill g . T ga t b ac i l d (T) n ea ua a u, v a e on on a u s an

    T g i l d l rd A l tr c t
    un , an r H ol
    o vill ge o K l o i l d ( V )
    . so a n ea ev a , a n o a s an .

    F an g S
    a o n e on e . dy l d i g p l ce [ f g
    an l d i g p l ce ; an d] nTr t a an a, an n a o n e o n e, s a n . ac

    n ea r L p h a vill g n T g t b u i l d ( T ) P gi l d l rd A l o tr c t
    a a , a e o on a a s an -
    an a, an o . s a

    n e r H ia vil] g o To g t b
    ,
    i l an d ( T )
    a e on n a a u s .

    F an g p k a Le di g pl
    a. e f fl y i g fox
    an [ f g l di g pl c ; p k
    n ac flyi g fox
    o n es an a, an n a e e a, n

    (Pt r p e o us Pl ( T) O th e w th r h r ace . n ea e s o e .

    F an g p a L ou di g pl c
    . f than po t [ f ng l d i g p l c ; p p t ] Tr c t
    a e o e s an a, an n a e o u, os . a

    an d d i tr i t s N om k a i l d ( H )
    c on u s an .

    F an g p a L ua .d i g pl t wh i h th r
    an na p tr es [ f g l a d i g p l ;
    a ce a c e e re ua e an a, n n ace

    p ua , a ki d f tr ( H er a d i
    n o Tr c t ee r F l l v ill g e o F n n a a n ea a e oa , a n oa

    i l d (H)
    s an .

    F an g l l a s a e. L di g pl wh re th ran g rd i
    n [f g l di g pl e;
    a ce e e e a re a en a s an a, an n ac

    i l g rd i ] Tr t
    s a e, a Of l
    en a g i l d (H). ac on o an a s an .

    P an g il as S m a ll l. d i g pl [f g l d i g p l ; i i m ll ] Tr c t
    an n r
    a ce an a, an n a ce s , s a . a n ea

    Si i es a , vill g N k k m t
    a i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    e on u O k i l d (V)
    un u u o u s an . so ac on va a s an .

    F an g it as L d i g p l c e wh r
    o. an i hr b n pl t d [f g l di g pl e; i
    a e e s s u s are an e an a, an n ac s ,

    a pl t ( C r d yli t r m i li ) ; t th e t of p l ti g ] I l t ( V )
    an o ne e na s o, ac an n . s e .

    F an g it tas hi Pr t ct d l
    o au d i g p l ac . wh re i h r b ao e pl t d [ f g it
    e an n e e s s u s re an e an as o,

    se pre di g; t ec e b i p r ot e t d ] n Tr t r H l g vill g
    au , V v i l d c e . ac n ea o on a, a e on a au s an

    (V) .

    F a n ga t a k i . Lan d i ng l
    p a c e of le d i g b t [ f
    a n oa s a n ga , l and n i g pl ace ; ta k i , to l ea d ] .

    Tr t ac oni l d T u n gu a l d l rd T h T m h h s an ( H ) T i H t ih
    —
    u aa e o, an o . e a a a s
    '
    ou s e

    fa d th
    ce a at th i pl c e Wh se o p d i b t h e h d t g t v er s a e . en ne ass e n a oa a o e o

    b rd d l d it til p t th h
    oa an ea un as e ou s e .

    h il P te t d l d i g p l c to w h i h l ok ro [ f g l d
    ’

    F an g t p t
    a e a au ro c e an n a e c on e o s ac ss an a, an
    i g pl
    n ; t p to l o k a c r
    ace ; t h i p r ot e t d ]
    e a, Tr c t e r H l g v ill ge o os s au , c e . a n a o on a, a

    on V v i l d (V)
    a au s an .

    F an g t ki
    a oaU w illi g l d i g p l . [f g n l d i g p l e ; t k i u willi g ]
    n an n ac e an a, an n ac oa , n n

    Tr t ac Tu g i l d ( H ) T i H t i h l d l rd
    on n ua s an -
    u aa e o, an o .

    F an g t k i La d i g p l
    a o a e t w i d w rd [ f
    .
    g n l d i g p l e ; t k i ri gh t h d
    n ac o n a an a, an n ac o a , a ea

    (i r f r
    n t th e
    e e en c e Tra c t e r M it o vill g o H i la d ( H ) n a u a, a e on a an o s n
    —
    T i H u g l d l ord aa n an a , an .

    F an g t m a u L di g pl c wh i h t
    a u. d f t [f
    an g l di g pl c ; t m t
    n a e c s an s as an a, an n a e u a u, o

    st a d fa t ( i
    n s Tr c t e r vill g
    n V v i l d (V) : ar a s n a a es on a au s an ne

    V im lo a d T o
    a a n a a .
    60 B er n ice P . B is hop M us eu m— B u ll etin
    F a n ga t uo ua i g p l e of th e v e ry fi m t fr m S m a [ f g l d i g
    . La n d n ac ne a s o a o an a, an n

    pl e; t
    ac th v ry fi m a t fr m S m o ]
    uo u a , Tr c t a r Ui h a vill g e
    e e ne s o a a . a ne , a on
    Ui h i l d ( H ) Ma l p
    a s an l d l rd —
    u o, an o .

    F an g Tw
    a ua. l di g pl [ f g l di g pl c ;
    o an tw o ]
    n Tr c t r K o
    a c es an a, an n a e na , . a n ea an

    k p l u vill g e
    u o T, g t bu i l d ( T) a on on a a s an .

    F an g t L
    a u a. dl k d h or g (
    an l d i g p l e) [ f g l d i g p l e ; t
    oc e anc a e or an n ac an a, an n ac u a,

    i l d ] I r rm f T g t b l g
    n an . nne (T) a s o on a a u a oo n .

    F an g Uv e l d i g p l e [ f g l d i g p l ; v Uv
    a uv ea . an an n W a lli ac an a, an n ace u ea, ea or s

    i l d ] Tr c t
    s an r L a p h vill g e o T g t b i l an d ( T ) P a g i l a d
    . a n ea a a, a n on a a u s —
    n a, n

    l rdo .

    F an g h
    a va D ivi d d l di g pl
    e . [f g la d i g p l ;
    e h an t p r t ]n a ce an a, n n ace va e, o se a a e .

    C v a r V i i vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) I h ill H f ga l p
    e n ea a n ,
    a e n on a a u s an . n u an u e .

    F an g l
    a va eF li h l d i g p l . [f g oo l d i g p l c e ; l f li h ] Tr t
    s an n a ce an a, an n a v a e, oo s . ac

    n ea r H k m vill g aa To g t b a i l d ( T ) Al tr c t
    e, a r T tk
    e on n a a u s an . so a n ea a a a

    m t g o on vill g T
    a, g t b i l d ( T ) T g i l a d l rd Al tr t o
    a e on on a a u s an —
    un , n o . so ac n

    Ni f o i l
    ua o d ( NF ) u s an .

    F an g hi D
    a ve ir d l d i g p l c [ f g l d i g p l e ; h i to d ir ] Tr ct
    . es e an n a e an a , an n ac ve , es e . a

    n ea r F l h vill g o a T g t b i l d ( T)
    a, a e on on a a u s an .

    F an g i L
    a ve di g pl . wh r th r i
    an tr m l t [ f g l d i g p l c ; i
    n a ce e e e e s a s ea e an a, an n a e ve ,

    s tr m l t ] Tr t
    ea er V it o g vill g
    . T ac ga t b u i l n ead (T) e n o, a e on on a s an .

    F an gi t aTr t e r H l p k vill g
    u. ac Lif k ni l d ( H ) T i Afitu l d
    a o o e a, a e on u a s an —
    u , an

    l rdo .

    Pan g T
    un a . w k Tr t o ar H v k t l o vill g o T g t b i l d ( T )
    a en . ac nea aa a a o , a e n on a a u s an
    —
    Ah m l d l rd
    o e e, an o .

    F a o. N k d fr itl a ( p p li d t
    e , t tr ) Tr t
    u es s r F h f vill g e o
    a e o c oc o n u ee s . ac nea a e a, a n

    T ong t b i l d ( T)
    a a V h lu l d l rd s an —
    ee a a, an o .

    il [ f il ; k l Tr c t a r K l g v ill g T g
    .

    F ao k l R d
    u a . e d]
    na s a o, n a s u a, re . a ne o on a, a e on on a

    t b i l d ( T ) N k l d l rd Al tr t
    a u s an r H l g vill g
    —
    u u, V v an o . so ac n ea o on a, a e on a au

    i l d (V)
    s an .

    F p
    a P
    e. d ly [ f p d
    an a n us ; p ly ] Tr c t
    on r L t f vill g a, an a n us e, on . a n ea o o oa , a e on

    F oa i l d ( H ) T i P l h k l d l rd Tr t
    s an —
    O k i l d ( V ) Tr t
    u e e a e, an o . ac on va a s an . ac

    n ea rT v ill g e V v i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    a oa , a r H l f li vill g o
    on a au s an . so ac nea aa au u ,
    a e n

    V v i l d ( V ) A f H l f li l d l rd
    a au s an —
    u a a au u , an o .

    F p
    a teu a. I l d F pe [ t i l d ] Tr t
    n an rF t a ill g F a i l
    u a, d ( H) n an ac n ea o ua , v a e on o s an
    —
    T i P l h k u l d l rd e e a e, an o .

    Fas i To br k Tr c t e r F o i vill g o T g t b i l an d ( T ) V h i l d
    . ea . a n a u ,
    a e n on a a u s —
    a a , an

    l rd A l tr c t i N k l f v ill g
    o . so T a g t b i l d ( V ) Al tr t
    a u ua o a , a e on on a a u s an . so ac

    n ea r L t f vill g o o oa , F i l d ( H ) T i P l h k l d l rd A l tr t
    a e on oa s an —
    u e e a e, an o . so ac

    n ea r U t g k v ill g o Ut g k i l d ( V ) T it l d l r d
    un a e, a e n un a e s an —
    u a, an o .

    P i A bi gh t Tr t
    as a . r S l i vill g . N k k m t
    ac i l d ( T ) Al
    n ea es a , a e on u un u u o u s an . so

    tr t ac O a i l ond (H) Al tra t


    u H f s an i l d ( H) T h t k l d . so c on a a ev a s an —
    uu e o a, an

    l rdo .

    F i
    as a a. To f r d b y o bi gh t o th h r [f i
    a b y o bi g h t
    a th e h or e
    r on e s o e a s a, a r on s

    aa, t f rd ] Tr t
    o o H f i l d ( H ) T h t k l d l rd
    . ac on aa ev a s an —
    uu e o a, an o .

    F i l im
    as a Th b y fu. w d [f i eb y bi gh t ; Ii m
    a o w d] Tr t e r
    s ea ee as a, a or u, s e a ee . ac n a

    P ang i vill g e a L if k
    , i l d ( H ) A l tr c t
    a on rH vill g
    u H a o s an . so a n ea a a n o, a e on aan

    i l d ( H ) T ui H g
    s an l d l rd
    —
    aa n ana , an o .

    F i p l
    as a T chu e t to t d
    , Tr c t
    o r N k k v ill g e
    ea ,
    T g t b
    ou o . a n ea u un u u, a on on a a u

    i l d (T) T i V k
    s an l d l rd A l
    — ~
    to eu r L p h a v ill g o T g
    a a n o, an o . so s n n ea a a ,
    a e n on a

    t b i l d ( T ) I th c m t ry L g i T et
    a u s an . n e e e e an a a ea .

    F i t
    a s a ea . Th h ll w b y [ f i e b y o bi g h t ; t
    s a w h iti h ]
    o Tr c ta r M as a, _
    a r ea , s . a n ea au

    f ang v ill g a, T g t b i la d ( T) F k f
    a e on l d l rd on a a u s n —
    a a a nua , an o .

    F as i i N rr o w
    . D i tri c t
    a L f g i l d (H)
    . s on o an a s an .
    62 B ern ic e P
    -
    . B is hop M us eu m — B ulle tin
    P a t uk a n . R oc k ( NT ) . i
    t h r d i ta n t from Ni ua
    S a d to b e on e oi tw o roc k s ra e s ~

    ot h e r r ck i
    .

    t p t p ;
    0 u a u th e h om e
    o f th e g d F t lu Th F a ta k l p o a uu . e o s a a u .

    F t l l
    a u e e. To c m m c e p l iti g m t o f g r c
    en [f t to c om ma e p l a i ti n g
    n a e o su a ane a u, en c
    m t ; I l
    a s k i d of
    e e, g r a ] Tr t n r N k u k vill g o T g
    su a can e . ac n ea u nu u, a e n on a
    t b i l d ( T ) T i V k o l d l ord A l tr t
    a u s an —
    u H f v a i l d ( H)
    an , an . so ac on aa e a s an

    T uu h t k l d l r d A l o tr c t
    e o a, an r Ul b vill g
    o . Ui h a i l d ( H ) M
    s a n ea a, a e on s an —
    a

    l p l d l rd
    u o, an o .

    F t li To l
    a u . h t g t h r th e r ft r
    as f oT o g h u e [ f t to ti e th e ra ft e r
    e e a e s o a n an o s a u, s

    of T g h o ; Ii to l h t og t h r ] Tr c t
    a on an us e r H i vill ge T o g ta b u
    , as e e . a n ea o , a on n a

    i l d (H)
    s an .

    F t l
    a u oa. T b me r th a b d om [ f t b d om ; l to b e m r th e b d y ]
    o es a e en a u, a en oa , s ea o .

    Tr t e r F l h u vill g
    ac n a N i t p t p i l d ( NT )
    a e a ,
    Al a tr te on rT ua o u a u s an . so ac n ea a

    f h i vill a g e o
    a , T f hi i l d ( NT ) n a a s an .

    F t m h
    a u B ili
    a ua e .
    [f t th b d me ; m h
    ou s n ssto b e p ilt ]
    a a, Tra c t n ea r e a o n a ua , s .

    H k m vill a g e o T g t b u i l d ( T )
    aa a e, n on a a s an .

    F t m l
    a u T m r m r b t to c ri g
    a ua. o (f i u t m m r; m l
    u ut ri ge ] Tr c t n e a n, o ur u a ua , o c n . a

    on L f ga i l
    o an d (H) Al tr t
    s an r Ha vill g n H aa i l d ( H )
    . so ac n ea a n o, a e o no s an

    T i H u g l d l rd A l tr t ea r V i p a v ill ge o Ni t p u t p u
    aan ana , an o . so ac n a o , a n ua o a

    i l d ( NT ) M t l d l ord
    s an —
    aa u, an .

    F t m
    a u g an T o fol d t h t w h i h i
    a. s p r ea d i g [ f t to f l d ; m
    a g p r ea d i g ]
    c s n a a, o an a, s n .

    I l s an d (V)
    R tt p d
    .

    F t m
    a u u. o [f en
    p d ; t man rott ] Vill g
    a n us T a, g t b an a nus u u, en . a e on on a a u

    i l d (T)
    s an .

    F t
    a un g k M u r m ri g f m [ f t g t m r m r ; k
    a oa . u n f m oa I r f r e e to a un a, o u u oa , oa . n e e nc

    i bilit y f tt k r t c p t r e g t ] F rtr g t
    na o a ac e s r F l t
    o a ill g o
    u a e . o es s a e n ea e e oa , v a e n

    V v i l d ( V ) Th
    a au s an t r ga t w y of th f rtr f F l t
    e ea s e n e a e o ess o e e oa

    t r th b d m e [ f t b d om ; l t e t r ] R o k
    . .

    F t l To Ni u a

    i l d ( NT ) R k
    a u u u. en e e a o n a u. a en u u, o n e . c on

    t p t p
    o u a u s an red t th e g d F a t l . oc sac o o uu u .

    F t
    a uv a e l F d of th t m h i
    . on ep i u r [f te bd me ; l f d e ]
    s o ac , . e . c ean a u, a o n v a e. on n ss .

    Tr c t a r Ut g k v ill g
    a ne Ut g k un i l d ( V ) T it l d l rd Al
    a e, a e on un a e s an —
    u a, an o . so

    tr c t n r Ng k a vill g
    a ea V v aa i l d (V ) F k f
    u, l d l rd
    a e on a au s an —
    a a a nua , an o .

    F a u. A tr Hibi e e, ti l i T t a r vill g
    s cus T g t b
    a c eu s i l d ( T)
    . ra c s ne a es on on a a u s an

    n ea r N k l f T eek i M t p k l d l rd ; N k k T i V k
    u ua o a , u— o ua l d ua a, an o u u nu u— u a a n o, an

    l r d ; H ma V
    o ou l d l rd ; H l l T f
    —
    a ea , F l h H l g T t k am
    an o a a a o, o oa , o a a, o on a, a a o

    t g T g i l d l rd
    on a— un d H m l , P an g i
    an l d l rd Tr c t
    o , an Of i l d a u a— a, an o . a on u s an

    ( V) .Al tr t so r vill g e V a v au i l
    ac s d (V)
    n ea e r T k a Ul k a s on s an : n a ua n u u— u

    l l l d l rd L i m t a T i P l h ek l d l r d a d Ut i
    a a, an o , e a u —
    u e e e, an o , n u .

    F a ua p O F
    u. p rTr t Of l
    a uo g i l d ( H)
    u . ac on o an a s an .

    F a ua u a . T b il d tw f o [f u t b il d ; f o ; tw ]
    en ces Tr a c t ea r M a u, o u a, en c e na , o . n a

    k v a vill g
    e, V v i l d ( V ) T i Afi t l d l rd
    a e on a au s an —
    u u, an o .

    F i
    a u ava. T r p ir b ti p
    o e g [f a t r p ir ; i i ;
    a oa n a
    p as ge ch a s sa e a u, o e a , n av a , sa , an
    ne l] .Tr t r H a l f li vill g o V a v i l d ( V ) A fu H l f li
    ac n ea a au u , a e n au s an —
    aa au u ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    P l
    a u o. B r ti g i t u s fl m e [ t b r t ; l fl m ] Tr t ea r H t fu vill g e
    n n o a a, u s u o, a e . ac n aa a , a
    o n T g t b on i l d (T)
    a a u s an .

    F au m k a T b il d wit h t
    a. o [f u to b il d m k t ] Tr c t
    s on e rL t f a u, u , a a , s on e . a n ea o o oa ,
    vill g o F i l d ( H )
    a e n oa s an .

    F au m k t a I l d F
    a u a. mak a [ f m k n an e pr c di g; au t t e] Tr c t r
    au a a, s e e e n u a , s on . a n ea
    F k k k i vill g
    a a a a H oi l d
    , a e on a an s an .

    P au m t o u. Br k f tr [ f o tr ; m t brok ] Tr a c t i Ng
    en au ee a u, h a ee o u, en . n auno o,
    vill g on Ut g k e i l nd ( V )
    a e un a s a .
    Gi ffor d —
    Ton ga n P la c e Na mes 63

    F a u ta p u . Sac r ed fa u tr ee [ fa u, a tr ee ; ta p u, s a c ed ] r . P l a ce on E ua il s and ( T) .

    At th i p l s a ce tr d iti
    a on sa y
    F a s i a p u l e p u t d o wn th e d e a d
    s od y b of h is ha f l
    b r th r T
    o e ui T g on a T u i ta tu i a n d ed w h fa u e to m a k e ti it it fib r it ea sie r to
    ca rry B . ec a u s e of i ts app li c ti o
    a n to th e d e a d T u i T on ga '
    s b d y it b
    o e ca me th e
    rd f
    sac e au . S ee a sol H ol ota p u , M otu ta p u , and M oun ga ta p u .

    F a uva k a .b t [ f t b il d ; v k
    To b il d
    u t Tr t a r M k a il
    oa a u, o u a a, b oa ] ac . n ea an u , v

    l ge o T g t b i l d ( T ) A l t a t a r Uih vill g
    a n on a a u Ui h a i l a d
    s an . so r c ne a, a e on s n

    (H) M l p —
    l d l rd a u o, an o .

    Fave. Tr t r Ni t ac vill g T o ga t b
    n ea i l d (T) u ou a , a e on n a u s an .

    F l B r d p d
    ave a . [f
    u p d ne ; v l t b r ] Tr c t
    an r Ma t ik
    an us a, an a nus e a, o u n . a n ea a a,

    vill g a V v i l d (V)
    e on a au s an .

    Fea om k To g
    oe v a rd b t [ f a to g . rd ; m d; k
    ua b t ] Tr c t a oa eao, ua ac, an va a, oa . a

    n ea r Ut g k vill ge unUt g k i l d ( V ) T it l d l rd
    a e, a on un a e s an —
    u a, an o .

    Fe a ua k i M e ti g p l c
    . P l d b ch o T g t b i l d ( T ) O w ea t h r
    e n a e . oo an ea n on a a u s an . n e

    sh r o e .

    Fea u h ih T triv f th m t y i p ir [ f h i t triv e f th m t ery


    oa . o s e or e a s er n a s ea u , o s or e as

    h oa ,p ir ] Tr t e r S l i vill ge
    a . N k k m t
    ac i l d ( T)
    n a es a , a on u u nu u o u s an .

    Fe av a k i F ll f h l
    . Tr t u r M k vill g o T g t b
    o es i l d (T)
    . ac n ea anu a, a e on on a a u s an .

    Al tr t
    so r F l l o ill g
    ac F i l
    n ea d (H) a e a, v a e on oa s an .

    Feav as i A yt h i g w h i h h
    . m ny h l Tr t n r F l l vill g c F a as an o es . ac n ea a e oa , a e on o

    i l d ( H ) T it l d l r d
    s an —
    u a, an o .

    F f
    e e. To d i ( r f rri g t th e k i g ) e Tr t r N i f vill g e
    e e n V av i l o n . ac n ea e a u, a on au s

    an d (V) .

    F fi
    e F ll f w m [ f fi
    nea . u w m ] M d o T g t b i l d (T)
    o o en e ne, o en . o un n on a a u s an .

    F bi
    e T .
    pe y t r Tr t
    o o r H k m vill g
    n o T
    s e s g t b i l . d (T) ac n ea aa a e, a e on on a a u s an .

    F hi h k i T
    e a e h t b a . t [ f hi t h t ; h b
    o a e ; k i to t]
    e caus e e a en e a, o a e e, ec a u s e a , ea .

    Tr t ac r F l l v ill g
    n ea F i l d (H) a e oa , a e on oa s an .

    F hi k
    e a f H ti g b t v rt h l
    a ea e . t r i g id e ; [ f h i t h te ; k b t
    a n , u ne e e ess , u n n as e a, o a a e, u ,

    ne v rt h l s ; f t t r
    e e es i d e] Tr t r K l o ill g
    a e, L if k
    o il d u n as . ac n ea ou , v a e on u a s an

    ( H)
    Fe ifa i . Na m e Tr t r H m v ill g
    of a Ttr g t b eei l d ( T)
    . ac n ea ou a, a e on on a a u s an

    V l d l rd
    a ea , antr t r N i f v ill g
    o . V v Al i l d (V)
    so ac n ea e a u, a e on a au s an .

    F il
    e Tr t e r Uih vill g
    o. ac Ui h i l n d (H) a M l p l d l rd Al o tr t
    a, a e on a s an -
    a u o, an o . s ac

    n ear L t f v ill g F
    o o oa , i l d ( H ) T i P l h k l d l r d A l tr t
    a e on oa s an —
    u e e a e, an o . so ac

    n ear P k t l v ill g u H i l d (H) T i H g


    o a a, l d l or d
    a e on a an o s an —
    u aan an a , an .

    F il
    e i Tr c t
    oa s . r F k k k i vill g a H i l
    n ea d (H) a a a a , a e on a an o s an .

    F il
    e h oe Th h
    a u. g r f th l r [ f w i h ; il t e t ( p p li d t h i ef ) ;
    e un e o e ru e e, s o, o a a e o c s

    h a u,r l r ] Tr t u e Of i l d ( V) . ac on u s an .

    F i l f il
    e o e W i h i g t k w Tr t
    o . r H m vill g
    s n To g t b
    o i l d no . ac n ea ou a, a e on n a a u s an

    (T) V —
    l d l rd a ea , an o .

    F i g m
    e n aa E r -
    t d ir foa . hi k [f i ga r t d ir ;
    n es f b l esg e or a c c en e n s , e a n es es e a, o ,
    e on

    i g t ; m
    n o hi k ] Tr t r K p vill g
    oa , c K p i l d ( V)
    c en . ac n ea a a, a e on a a s an .

    F i g it
    e n aeT d ir u r tly h l f [ f i g to d ir
    . o es r tl y ; it a h a l f]
    e ea n e s a a e n a, es e ea n es a u, .

    Tr c t a N m k i l d (H)
    on o u a s an .

    F i g f
    e n T
    a ono r tly d ir th f d t. o tea k v d ri k i g [ f i g
    n es t es e e oo ea en a a a a n n e n a, o

    r tly d ir ; f
    e a n es f d t t k v
    es d ri k i g ]
    e Tr t
    on o, r F o i il oo e a en a a a a n n . ac n ea u , v
    l gea T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) V h i l d l r d A l tr c t
    on a a u r H fo vill g
    s an -
    a a , an o . so a n ea o a, a e

    onT g t b on i l d (T) a a u s an .

    F i g h il i T
    e n a r tly d ir th p r p r ti
    . o eaf r w ot [ f i g t d i
    n es es e e e a a on o ar o ro e n a, o es r e
    ea r tly ; h ili th p r p r ti
    n es f rr w r t ] Tr t , r H l g vill g o
    e e a a on o a o oo . ac n ea o on a, a e n
    T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) A l tr c t
    a a u r N i f vill g
    s an V v i l d (V) . so a n ea e a u, a e on a au s an .

    F i g k t
    e n a T r tly d ir
    o on e. k t tr [ f i g t a r tly d e ir e ;
    o e a n es es e a o on e ee e n a, o e n es s
    k t o on e, a ki d f tr ] Gr r L p h vill g
    n o T g t bu i l
    ee d (T) . e en n ea a a a, a e on on a a s an .

    Wh r f tiv l f th T i T g w r h l d
    e e es a s o e u on a e e e .
    64 B er n ice P . B is hop M u s eu m —
    B ulletin
    F e i n ga ta u ttl e fi l d Tr t i F h e fa vill ge o T g t b i l d ( T )
    . Ba e . ac n a , a n on a a u s an .

    F it m m
    e a Fir t p r g
    a ua . y [ f it m t t f p reg
    s ey ; m fi r t ] Tr a t
    na n c e a a, a s a e o n an c ua , s . c

    n ea r H l o g vill g e V v i l d ( V )
    o n a, a on a au s an .

    F k
    e Oc t p
    e. Tr a t Ni i
    o i l d ( H ) A l tr c t
    us . c L f g i l
    on d (H) n va s an . so a on o an a s an .

    Al tr t
    so r Hi h i f v ill g
    ac Li f k
    n ea i l d (H) o, a e on u a s an .

    F k i To q
    e e . rr l to d b t e t ua t d Tr c t e ,
    r L p h vill g e e aT g , o c on e n . a n ea a a a, a on on a

    t b i l d ( T ) P g i l d l rd A l tr t
    a u s an —
    r v ill g
    an V v il da, an o . so ac s n ea a es on a au s an

    ( V) : rNi f T n ea k iv l d H l e a u, g ua n e a e, an o on a .

    F k t
    e O t p
    e ua . fr m th d pc o [f k us t p ; t th o t i d f a y
    o e ee s ea e e, oc o us ua , e u s e o n

    t h i g ] Tr c t
    n r F m t v ill g
    . a To g t b
    n ea i l d ( T) T gi l d
    ua a o u, a e on n a a u s an —
    un , an

    l rdo .

    F k ik
    e N m e f a tr
    a. Tr c t
    a r v ill g o T o g t b i l d ( T ) :
    o ee . r a s n ea a es n n a a u s an n ea

    K ol ov i A t l d l or d ; F o i V h i l d l r d ; T k i M t a p k l d l rd ;
    a —
    a, an u —
    a a ,
    an o ee u— o u ua a, an o

    M t f a a on ua —T i Vak o l d l ord ; H k m H v l F i l k p l d l r d ;
    u an ,
    an aa a e, a e u— e a e a, an o

    F t m u F m t T g i l d l ord Al
    a u , ua a tr t
    o u— r N p p vill g un , an . so ac n ea ua a u, a e on

    N p pu i l
    ua ad ( V) Al tr t s an r K i vill g V v u i l
    . d ( V) Al
    so ac n ea e , a e on a a s an . so

    tr t ac r L i m t vill g e
    n ea V v u i l e d (V )
    a ua , T i P l h k l d l rd a on a a s an —
    u e e a e, an o .

    P k it
    e T a. ki Tr t ar P k v ill g on T o g t b i l d ( T ) F h l d
    o ss . ac ne u e, a e n a a u s an —
    o e, an

    l rdo .

    F k it k i T
    e a m t . Tr t r H l f li vill g
    o ee . V v i l d ( V ) A fu
    ac n ea aa au u , a e on a au s an -

    H l f li l d l r d
    a a au u , an o .

    F l i k i P r b bly f l i k i k i t br k p t h r p r p rt y Tr t o N ’
    e a a . o a h e a a , o ea u ea c o e s o e . ac n o

    m k i l d (H)
    u a s an .

    F l t
    e a an i T liv g r bly wit h e h o t h er Tr c t
    . o e a r K l v ill g
    ee a K l ac . a n ea o oa , a e on o oa

    i l d (V)
    s an .

    F l
    e ea k S tt r d tr
    au .
    [f l t b ca tt r d ; k tr ] Tr t
    e e e es H f e e, o e sca e e a a u, ee . ac on a a ev a

    i l d ( H ) T h t k l d l rd
    s an —
    uu e o a, an o .

    F l
    e e av e. T d p ri v f d o tt r [ f l t b
    e tt r d ;
    e o t and p ri v e f] s ca e e e, o e s ca e e av e, o e o .

    Tra t i N k l f v ill g
    c n T g t b
    u i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    ua o a , rL p h
    a e on on a a u s an . so ac n ea a a a,

    vill g a T g t be i l d ( T ) P g i l d l rd
    on on a a u s an —
    an a, an o .

    F l f
    e e ao S tt r d il [ f l t b
    . ca tt r d ; f
    e e na il ] Tr t s r H ma e e, o e s ca e e a o, n a s . ac n ea ou ,

    v ill g a T g t be i l d (T) V
    on onl d l rd a a u s an —
    a ea , an o .

    F l f t
    e e a A yt h i g
    a . c tt r d n th r ft r f h n s [f l
    a t b e ec tt e r d on e a e s o a ou s e e e, o e s a e

    ab t ; f t r ft r f h e] Tr t
    ou a a, a H f
    e s i l d (H) T h t k
    o a ou s . ac on a a ev a s an —
    uu e o a,

    l d l r d A l tr t
    an o .Of i l d ( V ) T i L k p l d l rd
    so ac on u s an —
    u a e a, an o .

    F l f
    e e o n u. S tt r d t rtl [ f l t b ca tt r d ; f
    e e t rtl ] Tr t
    u es r Vai i e e, o e sca e e o n u, u e . ac n ea n ,

    v ill g a T g t b
    e i l d ( T ) M f l d l r d A l w ll
    on on a a u r V i i vil
    s an —
    aa u, an o . so e n ea a n

    l g ( T ) O th tr t H f k i k A l tr t
    a e . n e r H v ill g
    ac H a e va a . so ac n ea a an o, a e on aano

    i l d (H) T i H g
    s an l d l rd
    —
    u aan ana , an o .

    F l f
    e e o n ua . S tt r d l d [ f l t b ca tt er d ; f
    e e l d ] Tr t
    an rT g e e, o e sca e on ua , an ac n ea on a

    mm vill g
    .

    a a o, Ni f i l d ( NF ) a e on u a o ou s an .

    F l h l i i A b d ly r e d d h
    e e o s . [f l t l y i
    a f e d m r ; h l i i th
    e ou s e e e, o a n a c on u s e ann e o s ,
    e

    r ea di g f h
    n ] Tr t o T a
    g i l d ( H ) T i H t i h l d l rd
    ou s e . ac on un ua s an —
    u aa e o, an o .

    St f r m d fr m tt r d h r d th r [f l
    '

    F l h
    e e g un a . d on e s o e to b o s an , s ca e e e e an e e e e, e

    c tt r d ; h
    s a e g e d f rm d i t tun ] Tr t
    a , s an r U i h v ill g oUi h e n o s on es . ac n ea a, a e on a

    i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd
    s an —
    a u o, an o .

    F l k h
    e e S
    a tt r d r d [ f l t b
    o . ca tt r d ; k h th e r d ] Tr t
    e e ee s O e e, o e sca e e a o, ee . ac on ua

    i l d (H)
    s an .

    F l k k
    e e S
    a tt r d o a. t m em br
    ca [f le e t b tt r d ; k k a t h i m m
    c c on u ane e e, o e s ca e e a a, n e

    b r a n eous b t f d r d th
    su yo g
    s an ce t ] Tr c t ou nr H m l ou n e un c oc onu . a n ea a u a .

    vill g a T g ta b
    e i l d ( T ) P gi l d l r d
    on on a u s an —
    an a, an o .

    F l ki
    e e S tt er d m t [ f l to b
    e . ca tt r d ; k i m t] Tr c t
    e a s r P g i e e, e s ca e e e, a . a n ea an a ,

    vill ge a E i l d (T) on ua s an .
    66 B er n ice P . B is hop M ns e n m —
    B n ll el -in

    F e l e v a in ga tt r d p rt [ f l to b e s c tt er ed ; i g p rt p l y ] Tr p t
    . Sca e e s o s e e, a va n a, s o , a . a

    ea r Ui h vill g e Ui h i l d (H) M l p o l d l ord an


    —
    n a, a on a s an a u ,
    .

    F l
    e eva R S c a tt e r e d a. ili g v l [ f l t b tt r d ; v k sa ili g v es el ]
    n es s e s e e, o e s ca e e a a, a sa n s .

    Tr t ac r T fi i v i ll a g
    n ea V va u i l e d (V) s L i l d l rd
    , e on a s an
    —
    ua n ,
    an o .

    F l
    e ev e n i g Pl c f a, tt r d tr m l t [ f l to b e
    a e o tt r d ;
    s ca i w t er ]e e s ea e s e e, sca e e ve , a .

    Tr c t a r Ulb vill g n ea Ulb i l d ( H ) M l p o l d l rd


    a, a e on a s an —
    a u , an o .

    F l
    e evev e S tt r d w it h r bbi h [ f l to b
    . ca e e tt r d ; v r bbi h ] Tra c t u s e e, e s ca e e ve e, u s .

    e r Ut g k vill g Ut g k i l d ( V ) T it l d l r d —
    n a un a e, a e on un a e s an u a, an o

    i R p i d ly r
    .

    F li
    e va . i g w t r [ f |i t
    a ed in r p id
    un n n rd er ; l wa t r ] a e e , o s ucc e a o va ,
    e .

    I l t
    n e N m k oni l d ( H) o u a s an .

    F en g it a Tr t o N m k i l d ( H )
    u . ac n o a a s an .

    F p ki T
    e a j tl t j t l h Tr c t
    . o os e, r H m vill g o ar ,T g ta b o c as . a n ea ou a, a e on on a u

    i l d ( T) V
    s an l d l or d A l tra t
    —
    r M f g ill g e
    a ea , an T g t b . so c n ea au an a, v a on on a a u

    i l d (T) F k f
    s an l d l rd A l tr t
    —
    a r M it vill g e
    a a n ua , H o an o . so ac n ea u oa , a on a an

    i l d (H) T i H g
    s an l d l r d A l tr t
    —
    u H g i l d ( V ) F li
    a an an a , an o . so ac on un a s an —
    u

    va i l ,
    d l rd anAl tr t o r U t g k v ill g
    . Ut g k
    so i l d (V ) T i
    ac n ea un a e, a e on un a e s an —
    u

    t a, l d l rd A l tr t
    an o r T . v ill g soV v i l d (V ) V h i
    ac n ea a a n ea , a e on a au s an —
    a a ,

    l d l r d A l o tr t
    an o . r V i p vill g s Ni t p t p i l
    ac d ( NT )
    n ea M t a oa , a e on ua o u a u s an —
    a a u,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    F es im i T a br k t ow
    . d om [f t ea br k ; m i t ow r d ( d b f r p ar s e es u, o ea a , a s us e e o e ro

    n ou n s of th fir t Tr c t
    e M g o s i l d (H) a on ou n a ne s an .

    F t
    e A ki d
    a a n u. f g r Tr t e r H m vill g e
    n o su T ag ta b u i l d
    c an e . ac n a ou a, a on on a s an

    ( T) V —
    l d l rd a ea , an o .

    F t l
    e a aa k il l L w r F t l a o. ki [f t l ki t o t ll t m k k w fr m
    e e a aa t e a aa , o e ,
    o a e no n o on e o

    ano th r ; l l b l w b e t h d w ] Tr t
    a o, r Ot
    e o vill g e
    , K p en e a , o n . ac nea ea , a on a a

    i l d (V)
    s an .

    F t l
    e a aa ki t I l d F t lu a ki [
    .
    pr c di g;
    n an t i l d ] Tr t e a aa r Ot s ee e e n u a, n an . ac nea ea ,

    vill g a K p i l d (V)
    e on a a s an .

    F t
    e an gi h i T y w e p t og t h e r
    . o Tr t
    cr r F t m vill g
    or To g t b
    e e . ac n ea a u u, a e on n a a u

    i l d ( T)
    s an
    ‘
    .

    P t
    e oa N m . f r e p t d Fi j i
    a e ri g i Tr t
    o r N k k v ill g
    u e T g an o n . ac n ea u unu u, a e on on a
    t b i l d (T) T i V k
    a u s an l d l r d Al tr t —
    r T l f
    u vill g o
    a an o , an o . so ac n ea a a oou , a e n

    T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) L k i l d l r d A l o v ill g e T g ta b i l d ( T )
    a a u s an —
    ana , an o . s a on on a u s an .

    Al i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    so s an r Hi h i f v ill g . Lif k i l d ( H ) Al
    so ac n ea o, a e on u a s an . so

    tr t ac r M v ill gn ea Ni f i l d ( NF )
    ua , a e on u a oou s an .

    F t k
    e o A bbr v i ti
    o . f f t ki ki t e p h a t
    on d f ow it h l g r d
    e o a , o us a c a n oe o an ro on o s .

    Tr t ac r O t v ill g n ea K p i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    ea , Of i l
    a d (V)
    e on a a s an . so ac on u s an
    T i L k p
    u l d l r d Al tr t
    a e a, Ol an i l d (V) o . so ac on ou a s an .

    F t k p
    e o go T p unh l g a . v r r l wit h
    o usl g d [f t k a on e a c a n oe o e co a a on ro e o o, se

    pr di g; p
    ec e g nl r g e p i c f c r l ] Tr t ( H )
    un a, a a e e o o a . ac .

    P t
    e uu A t r. Tr t s ar T l v ill g . V v i l an d ( V )
    ac n ea ou a , a e on a au s .

    F t M r i g St r [ f t t r ; h d y] St r '

    e uua h o . o n n a e u u, s a a o, a . a .

    F eu ki T . k Tr a t o H f
    s ee i l d ( H ) T h t k l d l rd
    . c on a a ev a s an —
    uu e o a, an o .

    F eu k To d iv
    u . Tr t r L p h v ill g o To g t b i l d ( T ) Pa gi
    e . ac n ea a a a, a e n n a a u s an —
    n a,
    l d l r d A l tr t
    an o . r T l i v ill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) T i
    so ac n ea a a s u, a e n on a a u s an —
    u

    L k p a l d l r d A l o tr t
    e a, an H f o i l d ( H ) T k tok l d l r d
    . s ac on a a ev a s an —
    uu e a, an o .

    Al tr c t
    so r M a t a h v ill g o Ni f
    a n ea i l d ( NF ) a o, a e n u a oou s an .

    F eu m i T ki as .h t h r Tr c t
    o r N k k vill g e o T g t b i l d
    ss eac o e . a n ea u un u u, a n on a a u s an

    ( T) T i V k —
    l d l or d
    u a a n o, an .

    F eu at k i To h l d m t . lly Tr c t ea r K ol v i ill g e
    o To g t b
    u ua i l d (T)
    . a n o a , v a on n a a u s an
    —
    At l d l rd a, an o .
    Gi ffor d —
    Ton ga n P la c e Na mes 67

    F i e h ua . Des iri g t t r p th
    n o u n u t u r p th rt h ]e ea rt h [ fie , to d e s ir e; h ua , to n u e ea .

    Tr t ac n ea r L p h vill g T ag t b a i l d ( T ) P r mi
    a, a f th e g d on on a a u s an . e s es o e o

    Fi t
    nau au ik u ; e F k A l o tr c t se r P g i vill g ana L if k
    a va i l d
    . s a n ea an a , a e on u a s an

    ( H) A l o tr
    . t Of
    s i l d ( V ) T i L k p l d l r d A l tr c t
    ac on u s an r —
    u a e a, an o . so a n ea

    Ah au, vill g Ni f a i l d ( NF ) F t fil i l d l ord


    e on u a o ou s an —
    o o , an .

    F i il
    e o.I q i itiv n u s Tr t o O k i l d ( V ) en e s s . ac n va a s an .

    Fi k i
    e a a. H g r Tr c t un r F l l vill g
    e . F a i l
    a d ( H)
    n ea a e oa , a e on o s an .

    F if i h h a T br i d d b t p p li d t p l i ti g p [ fifi to br i d ; h h t
    a. o a an ea , a e o a n ro e , a a a, o

    b t ] Tr t
    ea . r K l v i v ill g
    ac n ea T g t b i l d ( T ) At l a d l r d
    o o a , a e on on a a u s an —
    a, n o .

    F ih k i T
    a p l ck
    . d p l it f t i r p
    o u [ f i t p l it ; h k i th
    an ,
    a t f pl
    a a ki g c ee er s , o a a , e ac o uc n

    f t i r p ] Tr t r M it v ill g H o i l d ( H) T i H '

    a a c ee s . ac n ea u oa , a e on a an s an —
    u aan

    g ana , l d l r d A l tr t an o T . k vill g so V v i l d ( V ) Ul
    ac n ear ua n u u, a e on a au s an —
    u

    k l l
    a a a, l d l or d an .

    F il i k i T
    a ch o
    . b f
    o h d oTr t a r L gom p vill ge
    se _
    e or e anV v u i la d . ac ne on a u, a on a a s n

    ( V ) V ik l d l rd
    e un e, an o .

    P ili k i Tra t
    . r T ck vill g
    n ea V v i l d (V )
    ua nu Ul k l l u, l d l rd a e on a au s an —
    u a a a, an o .

    F i l im i m k o T h a a t . c rt o ct e [ fili to h oo s e ; m i t o es c t; m k o a s on , c oos e o , o es or a a,

    s t ] A l g ir l r r l l b f r m i g p rt f w ll t F
    on e . ar e c cu a m t co a r s a o n a o a a on u a o u, n ea

    L p h
    a a v ill g a, T g t b a i l d (T) e on on a a u s an .

    F i l im m m o T ch
    a a. f th w rl d [ fili t ch e ; m f ; m m w orl d ]
    o oos e or e o , o oo s o, or a a, .

    Tr t ac Ni t p t ap
    on i l d ( NT ) T gip l d l r d
    ua o u u s an —
    an a, an o .

    F i l fi h
    o o Twi t d p p r
    a .
    [ fi l f il
    s e t twi t a th r d ; h
    ea an c e
    pp r ] o o, o s ,
    as ea a, a e a a n ce .

    Tr t ac r T l f n ea vill g T g t b
    a a oou , i l d ( T ) L k i l d l rd a e on on a a u s an —
    ana , an o .

    Fi N m d ft r Fi Aft r th t m r T w “
    na u P t h a c es . Ul k l l a e a e i n au u a a a . e e s ea e a v eu n as

    wr k d t Fi P t h Fi wit h th r B i lv ”
    c m
    “
    h d
    rg R f ( V )
    ec e a n au a c es , nau a e e sc oon e an u an sa

    a g d th
    e e ca o . ee s .

    Fi neeva . W m w lk i g b o t [ fi w oman ;
    an a to w a l kn b t ] Tr t
    a ou r n e, ev a , a ou . ac n ea

    H f vill g
    o oa , T g t b a i l d (T)
    e on on a a u s an .

    Fi ne a f k h W m
    au xp d t th r i [ fi w m a ; f k h t exp o to
    a. o an e os e o e a n n e, o n a au a, o se

    th er i ] A l rg t a n . th tr t M k f k i g o t h f F l m vill g
    a e s on e on e ac a a a an a, s u o e e ea , a e

    on U ih i l d (H) a s an .

    Fi ne e f k i F r a i . w m [ fi w m ; f k i f r c i ] Tr t i N k
    e o c ou s o an ne , o an e a , e o ou s . ac n u u
    l f
    a o a, v ill g T g t b
    a i l d ( T ) S it f S m it h i
    e on on a a r m p rl r u s an . e o
    ’
    s ce c ea a o .

    S o na m d by W lli g t e Ng e n on u .

    Fi ne h ik W m a. w it h tr i gh t h ir [ fi w om ; h i k tr i gh t ti ff
    o an s a d a n e, an a, s a , s on en

    ( p p li d t th
    a e o Tr t r M tf e v ill g To g t b i l d ac n ea a a on u a , a e on n a a u s an

    (T) T i V k —
    l d l rd A l tr t
    u a a n o, r F k k k i vill ge H
    an o .
    i l d so ac n ea a a a a , a on aano s an

    ( H) .

    Fi ne if L a. w m [ fi
    ean w m ; if t o an tr t d r w i th b lly ] Tr c t
    n e, o an a, o c on ac or a n e e . a
    n ea r V t vill g a o uu, T g t b i l d ( T) T i V k
    a e o n, l d l rd on a a u s an —
    u a a n o, an o .

    Fi ne it l i A w m
    a o . wh pr t d t o b an g ry [ fi w m o ; it g ry ; l i
    e en s o e an n e, o an a, an o ,

    li ]e Tr t
    . r Ang b v ill g
    ac n ea Ni f i l d ( NF ) a a, a e on u a oou s an .

    Fi ne k h a m p W m oa h vi g
    a a . g rl d f o t d m p fruit [ fi w m
    an a n on a a an o s c en e a a n e, o an

    k ha kl
    oa , n e c ; m p th m
    a ce f tr d i t fru it ]
    a a, P l ce o T g t b
    e na e o a ee a n s . a n on a a u

    i l d ( T ) O w th r h r
    s an . n ea e s o e .

    Fi ne k t a a.A l gh i g w m [ fi
    au w m ; k t n l gh ] Tra c to an r Ng ho n e, o an a a, au . n ea a un o ,

    v ill g a Ut g k
    e on i l d ( V ) A l tr t un a r T fi i vill g
    e s an V v . so ac n ea e s , a e on a au

    i l d ( V ) L i l d l r d Al l g
    s an —
    ua n r M k v
    , an ill g o V v
    o . so a oon n ea a a e, v a e n a au
    i l d (V)
    s an .

    Fi l l
    n e a a u. A w m wh pi h [ fi
    o w m an ; l l t pio h] Tr t nc r es ne, o an a a u, o nc . ac n ea
    N k u kunu vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) T i V k
    u, a e n l d lo d
    on a a u s an —
    u a a n o, an r .

    Fi ne a nl g t t W m
    a o oa i bl d y p i f h il d birt h [ fi w m ; l g th
    . o an n oo a n o c -
    n e, o an an a, e

    p ia n f h il d birt h ; t t
    o c bl d y ] I l t ( H )
    -
    o oa , oo . s e .
    68 B er n i c e P . B is hop M us e u m — B u ll eti n
    w m a w h t l k b t b an
    F i n e l a u f us i .
    [ fi
    A w om ; l to ta l k ; f i
    o n o a s a ou an as n e, an a u, us ,

    b ]
    anana Tr c t r M t a h vill g
    . Ni f i l d ( NF )
    a n ea a a o, a e on u a oou s an .

    Fi l k
    ne a u A tyli h w om [ fi w m ; I k
    au . tyli h ] Tr c t e r V i
    s s an n e, o an au a u, s s . a n a e

    t g vill g
    on o, T g t b i l d (T) a e on on a a u s an .

    Fi nem t g W m
    a aan w it h a g i o t c e [ fi
    a. w m ; mt c t o an sa a c ou s c un en a n n e, o an a a, oun

    t e n an ce
    ; g g i ] Tr t i N k l f vill g e
    an T
    a, g t b i l an d
    sa a c ou s . ac n u ua o a , a on on a a u s

    (T)
    F i n e m a ta k i S p . yi g
    w om a n [ f n e , w o m a n ; m a t a k
    n i i , to spy ] . Tr t ac n ea r K l ov a i o ,

    vill g a e on T on ga ta b u s a n d ( T ) — A ta , a n d o d i l l l r .

    F i n e m ot ua n a n iv i . Ol d w om a n who ac s t fo n d ly [ fi ne , w om a n ; m o tu a , ol d ; n a n iv i ,

    ly ] Tr ct r K l vill g i l d (T)
    ”

    to a c t fon d . a n ea T g t b
    a a a u, a e on on a a u s an .

    F in e m u i . Y g w m oun o an [ fi w m ; m i
    n e, ri p i mm t r ] Tra t
    o an u , un e, a u e . c n e ar

    H ou m a , vill g e E a on ua i l d ( T ) Al tr c t
    s an r T h t k vill g . so a n ea uu e o a, a e on

    H a a feva i l d (H) s an .

    F in e m u na . A w o ma n w h o ac s t th e f ol o [f i n e, w om a n ; m u na , to a ct as on e ia
    s an e] . Tr t ac ou No m u k a i l d (H)
    s an .

    F i n e n a a k a k a la . A w om a n w h o c ea s e d c ry i g n wh e n g iv e n a g a rl a n d of s c en e d t
    fl ow e s r [f i n e, w om a n ; na a , to h u s h ; kaka l a, a g a rl a n d of s c en e d t fl ow e s ] r .

    W e ll on T on ga ta b u i l s and ( T) .

    F i n e n a v u e n ga . W oma n w it h h ea d d r e s s ed it h t rm ri c [ fi w m
    w u e ne , o an ; ha v u, to
    d r es s th e h e a d for c l ea n n i g; e n ga , t rm
    u e ri ] P l e
    c V v i l
    . ac on a au s and ( V) . On
    o r n ea r Mt . K a foa .

    F i n e ofa m a i A w o m a n w h o . l v o es me [ f i ne, w m o an ; o fa , l ov e ; m a i, t w rd o a s ( us ed
    b f re p r
    e o on ou n s o f th e fir t s Tr t ac n ea r Na p u a , vill g a e on T on ga ta b u
    i l d (T)
    s an .

    F in e p a n i A n o i t d w m [ f i w om ; p i t
    . n e i t th h d ] Tra t e r o an n e, an an , o ano n e ea . c n a

    M f g au an vill g o T o g t b i l d ( T ) F k a f
    a, a l d l rd
    e n n a a u s an —
    a a nua , an o .

    Fi ne p il l
    an L w r Fi a o. p i [ pr di g; l l
    o b l w d w be t h ] Tr t ne an s ee ec e n a o, e o , o n, en e a . ac

    on O k vai l d (V) a s an .

    Fi t i A th r
    ne a . h d w m [ fi w m ; t i to
    as tri k to b t ] Tr t
    e ro an ne , o an a , s e, ea . ac nea

    K l vill g
    o oa , K l i l d ( V) a e on o oa s an .

    Fi ne t l A w m
    a a. wh t ll [ fi w m ; t l t r p rt t t ll ] Tr t
    o an ro e s ne, o an a a, o e o , o e . ac n ea

    F liu i vill g
    va ,H g i l d (V) a e on un a s an .

    Fi t l if l
    ne a A w m
    o au wh r i v v y g r [ fi
    . w m ; t li t r e ei v e ;
    o an o ece es o a e s ne, o an a , o c

    f lo a u, v y g r ] Tr t o r F t l vill g
    a e s Ni f o i l d ( NF )
    . ac n ea a a u ua , a e on ua o u s an .

    Fi t
    ne a n gi l i A w m owh pr t. d t w p [fi w m ; t gi to w p ; l i
    o an o e en s o ee ne, o an an , ee o ,

    t o li ] Tr t
    e . N m k i l d (H) ac on o u a s an .

    Fi t p t
    ne a S pl
    a hi g w m
    e. [ fi w m ; t p t to p l h ] B h o T ga
    as n o an n e, o an a a e, s as . ea c n on

    t b i l d ( T ) O w th r h r
    R i g w m [ fi w m ; t f i to ] Tr t Uih i l d
    a u s an . n ea e s o e .

    Fi ne t f i
    o us . unn n o an ne, o an o us , run . ac on a s an

    (H) Pr mi
    . f th g d Te f m g m t t
    s es o e o au a an u oe o o .

    Fi neu p p eW m whe . h lt r th b tt rfly [ fi w m ;


    o an t h lt r ; p p o s e e s e u e ne , o an u, o s e e e e,

    b tt rfly ] Tr t
    u e r M f g vill g
    . T g t b
    ac i l d ( T) F k n ea au an a, a e on on a a u s an
    —
    a a~

    f a n na , l d l rd an o .

    Fi l p ilil l
    n ev a a W m g rm t t r t d wit h i l [ fi
    o o . w om ; v l g
    o an s
    '
    a en sa u a e o n e, an a a, ar

    m t ; p il il l
    en t r t d w it h oil ] P i g o o, m d U l
    sa u i l d (H) a e . eo n ou n on o ev a s an .

    Al sotr t r Hi h i f vill g
    ac Lif k
    n ea i l d (H) o, a e on u a s an .

    Fi neva li g W m
    en m r d wit h t r m ri [ fi w m ; v li t m r ; g
    a . o an s ea e u e c n e, o an a , o s ea en a,

    t r m ri ] P l
    u e c V v i l d ( V ) N r Mt K f
    . oo on a au s an . ea . a oa .

    Fi i
    n eva s a . W m wh t th y p h t [ fi w m ;
    o an i t a t th y o ac s e s co an n e, o an vas a, o c e s co

    ph t ] Tr t
    an . r H i vill g Tac g t b i l d (T) n ea o , a e on on a a u s an .
    70 B e rn ice P . B is hop M u s eu m — B ulletin
    F o ik a u . Fr uit of ru it tree ] Tr c t
    th e k a u r vill ges tr ee [ f o i, f r it ;
    u k a u, a f . a s n ea a
    on T g t b i l d
    on ia a d r P L v k l d l rd Al k i
    u s an (T) : n an n ea ea — a a a, an o , a
    T i P l h ke l
    u d l r d T t k a moto g
    e e a T u g i l d l rd a d Ni t
    , an o Al , a a n a ,— n ,
    an o , n u ou a . so

    tr t ac F t i l d ( H ) A l o tr t
    on e oa H fe a i l d ( H)
    s an T h et k . s ac on aa v s an —
    uu o a,

    l d l rd A l o tra c t
    an o r Ui h vill g o Uih i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd
    . s n ea a, a e n a s an —
    a u o, an o .

    Al tr c t e r H
    so avill g H n i l d (H) T i H g
    a a a n o, l d l or d a e on a ano s an —
    u a an an a, an .

    A l o tr c t
    s r H l a vill g K l i l d (V)
    n ea o ev a , a e on o oa s an .

    F il h
    o e Tr c t
    au r T f i v ill g
    . a V v i l d ( V)
    n ea a e un , a e on a au s an .

    P ll k i A
    o o i gl r m [ f i a i g l o ; I k i r m ] Tr c t e r H k io vil
    . s n e oo o , s n e ne o ,
    oo . a n a aa ,

    l g a V v i l d (V)
    e on a au s an .

    F il l
    o A i gl
    u u. wl [ f i a i g l o ; l l th wl ( S trix
    s n e o Tr c t
    o ,
    s n e ne u u, e o a

    on T g t b i l d ( T ) O th w t h r h r
    on a a u s an . n e ea e s o e .

    F im t
    o Aa a.i gl y [ f i s i gl s n ; m t y ] eTr c t e r Uih vill g e
    e o , a n e on e a a, e e . a n ea a, a

    o nU ih i l d ( H ) M l p l d l or d
    a s an —
    a u o, an .

    F im
    o A oa . gg: Tr t e r O t vill g e
    n e K p a i l d ( V) ac n a ea , a on a s an .

    F ip i p i
    o Th fr it
    . f th p i p i tr e e [ f i fr it ; p i p i u t ] Tr c t
    o r N g e e o , u , a re e . a nea u au

    no h vill g
    o Ut g k i l ad (V) M t p k
    e on l d l rd un a e s an —
    o ua ua a, an o .

    Tr t r L g t m vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) V ik e
    '

    F k
    o a a v a v a u. ac n ea on o e e, a e n on a a u s an —
    e un ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    F ki
    o an
    g p Th e p l a fr m w h i h
    a ea fri
    . dl p r t r d b k [f ki g
    a ce o c a en es s e s on u ne ac o an a,

    th ple fr m w h i h ace t r d b k; p o fri dl p er ] cTr t on e u ne ac a ea, a en ess s on . ac on

    Ni f i l d ( N F ) F ot fi l i l d l r d
    u a o ou s an —
    o ,
    an o .

    F k it
    o t T
    a u a u.t r b k d h g [ f k i t t r b k ; t t t h g ] Tr t
    o u n ac an an o , o u n ac a a u, o an . ac

    ne ar T t k m t g v ill g
    a a T g t b
    a i l d ( T ) T gi l d l rd
    o on a, a e on on a a u s an —
    un , an o .

    F k l l
    o o u uT li i ik. ( d ep r c ti g t r m i
    o e p ki g t
    n s c p ri r ) n es s a
    . e a n e n s ea n o a su e o .

    Tr t ac L of g i l d ( H)
    on an a s an .

    F k t
    o T o k ill v ry
    o oa . Tr c t r H v k t l vill g e e T g t b u i la d
    on e . a n ea aa a a o o, a e on on a a s n

    ( T ) Ah m e l d l rd -
    Al o tr t e r T an k iv l e vill g e
    e , an V v il d
    o . so ac n a u e a , a on a au s an

    (V )
    Fo l a. r d t Tr t i Ut i vill g
    To sp ea V v i l d ( V) ou . ac n u , a e on a au s an .

    Fo a hl Spr a. d o t pp r c [ f l t pr d t ; h pp r
    ea u a t ap ea an e o a, o s ea ou a, a ea an ce or o

    p r i i gh t ] Tr t
    ea n r Oh s vill g E i l d ( T ) Al o vill g e
    . ac n ea on ua , a e on ua s an . s a

    on T g t b i l d (T)
    on a a u s an .

    F l h
    o a g T
    an pr d t a p
    . l g t h [ f l to p r d t ; h g
    o s ea p ou a s an en a a, s ea ou an a, a s an

    l g t h i f th h d ] Tr t
    en ,
    s r L p h vill g
    . o To g t b u i l
    e an d (T) . ac n ea a a a, a e on n a a s an .

    A l o tr s t r Ut i v ill g ac V v i l d ( V ) Ah m l d l r d
    n ea u , a e on a au s an —
    o ee , an o .

    F l m i S c tt r d br
    o a e .d fr it [ f l t a pr d t; m i b
    e e f i t] Tr t ea r u o a, o s ea ou e ,
    r ea r u . ac n ea

    F l v i v ill g
    a e K p i l d ( V ) F k t l l l d l rd
    a , a e on a a s an —
    a a u o o, an o .

    P l
    o ev a T w h . l th t o [f t w h as l th ; l t
    c o c ] Tr c t
    es a on c e o, o as c o es ev a , a on e . a

    n ea r M l p v ill g T a a g t b i l d ( T) P gi l d l rd
    o, a e on on a a u s an —
    an a, an o .

    F l
    o o. T w ll w Tr t o s r Ui h vill g e a oUi h i l d (H) M l p l d
    . ac n ea a, a on a s an —
    a u o, an

    l rdo .

    F l f l
    o o o a The p h o f th
    . T i T g Tr t s r H v el u v ill a g e
    ee c To g e u on a . ac n ea a , on n a

    t b i l d ( T ) F i l k p l d l rd
    a u s an —
    e a e a, an o .

    F l k h k
    o o o Th w ll wi g
    e f
    u p ro d
    . d l zy p r e [f l s t w ll w ; k
    a o n o a u an a e s on e e, o s a o o,

    a p r fix d b f r
    e pr p r m ; h k
    us e pr d d l zy p r
    e o e ] Tr t o e na es e u, a ou an a e s on . ac

    e r U i h , v ill g Uih i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd a u o, an o
    —
    n a a a e on a s an .

    F l k l p
    o o Th
    o u s w ll o wi g e f a p ig
    . [f l t w ll w ; k
    e p r fix
    a ed b e n o eon o o, o s a o o, a e us

    f r pr p r
    o e ; I p p ig
    o ( C rp p h g
    e n ou n s I l t (T) u e, eon a o a a s e .

    F l k t
    o o T w ll w th w h l m a
    o oa . [f | t
    o s w ll w ; k t a th wh l m ]
    o e o e ss o o, o s a o o oa , e o e ass .

    Pl e oac To g t b u i l d (T)
    n O th l g n a a s an . n e a oon .

    F l k
    o u h To g th
    ae r t r Tr t
    au . r U i h vill g U ih a i l
    o d ( H)
    en e u n . ac n ea a, a e on s an

    M l p a ul d l rd o, an o .
    Gi ffor d —
    Ton ga n P la c e Na mes 71

    Po m a l o . Th e p r oc es s of d y i g Tr t
    e n . ac n ea r H oum a , vill a g e on Ton ga ta b u i l s an d

    ( T) —
    V a ea , l and ol rd .

    F on o i . To a d vi se Tr t e r M t i k vill g
    . ac V v i la d (V)
    n a a a a, a e on a au s n .

    F o no if ua . To a d vi v ry e [ f i t d vi ; f
    se e e v ry ] Tr t
    on r vil on o , o a se ua , e e on e . ac s n ea
    l g
    a es on T on g t b a ai l d (T) r N k h it l L p h P g i l d l rd
    u s an : n ea u u u u, a a a— an a, an o ,

    and Ma k aun g P g i l d l rd A l o i l d ( H ) A l
    a— an a, tra t o F t h a
    an o . s s an . so c n o u a

    i l d (H)
    s an . A l o tr t
    s r M ak v vill a g o V a v u i l d ( V ) T i A fi t
    ac n ea a e, e n a s an —
    u u,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    F o n o im uk a l th t g fi r t I l d ( H )
    . Th e p e op e a o s . s an .

    Fo no n g A j a. r y Tr t H f i l d ( H ) T h etok l d l r d
    ou n e . ac on a a ev a s an —
    uu a, an o .

    F onon g i T tr v l t h r
    aa .
    [f g to tr v l ; i t h r ] Tr t
    a e r Ulb vil
    e e on on a, o a e a , e e . ac n ea a,

    l g
    a e Ui h
    on i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd a s an —
    a u o, an o .

    F on on g h ih if a T tr v l w t [ f o. g t tr v l ; h i h i f w t ] Tr c t a r
    o a e es o no n a, o a e o, es . a ne

    M f g au an vill ge To g t b
    a, i l d ( T) F k f
    a l d l rd
    on n a a u s an —
    a a a n ua , an o .

    F ono n g t C
    a oa . r g tr v ll r [ f ou
    g tr v ll r ; t c r g
    a eou s ] Pl a e e ono n a, a e e oa , ou a eou s . ac e

    on V v i l d (V)a au s an .

    Fo n ua . L d Tr c t an r P k t l vill ge
    . H an o i l d ( H ) T i H
    a n ea u o a a, a on a s an —
    u aan

    g an a, l dl d an or .

    Fo n ua e ik i Th l d f hi f [ f
    . l d ; i k i ch i f] Tr t e r N k
    e an o c e s o n ua , an e , e . ac n a u ua

    l f v ill g
    o a, T g t b
    a i l d ( T ) A l tr t e r M a f g ill g
    e on on a a u s an . so ac n a u an a, v a e on

    T g t b
    on i l d (T) F k f
    a a u l d l rd
    s an —
    a a anua , an o .

    F o n uafi i Th s l d f fl w r [f
    . e l d ; fi i fl w ] Tr t
    an o r H l p k
    o e s o n ua , an s , o er . ac n ea o o e a,

    vill g a L if k
    e on i l d ( H ) T i A fi t l d l rd u a s an —
    u u, an o .

    F f
    o n u a o o u. Th w l d [f l d; f e ne w] Tr t r H t i h vill g
    an on ua , an o o u, n e . ac n ea aa e o, a e

    on T g t b on i l d ( T ) T i H t i h l d l r d A l tr c t
    a a u s an r H v il
    —
    u aa e o, an o . so a n ea a an o ,

    l g
    a e on H i l d (H) T i H g aano l d l r d Al tr t
    s an r M k v —
    u aan ana, an o . so ac n ea a a e,

    vill g a V ve i l d ( V ) T i Afi t l d l rd
    on a au s an —
    u u, an o .

    F o n uaf i Th us l d f b . . [f e l d ; f i th g ri t rm f
    an o ll
    an an a s on ua , an us , e en e c e or a

    b ananas ] Tr t r H l p k vill g o L i f k a i l d ( H ) T i A fi t l d
    . ac n ea o o e a, a e n u s an —
    u u, an

    l rd
    o .

    F f
    o n ua u u Th l rg l d [ f
    . l d ; f l rg ] I l d ( V )
    e a e an o nua , an u u, a e . s an .

    F o n uah Thao pl . i g l d [f l d ; h p l i g ] Tr t
    e eas n r H m an o n ua , an a o, ea s n . ac n ea ou a,

    vill g a T g t b
    e on i l d (T) V onl d l r d A l tr c t
    a a u T g il d
    s an —
    a ea , an o . so a on un ua s an

    ( H ) T i H a t ih
    —
    u l d l r d A l tr t a e r N i f vill a g o V v i l d
    o, an o . so ac n ea e a u, e n a au s an

    (V) .

    F o n ua k l Th u a d l d [f
    . l d; k l e red] Tr t r L p h v ill g e
    an o n ua , an u a, re . ac n ea a a a, a on

    T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) P g i l d l r d A l tr t
    a a u s an r F l m vill g o
    —
    an a, an o . so ac n ea e e ea , a e n

    Ui h i l a d ( H)
    s an .

    F o n ua ik Th a l d f fi h [f
    . l d ; ik fi h ] I l d ( H )
    e an o s on ua , an a, s . s an .

    F l i Th
    o n ua a l d f th l i fi h [ f
    . e l d ; I i th e m of fi h ] I l d
    an o e a s o n ua , an a , na e a s . s an

    (V) .

    F l
    o n ua av a . Th l d f fi h b i t [ f l d; l
    e an b it fo fi h ]
    o Tr t d s a o n ua , an ava , a a r s . ac an

    di t i t
    s r c r P k t l v ill g en ea H i l d (H ) T i H g
    u o a a, l d l rd a on aan o s an —
    u a an ana, an o .

    F l i Th
    o n ua e l d f i v ry [ f
    . el d ; l i iv ry ] Tr t
    an o r H m v ill g
    o o n ua , an e , o . ac n ea ou a, a e

    on T g t bon i l d ( T) V a a l d l rd A l tr t
    u s an rT v ill g V —
    a ea , an o . so ac n ea a oa , a e on a

    vau i l d ( V ) A l v l i i l d 600 ft hi gh b tw
    s an . Vv so d Ni o can c s an ,
    .
    , e ee n a au an ua

    top u ta p u .

    F o n u a ma l u . Th e m d il l i i r g rd t w i d [ f
    an d , . l d; m l
    e . n e a o n o nua , an a u, m d ( apil
    p li ed to th e Tr t o F l m vill g
    ac Ui n i l d ( H )
    n e e ea , a e on a s an .

    F o n u a ma u -
    . T h e p os s e s s e d l d [f l d; m t p
    an ] Tr t o n ua , an . a u, o o s s es s . ac n ea r K l o o

    vai, vill g a e on Ton a g t b i l d ( T ) A t l d l r d A l tr t


    a u s an —
    a, an o . so ac n ea r F i ou ,

    vill g a e on Ton ga ta b i l d ( T ) V h i l d l rd
    u s an —
    a a , an o .
    72 B er n i c e P . B is hop M n s em n —
    B ulletin
    F o n ua m oa . Th e la n d o f c h c k en s i [ fo n ua , l and ; mo a , i
    c h c k en ] . Tr a c t n ea r Nuk ua
    l o fa , vill g e a on To n ga ta b u i l
    s and ( ) T .

    F o n ua m o t u r t l d [f . l d; m t
    S ep a p r t d
    a e p rt fr om ]
    an Tr c t o n ua , an o u, s e a a e or a a . a

    on E ik i i lue d (T) A l o tr c t
    , r T k i vill g
    s an T .
    g t b il d s a n ea ee u, a e on on a a u s an

    (T) M t p k —
    l d l rd A l tr t
    o ua ua r L p h vill g e o T g t b
    a, an o . so ac n ea a a a, a n on a a u

    i l d ( T ) A l o tr t o T g i l d ( H ) T i H t i h l d l rd
    s an . s ac n un ua s an —
    u aa e o, an o .

    F o n ua ng g Th on l d f th o. ddy t r [f e l d; g g
    an o dd y t r ] e no e n o n ua , an n on o, no e n .

    Tr t ac r N i f vill g
    n ea T g t b i l d (T)
    e a u, a e on on a a u s an .

    F o n ua o ne o n e . S dy l d [f l d; an d] Tr ct
    an r L g o n ua , an o n e one, san . a n ea a v en a

    t g v ill g
    on a, T g t b i l d ( T ) Al i l d ( V )
    a e on on a a u s an . so s an .

    F t p
    on u a a Th e c r ed l
    u. d [f l d; t p sa r d ] Tr t an r F i ill g e on ua , an a u, s a c e . ac n ea ou ,
    v a

    on T g t b on i l d ( T ) V h i l d l r d A l o tr c t
    a a u s an r M i g vill g —
    a a , an o . s a n ea an an a, a e

    on T g t b on i l d ( T) F k f
    a a l d l rd
    u s an —
    a a anua , an o .

    F o n ua ul i l i Th bl k l d [ f
    u . l d ; li li bl k ] Tr t
    e ac an r K l v i vil on ua , an u u ,
    ac . ac n ea o o a ,

    l g o T g t b i l d ( T ) At l d l rd
    a e n on a a u s an —
    a, an o .

    F o n ua u n g Th l d of h rm it r b [ f
    a. e l d ; g h rm it c r a b ] I l a d
    an e c a s o n ua , an un a, e . s n

    (V) Al . tr t r N i f vill g e V v i l d ( V )
    so ac n ea e a u, a on a au s an .

    F on u m h T rtl
    ou d r i
    a. [f t rtl ; m u d;e anh r i ] Tr t a n r Ha o n u, u e o, a n u a, a n . ac n ea

    m l vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) P g i l d l r d
    u a, a e n on a a u s an —
    an a, an o .

    Fon g t T
    a o. t f l h ir [ f o g f l se h i ;t ta se t] Tr t a r T a ki on a, a se a r o, o se . ac ne uane

    v l v ill g
    a e, V v i l d ( V) a e on a au s an .

    F on g T
    ava l gh b t f l h ir [ f g f l h ir ;
    . o au a to lou gh d m k e a a se a an a, a se a v a, au an a

    no sei ] Tr t r F l m vill g
    . ac Uih i l n ea d (H) e e ea , a e on a s an .

    F on gi g P r h p th m i p lli g f F
    non o . eg l a
    g N me t k
    s e fr m A d m i ss e n o an a e ou n a . a a en o r

    a lty c h rt Vill g o F a i l d ( H )
    a . a e n o s an .

    F on g l Th
    o oa l g l di g pl
    .
    [f g e l di g pl
    on an l bbr v i ti
    n f ace on o, an n ace oa , a e a on o

    l l l g ] Tr t
    o oa , on r H to v ill g . T g t b
    ac i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    n ea aa a, a e on on a a u s an . so ac

    an d l di g i an N k l f vill g
    n T g t b
    n i l d ( T ) Al tr t
    u ua o a , a e on on a a u s an . so ac

    n ea r F l v i vill g a e K p i l d ( V ) F k t l l l d l r d Al tr t
    a , a e on a r a s an —
    a a u o o, an o . so ac n ea

    F v ill g
    u e, V v i l d ( V ) A l o tr c t
    a e on r H k i vill g
    a au s an V av . s a n ea aa o, a e on au

    i l d (V)
    q i t l d i g pl [ f g l d i g pl q i t]
    s an .

    F on g l go on Th o. e u e I
    an g n a ce on o, an n a ce on o, u e .

    Tr t ac Ui h i l d ( H )
    on S it o f th h a of T ok
    s an th l g d ; th h .e e e ous e e e ee o e ou s
    w as ll d H k m m
    ca e a au a a .

    F on g t f Th
    o o e l di g pl . f p rl y t r [ f g l d i g p l
    e an n t t
    ace oth ea o s e on o, an n ace o e, e

    p earl y t r ] Tr t o s e F h f vill g . T g t b ac i l d ( T) V h l
    n e ar a e a, a e on on a a u s an —
    ee a a,

    l d l r d A l tr t
    an o .r Ut i v ill g V v i l d ( V ) V ik
    so ac n ea l d l rd u ,
    a e on a au s an —
    e un e , an o .

    Fon g t o on
    g Th l di g pl o . m g t th e m gr v an tr n [f g l di g ace a on s e an o e ee s on o, an n

    pl a ce t g m g r v tr ] Tr c t
    on r K l v ill g
    o, an K l il d
    o e ee . a n ea o oa , a e on o oa s an

    (V) .

    F on g t p o u Th fr it f l l
    u. di g pl [f g e l di g pl c
    u u t p an t gr w n ace on o, an n a e u u, o o ,

    t o spr t ] Tr tou O i l d (H)


    . ac on ua s an .

    Fon g l Th
    ou u b hy l d i g pl
    .
    [f g l di g pl
    e us anl b h y ] Tr c t
    n ace on o, an n ace u u, us . a

    n ea r Ng h vill g Ut g k
    a un o i l d (V) o, a e on un a e s an .

    F f
    o o oo u N w . Tr t Ni f
    e il d
    . ac on u a o ou s an .

    F t
    o a M. g Pl
    assa T g t b e i l d ( T ) Now ll d A t g O
    . ace on on a a u s an . ca e v a on a . n

    l g a oo n .

    F t
    o u K v
    . a m th r th i g t k
    a or pr
    so t d i tr d ti to p
    e o e n a en as a es en an n o uc on a er

    s on Tr c t
    . r N i f v ill g
    a V va i l d ( V)
    n ea e a u, a e on a u s an .

    F t
    o ua Th . m f fi h
    e na Tr t r Oh e o vill g a E i l d ( T ) Al
    s . ac n ea on ua , a e on ua s an . so

    v ill g a F e i l d ( H ) Al
    on ll d A l k if
    oa s an It i i th h r d it r y . so ca e a onu a . s n e e e a

    l d f th T i P l h k w h i h i
    an o e ll ed H t l f l Al tr t
    u e e a Ok
    e c s ca aa a a a e . so ac on oa

    i l d ( V)
    s an .
    74 B er n ice P . B is hop M u s eu m —
    B u lle tin
    F ot u l e l e a . To a p p ea r d riv b y en th e w i d n [ fo t u , to a p p ea r; Ie l ea , to b e d ri v e by n
    th e wi d] n . Tra c t r H n ea a a n o, vill g a e on H a ano i l s and ( H ) — T ui H a a n ga n a ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    F ot u l o ua
    n tr . Tr a t e r O t a vill g
    A ki d K p i l d (V) N m d of ee . c n a e , a e on a a s an . a e

    aft r l r ge tr b h i d w h i h T f h ( Ki g G r g I T up ) d P t r
    e a a ee e n c au aa au n eo e . ou an e e

    VI to k h lt r w h
    o c v e r i g w it h th i m t s of th e b l g ere d f rtr e s
    s e e en on s n e n a e e ea u o s

    of Ot ea .

    F t m
    o u Tr t oe . r H m l vill g e o T g t b i l d ( T ) P g i l d l or d
    ac n ea a u a, a n on a a u s an —
    an a, an .

    F t m
    o u m To
    oe upp r wit h b k t of c k d f d [ f t t p p r ; m
    u. a d ea as e oo e oo o u, o a ea o e, a n

    th ; m
    e b k t of
    u
    -

    k ed f d] u,Tr a c t e r P k e ill g
    as T g t bu
    e c oo oo . n a u , v a e on on a a

    i ls and (T) F h l d l rd —
    o e, an o .

    F t m k
    o u The o pp r o. f th ge k [f t to pp r ; m k g k o ] Tr t
    a ea a nce o e c o o u, a ea o o, ec . ac

    on T g t bu i l on d ( T) on th e w e t h r
    a a h r f th e e t r d i tri ct
    s an . a e s o e o as e n s

    ( Ha h a k e ) .

    F ot u no a . rt h l To [f t t ppe r ; w or th l
    a p p ea ] r
    Tr c t n r wo es s o u, o a a n oa, es s . a ea

    P k t l
    u vill g
    o a a, H i l d ( H) T i H g l d l rd
    a e on aano s an —
    u aa n ana , an o .

    r fr p r h ibit d [ f t r ; g f fr
    '

    F t
    o un g f T pp
    o ua . t o pp a ea ee or un o e o u, o a ea n o ua , ee , nu

    p r h ibit d ] Tr t r V t vill g e o T g t b i l d ( T ) T i V a k o —
    o e . ac n ea a o uu , a n on a a u s an u an ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    F t l
    o uv a e T pp r f li h [ f t to a p p r ; v l f li h ] Tr t
    . o a ea r K p oo s o u, ea a e, oo s . ac n ea a a.

    vill g a K p i l d ( V)
    e on a a s an .

    F o ua . T g ywh r o I l d (H) o an e e . s an .

    F ou h k i To ge d p. h t [f t g ; h ki t p h o t]
    o an Pl c r F t i us ou o u, o o e , o us u . a e n ea a a ,

    vill g a T g t b
    e on i l d (T) on a a u s an .

    F ou i Th e m f tr
    . Vill g o T g t b ( T ) Al tr t
    na e o r vill g
    a ee . a e n on a a u . so ac s n ea a es

    o T
    n g t b i l d ( T)
    on e r Ut l
    a a M l p L u i l d l rd K l g
    s an : n a u a u, a a o ua n , an o , o on a

    N k l d l rd a d H i i
    J e l y Tr t e r N k h i t l vill g T g ta b i l d ( T ) Al
    u u, an o ,
    n aas n .

    F ua a . a ou s . ac n a u u u u, a e on on a u s an . so

    tr c t o H f
    a i l d ( H ) T h tok a l d l rd
    n a a ev a s an —
    uu e , an o .

    F ua a m t Pr d c
    o u. f i l d [ f pr d c ; f; m t
    o i l d] S e f m t
    u e o an s an ua , o u e a, o o u, s an . e ua o u .

    Vill g e T g t b i l d ( T ) A l i l d ( V ) Al tr t
    a on on r Ut g k
    a a u s an . so s an . so ac n ea un a e,

    v ill g a U t g k i l d ( V ) T it
    e on l d l rd A l tr c t un r N i f vil
    a e s an —
    u a, an o . so a n ea e a u,

    l ga V v i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    e on a r T f h i vill g o T fahi i l d
    au s an . so ac nea a a , a e n a s an

    ( NT ) .

    F u a fo n ua . T o m ea s u r l
    e an d [ fu a , to m ea s u re ; fo n u a , l and ] . Tr t ac on E u e iki
    i l d (T)
    s an .

    F uai Tr t . r Uih vill g e o Uih i l d ( H ) M a l p o l d l r d


    ac n ea a, a n a s an —
    u , an o .

    F ua ih k p aa Tr t r Ohu vill g e
    u E . i l d (T) ac n ea on ua , a on ua s an

    P us l C l p p i g w h il w l k i g [ f t l p h d ; l t g ] Tr t i P
    u . a n e a n a, o c a an s a u, o o . ac n ea ,

    v ill g a T g t b
    e i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    on r P v ill g e
    on To g
    a a u s an . so ac n ea ea , a on n a

    t b i l d ( T ) L v k l d l rd A l tr c t
    a u s an L f g i l d ( H)—
    Al a a a, an o . so a on o an a s an . so

    tr c t a r H o vill g n ea H o i l d (H) T i H g aan l d l r d Al o


    , a e on aan s an —
    u aan ana , an o . s

    d i tri ts r H c vill g H
    n ea i l d ( H ) A l tr t r H l g
    a a no, a e on aano s an . so ac n ea o on a.

    vill g aV v i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    e on r T g m m v ill g e o Ni
    a au s an . so ac n ea on a a a o, a n ua

    f o i l
    o d ( NF )
    u s an .

    F ua m i T h e br d fr it [ t t b r ; m i br d fr it ] Tr t e r Ha l
    . o ea r ea u ua , o ea e , ea u . ac n a a au

    f li vill g e
    u , V vu i l d (V )a Af H l a f li l d l r d
    on a a s an —
    u aa u u , an o .

    F ua m t To m
    o u
    ’

    re . i l d [f t m r e ; m t i l d ] U lly p ll d
    easu an s an ua , o ea s u o u, s an . s ua s e e
    F m t Vill g
    ua a T
    o u g ta b i l d ( T ) Al o i l d ( V )
    . a e on on a u s an . s s an

    F ua m i T h u . ri p fr it [ f t b r ; m i ri p e] Tr c t n r H m
    o e ar un e u ua , o ea u , un . a ea ou a,

    vill g T
    a g t b
    e i l d (T) V
    on l d l rd on a a u s an —
    a ea , an o .

    F t l t
    ua a a T rry w t l e [ f t rry ; t l t l ; t w ] Tra c t n r
    a u. o ca a ar a ua , o ca a e, a e a u, ar . ea

    V t v ill g
    a o uu, T g t b i l d ( T ) T i V k o l d l rd
    a e on on a a u s an —
    u a an , an o .
    Gi ffor d —
    Ton ga n P la c e Na mes 75

    F u a ta n ga u a . T wo l g th
    en s of t apa [ f ut a n ga , a l g t h of t p ;
    en a a ua , tw o] . Tr t ac

    n ea r F i ill g ou T g t b , il v a e on on a a u s and ( T) Va h i l d l rd
    —
    a , an o .

    F u e. A vi Tr t r N i f vill g
    ne . ac n ea Al vill g o e a u, a e on V v i l d (V )
    a au s an . so a e n

    Va v i l d ( V ) P rt f N i f
    au s an . a o e a u .

    F f
    u e a on ua . Vi f th e l d [f vi ; ne f; f o l d ] Tr a c t r H an ue , ne a, o onua , an . n ea aa

    t ihe vill g
    o, T g t b i l d ( T ) T i H t i h l d l rd
    a e on on a a u s an —
    u aa e o, an o .

    F ue m Br w
    ea . vi e [ f vi ; m br w ] Tr t
    o n n r P g i vill g eue , ne e a, o n . ac n ea an a , a on

    L if k i l d (H)
    u a s an .

    F uem t Br k
    o u. vi [ f vi e ; m t br k ] P l o To g t b u i l d ( T )
    o en ne ue , n o u, o en . ace n n a a s an .

    O th e wn t h r h r A p l i P l t th l d f th g d b r th am
    ea e s o e . ace n u o u, e an o e o s, ea s e s e

    na m It ie . p ke of th F k
    s s f P l tu
    o Th Fn k e rt has e ana av a o u o . e an a av a on a

    i t L p h
    s a T g t b
    a d w
    a a, t ry f m rt l Th F k
    on a a u, an f as a s a n c ua or o a s . e an a av a o

    P l ot i
    u u t ry f th g d s a s an c ua or e o s .

    F t hi S
    ue a i [ f vi ; t h i
    .
    '

    ea ]
    v ne Tr t r K l vill g
    ue , K l ne a , s ea . ac n ea o oa , a e on o oa

    i l s and (V) .

    F f t
    u u au T w ll t W ll I
    . o p rti
    s e of P l t outh l d f th g d
    . e . n a o on u o u, e an o e o s,

    k w
    no P l t
    n T mas u o u uu au .

    F h
    u N m
    u. f h ll fi h
    a S e t h w t r xtr m ity f F i l d ( H ) Al
    o a s e s . ou es e n e e o oa s an . so

    ab d d vill g
    an on e V v i l d ( V ) A l tr t a e r H l g vill g
    on a au s an . so ac n ea o on a, a e on

    V v i l d (V)
    a au s an .

    F h
    u uaF ll f h ll fi h ll d f h
    . u o Tr c t s r Ah u vill g o Ni f
    e s ca e u u . a n ea a ,
    a e n u a oou

    i l d ( NF ) F t fi l i l d l rd
    s an —
    o o , an o .

    F i T o h i t w it h
    u . yt h i g Tr t N k k m t an i l d ( T) n . ac on u un u u o u s an .

    F i
    u a A fr i d t rri fi d
    . Tr t
    a r V i p vill g
    ,
    e eNi t p t p i l d ( NT )
    . ac n ea a oa , a e on ua o u a u s an
    —
    M t l d l rd
    a a u, _
    an o .

    F i
    u o n o. Tr t r H k ili vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) A l o tra c t
    ac n ea aa r , a e n on a a u s an . s n ea

    F g l
    an g vill g
    a eo u n F i l d ( H ) Ni k p l d l rd A l tr t
    a, a e on r oa s an —
    u a u, an o . so ac n ea

    P g i vill g
    an a P , g im t i l d (V)
    a e on an a o u s an .

    F ip
    u A tr m l t
    a . d f w tti g fi h h k
    s ea e Tr c t us er T t k m to g vi l or e n s oo s . a n ea a a a o n a,

    l g o T g t b i l d (T)
    a e n on a a u s an .

    F k
    u Tr t
    a v e. r vill g T g t b
    a c s n ea i l d (T) r V it g K l g a es on on a a u s an : n ea e on o, o on a

    N k
    —
    u l d l rd u, d Ni t an Al i l d (T)
    o ,
    an u ou a . so s an .

    F k f k
    u o u N m f a tr . T t a r F t l v ill g
    e o a Ni f i l d ( NF )
    ee . ra c n ea a a u ua , a e on u a oou s an .

    P k t
    u Tr t
    o a. r H m vill g ac E i l d ( T)
    n ea ou a, a e on ua s an .

    P l
    u an g Tr t a .r T f vill g e ac T ga t b
    n ea i l d ( T ) A l tr t o oa , r a on on a u s an . so ac n ea
    M k
    anu vill g T
    a, g t b i l d (T) a e on on a a u s an .

    F l h
    u e Th
    e u. m f bird ( P ti l ti
    e na l t ) e oTr a c t r Uih vill g o
    a o s c a r un c u a a . n ea a, a e n

    Ui ha i l d ( H) M l p
    s an l d l rd —
    a u o, an o .

    F ii
    u iva B h. V v i l d (V) N r Mt K f
    ea c on a au s an . ea . a oa .

    F l
    u o. Tr c t r P k t a l vill g
    a H
    n ea i l d (H) T i H g
    u o l d a, a e on aano s an —
    u aan an a , an
    l rdo .

    F u na . T m lt Tra c t
    o r Oh ou vill g e
    . E i l d ( T) Al tr t
    n ea on u a , a on ua s an . so ac
    n ea r F i vill g T
    ou g ta b , i l d ( T ) V h i l d l r d Al o tr t
    a e on on a u s an —
    a a , an o . s ac on

    O i l d ( H ) A l tr t o T g i l d ( H ) T i H t i h l d l r d
    ua s an . so ac n un ua s an —
    u aa e o, an o .

    Al o tr t r U i h ill g Ui n i l d ( H ) M l p o l d l rd
    q l ] Tr t e
    s ac n ea a, v a e on a s an —
    a u ,
    an o .

    F un g m m aa U q l rf oa H g o. rf e ; m m
    ne ua su ace un a, su ac a oa o, u n e ua . ac n ar

    Ng hauno v ill g o Ut g k i l d ( V )
    o, a e n un a e s an .

    F un g T p
    a a na. f c v [f g t p ; o ov e ] Tr t a V
    a t vill g
    e un a, o a n a , ca . ac n ear a o uu , a e on

    i l d ( T) T i V k l d l r d Al tr t i N i f v ill g e
    ~

    T g t b
    on a a u s an —
    u a a n o, an o . so ac n e a u, a

    on V v u i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    a a r H l f li vill g o V v i l d ( V )
    s an . so ac n ea aa au u , a e n a au s an

    Af—
    H l f li l d l rd A l tr c t
    u aa au u r V i p vill g
    , an Ni t p t p
    o . so a n ea a oa , a e on ua o u a u

    i l d ( NT ) M t l d l rd A l tr t
    s an —
    r Hih i fo vill g
    a a u, Ni t p
    an o . so ac n ea ,
    a e on ua o u

    t p i l d ( NT ) Al tr c t e r M t h vill g e o Ni f
    a u s an .
    ( NF )
    so a n a a aa o, a n u a oou .
    76 B er n ice
    -
    P . B is hop M u s eu m —
    B u lletin
    F u n ga e ua T h e top o f E ua Hu n ga , top ; e u a , a n
    . i l
    s and ofth e Ton ga ta b u g r p]ou
    Tr c t a il
    o n T o n ga ta b u T
    s and ( ) l tr t a r T
    A so ac vill g . ne u a n uk u , a e on V va u
    a
    i l d
    s an (V ) M l p l d l rd —
    a u o, an o .

    F un g fi f ia The h i gh t a f j y [f
    .
    g t p ; il il
    e j y]
    e Tr c t i N i f vil
    o o un a, o e a, o . a n e a u,
    l ge o V v i l d ( V )
    a n a au s an .

    F un g f a Th t p
    o n ua . f th e l d [f g t p; f
    e o l d ] Tr t e r N i f
    o an un a, o o n ua , an . ac n a e a u,
    vill g a V v i l d ( V ) A l tr c t
    e on a r V i p vill g
    au s an Ni t p t p . so a n ea a oa , a e on ua o u a u
    i l d ( NT ) M t l d l rd
    s an —
    a a u, an o .

    F un g h m
    a Th
    ou t p f br zy p l c Tr t e r T
    a. e o o vill g e Vav u
    a ee a e . ac n a aca , a on a
    i l d (V)
    s an .

    F un g k Th
    a atop w h r
    . th g d w r tr e t d wit h
    e t mp t H g top ; k
    e e e o s e e a e c on e un a, a,

    t o tr t th e g d w it h o t m p t ] Tr c t
    ea o r N k k u v ill g
    s c T g n e . a n ea u un u , a e on on a

    t b i l d (T) T i V k
    a u s an l d l rd —
    u a an o, an o .

    F un g k p l a T p
    u f Up l
    o u. [f g t p; k p l
    o U p l i l d S m ] Tr t
    o o u an a, o u o u, o u s an , a oa . ac

    n ea r N k h i t l v ill g u u T g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    u u, a e r Uihon on a a u s an . so ac n ea a,

    vill g a Ui h
    e i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd
    on a s an —
    a u o, an o .

    wh l t t h H g t p ; l i wh l t th ] Tr t ’ ’
    F un g l i Tha e t p . f e o o a a e s oo un a, o e , a e s oo . ac

    n ear N v t k vill g a T
    u o g t b i l d ( T ) T g i l d l r d Al tr t
    a, a e on on a a u s an —
    un , an o . so ac

    N m k i l d ( H ) A l tr t K t i l d ( H)
    '

    on o a a s an . so ac on o u s an .

    F un g l k il k i
    a e Th t p f th
    e l k il k i tr
    .
    [ f g t p ; l k il k i
    e o o tr ] Tr t e e e ee un a, o e e , a ee . ac

    n ear M f g vill g au an T g t b i l d (T) F k f


    a, a el d l rd
    on on a a u s an —
    a a a n ua , an o .

    F un g l l l
    a e ea o Th l i g of tr . t p f
    e ean n t h r ft r h rri e e es on o o on e ano e a e a u c an

    [f g an t p; l l a, t ; o l t m t d g r ( p p li d t th w i d i
    e e, o r un h rri
    a o, u os e ee a e o e n n a u

    Tr t r T v ill g ac V v i l d (V)
    n ea a ca , a e on a au s an .

    F un g l p l a e Tr t o o. r H l f li vill g ac V v i l d ( V ) Af H l
    n ea aa au u , a e on a au s an —
    u aa a u

    f li l
    u d l rd
    , an o .

    F un g l h a o Th rf o .f t ti l H g e sur f ; l h t ti l ] Hill n
    ace o es c es un a, su a ce o o, es c es . o

    N m k o i l d ( H ) Th g d F ol u t fi w r p ut d t h v liv d i a c v e
    u a s an . e o a ao as e e o a e e n a

    i nt h i h ill s .

    F un g l t Th e
    a o o. rf f d p w t r [f su
    g r f ; l t d p ] Tr t
    a ce o ee r a e un a, su a ce o o, ee . ac n ea

    M t v i vill g
    a a a Ni t p t p
    , i l d ( NT ) A l d i g p l
    a e on t w hi c h
    ua o u a u s an . an n a ce a

    l di g
    an l d ly b
    n c ou m p li h d t h i gh w t r h
    on e th m
    a c co s e a a e ,
    en c e e na e .

    F un g mi i a Th t p pl
    s . f dr m eH g t p;
    o mi i d r m ] ace Tr t i o ea s un a, o s , ea . ac n

    N i f v ill g
    e a u, V v i l d ( V ) S it f C t h li c h r h
    a e on a au s an . e o a o c u c .

    F un g m al Th t p
    oa a . f th m l y m [f g e top ; m
    o l a k i d f y m]
    o e oa a a un a, oa a , n o a a .

    Tr t ac r Uih vill gn ea U ih i l d ( H) a,M l p l d l rd


    a e on a s an —
    a u o, an o .

    F un g m k t a Tho t p f o u i mm v bl t
    .
    [f g
    e o t p; m k t
    o i mm ov bl
    an o a e s on e un a, o o o u, a e

    t ] Tr t i N i f v ill g
    s on e . ac V v i l d ( V) n e a u, a e on a au s an .

    F un g Th
    a ov a v a . t p f th v v tr [ f g t p ; v v
    e o o tr ] Tr t e o r a a ee un a, o o a a, a ee . ac n ea

    V i p v ill g
    a oa , Ni t p t p i l d ( NT ) M t l d l rd
    a e on ua o u a u s an —
    aa u , an o .

    F un g i Th
    as to p
    . f th i hr b [ f
    e g t p; i o hr b ] Tr t
    e s r P gi s u un a, 0 s , a s u . ac n ea an a .

    vill g e a Lif k i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    on u r F gl
    a s an g v ill g F a . so ac n ea an a eo u n a, a e on o

    i l d ( H)
    s an .

    F un g i Th
    as a t p f th
    . m d [f e g t p;
    o i rti fi i l m d ] Hill
    o e r
    ou n un a, o s a, a c a ou n . n ea

    N k u l f v ill g
    ua o a , T g t b i l d ( T ) M t Zi o A l o tr c t
    a e on on N m k a a u s an . . n . s a on o u a

    i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    s an r N i f vill g
    . so V v a i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    ac n ea e a u, a e on a u s an . so ac

    n ea r L i m t v ill g e V v i l d ( V ) F t l d l r d A l tr t
    a ua , a e on r a au s an —
    o u, an o . so ac n ea

    A g h
    n v ill g
    a a, Ni f i l d ( NF ) F t fi l i l d l r d
    a e on u a oou s an —
    o o , an o .

    F un g t a Tr t
    a oa . r H t i h vill g ac T g t b
    n ea i l d ( T) T i H aa e o, a e on on a a u s an —
    u aa

    t ib l d l r d
    e o, an o .

    F un g t ik a Tra c t
    e r F l v i vill g o K p i l an d ( V ) F k a t l l l d
    o. n ea a e a , a e n a a s —
    a u o o, an

    l rd
    o .
    78 B er n ice P . B is hop M u s eu m — B u lletin
    Ha a fa k a h e n ga F am il y li k
    . il li k e ; h g p a ro e th e p a r q t
    o ue [ ha a , fa m y ; f a k a , en a,

    q t (Due o m i c ll r T fa v i vill a g o E i l d ( T )
    e a Tr t ac n ea u a , e n ua s an .

    S i d to b e th
    a m f m W lli i l d A l
    e na tr t e r A l k i e o a ou n a n t i i n a s s an . so ac n a a ,

    vi l l a g e n T g t b i l d ( T ) T i P l h k l d l r d A l tr t e r
    o on a a u s an —
    u e e a e, an o . so ac n a

    P ang i vill g o L i f k i l d ( H ) A l o d i tri t d tr t


    a , a e n r F l l il u a s an . s s c an ac n ea a e oa , v
    l ge o F a i l d ( H ) T it a l d l rd
    a n o s an —
    u , an o .

    H f k l k i F m ily ( f h i f ) t h t
    aa a a a . ec e ril y s how i t a t h orit y [ h a
    a o c e s a un n ssa s s u a,

    f m ily ; f k l k i l k i t
    a xh ibit t m k e a s h ow of] Tr a c t e r F l h u v il
    a a a a , o e , o a . n a a e a ,

    l g a e on Ni t p t p i l d ( NT ) ua o u a u s an .

    H f k
    aa a p Tr t
    a na r T t k m t g vill g
    a . T g t b
    ac i l d ( T) n ea a a a o on a, a e on on a a u s an

    T g i l d l r d Al tr c t
    un , an r H l p k vill ge o L i f k i l d ( H ) A l
    o . so a n ea o o e a, a n u a s an . so

    cem t ry e e r H l p k vill g e o L i f k a i l d ( H ) D d i c a t d to o c o
    n ea o o e a, a n u s an . e e r n

    t d w it h th
    n ec e god Ul g e u en a .

    H f m
    aa a I d tri a f m ily [ h
    . nf m ily ; f m
    us l b r ] Tr tou s r U ih vil a aa, a a a, a o . ac n ea a,

    l g o Ui h i l d ( H ) M a l p l d l or d
    a e n a s an —
    u o, an .

    H f t
    aa a a F m ily f b r r [ h f m ily ; f t t
    . a rry ] Tr t
    o r L l t li
    ea e s aa, a a a, o ca . ac n ea o o e e,

    vill g a T g t b
    e on i l d ( T ) Al o tr t on r F t vill ge F i l d
    a a u s an . s ac n ea o ua , a on oa s an

    (H) A l o tr
    . t e r F l l v ill g e s Fo i l ac d (H) Al tr t on Hu g
    n a a e oa , a on a s an . so ac n a

    i l d ( V ) F l i i l d l rd
    s an —
    u va , an o .

    H tt
    as a Tr t us E ,
    i k i i l an d ( T ) ac on ue s ,

    H f
    a a a ua Tr t r Ulb v ill g
    . Uih aci l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd
    n ea a, a e on a s an —
    a u o, an o .

    H f il
    aa e H g ry f m ily [ h f m ily ; f il h g ry ( p p li d to h i f
    o . un a aa, a e o, un a e c e s

    Tr t d d i tri c t
    ac an r Hi h i f vill g o L i f k i l d ( H )
    s n ea o, a e n u a s an .

    H f il t
    aa e F m ily h g ry f t h ll fi h [ h f m ily ; f i l h g ry ( p p li ed
    o o o. a un or oo s e s aa, a e o, un a

    t o hi f
    c ly ) ; t e s ki d f on D i tri t r Hi h i f v ill g o
    o o, a n o s c n ea o, a e n

    Lif k u i l d (H)a s an .

    H f t k
    aa e u F m ily f rri er [ h f mil y ; f t k t c rry t r m v ] Tr t
    u. a o ca s aa, a e u u, o a , o e o e . ac

    n ea r L p h vill g a T g t b
    a i l d ( T ) P g i l d l rd
    a, a e on on a a u s an —
    an a, an o ,

    H f
    a a e unu F m ily f w v r [ h f m ily ; f
    . a to j i i p l i ti g
    o w av ea e s aa, a e un u, o n n a n or e

    i g]n Tr t . r H i i vill g ac T g t b i l d (T)


    n ea aas n , a e on on a a u s an .

    H f
    a a ev a Th pl ,
    f bi g h i f Tr c t e r L p h vill g
    ace T g t b
    o a c e .
    a n ea a a a, a e on on a a u

    i l d ( T ) P g i l d l r d A l tr t
    s an —
    r T l i vill g o T g
    an a, an o ,
    so ac n ea a a s u, a e n on a

    t b i l d ( T ) T i L k p l d l rd A l i l d ( H )
    a u s an —
    u a e a, an o . so s an .

    H f t ga: F m ily d iri g t b


    a a ia on T g [ h f m ily ; f p r b bly m i p ll
    a es n o e on an aa, a ia , o a ss e

    i g f fi
    n o t d ir ; t g T g ] Tr t
    e, o r M il m v ill g
    es e T g on a, on an . ac n ea as a ea , a e on on a

    t b i l d ( T ) T h i tr t w p r b bl y c p i d by S m
    a u s an . Fiji s ac as o a oc u e a oa n s or a ns ,

    h en c e th e n am e .

    H a a fi s i ut aF m ily f i l d Fiji .
    [h f m ily ; fi i
    a Fiji ; t i l d ] o n an ans aa, a s , an u a, n an .

    Tr t e r V i p v ill g o N i t p t p i l d ( NT ) M t l d l rd
    ac n a a oa , a e n ua o u a u s an —
    as u, an o .

    H f
    a a o e. D i tri t Ni f i l d ( NF ) s c on u a oo u s an .

    H f t
    aa o a F m ily f m . r [ h f m il y ; f t t m
    a g ] Tr t
    o N m k a s s eu s a a, a o a, o as sa e . ac on o u a

    i l d (H)
    s an .

    H f t l ik
    aa o a W th r h r f H f t u [h f t (
    , pr e d i g ) ; li k
    ea w e th r
    e s o e o aa o a aa o a s ee ec n u, a e

    h r ]
    s o e S th t r p i t f N m k i l d ( H )
    . ou ea s e n o n o o u a s an .

    H f k l
    a a ou F m ily of b d tri mm r [ h f m ily ; f k l t tri m w it h b a d ]
    u a . a ea e s aa, a ou u a, o e s .

    Tr t ac r L p h v ill g e
    n ea T g t b i l d ( T ) P g i l d l rd
    a a a, a on on a a u s an —
    an a, an o .

    H f
    aa F m ily of j lly fi h t h r [ h f m ily ; f t
    ua . a t h th j lly fi h ] e -
    s ca c e s aa, a ua , o ca c e e -
    s .

    Tr t ac vill g T g t b i l d ( T ) T i L k p l d l rd a e on on a a u s an —
    u a e a, an o .

    H f
    aa i F m ily f ca rri r [ h f m ily ; f i to rry to t k i th e a r m ]
    ue s a . a o e s aa, a ues a , ca , a e n s .

    Tr t ac r Uih v ill g n ea Ulb i l d ( H ) M l up o l d l r d a, a e on a s an —


    a , an o .

    H f ip k
    aa u F m ily f th fl k of fl y i g f x e [ h f m ily ; f if i fl ock ; p k
    e a . a o e oc n o s aa , a u u , e a,

    flyi g f x ] Tr c t r H t ei h vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) T i
    .

    —
    n o . a n ea aa o, a e n on a a u s an u

    H t i h l d l rd
    aa e o, an o .
    Gi ffor d —
    Tonga n Pla ce Na m es 79

    Ha a fu l u h a o . Tr t ac n ea r Uih a a g e on , vill Ui h a il s and (H) —


    Ma l up o , l a n d or dl .

    Th e V v a au gr p ou is ca ll e d H a a fu l u h a o ; so me m es ti e x l iv
    c us e of K l o oa i l an d
    s .

    A l so lt H f l h
    sp e aa u u au .

    H f
    aa un e F m ily f th br d fr it r [ h f m ily ; f
    . a o br d fr it r ]
    e ea u co e aa, a un e, ea u co e .

    T h e tr t w ac m d b th e m
    as wh liv d
    so na it d t
    e m k th e cau s e an o e on us e o a e e

    br d fr it p d d i g ( f ik k i ) f th e At h i f Tr c t
    ea u u n r K l ov i vill g
    a a a or a c e s , a n ea o a , a e

    on T g t b on i l d ( T ) At l d l rd A l tr t
    a a u s an r T t k m t g v il —
    a, an o , so ac n ea a a a o on a,

    l ga e T on g t b i l d ( T ) T g i l d l rd
    on a a u s an —
    un , an o .

    H f i F mil y of p ll r [ h f m ily ; f i t p ll ] Tr c t
    a a us a . a u r P g i
    e s a a, a us a , o u . a n ea an a ,

    vill g a L if k
    e i l d (H)
    on u a s an .

    H h f
    aa a u T h e f m ily t h t d ri ft d b f r
    . th
    a wi d [ h f m ily ; h f
    a t d ri ft e e o e e n aa, a a u, o

    b f r th w i d ] Tr c t
    e o e e r vill ge n T g t b
    . i l d ( T) a r Xc s n ea a s on on a a u s an : n ea

    l ou a , N k l f d Ni t
    u ua o a , an u oua .

    H h
    aa avea F m ily f th tr g h i f Tr t
    . a r F k k k i vill g o H
    o e s on c e . ac n ea a a a a , a e n aan o

    i l d (H)
    s an .

    H h k
    aa e F m ily f itt r [ h f m ily ; h k t i t
    a . a o s yt h i g ] Tr c t
    e s aa, a e a, o s on an n . a on

    Ni f i l d ( NF ) F i t l d l rd
    F m ily f th p r q t [ h p r q e t ( D m i c ell
    —
    u a oou s an us ua , an o .

    f m ily ; h
    ‘

    H h
    aa gen a. a o g e a o ue aa, a en a, a o u o a

    Tr t r N i f vill g V v i l d ( V)
    ac n ea e a u, a e on a au s an .

    H hi
    aa F m ily
    o . Ah i a hi f [ h f m ily ;
    on hi hi f o,m ] Tr c t e r
    a c e aa, a a o, c e
    ’
    s na e . a n a

    N k u l f vill g o T g t b i l d ( T )
    ua o a , a e n on a a u s an .

    H h k
    aa o F m ily f t h
    o . wh a d [h f m ily ; h k
    o tos e c d i t o s u c c ee aa, a o o, o s uc ee , . e . o

    f ll w ]
    o o D i tri t o .Ni f i l d ( NF )
    s c n u a oo u s an .

    H h
    aa gon F m ily f f m i [ h f m ily ; h g f m i e] Tr t
    e . a o a r F u aa
    ne aa, a on e, a n . ac n ea

    m t o u, vill g e T g t b i l d ( T ) T g i l d l rd A l o tr t
    a on on a a r Nei u s an —
    un , an o . s ac n ea

    f vill ge V v i l d ( V )
    Q l mi h f m ily [ h f mily ; h q l m i h ] Tr t r M gi a
    a u, a on a au s an .

    H h
    aa ou . ua s a aa, a o u, ua s . ac n ea an ,

    vill g a V v i l d ( V ) A l tr c t
    e on a au H m vill g
    s an V v i l d . so a n ea r ou a ,
    a e on a au s an

    ( V) .

    H h
    aa i F m ily t h t
    ua .
    p ill [ha f m ily ; h i t p ill ] Tr t
    a s r Al k i vil
    s aa, a ua , o s . ac n ea a ,

    l ge T g t b i l d ( T ) T i P l h k l d l r d
    a on on a a u s an —
    u e e a e, an o .

    H h
    aa k i F m ily
    ua f p il t
    .
    [h f m ily ; h
    a ki t op il t v l i o s p g ] aa, a ua , o o a es s e n a as s a e .

    Tr t ac r N i f vill g
    n ea T g t b i l d ( T ) A l o tr t
    e a u, a r K k e on on a a u s an . s ac n ea a no u~

    p lo u, v ill g T g t b i l d (T)
    a e on on a a u s an .

    H il
    aa F m ily wit h m rk
    a. a th b d y [ h f m ily ; H m rk a th e b d y ]
    a on e o aa, a e, a on o .

    Tr t ac r Ni t n ea v ill g T g t b i l d (T)
    u ou a , a e on on a a u s an .

    H k h
    aa a F m ily f r d [ h f m ily ; k h
    o . a od ] Tr t ee r Ah vill g e
    s a a, a a o, r e e s . ac n ea au, a

    on T g t b on i l d ( T ) L ik l d l rd
    a a u s an —
    as e, an o .

    H k l
    aa a e. F m ily f f t r a r [ h f m ily ; k l t o as f t] T ct e r u nn e s aa, a a e, o r un as . ra n a
    V i i vill g
    a n , T g t b i l d ( T ) M f l d l rd
    a e on on a a u s an —
    a a u, an o .

    H k l
    aa a ua F m ily f th fl p p i g il [ h f mily ; k l th e fl p p i g of th
    . a o e a n sa aa, a a ua , a n e
    sail ] Tr t . r vill g ac s T g t b i l d (T)
    n ea r V it g V i i
    a es on on a a u s an : n ea e on o, a n
    M f aa a , l d l r d ; T t k m t g T g i l d l ord ; L p h P g i l an d l r d
    an o a a a o on a— un ,
    an a a a— an a, o
    H i o , d F an m t T g i l d l r d A l tr t
    ua a o u— r F gl gun vill g , an o . .
    so ac n ea an a e oun a, a e
    on F i l d ( H ) Ni k p l d l r d A l tr t
    oa s an r v ill g
    —
    u V v a u, an o . so ac s n ea a es on a au
    i l d (V)
    s an r T fi i L i l d l rd ; N i f L i m t
    : n ea e F o t l d l or d d
    s —
    ua n , an o e a u, e a ua — u, an , an
    H l g o on a .

    H k l
    aa l
    a u a uo F m ily f m y h ll w [ h f m ily ; k l l m y h ll w ]
    a o an o o s aa, a a ua uo , an o o s .

    Pl a ce V v i l d ( V ) N r Mt K f w h r th r
    on a au s an tw m ll h ill . ea . a oa , e e e e are o s a s
    said t h v b o tw g d L ta e d T k wh
    e en w re h o g d t t h i f rm
    o s , o u an o a, o e c an e o s o .

    H k m Vill g
    aa a e. d tr t r v ill g a e T ga t b
    an i l d ( T ) : ar Hac s n ea a es on on a u s an ne aa
    k m a ed K l an g N k l d l rd o on a— u u, an o .

    H k m l l
    aa a L w r H
    e a o k m .
    [l l l w r ] Tr t
    o e r H m vill g e
    aa a e a o, o e . ac n ea ou a, a on
    T on g t b i l d ( T) V
    a a u l d l rd s an —
    a ea , an o .
    80 B er n ice P . B is hop M us eu m — B ulle tin
    Ha a k a u l u . Tr t ac nea r Ta ta k a m oton ga , vill age on Ton ga ta b u il s and ( T) — T un gi ,

    l a d l rd
    n o .

    Ha a k a u u l u F m il y f t h a d [ h f m il y ; k l ten h a d ] Tr c t
    . a o en r e s aa, a a u u u, e s . a n ea

    H l g vill g
    o on T
    a, g t bu i l d (T) a Al e tr ton r A l k i vill g on a a s an . so ac n ea a , a e on

    T g t bu i l d ( T) T i P el h k l d l or d e e, an
    —
    on a a s an u a .

    H k
    aa F mil y f th l g br d fr it [ h f mil y ; k th e l g k i n d f br d
    ea. a o e on ea u a a, a ea , on o ea

    fr it ]
    u Tr c t . r K l g vill g a T g t b
    nea i l d ( T ) N k u l d l rd
    o on a, a e on on a a u s an —
    u , an o .

    Al sotra t r H m l v ill g
    c T
    n ea g t b i l d ( T ) P gi l d l rd
    a u a, a e on on a a u s an —
    an a, an o .

    H k if
    aa e F m il y till ( titl d to th e ) t urtl e [ h f m ily ; k i till y et ;
    on u. a s en e aa, a e , s ,

    f o n u, t rtl ] Tr t u r T t k m t ga vill g
    e . T
    ac g ta b i l d ( T)
    n ea a a a o on , a e on on a u s an

    T u g i l d l rd T rtl
    n ,
    an e lw y r g r d d a th c h i f s r g r d l
    o . u f wh
    es ar a a s e a e s e e
    ’

    , e a es s o o

    c pt r
    a th m
    u es e .

    H k if
    aa e F m ily till m o lti g [ h f m ily ; k i till ; f
    u na . a s to m o lt ] Tr c t u n aa, a e , s u na , u . a

    n ea r N k l of vill g u Tua g t b i l d ( T ) Al tr t
    a, a r T fi i vil
    e on on a a u s an . so ac n ea e s ,

    l g e o V a v a i l d ( V ) L i l d l or d
    a n u s an —
    ua n , an .

    H k l
    aa M d d y f m ily [ h
    e e. f m ily ; k l
    u m ddy] a Tr c t r K l ga vill a ge aa, a e e, u . a n ea o on ,

    on T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) N k l d l rd
    a a u s an —
    u u, an o .

    H k l i F m ily f d i gg e r [ h
    aa e . a f m ily ; k li t d i g]
    o Tr c t ea r F t mu vil s a a, a e , o . a n a u ,

    l g
    a T
    e on g t b i l d (T) on a a u s an .

    H k ili S k i f m il y [ h f m ily ; k ili k i ] Tr c t


    aa . n a r K l o vill g e aa, a , s n . a n ea o na , a on

    T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) A l vill g
    a a u T
    s an g t b i l d ( T ) A d j i i g Ah. so a e on on a a u s an . o n n au .

    Al so tr t r L p h v ill g
    ac T
    n ea g t b i l d ( T ) P g i l d l rd
    a a a, a e on on a a u s an —
    an a, an o .

    H ki
    aa F m ily t h t h ir p li k
    o . a hi k [h f m il y ; k i
    a tc h ir p s e a c c en a a, a o, o c as a

    chi k c ] Vill g
    en V v i l d ( V ) A l tr t i H k i vill g
    . a e on a au s an . so ac n aa o, a e on

    V v i l d (V)
    a au s an .

    H ki l l
    aa o a o L w er H ki.
    [l l l we r ] Tr c t
    o r H k i vill g
    aa V v u
    o a o, o . a n ea aa o, a e on a a

    i l d (V)
    s an .

    H k k
    aa o F m il y t h t p ri t t p a [ h f mily ; k k t p ri t t p ] Tr c t e r
    a . a a n s a a a, a o a, o n a a . a n a

    Hi h i f vill g o, Lif k i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    a e on P g i vill g u Lif k
    a s an . so ac n ear an a , a e on u a

    i l d ( H ) A l d i tri t
    s an Lif k . i l d ( H ) A l d i tri t
    so s r Ut i v il c on u a s an . so s c n ea u ,

    l g
    a e onV v i l d ( V ) A l tr t a au r Ut i v ill g e
    s an V v i l d (V) . so ac n ea u ,
    a on a au s an

    V ik e l d l rd Al vill g
    un e , an V v u i l d ( V ) P rt f Ut i
    o .
    ‘

    so a e on a a s an . a o u .

    H k k l
    aa o F m ily f th r m bli g i e i th t m h [ h f m ily ; k k l
    o o . a o e u n no s n e s o ac aa, a o o o,

    r mb li g oi i th tom h ] Tr t
    u n n se r P g i vill g e o L i f k i l d
    n e s ac . ac n ea an a , a n u a s an

    (H) .

    H k l
    aa B gg i g f m ily [ h
    o e. e f m ily ; k l n t b g] Tr t e r L g m p
    a aa, a o e, o e . ac n a on o a u,

    vill g a V va i l d ( V ) V ik
    e on a l d l rd u s an —
    e un e , an o .

    H k l
    aa T ow f m ily [ h f m ily ; k l t w ] Tr c t
    o o. n a r H t v ill g aa, a o o, o n . a n ea a a oa , a e on

    T on g t b a a i l d ( T ) A l o tr c t
    u r V t
    s an vill g T g t b . i la d s a n ea a o uu , a e on on a a u s n

    (T) T i V k
    —
    o l u d l rd a an , an o .

    H k l k l
    aa o o F m ily t h t b il t h i g [ h f mil y ; k l k l to b oil ] Tr c t o
    o o. a a o s n s aa, a o o o o, a n

    F on o if a i l d (H)
    u T i A fi t
    s an l d l rd —
    u u, an o .

    H aa k l t mo o o F m ily f th a c it d t w
    .
    [h a f m ily ; k l t ow ; t m c o
    o e c on e e o n a a, a o o, n o a, n

    ce i te d v a i ] ,
    Tr c t r vill g
    n .T g t b i l d (T)
    a s r H k
    n ea a es on on a a u s an : n ea a a va a

    t l A h m e l d l rd ; F i V h i l d l r d a d T k i M t p k l d
    o o— o e, an o ou —
    a a , an o , n ee u— o ua ua a, an

    l rd
    o .

    H k l
    aa F m il y f th k l tr e [ h f mily ; k l tr ] Tra t
    u u. a o e r Uih u u e aa, a u u, ee . c n ea a,

    vill ge o Uih a i l d ( H ) M l p l d l r d
    a n s an —
    a u o, an o .

    H k m
    aa u R t f mil y [ h
    a. f mi l y ; k m
    a t]a Tr c t ea r N k u l of vill ge aa, a u a, ra . a n u a a, a

    on T g t b
    on i l d (T) a a u s an .

    H k m i F m il y o f
    aa u . k r [h
    a f m il y ; k mi to ek ] Tr c t a r K ol on ga
    s ee e s a a, a u , se . a ne ,

    vill g e a T g t b on i l d ( T ) N k l d l or d
    on a a u s an - u u, an .

    H k p d Tr c t ea r Ul b
    aa u . vill g e a Uih a i l d ( H ) M a l up o l d l or d
    n a, a on s an —
    , an .
    82 B er n ice P . B is hop M us e n na —
    B u lle tin
    F m il y d h d b t by th w v [ h f m ily ; l k i t b d h ed
    Ha a l o k e . a as e a ou e a es aa, a o e a, o e as

    ab t by th w v ] Tr c t
    ou r L p h a vill a g e e T g t b a i l d (T)
    es . a n ea a a , on on a a u s an

    P gi l d l rd
    an a, an o .

    H l t
    aa o aF m il y t h t x h rt [ h f m ily ; l t k i to e xh rt ] Di tri c t L i f k
    . a a e o s a a, a o a , o . s on u a

    i l d ( H)
    s an .

    H l t M i d d l f m ily [ h
    a a o o. f m ily ; l t mi d d l ] Tr c t
    e r vill g
    a T aa, a o o, e . a n ea a es on on

    g t ba ai l d (T) u r N k l of L p h P g i l d l r d ; N k l k
    s an : n ea u ua a, a a a— an a, an o u u e a
    P gi l d l rd ; M k
    an a, g P gi l d l rd an d T l f
    o La ki l d a a un a— an a, an o ,
    an a a oo u— na , an

    l rd A l tr t
    o . F t h i l d (H)
    so Al tr t ac Ok i l d ( V ) Al
    on o u aa s an . so ac on oa s an . so

    tr t ac sr vill g V v i l d (V)
    n ea r M k a v T i A fi tu l a d l r d ;
    a es on a au s an : n ea a e— u , n o

    H m ou d H ki Al
    a, an tr t r T g m m vill g aa Ni f i l d
    o . so ac n ea on a a a o, a e on u a oou s an

    ( NF ) .

    F mil y i th
    Ha a l o to a . l r [ h f m ily ; l t
    a l r ] Tr c t a r
    n e e n c os u e a a, a o oa , e n c os u e . a ne

    Ah vill g o T g t b i l d ( T )
    au, a e n on a a u s an .

    H l t t
    a a o ou a I l d H l t [ t i l d ] Tr t
    . n an r P vill g T g t b
    aa o o u a, n an . ac n ea ea, a e on on a a u

    i l d ( T ) L v k l d l rd
    s an —
    a a a, an o .

    H l
    a a o ua n
    g F m ily f th g i g r l f [ h f m ily ; l
    o . a l f; g gi g r]
    o e n e ea aa, a o u, ea an o, n e .

    Tr t ac r F t m v ill gn ea To g t b i l d (T)
    a u u, a e on n a a u s an .

    H l i F m ily
    a a o us f th . i l f [h f m ily ; l
    a l f ; i p l t ] Tr t
    o r e s ea aa, a o u, ea s , a an . ac n ea

    F l h vill g
    o a T
    a, g t b i l d (T) a e on on a a u s an .

    H l m
    aa u F m ily f a. ff r [h f m ily ; l m
    a t ff] A f rm r vill g
    o s co e s aa, a u a, o s co . o e a e

    t h f K l m il
    s ou o E i l d ( T ) b d d i C h ri ti ti m i t i h b
    o o a e , on ua s an . a an on e n s an es , s n a

    it tan s w li v i g i O h no Al tr t r T f i v ill g
    n E i l d ( T)
    n on u a . so ac n ea u uv a ,
    a e on ua s an .

    Al tr t
    so r Oh acv ill g E i l d ( T ) Al tr t
    n ea r L p hon u a , a e on ua s an . so ac n ea a a a,

    vill g a T g t b
    e i l d ( T ) P gi l d l rd
    on on a a u s an —
    an a, an o .

    H l p
    aa u F m ily f th k i g fi h [ h f mily ; l p k i g fi h ] Tr t e r
    o . a o e n s a a, a u o, n s . ac n a

    H l p k vill g
    o o e L if k i l d (H)
    a, a e on u a s an .

    H l
    a a uuk P r b bly H au t k . Tr t r H m vill g
    o a V va u i l d a a uu au . ac n ea ou a, a e on a s an

    (V )
    Ha a m a h e Tr t r V ot
    ,
    ill g T acg t b i l d (T) T i V k
    n ea a uu , v a e on on a a u s an —
    u a a n o,

    l d l r d A l tr t
    an o r T l f
    . v ill g soT g t b i l d (T) L k i
    ac n ea a a o ou , a e on on a a u s an —
    ana ,

    l d l rd Al tr t
    an o r P k t l v ill g o H
    . so i l d (H) T i H
    ac n ea u o a a, a e n aano s an —
    u aa

    g
    n l d l r d Al tr t
    ana , an r Ng ho v ill g . Ut g k i l d (V)
    so ac n ea a u no o, a e on un a e s an .

    Al tr t
    so r Ut l i vill gac P g im t
    n ea i l d ( V ) A l tr t u e r , a e on an a o u s an . so ac n ea

    N i f vill g
    e a u, V v i l d ( V ) A l tr c t e r F l et v ill g
    a e on a Va au s an . so a n a e oa , a e on

    v aui l d ( V ) A l tr t
    s an r V i p vill g N i t op t p
    . i l d ( NT )
    so ac n ea a oa , a e on ua u a u s an

    M t-
    l d l rd
    a a u, an o .

    H m k
    aa aF m ily m r d fr m h d t f t w it h bl k p i g m t [ h f m ily ;
    o . a s ea e o ea o oo ac en a a, a

    m k a t bo, m r d fr m h d t o f t w it h bl
    e s k p i gm ea t ] Tr t ea r
    e o ea o oo ac en . ac n

    T k iv l
    ua n e vill g V v i l d (V) a e, a e on a au s an .

    H m l
    aa F m ily t h t w i i g m [ h f m ily ; m l
    a o . a wi r i g m ]
    a ns n a es aa, a a o, a nn e n a es .

    Tr t ac r L p h vill gn ea T g t b i l d ( T ) P gi l d l rd
    a a a, a e on on a a u s an —
    an a, an o .

    H m l i l ik
    aa H
    a o m l th w t h r h r [ li k w t h r h r ] Tr t
    u . aa a o on r e ea e s o e u, ea e s o e . ac n ea

    H i v ill g
    o , T g t b i l
    a d (T) e on on a a u s an .

    H maa g an F m ily f M g [ h o. f m ily ; m


    a g i l d of th e H p i
    o an o aa, a an o, an s an aa a

    g r p ] Tr t
    ou .r vill g o V v i l d ( V ) ac s r T f i T
    n ea a es n a au s an : n ea a eu n ,
    a a n ea

    V h i la dl d
    a h
    d H l f li
    an or , an aa au u .

    H m t gi F m ily
    aa a an f th wi d [ h . f m ily ; m t
    a gi wi d ] Tr t o r e n aa, a a an ,
    n . ac nea

    T t k m t
    a a g v ill g
    a T g t b
    o on i l d ( T ) T g i l d l r d A l o tr t
    a, a e on on a a u s an —
    un , an o . s ac

    near H m l vill g e o T g t b i l d ( T ) P g i
    a u a, l an d l r d
    a n on a a u s an —
    an a, o .

    H m t
    aa F m ily o f d t h [ h f m ily ; m t d t h ] Tr c t e r V it g
    a e . a ea a a, a a e, ea . a n a e on o,

    ill g
    v a T g t b
    e on i l d (T) on a a u s an .
    Gi ffor d —
    To nga n P la c e Na mes 83

    Ha a m a t u a F mil y f l d rly p p l [ h
    . a f m ily ; om t l d rly p p l ]
    e e eo e aa, a a ua , e e eo e ,

    F rm r vill g
    o e T f i l d ( H ) Al tr t o H f
    a e on i l d ( H)
    o ua s an . so ac n a a ev a s an

    T uuh et k l d l or d
    o a, an .

    H m i F m ily
    aa au . f M i th d m i g d ;
    a livi g f m il y ; [ h f m ily ; m i
    o au e e o or n a aa, a au ,

    a li v w ll e, v l c t p p li d to v r l ] Tr t
    e , c on a es r K l g vi ll g
    en , a e se e a . ac n ea o on a, a e on

    T ong t b a ai l d ( T ) N k l d l rd
    u s an —
    u u, an o .

    H m t
    aa F m ily f w p ri
    a u a u. r [ h f m ily ; m t bt i t p e ;
    a o ar s on e s aa, a a u, o o a n, o os s ss

    t a u, w ] Tr t
    ar r S p t vill g
    . ac Ni f on eai l d ( NF ) A l tr t a aa a, a e on ua o u s an . so ac

    n ea r F t l vill g a au ua, Ni f i l d ( NF ) a e on ua oou s an .

    H m
    aa F m il y t h t tt d t [ h f m ily ; m t tt d t ] Tr t
    ea. a a a en r s o a a, a ea , o a en o . ac n ea

    Oh on u a ,vill g e E i l d ( T ) A l tr t d d i tri t
    a on r F t i vill g
    ua s an . so ac an s c n ea a a , a e

    on T g t bon i l d ( T ) Al t t
    a a u r N k l f v ill g
    s an T g t b . so rac n ea u ua o a , a e on on a a u

    i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    s an r H l f li vill g
    . so V v i l d ( V ) Af
    ac n ea aa au u , a e on a au s an —
    u

    H l f li l d l rd A l tr t
    aa au u , r H l g vill g
    an o . V v i l d (V) so ac n ea o on a, a e on a au s an .

    H m
    aa l i F m ily t h t
    e neu b y th
    . ll of t r [ h f m ily ; m
    a a li t o b ye s e ca na u e aa, a e ne u , o o e

    th e ll f t r ] Tr t
    ca o r T k i vill g
    na u e T .
    g t b i l d ( T) ac n ea ee u, a e on on a a u s an

    M t p k
    o ua l d l rd A l tr t
    ua a, r K l g vill g
    an o T .
    g t b il d so ac n ea o on a, a e on on a a u s an

    ( T) N k —
    l d l r d F r m r m f v ill g f Ni t
    u u, an o . T g t b oi l d e na e o a e o u ou a on on a a u s an

    (T) Al. tr t r U i h v ill g


    so Ui h
    ac i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd
    n ea a, a e on a s an —
    a u o, an o .

    H m
    aa F m il y f th c h i k [ h f m ily ; m
    ea . a o hi k ] e p rh p k ill i g
    c en aa, a oa , c c en or e a s n

    li k f wl [ h ( h h ) t t i k ; m
    e o s aa hi k ] P r b bly i m t c
    or a a , o s r e oa , c c en . o a n os a s es

    th e tr t ac s m d f S m a reH m b i g th T g
    na e m f or th t a oa , aa oa e n e on an na e or a

    c oun try Tr t . r Oh vill g ac E i l d ( T ) Al tr t


    n ea r
    on u a , a e on ua s an . so ac s n ea

    vill g a es T g t b on i l d (T) r K l v i A t l d l rd L k p
    on a a u s an : n ea o o a —
    a, an o , a e a

    L asik l d l r d d H m l P g i l d l r d A l tr t
    e, an o , an O i l d (H)
    a u a— an a, an o . so ac on ua s an .

    Al so li ff c F t h i l d (H) S
    on m d bo u aa S m j mp d fr m
    s an . o na e ec a u s e a a oa n u e o

    it d w k ill d d b m
    an as t wh i h i
    e w p i t d
    an t Al tr c t
    ec a e a s on e , c s no o n e ou . so a

    n ea r F gl an g vill g o F i l d ( H ) Ni k p l d l r d A l tr c t
    a eou n a, a e n oa s an —
    u a u, an o . so a

    on N i fo ua i l d ( NF ) ou s an .

    H m
    aa oa na.F m ily f th [h a f m ily ; m o c ] Tr t rN k
    e o c ea n aa, a oa n a , o ea n . ac n ea u u

    l f
    a o a, vill g T g t b a i l d (T) e on on a a u s an .

    H m f t
    aa a u a F m ily t h t . m d pra d d d ri g g it [ h a f m ily ; m f t
    assu e a ou an a n a aa , a o u a,

    t o as sum pr d d d
    e a i g g it ] Tr c t ou r L p h v ill g o T g t b u
    an ar n a . a n ea a a a, a e n on a a

    i l d ( T ) P g i l d l r d A l tr t
    s an —
    an r H m l vill g
    a, an T g t bu o . so ac n ea a u a, a e on on a a

    i l d ( T ) P gi l d l rd
    s an —
    an a, an o .

    H m k
    aa o F m ily f th g k [ h f m ily ; m k g k ] Tr t d f rtr
    o. a o e ec o a a, a o o, ec o . ac an o es s

    g t a e r M tf
    n ea v ill g T g t b i l d (T) T i V k
    a a on u a , l d l rd a e on on a a u s an —
    u a a n o, an o .

    G t a e ont h t b y t i d f f rtr
    s ou f H l
    ea s -
    Al tr t -
    r M f g
    ea s s e o o es s o u e . so ac n ea au an a,

    v ill g a Te g t b
    on i l d ( T) F k f on l d l rd
    a a u s an —
    a a a n ua , an o .

    H m l
    aa o oF m ily f t mp r [ h f m il y ; m l k i t t mp t tr d ] Tr t
    .
    a o s a e s a a, a o a , o s a ,
    o ea , ac

    n ea r H t i h v ill g aa e T g t b i l d ( T ) T i H t ih
    o, a e on on a a u s an —
    u aa e o .

    H m l l l
    aa o o a o L w r H m l .
    [l l l w r ] Tr c t
    o e r H t i h o v ill g o
    aa o o a o, o e . a n ea aa e ,
    a e n

    T g t p i l d ( T ) T i H t i h l d l rd
    on a a u s an —
    u aa e o, an o .

    H m l l ik
    aa o o H m l th
    u . w th r h r aa [ li k w t h r h r ] Tr t
    o o on r e ea e s o e u, ea e s o e . ac n ea

    H t i h vill g
    aa e o, T g t b i l d ( T ) T i H t i h l d l rd
    a e on on a a u s an —
    u aa e o, an o .

    H m m
    aa o Tr toe . r N i f v ill g V v i l d (V)
    ac n ea e a u, a e on a au s an .

    H m
    aa g onm i B rd aa f M i [h m g
    au ,
    b rdu rri den o th h ld r au aa on a, a u en ca e on e s ou e s,

    s us p d d fr m
    en eh d f ti k ; o f; m ea c l th d mig d ] Trilit h
    en o a s c a, o au , e e o . on

    n ea r Ni t vill gu ou a , T g t b i l d (T) a e on on a a u s an .

    H m t
    aa F m ily of th bi g t [ h f m ily ; m t
    o ua v a e . a bi g t ] Tr t e oe aa, a o ua v a e , oe . ac

    on U l i l d ( H ) A l tr t d d i tri t
    o e va s an r P g i vill g , Lif k so ac an s c n ea an a ,
    a e on u a

    i l d ( H)
    s an .
    84 B er n i c e P . B is hop M u s eu m —
    B ulletin
    Ha a m ot u k u ,
    F am ily
    ily ; m t k h ro ] Tr t
    of th e h e r r on [ h a a , fa m o u u, e n . ac s n ea
    v ill g a esT g t b on i l d T on r H m Va a l d l rd L p h
    a a u s an ( ) : n ea ou a— e , an o , a a a
    P an gi l d l rd M k
    a, an g P g i l d l rd K l g N k l d l rd
    o , a a un d a— an a, an o , o on a— u u, an o , an
    F m t T g i l d l rd A l o tr c t e r P g i vill g
    ua a o u— un ,
    an L if k o i l d . s a n a an a , a e on u a s an

    (H) . A l o tr c t d d i tri c t
    s r F a k k k ai vill g
    a an H i l d (H)
    s n ea a a , a e on aano s an .

    Al so tr a t vill g e
    c s V v i l d ( V)
    n e ar r Ni f T f i a d
    a s on a au s an : n ea e a u, a eu n , n

    T e V h i l d l rd
    a an a- a a , an o .

    H m t k l l
    aa o u L w r H u a o.m t k [l l l w r ] Tr c t
    o e r H um vill a g e o
    aa o u u a o, o e . a n ea o a, n

    To g t b
    n a a i l d (T) V u l d l rd
    s an —
    a ea , an o .

    H m
    aa un i F m ily . f M i [h
    a f m ily ; m oi T o g h r ] Tr c t e r
    un aa, a un , a n an e o . a n a

    Oh on u a ,v ill g E i l d ( T ) Al t t
    a e on r H l g vill gua T
    s an . so rac n ea o on a, a e on on

    g t ba a i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    u s an r L p h vill g . T g t b i l d (T)
    so ac n ea a a a, a e on on a a u s an
    —
    P ang i l d l r d Al a, tr t d d i tri t
    an o r P g i vill g
    . soLif k ac an s c n ea an a , a e on u a

    i l d ( H ) A l tr c t
    s an .r T k vill g o V v i l d ( V ) Ul k
    so a n ea ua n u u, a e n a au s an —
    u a

    l l l d l rd
    a a, an o .

    H aan u i m F m ily of th br w
    ea. a t [ h f m ily ; i m br w e c o n c oc on u s aa, a n u ea, o n co o

    nu t] .Tr a t r Oh c ill g e n ea E i l d ( T ) Al tr t on u a , v r H m l a on ua s an . so ac nea a u a,

    vill g a e To g t b u i l
    on d ( T) P n gi l d l rd
    a a s an —
    an a, an o .

    H a a n o. F m ily f b rr w r [ h f m ily ;
    a o t ob orr w ] Tr t e r v i ll g
    o e s aa, a n o, o o . ac s n a a es

    on T g t b
    on i l d (T)
    a a ur F h ef V h l l d l r d N k l f
    s an :d n ea a a— ee a a, an o , u ua o a , an

    L on g t m V ik
    o e l d l rd A l i l d ( H ) A l o vill g
    e— e u ne, an H o . so s an . s a e on a an o

    i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    s an .r T f i vill g so V v i l d (V)ac nea a eu n ,
    a e on a au s an .

    H aano a f Tr t e r Ut l a vill g o T g t b i l d ( T )
    . ac n a u u, a e n on a a u s an .

    H aa no u f F m ily f th e t fi h [ h f m ily ; f
    . a o ki d f fi h] no u Tr c t a r s a a, a n o u, a n o s . a ne

    N k u unu k vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) T i V k
    u, a e n l d l r d A l o tr t
    on a a u s an —
    u a a n o, an o . s ac

    n ear F l v i vill g a e K p i l d ( V ) F k t l l l d l rd
    a , a e on a a s an —
    a a u o o, an o .

    H a a n o n u. F m ily f th a tr [ h f mily ; o tr ] Tr t
    e n on u r ee aa, a n o n u, a ee . ac n ea

    V t vill g
    a o uu , T g t b a i l d ( T) T i V k
    e on l d l rd
    on a a u s an —
    u a a n o, an o .

    H a a n os i i L ittl . H [ ii littl ] e Tr a c t r H
    aa no vill g H s i l
    ,
    d e . n ea a a n o, a e on a a no s an

    ( H) T i H g u l d l rd a an an a, an o

    q r d t w [ h f m ily ; k t w ; t k
    — .

    H F m ily f th
    q r d ] Tr t a r L t f ill g
    aa nu k t k u o a . a o e c on ue e o n a a, a nu u, o n o a,

    c on ue e . ac F i l d (H) T i P l h k
    ne o o oa , v a e on oa s an —
    u e e a e,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    H aa n g f a a.Th w rk i g f m ily [ h e f m il y ;o g f p rti o


    n of w r k ]
    a Tr t aa, a n a a, a o n o . ac

    n ea r H t vill g a u u, T g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    a e on r Hi h i f vill g
    on a a u s an . so ac n ea o, a e

    on Lif k i l d (H)
    u a s an .

    H aa n g a na.Th w ll k w f m ily [ h f m ily ; g


    e e t pr
    no d b r ad
    n a aa, a n a na , o s ea a o , as a

    na m ] e f m ily
    , orf Ng t t fa f rm r h i f f H o i l d d br t h r
    a n a a a u, a o e c e o a an o s an an o e

    o f th 20th T i T
    e g T t f ik im im u Tr t r Oh
    on avill g a a ue e ua . ac n ea on u a , a e on

    E ua i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    s an r K l v i v ill g
    .
    T sog t b i l d ( T ) At
    ac n ea o o a a e on on a a u s an —
    a,

    l d l r d A l tr t
    an o . r L p h v ill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) P g i
    so ac n ea a a a, a e n on a a u s an —
    an a,

    l d l r d A l tr t N m k i l d ( H ) Al d i tri t
    an o . so ac on r Ui h v ill g o u a s an . so s c n ea a, a e on

    U ih i l a d (H)
    s an M l p l d l r d Al tr t —
    r Hi h i f vill g o L i f k
    a u o, an o . so ac n ea o, a e n u a

    i l d ( H ) Al d i tri t
    s an . H i l d (H) so s c on aa no s an .

    H aan g t
    a na u a I l d H g.
    [ tn an i l d ] Tr t r Ulb vill g e o Uih
    a an ana u a, n an . ac n ea a, a n a

    i l d ( H ) M l p o l d l rd
    s an —
    a u ,
    an o .

    H aan g aF m ily of th g i g r p l t [ h f m ily ; g g i g er ] Tr a c t o N


    . a e n e an aa, a an o, n . n o

    m k i l d (H)
    u a s an .

    H aa n g l o o F m ily t h t p k t h r gh th
    . a [h af m ily ; g l
    s tea p k s ou e n os e aa, a n o o, o s ea

    t h r g h th
    ou ] Tr t e n os e r V eit g v ill g e . T g t bu i l acd (T) n ea on o, a on on a a s an .

    H aa n g l t o o a u. F m ily f r t [ h f m ily ; g l ta o r t ] Tr t i
    un d
    es a a, a n o o a u, u n es . ac s n an

    n ea r N k l f v ill g u ua o a , T g t b i l d (T) a e on on a a u s an .
    86 B er n ice P . B is hop M us eu m — B ulletin
    H a a s ia l e . F amil y of th e s n i gl g rd i e a en a [ h a a , fa m ily ; i l i g l g rd e i a ] s a e, s n e a n .

    Tr t ac n eavill g e r Haal l
    To g t b a o, a on n a a u i l d ( T ) A l o tr c t
    s an r V l . s a n ea e

    t g vill g o T g t b i l d ( T )
    on o, a e n on a a u s an . Al tr t so r F e l t vill a ge on
    ac n ea e oa ,

    V v i l d ( V)
    a au s an .

    H aas i k i l i F m il y t h t it
    u . it h a l i fi lt h [ h f m il y ; i k i t i t a th s s on s ee s n aa, a s , o s on e
    h ee l ; l i fi lt h ]
    s Tr tu r P g i vill g
    , E i l d (T)
    . ac n ea an a , a e on ua s an .

    H a as im i Tr t . r N k l f vill g ac T g t bu i ln ea d (T) u ua o a , a e on on a a s an .

    H i
    a as na F m il y f th l g w d g e f p litti g k v [ h f mil y ; i
    . a o l g e on e or s n a a a a, a s na, on

    w d ge fe p litti g k v ] or Tr t a r T t k m t g vill g o T g t b
    s n a a . ac ne a a a o on a, a e n on a a u

    i l d ( T ) T g i l d l rd
    s an —
    un , an o .

    H i i F mily t h t b c m
    aas n . a ti t d [ h f mily ; i i t b a ti t d ] Tr c t e a e sa a e a a, a s n , o e sa a e . a

    n ea r Oh vill g o E i l d ( T ) A l tr t a r N k l f vill g o
    on u a , a e n ua s an . so ac ne u ua o a , a e n

    T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) A l vill g
    a a u T
    s an g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr t a r . so a e on on a a u s an . so ac ne

    P ang i vill g a ,
    Lif k i l d (H) a e on u a s an .

    H t f F m ily t h t f
    aa a u, th fi
    a [h f m ily ; t f t f th a fi ] Vill g ans e re aa, a a u, o an e re . a e

    on T g t b on i l d (T) a a u s an .

    H t f t
    aa a uu a. I l d H t f [ t i l d ] Tr t n an r H t f vill g T g
    aa a u u a, n an . ac n ea a a a u, a e on on a

    t b i l d ( T ) A l tr c t
    a u s an r K l v i v ill g T .
    g t b i l d ( T)so a n ea o o a ,
    a e on on a a u s an

    At l d l rd
    a, an o .

    H t k if g
    aa a a F m il y t h t g
    an b t
    a th
    . h re [ h a f m ily ; t k t g a oes a ou on e s o aa, a a a, o o

    ab t; i ou ; f g h r ]
    , Tr t
    on r N i f vill g e o T g t b i l d
    an a, s o e . ac n ea e a u, a n on a a u s an

    (T) .

    H t k l
    aa a Tr ta a. Ni f i l d ( NF ) ac on u a oou s an .

    H t k l
    aa a F m il y of th T i T g T k l
    a a ua . a [h f m ily ; t k l th e u on a a a aua a a, a a a a ua , e

    tw e ty t h ird T i T g ] Tr t
    n — r F m t vill g u T g t b i l d
    on a . ac n ea ua a o u, a e on on a a u s an

    (T) T —
    g i l d l r d A l d i tri t
    un ,
    T g t b
    an i l d ( T ) A th r m f
    o . so s c on on a a u s an . no e na e or

    K l v ill g
    ou o , L if k i l d (H) a e on u a s an .

    H t l f l
    aa a a a e F a m ily v r i g i th h
    . [h f m ily ; t l to c v r ;
    c on e s n n e ou s e aa, a a a, on e se

    f l a e, ho ] S id t r ef r t h i gh h i f itti g i h
    us e . a w h il e c m m r o e o c e s s n n ou s e o on e s

    w or k t i d Tr t ou s r A l k i vill g e T
    . g t b i l d (T) T i P l
    ac n ea a ,
    a e on on a a u s an -
    u e e

    h k a l d l rd A l d i tri t
    e, an r F t
    o vill g . F i l d ( H) T i
    so s c n ea o ua , a e on oa s an —
    u

    P l h k
    e e l d l r d A l d i tri t e r L i m t vill g o V v i l d ( V )
    a e, an o . so s c n a e a ua , a e n a au s an
    — T i P l h k
    u l d l ord
    e e a e, an .

    H t l m h
    aa a a F mily t h t c v r w it h H v a [ h f mi l y ; t l t c o
    o av ea . a a on e s es a e aa, a a a, o n

    v r ; m w it h ; H
    e se p r
    o, l m ] Tr c t vill g T g avea , a e s on a na e . a s n ear a es on on a

    t b i l d (T)
    a u s an r N k l f M f g F k f l d l rd an d V i i
    : n ea u ua o a , au an a— a a a n ua , an o , a n
    —
    M f l d l rd
    a a u, an o .

    H t l
    aa a a u l i F m il y f d irty t l k [ h
    . a f m ily ; t l t t lk ; li o Tr t a aa, a a a, o a u , ac

    n ea r Ah v ill g e T a u, g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr t a Ok i l d (V)
    on on a a u s an . so ac on oa s an .

    H t m
    aa a i F m il yan f th i y t h [ h f m ily ; t m y t h ; i t h i ] Tr t
    ,
    a o s ou aa, a a a, ou n , s . ac

    n ea r F m t v ill g ua a T g t b i l d ( T ) T g i l d l rd A l
    o u, a e on on a a u s an ~ —
    un , an o , so

    d i tri c t
    s r F k k k i vill gn ea H i l d (H) a a a a , a e on a an o s an .

    H t m
    aa a F m ily f th t m
    anu . tr [ h f m ily ; t m
    a tr C l p h y l
    o e a anu ee aa, a a a n u, a e e, a o

    l m bu m i] ur Tr t r F m t v ill g
    ann T
    .
    g t b i l d (T ) ac n ea ua a o u, a e on on a a u s an

    T g i l d l rd
    un , an o .

    H t
    a a a on g F mily t h t f l bl w [ h f m ily ; t
    o. a bl w ; g t f l ] a ee s o s aa , a a, a o on o, o ee .

    Tr t ac r P k vill g
    n ea T g t b i l d ( T ) F h l d l rd
    u e, a e on on a a u s an —
    o e, an o .

    H t p
    aa a S r d f m ily [ h f m ily ; t p
    u. ac e r d ] Tr t a N m uk i l d aa, a a u, sac e . ac on o a s an

    (H) .

    Ha a tat a fu . F am ily t h t tri k a s es fi r e [ h a a , fa m ; t a ta f u, t o ily s tri k e fi re] . rP e hap s


    r e fe s r to th e tw ti t h T en e ui T g
    on a , T a ta fu e i k i m e i m ua . Tr t ac s n ea r vill g a es

    on T on ga ta b u i l d ( T)
    s an : n ea r H a a k a me , F l o aha, and Al k i a —
    T ui P el e h a k e .
    l a nd o l rd .
    G i ffor d —
    Ton ga n P la c e Na mes 87

    Ha a t a u . F am ily w a r [ ha a , fa m
    of ; t a u, w a r ] ac n ea o o a , ily
    l a g e on Tr t r K l v i vil .

    Ton ga t b a i l u s and ( T ) — A ta , a n d o d A so d s c n ea o ova , v l l r


    a g e on l i tri t r K l i ill .

    T on ga t b a i l u s and ( ) In h s d s cT i s s u a e d th e
    . ac L a k ep a t i i tri t
    e on g n g it t tr t b l i
    to L a s ik e l . A so ac n ea tr t
    a a vak a o o a g e on T on ga ta b u r H
    s and ( T) t l vill i l
    A h om l d l rd
    ee , an o .

    H t
    a a a ua . F m ily t h t b il d tw c a t ti m [ h f mil y ; t
    a u t b il d s o a n oes a a e aa, a a ua , o u

    tw o t
    c a n oe s ti m ] Tr t a r V ip a v ill g Ni t p t pe il d
    . ac n ea a oa , a e on ua o u a u s an

    ( NT ) M t —
    l d l rd a a u, an o .

    H t ki t
    aa au F m ily t h t figh t i l d [ h f m ily ; t t figh t ; k i i ; t
    u a. a a s n an aa, a a u, o , n u a,

    i l d ] Tr t
    n an .r H v k t l vill g ac T
    n ea g t b i l d ( T ) Ah m aa a a o o, a e on on a a u s an —
    o ee ,
    l d l rd
    an o ,

    H t
    a a a va k F m ily f th tr p i bird [ h f m ily ; t k tr p i bir d ( P h
    e. a o e o c aa, a ava e, o c ae
    th on Tr t i N k l f v ill g T g t b i l d (T)
    ac n u ua o a , a e on on a a u s an .

    H t
    a a ea W h iti h f m ily [ h
    . f m ily ; t
    s w h iti h li gh t i
    a l r ] Tr t r
    aa, a ea , s , n co o . ac s n ea

    vill g a es T g t b i l d (T)
    on on r N k k T i V k
    a a u l d l rd s an : n ea u un u u— u a a no , an o ,

    L p h
    a a P gi l d l rd
    a— d T l
    an i T i L k p
    a, anl d l r d A l tr c t o , an a a s u— u a e a , an o . so a on
    N m k
    o i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    u a s an r v ill g V v i l d
    . r so ac s n ea a es on a au s an n ea
    H m T ou a k iv l
    ,
    d L im t
    ua n e T i P l h k a e,l dl d an e a u a— u e e a e, an or .

    H t l ik
    aa ea H t u.th w t h r h r [ li k w t h r h r e ] Tr t n r
    aa ea on e ea e s o e u, ea e s o . ac ea

    T l i
    a a s u, v ill g T g t b i l d (T) T i L k p l d l d
    a e on on a a u s an —
    u a e a, an or .

    H t i h Tr t
    aa e o. r K l m i l v ill g ac En ea i l d ( T ) A l vill g o o a e, a e on ua s an . so a e on

    T on g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    a a u s an r L p n v ill g T g t b. i l d so ac n ea a a a, a e on on a a u s an

    ( T ) P gi —
    l d l rd A l tr t
    an a, r K l g vill g
    an o T g t b
    . i l d so ac n ea o on a, a e on on a a u s an

    (T) B l
    . g d t th g d P l t K t
    e on e Al ot t rF l m e ill g o o u o u a oa . so rac n ea e e ea , v a e n

    Ui h i l d ( H ) A l d i tri t n r M t i k vill g
    a s an . V v i l d (V )
    so s c ea a a a, a e on a au s an

    T i H
    u t ih l d l rd
    aa e o, an o .

    H t li
    aa e F m ily f th
    e. a l m d tr [ h f m ily ; t l i
    o tr v re l rly
    a on ee aa, a e e, a e e, e n a cu a

    ca ll d l m d by E gli h p k i g r i d t f T g ] Tr t
    e a on n r N k s -
    s ea n es en s o on a . ac n ea u u

    a l of vill g o T g t b i l d ( T )
    a, a e n on a a u s an .

    H t g t
    aa en g F m ily f th t g t g bir d [ h f mily ; t g t g
    e en a . a o bird ] e en e en a a a, a en e en a, a .

    Tr t ac r M v ill g
    n ea T g t b i l d ( T ) M i th
    ua , a m bi d v il
    e on on a a u s an . ua s e co ne

    l g
    a es f L p k o d T t k m t g a a Al a tr t ar V i m l vill g
    an a a a o on a . so ac ne a a o, a e on

    V v i l d (V)
    ,

    a au s an .

    H t l
    aa eo o T t ,
    r Al k i vill g rac T g t b
    n ea i l d ( T) T i P l h k a ,
    a e on on a a u s an
    —
    u e e a e,

    l dl d
    an or ,

    H t
    a a o. Ab t f mil y [ h s en f m ily ; t t
    a b b t] T t i P g i aa, a o, o e a s en . ra c n an a ,

    vill g a Lif k
    e i l d ( H ) F rm rly ll d F g
    on u a s an . o e ca e an a n on o .

    H t
    a a oa C . r g f m ily [ h
    ou a f m ily ; t
    eou s r g ] aVill g T g aa, a oa , c ou a eou s . a e on on a

    t b i l d ( T) Adj i M t h
    a u s an . o ns a a au .

    H t fi F m ily t h t
    aa o . at i t m ll p i [h af m ily ; t fi tcu s t i t m ll n o s a eces aa, a o , o cu n o s a

    pi ]
    ec e s Tr t . r Ni t v ill g
    ac T g t b
    n ea i l d (T) u ou a , a e on on a a u s an .

    H t h
    aa o F m ily t h t p ll
    o . a dr g l g m th i g [ h a f m ily ; t hu t s , or a s a on so e n a a, a o o, o

    p llu dr g or l g ] Tr t a r V i i v ill g
    a on T g t b . i l d ( T) ac n ea a n ,
    a e on on a a u s an

    M f a a u, l d l rd an o .

    H t i F m ily t h t k p
    aa o . a t f i gh t [ h f m ily ; t i t k
    a ee p t f i gh t ]
    s ou o s aa, a o , o ee ou o s .

    Tr t ac r V t n ea v ill g T g t b i l d (T) T i V k
    a o uu, l d l rd a e on on a a u s an —
    u a a n o, an o .

    Al tr t r L p h v ill g T g t b i l d ( T) P gi l d l rd
    q r d f mily [ h f m ily ; t k q r d] T t i d
    so ac n ea a a a, a e on on a a u s an —
    an a, an o .

    H t k
    aa o C a . on ue e a aa , a o a, c on ue e . rac s n an

    n ea r T k m l l v ill g o o T g t bo o o, i l d ( T ) M f l d l rd A l tr t a e on on a a u s an —
    aa u, an o . so ac

    n ea r P vill g ea , T g t b i l d ( T ) L v k l d l rd
    a e on on a a u s an
    —
    a a a, an o .

    H t k
    aa o F m ily t h t t th w h l [ h
    e . a f m ily ; t k a t t th
    cu s w hal ] e a e aa, a o e, o cu e e .

    Tr t ac r M l p vill g
    n ea T g t b a a i l d ( T ) L i l d l rd
    o, a e on on a a u s an —
    ua n ,
    an o .

    H t l p
    aa o o F mily t h t t h r w th fi h h k [ h f m ily ; t l t t h r w ; p
    a . a a o s e s oo aa, a o o, o o a,

    fi h h
    s k] Tr t
    oo r Ni t . vill g ac To g t b i l d (T)
    n ea u ou a , a e on n a a u s an .
    88 B er n i c e P . B is hop M u s eu m — B ulletin
    Ha a to l u . F am ily of thr ee [ h a a , fa m ily ; t l t h r o u, ee ] Tr c t
    . a n ea r H ol g on a, vil
    l ga e on Ton ga ta b u i s l and ( ) A T . l tr t
    so r ac n ea A l k i villa ,
    a ge on Ton ga ta b u
    i la
    s nd ( )
    T —
    T ui P el e h a k e , l and o l rd .

    Ha a t ot o . F
    ily t h t t o p i am [h f m ily ; t t
    a s t t p i w lk i g]
    o s n w lk i ga n a a, a o o, o s oo n a n .

    Tr c t a r N k l f vill g on T g ta b u i l d ( T )
    n ea u ua o a , a e on a s an .

    H t
    a a ou F mily f th t tr [ h f mily ; t
    . a o tr ] Tr c t
    e ou r P g i ee aa , a o u, a ee . a n ea an a ,

    v ill g a Lif k
    e i l d (H)
    on u a s an .

    H t
    a a ou l i F m ily t h t fe ll i
    . a fi lt h [ h f m ily ; t a to f ll ; l i fi lt h ] Tr c t
    n aa, a o, a u , . a s

    r vill g
    n ea T g t b
    a i l d (T)
    es on r N k l f V it g
    on a a d V i i
    u s an : n ea u ua o a , e on o, an a n
    —
    M i l d l rd
    a a n, an o .

    H t m
    a a ou g F m ily f th p r d i g t u tree [ h
    an a . a f m il y ; t
    o tr e ;
    e s ea n o aa, a o u, a e

    m g an pr a,d i g] D i tri t
    s ea r P g i vill g
    n . Lif k i l d ( H)
    s c n ea an a ,
    a e on u a s an .

    H t t i F m ily
    a a ou a f. ili g m t r [ h
    a f m il y ; t
    o t i sa ili g m t r ] n as e s a a, a ou a , sa n as e .

    Tra c t ar L k p vill g ne T g t b
    a e i l d ( T ) L ik l d l o r d
    a, a e on on a a u s an —
    as e, an .

    H t t
    a a o uu a . I l d H t u [ t n an i l d ] Tr c t a r P g i vill g eaa o L i fuk
    u a, n an . a ne an a ,
    a on a

    i l d (H)
    s an .

    H t
    aa ua F m ily f c mm r [ h f m ily ; t c m m r ] Vill g
    . a o o on e s Eu aa, a ua , o on e . a e on a

    i l d (T)
    s an Al ll d K l m il A l tr t
    . so ca r M tf e vill g n o o a e . so ac n ea a a o n ua , a e o

    T g t b
    on i l d (T) T i V k
    a a u s an l an d l r d A l o tr c t n r N k l ek vil
    —
    u a a n o, o ,
    s a ea u u a,

    l g a e T g t b
    on i l d (T) on a a u s an .

    H t m p h g F m il y of m m r w h w h i tl an d l k [ h
    aa ua
    -
    a u an a . a f m il y ; co on e s o s e oo aa, a

    t ua , mm co r ; m p t w h i tl ; h g to l ok t] Tra t
    on e a u, r Oh
    o s e an a, o a . c n ea onu a ,
    vill g a E e i l d (T)
    on ua s an .

    H t l
    aa ue e Tr c t . r N i f v ill g a T n eag t bu i l d (T)
    e a u, Al tr c t r a e on on a a s an . so a n ea

    K l v i vill g
    o o a ,T g t b i l d ( T ) At l d l rd
    a e on on a a u s an —
    a, an o .

    H t f
    aa u ung U d rt k r Tr t a. r H t i h ill g
    n e a e T g t b
    . i l d (T) ac n ea aa e o, v a e on on a a u s an

    T i H
    -
    u t i h o l d l rd Al o tr ct ea r L p h vill g
    aa e , an o T g t b
    . s a n a a a, a e on on a a u

    i l d ( T ) P gi l d l or d
    s an -r an a, an .

    H t f
    aa u ung l ik H t f g a t th u.w t h r h or [ li k w t h r h or e ] Tr a t
    a a u un a a e ea e s e u, ea e s . c

    r L p n vill g
    n ea a a T ga t ba, i l d ( T ) P g i l d l rd
    a e on on a u s an —
    an a, an o

    f m
    .

    H t i F m ily of k i g [ h
    aa u . a ily ; t i k i g ] Tr t d d i tri t
    n s rP g i
    aa, a u , n . ac an s c n ea an a ,

    vill g a Lif k
    e i l d (H)
    on u a s an .

    H t k
    aa u F m ily of th e h d l e f th fi h i g d [ h f m ily ; t k
    a u. a an h dl or e s n ro aa, a u a u, a an e

    f orth e fi h i g d] H t k
    s nr M f g vill g
    ro . T g t baa u i l d au n ea au an a, a e on on a a u s an

    ( T) F k f —
    l d l rd
    a a a n ua , an o .

    H t k
    aa u F m ily t h t d y
    u
    ‘

    . a h f m il y ; t k to d y ]
    a Tr a c t e r Ho m
    es aa, a u u, e . n a u a,

    vill g a Ee i l d ( T ) Al tr c t
    on ua r L p h
    s an ill g T g t b . so a n ea a a a, v a e on on a a u

    i l d ( T ) P g i l d l rd A l tr t
    s an —
    an r Ni t
    a, vill g
    an T o g t b . so ac n ea u ou a , a e on on a a u

    i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    s an r N i f v ill g
    . so V v i l d (V )
    ac n ea e a u, a e on a au s an .

    H t
    aa una .F mily of th a l [h f m ily ; t l] Tr t e r M t h vil
    e ee aa, a una , ee . ac n a a a a u,

    l g a e T g t b
    on i l d ( T) on a a u s an .

    H t p i Tr t
    aa u o .r L p h vill g ac T
    n ea g t b i l d ( T ) P g i l a d l rd
    a a a, a e on on a a u s an —
    an a, n o
    H t k A w t h; o wh h h rg f hi f wif Tr t r vil ’
    a a uu au . a c ne o as c a e o a c e s e . ac s n ea

    l g a es T g t b
    on i l d (T) on r N k k T i V k o l d l rd M
    a a u s an : n ea u unu u— u a an ,
    an o , au
    f g F k f
    an a— l d l rd T t k m t g T g i l d l r d L p h H v
    a a a n ua , an o , a a a o on a— un ,
    an o ,
    a a a, a e

    l l ik
    u L vu, g t g a d F en m t T g i l d l rd Al tr t
    a on a, an V v ua a o u— un , an o . so ac on a au

    i l d ( V ) B tw
    s an H ki . d F l e A l o tr c t n
    ee n r To g m m aa o an a eon o . s a ea n a a ao,

    v ill g a Ni e f oni l d ( NF ) u a oou s an .

    H t
    aa g
    uun F m ily f th f d ti [ h f m ily ; t g
    a . a o f ed ti ]
    ou n Tr t a on aa, a u un a, a ou n a on . ac

    r F i vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) V h i l d l or d A l d i tri t
    n ea ou ,
    a e n on a a u s an —
    a a , an . so s c

    r F t vill g
    n ea o q a, F i l d (H) a e on oa s an .

    H t
    a a u un g h i h if W t r H t
    a g o .[ hi hif w t er ]
    es e n Tr t r H to a a u un a o, es n . ac n ea aa a,

    vill g a T e g t b on i l d (T) on a a u s an .
    90 B e r nice P . B is hop M u s eu m — B u lle tin
    Ha fe k iv a k a . To ca rry s us p en d e d by a tri g from th e s n n ec k or s h ou ld r t a e o
    b t [h f
    oa a e, to c a rry s us p d e d by
    en tri g fr m th e k a s n o n ec or s h ou ld r ; k i t ;
    e , o

    v k b t]
    a a, oa . Tr a c t n ea r V i i vill a g
    a n T ,g t b il e on on a a u s and ( T) — M f l d
    a a u, an

    l rd
    o .

    Ha fe o fa f in e . W om e n '
    s m en s tr u ou s l th c o s [ h a fe , a m en s tr uou s c o l th ; 0, o f ; fa f i ne,

    w o me n ] . Tr e es on V v a au i l d ( V)
    s an . b b Two e ea tr e es , on e on e a ch s id e of

    th e r oa d ca ll ed H a la k a va k a va on or r Mt K f
    n ea . a oa .

    Ha h a f u . T o fa Tr t ll in d T r
    g t bu i l
    op s d (T)
    . ac n ea r K l vill g
    o on a , a e on on a a s an .

    H h i T p p r Tr t i P
    a a a . o a ea Lif k i l d ( H ) S it
    . ac n an g i v ill g
    a , a e on u a s an . e

    o f th C t h li c h r c h
    e d f m rly
    a f th e h o
    o cf th g d T i H u f k f an or e o us e o e o u aa a a a n ua .

    H b k
    a a E t r d iv i i
    e . f T g t b
    as e n i l d A p p r tly r tri t d m ti m s on o on a a u s an . a en es c e so e es

    t o nort h t r p rti i d i t d i th f ll wi g T h h tr f rr d t
    ea s e n o on a s n ca e n e o o n : en e ans e e o

    fr m F m t i th t h t r p rti t rm i p p li d t
    "
    H h k a a e o Th ua a o u n e s ou eas e n o on . e e s a e o

    th e t r p rti
    eas f y i l
    e n d I h v h o rd it d f
    on t r p rt f
    o an s an . a e ea us e or ea s e n a o

    F t h o u i l d H p i gr p
    aa s an , aa a ou .

    H h m l fi
    a a
    '

    P r o b bl y h h m l fi
    o o a. c rc A pl ab y th d ivi e p l v r
    a a a o a, s a e . ace s een e n o e

    (T g l an At l g l
    a oa g ) fr m E i th d y
    u on f r ti o ond p wh i h
    o o ua n e a s o c ea on an u on c

    it t o d ri g i ti g th
    s o , yi g Wh th ti d i l w p l v r h v e f d
    o na n e sa n :
    “
    en e e s o o e s a a ou n a

    ti on .

    H il T p p r p tt d [ h to p p r ; i l
    a a. o a ea m rk s p t] o Tr t e r H aa a, a ea a, a a , a s o .
    ac n ea no.

    v ill g a H e on i l d (H) T i H g aano l d l r d A l o tr t s an r V ip —


    u aa n ana, an o . s ac n ea a oa ,

    v ill g a Ni t p t p i l d ( NT ) M t l d l r d
    e on ua o u a u s an —
    a a u, an o .

    H im l
    a T o bi d i
    a e. th m l g m [ h i t bi d ; m l
    n g m ] Tr t
    n e r a e a e a , o n a e, a a e . ac n ea

    F h f vill g
    a e a, T g t b i l d ( T ) V h l l d l rd
    a e on on a a u s an —
    ee a a, an o .

    H k A h l
    a a. t i t th tr k f tr f h l d i g w t r Tr c t a r L i
    o e cu n o e un o a e e, or o n a e . a ne e

    m t v ill g
    a ua , V v i l d ( V ) T i P l h k l d l rd
    a e on a au s an —
    u e e a e, an o .

    H k
    a g an l B ili g p l
    a v a u. f th i fi h [h k o t b il ; g p l ; v l
    n ace o e va n s a a, o o an a, a ce a u, a

    fi h] s Tr t . T g i l d ( V ) Ak l l d l rd
    ac on a un a s an -
    a uo a , an o .

    H k t
    a a T u u.m ov e th h d io d i g wh il t d i g [ h k t m v e th e e an s as n anc n e s an n a a, o o

    h d
    an i d s as i g ; t t t d ] Tr t o N i fn anc n i l d ( NF ) F it u u, o s an . ac n u a o ou s an —
    us ua ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    H k A b m rg ed r f r l d Tr t N m k i l d (H)
    R fl t d r f [ h k r f ; t to r fl c t
    a au . su e ee n ea an . ac on o u a s an .

    H k m irr o r ] I l d ( H)
    R f t h t i c r d R f r Ni i i l d ( H )
    a ta ua a. e ec e ee a a u, ee a a, e e as a . s an .

    H k
    R f w h r fi h d ri v i t
    a ih ih
    a ue o . ee a s sa e . ee n ea n va s an .

    H k f h t tr p [ h k r f; f h t ee o

    R e f w t f th t h r d of L i f k i l d ( H )
    a au a a. ee e e s are en n o a ne a a a u, a a,

    d ri v fi h i t t tr p ]
    R f wh r t r h
    e s n o a ne a . e es o e s ou e n en u a s an .

    H k
    a f kau a it m a os ou fi i h d th t i e . d ee p [ h k e e o c es are n s e , a s us e u a a u,

    r f ; f k i t fi i h ; t m th
    ee a a os v r f th
    , o t br h n s it fr it ou e, e co e o e c o c on u anc as u s

    fr m th tr d wh d y t r h ] P r b bly i gh t fi h i g w d t
    t h i r f R f w t f th
    o e ee, us e en r as a o c . o a n s n as on e a

    th r d of F i l d (H)
    R f w h r th il i f rl d d w ll ti d [ h k r f ;
    s ee . ee es o e s ou e n en oa s an

    H k f t m
    r p d] R f i
    a au a u a no no . ee e e e sa s u e an e e a a u, ee

    f t a t u, f rl ; m o t b w ll ti d
    u a n o n o o, th r p t o e e e or o e . ee n s ou e n ar

    f H p i gr
    R f f fl w r [ h k r f; fi i fl w r ] R f rth w t f
    o aa p a ou .

    H k
    a fi i
    au s . ee o o e s a a u, ee s , o e . ee no es o

    th N m k
    e gr p i o t h r H p i A l o tr t
    u a ou H g i l d (V ) n s ou e n aa a . s ac on un a s an

    F li i l d l rd
    i R ] R f
    u va ,
    an o .

    H k
    a f a u us f f b .
    [b k r f ; f i g ri t r m f b
    ee o a n a na s a a u, ee us , en e c e or a nan a s . ee

    t h r p rt f V v g r p
    R f f r tt b
    i n s ou e n a o a au ou .

    H k f ip l [h k r f ; f i g e ri t rm for b
    r tt ] R f ff w t
    a a u us a a. ee o o en anana s a a u, ee us , ne c e a

    ; p l t f Lif k i l d ( H )
    R f p rtly r d i g Ni i i l d ( H )
    n a na s a a, o en . ee o es c oa s o u a s an .

    H k h m A h i gh r f
    r f ; ik i m ll ] R f
    a au l o au u . ee . ee a s ur ou n n n va s an .

    H k i k i S m ll r f [h k r Ni i i l d ( H )
    R f th t b
    a au . a ee a a n, ee , s a . ee n ea n va s an .

    H k k p t y ti m e [ h k r f; k p th at whi h
    rt i ] R f w t f K t i l d ( H )
    a au o au ,
    ee a can e s e en a an a a u, ee o a u, c

    i s ce a n . ee es o o u s an .
    Gi ffor d —
    Tonga n P la ce Na m es 91

    Ha k a u l a h i rge r f [ h k r f ; l h i l rge] R f
    . La r M i ma i l d ( H )
    ee a a u, ee a , a . ee n ea a s an .

    H k l l Th r f b t h th w t r t h t i ot vi ibl [ h k r f; l l
    th ] R f
    a a u a o. e ee e n ea e a e ,
    a s, n s e a a u, ee a o,

    b l w b
    e o en e a w t id f L if k i l d (H) ee on es s e o u a s an

    l g] R f w t f Lif k i l d ( H)
    , . .

    H k
    a l a u oa L g .f [ h k on f; l r ee a a u, r ee oa , on . ee es o u a s an .

    H k
    a m li
    au Pl a i g r f [ h k r f ; m li p l i g ] Tr t
    e . ea s n r V e it g
    ee a a u, ee a e, ea s n . ac n ea on o,

    vill g a T e ong t b i l d (T) on a a u s an

    R f f th w rl d [ h k r f ; m m w rl d ] G d h
    .

    H k
    a m m
    au a a . ee o eUlb o a a n, ee a a, o . o -
    ou s e on a

    i l d (H) H
    s an f th l g d T k
    . it t dou s e th e tr t F gl g
    o e ee o o e, s ua e on ac on o on o .

    H k
    a m m
    au Di t
    a t r f [ h k r f ; m m d i t t ] L r g r f rt h f
    ao . s an ee a a u, ee a a o, s an . a e ee no o

    T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    a a u r F k k k i v ill g
    s an H i l d
    . so ac nea a a a a , a e on aano s an

    (H) Al tr t rT k iv l v ill g V v i l d (V )
    R f f th m m fi h [ h k r f ; m m a n n] Tr c t r
    . so ac n ea ua n e a e, a e on a au s an .

    H k
    a m m
    au a a. ee o e a o s a a u, ee a o, s . a n ea

    F k k k i vill g H i l d (H)
    R f ff w t i d f L i f k i l d ( H )
    a a a a ,
    a e on a ano s an .

    H k
    a m t l i g l
    au a a e n a e. ee o es s e o u a s an .

    H k m t i l M t i l r f [h k r f; m t i l f rm r m f
    r f H p i w ll d T p t ] R f
    a au a e a o na . a e a on a ee a a u, ee a e a on a , o e na e o

    g v r r L if k i l d ( H )
    R f f h l d i g th h i d p rt f t i th h d [ h k r f ;
    th e o e no o aa a ,
    no ca e u ou oa . ee n ea u a s an .

    H k m ik k
    R f w t f th rt h
    a au u u u . ee o o n e n a as n e an a a u, ee

    m i th h i d p rt ; k k
    u , e t h ld f t i
    n th h d] a u u, o o as n e an . ee es o e no

    end f L if k o i l d ( H ) Th u m h a m yt h i l s an ri gi Whe . e na e as a ca o n . n

    th twi g d d
    e n T p k l d N f
    o m w i mm i g fr m S m
    e s s es 0 u u u an a a nua ca e s n o a oa ,

    t h y w r b t h i th t t f p r g
    e e e o y W h th y m t th i p l e n e s a e o e n anc . en e ca e o s ac ,

    T p k l f lt l b p i d t k h ld f h r lf t r tr i th birt h
    '

    o u u u e a or a ns an oo o o e se o es a n e

    f th
    o h il de A c t h r t l ttrib t th . m t th no g dd F h l
    e i wh a e a u es e na e o e o es s e u un ,
    o

    i m il rly p r v t d th
    s a p fr m he b d y f t l y m wh i h h w
    en e e e s ca e o er o o a s o en a c s e as

    bri g i g t T g S l U fi m o fi d M ik k
    R f ff w t
    n n o on a . ee a s o u an u u u .

    H k
    a p au i P oo i f [ h k r f ; p i p r p r ti
    . oo ree f f d] a a u, ee oo , a e a a on o oo . ee o es

    id f Lif k i l d ( H )
    s e o u a s an .

    H k l S r h f [h k r f ; l S r h th l t wi f f T p t th
    r f H p i] R f
    a a us e a . a a r ee a a u, ee se a, a a , e a e e o u ou o a , e

    g v w t id f Lif k i l d ( H)
    r d ] R f ff rt h w t p i t
    o er n o o aa a . ee on es s e o u a s an .

    H k
    a t pau a S r d r f [ h k r f; t p
    u. ac e ee a a u, ee a u, s a c e . ee o no es er n o n
    f T
    o g t b on i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    a a u r H f v ill g
    s an T g t b il d . so ac n ea o oa , a e on on a a u s an

    (T) Al. tr t r M f g v ill g


    so ac T g t b i l d (T) F k f
    n ea au an a, a e on on a a u s an
    —
    a a a n ua ,

    l d l r d A l tr t
    an o . r P k t l v ill g so H i l d (H) T i H
    ac n ea u o a a, a e on a an o s an —
    u aa

    g l d l rd A l t t r M v ill g Ni f i l d ( NF )
    R f wh r y m
    n ana , an o . so rac n ea ua , a e on u a oo u s an .

    H k
    a t fa u o ua . b k d wh l [ h k
    ee r f ; t f to b k
    e e a s are a e o e a a u, ee o ua , a e

    y m w h l ] Tr t N m k i l d (H)
    R f li k th b ck f
    a s o e . ac on o u a s an .

    H k t i t l f [b k f; t b k; i
    t ] R f ff w t i d f L i f k i l d ( H )
    a a u ua n u . ee e e a o a c oc o n u ea a a u, r ee ua , ac n u,

    R f w t id
    c o con u . ee o es s e o u a s an .

    H k
    a a uv a n a S r hi r f [ h k r f; v
    . ea u hi ] c n ee a a u, ee a na , s e a ur c n . ee on es s e
    f Lif k i l d (H)
    R f w t id f L i f k i l d ( H )
    o u a s an .

    H k
    a a uv o n u . ee on es s e o u a s an .

    H k
    a l
    a va u E i gh t h l. c t i tr tr k t h l d w t er [ h k h l o es t i utr e n ee un s o o a a a, o e cu n e
    tr k t h l d w t r ; l i gh t ] Tr t
    un o o r T fi i vill g
    a e V v i l d v a u, e . ac n ea e s , a e on a au s an

    (V) L —
    i l d l rd
    ua n , an o .

    H k
    a eaS tr . d d Tr t an Ulb vill g e Uih
    . i l d (H) M l p l d
    ac n e ar a, a e on a s an —
    a u o, an
    l rd o .

    H k f g t
    a e an T o a d ft r g t h ri g
    . h ll fi h [ h k
    o t
    a s c en d; f g t t a e a e n s e s a e, o a s c en an o a, o
    g t h r h ll fi h ] Tr t
    a e s e r H v k t l vill g s T.
    g t b i l d (T)
    ac n ea aa a a o o, a e on on a a u s an

    Ah m o l d l rd
    ee , an o .

    H k
    a W rt h l
    o noa . ff p ri g [ h k o ff p ri g ; es s w rt h l ] o Tr t e r s n a e, o s n n oa , o es s . ac n a
    H t l f la a a a a e, vill g F i l d ( H ) T i P l h k l d l rd a e on oa s an —
    u e e a e, an o .

    H k l S w rd fi h Pl T f i l d (H)
    R d T t r T v ill g V v i l d ( V )
    a u a. o s . a c e on o ua s an .

    H l
    a a . oa . rac n ea aca, a e on a au s an .
    92 B ern ic e -
    P . B is hop M us e u m — B u lletin
    Ha l a a k a v a R . o ad of ka v a [ ha l a, r oa d ; a, of; ka v a, ka va] . Tr t ac on M a n go
    i ls and (H)
    R
    .

    Ha l a a k u k u . oa d of th e k u k u she ll fi sh [ ha l a, r oa d ; a, of ; k u k u, a s he ll fi sh] .

    Tr t ac nea rH a a n o, vill g e a on H aa no il s and l rd


    ( H ) — T u i H a a n ga n a l and o

    R
    , .

    Ha l a a t uv a k a . oa d t w rd
    o a s th e v es s e l [ ha l r d ; t t ow a r d ; k v l ]
    a, oa a u, s va a, es s e .

    Tr t ac n ea r F a n ga l eou n ga , vill g a e on F oa i l d ( H ) Ni k p l d l r d
    s an —
    u a u, an o .

    H l i
    a ac . Th e c h ef si r d
    ’
    oa . Tr t ac n ea r Mu it vill g
    oa , H i l d (H) a e on aano s an

    T u i H aa n ga n a , l a d l rd
    n o .

    Ha la e v a l u . E i gh t r oa d s [ ha a , l r oa d ; e, li miti g n a d ec j ti v e us ed b e fo e r n u me al s r ;
    v la u, e i gh t ] . P ig eo n m ou n d n ea r M a n i a n ga ,
    vill g a e on Ton ga ta b u i l d ( T)
    s an .

    Ha l a fa k a f oo h a k e . A br oa d flat r oa d [ ha l a, r d;
    oa fa k a foo h a k e , to t r th f c
    u n e a e

    or f ro t t h i g up w rd ] Tr c t
    n o f a ny k vill g n a s . a n ea r T ua n u u, a e on V va i l d
    a u s an

    ( V ) Ul k l l —
    l d l rd u a a a, an o .

    H l f k l f
    a a a Th fl a tt d r d [ h l r d ; f k l f l f t m k fl a t to fl t
    a a a . e en e oa a a, oa a a a a a a, o a e , a

    t en] B . h To g t b ea ci l d ( T ) O w e th r h r
    on n a a u s an . n a e s o e .

    H l f k l
    a a a Th e r
    a ava. d w h i c h li l gw y s [ h l r d ; f k l oa t li l g es on a a a, oa a a ava, o e on

    w y ] a Tr t
    s rT k vill g
    ac V v i l d ( V ) Ul k l l l d l r d
    n ea ua n u u, a e on a au s an —
    u a a a, an o

    R d w h i ch li t
    . .

    H l f k t f
    a a a a a a. i d [ h l ro d ; f k t f t l i
    oa th e es o on e s e a a, a a a a a, o e on

    s i d ] Tr t
    e r T k vill g
    ac V v i l d ( V ) Ul k l l l d l rd
    n ea uanu u, a e on a au s an —
    u a a a, an o

    R o d of th e bi r [ h l r d ; f t bi r ] Tr t r P t i v ill g
    . .

    H l f t
    a a a a . a e a a, oa a a, e . ac n ea e an , a e

    on Ni f i l d ( NF )
    ua o ou s an

    H l f t i R
    .

    a a a a d f th . f t i hr b [ h l
    oa r d; f t i o hr b] Tra t o H
    e a a s u a a, oa a a , a s u . c n aa

    f ev a i l a d ( H ) T h t k l d l rd
    s n —
    uu e o a, an o

    R d w h r m th i g i d r gg d l g by v r l p eop l [ h l
    .

    H l f t h
    a a e o o. oa e e so e n s a e a on se e a e a a,

    r d ; f t h t d r a g l g by v r l ] Tr t
    oa e o o, o r N i f v ill g Va v a
    a on , se e a . ac n ea e a u, a e on u

    i l d (V)
    s an .

    H l f
    a a oa . Th fr t r d r d [ h l r d ; f t fr c t r e ] Tr t
    e ac u e r Oh oa a a, oa oa , o a u . ac n ea on u a ,

    vill g a E i l d (T)
    e on ua s an .

    H l f
    a a oo u Th w r . d [ h l ro d ; f
    e ne w] Tr t i N k l f vill g e
    oa a a, a oo u , n e . ac n u ua o a , a on

    T g t b
    on i l d (T)
    a a u s an .

    H l f
    a a Th
    ua . m r d r d [h l r d; f t m
    e ea s u e r ] Tr t r L ei oa a a, oa ua , o ea s u e . ac n ea

    m t vill g o V v i l a d ( V ) F t l d l r d
    a ua , a e n a au s n —
    o u, an o .

    H l h
    a a imen T mi b a. f th h d [h l
    o to m i ; h
    ss b e; imec a u s e o e an a a, ss e, e c a us n a,

    Tr c t Of i l d ( V ) T i L k p l d l ord A l o tr c t e r
    a on u s an —
    u a e a, an . s a n a

    N i f v ill g e
    e a u, V v i l d (V ) a on a au s an .

    H l h i im
    a a nTh h d pp
    a ri g l r g [ h to p p r ; l h i l r g ; i m h d ]
    . e an s a ea n a e a, a ea a , a e n a, an .

    Tr t ac r F k k k i vill g
    n ea H i l d (H)
    a a a a , a e on aano s an .

    H l h
    a a Th u . d of w r h i p [ h l e r oa r d ; h to w r h i p ] Tr c t E o si l d a a, oa u, o s . a on ua s an

    (T) A tr
    . t i th t h r p r t f E w h i h b l g d t th f m o
    ac n e s ou e n a o ua c e on e o e a us

    d i v i er ( tn g fi i ) H m H e liv d
    on a p t ll d M t k i t wit h i th e
    s a a . e on a s o , ca e a a a a, n

    tr t ac .

    H l ik
    a a Th a. fi h ro d [ h l r d ; i k fi h ] Tr t e r T ta k m to g vil
    e s a a a, oa a, s . ac n a a a o n a,

    l g a e T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) T g i l d l r d A l tr t
    on a a u r H m l vil
    s an —
    un ,
    an o . so ac n ea a u a,

    l g a e T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) P g i l a d l rd
    on a a u s an —
    an a, n o .

    H l ik m t
    a a a Ol d fi h r o ua .d [h l r d ; i k fi h ; m t ol d ] Tr c t s T oa a a, oa a, s o ua , . a on on

    g t ba a i l d ( T ) O w t h r h r p p it e E i l d
    u s an . n ea e s o e o os ua s an .

    H l it l k i T h r d b y w h i h r p rt a
    a a a a . e p re d [ h l r d ; i by ; t l k i t
    oa c e o s re s a a a, oa , a a , o
    s pr d ea br d ] Tr t a r Ulb vill g
    oa U ih. i l d ( H) M l po l d
    ac n ea a, a e on a s an —
    a u , an
    l rd
    o .

    H l i
    a a va i Th r d i th w t r [ h l r d ; i i ; i w t r ] Tr c t
    . e oa n r e a e a a, oa , n va , a e . a n ea
    P t e an i vill g , Ni f i l d ( NF )
    a e on u a o ou s an .
    94 B er nice P . B is hop M us e um —
    B ulle tin
    Ha l a p a i n i . An a v en u e of p i ne tr ees l r [ ha a, oa d ; i i
    p a n , No fo k I s a n d p n e , o f r l l i
    w hi h c c on s i d r bl e a e n um b r e s are gr wi g io n n Nu k ua o fa ] ac l
    i n Nuk ua o fa , . Tr t l
    vill g a e on T o n ga ta b u i l s and ( T) .

    Hs l a p a k u C u s r t ro d [ h l r d ; p k
    ,
    ru t ] Tr t e r M a vill a g oa a, oa a u, c s . ac n a ua, e n

    i
    N u a fo ou s a n d i l ( NF )
    R d w h re flyi g foxe b d [ h l r a d ; p k flyi g f x] Tr t
    .

    H l p k
    a a e a ,
    oa e n s a oun a a, o e a, n o , ac

    on E ik i i l ue d ( T) s an ,

    H l p l
    a a u ea n
    g G ov r m t r d [h l a . oa d ; p l g e n g v r m t] en Tr a c t oa a a, r u ea n a, o e n en ,

    n ea r F l m vill g o Ui h i l d ( H )
    e e ea , a e n a s an ,

    H l i l
    a as a e Av f g rd
    ,
    i [ h l r d ; i l g r d i ] Tr t
    enue o ar L ei men a s a a, oa s a e, a en a , ac n ea a

    t a vill g
    u V v i l d ( V ) F t l d l rd
    a e on a au s an —
    o u, an o

    R d of th e i l t f h r b [ h l ro d ; i l t f hr b ] Tr c t
    , .

    H l i l t f
    a as a e a a. oa s a e a a s u a a, a s a e a a, a s u . a

    on T g t b oni l d (T) a a u s an

    R d f th t m t m h r b [ h l r d ; t m t m
    .

    H l t m t m
    a a a a a a . oa o hr b] e a a a a s u a a, oa a a a a, a s u ,

    Tr t ac r T t k m t g vill g
    nea T g t b a a i l d ( T ) T gi l d l r d
    a o on a, a e on on a a u s an —
    un , an o ,

    H l t
    a a anuTh l d r d [h l r d; t
    . t
    e c o n c ea e l ] Tr t rH t oa a a, oa a n u, o c on c ea . ac n ea a a oa ,

    vill g a T g t b
    e on i l d ( T ) A l tr t on r N k l f v ill g
    a a u T g
    s an . so ac n ea u ua o a , a e on on a

    t b i l d (T)
    a u s an ,

    H l t i Th r d t h t xt d d t th m d [ h l r o d ; t t xt d to ;
    rti fi i l m d ] R d
    a a a us a . e oa a e en e o e ou n a a, a a u, o e en

    i V v i l d ( V)
    R d t h t xt d t th v l [ h l r d ; t t xt d t ;
    s a, an a c a ou n . oa on a au s an .

    H l t
    a a a uv a k a . oa a e en s o e ess e s a a, oa a u, o e en o

    va k v a, l ] Tr c t rF gl
    es s e g vill g
    , F i l d ( H ) Ni k p
    a n ea an a eo u n a, a e on oa s an —
    u a u,
    l d l rd
    an o .

    H l t
    a a C
    oa ri r d [ h l r d ; t
    . a s ua ri tr ] Tr t
    na oa r Oh a a, oa oa, c a s ua na ee , ac n ea on u a ,

    vill g a E e i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    on Of
    ua i l d ( V)
    s an . so ac on u s an .

    H l t f
    a a o a Th m d . r d [h l r d; t f t m k e a e r d ] Tra c t
    oa a a, oa o a, o a e, as a oa . on

    H f i l d ( H ) T h t k l d l rd
    H l t i R d of th t i tr
    —
    a a eva s an uu e o a, an o .

    a a o .
    [h l
    oa r d ; t i tr ] Tr t e r V i i v il
    o ee s a a, oa o , a ee , ac n ea a n ,

    l g T g t b i l d ( T ) M f l d l or d
    R d f m gr v [ h l r d ; t g m g v tr ] Tr t r
    a e on on a a u s an —
    a a u, an .

    H l t g
    a a on o. oa o an o es a a, oa on o, an ro e ee . ac n ea

    N k l k vill g T g t b i l d ( T ) P g i l d l or d
    R d f c p ti [ h l r d ; t it i
    u u e a, a e on on a a u s an —
    an a, an .

    H l t it i
    a a u u a . oa o p ti ] A pon c ed on a a, oa u u a, c on c e on . an a n us

    tr th w th r h r f T g t b i l d ( T )
    R d f l y [ h l r d ; m c l y ] Tr ct r T k iv l vil
    ee on e ea e s o e o on a a u s an .

    H l m
    a au ea , oa o c a a a, oa u ea , a . a n ea ua n e a e,

    l g V v i l d (V)
    R d f th h rmit c r b [ h l r d ; g h ermit c r b ] Tr t o
    a e on a au s an .

    H la a un g a . oa o e e a a a, oa un a, a , ac n

    E ik i i l
    ue d (T) s an ,

    H l t
    a au a. I l d d [h l r d ; t i l d ] Tr t
    n an r oa r M k v e vill g e a a, oa u a, n an . ac n ea a a , a on

    V v u i l d ( V ) T i A fi t l d l r d Al tr t
    a a s an Ni f—
    i l d ( NF )
    u u, an o , so ac on u a oou s an

    F t fi li l d l rd
    ’

    Ro d f b t [ h l r d ; k b t ] Tr t r K l v i vill g
    o o , an o .

    H la a va k a . a or oa s a a, oa va a, oa . ac nea o o a , a e

    on T g t b on i l d ( T ) At l d l rd a a u s an —
    a, an o .

    H l i The p p r
    a e . f iv ry [ n a pp r e ; l i i v ory ] Tr t
    ea ance oE ik i o a, a ea anc e , . ac on ue

    i l d ( T ) Al tr t
    s an r F m t vill g
    . Tso g t bu i l d (T)
    ac Tu gi
    n ea ua a o u, a e on on a a s an —
    n ,

    l d l rd
    an o ,

    H l l
    a e e T ppe r t
    , [ n to p p r ; l l
    o a t a ] Tr t o O f i l d ( V )
    o run a, a ea e e, o ru n , ac n u s an
    —
    T i L k p u l d l rd a e a, an o .

    H l fi t
    a o I lu a d h g r [ h l fi h g r ; t i l d ] Tr c t e r Uih vil
    .
    n an un e a o a, un e u a, n an . a n a a,

    l g o Ulb i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd
    a e n a s an —
    a u o, an o .

    H la on g l l Th a a o.pl t h t i b l w Tr t e r F t a l v ill g e o Ni f
    e a ce a s e o ,
    ac n a a u ua , a n ua oou

    i l d ( NF )
    s an .

    H m l Th p p r e of th m l h ll fi h [ n p p ea r a ; m l
    a u a . e a ea a n c h ll e u a s e s a, a n ce u a, a
    . s e

    fi h ]s Vill g
    . T g ta b i l d ( T ) Al tr t
    a e on Ok i l d (V)
    on a u s an . so ac on oa s an .
    G i fi or d Ton ga n P la c e Na mes 95
    '

    Ha m u l a foo u New , H a mu a l [ fo o u, n ew ] ,
    Tra c t n ea r F ua a m o u , v i t ll ge a on T on ga
    t bua is lT g i l d l ord
    and ( T) -
    un , an .

    H m l l t
    a u a o o.C t r of H am l a [ l t c e t e r ] Tr t a r H mu l a vill g e o
    en e u o o, n . ac ne a , a n

    T g t b
    on i l
    a a d (T) uP gi l d l rd s an —
    an a, an o .

    H a no m Tr c t
    a , K t i l d ( H) a on o u s an .

    H t m
    a n ua o T c mp l ia . of v a ity [h o t mp l a i ;
    o of ;
    a n t m v ani ty ] n a n u, o co n a, o a, .

    Tr t ac r L p h v ill g o T o g t b i l d ( T ) P g i l a d l r d
    n ea a a a, a e n n a a u s an —
    an a, n o .

    H l
    a n uv a e . F li h mp l i i g [ h oo t mp l i ;
    s l
    co f li h ] Tra c t n r
    a n n a n u, o co a n v a e, oo s . ea

    Ut l i vill ge
    u e , P g im t i l d (V)
    a on an a o u s an .

    H g h k
    an a T af c e p w rd
    , [h g t o f c ; h k a ep w rd ]u Tra c t a r s an a, o a e a e, u a s . n ea

    T k
    ua n u ill g u,V v i l d ( V ) Ul k l l l d l rd
    v a e on a au s an —
    u a a a, an o ,

    H g h if
    an a T f d w w rd
    o. [h g o t f ; hif
    ace d w w rd ]
    o Tr t n e r
    n a s an a, o a ce o, o n a s . ac a

    T a vill g o V v i l d ( V )
    os , a e n a au s an .

    H g i [ H g h g i ri gh t pp it ] Tr t
    an a . an a r T k m l vill g e
    an a , T g o os e . ac n ea o o o o, a on on a

    t b i l d ( T ) M f l d l r d A l tr t i O t
    a u s an —
    vill g
    a a u, K pa an o . so ac n ea , a e on a

    i l d ( V ) A l tr t
    s an r H l f li ill g
    . so V v i l d ( V ) Af
    ac n ea aa au u , v a e on a au s an —
    u

    H l f li l d l r d
    R i gh t p p it th rth [ h g i ri gh t p p it ; t k l
    aa au u , an o .

    H g it k l
    an a o o au ,
    o os rt h ] e e no an a , O os e o e a u, n o ,

    C m t ry
    e e e r K l vill g L if k
    n ea i l d ( H ) G r v y rd of th m a t a
    ou o , a e on u a s an ,
    a e a e

    p l u e( tt d t ) f m ily f V h k i
    a en an a o ea a ,

    H g k ik p
    an a F i g t w r d K p i l d [ h g to f ; k i t w d ; k p
    a a ,
    ac n o a s a a s an an a, ace , o ar s a a,

    an i l d f th V v u g r p ] Tr c t
    s an o r P g i v ill g
    e a P a g i m ot
    a ou .
    a n ea an a , a e on n a u

    i l d ( V)
    s an .

    H g k i l gi F i g th
    an a an ky [ h g ,
    t f ; k i t ward ; l
    ac n gi k y]e Tra cts an a, o a ce , o s an , s .

    nea r L p h vill g a Ta g t b i l d ( T ) P g i l d l rd
    a, a e on on a a u s an —
    an a, an o .

    H g k im l
    an a F i g t w rd M l [ h g t f c ; k i t w ar d ] Tr c t ar
    oa a . ac n o a oa a an a, o a e , o s . a ne

    K k p l u vill g
    ano u o T g t b i l d (T)
    ,
    a e on on a a u s an .

    H g ki
    an a k li F nu i g t w rd N k l i [ h g t f e ; k i t w a r d ] T a c t
    ue . ac n o a s u ue an a, o ac , o s . r

    n ea r H m vill g e ou T g t b i l d (T) V
    a, a l d l rd on on a a u s an —
    a ea , an o .

    H g l
    an N m
    a e. f tr e Tr ta r V ot v ill g
    e o a T g t be i l d (T)
    . ac nea a uu , a e on on a a u s an
    —
    T i V k
    u l d l r d A l tr t
    a a n o, r T k an v ill g o V v il d
    ,
    so ac n ea ua nu u, a e on a au s an

    (V ) M l p
    —
    l d l rd A l tr t
    a u o, r L g m p vill g
    an o V v , i l d so ac n ea on o a u, a e on a au s an

    ( V ) V ik
    —
    l d l rd
    e un e , an o ,

    Fr fr m t fr fr m b tru ti Tr t r L ot f
    .

    H an g m lia a e ,
    ee o s on e s , il ee o o s c on s . ac n ea o oa , v

    l g o F i l d (H)
    a e n oa s an ,

    H g T b tr w d b t Tr t
    an o. o e s r Ah vill g e e N i f ou i l d ( NF )
    a ou . ac n ea au, a e on ua o s an
    —
    F ot fi l i l d l rd
    o , an o ,

    H l T b
    ao a . ot tly pi d eTr c t r N i f vill g
    c on s a n V v i la d
    oc c u e , a n ea e a u, a e on a au s n

    (V) .

    Ha p a e . C r ook e d or l a me in th e fe e ; t Tr t ac n ea r T u a n uk u , v i ll g a e on Va v au

    i l s and (V ) l rd —
    Ul u k a l a l a , l an d o .

    H a ua f C mi g
    u .
    f th pr y
    o f th wh br k i g up th r k [ h
    n o e s a o e s ea en ea n on e oc s .
    a u,

    t o m ;
    co f th epr y f th wh
    a br k i g p th r k ] Tr a t
    u, e s a o e s ea , en ea n u on e oc s . c

    n ea r H k i v ill g aa V v i l d ( V) o, a e on a au s an .

    H ua l
    a E xp
    o d t th
    ,
    wi d Tr t e r M it vill g
    os e H aan i l d ( H )
    o e n . ac n a u oa , a e on o s an
    —
    T i H u g l d l rd aa n ana , an o .

    H t
    a ua a n g t Th mi g f m
    a a [h t
    .
    m ; f; t g t
    e m ] coTr c t n o an a u, o co e a, o an a a , an . a

    n ea r N k l of vi ll g u T g t b
    ua i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    a, r Nk l a e on on a a u s an . so ac n ea a o o,

    vill g a T g t b
    e on i l d ( T ) L i l d l r d A l tr c t
    on a a H g i la d u s an —
    uan ,
    an o . so a on un a s n

    ( V ) F l i i l d l or d
    -
    u va , an .

    H a ue . T t w it h t r tr i t Tr t
    o ac r L p h vill g o T g t b i l d
    ou es a n . ac n ea a a a, a e n on a a u s an

    ( T) P —
    g i l d l r d A l tr t
    an r L g m p vill g
    a, an V v i l an do , so ac n ea on o a u, a e on a au s

    ( V ) V ik—
    l d l ord A l t c t
    e r T
    un e , k iv l vill g o V a v i l an d
    an . so ra n ea ua n e a e, a e n au s

    ( V)
    96 B er n ice P . B is hop M us eu m —
    B u lletin
    Ha ue v a ,
    To c ome and wa k l a bo t u [ h a u , to c om e ; ev a , to w a k bo t ] l a u . Trac t
    n ea r H t a a a fu , i l d ( T ) Als o vill g a ta f
    e on T on ga ta b u s an , tr t ea r M
    ac n a on u a ,

    vill g a T g t b
    e on i l d (T) T i V k on l d l rd a a u s an —
    u a a n o, an o .

    H f k t fl i A y o e c om i g t top p rt
    au a a e s , f ro f [ h
    n t me ; f k t fi l
    n n o a o a o a u, o co a a e s ,

    top p a rt o f r f] Tr t r Hi h i f vill g o L i f k i l a d ( H )
    oo ac n ea o, a e n u a s n

    q eror ; f k i fer i ] Tr c t a r
    , .

    H f k i F roc i u c
    au e a q ror [ h
    ,
    e o s on ue aa, c on u e a , oc ou s . a ne

    M it u vill g o H
    oa , i la d ( H ) T i H g a e l d l rd
    n aano s n —
    u aa n ana, an o ,

    H f l
    au o au T a rriv fr m a v y g e [ h
    ,
    o t rriv e ; f l v oy g ] e Tr t o o a a u, o a o a u, a e . ac on

    F t h o u i l d ( H ) A l tr t a d d i tri t
    aa s an r Ng h vill g . Ut so ac n s c n ea a un o o, a e on u

    g k i l d (V)
    q ror [ h
    n a e s an .

    H f
    a u oo u N w . e q r r; f c on w] Tr c t r V a i p vil
    ue aa, c on ue o o o u, ne . a n ea oa ,

    l ga eNi t p t p i l
    on d ( NT ) M t
    ua o l d l rd u a u s an —
    a a u, an o .

    H f
    a u ua . T m e w it h p r d o co [h t me ; f p r d c e] Tr c t rH o uce a u, o co ua , o u . a n ea aa n o ,

    v ill g e a H o i l d ( H ) T i H aa ga l n d l ord
    on aan s an —
    u n na, a .

    H au k f To
    a eno o om f t d w e ll [ h
    , to c m ; k c f ; f t e d w ll ] or o a u, o e a e, or no o o e ,

    Tr t o O i l d ( H )
    ac n ua s an .

    H au k m k ma Th am i g f th r ck r b [ h
    a a . t me ; k m k m
    e co r k n o e o c a a u, o co a a a a, a oc

    r b ] Tr t
    c a , r T o g m m v il l g ac Ni f o i l
    n ea d ( NF ) n a a a o, ae on ua o u s an ,

    H k i im
    au nT p by th w rk of
    a . o h d Tr c t
    o s s es s r vill g e e o on e s
    '
    an s . a s n ea a s on

    T g t b
    on i l d (T)
    a a r N i f N k k T i V k
    u s an l d l rd P : n ea e a u, u un u u— u a a n o, an o ,
    ea.

    H l g o on d H i Al o tr
    a, an t r F l m vill g Ui na i l d ( H ) A l
    o . s ac n ea e e ea , a e on s an . so

    tr c ta r F k k k i vill g
    nea H i l ad ( H) aAl tr t
    a a T ga
    , a e on aano s an . so ac on a un

    i l d ( V ) Ak l l d l rd A l tr t
    s an —
    r v ill g
    a uo a , V v i l d (V) an o . so ac s n ea a es on a au s an

    n ea r T k Ul k l l l d l rd T fi i L i l d l rd T
    ua n u u— u d L i
    a a a, an o , e s m
    ua n ,
    an o ,
    a os , an e

    ma t Alua tr t . r V i p v ill g so Ni t p t p ac i l d ( NT ) M t n ea a oa , a e on ua o u a u s an —
    aa u.

    l d l r d A l tr t
    an o Ni t p t p
    . i l d ( NT ) T gip l d l r d Al
    so ac on ua o u a u s an —
    an a, an o . so

    tr t Ni f i l d ( NF ) F ot fi l i l d l rd
    q r r ; k l w lthy ] Tr t n e r
    —
    ac on u a o ou s an o , an o .

    H au k l W lt h y c q r r [ h
    o oa . ea on ue o a u, c on ue o o oa , ea . ac a

    H le o vill g
    va , K l i l d (V) a e on o oa s an .

    H k t
    au Al l
    o oa q er r [ h
    . q r r; k t c ona ll ] Tr c t a r Ut l vil
    u o s a u, c on ue o o oa , . a ne u a u,

    l g o T g t b i l d (T)
    q r r ; k i b d ] Tra c t o L f g i l d
    a e n on a a u s an .

    H k
    au i B d c
    ov q r or [ h
    ,
    a on ue a u, c on ue o ov , a ,
    n o an a s an

    ( H) .

    , r r r t r r l h i g r t ] Tr c t
    H a u l a h i G e a c on q u e o [ h a u, c on q u e o ; T g a i l an d a , ea . a on un u s

    ( H ) —T u i a a e ho l l r
    and o d H t i , ,

    i ly Tr t
    Ha u l a k o i C o m e q u c k , ac and i tri c t
    d s r Hi h i f vill g L if k . n ea o, a e on u a

    i l d ( H ) A l tr c t d d i tri t e r P g i vill g
    s an . so Lif k a i l d (H)
    a an s c n a an a ,
    a e on u s an .

    H l
    a u ev a C m t , [h t me ; l v
    o e at ] Tr t r U i h vill g
    on c e a u, o co e a, a on ce . ac n ea a, a e

    Ui h i l d ( H ) M l p l d l or d
    q r r ; l hi t l i e] Tr t o T g
    —
    on a s an a u o, an .

    H l h i L yi g c
    au o . q r r [h c n on ue o a u, on ue o o .
    , o . ac n un ua

    i l d ( H ) T i H a t i h o l d l rd
    s an —
    u a e , an o ,

    H l t
    au o o To a r iv e i
    ,
    th m id d l [h t rriv ; l t m i d d l e ] Tr c t a r
    r n e e a a, o a e o o, . a ne
    Ut l vill ag o T g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr c t e r F l m v ill g e
    u a u, e n on a a u s an , so a n a e e ea , a on

    Ul b i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    a s an r F t vill g F i l d ( H ) Al
    ,
    so ac n ea o ua , a e on oa s an , so
    tr t a r N p p v ill g o N p p i l d ( V )
    ac ne ua a u, a e n ua a u s an .

    H m li
    au Pl
    a i g r i g i g p ri
    e , [h r i g i g p ri c ; m li p l i g ]
    ea s n e n n nce a u, e n n n e a e, ea s n ,

    Tr t ac r K l v i v ill g e
    n ea T g t b i l d ( T ) A t l d l rd
    o o a , a on on a a u s an —
    a, an o .

    H au m l M il d r i g i g p ri
    a u. [h r i g i g p ri c ; m l m il d ] Tr t i n
    e n n n ce a u, e n n n e a u, . ac

    N i f v ill g
    e a u, V v i l d (V) a e on a au s an .

    H au m T au m e to p
    .
    [h oto m ; m
    co to p e ] Tra c t n ear os s e s s a a, co e a u, os s ss .

    T k i vill g
    ee u, T g t b i l d ( T ) M t p u k l d l rd
    a e on on a a u s an —
    o ua a a, an o .

    H aumi O e k i d f ba
    . Tr c t o T g t b i l d ( T ) O w ea t h er h r
    n n o na n a . a n on a a u s an , n s o e .

    H f
    a una o T c m e to ,
    t y Tr t o r T o vill a g e V v u i l d (V ) s a , ac n ea a a n ea , on a a s an

    V hai l
    a d l rd , an o .
    98 B e r n ic e i
    P . B is hop M us eu m —
    B ull etin
    H a a fev a s i l an d (H) r P k ot a l a v ill ge
    T uu h e tok a ,
    -
    l an d o l rd . A l so tr t ac n ea u , a

    on H aa no isla d ( H ) T i H g l d l r d Al n tr a t e r H —
    u a an an a , an o . so c n a aa n o ,

    vill g aH aa i l d ( H ) T i H g
    e on l d l r d A l tr c t
    no s an r K p —
    u a an ana , an o , so a n ea a a,

    vill g aK p i l d ( V ) A l tra c t
    e on aar ill g e
    a V va i l d ( V ) :
    s an . so s ne v a s on a u s an

    nea r T k Ul k l l l d l rd L g m p u V ik
    ua n u u— l d l rd N i f
    u a a a, an o ,
    on o a —
    e un e, an o , e a u,

    Ut i V ik u —
    l d l rd H l f li A fu H l f li l a d l r d
    e un e , an d L ei m t
    o ,
    aa au u —
    aa au u , n o , an a ua
    —
    F t l d l r d A l o tr c t
    o u, an V i p vill g o Ni t p t p i l d ( NT )
    . s a n ear a oa , a e on ua o u a u s an
    —
    M at l d l rd
    a u, an o ,

    H l l l
    av e u a o L w r H v el [ l l b l w b e th ]
    ,
    o eTr c t e r K k p ol u v ill ge
    a u a o, e o , en a . a n a ano u , a

    o nT g t b i l d ( T)
    on a a u s an ,

    H v l li k
    a e uH v l t th w t h er h r [ li k w t h r h r e ] P l ce
    u. a e u a T g e ea s o e u, ea e s o . a on on a

    t b u i l d ( T ) A p l c i th Hi h i fo d i tri t w h r t o d th k k tr
    a s an . a e n e s c e e s o e o a ee

    un d r w h i ch e t th e T i K k p lu wh i v e t d w it h o fli c Al vill g
    sa u ano u o en n s e e . so a e

    on T g t b i l d (T)
    on a a u s an .

    H l l t H v el i th c t r [ l t e t er ( r ef rri g i t h i c s e to th e
    av e u o o ,
    a u n e en e o o, c n e n n s a

    c en tr l p art f th e a Vill g T o g t b u i la d ( T ) T h i vill g a e on on a a s n ,


    s a e

    i m re g
    s r lly k ow o H v l en e a n n as a e u ,

    H l t hi H v l
    ave u a by th [ t hi
    . ] aTr t ea r N i f vill g e o V v u
    e u e s ea a , s ea ac n e a u, a n a a

    i l d (V)
    s an ,

    H l
    ave uu a t I l d H v l [ t,
    i l d ] Tr c t
    n an r N i f vill g a V v
    e u u a, n an .
    a n ea e a u, a e on a au

    i l d ( V)
    s an .

    H ik i T
    av pp r t b t [ h t a p p ; v i k i t b t ] Tr c t
    . o a ea o rM f g
    oa s a, o ea r ,
    o oa s ,
    a n ea au an a,

    vill a g T g t b i l d (T) F k f
    e on on l d l rd a a u s an —
    a a a nua , an o .

    H il
    av Tr t a r Ni t
    ,
    vill g ac T g t b
    n ea i l d ( T) u ou a , a e on on a a u s an ,

    H ili A g l
    av . bl st Tr t r N k h i t l vill g
    a e, a a T g t b .i l d (T) ac n ea u u u u, a e on on a a u s an .

    Al s tr c t o Ni f i l d ( NF )
    a on u a oou s an .

    H ea . Th m f tr th fr it f wh i h p p li
    e na e o e a f th e i g r d i t u ed
    ee , e u o c su es on o n e en s s

    i np ri ti g t p Tr t n r vill g
    n T
    a g t b
    a ,
    i l d (T) r Ah
    ac s n ea a es on on a a u s an : n ea au

    L -
    ik l d l r d T k m l l T l i T i L k p l d l r d an d L l t l i
    as e, an o , o o o o o, a a s u— u a e a, an o , o o e e ,

    Al tr tso r T vill g ac V v i l d ( V ) Al tr t
    n ea ac a, r H l a e on a au s an , so ac n ea aa au

    f li vill g
    u , V v i l d ( V ) Af H l f li l d l r d
    a e on a au s an —
    u a a au u , an o .

    H k
    ea To b e ,
    v l c t th r [ h t h r ; k t b c v l
    e c on a es t ] Tr c t
    en e e e, e e a e, o e on a e s c en ,
    a

    n ea r M a k v vill ge o V v i l d ( V ) T i A fi t l d l r d
    a e, a n a au s an —
    u u, an o .

    H ee Gr ,
    h pp r Tr t e r H m vill g
    ass o e E. i l d (T) ac n a ou a, a e on ua s an .

    H f
    o au Th e f , tr [ n th ; f tr au eeTr c t r L im t o, e a u, a ee a n ea e a ua ,

    v ill g o V v i l d ( V ) F t l d l rd
    a e n a au s an —
    o u, an o .

    H f
    e ue Th f . vi e [ h th ; f e vi e] Tr t
    ue r L im t
    n vill g e o e, e ue , a n ac n ea e a ua, a n

    V v i l d ( V ) F t l d l rd
    "

    a au s an —
    o u, an o .

    H h k
    e a Th h k fi h [h
    u . th ; h k e ki da f fi h]
    u Tr t s r L i ma t a e, e a u, a n o s . ac n ea e u ,

    vill g o V v i l d ( V ) T i P l h k l d l rd
    a e n a au s an —
    u e e a e, an o ,

    H h
    e N m of
    ea ,
    tr Tr t a r H a t i h v ill a g e o T o g t b i l d ( T )
    e a ee ,
    ac n ea a e o, n n a a u s an
    —
    T i H t i h l d l r d A l tr t
    u aa e r M f g vill g e o To g t b
    o, an o . so ac n ea au an a, a n n a a u

    i l d (T) F k f
    s an l d l r d Al o tr t—
    a r Ulb vill g
    a a n ua , Ulb i l d an o . s ac n ea a, a e on a s an

    ( H ) M l p o l d l rd
    —
    Al a u tr t r L ot f vill g e
    , an F o i l d (H) , so ac n ea o oa , a on oa s an ,

    Al tr t so r F l l vill g ac F i l d ( H ) A l o tr c t
    n ea a e oa , r vill g a e on oa s an . s a s n ea a es

    o V v i l d (V)
    n a r N i f M k v T i Afi t l d l rd a d H k i
    au s an : n ea e a u, a a e— u u, an o , n aa o .

    H h
    e T w rd
    e u. ff t h r [h o t h r ; h t w r d ff] F rtr
    a o E e ei l d e, e e e u, o a o o es s on ua s an

    (T) Th f rtr
    ,
    i i tr g p iti o
    e o i d b i g p r ot e t ed by
    ess s l iff
    n a s on os n , on e s e e n c a c ,

    H n
    e Tr t o K t u i l d ( H )
    ca ,
    ac n o s an .

    H h p
    e T o o d t t. ti ty [ h t e ; h p to t t ti ty ] Tr t o
    o e rr an ea o sa e e, o rr o e, ea o sa e . ac n

    T f o ua i l d ( H) s an .

    N b
    e i Th h i tr e [ h th ; h i a tr e ] Tra c t
    un . e un r L ei m t vill g on
    e e, e un , e , n ea a ua , a e

    V va u i l d ( V ) F t l d l r d
    a s an —
    o u, an o
    G i ffor d —
    To n ga n P la c e Na mes 99

    He ifi , Th e Ta h it i T h iti
    an h t t ] Tr c t n r
    c h es n u t t tr ee [ he , th e ; ifi , a an c es n u . a ea

    H t ih aa e T g t b
    o, vill g
    i l d ( T ) T i H aa t ih l a d l or d
    a e on on a a u s an —
    u e o, n

    H il l
    e N m of
    a a , tr Tr t a r vill g
    e T ag t b i l
    ee d (T). e r ac s n ea a es on on a a u s an : n a

    L g t m T t k m t g T g i l d l rd L p h P g i l d l r d L v
    on o e e, a a a o on a— un , an o , a a a— an a, an o , a e

    g t
    n ga on F m t T gi l d l r d A l tr t
    a, uaa r H l p k vill g o
    o u— un , an o . so ac n ea o o e a, a e n

    Lif k i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    u a s an r T k v ill g . V v i l d (V ) so ac n ea ua n u u, a e on a au s an

    Ul k l l u l d l rd Tr t
    a a a, r M vill gan Ni f
    o . i l d ( NF ) ac nea ua , a e on u a o ou s an .

    H k e Th
    a u. h dl [n th ; k e h dl ]
    an Tr t e K tu i l d ( H ) A l
    o, e a u, an e , ac on o s an ,
    so

    tr t ac r H m vill g n ea V v i l d (V) ou a, a e on a au s an .

    H k e T ea s li d , to li p o Tr a t r F l m v ill g
    e, Ui h i l
    s d (H)
    . Al o c n ea e e ea , a e on a s an . s

    tr c t a r L i m t vill gn ea V v i l d ( V ) F t l d l rd
    e a ua , a e on a au s an —
    o u, an o .

    -
    ll k e
    ng ea A li d i g p l
    a , [h k t li d e t li p ; g p l ] Tr t ea r
    s n ace e ea , o s , o s n a, ace , ac n

    H ki aa v ill g e o V v i l d ( V )
    o, a n a au s an .

    H k te T
    e a m v ,
    th p ot ri r d o trik [ h k t m v
    e on th e p
    e t ri os e o s an s e e e, o o e on os e

    ; t
    or s t tri k ] Tr t
    a, r Ni t
    o s vill g e T , g t b i l d (T) ac n ea u ou a , a e on on a a u s an

    Th t f th
    e s ea rly T i T g P r h p o e t d wit h th l v t h T i
    ea u on a . e a s c on n ec e e e e en u

    T g T it t i w h e m m
    on a, u k i g w h o tri k
    a u , th k os i r fr
    na e ea n s n s es e n ee ,
    ”
    n e e en c e

    t hi o t m fr m f r f
    s cus o i ti f tri k i g w it h
    , o ti k y ea wh o a s s a s s na on , o s n a s c an on e o

    m e t o l e t h i m i th k v ri g
    ca o c os o n e a a n ,

    H k t m t
    e u e A pr d d l zy p r
    o u ,
    l m t br k [ h k ou pr
    an d d l zy a e s on a os o en e u, a ou an a

    p r ; t l m t; m t b r k ] Tr t Ni f i l d ( NF ) F i t —
    e s on e, a os o u, o en , ac on u a oou s an us ua ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    H l W ry f
    e a nc a . t h i g [ h l w ry ;
    ea t h i g ] Tr t
    or no r H l n ga
    n e a, ea n oa , no n . ac n ea o o ,

    vill g a V v i l d ( V)
    e on a au s an .

    H l gi T h
    e an ky [ h . th ; l gi k Y]
    e s Tr c t o A t t i l d ( T ) A t l d l or d
    e, e an , s .
    a n a a s an —
    a, an ,

    H l i T
    e e . r Tr t o r P g i vill g
    en s n a e L if k
    ,
    i l d (H) ac n ea an a , a e on u a s an .

    H l me e g T on t th a th r t [ h l t
    . o t; m g
    cu t h r t ] Tr t ie oa e e, o cu on a, oa . ac n

    N k u l f v ill g
    ua o a , T g t b i l d (T) a e on on a a u s an .

    H m i T h br d fr it [ h th ; m i br d fr it ] Tr ct
    e e ,
    e ea u r L ei m t vill g e, e e , ea u ,
    a n ea a ua , a e

    onV v u i l d ( V ) F t l d l rd
    a a s an —
    o u, an o .

    H m h t
    e o Th c h biti g
    ea u f b,
    it [ h th ; m h t c h bit ; t b it ]
    e o a n o on os e, e o e, o o a a u, on o ,

    Tr c t i T l i v ill g
    a n T g t b i l d (T)
    a a s u, a e on on a a u s an .

    H p e Th u r e r Tr t
    . e r P k vill g a .
    T g t b i l ac d ( T) F h l d
    n ea u e, a e on on a a u s an —
    o e, an

    l rd o ,

    H i Th i p l t [ h th ; i p l t ] Tr t
    es . e s an r F l m vill g o Ul b
    e, e s , a an . ac n ea e e ea , a e n a

    i l d (H)
    s an Al tr t r M k v vill g
    . V v u i l d ( V ) T i Afi t
    so ac n ea a a e, a e on a a s an —
    u u,

    l d l rd A l tr t
    an o . r T ki v l so vill g V v i l d (V)
    ac n ea uan e a e, a e on a au s an .

    H t Th
    e o ,
    g r [h e su th ; t g ra ] Tr t
    can e r N p p vill g e o e, e o, s u a c an e . ac n ea ua a u, a n

    N p p ua i l d (V ) a u s an .

    H t e ou Th t ,
    tr [ h th ; t e tr ] Tr c t
    ou ee r T k iv l e, ill g e e o u, a ee . a n ea ua n e a e, v a on

    V v i l d (V)
    a au s an ,

    H k leu Ta ae d c y g lli ,
    l [ h to d y ; k l g lli l ( P rp h yri viti
    o e o a nu es e u, ec o a ae, a nu e o o

    Tr t r T k m l l vill g ac T g t bu i l
    n ea d ( T) M f
    o o o o o, a e on on a a s an —
    a a u, .

    l d l rd A l tr t
    an o r P
    . vill g so T g t b aci l d ( T) L v k n ea ea , a e on on a a u s an —
    a a a,

    l d l r d A l tr t
    an o r P g i v ill g
    .
    so L if k i l d (H)
    ac n ea an a ,
    a e on u a s an ,

    H li T
    eu w d
    . fi od l h t g th r [ h
    ar t w rd o ff ; Ii t
    an l h t get h r ]
    as o e e e u, o a o , o as o e .

    Tr t ac r T k iv l
    n ea v ill g o V v i l d ( V ) u an e a e, a e n a au s an ,

    H m l f l T
    eu o a -o t h bird th wi g by
    o ti g th
    ca c t [h t c t c h bir d
    s on e n cas n e ne e u, o a s

    wi g ; m t th et] Tr t r N k l f vill g
    " “

    onth ew i th ; I f t n o, a o, o ca s e n . ac n ea u ua o a , a e

    onT g t b i l d (T)
    on a a u s an .

    H if f o oou A w d . t [ h if t d ne d; f w] Tr c t
    es c en r F t mu o, o es c en oo u , ne . a n ea a u ,

    vill g a T g t b
    e i l d (T)
    on on a a u s an .

    H if g on Th d a ,
    di g pl eTr a c t o T g t b i l d ( T ) O th e
    e s c en n ace . n on a a u s an , n

    w a t h r h re
    e e s o .
    100 B er n ice P . B is hop Ill us e u ni — B u ll eti n
    H ifo n ga k a k a ,
    To c li m b a l a nd n i g pl ace [ h ifo n ga , l a nd n i g pl a ce ; k a k a , to c li mb ] ,

    Tr c t a r L t f vill a g e
    nea F oa i l o o oa , H on s and ( ) .

    Hi h if T h e W t D i tri c t on To g t b i l d ( T ) C m p o i g th w t r
    o. es . s n a a u s an . o s n e es e n

    t h ir d f T g t b o Al d i tri t
    on N m k
    a a i l d ( H ) A l v ill g e
    u . so s c on o u a s an . so a on

    L if k a i l
    u d (H) A l o d i tri t
    s an V v i l d (V)
    . C m p i g th e w t r
    s s c on a au s an . o os n es e n

    p rt
    a f V v o i l d A l vill ga au Ni t op t p u i l d ( NT )
    s an . so a e on ua u a s an .

    Hi k i h k o To r m v o , d rriv t [ h i k i t r mov e ; h k t rriv e a t] Tr c t


    e o e an a e a , o e o o, o a . a

    n ea r K l v i vill g o o T g t b a i l d ( T ) At l d l rd Al
    , a e on tr t on a a u s an —
    a, an o ,
    so ac

    n ea r H v k t ol vill g aa aT g t b
    a i l d ( T ) Ah m l d l rd Al o
    o, a e on on a a u s an —
    o ee , an o . s

    tr tac r L g t em vill g
    n ea T on g t b o i l d ( T ) V ik e, l d l rda e on on a a u s an —
    e un e , an o ,

    Al so tr t i P g i vill g ac Lif k
    n i l d (H)
    an a , a e on u a s an .

    H ik i i l gi T li ft i th
    an . k y [ hi k i t
    o li ft ; i i ; l gi k y ] Tr c t
    n e s Tu g , o , n an , s . a on n ua

    i l
    s an d ( H) T i H t i h l d l rd—
    u aa e o, an o ,

    Hi k ua k i W it h ,
    d [ hi k d; k i w it h ]
    an Tr a c t
    en r P g i vill g e o u, en a , ,
    n ea an a ,
    a n

    P an g i m otu i l
    a d (V) s an .

    H ik u a no . Th d f m r h [ hi k
    e e d ;
    en m r h]
    o Tr a c t
    a aN om u ks u, n a n o, a s ,
    on a

    i l d ( H ) A l tr c t
    s an T , g i l d ( H ) T i H t ih l d l rd
    so a on un ua s an —
    u aa e o, an o .

    Hik t ua e a E d f th
    . w h iti h
    n lo o[ hi k d; e l r e ; t w h iti h ] s en c s ur e u, en a, e n c os u ea , s .

    Th e p lli g H ik
    s e t w n l obt a i d Tr t u a eu r F t l vill g o
    as a so ne . ac n ea a a u ua , a e n

    Ni f o i l d ( NF )
    ua o u s an .

    H ik f u o non g Th e d f a j r e y [ hi k
    . d; f en g j r ey ] Tr t
    o a ou nr u, en o n on a, ou n ,
    ac n ea

    H t f v ill g e o T g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    a a a u, a n H g i l d (V)
    on a a u s an ,
    so ac on un a s an

    F li
    u i l
    va d l rd ,
    Al tr t
    an r T o vill g. V v so i l d (V) Al o
    ac n ea a oe , a e on a au s an . s

    tr c t o Ni f u i l d ( NF ) F tofll i l an d l r d
    a n ua oo s an —
    o , o .

    H ik h u au E d ,
    f l rg b n dl o [ hik a d; h a l rg b ee on e d l e] nee e u, en a u, a a e on n ee .

    Tr t ac r V i p vill g
    n ea Ni t p t p u i l d ( N T ) M t l d l rd
    a oa , a e on ua o u a s an —
    a a u, an o ,

    H ik ik u Th
    a ,
    t il f fi h [ h i k e d ; ik a fi h] o Tr t a r Ng u oh o i l
    s u, en a, s ,
    ac n ea a n , v

    l ge
    a Ut g k e i l d ( V )
    on un Al o tr t
    a r T an k iv l vill ge o V a v a u
    s an . s ac n ea u e a e, a n

    i l d (V)
    s an .

    H ik l u an gi Th e d . f th k y [ hi k e e d ; l n gi k y]
    o Tr c t T
    e s g a i l d u, n an , s . a on un u s an

    (H) T i H
    —
    t i h o l d l rd
    u aa e ,
    an o ,

    H ik l tu a a Th p i t
    . f th e l m h r b [ h i k
    e o n th p i t of
    o th i g ; l t h r b ] a s u u, e o n a n a a, s u .

    Tr t ac r Ni t n ea v ill g To g t b i l d (T)
    u ou a , a e on n a a u s an

    H ik m k
    u Th t il
    o o . f th e g c k [ hi ke e d; m k
    a o g ck ] Tr c t r M t ik
    e o u, n o o, e o , a n ea a a a,

    vill g o V a v i l d ( V )
    a e n au s an .

    H ik i
    un s e T m k , do Pl T a g t bu i l
    e an d (T) en L d i,
    e tr l ace on on a a s an . an n c n a

    T on g t b a awh r h r u M i i i d t h ve th r w o
    e e e o t d o t h r tr
    un s sa o a o n c c on u s an e ee s

    in a co t t w it h th h r P g l t h
    n es P r b bly r M l p
    e e o un a o o oa ,
    o a n ea a a o .

    Hik un u i Th , p i t f e t tr ; th e p i t f th
    o n o ao t tr [ h i k
    c o c on u ee o n o e c oc nu ee u,

    p i t
    o n d;
    , i en o t tr ] Tr t n u , c oc r v ill g T nu g t b i l d (T)
    ee , ac s n ea a es on on a a u s an :

    n ea r K l v i A ta l d l r d P
    o o a L v k
    —
    l d l rd , d F t m
    an A l o tr c t
    o , ea — a a a, an o , an a u u , s a

    on K t i l d ( H ) A l o tr t
    o u s an r T n i vill g o V v i l d L u i, s ac n ea e s ,
    a e n a au s an —
    an ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    H ik unon o o f Th d f d w lli g t g t h r [ h i k
    . e en d; o f t d w ll t e n o e e u, en n o n o o, o e o

    g t h r ] Tr t
    e e . r V i m l vill g ac V v i l d (V)
    n ea a a o, a e on a au s an .

    Hi k uo n e S d y p i t [ hik
    ,
    an p i t; d]
    o n Tr c t a r Oh vill g
    u, o n o n e, san . a ne onu a , a e on

    E ua i l d (T) s an .

    H ik p p
    u a Th t il f th p p fi h [ h i k
    a . e a d; p p o ki d f a fi h]
    e a Tr t a s u, e n a a, a n o s , ac
    n ea r Ng h vill g o Ut g k i l d ( V )
    a un o o, a e n un a e s an .

    Hik t m l i T
    u a o tri k th . d f th o r g tr e [ h i k
    s e d; t e t en tri k ; o e o an e e u, en a, o s e
    m lio ,r g ] P i lo an i th m
    e . Ut g k en n s u ai l d ( V ) Th or rt h s us on un a e s an . e no

    en d f Ut o g k i l d un l th i t h mu a e ti g th e rt h d w it h
    s an or e se e s s c o n n ec n no en

    m i i l d
    a n s an ,
    102 B e r n ic e P . B is hop M us e um— B u lletin
    Ho ifu a r ee bl e c m f rt bl f v r bl Tr t
    ,
    Ag a , r U i h vill g
    o o Uih a a e, a o a e . ac n ea a, a e on .

    i ls an d (H) M l p o l d l rd -
    a u ,
    an o ,

    H i t
    o u a I l . d H oi [ t n ani l a d ] Tr c t o T g a i l d ( H ) T i H t i h ou a, n n . a n un u s an —
    u aa e ,

    l d l or d
    an .

    H k
    o aa n g i T t k e ff th e h k f th e c oc n t [ h k g t t k ff th
    a n u. o a o us o o u o aan a, o a e o e

    h k
    us f th co t; i c ut ]
    e Tr t e r Oh
    oc o n u vill g e Eu
    n u, (T) oc on ,
    ac n a on ua , a on a .

    H k f
    o a a S m ll c r
    . ti m b r of p d a w d [ h k m ll r ti m b r i T
    os s e an a nu s oo o a, s a c os s e n on

    g an h ; f ou s e
    p d ] Tr t e r F l m vill g e
    a, an Ulb i l d ( H )
    a nus . ac n a e e ea , a on a s an

    H k i h k i To p l
    o o t yt h i g l t g t h r Tr t
    . an r L p h v ill g o To
    an n c os e o e e ,
    ac n ea a a a, a e n n

    g t bu i l d (T) P g i l d l d A l tr t
    s an r T l i vill g e an To a, an or so ac n ea a as u, a on n
    —
    a a ,

    g t b a a i l d ( T ) T i L k p l d l r d A l tr t
    u s an —
    r H u vill g e o u e a, an o . so ac n ea aa n o, a n

    H aano (H) T i H g l d l or d
    —
    u a an an a, an ,

    H k m p l t
    o o o N r t P l t u o u [h k ,
    r; m ead; p l t tho l d of th e u o u o o, n ea o, an u o u, e an

    g d o d
    s an f d p rt d hi f ] o Tr c t H a f e i l d (H) T h t k l d
    a e c e s ,
    a on a ev a s an —
    uu e o a, an

    l rd
    o .

    H k
    o ong T h p l c e rriv d
    a ,
    t [h k e t rriv t ; g p l ] Tr t
    a a rFe a o o, o a e a n a, ace ,
    ac n ea a

    l ev i v ill g
    a ,
    K p i l a d ( V ) Al tr t
    a e on r H l g vill g
    a a sV v u n . so ac n ea o on a, a e on a a

    i l d ( V)
    s an .

    H k
    o on g t l Thr p l
    a o u. rriv d t [ h k to rri v e t ; g p l ; t l
    ee a c es a e a o o, a a n a, ace o u,

    t h r ] Tr c t o Ni f
    ee . i l d ( N F ) F i t l d l or d
    a n ua oou s an
    —
    us ua , an ,

    H k l Th
    o u a. h or g e Tr c t e anc r V t vill g Ta g t b i l d ( T)
    . a n ea a o uu , a e on on a a u s an

    T i V k
    u l d l r d A l tr t
    a a n o, r L v g t g v ill g
    an o . To g t b so ac nea a en a on a, a e on n a a u

    i l d ( T ) A l f r m r v ill g
    s an . T f i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    so o er Hi h i f a e on o ua s an . so ac n ea o,

    v ill g a Lif k
    e on i l d ( H ) T h i tr t b l g d t f m ily f Ki g G r g e I
    u a s an . s ac e on e o a o n eo .

    A w t r h l th r b r
    a e m m
    o e d w c h i fly b t h i g p l
    e e o e sa r d f e na e an as a e a n a ce, ca e or

    b y ch i f t i r A l tr c t M i l d ( H ) A l tr t
    ’
    e s re a ne s g . so a on ou n a on e s an . so ac on

    Of l o an
    g i l d (H) a s an .

    H l f
    o aa a To b ,
    d d x gge r t [ h l to b
    a s c on d; f t wi h t
    an t ih
    e a a e o a, a s c on a a, o s o a s on s

    o t h r wit h w h t i f d ily
    e s rr ce ] Tr t a r Ulb vill g o U i h
    s o a o c cu en . ac n ea a, a e n a

    i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd
    s an —
    a u o, an o .

    H l k k
    o aa Th
    u b d i g f th k k
    u . h ll fi h [ h l
    e a t
    s c on b c d; f; k k
    n o e u u s e s o a, o a s on a, o u u,

    h ll fi h ] Tr t r H v ill g H i l d ( H) T i H g a an an a ,
    ~—
    a s e s . ac n ea a a n o, a e on aano s an u

    l d l rd
    an o .

    H l
    o aa u l p Th b o d i g of th p i g
    e , [h l
    e a t ab sc d; n f; l p n p ig ] e e on o a, o s c on a, o u e, e on .

    Tr c t a E ik i i l
    on d (T) ue s an .

    H l p
    o aa To o. b d by i gh t [ h l to b
    a d;
    s c on f; p i gh t ] Tr t n r o a, a s c on a, o o, n . ac n ea

    N k u k
    un u v ill g T g t b
    u, i l d ( T ) Tu i V ka e on l d l rd Al t a c t on a a u s an -
    a a n o, an o , so r

    n ea r Ui h vill g Ui n i l d ( H ) M l p o l d l r d Al o tr c t
    a, a e on r a s an —
    a u , an o ,
    s a n ea

    F t o ua , vill g F i l d (H) a e on oa s an ,

    H l
    o aas i Ab . d ed b t p e tr t e d [ h l t b
    s c on d; i t u p tr t ] Tr t ne a a a, o a s c on as , o en e a e . ac

    on E ik i i lue d ( T) Al tr t e r U ih vill g
    s an Uih i l d ( H) Ma
    , so ac n a a, a e on a s an —

    l p l d l rd
    u o, an o ,

    H l t g t g
    o a a en Th b c d i g f th te gete g birl [ h | t a b c d ;
    e en a . e a s on n o e n n a o a, o s on a,

    of; t g t eng b ir d ] Tr t
    e en r P vill g
    a, a To g t b i la d ( T)
    ,
    ac n ea ea , a e on n a a u s n

    L v k a a l dl d a, an or ,

    H l
    o a ava k Th b a.d i g f th v el [ h l
    e a to a b d;
    s c on of ; v k v l]
    n o e es s o a, s con a, a a, es se .

    Tr t o L t g a i l d ( H )
    ac n o an s an ,

    H l f
    o a a. Fl tt e d o t Tr t e r Uih vill g a ne Uih
    u i l d (T) M l po
    . ac n a a, a e on a s an —
    a u ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    H l
    o an i H ll . d Tr t i M f g v ill g
    o an . T g t b ac i l d (T) n au an a, a e on on a a u s an .

    H l i t f T b e b l ov d Tr c t a r F l m vill g Ui h i l d (H)
    br t h e q i ck ly [ h t br t h ; l v q i k ly ] Tr t
    o e a o a , o e e , a ne e e ea , a e on a s an .

    H l
    o eva . T o ea u r M o, o ea e e a, u c . ac n ea au

    f ang vill g e a, T g t b i l d ( T ) Th
    a on rt h t p i t f T g t b
    on a a u s an , e no ea s o n o on a a u,

    a dj t t N k k m t T h r Ul k l l h
    a c en o u ho
    un u A l o tr c t
    u o u r . e e u a a a as a use , s a n ea
    G i ffor d —
    Ton ga n P la c e Na m es . 103

    Ve it go vill ge
    on T g t b
    , i l d ( T ) A l tra c t n e r P g i vi ll g
    a on on a a u s an , so a an a , a e

    on Lif k i l d ( H)
    u A l o tr
    a t Ok s an i l d ( V ) T i L k p l d l rd . s ac on oa s an —
    u a e a, an o .

    Al o vill g e o
    s K l i l an d ( V ) Al tr t o K p i l d ( V ) Al tr t
    a n o oa s . so ac n a a s an , so ac

    ar P g i vill g e o P g i m t i l d ( V ) Al tr t r vill g o
    _

    ne an a , a n an a o u s an . so ac s n ea a es n

    V v i l d (V)
    a au r T f i F l t
    s an d H l g : n ea a e un , e e oa , an o on a .

    H l C m f rt bl r fr h i g Tra c t
    o o. o o r Oh
    a e, v ill g Ee i l d (T)
    es n . n ea on u a , a e on ua s an .

    Al tr t
    so r vill g ac s T ga t b i l d (T)
    n ea r P L v k a l d es on on a u s an : n ea e a— a a a, an

    l r d ; M l p P g i l d l r d ; T t k m t g T g i l d l r d ; K ol g
    o a a o— an a, an o a a a o on a— un ,
    an o on a

    N k u l d l rd
    u, d F m t
    an T g i l d l r d Al tr t
    o , an r T k ua a o u— un ,
    an o . so ac n ea ua n u u,

    vill g a V v i l d ( V ) Ul k l l l d l rd A l tr t
    e on a au s an r L im t —
    u a a a, an o , so ac n ea e a ua ,

    vill g a V v u i l e d (V)
    on F t l d l rd a a s an —
    o u, an o ,

    H l
    o oa ngi gi T d y w it h
    an pi f t p
    . [h l o t d y; r gi gi pi f a ec e o a a o o, o r an an , a ec e o

    t p ] Tr c t
    a a , r Ui h vill g a U ih i l d ( H ) M l p l d l rd A l
    n ea a, a e on a s an —
    a u o, an o , so

    tr t ac r V i p vill g
    n ea Ni t p t p i l d ( NT ) M t l d l r d
    a oa , a e on ua o u a u s an —
    a a u, an o

    m v i q i k rri v [ h l t m v i q i ck
    ,

    H l h
    o o T a u. c oi d o e n u c su c e s s on an a e o o, o o e n u s uc

    i ; h t rri v ] C m t ry
    c e s s on a u, r M k v vill g o a V v i l d (V ) e ,
    e e e n ea a a e, a e on a au s an .

    H l h i fi T
    o o f ll wit h th
    u . y m [ h l o t f ll ; i wit h ;
    a fi y m ] P r b bly e a o o, o a , u , a . o a so

    na m d fr m th my t h w h i h t t
    e o t h t th m t ri l f t h i h ill t g t h r w it h
    e c s a es a e a e a o s , o e e

    th fir t y m w p
    e s d d w fr m h
    a v ,
    A h ill
    as h r t fMou r e o n o ea en . on s o e ea s o au

    f g v ill g
    an a T g t b i l d (T) ; l
    a e on ll d P p h ill on t f
    a a u s an a so ca e o ua on a c c ou n o

    surr d i g tr t P p
    ou n n ac o ua .

    H l i f
    o o a u. T b ff th pr y [ h l i t
    o ru b ff ; f opr y] Tr c t r V ip
    e s a o o , o ru o a u, s a . a n ea a oa ,

    v ill g a N i t p t p i l d ( NT ) M t
    e on ua ol d l d Al tr c t u a rP t i u s an -
    aa u, an or . so a n ea e an ,

    vill g a Ni f e on i l d ( NF ) ua oou s an ,

    H l i
    o o an g Th pl af d m liti
    , [ h l i t d m li h ;
    e ace o g pl ] Tr t r e o on o o , o e o s an a, a ce ,
    ac n ea

    V i m l vill g o V v i l d ( V )
    a a o, a e n a au s an .

    H l k k l
    o o aTh t d t w l [ h l t w l ; k k l w et m lli g fl w er ]
    a a ,
    e s c en e o e o o, o e a a a, s e s e n o s .

    Tr t e r T
    ac k n vill ge a V v i l d ( V ) Ul k l l l d l r d
    ua nu u, a on a au s an —
    u a a a, an o ,

    H l g A w Tr t i
    o on a. d r Ut l v ill g
    ro . T g t bac s i l d (T) n an n ea u au, a e on on a a u s an .

    Al tr t
    so r N k l k v ill g
    ac T
    n ea g t b i l d ( T ) P g i l d l rd
    u u e a, a e on on a a u s an — ~
    an a, an o .

    Al v ill g
    so T g t b i l d (T) A
    a e on tr t L f g
    on i l d (H) a a u s an .
    l
    so ac on o an a s an .

    Al tr t
    so r F l v i v ill g
    ac K p i l d ( V ) A l vill g
    n ea a e V v a ,
    a e on a a s an . so a e on a au

    i l d ( V ) Al tr t
    s an Ni f . i l d ( NF ) so ac on u a o ou s an .

    H l g l l
    o on L w r H l
    a a o g [l l b l w b
    ,
    o t h ] Tr t
    e r H l g vill g
    o on a a o, e o ,
    en e a , ac n ea o on a, a e
    on V v i l d ( V ) Al tr t
    a au Ni f
    s an i l d ( NF ) , so ac on ua oo u s an .

    H l
    o on g t I l d H l
    au a g [ t i l d ] Tr c t
    . n an r Ni f i l d ( NF )
    o on a u a, n an , a n ea u a oou s an ;

    H l
    o o osi L ttti g . h i o e p t t th n d a Tr t c Of l a n
    g il d r ro e r un ou o e en , ac on o an a s an

    (H)
    H l p ka Flyi g f x p i g b y [ h l t m v i q i k c i ; p k
    .

    o o e . n o es ass n o o, o o e n u c s u c es s on e a,

    flyi g f ] Tr t
    n r P g i vill g
    ox L if k
    , i l d ( H) Al ac ill g n ea an a ,
    a e on u a s an , so v a e on

    L if k i l d ( H ) A l h ill r N i f v ill g V v i l d (V)


    i g by i q i k
    u a s an , so n ea e a u, a e on a au s an .

    H l t f
    o o aea e P . i w it h t t r i g [ h l t p
    as s n by i n u c s uc c es s o n ou u n n o o, o ass n

    q i ku c c i ; t wit h t ; f t t r ] Tr t
    s uc es s o n F if i l d (H) a e, ou a e, o u n . ac on on o ua s an

    T i Afi t
    u l d l rd u, an o .

    H l t p
    o o a S r d t w l [h l t w l; t p
    u . ac r d ] Pl e E i l d (T)
    o e o o, o e a u, s ac e . a ce on ua s an
    At th i p l t p a t w l f ll fr m th h d f th rp e f T i T g T i
    ,

    s ace a a o e e o e ea o e co s o u on a u
    t t i
    a u it w b i g c rri d b y h i h l f br t h r F i p l H e th
    as as e nm a e s a ~
    o e as a u e , en c e na e .

    S l F tp M t tp
    ee a s o d M g t p
    au a u, o u a u, an ou n a a u ,

    H m t
    o a Y r fi h h k [ n y r ; m t fi h h k ] N rt h t p r m t ry f
    a u. ou s oo o, ou a a u, s oo . o ea s o on o o
    N m k o i l d ( H ) Th
    u a m i p r b bly s an m i p lli g f H m t . e na e s o a a ss e n o ou a au .

    H g F mi
    en e ,
    Tr t N m k i l
    a d (H) ne . ac on o u a s an ,

    H g T b h rt f f d Tr t
    on sa , o r K l v i vill g
    e T s g t b o i l d o oo . ac n ea o o a , a e on an a a u s an .

    ( T ) At —
    l d l rd A l tr t a, r F k k k i vill g o H o i l d ( H )
    an o , so ac n ea a a a a , a e n aan s an .
    104 B e r n ic e P . B is hop M us e u m — B u ll etin
    Ho n go n e . S om e hi n g t s ma ll Tr c t
    . a n ea r Nu k u h i tu l u , vill a g e on To n ga ta p u i las nd

    (T) .

    Ho p a ,
    A k i nd of b aan Tr c t na ,
    a n ea r F t a l v ill a g e
    a Ni a f u ua , on u oou ( NF ) ,

    Ho p o k a n ga ,
    Th e ti m fo j mp i ge r u n or c o mi g f r w rd Tr t a r
    n o a . ac ne Ne i a fu , vill g e a

    on Va v au is l and (V ) .

    Ho p o m ofo k a i , To l ea p w it h th liz rd e a [ ho p o , to l ea p ; m o , w h ; f o k a i, a a it l rge


    liz a r d ] Tra t r L . V v i l c F t l
    n ea e i m t vill g
    a ua , a e on a au s and ( V ) — o u, and o d l r ,

    H p o T
    o n oa j mp t r d m [ h p to j m p ;
    . o r d om ] Tr t n
    u a Ni an o o o, u noa , an . ac e ar u

    t vill g o T g t b i l d ( T )
    oua , a e n on a a u s an .

    H it os A s t lli
    a u. Tr t n a r M t h vill g a Ni f o i l on d ( NF )
    ,
    ac e a aa o, a e on ua o u s an .

    H t o a a ne Y r h i fly m a rr i g [ h y o r ; t
    . ou m rri g o f
    c e h i f] Tra t a e e, u a a n e, a a e a c e . c

    i H k ili vill g o T g t b i l d ( T )
    n aa , a e n on a a u s an .

    H t p t
    o a F rbi d d t y t t h [ n th y t h i e ; t p f rbi d d ; t
    u o o. o en o ou o ou c o, ,
    n a u, o en oo ,

    t h t k ] Tra t
    ou c ,
    r Ut g k vill g
    a e Utu g k e i l an d ( V )
    , c n ea un a e, a e on n a s .

    H t i Tr t
    o . L f g i l d (H) ac on o an a s an .

    ll
    -
    o ua .T e d to c mm d
    o s e rr a d n Tr t e r F u m t u v i ll g o
    , o an on an n . ac n a aa o , a e n

    T g t b
    on i l d (T)
    a a T g i l d l ord u s an —
    un , an ,

    H k i I li i g t v m it f d [ h
    ou a . nc i li ed to v mi t ; k i f od ] Tra c t n ea r
    n n o o oo o u, nc n o a , o .

    N i f vill g V v u i l d (V)
    H l i R g h iv ry [ h
    e a u, a e on a a s an .

    ou e ,
    r gh ; l i i v ry ] Tra c t n ea r L t ofoa vill g e o
    ou o o u, ou e , o .
    o , a n

    F a i l
    o d ( H) s an ,

    H m ou P i t a f l . d Vill g o n E ( T) Al tr t
    o r vill g
    an . a e on ua . so ac s n ea a es on

    T g t b
    on i l d (T)
    a a ar H t f H m
    u s and L p h P g i l d l rd : ne a a a u, ou a, an a a a— an a, an o ,

    Al vill g e
    so To g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr t
    a on K tu i l d ( H ) A l n a a u s an , so ac on o s an , so

    tra c t M t k u i l an d ( H ) T i H t e i h
    on a u l d l r d Al s o tr t o F t a i l s —
    u aa o, an o . ac n e o s

    and (H) A l o tr a c t o H f . i l d ( H ) Tu h t k l d l rd Al o tr t
    s n a a ev a s an —
    u e o a, an o ,
    s ac

    o Ni i
    n (H) A l so tr c t
    n va L f g (H) Al tr c t ,
    r M it vill g a on o an a . so a n ea u oa , a e

    on H o i l d (H) T i H gaan l d l r d A l tr c t o O f l g i l d
    s an —
    u aan an a , an o . so a n o an a s an

    (H) A l o tr
    !
    . t T g i l
    s d (V) Ak l lac d l rd Al on tr ct n e r s un a s an -
    a uo a , an o . so a a

    K p v ill g
    a a, K p i l d ( V ) A l o tr a c t o L p e i l d ( V ) Al o tr c t
    a e on a a s an . s n a s an . s a

    n ear H m v ill g V v i l d ( V ) Al o tr t
    ou a, r T u k iv l e vill g
    a e on a au s an . s ac n ea ane a ,
    a e

    on V v i l d ( V ) A l tr c t e r F l t v ill g
    a au s an V v i l d (V) . so a n a e e oa , a e on a au s an .

    Al vill g
    so V v i l d (V) a e on a au s an .

    H m kou P i t
    aa f l d o f th ee. k e tr [h mo n p oi t f l d;
    o k tr ee ]
    an a ee ou a, n o an a e, a ,

    Tr c t a r H m vill g n ea To ga ta b i l d (T) V ou l d l rd Al o
    a, a e on n u s an —
    a ea , an o , s

    tr t ac r L t f vill g n ea F i l d ( H ) T i P l h k l d l rd
    o o oa , a e on oa s an —
    u e e a e, an o .

    H m f h f
    ou P i t
    a a f l d f th e a p d ,
    d th e h f g r
    o n [h m o p i t an o e an an us an e a ass ou a, o n

    of l d; f an p d ; h f gr ]
    a, Tr t r N k k vill g
    an an us T e a, a ass . ac nea u un u u, a e on on

    g t b a a i l d (T) T i V k u l d l rd A l f rtr
    s an g te —
    r M tf u a a n o, an o , so o es s a n ea a a on ua ,

    vill g e o T g t b i l d ( T ) A l tr c t
    a n At t
    on i l an d ( T ) At l d
    a a u s an . so a on a a s —
    a, an

    l ord .

    H m f k l l
    ou a aP i t f l d w h era e e th y am by fl y i g bird [ h m p i t
    ,
    o n o an e e use n s ou a, o n

    of l d; f k l l
    an t m by flyi g bird ] Tr c t
    a a e e, r F t vill g e o a us e n s , a n ea e oa , a on

    T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) L i l d l rd A l tr t
    a a u s an r H m l vill g —
    ua n ,
    an o . so ac n ea a u a, a e on

    T g t b
    on i l d ( T ) P g i l d l r d A l tr c t
    a a u s an r Ut g k vill g —
    an a, an o . so a n ea un a e, a e

    on Ut g k i l d ( V ) T it l d l r d Al p r m t ry o V v i l d
    un a e s an —
    u a, an o . so o on o n a au s an

    (V) O . rt h w e t t n no s c oa s .

    H m f l
    ou i P i t
    a a ev a f l d f F l ev i [ h ,
    m p i t o nf l d] Tr c t
    o r an o a a ou a, o n o an , a n ea

    F l v i vill g o K p i l d ( V ) F k t l l l d l rd
    a e a ,
    a e n a a s an —
    a a u o o, an o ,

    H m f if i P i t o f l
    ou a e d f th a f i f i tr
    . [h m o np i t f l d ; f if i an o e e a ee ou a, o n o an e a , a

    tr ] Tr t
    ee r K l v i vill g
    . ac T g t b i l d ( T ) A t l d l rd
    n ea o o a , a e on on a a u s an —
    a, an o .

    H m fi i P i t f l
    ou a d
    s f fl w r, [h m o n p i t f l d ; fi i fl w er]
    o an Tr t o o e s ou a, o n o an s , o , ac

    r Al k i vill g
    n ea T g t b
    a i l d ( T ) T i P l h k l d l or d
    , a e on on a a u s an —
    u e e a e, an .
    106 B er ni c e P . B is hop M u s eu m — B u lletin
    Ho u ma to l oa ,
    Po i t
    l an d of th d ck [ h m po i t f l d ; t l
    n of d ck e u ou a, n o an o oa , u

    ( An as Pr m t ry T g ta b i l d ( T ) Th s t h o on o on on a u s an . e ou er n

    m t p i t o f T ga ta b i l d
    os o n l a ll d C k p i t
    on Al pl u
    e o To g s an , a so c e oo o n . so ac n n a
    t b u i l n d ( T ) I th e g re t l a goo
    a s a . n a n ,

    H m t
    ou a ua .Th b ck f th p i t of l d [ h m p oi t of l d ; t
    e a o b a ck ]
    e o n an ou a, n an ua , .

    Tr c t a r Ah vill a g o T g t b i s l d ( T )
    n ea a u, e n on a a u an ,

    H m t
    ou au a.I l d p i t f l d [h n an m p i t of l d;o n t i l d]o Tra c t a r an ou a, o n an u a, n an . ne

    Ni t o u vill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) A l o tra c t
    ua , a e n Ut i vill g n
    on a a u s an , s n ear u ,
    a e o

    V v i l d ( V ) A h m l d l or d
    a au s an -
    o ee, an .

    H m t
    ou au u P i t f l d ,
    f th t fi h [h
    o n m o p oi t f l
    an d; t fi h]
    o e u u s ou a, n o an u u, a s .

    Tr t e r O h
    ac n vill g a E a i l d (T)
    on u a , a e on u s an ,

    H ou m t l au u au P i t f l d f g a t h ri g l
    . v [h m p i t f l d; t
    o n o an o e n ea es ou a, o n o an u u,

    to g t h r ; l a l a v ] Tr c t o L t g i l d ( H ) A l o tr ac t a d d i tri c t
    e a u, e es . a n o an a s an , s n s

    ne a r Hi h i fo vill g L if k i l d (H)
    ,
    a e on u a s an .

    H m
    ou P i t
    a uv e a f l d f W lli
    , i l d [h m p i t f l d; v W l
    o n o an o a s s an ou a, o n o an u ea , a

    li s i l d ] Tr t
    s an r A h vill g . T g t b
    ac i l d ( T ) A l trac t
    n ea a u, a e on on a a u s an , so

    n ea r M k vill g anu T g t b i l d (T)


    a, a e on on a a u s an .

    H m l i
    ou e e Tr t r N i f v ill g
    , ac Va v i l d ( V )
    n ea e a u, a e on au s an .

    H m l il l
    ou e e L w r H m el i [ l l
    a o . b l w b o t h ] Tr c t
    e ou r N i f vill g e a o, e o , e n ea , a n ea e a u, a e

    on V v u i l d (V)
    a a s an

    q lmi h q l mi h ; t l th r ] Tr t ea r
    .

    H t l
    ou o u The thr .
    [h ee ua s o n es o u, ua s o u, ee , ac n

    L v a g t o g vill g
    en a T g t b
    n i l
    a, d (T) a e on on a a u s an

    q l m i h [ h q l m i h ; l f l ] Tr t a r
    ,

    H o uv a el Th f l wh
    ,
    i e oo o s ua s o u, ua s v a e, oo , ac ne

    V i i vill g
    a n , T g t b i l d ( T ) M f l d l rd
    a e on on a a u s an —
    a a u, an o .

    H fi i Fiji
    ua s . j t [h j t ; fi i Fiji ] Tr ac t
    an es r Va ipua , ill g a es s , an ,
    n ea oa , v a e on

    Ni t p t p i l d ( NT ) M t l d l r d
    ua o u a u s an —
    a a u, an o ,

    H k m k m
    ua a To t ur
    a p tha s an d i a . e k i g th e h ll fi h k m a k m
    n u [h e n s e n s e s a a a ua ,

    to t r p th
    u n u e rt h ; k m k m h ll fi h ]
    e Tr c t
    a O i l d ( H ) Al o
    a a a a, a s e s . a on ua s an . s

    tr c t
    a Ni f on i l d ( NF ) ua oou s an . .

    H ua k ava T d ig p k v
    .
    [h to p ro t ; k v u k va ] Tr t e r K ol mai l
    a a a a, o u o a a, a . ac n a o e,

    vill g a Ee i l d ( T ) A l tr t e r M k v ill g
    on ua s an T g t bu , so ac n a a nu a, a e on on a a

    i l
    s an d (T) Al tr t r K l g v ill g o T g ta b i l d ( T ) N k
    . so ac n ea o on a, a e n on a u s an —
    u u,

    l d l r d A l tr c t r T fi i v ill g V v i l d ( V ) L i l d l rd
    l ; l v q i ck ly ]
    —
    an o , so a n ea e s , a e on a au s an uan , an o ,

    H l
    ua ev a . T t k v l q i k ly [ h t t k o ac a v es s e u c ua , o ac , as a es s e e a, u .

    Tr t e r N k l of vill g e o T g ta b u i l a d ( T )
    ac n a u ua a, a n on a s n ,

    H ua lil C o. l d j k [ h a j k e ; lil o c l d ] Tr c t
    o n c ea e o e Ok i la d
    ua , o o, c n ea e . a on oa s n

    (V ) T i L k p
    —
    l d l rd
    u a e a, an o .

    H ua n a f A r p u. t d j t [h j t ; f i t r p t ] Tr t
    e ea e es r L g ua , a es na u , o e ea . ac n ea on o~

    t m v ill g o T g t b i l d ( T ) V i k
    e e, a e n l d l rd
    on a a u s an —
    e un e , an o .

    H g A
    ua n a . tr t h r h l d ce
    n en Tr c t e r P ga i vill g o L i f k
    a n c e, es o , ac ss . a n a an ,
    a e n u a

    i l d (H)
    R ti g of p i g [ h to r t ; p k p ig] Tr c t e F ot a vill g
    s an .

    H p
    ua uak a ,
    oo n s ua , oo ua a, . a n ar u ,
    a e

    on F i l d ( H ) T i P el eh a k l d l r d
    oa s an —
    u e, an o ,

    H t f
    ua a a To t ,
    t f p r ep r ti of f d [ h as e p r p r ti
    o a f f od ; t f a a on oo ua, a e a a on o o a a,

    t o t t f] Tr c t
    as e Kot i l d ( H ) A l o tr t
    o . a r Fa l h vill g e o
    on u s an , s ac n ea e a u, a n

    Ni t p t p i l d ( NT )
    ua o u a u s an ,

    H t t
    ua a a u A i m il r j k [ h
    . j k ; t t s i m il r ] Tr t
    s a o e M g e a a, a o e a a u, a . ac on ou n a on

    i l d (H)
    s an .

    H f F r a c ri fi c s [ n
    u a. ou c ri fis ; f f r ] Tr t e r N i fu vill g
    e u, sa ce a, ou . ac n a e a , a e on

    V v i l d ( V ) A l o tr t
    a au s an r T l vill g .
    V va i l d ( V) s ac n ea ou a , a e on a u s an .

    H f g
    u an A r f g
    a ,
    h lt r Tr t e u r T tak a mot g vill a g e
    e, a s e T g t b
    e . ac n ea a on a, on on a a u

    i l d ( T ) T u g i l d l rd
    s an —
    n , an o .
    Gi ffor d —
    Ton ga n P lac e Na mes 107

    H ufa n ga l u p e ,
    R e fu ge of th e p ig eo n s [ h ufa n ga , r e fu ge ; l u p e i geo ] P l c e , p n ,
    a on

    Tong a ta b u i s r l a nd ( T) , On th e w e a h e t r sh o e ,
    Al h ill so ar V i i v ill g ne a n ,
    a e

    on T g t b i lon d (T) A h ill


    a a th e h r u s an . on s o e o f th e g r t l g wh e i t ea a oon , er

    i s s id p i g o a w r e rel d t fl y to Ee i l d
    ns e ea s e o ua s an ,

    H i A b
    u ,
    Tra t ear V im l vill ge o V va i l d ( V )
    on e . c n a a o, a n a u s an .

    H if
    u [H i b
    ou u .
    ] Tr c t r Hi h i f vill g o L i f k i l d ( H )
    u , on e . a n ea o, a e n u a s an .

    H ih i Th r y
    u u ,
    Tr c t r L i m t y i ll g
    o n V v
    . i l d ( V ) F tu l d
    a n ea e a ua , a e on a au s an —
    o , an

    l r d A l o tr t
    o ,
    r F l h vill g
    s Ni t p t p ac i l d ( NT )
    n ea a e a u, a e on ua o u a u s an .

    H ih il l
    u u L w r H ih i [ l l
    a o ,
    b l w b a t h ] Tr t
    o e r L im t vill a ge
    u u a o, e o , en e , ac n ea e a ua ,

    V v i l d (V) F t l d l d
    _

    on a au s an —
    o u, an or .

    H l B l g d d i t d d Tr t i
    u a. u e d , r M t h vill g
    s en To g e . ac s n an n ea a a au, a e on n a

    t b i l d (T)
    a u s an ,

    H l
    u a a va el Th rryi g f . i p r e[h l tca r y y th i g l r ge o n o an n s an e e s on a a, o ca r an n a r

    b lk y ;
    u f; l ia, p r ] Tr t
    o e r K va e, k p l vill g an n sane e s on . ac n a ano u o u, a e on

    T g ta b u i l
    on d ( T)
    a s an ,

    H l h p i Pig
    u a aa f rt i iz fr m H p i [ h l
    a . s t rmo d fa th ce a n s e o aa a u a, a e use or e s ec

    on d l rg t iz i p i g ; h p i th
    a es tr l g ro p of i l d i th T g
    s e n s aa a , e c en a u s an s n e on an

    ar h i p el g ] Tr t
    c ar H t i h o vill g
    o . T g t bu i lac d ( T) T i n ea aa e , a e on on a a s an —
    u

    H t ih l d l rd
    aa e o, an o .

    H l
    u e. [ 0h l h ll fi h ] Pl u e, a T g t b i l d ( T ) O w th r h re
    s e s . a c e on on a a u s an . n ea e s o .

    Al f rtr e
    so r M tf
    o vill ge ss T ga t b i l d ( T) T i V k a
    n ea a a on u a , a on on a u s an — ~
    u a no,

    l d l rd C p t r d d d tr y d by T f h ( l t er Ki g G e r g e I T p )
    an o ,
    a u e an es o e a u aa au a n o , u ou

    i n 1 83 7 .

    H u l ufe r Tr c t e r N k l f vill g e
    . A fe n , T g t b i l d ( T ) Al
    a n a u ua o a , a on on a a u s an , so

    tr c t
    a r T g m m vill g
    n ea Ni f i l d ( NF )
    on a a a o, a e on u a oou s an .

    H l ip
    u u g D y l
    a on v f tho. p g tr [ h l d y l f w h i h i
    r ea m ti m
    es o e a on o ee u u, r ea c s so e es

    us e d b tit t e f b
    as su l f i m k i g i g r tt e ; p g
    s u tr ] or a nan a ea n a n c a e a on o, a ee .

    C m t ry
    e Lif k
    e e i l d ( H ) S it t d e r o t h w t xtr m ity f L i f k
    on u a s an ,
    ua e n a s u es e e o u a .

    Th em t ry i ce h i gh m e e d d i v i d tly th s d arib d i C k ou n an s e en e on e es c e n oo
    ’
    s

    Voy g E v ry m a es , E d iti p g 26 9 It i e th g r v y d of th f m ily f


    an s
    ’
    on , a e . s e a e ar e a o

    M t B
    a a uv a v e r r f t h i titl w r th T i T g g v r r
    . ea e s d g t o s e e e e u on a s
    '
    o e no s an a en s

    (m t p l ) i H p i
    a a u e A xt t t l r l t t h t th m d w f rm d by
    n aa a , n e an a e e a es a e ou n as o e

    th t h r wi g h r f d l y by m ltit d f p p l w h w r w hi g
    e o n as o e o re c a a u u e o eo e o e e as n

    t h ir h d w it h d l y i th e rby
    e ea s re c a n e n a s ea .

    H l m i D y l f f th m i tr
    u u as ,
    r [h l d d d d ri d l
    ea f; m
    o i tr e ] e as ee u u, ea an e ea as , a e .

    Tr t ac L p i l d ( V)
    on a e s an ,

    H i N m of
    un . tr a Tr t e r vill g T ga t b
    a i l d (T)
    ee e r
    . ac s n ea a es on on a u s an : n a

    H m Vou l dl rd Ut l
    a— aea ,d N k l f Al tr t n r N i f
    an o , u a u, an u ua o a . so ac ea e a u,

    vill g a V v i l d ( V)
    e on a au s an .

    H i
    u n va i H i tr . e r th w t r [h
    un i tr ; i w t r ] Tr t ee n T a g e a e un , a ee va , a e , ac on a un a
    i l d ( V ) A k l l d l rd
    s an —
    a uo a , an o .

    H i
    u n v a o. B h h i tr [ h i us tr e ; b h w d ] Tr c t
    un T g ee un , a e v a o, us , oo s , a on a un s

    i l d ( V ) Ak ol l d l d
    s an —
    au a, an or .

    H g
    un T r d t w rd Tr c t
    a. u ne r vill g T og t b i l d (T ) ne r
    a s , a s n ea a es on on a a u s an : a

    Ah F i M t h
    a u, d N k
    ou l fa A l tr t
    ,
    a a H f i l d (H)
    au, an u ua o . so ac on a a ev a s an

    T h t k
    uu l d l rd Al tr t
    e o a, F t h an i l d ( H ) Al i l d ( V )
    o . so ac on o u aa s an . so s an .

    Al tr t d h ill
    so ac H g a i l d ( V ) F l i a i l d l r d A l tr t n r
    an on un s an -
    u v , an o . so ac ea

    M k v a vill ga e,V v i l d ( V ) T i A fi t l d l or d
    a e on a au s an —
    u u, an .

    H g p t
    un aa T r d t ow a rd th M c vy d k [ h g t r d t w r d ; p t
    a o . u ne s e us o uc un a, u ne o a s a o,

    M v y d k ] Tr t i N k l f v ill g
    us c o uc T g t b
    . i l d (T) ac n u ua o a , a e on on a a u s an .

    H g h p i T r d t o w rd
    un a aa a H p i [ h g t r d t w rd ; h p i th
    ,
    u ne a s aa a un a, u ne o a s aa a ,
    e

    c entr l g r p f th T g a r h ip l g ] A i l d f w t r v l i
    ou o e on an a c e a o . n s an o es e n o ca n c
    c h i lyi g ort h w e t of T o g t b
    a n n n s n a a u .
    108 B er n i c e P . B is hop M u s eu m — B u ll etin
    H u n ga l a u T r ed t ow rd th c n v e r ti [ h g t r d t o w r d ; l
    . u n a s e o sa on un a, u ne a s a u, c on

    v r ti ] Tr t
    e sa r M k v vill g e
    on . V v u i l ac d (V) T i Afi t
    nea l d a a e, a on a a s an —
    u u, an

    l rd o .

    H g l l
    un T r d t w a r d th e g r
    a u u . e [ h
    u ne g t r d t ow r d ; l lo ki d s su a can un a, u ne a s u u, a n

    fo g r c ] Tra c t
    su a r Ah vill g ane N i fo u i l
    , d ( NF ) F oto fi li n ea a u, a e on ua o s an —
    ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    H un
    g g Th an p lac t r d t ow a r d [ h g t r d t w a rd ; g
    a ,
    e e u ne s un a, u ne o s n a,

    Tr c t a r H v k t l vill g e o T g t b i l d ( T ) A h m l d l rd
    a ne aa a a o o, a n on a a u s an —
    o ee, an o ,

    Al f rtr es
    so g t or M ta f vill g s T g t bu i l
    a e d (T)
    n ea S th a on ua , a e on on a a s an . ou

    w t by es t h g t f f rtr of H l A l o tra t on T u g i l d ( H ) T i
    - -
    s ou a e o o es s u e . s c n us s an —
    u
    H t i h l d l rd
    aa e o, an o .

    H g t
    un g T r d t w rd T g t b u [ h g t r d t w rd ; T g T o g
    a on a. u ne o a s on a a un a, u ne o a s on a, n a.
    t b i l d ] A i l d f w t r v l i h i lyi g r th w t f T g
    a u s an . n s an o es e n o ca n c c a n, n no es o on

    t b il d
    a a u s an .

    H t u an S i g f , m r y i w u n [n th T g or t f i g f m r cy ; t
    e c n ar u, e on an ac o su n or e a u,

    w ] Tr t
    ar r F i vill g ac T g ta b i l d ( T ) V h i l d l rd
    n ea ou a e on on a u s an -
    a a an o

    R fr h i g h d of th c h t t tr e [ ifi h t t tr ( l p
    .
    , , ,

    “ " “ "
    lfih l o o. e es n s a e e es n u e , c e s nu ee n o c ar us

    d li ) ; h l r e fr h i g ] Tr c t r K k p l u vill g
    _

    e u s o o, es T g t bu n .
    a n ea ano u o , a e on on a a

    i l d ( T ) A l tr t i N i f vill g
    s an . V v i l d ( V)
    so ac n e a u, a e on a au s an .

    I i Th
    , p i e ti f h
    a n g r Tra c t or r T k
    s en s a vill g e on V a va uon o un e ,
    n ea ua n u u, a

    i l d ( V ) M l p l d l rd
    s an —
    a u o, an o .

    Ik k l a R d fi h [ ik
    u a ,
    fi h; k l e ed ] Tr t s N i u fo u i l d ( NF )
    a, s u a, r . ac on a o s an .

    Ik l h i L r g
    a a fi h [ ik
    . fi h ; l h i l rg ]
    a e Tr t s r Ui h vill g a,Ul b s a , a e . ac n ea a, a e on a

    i l d ( H ) M l p l d l r d A l tr a t
    s an —
    r M t a i k vill g on V v u
    a u o, an o . so c nea a a, a e a a

    i l d (V)
    s an ,

    lk p a gi pon gi M r i g fi h [ i k on fi h; p . gi p gi m r i g ]
    o n n Tr t r N k s a, s on on , o n n .
    ac n ea u u

    k u vill g
    nu o , T g t bu i l a d (T) T i V k
    e n l d l rd A l tr t on a a s an —
    u a a n o, an o ,
    so ac

    r N k h i t l vill g
    n ea u T g t b
    u i l d ( T ) Tr t
    u u, r Ulb vill g a e on on a a u s an . ac n ea a, a e

    on Ul b i l d ( H ) M l p l d l r d A l o tr t
    a s an r Ut i vill g —
    a u o, an o . s ac n ea u , a e on

    V v i l d ( V ) A h om
    a au l an d l r d Al tr t
    s an r M t a i k vill g
    —
    ee , o .
    so ac n ea a a, a e on

    V v i la d (V )
    a au s n ,

    Il a . A m k a p t thar b dy O ,
    f th tw sr k a t p l c ca ll ed
    o on e o . ne o e o oc s a a e

    P l l f i
    a a a a, th l g f T g ta bn i l d ( T ) Th t h r r k i
    e a oon ll d o on a u s an . e o e oc s ca e

    H v M yt h l g y t t t h a t t h y w r
    a a . o otw o w m wh w r tr
    s a es e e e on c e o en o e e ans

    f rm d i t
    o t e e n o s on s .

    I t pi
    o o Ut p i Tr t i N k l of v ill g
    a . o a To g t b
    . i l d (T)
    ac n u ua a, a e on n a a u s an .

    I il l i
    s e B ibli . l m l l Tr a t o M g ca na i l d (H) k s ra e . c n ou n a on e s an .

    l i p it
    s E gy p t
    e. Tr t r vill g o T g t b i l d ( T )
    , ac s a r K l va i
    n ea a es n on a a u s an : ne o o
    —
    At l d l r d M ta f
    a, an T i V k o l d l rd F t i a d H t i h T i
    o ,
    a o n ua — u a an , an o , a a ,
    n aa e o— u

    H t i h l d l rd
    aa e o, an o .

    It ita g Di p l
    on r e w it h th e m g r v tr
    o . s [ it
    ea s ud i pl r ; i w it h ; t g an o e e es a, s ea s u e , on o,
    m gr v an o Tr t
    e r N k h i t l vill g T g t b i l d ac n ea u u u u, a e on on a a u s an

    ( T) .

    It l i A g ry li r [ it
    a o . n g r ; l i li r ] Tra t n r M t h vill g o N i u
    a a, an e o , a . c ea a aa o, a e n a
    t oou i l d ( NF ) s an .

    li i Ed
    en . T w o tr t i N k l f v ill g
    en . T g t b i l d ( T ) Al
    ac s n u ua o a , a e on on a a u s an . so

    tr t ac Ni f i l a d ( NF ) F i t l d l r d
    on u a oou s n —
    us ua , an o .

    I i I
    u . th n i t [ i i ; i th e m f o k i d o f c c t ] Tr c t o
    e u c oc on u , n u , na e o ne n o on u . a n

    N i a foo i l d ( NF ) F tofi l i l
    u u d l rd
    s an —
    o , an o ,

    K f A fi h rm
    a ao , tt r t h i w rd w h
    s e h rk i c an gh t u i g t h t th
    e s s o en a s a s au , as a s n a e
    s h rk i r a d y to b k ill d
    s Tr t ea r K l m i l vill g e E ei l d (T) e , ac n ea o o a e, a on ua s an .

    K f k l
    a a A c
    a a. t f h i f Tr t r K t go v ill g
    c o on u T g t b
    or c il d e s . ac n ea o on , a e on on a a u s an

    ( T ) N k u l a d l rd
    —
    Al u tr t a r P an g i v ill g e on L i f k i l d ( H )
    ,
    n o . so ac ne a , a u a s an .
    1 10 B er n ic e P . B is hop M us eu m— B ull etin
    K lli m
    a a. To ea t s e a w e e d [ k a i, to ea t; Ii m u , s e a w ee d ] Tr c t n r H l v e v il
    . a ea o e ,

    l g a e on K l o oa is l and ( V) , Al so tr t ac n e ar T ua n ek iv l vill a g e n V a v au i l a d
    a e, o s n

    (V ) .

    K a i l im u uta . In l and K a i l i mu [ uta , i l n and ] ,


    Tr c t a n ea r T u a n ek iv l a e, vill g e a on
    Va va i l u s and (V) .

    K a i l otu , To eat a n d p a r y
    [ k a i, to e a t ; Iot u, to p r y]a .
    Tr c t a n ea r V a p oa , i v i ll a g e
    on i t op t a p i l
    N ua l l r u u s a n d ( NT ) M a a tu a n d o d —
    , .

    K i m i Th c ll
    a a . r e fi hi g [ k i t e t; m l t
    a o f th e fi s h e ma n w h en ou t s n a , o a a , o,

    t ow a rd ] Tr c t e r H l p k a vill g e on L i f k i l d ( H ) T i A fi t
    s . a n a o o e , a u a s an — u u,

    l n d l rd
    a o ,

    K i m fi i To ea t h r i m p
    a o s[k i t
    , t ; m fi i th h r i mp ] Tr a c t n e r Hi hi f
    s s a , o ea o s , e s .
    a o,

    vill ge o L i f k a i l d ( H )
    a n u s an ,

    K i g f
    a n A w r l tiv
    a oo u [ k i g a r l tiv e ; f
    . w] Tr c t o Ni a f ou
    ne e a e a n a, e a oo u, n e . a n u o

    i l d ( NF ) F i t l d l ord
    R l ti v w h a e h rt f f od t ff [ k i g r l a tiv ; h g
    —
    s an us ua , an .

    K i g h
    a n g a on e ,
    e a es o r s o o o -
    s u a n a, e e on o,

    r ity f f d ] Tr t e r T
    s ca c k iv l
    o vill g ooV v i l d ( V) . ac n a uan e a e, a e on a au s an .

    K i g l
    a n C m p l t ed r l ti
    a av a [k i g ,
    l ti ; l o c mp l e t d ] S i d of
    e e a on a n a, re a on av a, o e . a a

    pl
    c ou it d i m rri g Tr t
    e un r F l h vill g o T o ga t b u i l an d
    e n a a e . ac n ea o a a, a e n n a s

    ( T) .

    K a i n ga m a s iv a ,
    P oo r r l ti e a on s [ ka i n ga , r l ti
    e a ; on ma s i va, p oo r] , Tr a ct n ea r
    K l g vill g T on ga ta b u i l s a nd ( T) — Nuk u , l a n d or d l
    Rl
    o on a, a e on .

    K a i n ga m o m u a i gh l
    . tt d t [ k i g r l t d
    e a ed t w ith a mua or h -
    c ass a en an a n a, e a e

    m w it h ;
    o, m h i gh l tt d t m t p l ]
    ua , Tr t i P g i a c ass
    -
    a en an or a a u e . ac n an a ,

    vill g o L i f k i l d ( H ) Th p r em i
    a e n f th u m t p l a M g to g
    s an , e s es o e a a u e ou n a n a ,

    K i h
    a o The f o d,
    f tr v ll e r o v y g r [k i f d;
    oo h th e f
    o d f tr a v ll e r
    a e s r o a e s a , oo o o, oo o e s

    or v y g r ] Tr c t o a r T k m l l v ill g
    e s . To g t b i l an d ( T )
    a n ea o o o o o, a e on n a a u s

    M f l d l rd
    a a u, an o .

    K ip
    a h l ea E ti g b t w e a ry [ k i to t ; p b t ; h l w a ry ] Tr t n ea r
    . a n u ea a , ea e a, u e a, e , ac

    P g i vill g
    an a P ,g im t i l d (V) a e on an a o u s an .

    K ip d; h l to c t ] Tr a c t r
    ’

    a h l ea T t d t c t [ k i to
    e e . t; p
    o ea an o u a , ea ea , a n e e, u ,
    n ea

    K p vill g
    a a, K p i l d ( V ) Al o tr t a e r P g i ill g o P g i
    on a a s an . s ac n ea an a ,
    v a e n an a

    m t i l d ( V)
    o u s an ,

    K ip
    a t l To
    ea a a t d t ll [ k i to
    . t; p d; t lea t t ll ] Tra t
    an r e a , ea ea , an a a, o e , c n ea

    L g t em vill g e
    on o T g t b i l d ( T ) V ik
    e, a l d l r d A l tr t on on a a u s an — e un e , an o , so ac

    r P g i vill g o P g i m tu i l d ( V )
    n ea an a ,
    a e n an a o
    ’

    s an .

    K ip t p i T
    a ea e e t d th w lk [ k i t o t; p d ; t pi t w lk ]
    a an Tr c t en a a , o ea ea , a n e , o a . a
    n ear N k k vill ge o To g t b i l d ( T ) T i V k
    u un u u, l d l rd a n n a a u s an —
    u a a n o, an o ,

    K ip T
    a o t
    ,
    th lyo ea Tra t r U i h vill g on Uih i l d ( H ) M l p o
    e s , c n ea a, a e on a s an —
    a u ,

    l d l rd
    an o .

    K i p l il
    a oT t h id d o. f d th ly [ k i p
    o ea to t th e l y ; lil h id d
    en ] oo on e s a o, ea on s o, en ,

    Tra t c r T k i vill g n ea T g t b i l d ( T) M t p k l d lo d
    ee u, a e on on a a u s an —
    o ua ua a, an r .

    K ip
    a gi l on gi T e t i th e m r i g
    on Tr t e r P g i vill g e
    . o a L if k a n o n n , ac n a an a , a on u

    i l d (H)
    s an Al tr t n r F a l v i vill g . K p i l d (V ) F k t l l
    so ac ea e a ,
    a e on a a s an —
    a a u o o,

    l d l r d A l tr t i N i f vill g
    an o . V v i l d (V )
    so ac n e a u, a e on a au s an .

    K ip
    a gi p on gi T t i th
    on m r i g [k i t , t; p gip o eagi m r i g ] Tr c t
    n e o n n a , o ea on on , o n n . a

    i N k
    n l f v ill g
    u T
    ua o a, g t b i l d (T) a e on on a a u s an .

    K i ik To t w h il itti g o l [ k i t ; i k i to s i t th he l ]
    ’
    a s e. h ea e s n n on e s ee s a , ea s , on e e s .

    Tr c t a r P t an i vill g n ea Ni a f u i l d ( NF )
    e , a e on u oo s an ,

    K it t l
    a ae a a T t wit h t t elli g [ k i t
    ,
    o t; t eaw it h t ; t l t t ll ] ou n a , o ea a e, ou a a, o e ,

    Tr t ac H f i l d ( PU T uh t k l d l r d
    on a a ev a s an —
    u e o a, an o ,

    K it t t
    a T
    ea a a . t w it h t c l ri g w y th l vi g [ k i to t ; t w it h u t ;
    o ea ou ea n a a e ea n s a , ea a e, o
    t t a a,t c ll t p ] Tr c t
    o r Hi h i f vill g
    o ec Lif k a i l
    u d (H) . a n ea o, a e on u s an .

    K it t
    a ae a uU w rt h y f d [ k i f d ; t t
    . n u w rt h y ]
    o Tr t H feva oo a , oo a e a u, n o . ac on aa

    i l d ( H ) T h t k l a d l or d
    s an —
    uu e o a, n ,
    Gi ffor d —
    Ton gan Pla c e Na mes 1 11

    Ka ita n gi . To ea t wh il e c ryi g n [ k a i, to e at ; ta n g i , to cr y ] . T ra t c in Nu k u
    l
    a oi a , v i ll ge a on Ton ga ta b u i s l and ( T) ,

    Ka ita u h a la To t hi g t th w r g a s o
    . ea t s om e n a e on se n [ k a i, to ea t ; t a u, s ea s on
    l r
    h a a , w on g ] T t n r M t aa h vill g Ni . ra c ea a o, a e on u a foou is l an d ( NF ) ,

    K ita l T
    ava e t a yt h i g d e v ry t h i g [ k i to
    , o ea n n an e n a , ea t ; t a v a l e , to e a t a n ythi ng
    d e v e ryt h i g ]
    an Tr t Ni f i l d ( NF ) n . ac on u a oou s an —
    F o tofi l i , l rd l and o .

    K i m t
    a ua a T b c m d g r d ll y fo th
    a e , o e on s u e a ua r e s ec on d ti m e b y d th ea [ k a i, to
    co m g r d ll y ;
    nsu e o d ; e f; m t d ea t h ]
    a ua ua , s c n a, o a e, ,
    Tr c t o Ni f a n u a oou i sl an d

    ( NF ) T it l d l rd -
    u a, an o ,
    9

    Ka i ut u , To eat th e u tu fi sh [ k a i, to e at ; ut u, a fi sh ] . Tra c t n ea r T a fe u n i , v il
    l g a e on Va va u is l an d (V ) .

    K a ka. D ec e it , p er fi d y, i mp os iti on . T r t
    ac n ea r H oum a, vill ge a on Ton ga ta b u
    i l s and ( T) —
    V a ea , l an d o l rd ,

    K a k a fa n gai. Th e
    '

    na me of a tr ee Tra t
    . c nea r K l g vill g
    o on a, a e on T on ga ta b u
    i l s and ( T ) — Nuk u , l a nd l rd o ,
    A l o tr a t s c n ea r H a a i i vill g s n ,
    a e on T on ga ta b u
    i l s an d ( ) T .

    K a ka l a ,
    An y a nd e v e ry s we e t fl ow e r Tr c t
    . a n ea r T efi s i , vill g a e on Va v au i l s a nd

    (V) ~ —
    l rd
    L u a ni , l and o ,

    K k t k i To p r v r e
    a a a . Tra c t o M ga o i s l a d ( H )e se e . n oun ne n ,

    K k t
    a a uuua Tw p r c h i g p rr t , [k k p rr t ( P l ty
    o u t b
    e i ) ; t n a o s a a, a o a c er s a u en s s u u,

    to t d; s an tw o ] Tr t e r F a l va i vill a g e
    ua , K ap a i l d (V ) F k
    . ac n a e , on s an —
    a a

    t l lu o o, l d l or d an ,

    K k a t
    au au m i S w i m m r r c h i g th e h r e [ k k u t s w i m ; t um i t a
    -
    a ,
    e s ea n s o a a , o a a , o r

    riv to l
    e, d] P la ce o K p i l d (V)
    an . n a a s an .

    K ki l
    a P r b bly k k
    o a. l to r t r o tri m p h t Tr t e r F l h vill g o
    a a eo a, e u n u an . ac n a a e au, a e n

    N i t p t p u i l an d ( NT )
    ua o u a s .

    K l a aau Ol d p p l e d yi g h r d [ k l
    , t di eo h rd ; ld p pl ] Vill g n n a a a, o e a a u, o eo e . a e o

    T g t b
    on i l a a d ( T) A l o tr c t o
    u Kot i l d ( H ) Al tr a t
    s an r M . s a n u s an , so c n ea a

    t a i k vill a g a, V va i l a d (V ) e on a u s n .

    K l a ae Th ,
    g lli l ( P rp h yri e i ti e i ) a T t r T
    nu e ku vill g o o o v ns s , rac n ea ua n u , a e n

    V v i l d ( V ) Ul k l l l d l r d A l tr c t
    a au s an Ni f —
    i l d ( NF ) u a a a, an o . so a on u a oou s an .

    K l k N m f a tre Tr t
    a a a , a r Ut i vill a g
    e o V av i l d ( V ) V ei e . ac n ea u , e on au s an —

    k un e , l d l rd an o ,

    K l m ih i N m
    a a of ,
    m ll r b Tr c t
    a r T
    e k iv l vill g a V v s a c a . a n ea ua n e a e, a e on a au

    i l d (V)
    s an .

    K l a ao Tr t . r M t i k vill a g ac V av n ea i l d (V ) a a a, e on au s an ,

    K l p e T d i h rd l [k l h rd ; p l ] l o i d to b th e
    “ '

    a a . o t di e a a on e a a, o e a e , a on e , a s sa e

    na m f Fiji vill g Tr c t
    e o a r L p h vill g an T g t b i l d a e . a n ea a a a, a e on on a a u s an

    ( T ) P gi —
    l d l rd A l tr t n e r T l i vill ge o T g t b u i l n d
    an a, an o , so ac a a a s u, a n on a a s a

    ( T) T i L k p —
    l dl d u a e a, an or ,

    K l a au N m . f i a t I l d ( T ) S t h f E i l d A l tr t ar
    e o an n s ec . s an . ou o ua s an . so ac ne

    Oh vill g
    on u a , E i l d ( T ) A l tr c t a r H m vill ge
    e on To g
    ua s an . so a n ea ou a, a on n a

    t b i l d (T) V
    a u s an l d l rd A l tr t r U ih vill g
    —
    Uih i l d
    a ea , an o . so ac n ea a, a e on a s an

    (H) M l p —
    l d l rd Al i l d ( V ) A l o tr c t
    a u o, an H g i l d (V) o . so s an ,
    s a on un a s an

    F li u i l d l rd
    va Al , tr t r T
    an ill g
    o V v i l d (V)
    . so ac n ea a oa , v a e on a au s an .

    K l T
    a e . f t Tr a t
    o run Ni f i l d ( NF ) F tofi l i l d l r d
    as , c on ua oou s an
    —
    o , an o .

    K l l
    a ea a. T f t d t h [k l
    o t
    r un fa t ; l t t h ] Tra c t e r
    as an ou c a o, o r un s a a, o ou c . n a
    Ut l i ill g o P g i m t i l d ( V )
    u e , v a e n an a o u s an ,

    K l if
    a i on aA r f ff Hi h i f d i tri t T
    .
    g t bee i l d ( T ) wh r o th r m t d o s c , on a a u s an , e e a e e- as e

    sh i p fr m C li f r i ow wr k d A l tr t a r M a l p ill g
    o n a T g as ec e . so ac n ea a o, v a e on on a

    t b i l d ( T ) L i l d l rd
    a u s an —
    ua n , an o .

    K l il k
    a e S h rt w o d e h
    a . d r t [ k li w d h d r t ; l k h rt ] T c t
    o o n ea es a , oo en ea es e a, s o . ra
    on H g a i l d ( V ) F l i i l d l or d
    un s an —
    u va ,
    an .
    1 12 B er n ice P . B is hop M a s el i i m - — B u ll etin
    Ka ljp a ,
    Fir t q a rt r
    s u e of th e m oon . Tr c t a n ea r Ne i a fu , vill ge a on Va va u is l a nd

    (V)
    l gm fr mt h t h r t w i t h f r c [ k to f r c p hl gm from
    .

    K li i j t
    '

    a s . To e ec ph e o e oa o e a, o e e

    th e t h r oa t ; Ii
    t h r w w it h f r c ] Tr c t a r T fi s i vill g o V a v a u
    s l , to o o e . a ne e ,
    a e n

    i l s an d (V) Lu i l d l or d —
    an , an .

    K l af T o a v oi d d g r by t ri g th p r y [ k l
    n t ev id d g r ; en e n e oc ean s a o a o an e
    a o u.
    a a o,

    a f th u, pr y m i t f th
    e s wha br k i g p th r k ] O e f tw
    or s o e s ea en ea n u on e oc s . n o o

    r k oc t f Hi h i f d i tri t T g t b u i l d ( T ) T h ot h r ck i s
    s on c oa s o o s c , on a a s an . e e ro

    T hi
    eu Th me K l f
    e .
    pp e t r f r t th fl eei g o f tw p p l
    na a oa u a ea r s o e e o e n o eo e,

    K l f a d T
    a oa u hi fr m p r
    n i g l T h y fl d i t th
    eu e, o a d b am a u su n ee . e e n o e s ea n ec e

    r k oc s .

    K l l
    a oa e v a Wh th e w i d d , s t hen g e i t p it i f r m ti m n Tr c t oe no c an s os on o so e e . a

    r T k m l l vill g i l d ( T ) M f l d l rd
    '

    n ea o T
    o g t b o o o, a e on on a a u s an —
    a a u, an o .

    K l
    a o u. To v ci f r t Tr t r V it g vill g
    o e a e T .g t b i l d ( T)
    ac n ea e on o, a e on on a a u s an

    K l To cut o c l
    a u , o ff ll xcr c c r d d irt ea nTr c t r Uih ill g a e es en e an . a n ea a, v a e on

    Ui h a i l a d ( H ) M l p o l s n d l rd —
    a u ,
    an o .

    K m t Th t a ti g of y fo d Tr t
    a a a , e s r V ip o vill g e
    n Ni t p t p
    an o ,
    ac n ea a a, a on ua o u a u

    i l an d ( NT ) M tu l d l or d
    s —
    aa , an .

    K m
    a A lt h o g h a tt
    ea. d i g to [ k lth gh ; m t tt d t
    u en Tr t i
    n d a, a ou ea, o a en o ac s n an

    n ea r F m t vill g ua a T g t bu i l
    o u, d ( T) T g i l d l r d Al tr c t
    a e on on a a s an —
    un , an o . so a

    on Ni f i l d ( NF )
    ua o ou s an .

    K a na a h D y f clo i g
    ,
    bbi g c
    a o w it h th e ft
    ea n n t k fo d orn ru n a n oes so s on e an a un o

    th e e h r [k
    s as ft to e th h r
    a na , d f r bbi g c e ;
    a so s on e on e s ea s o e, use or u n an o s

    a h d y]
    o, Tr t ar V i i vill g o T g t b u i l d ( T ) M aa f l d
    . ac n ea a n , a e n on a a s an —
    u, an

    l or d .

    K k
    a na E t

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