Fire Investigator Chapter 5

CERTIFICATION
CURRICULUM
MANUAL
CHAPTER FIVE
FIRE INVESTIGATOR
NFPA 1033, 2014 Edition
Effective January 1, 2015

Revised January 30, 2018
Texas Commission on Fire Protection

P.O. Box 2286 Austin, Texas 78768-2286 (512) 936-3838
TEXAS COMMISSION ON FIRE PROTECTION CERTIFICATION CURRICULUM MANUAL
CHAPTER 5 FIRE INVESTIGATOR
REFERENCE LIST FOR THE

FIRE INVESTIGATOR CURRICULUM
This Reference List is provided as a general guide for both instructors and
students to locate information pertaining to the specific objectives in the TCFP
Curriculum. This list is not all-inclusive and does not in any way limit TCFP
development and use of questions to test the objectives of the curriculum.
Required References
Certification Curriculum Manual. Austin, TX: Texas Commission on Fire

Protection.
Emergency Response Guidebook, (Current ed.) U.S. Department of

Transportation Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of
Hazardous Materials Initiatives and Training.
Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement (8th ed.) (2016). Stillwater, OK: Fire
Protection Publications. International Fire Service Training Association.
Fire Investigator (2nd ed.) (2010). Stillwater OK: Fire Protection Publications.
International Fire Service Training Association (IFSTA).
Fire Investigator: Principles and Practice ( 4th ed.) (2016). Burlington, MA: Jones
and Bartlett Learning.
Icove, David J., Kirk's Fire Investigation, (8th ed.) (2018). New York, NY: Pearson
Education, Inc.
NFPA 921: Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations (2017 ed.) Quincy, MA:
National Fire Protection Association. NFPA Publications.
NFPA 1033: Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator (2014
ed.) Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association. NFPA Publications.
Standards Manual for Fire Protection Personnel. Austin, TX: Texas Commission
on Fire Protection.
Recommended References
The most current edition of the following publications and media are
recommended (not required) supplemental material for program use.
ASTM E620 Standard Practice for Reporting Opinions of Scientific or Technical

Experts (current ed.)
FIRE INVESTIGATOR REFERENCE LIST EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

1 REVISED JANUARY 30, 2018
ASTM E678 Standard Practice for Evaluation of Scientific or Technical Data

(current ed.)
ASTM E860 Standard Practice for Examining and Preparing Items That Are Or
May Become Involved in Criminal or Civil Litigation (current ed.)
ASTM E1020 Standard Practice for Reporting Incidents that May Involve
Criminal or Civil Litigation (current ed.)
ASTM E1188 Standard Practice for Collection and Preservation of Information

and Physical Items by a Technical Investigator (current ed.)
ASTM E1459 Standard Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related
Documentation (current ed.)
ASTM E1492 Standard Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and

Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory (current ed.)
Building Construction Related to the Fire Service (4th ed.) (2016). Stillwater, OK:
Fire Protection Publications. International Fire Service Training Association.
Cole, Lee S., Investigation of Motor Vehicles, (current ed.). Lee Books.
Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide for Law Enforcement (current ed.). Largo,
FL: National Forensic Science Technology Center. (On 1/30/18 this
publication was available online at
https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/forensics/Crime-Scene-
Investigation.pdf)
Evidence Collection & Submission Handbook, (current ed.). Texas Department of

Insurance: State Fire Marshal’s Office. Forensic Arson Laboratory. (On
1/30/18 this publication was available online at
http://www.tdi.texas.gov/fire/documents/fmlabguideline.pdf )
Fire and Arson Scene Evidence: A Guide for Public Safety Personnel, (current
ed.). Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.
(On 1/30/18 this publication was available online at
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/181584.pdf )
Fire Protection, Detection, and Suppression Systems (5th ed.)(2016). Stillwater,

OK: Fire Protection Publications. International Fire Service Training
Association (IFSTA).
Fire Protection Handbook (current ed.). National Fire Protection Association.

Fires in Texas, Annual Fire Statistics report (current ed.) Texas State Fire
Marshals Office. Department of Insurance, TEXFIRS section. A link to the
report can be found on their website: www.tdi.texas.gov/fire/
Guide to Wildland Fire Origin and Cause Determination (PMS 412)(current ed.),
National Wildfire Coordinating Group. (On 1/30/18 this publication was
available online at
https://www.nwcg.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pms412.pdf)
Icove, David J., DeHaan, John D, and Haynes, Gerald A., Forensic Fire Scene
Reconstruction, (current ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Brady/Prentice Hall.
Munday, James W., Safety at Scenes of Fire and Related Incidents (current ed.).
London: The Fire Protection Association.
NFPA 170: Standard for Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols (current ed.)
Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association. NFPA Publications.
NFPA 472: Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous

Materials Incidents (current ed.). Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection
Association. NFPA Publications.
NFPA 556: Guide on Methods for Evaluating Fire Hazard to Occupants of

Passenger Road Vehicles (current ed.) Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection
NFPA 1037: Standard on Fire Marshal Professional Qualifications (current ed.).

Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association. NFPA Publications.
NFPA 1730: Standard on Organization and Deployment of Fire Prevention

Inspection and Code Enforcement, Plan Review, Investigation, and Public
Education Operations (current ed.). Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection
NIJ Research Report: Death Investigation: A Guide for the Scene Investigator
(current ed.). US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National
Institute of Justice. (On 1/30/18 this publication was available online at
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/234457.pdf)
Passenger Vehicle Identification Manual (current ed.) National Insurance Crime

Bureau, 1111 E. Touhy Avenue, Suite 400, Des Plaines, IL 60018-2805.
Physical Evidence Handbook (current ed.). Texas Department of Public Safety.

(On 1/30/18 this publication was available online at
https://www.dps.texas.gov/CrimeLaboratory/documents/PEHmanual.pdf)

Pocket Guide to Fire and Arson Investigation (P7923) (current ed.). Factory
Mutual Global.
Rules of Criminal Evidence, latest edition. (On 1/30/18, this information was
available online at http://www.txcourts.gov/rules-forms/rules-standards.aspx).
Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward, (current

ed.) (Committee on Identifying the Needs for the Forensic Sciences
Community. National Research Council. (On 1/30/18 this publication was
available online at https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/228091.pdf )
Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, latest edition. (On 1/30/18, this information
was available online at http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/).
Texas Family Code, current ed. (On 1/30/18, this information was available
online at http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/).
Texas Insurance Code, current ed. (On 1/30/18, this information was available
online at http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/).
Texas Penal Code, current ed. (On 1/30/18, this information was available online
at http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/).
Texas Public Information Act Handbook, current ed. (On 1/30/18, this information
was available online at
http://www.oag.state.tx.us/AG_publications/pdfs/publicinfo_hb.pdf. It is
available through the Texas Attorney General’s office.)
United States Constitution. (On 1/30/18, this information was available online at
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters.html).

CHAPTER FIVE
FIRE INVESTIGATOR
COURSE OUTLINE
RECOMMENDED
SECTION SUBJECT
HOURS
501-1 Commission on Fire Protection Rules and 2

Regulations
501-2 NFPA 1033 - Administration
501-3 Definitions
501-4 Basic Methodology 2
501-5 Basic Fire Science 8
501-6 Fire Patterns 12
501-7 Building Systems 2
501-8 Fire Protection Systems 2
501-9 Electricity and Fire 8
501-10 Building Fuel Gas Systems 4
501-11 Fire-Related Human Behavior 2
501-12 Legal Considerations 8
501-13 Safety 4
501-14 Sources of Information 6
501-15 Planning the Investigation 2
501-16 Documentation of the Investigation 8
501-17 Physical Evidence 8
501-18 Origin Determination 8
501-19 Fire Cause Determination 3
501-20 Classification of Fire Cause 1
501-21 Analyzing the Incident for Cause and 4
Responsibility
501-22 Failure Analysis and Analytical Tools 4
501-23 Explosions 4
501-24 Incendiary Fires 8
501-25 Fire and Explosion Deaths and Injuries 4
501-26 Appliances 2
501-27 Motor Vehicle Fires 8
501-28 Wildfire Investigations 8
501-29 Management of Complex Investigations 2
501-30 Marine Fire Investigations 2
501-31 Practical Exercises 24
TOTAL HOURS RECOMMENDED 160
* The recommended hours includes time for skills evaluation and is based on 12 students.
Actual hours needed will depend on the number of students, the number of examiners,
availability of equipment, and the student skill level.
FIRE INVESTIGATOR OUTLINE EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

PAGE I REVISED JANUARY 30, 2018
CHAPTER FIVE
FIRE INVESTIGATOR
COURSE PHASE OUTLINE
SECTION SUBJECT RECOMMENDED HOURS

FIRE INVESTIGATOR I – PHASE I
501-2 NFPA 1033 – Administration/Definitions 2
501-4 Basic Methodology 2
501-15 Planning the Investigation 2
501-13 Safety 4
501-5 Basic Fire Science 8
501-6 Fire Patterns 12
501-18 Origin Determination 8
501-16 Documentation of the Investigation 8
501-17 Physical Evidence 8
Total Recommended Hours 54
FIRE INVESTIGATOR II – PHASE II
501-14 Sources of Information 6
501-7 Building Systems 2
501-12 Legal Considerations 8
501-10 Building Fuel Gas Systems 4
501-19 Fire Cause Determination 3
501-20 Classification of Fire Cause 1
501-11 Fire-Related Human Behavior 2
501-23 Explosions 4
501-25 Fire and Explosion Deaths and Injuries 4
501-9 Electricity and Fire 8
501-24 Incendiary Fires 8
501-21 Analyzing the Incident for Cause and 4
Responsibility
501-26 Appliances 2
COMPLETER – PHASE III
501-8 Fire Protection Systems 2
501-27 Motor Vehicle Fires 8
501-30 Marine Fire Investigations 2
501-28 Wildfire Investigations 8
501-29 Management of Complex Investigations 2
501-22 Failure Analysis and Analytical Tools 4
501-31 Practical Exercises* 24
TOTAL HOURS RECOMMENDED 160
*The recommended number of hours includes time for skills evaluation and is based on 12 students.
Actual hours needed will depend on the number of students, the number of examiners, availability of
equipment, and the student skill level.
FIRE INVESTIGATOR PHASE OUTLINE EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

PAGE 1 REVISED JANUARY 30, 2018
NFPA 1033 MATRIX
2014 LOCATION IN CURRICULUM SKILL

Objective
4.1 GENERAL
4.1.1 1 None
4.1.2 4 None
4.1.3 13, 15, 27 None
4.1.4 14, 15 None
4.1.5 12 None
4.1.6 15, 29 None
4.2 SCENE EXAMINATION
4.2.1 15, 17 1
4.2.2 13, 18 2, 26
4.2.3 18, 3
4.2.4 5, 6, 27 4, 5
4.2.5 5, 6, 7, 27 5
4.2.6 5, 17, 20, 27 6
4.2.7 6 7
4.2.8 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 26 8
4.2.9 23 6
4.3 DOCUMENTING THE SCENE
4.3.1 16, 17 9
4.3.2 16 10
4.3.3 12, 16 11
4.4 EVIDENCE COLLECTION/PRESERVATION
4.4.1 11, 17, 25 12
4.4.2 12, 17 12
4.4.3 14, 17 12
4.4.4 12, 17 13
4.4.5 17 14
4.5 INTERVIEW
4.5.1 14 15
4.5.2 14 16
4.5.3 14 17
4.6 POST-INCIDENT INVESTIGATION
4.6.1 14, 16, 21, 22 18
4.6.2 16, 21, 22 19
4.6.3 12, 14, 15, 21, 22 20
4.6.4 11, 21, 22, 24 21
4.6.5 11, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24 22
4.7 PRESENTATIONS
4.7.1 16, 31 23
4.7.2 31 24
4.7.3 12, 31 25
Annex A EXPLANATORY MATERIAL
A.1.1 27, 28, 30
FIRE INVESTIGATOR PAGE 1 EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

Course Instructor Information
Fire Investigator
Overview
The Fire Investigator curriculum is designed to provide clear guidance that
ensures adequate presentation of the information required to meet the Job
Performance Requirements (JPRs) of National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA) 1033, Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator, 2014
edition.
The Fire Investigator curriculum is Chapter 5 of the Texas Commission on Fire

Protection (TCFP) Curriculum Manual.
Certification Level TCFP Chapter Number NFPA 1033 Chapter

Fire Investigator 5 4
Layout
The NFPA numbering sequence is mirrored to allow easy correlation between
this document and the NFPA Standard. For example, 501-5.5.1 identifies the
section in Fire Investigator that corresponds to NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and
Explosion Investigation (2017 Edition) section 5.5.1.
TCFP Standards Manual

It is critical that the Course Instructor review the chapters in the TCFP Standards
Manual that apply to this curriculum. Of primary importance are the following
chapters: Chapter 421, Standards for Certification; Chapter 437, Fees; Chapter
431, Fire Investigator Certification; Chapter 439, Examinations for Certification;
Chapter 449.5, Certification as Head of a Prevention Only Department. These
chapters do not address every issue that could impact this curriculum; therefore,
the Course Instructor is encouraged to become familiar with the TCFP Standards
Manual.
Supplemental Information
Instructors are expected to provide supplemental information if the main
reference text does not provide adequate information to ensure successful
completion of the Job Performance Requirements as listed in the curriculum.
Components of the Curriculum

Each section of the curriculum identifies the NFPA JPR in NFPA 1033, Standard
for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator, 2014 Edition and knowledge
components in NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, 2017
Edition and subdivides them into learning components.
FIRE INVESTIGATOR COURSE INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

For example:
4.6 Post-Incident Investigation.

Duties shall include the investigation of all factors beyond the fire scene at the time of the origin
and cause determination.
NFPA 1033 4.6.5* Formulate an opinion concerning origin, cause, or responsibility for the fire,
given all investigative findings, so that the opinion regarding origin, cause, or responsibility for a
fire is supported by the data, facts, records, reports, documents, and evidence.
(A) Requisite Knowledge: Analytical methods and procedures (e.g., hypothesis development
and testing, systems analysis, time lines, link analysis, fault tree analysis, and data reduction
matrixing).
(B) Requisite Skills: Analytical and assimilation skills.
501-19.1 The Investigator candidate shall define fire cause and identify
fire cause factors.
19.1.1 Fire cause factors
19.1.2 First fuel ignited
19.1.3 Ignition source
19.1.4 Oxidant
19.1.5 Ignition sequence
501-19.2 The Investigator candidate shall utilize the scientific method

as the overall methodology.
19.1.1 Consideration of data
19.1.2 Sequence of activities
19.1.3 Point and area of origin
501-19.3 The Investigator candidate shall identify the data that needs to
be collected for fire cause determination.
Skills
NFPA’s “Requisite Skills” requirements are addressed in the corresponding Skill
Sheets and are based on the JPRs in National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA) 1033, Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator, 2014
edition.

Descriptions of Certification Levels
A Fire Investigator is an individual who has demonstrated the skills and

knowledge necessary to conduct, coordinate, and complete a fire investigation.

Fire Investigator
A Fire Investigator is an individual who has demonstrated the knowledge, skills

and abilities necessary to conduct, coordinate, and complete a fire investigation
employing all the elements of the scientific method as the operating analytical
process throughout the investigation. A Fire Investigator can competently
determine the origin and cause of a fire and has mastered all the job
performance requirements of NFPA 1033: Standard for Professional
Qualifications for Fire Investigator.
SECTION 1
COMMISSION ON FIRE PROTECTION
RULES AND REGULATIONS
4.1 General
NFPA 1033 4.1.1 The fire investigator shall meet the job performance requirements defined in
Sections 4.2 through 4.7.
501-1.1 The Investigator candidate shall describe the purpose of the

NFPA standard and guide applicable to Fire Investigators.
1.1.1 NFPA 1033 Standard for Professional Qualifications for

Fire Investigator, 2014 edition.
1.1.2 NFPA 921 Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations,

2017 edition.
501-1.2 The Investigator candidate shall identify rules applicable to the

Fire/Arson Investigator certification adopted by the Texas
Commission on Fire Protection.
1.2.1 The Investigator candidate shall identify the requirements

for certification as a Fire Investigator as stated in the
Standards Manual for Fire Protection Personnel, Chapter
431.
1.2.2 The Investigator candidate shall identify the requirements

for certification as an Arson Investigator as stated in the
Standards Manual for Fire Protection Personnel, Chapter
431.
Reprinted with permission from NFPA 1033, Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator, Copyright ©2013, National Fire
Protection Association, Quincy, MA 02169. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the National Fire
Protection Association on the referenced subject which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.

REVISED JANUARY 30, 2018
1.2.3 The Investigator candidate shall identify the various

levels of certification for Fire and/or Arson Investigator,
as stated in the Standards Manual for Fire Protection
Personnel, Chapter 431.
1.2.3.1 Basic
1.2.3.2 Intermediate
1.2.3.3 Advanced
1.2.3.4 Master

SECTION 2
NFPA 1033
NFPA 1033 1.1* Scope. This standard shall identify the professional level of job performance
requirements for fire investigators.
1.2* Purpose. The purpose of this standard shall be to specify the minimum job performance
requirements for serving as a fire investigator in both the private and public sectors.
1.2.1 It is not the intent of this standard to restrict any jurisdiction from exceeding the minimum
requirements.
1.2.2 Job performance requirements for each duty are the tasks an individual must be able to
perform in order to successfully carry out that duty; however, they are not intended to measure a
level of knowledge. Together, the duties and job performance requirements define the
parameters of the job of fire investigator.
1.3 General.
1.3.1 The fire investigator shall be at least age 18.
1.3.2 The fire investigator shall have a high school diploma or equivalent.
1.3.3 The authority having jurisdiction shall conduct a thorough background and character
investigation prior to accepting an individual as a candidate for certification as a fire investigator.
1.3.4 The job performance requirements for fire investigator shall be completed in accordance
with established practices and procedures or as they are defined by law or by the authority having
jurisdiction.
1.3.5* The job performance requirements found in this standard are not required to be mastered
in the order they appear. Training agencies or authorities shall establish instructional priority and
the training program content to prepare individuals to meet the job performance requirements of
this standard.
1.3.6* Evaluation of job performance requirements shall be by individuals who are qualified and
approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
1.3.7* The investigator shall have and maintain at a minimum an up-to-date basic knowledge of
the following topics beyond the high school level:
(1) Fire science
(2) Fire chemistry
(3) Thermodynamics
(4) Thermometry
(5) Fire dynamics
(6) Explosion dynamics
(7) Computer fire modeling
(8) Fire investigation
(9) Fire analysis
(10) Fire investigation methodology
(11) Fire investigation technology
(12) Hazardous materials
(13) Failure analysis and analytical tools
(14) Fire protection systems
(15) Evidence documentation, collection, and preservation
(16) Electricity and electrical systems
1.3.8* The fire investigator shall remain current in the topics listed in 1.3.7 by attending formal
education courses, workshops and seminars and/or through professional publications and
journals.

4.1.1* The fire investigator shall meet the job performance requirements defined
in Sections 4.2 through 4.7. (see below)
4.1.2* The fire investigator shall employ all elements of the scientific method as
the operating analytical process throughout the investigation and for the drawing
of conclusions.
4.1.3* Because fire investigators are required to perform activities in adverse

conditions, site safety assessments shall be completed on all scenes and
regional and national safety standards shall be followed and included in
organizational policies and procedures.
4.1.4* The fire investigator shall maintain necessary liaison with other interested
professionals and entities.
4.1.5* The fire investigator shall adhere to all applicable legal and regulatory
requirements.
4.1.6 The fire investigator shall understand the organization and operation of the
investigative team within an incident management system
28 Job Performance Requirements

1-Secure the fire ground (4.2.1)
2-Conduct an exterior survey (4.2.2)
3-Conduct an interior survey (4.2.3)
4-Interpret fire patterns (4.2.4)
5-Interpret and analyze fire patterns (4.2.5)
6-Examine and remove fire debris (4.2.6)
7-Reconstruct the area of origin (4.2.7)
8-Inspect the performance of building systems (4.2.8)
9-Discriminate the effects of explosions (4.2.9)
10-Diagram the Scene (4.3.1)
11-Photographically document the scene (4.3.2)
12-Construct investigative notes (4.3.3)
13-Utilize proper procedures for managing victims and fatalities (4.4.1)
14-Locate, document, collect, label, package, and store evidence (4.4.2)
15-Select evidence for analysis (4.4.3)
16-Maintain a chain of custody (4.4.4)
17-Dispose of evidence (4.4.5)
18-Develop an interview plan (4.5.1)
19-Conduct interviews (4.5.2)
20-Evaluate interview information (4.5.3)
21-Gather reports and records (4.6.1)
22-Evaluate the investigative file (4.6.2)

23-Coordinate expert resources (4.6.3)

24-Establish evidence as to motive and/or opportunity (4.6.4)
25-Formulate and opinion concerning origin, cause, or responsibility for
the fire (4.6.5)
26-Prepare a written report (4.7.1)
27-Express investigative findings verbally (4.7.2)
28-Testify during legal proceedings (4.7.3)

SECTION 3
DEFINITIONS
501-3.1 The Investigator candidate shall define the terms used in

Chapter 3 of NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion
Investigations (2017 Edition).

SECTION 4
BASIC METHODOLOGY
4.1 General
NFPA 1033 4.1.2 The fire investigator shall employ all elements of the scientific method as the
operating analytical process throughout the investigation and for the drawing of conclusions.
501-4.1 The Investigator candidate shall describe the nature of fire

investigations.
501-4.2 The Investigator candidate shall apply the principles of the

systematic approach of the scientific method.
501-4.3 The Investigator candidate shall describe the steps of the

scientific method relating to fire investigations.
4.3.1 Recognize the need
4.3.2 Define the problem
4.3.3 Collect data
4.3.4 Analyze the data
4.3.5 Developing a hypothesis (inductive reasoning)
4.3.6 Test the hypothesis (deductive reasoning)
4.3.7 Select Final Hypothesis
4.3.8 Avoid presumption
4.3.9 Expectation bias
4.3.10 Confirmation bias
501-4.4 The Investigator candidate shall describe the basic method of

fire investigation.
4.4.1 Receiving the assignment
4.4.2 Preparing for the investigation
4.4.3 Conducting the investigation


4.4.4 Collecting and preserving evidence
4.4.5 Analyzing the incident
4.4.6 Conclusions
501-4.5 The Investigator candidate shall properly distinguish between

the different levels of certainty.
4.5.1 Probable versus possible
4.5.2 Suspected
4.5.3 Expert opinions
501-4.6 The Investigator candidate shall develop “review procedures.”
4.6.1 Administrative review
4.6.2 Technical review
4.6.3 Peer review
501-4.7 The Investigator candidate shall describe different reporting

procedures.

SECTION 5
BASIC FIRE SCIENCE
4.2 Scene Examination.

Duties shall include inspecting and evaluating the fire scene, or evidence of the scene and/or
conducting a comprehensive review of documentation generated during the examination(s) of the
scene if the scene is no longer available, so as to determine the area or point of origin, source of
ignition, material(s) ignited, and act or activity that brought ignition source and materials together
and to assess the subsequent progression, extinguishment, and containment of the fire.
NFPA 1033 4.2.4 Interpret fire patterns, given standard equipment and tools and some structural
or content remains, so that each individual pattern is evaluated with respect to the burning
characteristics of the material involved and in context and relationship with all patterns observed
and the mechanisms of heat transfer that led to the formation of the pattern..
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Fire dynamics, fire development, and the interrelationship of heat
release rate, form, and ignitibility of materials.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to interpret the effects of burning characteristics on different types of
materials.
NFPA 1033 4.2.5 Interpret and analyze fire patterns, given standard equipment and tools and
some structural or content remains, so that fire development is determined, methods and effects
of suppression are evaluated, false origin area patterns are recognized, and all areas of origin are
correctly identified.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Fire behavior and spread based on fire chemistry, fire dynamics, and
physics, fire suppression effects, building construction.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to interpret variations of fire patterns on different materials with
consideration given to heat release rate, form, and ignitibility; distinguish impact of different types
of fuel loads; evaluate fuel trails; and analyze and synthesize information.
NFPA 1033 4.2.6 Examine and remove fire debris, given standard equipment and tools, so that
all debris is checked for fire cause evidence, potential ignition source(s) is identified, and
evidence is preserved without investigator-inflicted damage or contamination.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Basic understanding of ignition processes, characteristics of ignition
sources, and ease of ignition of fuels; debris-layering techniques; use of tools and equipment
during the debris search; types of fire cause evidence commonly found in various degrees of
damage; and evidence-gathering methods and documentation.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to employ search techniques that further the discovery of fire cause
evidence and ignition sources, use search techniques that incorporate documentation, and collect
and preserve evidence.
501-5.1 The Investigator candidate shall define and describe fire

science.
5.1.1 Fire and Energy
5.1.2 Energy

5.1.3 Power
5.1.4 Heat Flux
5.1.5 Identify and describe the elements of the fire tetrahedron.

5.1.5.1 Define fuel and describe the three states in
which fuel exists.
5.1.5.2 Describe the action of oxidizing agents.
5.1.5.3 Describe the relationship of heat in the
combustion process.
5.1.5.4 Describe the uninhibited chemical chain
reaction of combustion.
501-5.2 The Investigator candidate shall be able to discuss fire

chemistry as the study of chemical processes that occur in
fires, including changes of state, decomposition, and
combustion.
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 The Investigator candidate shall define and describe

phase changes and thermal decomposition.
5.2.3 The Investigator candidate shall describe combustion

reactions, premixed burning, diffusion flames, and
transactions from premixed burning to diffusion flame
burning.
501-5.3 The Investigator candidate shall identify and describe

products of combustion.
501-5.4 The Investigator candidate shall identify and describe fluid

flows generated by mechanical forces or by buoyant forces
generated by temperature differences.
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Buoyant flows
5.4.3 Fire plumes
5.4.4 Ceiling jets
5.4.5 Vent flows

501-5.5 The Investigator candidate shall define and describe methods

of heat transfer.
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Conduction, including Thermal Inertia
5.5.3 Convection
5.5.4 Radiation
5.5.5 Thermometry
5.5.5.1 Different systems
5.5.5.2 Empirical Temperature Scales
5.5.5.3 Thermodynamic (Absolute) Temperature
Scales
501-5.6 The Investigator candidate shall define and describe the fuel
load, fuel packages, and properties of flame.
5.6.1 Fuel load
5.6.2 Fuel items and fuel package
5.6.3 Heat release rate
5.6.4 Properties of flames
5.6.5 Thermal structure of a flame

5.6.5.1 Continuous Flaming Region
5.6.5.2 Intermittent Flame Region
5.6.5.3 Plume Region
5.6.6 Heat fluxes from flames

5.6.6.1 Heat fluxes from flames to contacted surfaces
5.6.6.2 Heat fluxes from flames to remote surfaces
501-5.7 The Investigator candidate shall describe the different forms

and mechanisms of ignition.
5.7.1 Ignition in general
5.7.2 Ignition of flammable gases

5.7.3 Ignition of liquids
5.7.4 Ignition of solids
501-5.8 The Investigator candidate shall describe the different flame

spreads and their characteristics.
5.8.1 General
5.8.1.1 Counterflow flame spread
5.8.1.2 Concurrent flame spread
5.8.1.3 Fire spread on sloped surfaces
5.8.2 Flame spread on liquids
5.8.3 Flame spread on solids
501-5.9 The Investigator candidate shall describe the different

methods of fire spread in a compartment.
5.9.1 General
5.9.2 Fire spread

5.9.2.1 Fire spread by flame impingement
5.9.2.2 Fire spread by remote ignition
501-5.10 The Investigator candidate shall describe compartment fire

development.
5.10.1 General
5.10.2 Compartment fire phenomena
5.10.3 Compartment vent flows
5.10.4 Flashover
5.10.5 Fully developed compartment fires
5.10.6 Effects of enclosures on fire growth

5.10.6.1 Room volume and ceiling height
5.10.6.2 Location of the fire in the compartment
501-5.11 The Investigator candidate shall identify fire spread between

compartments.

5.11.1 Fire spread via openings
5.11.2 Fire spread via barriers
501-5.12 The Investigator candidate shall describe the paths of smoke

spread in buildings.

SECTION 6
FIRE PATTERNS

conducting a comprehensive review of documentation generated during the examination(s) of
the scene if the scene is no longer available, so as to determine the area or point of origin,
source of ignition, material(s) ignited, and act or activity that brought ignition source and
materials together and to assess the subsequent progression, extinguishment, and containment
of the fire.
NFPA 1033 4.2.4 Interpret fire patterns, given standard equipment and tools and some
structural or content remains, so that each individual pattern is evaluated with respect to the
burning characteristics of the material involved and in context and relationship with all patterns
observed and the mechanisms of heat transfer that led to the formation of the pattern.
release rate, form, and ignitibility of materials.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to interpret the effects of burning characteristics on different types
of materials.
of suppression are evaluated, false origin area patterns are recognized, and all areas of origin
are correctly identified.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Fire behavior and spread based on fire chemistry, fire dynamics,
and physics, fire suppression effects, building construction.
(B) Requisite Skills. Interpret variations of fire patterns on different materials with consideration
given to heat release rate, form, and ignitibility; distinguish impact of different types of fuel
loads; evaluate fuel trails; and analyze and synthesize information.
NFPA 1033 4.2.7 Reconstruct the area of origin, given standard and, if needed, special
equipment and tools as well as sufficient personnel, so that all protected areas and fire patterns
are identified and correlated to contents or structural remains, items potentially critical to cause
determination and photo documentation are returned to their prefire location, and the area(s) or
point(s) of origin is discovered.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. The effects of fire on different types of material and the importance
and uses of reconstruction.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to examine all materials to determine the effects of fire, identify and
distinguish among different types of fire-damaged contents, and return materials to their original
position using protected areas and fire patterns.
501-6.1 The Investigator candidate shall define fire patterns.
501-6.2 The Investigator candidate shall be able to identify fire effects.
6.2.1 Identify fire patterns
6.2.2 Temperature estimation using fire effects

6.2.3 Mass loss of material
6.2.4 Char
6.2.4.1 Introduction
6.2.4.2 Surface effect of char
6.2.4.3 Appearance of char
6.2.4.4 Rate of wood charring
6.2.4.5 Depth of char
6.2.4.6 Nature of char
6.2.5 Spalling
6.2.6 Oxidation
6.2.7 Color changes
6.2.8 Melting of materials
6.2.9 Thermal expansion and deformation of materials
6.2.10 Deposition of smoke on surfaces
6.2.11 Clean burn
6.2.12 Calcination
6.2.13 Window glass

6.2.13.1 Breaking of glass
6.2.13.2 Tempered glass
6.2.13.3 Staining of glass
6.2.14 Collapsed furniture springs
6.2.15 Distorted light bulbs
6.2.16 Rainbow effect
6.2.17 Victim injuries
501-6.3 The Investigator candidate shall be able to identify the

following fire patterns.
6.3.1 Introduction

6.3.1.1 Dynamics of pattern production

6.3.1.2 Lines or areas of demarcation
6.3.2 Causes of fire patterns

6.3.2.1 Plume-generated patterns
6.3.2.2 Ventilation-generated patterns
6.3.2.3 Hot gas layer-generated patterns
6.3.2.4 Full room involvement-generated patterns
6.3.2.5 Suppression-generated patterns
6.3.3 Locations of patterns
6.3.4 Location of objects

6.3.4.1 Heat shadowing
6.3.4.2 Protected areas
6.3.5 Penetrations of horizontal surfaces
6.3.6 Depth of char patterns with fuel gases
6.3.7 Pattern geometry

6.3.7.1 V patterns on vertical surfaces
6.3.7.2 Inverted cone (triangular) patterns
6.3.7.3 Hourglass patterns
6.3.7.4 U-shaped patterns
6.3.7.5 Truncated cone patterns
6.3.7.6 Pointer and arrow patterns
6.3.7.7 Circular-shaped patterns
6.3.7.8 Irregular patterns
6.3.7.9 Doughnut-shaped patterns
6.3.7.10 Linear patterns
6.3.7.11 Area patterns
6.3.7.12 Saddle burns
501-6.4 The Investigator candidate shall be able to identify and analyze

fire patterns.
6.4.1 Types of fire patterns

6.4.1.1 Fire spread (movement) patterns
6.4.1.2 Heat (intensity) patterns
6.4.1.3 Combination of patterns

SECTION 7
BUILDING SYSTEMS

Duties shall include inspecting and evaluating the fire scene, or evidence of the scene if the
scene is no longer available, so as to determine the area or point of origin, source of ignition,
material(s) ignited, and act or activity that brought ignition source and materials together and to
assess the subsequent progression, extinguishment, and containment of the fire.
NFPA 1033 4.2.8 Inspect the performance of building systems, including detection,
suppression, HVAC, utilities, and building compartmentation, given standard and special
equipment and tools, so that a determination can be made as to the need for expert resources,
an operating system’s impact on fire growth and spread is considered in identifying origin areas,
defeated and/or failed systems are identified, and the system's potential as a fire cause is
recognized.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Different types of detection, suppression, HVAC, utility, and building
compartmentation such as fire walls and fire doors; types of expert resources for building
systems; the impact of fire on various systems; common methods used to defeat a system’s
functional capability; and types of failures.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to determine the system's operation and its effect on the fire;
identify alterations to, and failure indicators of, building systems; and evaluate the impact of
suppression efforts on building systems.
501-7.1 The Investigator candidate shall recognize the reaction of

buildings and building assemblies to fire.
501-7.2 The Investigator candidate shall evaluate the features of

design, construction and structural elements in evaluating fire
development.
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Building design

7.2.2.1 General
7.2.2.2 Building loads
7.2.2.3 Room size
7.2.2.4 Compartmentation

7.2.2.5 Concealed and interstitial spaces

7.2.2.6 Planned designs as compared to “as-built”
conditions
7.2.3 Materials
7.2.3.1 Ignitability
7.2.3.2 Flammability
7.2.3.3 Thermal inertia
7.2.3.4 Thermal conductivity
7.2.3.5 Toxicity
7.2.3.6 Physical state and heat resistance
7.2.3.7 Orientation, position and placement
7.2.4 Occupancy
7.2.5 Computer fire model survey of building component

variations
7.2.6 Explosion damage
501-7.3 The Investigator candidate shall identify the different types of

building construction.
7.3.1 General
**Note** (Only 501-7.3.1)
The following section is not contained in NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and
Explosion Investigations. The reference for this material is found in IFSTA,
Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement and Fire Investigator.
7.3.1.1 Type I – fire resistive

7.3.1.2 Type II – non-combustible
7.3.1.3 Type III – ordinary
7.3.1.4 Type IV – heavy timber
7.3.1.5 Type V – wood frame
7.3.2 Wood Frame (Type V)

7.3.2.1 Platform frame construction
7.3.2.2 Balloon frame
7.3.2.3 Plank and beam
7.3.2.4 Post and frame
7.3.2.5 Heavy timber
7.3.2.6 Alternative residential construction
7.3.2.6.1 Manufactured homes
7.3.2.6.2 Modular homes

7.3.2.6.3 Steel frame residential

construction
7.3.2.7 Manufactured wood structural elements
7.3.3 Ordinary construction (Type III)
7.3.4 Mill construction (Type IV)
7.3.5 Non-combustible construction (Type II)

7.3.5.1 General
7.3.5.2 Metal construction
7.3.5.3 Concrete or masonry construction
501-7.4 The Investigator candidate shall identify the different

construction assemblies.
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Floor/ceiling/roof assemblies
7.4.3 Walls
7.4.4 Doors
7.4.5 Concealed spaces
501-7.5 The Investigator candidate shall describe the different

construction materials.
7.5.1 Structural steel
7.5.2 Reinforced concrete
7.5.3 Wood
501-7.6 The Investigator candidate shall analyze the impact of passive

fire protection systems on the investigation.
501-7.7 The Investigator candidate should analyze the design and

installation parameters when the passive fire protection
system is determined to be a factor.

501-7.8 The Investigator candidate should produce the additional

documentation and data collection when the passive fire
protection system is determined to be a factor.
501-7.9 The Investigator candidate shall perform the required

additional analysis.
7.9.1 Code analysis
7.9.2 Design analysis
7.9.3 Installation analysis
7.9.4 System performance
7.9.5 Testing and maintenance analysis
7.9.6 Origin and cause determination

SECTION 8
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
4.2. Scene Examination
assess the subsequent progression, extinguishment, and containment of the fire
NFPA 1033 4.2.8 Inspect the performance of building systems, including detection, suppression,
HVAC, utilities, and building compartmentation, given standard and special equipment and tools,
so that a determination can be made as to the need for expert resources, an operating system’s
impact on fire growth and spread is considered in identifying origin areas, defeated and/or failed
systems are identified, and the system's potential as a fire cause is recognized.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to determine the system's operation and its effect on the fire; identify
alterations to, and failure indicators of, building systems; and evaluate the impact of suppression
efforts on building systems.
501-8.1 The Investigator candidate shall develop basic understanding

of active fire protection systems.
501-8.2 The Investigator candidate shall develop basic understanding

of documentation of fire protection systems.
8.2.1 Design documentation
8.2.2 Permit history
8.2.3 Invoices and contracts
8.2.4 Installation documentation
8.2.5 Inspection and maintenance records
8.2.6 Product literature
8.2.7 Alarm / activation history
501-8.3 The Investigator candidate shall identify the basic components

and operation of a fire alarm system.

8.3.1 General information

8.3.1.1 Purpose of systems
8.3.1.2 System components
8.3.1.3 General system operation
8.3.2 Key components of systems

8.3.2.1 Fire Alarm Control Unit (FACU)
8.3.2.2 Power supply
8.3.2.3 Initiating devices
8.3.2.4 Smoke detection
8.3.2.5 Heat detection
8.3.2.6 Other types of detectors
8.3.2.7 Notification appliances
8.3.3 Operations and installation parameters of the system

8.3.3.1 FACU features
8.3.3.2 Location and spacing of devices
8.3.3.3 Internal system communication
8.3.3.4 Means of alarm transmission
8.3.3.5 Systems monitored and controlled
8.3.4 Analysis
8.3.4.1 System documentation and data collection
8.3.4.2 Code analysis
8.3.4.3 Design analysis
8.3.4.4 Installation analysis
8.3.4.5 Testing and maintenance analysis
8.3.4.6 System performance
8.3.4.7 Development of timeline
8.3.4.8 Thermal damage
8.3.4.9 Fire alarm effectiveness
8.3.4.10 Impact on human behavior

and operation of a water-based fire suppression system.
8.4.1 General Information

8.4.1.2 General system operation
8.4.2 Key components of water-based systems

8.4.2.1 Sprinklers/nozzles
8.4.2.2 Piping

8.4.2.3 Systems valves

8.4.2.4 Water supply

8.4.3.1 Location and spacing of sprinklers
8.4.3.2 Pipe sizing and arrangement
8.4.3.3 Sprinkler coverage and distribution
8.4.3.4 Water flow rate and pressure
8.4.3.5 Activation mechanisms and criteria
8.4.4 Analysis
8.4.4.1 System documentation and data collection
8.4.4.2 Code analysis
8.4.4.4 Hazard protected

and operation of a non-water-based fire suppression system.
8.5.1 General information

8.5.1.2 Method of application
8.5.1.3 Suppression agents
8.5.2 Key components of systems

8.5.2.1 Suppression agent supply
8.5.2.2 Pressure sources
8.5.2.3 Distribution piping
8.5.2.4 Valves, hoses and fittings
8.5.2.5 Proportioners
8.5.2.6 Distribution nozzles
8.5.2.7 Actuation system
8.5.2.8 System monitoring and control

8.5.3.1 Location and spacing of nozzles
8.5.3.2 Pipe sizing and arrangement
8.5.3.3 Nozzle coverage and distribution
8.5.3.4 Activation mechanisms and criteria
8.5.4 Analysis
8.5.4.1 General information and codes

501-8.6 The Investigator candidate shall identify spoliation issues

regarding the documentation of the fire protection system.
**Note**
The following sections (501-8.7 through 501-8.12) are not contained in
NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations. The reference for
this material is found in IFSTA, Fire Inspection and Code Enforcement.
501-8.7 The Investigator candidate shall describe the types and

characteristics of automatic sprinkler systems.
8.7.1 Identify various types of automatic sprinkler systems

8.7.1.1 Wet pipe
8.7.1.2 Dry pipe
8.7.1.3 Pre-action
8.7.1.4 Deluge
8.7.1.5 Residential
8.7.2 Identify reasons for unsatisfactory performance of an

automatic sprinkler system.
8.7.3 Describe fire sprinkler components and operations.
501-8.8 The Investigator candidate shall describe the types,

operations, capabilities and the effects of proper application of
“special agent” fire extinguishing systems.
8.8.1 Dry chemical
8.8.2 Wet chemical
8.8.3 Halogenated agent
8.8.4 Carbon dioxide
8.8.5 Foam
8.8.6 Gaseous agent
501-8.9 The Investigator candidate shall identify the classes and

capabilities of standpipe and hose systems.

8.9.1 Class I systems
8.9.2 Class II systems
8.9.3 Class III systems
501-8.10 The Investigator candidate shall identify alarm-initiating

devices.
8.10.1 Local system
8.10.2 Auxiliary system
8.10.3 Remote station
8.10.4 Proprietary system
8.10.5 Central station system
501-8.11 The Investigator candidate shall identify fire detection

systems.
8.11.1 Smoke
8.11.2 Flame
8.11.3 Heat
8.11.4 Gas
501-8.12 The Investigator candidate shall describe Heating Ventilation

and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system components and their
relation to smoke and fire spread.
8.12.1 Smoke dampers
8.12.2 Automatic shutoffs
8.12.3 Ductwork
8.12.4 Pipe and duct chases

SECTION 9
ELECTRICITY AND FIRE

recognized.
501-9.1 The Investigator candidate shall understand the basic

principles of physics that relate to electricity and fire,
including systems and equipment.
501-9.2 The Investigator candidate shall describe basic electrical

theory.
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Comparing electricity to hydraulics
9.2.3 Ampacity
9.2.4 Conductivity of conductors
9.2.5 Ohm’s Law
9.2.6 Electrical power
9.2.7 Ohm’s Law Wheel

9.2.8 Applying Ohm’s Law
501-9.3 The Investigator candidate shall describe the typical building

electrical systems and its components.
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Electrical service

9.3.2.1 Single phase service
9.3.2.2 Three phase service
9.3.3 Meter and base
9.3.4 Significance
501-9.4 The Investigator candidate shall identify the functions of

service equipment.
9.4.1 To provide means for turning off power to the entire

electrical system
9.4.2 To provide protection against electrical malfunctions
9.4.3 To divide the power distribution into several branch

circuits
501-9.5 The Investigator candidate shall identify the principle of

grounding.
9.5.1 General
9.5.2 Floating neutral (open neutral)
501-9.6 The Investigator candidate shall describe the components of

overcurrent protection.
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Fuses
9.6.2.1 Operations
9.6.2.2 Plug fuses
9.6.2.3 Type S fuses
9.6.2.4 Time-delay fuses

9.6.2.5 Cartridge fuses
9.6.3 Circuit breakers

9.6.3.1 Operations
9.6.3.2 Main breakers
9.6.3.3 Branch circuit breakers
9.6.3.4 Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI)
9.6.3.5 Arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCI)
9.6.4 Circuit breaker panels
501-9.7 The Investigator candidate shall describe a branch circuit and

its components.
9.7.1 Conductors
9.7.2 Size of conductors
9.7.3 Copper conductors
9.7.4 Aluminum conductors
9.7.5 Insulation
501-9.8 The Investigator candidate shall identify and describe the

different types of outlets and devices found in a branch circuit.
9.8.1 Switches
9.8.2 Receptacles
9.8.3 Other outlets, devices or equipment
501-9.9 The Investigator candidate shall describe how the use of

improper electrical components can create sufficient heat for
ignition.
9.9.1 General
9.9.2 Resistance heating
9.9.3 Overcurrent and overload
9.9.4 Arcs

9.9.4.1 General
9.9.4.2 High voltage arcs
9.9.4.3 Static electricity
9.9.4.4 Parting arcs
9.9.4.5 Arcing across a carbonized path
9.9.5 Sparks
9.9.6 High-resistance faults
501-9.10 The Investigator candidate shall identify and describe types of

damage encountered in electrical systems.
9.10.1 General
9.10.2 Short circuit and ground fault parting arcs
9.10.3 Arcing through a carbonized path due to thermal means

(arcing through char)
9.10.4 Overheating connections
9.10.5 Overload
9.10.6 Effects not caused by electricity

9.10.6.1 Conductor surface colors
9.10.6.2 Melting by fire
9.10.6.3 Alloying
9.10.6.4 Mechanical gouges
9.10.7 Insulation Damage
501-9.11 The Investigator candidate shall identify arc melting of

electrical conductors.
9.11.1 Melting caused by electrical arcing
9.11.2 Melting caused by fire
9.11.3 Eutectic melting
9.11.4 Extraneous melting
9.11.5 Undersized conductors

9.11.6 Nicked or stretched conductors
9.11.7 Arc mapping procedure
9.11.8 Deteriorated insulation
9.11.9 Over driven or misdriven staple
9.11.10 Short circuit
9.11.11 Beaded conductor
501-9.12 The Investigator candidate shall describe the role of static

electricity in an ignition sequence.
9.12.1 Introduction to static electricity
9.12.2 Generation of static electricity

9.12.2.1 General
9.12.2.2 Ignitable liquids
9.12.2.3 Charges on the surface of a liquid
9.12.2.4 Switch loading
9.12.2.5 Spraying operations
9.12.2.6 Gases
9.12.2.7 Dusts and fibers
9.12.2.8 Static electric discharge from the human body
9.12.2.9 Clothing
9.12.3 Incendive arc
9.12.4 Ignition energy
9.12.5 Controlling accumulations of static electricity

9.12.5.1 Humidification
9.12.5.2 Bonding and grounding
9.12.6 Conditions necessary for static arc ignition
9.12.7 Investigating static electric ignitions
9.12.8 Lightning
9.12.8.1 General
9.12.8.2 Lightning characteristics

9.12.8.3 Lightning strikes

9.12.8.4 Lightning damage
9.12.8.5 Lightning detection networks

SECTION 10
BUILDING FUEL GAS SYSTEMS

recognized.
501-10.1 The Investigator candidate shall describe building fuel gas

systems.
10.1.1 Impact of fuel gases on fire and explosions investigations
10.1.2 Additional fire spread
501-10.2 The Investigator candidate shall identify the different fuel

gases.
10.2.1 Natural gas
10.2.2 Commercial propane
10.2.3 Other fuel gases

10.2.3.1 Commercial butane
10.2.3.2 Propane HD5
10.2.3.3 Manufactured gases
10.2.4 Odorization

501-10.3 The Investigator candidate shall identify different natural gas

systems.
10.3.1 Transmission pipelines
10.3.2 Main pipelines (mains)
10.3.3 Service lines
10.3.4 Metering
501-10.4 The Investigator candidate shall identify different LP-Gas

Systems.
10.4.1 LP-Gas storage containers

10.4.1.1 Tanks
10.4.1.2 Cylinders
10.4.2 Container appurtenances

10.4.2.1 Pressure relief devices
10.4.2.2 Connections for flow control
10.4.2.3 Liquid level gauging devices
10.4.2.4 Pressure gauges
10.4.3 Pressure regulation
10.4.4 Vaporizers
501-10.5 The Investigator candidate shall identify common fuel gas

system components.
10.5.1 Pressure regulations (reduction)
10.5.2 Service piping systems
10.5.3 Valves
10.5.4 Gas burners

10.5.4.1 Manual ignition
10.5.4.2 Pilot lights
10.5.4.3 Pilotless igniters

501-10.6 The Investigator candidate shall identify the common piping in

buildings.
10.6.1 Size of piping
10.6.2 Piping materials
10.6.3 Joints and fittings
10.6.4 Piping installation
10.6.5 Main shut-off valves
10.6.6 Prohibited locations
10.6.7 Electrical bonding and grounding
501-10.7 The Investigator candidate shall identify common appliance

and equipment requirements.
10.7.1 Installation
10.7.2 Venting and air supply
10.7.3 Appliance controls
501-10.8 The Investigator candidate shall identify common fuel gas

utilization equipment.
10.8.1 Air heating
10.8.2 Water heating
10.8.3 Cooking
10.8.4 Refrigeration and cooling
10.8.5 Engines
10.8.6 Illumination
10.8.7 Incinerators, toilets, and exhaust afterburners

501-10.9 The Investigator candidate shall explain investigating fuel gas

systems.
10.9.1 Recognize limitations
10.9.2 Fuel gas system analysis
10.9.3 Compliance with codes and standards
10.9.4 Leakage
10.9.5 Pressure testing
10.9.6 Locating leaks
10.9.7 Testing flow rates and pressures
10.9.8 Collection of gas piping
10.9.9 Underground migration of fuel gases

SECTION 11
FIRE-RELATED HUMAN BEHAVIOR
4.4 Evidence Collection/Preservation

Duties shall include using proper physical and legal procedures to identify, document, collect,
and preserve evidence required within the investigation.
NFPA 1033 4.4.1 Utilize proper procedures for managing victims and fatalities, given a protocol
and appropriate personnel, so that all evidence is discovered and preserved and the protocol
procedures are followed.
(A) Requisite Knowledge: Types of evidence associated with fire victims and fatalities and
evidence preservation methods.
(B) Requisite Skills: Observational skills and the ability to apply protocols to given situations.

NFPA 1033 4.6.4: Establish evidence as to motive and/or opportunity, given an incendiary fire,
so that the evidence is supported by documentation and meets the evidentiary requirements of
the jurisdiction.
(A) Requisite Knowledge: Types of motives common to incendiary fires, methods used to
discover opportunity, and human behavioral patterns relative to fire-setting.
(B) Requisite Skills: Financial analysis, records gathering and analysis, interviewing, and
interpreting fire scene information and evidence for relationship to motive and/or opportunity.
NFPA 1033 4.6.5 Formulate an opinion concerning origin, cause, or responsibility for the fire,
matrixing).
501-11.1 The Investigator candidate shall recognize that the analysis of

fire related human behavior will often be an integral part of the
investigation.
501-11.2 The Investigator candidate shall recall the history of research

as related to fire related human behavior.

501-11.3 The Investigator candidate shall identify and describe general

considerations of human response to fires.
11.3.1 Individual
11.3.1.1 Physical limitations
11.3.1.2 Cognitive comprehension limitations
11.3.1.3 Familiarity and physical setting
11.3.2 Groups
11.3.2.1 Group size
11.3.2.2 Group structure
11.3.2.3 Group permanence
11.3.2.4 Roles and norms
11.3.3 Characteristics of the physical setting

11.3.3.1 Location of exits
11.3.3.2 Number of exits
11.3.3.3 Height of the structure
11.3.3.4 Fire alarm systems
11.3.3.5 Fire suppression systems
11.3.4 Characteristics of the fire

11.3.4.1 Presence of flames
11.3.4.2 Presence of smoke
11.3.4.3 Effects of toxic gases and oxygen depletion

factors related to fire initiation.
11.4.1 Factors involved in accidental fires

11.4.1.1 Improper maintenance and operations
11.4.1.2 Housekeeping
11.4.1.3 Product labels, instructions and warnings
11.4.1.4 Purpose of labels
11.4.1.5 Purpose of instructions
11.4.1.6 Purpose of warnings
11.4.1.7 Key elements of a proper warning
11.4.1.8 Standards on labels, instructions and warnings
11.4.2 Recalls
11.4.3 Other considerations
11.4.4 Violations of fire safety codes and standards

501–11.5 The Investigator candidate shall identify and describe the

factors related to children and fire.
11.5.1 Child firesetters (ages 2 to 6)
11.5.2 Juvenile firesetters (ages 7 to 13)
11.5.3 Adolescent firesetters (ages 14 to 16)
501-11.6 Incendiary fires – see SECTION 501-24.4 for additional

information.
501-11.7 The Investigator candidate shall identify and describe human

factors related to fire spread.
501-11.8 The Investigator candidate shall identify the basic concepts in

recognition and response to fires.
11.8.1 Perception of the danger (sensory cues)
11.8.2 Decision to act (response)
11.8.3 Action taken
11.8.4 Escape factors
11.8.5 Information received from survivors

SECTION 12
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS
4.1 General
NFPA 1033 4.1.5* The fire investigator shall adhere to all applicable legal and regulatory
requirements.
4.3 Documenting the Scene

Duties shall include diagramming the scene, photographing, and taking field notes to be used to
compile a final report.
NFPA 1033 4.3.3 Construct investigative notes, given a fire scene, available documents (e.g.,
prefire plans and inspection reports), and interview information, so that the notes are accurate,
provide further documentation of the scene, and represent complete documentation of the
scene findings.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Relationship between notes, diagrams, and photos, how to reduce
scene information into concise notes, and the use of notes during report writing and legal
proceedings.
(B) Requisite Skills. Data-reduction skills, note-taking skills, and observational and correlating
skills.
4.4 Evidence Collection/Preservation.

Duties shall include using proper physical and legal procedures to identify, document, collect
NFPA 1033 4.4.2 Locate, document, collect, label, package and store evidence, given standard
or special tools and equipment and evidence collection materials, so that evidence is identified,
preserved, collected, packaged and stored for use in testing, legal, or other proceedings and
examinations, ensuring cross-contamination and investigator-inflicted damage and the chain of
custody is established.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Types of evidence, authority requirements, impact of removing
evidentiary items on civil or criminal proceedings (exclusionary or fire-cause supportive
evidence), types, capabilities, and limitations of standard and special tools used to locate
evidence, types of laboratory tests available, packaging techniques and materials, and impact of
evidence collection on the investigation.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to recognize different types of evidence and determine whether
evidence is critical to the investigation.
NFPA 1033 4.4.4 Maintain a chain of custody, given standard investigative tools, marking tools,
and evidence tags or logs, so that written documentation exists for each piece of evidence and
evidence is secured.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Rules of custody and transfer procedures, types of evidence (e.g.,
physical evidence obtained at the scene, photos, and documents), and methods of recording
the chain of custody.

(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to execute the chain of custody procedures and accurately
complete necessary documents.

NFPA 1033 4.6.3 Coordinate expert resources, given the investigative file, reports, and
documents, so that the expert’s competencies are matched to the specific investigation needs,
financial expenditures are justified, and utilization clearly furthers the investigative goals of
determining cause or affixing responsibility.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. How to assess one’s own expertise, qualification to be called for
expert testimony, types of expert resources (e.g., forensic, CPA, polygraph, financial, human
behavior disorders, and engineering), and methods to identify expert resources.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to apply expert resources to further the investigation by networking
with other investigators to identify experts, questioning experts relative to their qualifications,
and developing a utilization plan for use of expert resources.
4.7 Presentations.
Duties shall include the presentation of findings to those individuals not involved in the actual
investigations.
NFPA 1033 4.7.3 Testify during legal proceedings, given investigative findings, contents of
reports, and consultation with legal counsel, so that all pertinent investigative information and
evidence are presented clearly and accurately and the investigator’s demeanor and attire are
appropriate to the proceedings.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Types of investigative findings, types of legal proceedings,
professional demeanor requirements, and an understanding of due process and legal
proceedings.
(B) Requisite Skills. Communication and listening skills and ability to differentiate facts from
opinion and determine accepted procedures, practices, and etiquette during legal proceedings.
501-12.1 The Investigator candidate shall recognize the legal

consideration impact on every phase of the fire investigation.
501-12.2 The Investigator candidate shall ensure that constitutional

considerations are observed.
12.2.1 Amendment Four
12.2.2 Amendment Five
12.2.3 Amendment Six

501-12.3 The Investigator candidate shall observe all legal

considerations during the investigation.
12.3.1 Authority to conduct the investigation
12.3.2 Right of entry
12.3.3 Method of entry

12.3.3.1 Consent
12.3.3.2 Exigent circumstance
12.3.3.3 Administrative search warrant
12.3.3.4 Criminal search warrant
12.3.4 The questioning of suspects
12.3.5 Spoliation of evidence

12.3.5.1 Responsibility
12.3.5.2 Documentation
12.3.5.3 Remedies for spoliation
12.3.5.4 Notification to interested parties
12.3.5.5 Documentation prior to alteration
12.3.5.6 Alteration and movement of evidence
12.3.5.7 Notification prior to destructive testing
501-12.4 The Investigator candidate shall recognize pretrial legal

considerations.
12.4.1 Introduction
12.4.2 Forms of discovery

12.4.2.1 Request to produce
12.4.2.2 Interrogatories
12.4.2.3 Depositions
12.4.2.3.1 Procedure
12.4.2.3.2 Discovery depositions
12.4.2.3.3 Trial depositions
12.4.2.4 Reports
12.4.3 Motions
501-12.5 The Investigator candidate shall identify the trial procedures in

criminal and civil cases.
12.5.1 Rules of evidence

12.5.2 Types of evidence

12.5.2.1 Demonstrative evidence
12.5.2.1.1 Photographs/illustrative
forms of evidence
12.5.2.1.2 Samples
12.5.2.2 Documentary evidence
12.5.2.3 Testimonial evidence
12.5.2.3.1 Fact witness
12.5.2.3.2 Expert witness
12.5.2.3.3 Admissibility of expert
testimony
12.5.2.3.4 Relevance
12.5.2.3.5 Qualifications of expert
12.5.2.3.6 Reliability of opinion
12.5.3 Forms of examination

12.5.3.1 Direct examination
12.5.3.2 Cross-examination
12.5.4 Forms of testimony

12.5.4.1 Affidavits
12.5.4.2 Answers to interrogatories
12.5.4.3 Depositions and trial testimony
12.5.5 Burden of proof
12.5.6 Criminal prosecution

12.5.6.1 Arson
12.5.6.2 Arson statutes
12.5.6.3 Factors to be considered
12.5.6.4 Other fire related criminal acts
12.5.6.5 Arson reporting/immunity statutes
12.5.7 Civil litigation

12.5.7.1 Negligence
12.5.7.2 Codes, regulations, and standards
12.5.7.3 Product liability
12.5.7.4 Strict liability

SECTION 13
SAFETY
4.1 General
NFPA 1033 4.1.3* Because fire investigators are required to perform activities in adverse
conditions, site safety assessments shall be completed on all scenes and regional and national
safety standards shall be followed and included in organizational policies and procedures.

source of ignition, material(s) ignited, and act or activity that brought ignition source and
of the fire.
NFPA 1033 4.2.2* Conduct an exterior survey, given standard equipment and tools, so that
evidence is identified and preserved, fire damage is interpreted, hazards are identified to avoid
injuries, accessibility to the property is determined, and all potential means of ingress and
egress are discovered.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. The types of building construction and the effects of fire on
construction materials, types of evidence commonly found in the perimeter, evidence
preservation methods, the effects of fire suppression, fire behavior and spread, fire patterns,
and a basic awareness of the dangers of hazardous materials.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to assess fire ground and structural condition, observe the damage
from and effects of the fire, and interpret fire patterns.
501-13.1 The Investigator candidate shall describe the safety issues as

they relate to the fire investigation.
13.1.1 General injury/health statistics
13.1.2 Health and safety programs

13.1.2.1 Five critical elements of safety and health
programs
13.1.2.1.1 Management commitment and
employee participation
13.1.2.1.2 Hazard and risk assessment
13.1.2.1.3 Hazard prevention and control
13.1.2.1.4 Safety and health training and
education
13.1.2.1.5 Long-term commitment
501-13.2 The Investigator candidate shall describe factors that have an

influence on general fire scene safety.

13.2.1 Investigating the scene alone
13.2.2 Investigator fatigue
13.2.3 Working above or below grade level
13.2.4 Working around mechanized equipment
13.2.5 Safety of bystanders
13.2.6 Status of suppression
13.2.7 First aid kit and emergency notification numbers
13.2.8 Emergency notification signal
501-13.3 The Investigator candidate shall describe general and

particular dangers of the fire scene.
13.3.1 Physical hazards
13.3.2 Structural stability hazards
13.3.3 Electrical hazards
13.3.4 Chemical hazards
13.3.5 Biological hazards
13.3.6 Mechanical hazards
13.3.7 Miscellaneous hazards

13.3.7.1 Radiological hazards
13.3.7.2 Utilities
13.3.7.3 Mechanized equipment hazards
501-13.4 The Investigator candidate shall describe safety plans that

may be part of the investigative process.
13.4.1 Hazard and risk assessment

13.4.1.1 Identify the hazards
13.4.1.2 Determine the risk of the hazard
13.4.1.3 Control the hazard

13.4.1.3.1 Engineering controls

13.4.1.3.2 Administrative controls
13.4.1.3.3 Proper selection and use of PPE
13.4.2 Site-specific safety plans

13.4.2.1 Hazard communication site plan (HazCom
Plan)
13.4.2.2 Confined space program
13.4.3 Management of plans and site safety
13.4.4 Safety meetings and briefings
501-13.5 The Investigator candidate shall describe factors associated

with chemical and contaminant exposure.
13.5.1 Types of exposure effects

13.5.1.1 Local effects
13.5.1.2 Systemic effects
13.5.2 Routes of exposure

13.5.2.1 Inhalation
13.5.2.2 Cutaneous
13.5.2.3 Ingestion
13.5.2.4 Injection
13.5.2.5 Ocular exposure route
13.5.3 Toxicity exposure levels

13.5.3.1 Acute exposure
13.5.3.2 Chronic exposure
13.5.3.3 Cumulative exposure
13.5.3.4 Latency period
501-13.6 The Investigator candidate shall understand the utilization of

personal protective equipment on fire and explosion scenes.
13.6.1 Proper selection and use of personal protective

equipment (PPE)
13.6.1.1 Safety clothing and equipment
13.6.1.2 PPE use
13.6.1.3 Decontamination
13.6.2 Examples of personal protective equipment (PPE)

13.6.2.1 Respiratory protection

13.6.2.2 Hand protection

13.6.2.3 Other specialized equipment
501-13.7 The Investigator candidate shall describe the potential

emergency situations that could occur while processing a fire
scene and the different types of emergency action plans
needed.
13.7.1 Emergency evacuation plans
13.7.2 Medical emergency plans
13.7.3 Severe weather plans
13.7.4 Fire emergency plan
13.7.5 Additional emergency action plans
501-13.8 The Investigator candidate shall describe post-scene safety

activities.
13.8.1 Decontamination
13.8.2 Medical screening
501-13.9 The Investigator candidate shall describe safety

considerations in off-scene investigation activities.
501-13.10 The Investigator candidate shall identify the special hazards

associated with investigating the fire scene.
13.10.1 Criminal acts or acts of terrorism

13.10.1.1 Secondary devices
13.10.2 Residue chemicals
13.10.3 Biological and radiological terrorism
13.10.4 Drug labs

**Note**
The following part of Section 13 (501-13.11 through 501-13.15) is not

contained in NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations. The
reference for this material is found in IFSTA, Fire Inspection and Code
Enforcement. See also the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG).
501-13.11 The Investigator candidate shall demonstrate knowledge of

safety principles applicable to hazardous materials response.
501-13.12 The Investigator candidate shall identify the difference

between hazardous materials incidents and other
emergencies.
501-13.13 The Investigator candidate, utilizing the Emergency Response

Guidebook, shall:
1) Identify the three methods for determining the appropriate guide

page for a specific hazardous material.
a) Locate UN number in the yellow-bordered pages.
b) Locate name of material in the alphabetic listing in the blue-
bordered pages.
c) Locate a matching placard in the table of placards and
consult the two-digit guide number located next to the similar
placard.
2) Identify two general types of hazards found on each guide page.

a) Fire/Explosive
b) Health
501-13.14 The Investigator candidate, given an example of an NFPA 704

marking, shall identify the significance of the following
components.
1) Three categories of hazard

a) Health - Blue color
b) Flammability - Red color
c) Instability - Yellow color
2) Special hazards that may be indicated

a) W
b) OX (or OXY)
c) COR
d) ALK

e) ACID
3) Numerical rating system of hazards
501-13.15 The Investigator candidate shall identify the following

information from safety data sheets (SDS).
1) The Investigator candidate shall list four organizations from

which to obtain a safety data sheet (SDS)
a) Manufacturer of the material
b) Supplier
c) Facility hazard and communication plan
d) Local emergency planning committee (LEPC)
2) The Investigator candidate shall be familiar with the different

SDS chapters

SECTION 14
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
4.1 General
NFPA 1033 4.1.4 The fire investigator shall maintain necessary liaison with other interested

recognized.
(B) Requisite Skills. Determine the system's operation and its effect on the fire; identify
alterations to, and failure indicators of, building systems; and evaluate the impact of

Duties shall include using proper physical and legal procedures to identify, document, collect,
NFPA 1033 4.4.3 Select evidence for analysis given all information from the investigation, so
that items for analysis support specific investigation needs.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Purposes for submitting items for analysis, types of analytical
services available, and capabilities and limitations of the services performing the analysis.
(B) Requisite Skills. Evaluate the fire incident to determine forensic, engineering, or laboratory
needs.
4.5 Interview.
Duties shall include obtaining information regarding the overall fire investigation from others
through verbal communication.
NFPA 1033 4.5.1 Develop an interview plan, given no special tools or equipment, so that the
plan reflects a strategy to further determine the fire cause and affix responsibility and includes a

relevant questioning strategy for each individual to be interviewed that promotes the efficient
use of the investigator’s time.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Persons who can provide information that furthers the fire cause
determination or the affixing of responsibility, types of questions that are pertinent and efficient
to ask of different information sources (first responders, neighbors, witnesses, suspects, and so
forth), and pros and cons of interviews versus document gathering.
(B) Requisite Skills. Planning skills, development of focused questions for specific individuals,
and evaluation of existing file data to help develop questions and fill investigative gaps
NFPA 1033 4.5.2 Conduct interviews, given incident information, so that pertinent information is
obtained, follow-up questions are asked, responses to all questions are elicited, and the
response to each question is documented accurately.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Types of interviews, personal information needed for proper
documentation or follow-up, documenting methods and tools, and types of nonverbal
communications and their meaning.
(B) Requisite Skills. Adjust interviewing strategies based on deductive reasoning, interpret
verbal and nonverbal communications, apply legal requirements applicable, and exhibit strong
listening skills.
NFPA 1033 4.5.3 Evaluate interview information, given interview transcripts or notes and
incident data, so that all interview data is individually analyzed and correlated with all other
interviews, corroborative and conflictive information is documented, and new leads are
developed.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Types of interviews, report evaluation methods, and data correlation
methods.
(B) Requisite Skills. Data correlation skills and the ability to evaluate source information (e.g.,
first responders and other witnesses).

NFPA 1033 4.6.1 Gather reports and records, given no special tools, equipment, or materials,
so that all gathered documents are applicable to the investigation, complete, and authentic; the
chain of custody is maintained; and the material is admissible in a legal proceeding.
(A) Requisite Knowledge: Types of reports needed that facilitate determining responsibility for
the fire (e.g. police reports, insurance policies, financial records, deeds, private investigator
reports, outside photos, and videos) and location of these reports.
(B) Requisite Skills: Identify the reports and documents necessary for the investigation,
implement the chain of custody, and organizational skills.

(A) Requisite Knowledge: How to assess one’s own expertise, qualification to be called for
(B) Requisite Skills: Apply expert resources to further the investigation by networking with
other investigators to identify experts, questioning experts relative to their qualifications, and
developing a utilization plan for use of expert resources.
501-14.1 The Investigator candidate shall identify sources of

information and assistance available to the Investigator during
a fire investigation.
14.1.1 Purpose of obtaining information
14.1.2 Reliability of information obtained
501-14.2 The Investigator candidate shall describe the legal

considerations on sources of information.
14.2.1 Freedom of Information Act
14.2.2 Privileged communications
14.2.3 Confidential communications
501-14.3 The Investigator candidate shall describe the different forms of

information.
14.3.1 Verbal information
14.3.2 Written information
14.3.3 Visual information
14.3.4 Electronic information
501-14.4 The Investigator candidate shall be able to gather both useful

and accurate information through the process of interviewing.
14.4.1 Purpose of interviews
14.4.2 Preparation for the interview
14.4.3 Documenting the interview

501-14.5 The Investigator candidate shall identify governmental

sources of information useful during a fire investigation.
14.5.1 Municipal government
14.5.2 County government
14.5.3 State government
14.5.4 Federal government
501-14.6 The Investigator candidate shall identify private sources of

information useful during a fire investigation.
14.6.1 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
14.6.2 Society of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE)
14.6.3 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
14.6.4 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
14.6.5 National Association of Fire Investigators (NAFI)
14.6.6 International Association of Arson Investigators (IAAI)
14.6.7 Regional fire investigation organizations
14.6.8 Real estate industry
14.6.9 Abstract and title companies
14.6.10 Financial institutions
14.6.11 Insurance industry
14.6.12 Educational institutions
14.6.13 Utility companies
14.6.14 Trade organizations
14.6.15 Local television stations

14.6.16 Lightning detection networks
14.6.17 Other private sources

SECTION 15
PLANNING THE INVESTIGATION
4.1 General
NFPA 1033 4.1.3 Because fire investigators are required to perform activities in adverse
NFPA 1033 4.1.4 The fire investigator shall maintain necessary liaison with other interested
NFPA 1033 4.1.6 The fire investigator shall understand the organization and operation of the
investigative team within an incident management system.

NFPA 1033 4.2.1 Secure the fire ground, given marking devices, sufficient personnel, and
special tools and equipment, so that unauthorized persons can recognize the perimeters of the
investigative scene and are kept from restricted areas and all evidence or potential evidence is
protected from damage or destruction.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Fire ground hazards, types of evidence, and the importance of fire
scene security, evidence preservation, and issues relating to spoliation.
(B) Requisite Skills. Use of marking devices.
4.6 Post-Incident Investigation

(A) Requisite Knowledge. How to assess one’s own expertise, qualifications to be called for
expert testimony, types of expert resources (e.g. forensic, CPA, polygraph, financial, human
behavior disorders, an engineering), and methods to identify expert resources.
(B) Requisite Skills. Apply expert resources to further the investigation by networking with
other investigators to identify experts, questioning experts relative to their qualifications, and
developing a utilization plan for use of expert resources.

501-15.1 The Investigator candidate shall identify basic considerations

of concern prior to beginning the incident scene investigation.
15.1.1 Number of investigators
15.1.2 Resources
15.1.3 “Team concept”
501-15.2 The Investigator candidate shall identify basic incident

information necessary to plan and conduct an investigation.
15.2.1 Location
15.2.2 Date and time of incident
15.2.3 Weather conditions
15.2.4 Size and complexity of the incident
15.2.5 Type and use of structure
15.2.6 Nature and extent of damage
15.2.7 Security of the scene
15.2.8 Purpose of the investigation
501-15.3 The Investigator candidate shall be able to organize the basic

investigation functions that are commonly performed in each
investigation.
501-15.4 The Investigator candidate shall identify the goals of a pre-

investigation team meeting.
15.4.1 Equipment and facilities
15.4.2 Personal safety equipment
15.4.3 Tools and equipment
501-15.5 The Investigator candidate shall identify the specialized

personnel and technical consultants that may be needed to
provide technical assistance.

501-15.6 The Investigator candidate shall identify a method to organize

information generated throughout the investigation and
coordinate the efforts of the various people involved.

SECTION 16
DOCUMENTATION OF THE INVESTIGATION
4.3 Documenting the Scene.

NFPA 1033 4.3.1 Diagram the scene, given standard tools and equipment, so that the scene is
accurately represented and evidence, pertinent contents, significant patterns, and area(s) or
point(s) of origin are identified.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Commonly used symbols and legends that clarify the diagram,
types of evidence and patterns that need to be documented, and formats for diagramming the
scene.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to sketch the scene, basic drafting skills, and evidence recognition
and observational skills.
NFPA 1033 4.3.2 Photographically document the scene, given standard tools and equipment,
so that the scene is accurately depicted and the photographs support scene findings.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Working knowledge of high-resolution camera and flash, the types
of film, media, and flash available, and the strengths and limitations of each.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to use a high-resolution camera, flash, and accessories.
NFPA 1033 4.3.3 Construct investigative notes, given a fire scene, available documents (e.g.,
prefire plans and inspection reports), and interview information, so that the notes are accurate,
provide further documentation of the scene, and represent complete documentation of the
scene findings.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Relationship between notes, diagrams, and photos, how to reduce
scene information into concise notes, and the use of notes during report writing and legal
proceedings.
(B) Requisite Skills. Data-reduction skills, note-taking skills, and observational and correlating
skills.

(A) Requisite Knowledge. Types of reports needed that facilitate determining responsibility for
the fire (e.g., police reports, fire reports, insurance policies, financial records, deeds, private
investigator reports, outside photos, and videos) and location of these reports.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to identify the reports and documents necessary for the
investigation, implement the chain of custody, and organizational skills.

NFPA 1033 4.6.2 Evaluate the investigative file, given all available file information, so that
areas for further investigation are identified, the relationship between gathered documents and
information is interpreted, and corroborative evidence and information discrepancies are
discovered.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. File assessment and/or evaluation methods, including accurate
documentation practices, and requisite investigative elements.
(B) Requisite Skills. Information assessment, correlation, and organizational skills.
4.7 Presentations
investigations.
NFPA 1033 4.7.1 Prepare a written report, given investigative findings, documentation, and a
specific audience, so that the report accurately reflects the investigative findings, is concise,
expresses the investigator’s opinion, contains facts and data that the investigator relies on in
rendering an opinion, contains the reasoning of the investigator by which each opinion was
reached, and meets the needs or requirements of the intended audience(s).
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Elements of writing, typical components of a written report, and
types of audiences and their respective needs or requirements.
(B) Requisite Skills. Writing skills, ability to analyze information and determine the reader’s
needs or requirements.
501-16.1 The Investigator candidate shall describe the purpose of

recording the fire scene.
501-16.2 The Investigator candidate shall describe the purpose of fire

scene photography and the importance of timing.
16.2.1 General
16.2.2 Timing
16.2.3 Basics
16.2.3.1 Types of cameras
16.2.4 Understanding the parts of a camera

16.2.4.1 Lenses
16.2.4.2 Focal length
16.2.4.3 Depth of field
16.2.4.4 Filters
16.2.4.5 Shutter speed
16.2.5 Lighting

16.2.6 Special types of photography

16.2.6.1 Composition and techniques
16.2.6.2 Sequential photographs
16.2.6.3 Mosaic photographs
16.2.6.4 Photo diagram
16.2.6.5 Assisting photographer
16.2.6.6 Photography and the courts
16.2.7 Video
16.2.8 Suggested activities to be documented

16.2.8.1 During the fire
16.2.8.2 Overhaul
16.2.8.3 Bystander photographs
16.2.8.4 Exterior photographs
16.2.8.5 Structural photographs
16.2.8.6 Interior photographs
16.2.8.7 Utility photographs
16.2.8.8 Evidence photographs
16.2.8.9 Victim photographs
16.2.8.10 Witness viewpoint photographs
16.2.8.11 Aerial photographs
16.2.8.12 Satellite imagery
16.2.9 Photography tips
16.2.10 Presentation of photographs
501-16.3 The Investigator candidate shall describe the importance of

note taking.
16.3.1 Forms of incident field notes
16.3.2 Forms for collecting data
16.3.3 Dictation of field notes
501-16.4 The Investigator candidate shall explain the importance of

diagrams and drawings.
16.4.1 Types of drawings

16.4.1.1 Sketches
16.4.1.2 Diagrams

16.4.2 Selection of drawings
16.4.3 Drawing tools and equipment
16.4.4 Diagram elements

16.4.4.1 General information
16.4.4.2 Identification of compass orientation
16.4.4.3 Scale
16.4.4.4 Symbols
16.4.4.5 Legend
16.4.5 Drawings
16.4.5.1 Site or area plan
16.4.5.2 Floor plans
16.4.5.3 Elevations
16.4.5.4 Details and sections
16.4.5.5 Exploded view diagrams
16.4.5.6 Three-dimensional representations
16.4.5.7 Specialized fire investigation diagrams
16.4.6 Prepared design and construction drawings

16.4.6.1 General
16.4.6.2 Architectural and engineering drawings
16.4.6.3 Architectural and engineering schedules
16.4.6.4 Specifications
16.4.6.5 Appliance and building equipment
501-16.5 The Investigator candidate must understand the purpose of

the report to effectively communicate the observations
analyses and conclusions made during an investigation.
16.5.1 Purpose
16.5.2 Report organization
16.5.3 Descriptive information
16.5.4 Opinions and conclusions
16.5.5 Pertinent facts
16.5.6 Reference to methodology
**Note: The following part of Section 16 does not come from NFPA 921**


process of preparing and completing a final, accurate and
concise report.
1) National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS) forms
2) Fire reports required by the AHJ

SECTION 17
PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

scene, and/or conducting a comprehensive review of documentation generated during the
examination(s) of the scene if the scene is no longer available, so as to determine the area or
point of origin, source of ignition, material(s) ignited, and act or activity that brought the ignition
source and materials together and to assess the subsequent progression, extinguishment, and
containment of the fire.
NFPA 1033 4.2.1 Secure the fire ground, given marking devices, sufficient personnel, and
special tools and equipment, so that unauthorized persons can recognize the perimeters of the
investigative scene and are kept from restricted areas and all evidence or potential evidence is
protected from damage or destruction.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Fire ground hazards, types of evidence, and the importance of fire
scene security, evidence preservation, and issues relating to spoliation.
(B) Requisite Skills. Use of marking devices.
(B) Requisite Skills. Employ search techniques that further the discovery of fire cause
evidence and ignition sources, use search techniques that incorporate documentation, and
collect and preserve evidence.
4.3 Documenting the Scene.

NFPA 1033 4.3.1 Diagram the scene, given standard tools and equipment, so that the scene is
accurately represented and evidence, pertinent contents, significant patterns, and area(s) or
point(s) of origin are identified.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Commonly used symbols and legends that clarify the diagram,
types of evidence and patterns that need to be documented, and formats for diagramming the
scene.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to sketch the scene, basic drafting skills, and evidence recognition
and observational skills.

Duties shall include using proper physical and legal procedures to retain evidence required
within the investigation.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Types of evidence associated with fire victims and fatalities and
(B) Requisite Skills. Observational skills and the ability to apply protocols to given situations.
NFPA 1033 4.4.2* Locate, collect, and package evidence, given standard or special tools and
equipment and evidence collection materials, so that evidence is identified, preserved,
collected, and packaged to avoid contamination and investigator-inflicted damage and the chain
of custody is established.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Types of evidence, authority requirements, impact of removing
evidentiary items on civil or criminal proceedings (exclusionary or fire-cause supportive
evidence), types, capabilities, and limitations of standard and special tools used to locate
evidence, types of laboratory tests available, packaging techniques and materials, and impact of
evidence collection on the investigation.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to recognize different types of evidence and determine whether
evidence is critical to the investigation.
NFPA 1033 4.4.3 Select evidence for analysis given all information from the investigation, so
that items for analysis support specific investigation needs.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Purposes for submitting items for analysis, types of analytical
services available, and capabilities and limitations of the services performing the analysis.
(B) Requisite Skills. Evaluate the fire incident to determine forensic, engineering, or laboratory
needs.
NFPA 1033 4.4.4 Maintain a chain of custody, given standard investigative tools, marking tools,
and evidence tags or logs, so that written documentation exists for each piece of evidence and
evidence is secured.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Rules of custody and transfer procedures, types of evidence (e.g.,
physical evidence obtained at the scene, photos, and documents), and methods of recording
the chain of custody.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to execute the chain of custody procedures and accurately
complete necessary documents.
NFPA 1033 4.4.5 Dispose of evidence, given jurisdictional or agency regulations and file
information, so that the disposal is timely, safely conducted, and in compliance with
jurisdictional or agency requirements.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Disposal services available and common disposal procedures and
problems.
(B) Requisite Skills. Documentation skills.
501-17.1 The Investigator candidate shall describe the recommended

and accepted methods of processing physical evidence.

501-17.2 The Investigator candidate shall define physical evidence.
501-17.3 The Investigator candidate shall describe the importance of

preservation of the fire scene and physical evidence.
17.3.1 General
17.3.2 Fire patterns as physical evidence
17.3.3 Artifact evidence
17.3.4 Protecting evidence
17.3.5 Role and responsibility of fire suppression personnel in

preserving the fire scene
17.3.5.1 General
17.3.5.2 Preservation
17.3.5.3 Caution in fire suppression operations
17.3.5.3.1 Use of water lines and hose
streams
17.3.5.3.2 Overhaul
17.3.5.3.3 Salvage
17.3.5.3.4 Movement of knobs and switches
17.3.5.3.5 Use of power tools
17.3.5.3.6 Limiting access of firefighters and
other emergency personnel
17.3.6 Roles and responsibilities of the fire investigator
17.3.7 Practical considerations
501-17.4 The Investigator candidate shall describe contamination of

physical evidence.
17.4.1 Contamination of evidence containers
17.4.2 Contamination during collection
17.4.3 Contamination by fire fighters
501-17.5 The Investigator candidate shall describe methods of

collection.

17.5.1 General
17.5.2 Documenting the collection of physical evidence
17.5.3 Collection of traditional forensic physical evidence
17.5.4 Collection of evidence for accelerant testing

17.5.4.1 Liquid accelerant characteristics
17.5.4.2 Canine/handler teams
17.5.4.3 Collection of liquid samples for ignitable liquid
testing
17.5.4.4 Collection of liquid evidence absorbed by solid
materials
17.5.4.5 Collection of solid samples for accelerant
testing
17.5.4.6 Comparison samples
17.5.4.7 Canine teams
17.5.5 Collection of gaseous samples
17.5.6 Collection of electrical equipment and system

components
17.5.7 Collection of appliances or small electrical equipment
501-17.6 The Investigator candidate shall identify and describe different

types of evidence containers.
17.6.1 General
17.6.2 Liquid and solid accelerant evidence containers

17.6.2.1 Metal cans
17.6.2.2 Glass jars
17.6.2.3 Special evidence bags
17.6.2.4 Common plastic bags
501-17.7 The Investigator candidate shall describe the methods of

identifying physical evidence.
501-17.8 The Investigator candidate shall describe the proper methods

of transportation and storage of physical evidence.
17.8.1 Hand delivery

17.8.2 Shipment
17.8.3 Storage of evidence

evidence chain of custody of physical evidence.
501-17.10 The Investigator candidate shall identify types of analytical

methods and tests applicable to certain fire investigations, and
the capabilities and limitations of the services that perform the
analysis.
17.10.1 Evidence collection or inspections involving alteration

without changes to the evidentiary value of the artifacts
17.10.2 Test methods
17.10.3 Sufficiency of samples
17.10.4 Comparative examination and testing
501-17.11 The Investigator candidate shall describe the proper

procedure for evidence disposition.

SECTION 18
ORIGIN DETERMINATION

source of ignition, material(s) ignited, and act or activity that brought the ignition source and
of the fire.
NFPA 1033 4.2.2* Conduct an exterior survey, given standard equipment and tools, so that
evidence is identified and preserved, fire damage is interpreted, hazards are identified to avoid
injuries, accessibility to the property is determined, and all potential means of ingress and
egress are discovered.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. The types of building construction and the effects of fire on
construction materials, types of evidence commonly found in the perimeter, evidence
preservation methods, the effects of fire suppression, fire behavior and spread, fire patterns,
and a basic awareness of the dangers of hazardous materials.
(B) Requisite Skills. Assess fire ground and structural condition, observe the damage from and
effects of the fire, and interpret fire patterns.
NFPA 1033 4.2.3 Conduct an interior survey, given standard equipment and tools, so that areas
of potential evidentiary value requiring further examination are identified and preserved, the
evidentiary value of contents is determined, and hazards are identified in order to avoid injuries.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. The types of building construction and interior finish and the effects
of fire on those materials, the effects of fire suppression, fire behavior and spread, evidence
preservation methods, fire patterns, effects of building contents on fire growth, the relationship
of building contents to the overall investigation, weather conditions at the time of the fire, and
fuel moisture.
(B) Requisite Skills. Assess structural conditions, observe the damage and effects of the fire,
discover the impact of fire suppression efforts on fire flow and heat propagation, and evaluate
protected areas to determine the presence and/or absence of contents.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to interpret variations of fire patterns on different materials with
consideration given to heat release rate, form, and ignitibility; distinguish impact of different
types of fuel loads; evaluate fuel trails; and analyze and synthesize information.

matrixing).
501-18.1 The Investigator candidate shall identify the following sources

used in origin determination.
18.1.1 Witness information and/or electronic data
18.1.2 Fire patterns
18.1.3 Arc mapping
18.1.4 Fire dynamics

overall methodology of conducting a scene assessment.
18.2.1 Scientific method
18.2.3 Sequential pattern analysis
18.2.4 Systematic procedure
18.2.5 Recommended methodology
501-18.3 The Investigator candidate shall identify the data collection

process for origin determination.
18.3.1 Initial scene assessment

18.3.1.1 Safety assessment
18.3.1.2 Scope of the examination
18.3.1.3 Order of the examination
18.3.1.4 Surrounding areas
18.3.1.5 Structure exterior
18.3.1.6 Structure interior

18.3.1.7 Post-fire alterations

18.3.1.8 Determination of the safety of the fire scene
18.3.2 Excavation and reconstruction

18.3.2.1 Scope of excavation and reconstruction
18.3.2.2 Safety
18.3.2.3 Excavation
18.3.2.4 Heavy equipment
18.3.2.5 Avoiding spoliation
18.3.2.6 Avoiding contamination
18.3.2.7 Washing floors
18.3.2.8 Contents
18.3.3 Additional data collection activities for origin

determination
18.3.3.1 Pre-fire conditions
18.3.3.2 Description of fuels
18.3.3.3 Structure dimensions
18.3.3.4 Building systems and ventilation
18.3.3.5 Weather conditions
18.3.3.6 Electrical systems
18.3.3.7 Electrical loads
18.3.3.8 HVAC systems
18.3.3.9 Fuel gas systems
18.3.3.10 Liquid fuel systems
18.3.3.11 Fire protection systems
18.3.3.12 Fire protection systems data
18.3.3.13 Security cameras
18.3.3.14 Intrusion alarm systems
18.3.3.15 Witness observations
501-18.4 The Investigator candidate shall recognize the importance of

analyzing the following data.
18.4.1 Fire patterns analysis

18.4.1.1 Consideration of all patterns
18.4.1.2 Sequence of patterns
18.4.1.3 Pattern generation
18.4.1.4 Ventilation
18.4.1.5 Movement and intensity patterns
18.4.1.6 Evaluation of every pattern
18.4.2 Heat and flame vector analysis

18.4.2.1 Complementary vectors

18.4.2.2 Heat source

18.4.2.3 Additional tools for pattern visualization
18.4.3 Depth of char analysis

18.4.3.1 Depth of char diagram
18.4.3.2 Measuring depth of char
18.4.3.3 Location of measurements
18.4.3.4 Missing wood
18.4.3.5 Depth of char surveys with fuel gases
18.4.4 Depth of calcination survey

18.4.4.1 Depth of calcination diagram
18.4.4.2 Measuring depth of calcination
18.4.5 Arc surveys or arc mapping

18.4.5.1 Suggested procedure
18.4.5.2 Arc survey diagrams
18.4.5.3 Documenting arc sites
18.4.5.4 Arc survey evidence collection
18.4.5.5 Arc survey utilization
18.4.5.6 Arc survey limitations
18.4.6 Analysis of sequential events
18.4.7 Fire dynamics
18.4.8 Origin matrix analysis
501-18.5 The Investigator candidate shall identify the process of

developing an origin hypothesis.
18.5.1 Initial hypothesis
18.5.2 Modifying the initial hypothesis
501-18.6 The Investigator candidate shall identify the proper scientific

method of testing of origin hypotheses.
18.6.1 Means of hypothesis testing
18.6.2 Analytical techniques and tools

18.6.2.1 Time line analysis
18.6.2.2 Fire modeling
18.6.2.3 Experimental testing

501-18.7 The Investigator candidate shall select a final hypothesis.
18.7.1 Defining the area of origin
18.7.2 Inconsistent data
18.7.3 Case file review
501-18.8 The Investigator candidate shall identify when there is

insufficient data to define the origin.
18.8.1 Large area adequate for determination
18.8.2 Justification of a large area of origin
18.8.3 Eyewitness evidence of origin area

SECTION 19
FIRE CAUSE DETERMINATION

(A) Requisite Knowledge. Analytical methods and procedures (e.g., hypothesis development
matrixing).
(B) Requisite Skills. Analytical and assimilation skills.
501-19.1 The Investigator candidate shall define fire cause and identify
fire cause factors.
19.1.1 Fire cause factors
19.1.2 First fuel ignited
19.1.3 Ignition source
19.1.4 Oxidant
501-19.2 The Investigator candidate shall utilize the scientific method

as the overall methodology.
19.2.1 Consideration of data
19.2.3 Point and area of origin
501-19.3 The Investigator candidate shall identify the data that needs to
be collected for fire cause determination.
19.3.1 Identify fuels in the area of origin
19.3.2 Identify source and form of the heat of ignition

19.3.3 Identify items and activities in area of origin
19.3.4 Identify the oxidant
19.3.5 Identify ignition sequence data
501-19.4 The Investigator candidate shall demonstrate the proper use of

the scientific method to analyze the data.
19.4.1 Fuel analysis

19.4.1.1 Geometry and orientation
19.4.1.2 Ignition temperature
19.4.1.3 Quantity of fuel
19.4.2 Ignition source analysis
19.4.3 Oxidant
501-19.5 The Investigator candidate shall develop a cause hypothesis.
501-19.6 The Investigator candidate shall test the cause hypothesis.
19.6.1 Using the scientific method
19.6.2 Deductive reasoning
19.6.3 Hypothesis testing questions
19.6.4 Means of hypothesis testing

19.6.4.1 Scientific literature
19.6.4.2 Fundamental principles of science
19.6.4.3 Physical experiments of testing
19.6.4.4 Cognitive experiments
19.6.4.5 Time lines
19.6.4.6 Fault trees
19.6.4.7 Additional techniques
19.6.5 Appropriate use of the process of elimination

19.6.5.1 Cause undetermined
19.6.5.2 Ignition source vs. fire cause

501-19.7 The Investigator candidate shall demonstrate the proper

selection of a final hypothesis.
19.7.1 Establishing the cause
19.7.2 Inconsistent data
19.7.3 Safety devices and features
19.7.4 Undetermined fire cause

SECTION 20
CLASSIFICATON OF FIRE CAUSE
4.2. Scene Examination
(B) Requisite Skills. Employ search techniques that further the discovery of fire cause evidence
and ignition sources, use search techniques that incorporate documentation, and collect and
preserve evidence.
501-20.1 The Investigator candidate shall describe the classifications of

fire cause.
20.1.1 Accidental fire cause classification
20.1.2 Natural fire cause classification
20.1.3 Incendiary fire cause classification
20.1.4 Undetermined fire cause classification

SECTION 21
ANALYZING THE INCIDENT FOR CAUSE AND RESPONSIBILITY

discovered.
NFPA 1033 4.6.4 Establish evidence as to motive and/or opportunity, given an incendiary fire,
the jurisdiction.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Types of motives common to incendiary fires, methods used to
discover opportunity, and human behavioral patterns relative to fire-setting
(B) Requisite Skills. Financial analysis, records gathering and analysis, interviewing, and

matrixing).
501-21.1 The Investigator candidate shall describe methods for

analyzing the incident for cause and responsibility.
21.1.1 (1) The cause of the fire or explosion.
(2) The cause of damage to property resulting from the

incident.
(3) The cause of bodily injury or loss of life.
(4) The degree to which human fault contributed to any

one or more of the causal issues described in (1), (2),
and (3).
21.1.2 The cause of a fire or the causes of damage or casualties

may be grouped in broad categories for general
discussion, for assignment of legal responsibility or
culpability, or for reporting purposes.
501-21.2 See Chapter 20.
501-21.3 The Investigator candidate shall describe the causes of

damage to property resulting from the Incident.
21.3.1 Considerations
21.3.2 Fire / smoke spread

21.3.2.2 Change of occupancy/hazard
21.3.2.3 Detection/alarm systems
21.3.2.4 Human behavior
21.3.2.5 Fire suppression
21.3.2.6 Fuel loads
21.3.2.9 Code violations
21.3.2.10 Structural failure
21.3.3 Other consequential damage

501-21.4 The Investigator candidate shall describe the causes of bodily

injury or loss of life. See Chapters 11 and 25.
21.4.1 Fire/smoke spread

21.4.1.1 Toxicity
21.4.1.2 Hazardous materials
21.4.1.4 Change of occupancy/hazard
21.4.1.5 Detection/alarm systems
21.4.1.6 Human behavior
21.4.1.7 Fire suppression
21.4.1.9 Fuel loads
21.4.1.11 Code violations
21.4.1.12 Means of egress/refuge
21.4.1.13 Structural failure
21.4.1.14 Intentional acts
21.4.2 Emergency preparedness
501-21.5 The Investigator candidate shall describe the determination of

responsibility.
21.5.1 Nature of responsibility
21.5.2 Definition of responsibility
21.5.3 Assessing of responsibility
21.5.4 Degrees of responsibility

SECTION 22
FAILURE ANALYSIS AND ANALYTICAL TOOLS

discovered.
the jurisdiction.

matrixing).
501-22.1 The Investigator candidate shall describe failure analysis and

the use of analytical tools.
501-22.2 The Investigator candidate shall describe time lines available

for use in analyzing fire cause.
22.2.1 General
22.2.2 Hard time (actual)
22.2.3 Soft time (estimated)
22.2.4 Benchmark events
22.2.5 Multiple time lines
501-22.3 The Investigator candidate shall describe system analysis

techniques.
22.3.1 Fault trees
22.3.2 Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
501-22.4 The Investigator candidate shall describe the purpose for

mathematical modeling.
22.4.1 General and limitations of mathematical modeling
22.4.2 Heat transfer analysis
22.4.3 Flammable gas concentrations
22.4.4 Hydraulic analysis
22.4.5 Thermodynamic chemical equilibrium analysis
22.4.6 Structural analysis
22.4.7 Egress analysis

22.4.8 Fire dynamics analysis
22.4.9 Guidelines for selection and use of a fire model
501-22.5 The Investigator candidate shall describe the role of fire

testing.
22.5.1 Role of fire testing
22.5.2 Fire test methods
22.5.3 Limitations of fire testing
501-22.6 The Investigator candidate shall identify the data required for
modeling and testing.
22.6.1 Materials and contents
22.6.2 Ventilation

SECTION 23
EXPLOSIONS

Duties shall include inspecting and evaluating the fire scene, or evidence of the scene, and/or
of the fire.
NFPA 1033 4.2.9 Discriminate the effects of explosions from other types of damage, given
standard equipment and tools, so that an explosion is identified and its evidence is preserved.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Different types of explosions and their causes, characteristics of an
explosion, and the difference between low- and high-order explosions.
(B) Requisite Skills. Identify explosive effects on glass, walls, foundations, and other building
materials; distinguish between low- and high-order explosion effects; and analyze damage to
document the blast zone and origin.
501-23.1 The Investigator candidate shall define the term “explosion”.
501-23.2 The Investigator candidate shall identify the different types of

explosions.
23.2.1 Mechanical explosion
23.2.2 Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)
23.2.3 Chemical explosion
23.2.4 Combustion explosion
23.2.5 Electrical explosion
23.2.6 Nuclear explosion
501-23.3 The Investigator candidate shall distinguish between the

characterization of explosion damage.
23.3.1 Low-order damage
23.3.2 High-order damage

501-23.4 The Investigator candidate shall be able to describe the effects

of explosions.
23.4.1 Blast overpressure and wave effect

23.4.1.1 General
23.4.1.2 Positive pressure phase
23.4.1.3 Negative pressure phase
23.4.1.4 Shape of blast wave (front)
23.4.1.5 Rate of pressure rise versus maximum
pressure
23.4.2 Shrapnel effect (projectiles)
23.4.3 Thermal effect
23.4.4 Seismic effect (ground shock)
501-23.5 The Investigator candidate shall identify the factors controlling

explosion effects.
23.5.1 Fuel
23.5.2 Turbulence
23.5.3 Nature of confining space
23.5.4 Location and magnitude of ignition source
23.5.5 Venting
23.5.6 Blast pressure wave (blast pressure front) modification by

reflection
23.5.7 Blast pressure front modification by refraction and blast

focusing
501-23.6 The Investigator candidate shall be able to identify a seated

explosion.
23.6.1 General
23.6.2 Explosives
23.6.3 Boiler and pressure vessels

23.6.4 Confined fuel gas and liquid vapor
23.6.5 Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)
501-23.7 The Investigator candidate shall be able to identify a non-

seated explosion.
23.7.1 Fuel gases
23.7.2 Pool flammable/combustible liquids
23.7.3 Dusts
23.7.4 Backdraft (smoke explosion)
501-23.8 The Investigator candidate shall be able to describe the

characteristics of gas/vapor explosions.
23.8.1 Ignition of gases and vapors
23.8.2 Interpretation of explosion damage

23.8.2.1 Fuel-air ratio
23.8.2.2 Specific gravity (air) (vapor density)
23.8.3 Underground migration of fuel gases
23.8.4 Multiple explosions
501-23.9 The Investigator candidate shall describe the characteristics of

dust explosions.
23.9.1 General
23.9.2 Particle size
23.9.3 Concentration
23.9.4 Turbulence in dust explosions
23.9.5 Moisture
23.9.6 Minimum temperature and ignition energy for dust

23.9.7 Multiple explosions
501-23.10 The Investigator candidate shall be able to describe backdraft

(smoke explosions).
501-23.11 The Investigator candidate shall be able to identify an outdoor

vapor cloud explosion.
501-23.12 The Investigator candidate shall be able to distinguish the two

types of explosives.
23.12.1 Low explosives
23.12.2 High explosives
501-23.13 The Investigator candidate shall describe the complexity of the

investigation of explosive incidents.
501-23.14 The Investigator candidate shall be able to investigate the

explosion scene.
23.14.1 General
23.14.2 Securing the scene

23.14.2.1 Establishing the scene
23.14.2.2 Obtain background information
23.14.2.3 Establish the scene search pattern
23.14.2.4 Safety at the explosion scene
23.14.3 Initial scene assessment

23.14.3.1 General
23.14.3.2 Identify explosion or fire
23.14.3.3 Document damage
23.14.3.4 Seated or nonseated explosion
23.14.3.5 Identify type of explosion
23.14.3.6 Identify potential general fuel type
23.14.3.7 Establish the origin
23.14.3.8 Establish ignition source
23.14.4 Detailed scene assessment

23.14.4.1 Identify damage effects of explosion
23.14.4.2 Identify pre-blast and post-blast fire
damage
23.14.4.3 Locate and identify articles of evidence

23.14.4.4 Identify force vectors
501-23.15 The Investigator candidate shall analyze the origin (epicenter)

of an explosion scene.
501-23.16 The Investigator candidate shall analyze a fuel source.
501-23.17 The Investigator candidate shall analyze the ignition source.
501-23.18 The Investigator candidate shall analyze to establish cause.
23.18.1 General
23.18.2 Time line analysis
23.18.3 Damage pattern analysis

23.18.3.1 Debris analysis
23.18.3.2 Relative structural damage analysis
23.18.4 Correlation of explosion type and energy with damage

incurred
23.18.5 Analysis of damaged items and structures
23.18.6 Correlation of thermal effects

SECTION 24
INCENDIARY FIRES

the jurisdiction.
matrixing).
501-24.1 The Investigator candidate shall define “incendiary” fires.

indicators of incendiary fires.
24.2.1 Multiple fires
24.2.2 Trailers
24.2.3 Lack of expected fuel load and ignition sources
24.2.4 Exotic accelerants
24.2.5 Unusual fuel load or configuration
24.2.6 Burn injuries
24.2.7 Incendiary devices

501-24.3 The Investigator candidate shall identify and explain potential

indicators of incendiary fires not directly related to
combustion.
24.3.1 Remote locations with view blocked or obscured
24.3.2 Forced entry
24.3.3 Fires near service equipment and appliances
24.3.4 Removal or replacement of contents prior to the fire

24.3.4.1 Replacement
24.3.4.2 Removal
24.3.4.3 Absence of personal items prior to the fire
24.3.5 Entry blocked or obstructed
24.3.6 Sabotage to the structure or fire protection systems

24.3.6.1 Definition of sabotage
24.3.6.2 Damage to fire-resistive assemblies
24.3.6.3 Damage to fire protection systems
24.3.7 Open windows and exterior doors
501-24.4 The Investigator candidate shall identify and describe other

evidentiary factors associated with incendiary fires.
24.4.1 Evidentiary factors that should be recorded and

examined
24.4.2 Analysis of confirmed incendiary fires

24.4.2.1 Geographic areas or clusters
24.4.2.2 Temporal frequency
24.4.2.3 Materials and method
24.4.3 Evidence of other crimes, crime concealment
24.4.4 Indications of financial stress
24.4.5 Existing or history of code violations
24.4.6 Owner with fires at other properties
24.4.7 Overinsurance

24.4.8 Timed opportunity

24.4.8.1 Fires during severe natural conditions
24.4.8.2 Fires during civil unrest
24.4.8.3 Fire department unavailable
24.4.9 Motives for firesetting behavior

24.4.9.1 Define “motive”
24.4.9.2 Motive versus intent
24.4.9.3 Classifications of motive
24.4.9.3.1 Introduction
24.4.9.3.2 Vandalism
24.4.9.3.2.1 Willful and
malicious mischief
24.4.9.3.2.2 Peer or group
pressure
24.4.9.3.3 Excitement
a. Thrill seeking
b. Attention seeking
c. Recognition
d. Sexual gratification or
perversion
24.4.9.3.4 Revenge
a. Personal retaliation
b. Societal retaliation
c. Institutional retaliation
d. Group retaliation
24.4.9.3.5 Crime Concealment
a. Murder concealment
b. Burglary concealment
c. Destruction of records or
documents
24.4.9.3.6 Profit
24.4.9.3.7 Extremism
a. Terrorism
b. Riot/civil disturbance

SECTION 25
FIRE AND EXPLOSION DEATHS AND INJURIES

Duties shall include using proper physical and legal procedures to identify, document, collect
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Types of evidence associated with fire victims and fatalities and
(B) Requisite Skills. Observational skills and the ability to apply protocols to given situations.
501-25.1 The Investigator candidate shall demonstrate the ability to

utilize specialized skills associated with death and injuries
from fire and explosions.
501-25.2 The Investigator candidate shall identify the mechanisms of

death and injury.
25.2.1 Carbon monoxide
25.2.2 Cyanide
25.2.3 Other toxic gases
25.2.4 Hyperthermia
25.2.5 Skin burns
25.2.6 Inhalation of hot gases
25.2.7 Soot and smoke
25.2.8 Hypoxia
25.2.9 Sublethal inhalation exposure effects on the individual

25.2.9.1 Narcotic gases
25.2.9.2 Irritant gases
25.2.9.3 Smoke
25.2.10 Explosion related injuries

25.2.10.1 Blast pressure injuries

25.2.10.2 Shrapnel injuries
25.2.10.3 Thermal injuries
25.2.10.4 Building collapse injuries
501-25.3 The Investigator candidate shall describe the consumption of

the body by fire.
25.3.1 Skin
25.3.2 Muscle
25.3.3 Bone
25.3.4 Fat
501-25.4 The Investigator candidate shall describe the postmortem

changes that a deceased body will undergo when exposed to
heat and to death.
25.4.1 Lividity
25.4.2 Rigor mortis
501-25.5 The Investigator candidate shall describe the considerations

to be made before the investigation of a fatal fire.
25.5.1 Notifications
25.5.2 The fire department
25.5.3 Team investigation
25.5.4 Safety
25.5.5 Scene documentation
25.5.6 Victim documentation
25.5.7 Recovery of bodies and evidence

25.5.7.1 Layering of debris
25.5.7.2 Sifting of debris
25.5.7.3 Body removal
25.5.7.4 Victim clothing

25.5.8 Collection of other physical evidence
501-25.6 The Investigator candidate shall describe the steps of

investigating fire scenes with injuries.
25.6.1 Notification laws
25.6.2 Scene documentation
25.6.3 Victim documentation
25.6.4 Victim timeline
25.6.5 Physical evidence
501-25.7 The Investigator candidate shall describe the documentation

of an explosion incident where injury and/or death has
occurred.
25.7.1 Collecting physical evidence from explosions
501-25.8 The Investigator candidate shall describe post scene

investigation of injuries.
25.8.1 Burns
25.8.1.1 Degree of burns
25.8.1.2 Body area (distribution)
25.8.2 Inhalation medical evidence
25.8.3 Hospital tests and documentation
25.8.4 Access to medical evidence
501-25.9 The Investigator candidate shall describe the fire death

pathological and toxicological examination.
25.9.1 The coroner or medical examiner
25.9.2 Identifying the remains

25.9.2.1 Human vs. animal remains
25.9.2.2 Visual identification
25.9.2.3 Identification by clothing and personal effects

25.9.2.4 Fingerprint identification

25.9.2.5 X-ray identification
25.9.2.6 DNA identification
25.9.3 X-ray examination
25.9.4 Carbon monoxide levels
25.9.5 Cyanide levels
25.9.6 Presence of other toxicants
25.9.7 Smoke and soot exposure
25.9.8 Burns
25.9.9 Physical trauma and wounds
25.9.10 Stomach contents
25.9.11 Internal body temperature
25.9.12 Pre-existing medical conditions
25.9.13 Death pre-fire
25.9.14 Death from a medical condition
501-25.10 The Investigator candidate shall describe how to analyze the

data developed from the death or injury investigation and
correlate it with the other data from the investigation.
25.10.1 Timeline development
25.10.2 Victim activity
25.10.3 Pre-fire victim impairment
25.10.4 Medical history
25.10.6 Burns

25.10.7 Clothing
25.10.8 Applications of toxicology in fire investigation

25.10.8.1 Toxicological analysis techniques
25.10.8.2 Physiological models
25.10.8.2.1 The Steward Equation
25.10.8.2.2 The Colburn Forster Kane (CFK)
Equation

SECTION 26
APPLIANCES

Duties shall include inspecting and evaluating the fire scene, or evidence of the scene, and/or
of the fire.
recognized.
(B) Requisite Skills. Determine the system's operation and its effect on the fire; identify
alterations to, and failure indicators of, building systems; and evaluate the impact of
501-26.1 The Investigator candidate shall analyze appliances as it

relates to investigation of the cause of fires.
501-26.2 The Investigator candidate shall record the scene involving an

appliance.
26.2.1 Recording specific appliances
26.2.2 Measurements of the location of the appliances
26.2.3 Positions of appliance controls
26.2.4 Document appliance information
26.2.5 Gathering all of the parts from the appliance
501-26.3 The Investigator candidate shall analyze the origin of fires

involving appliances.
26.3.1 Relationship of the appliance to the origin

26.3.3 Plastic appliance components
26.3.4 Reconstruction of the area of origin
501-26.4 The Investigator candidate shall analyze the cause of fires

involving appliances.
26.4.1 How the appliance generated heat
26.4.2 The use and design of the appliance
26.4.3 Electrical appliances as ignition sources
26.4.4 Photographing appliance disassembly
26.4.5 Obtaining exemplar appliances
26.4.6 Testing exemplar appliances
501-26.5 The Investigator candidate shall describe each of the common

parts or components that might be found in various
appliances.
26.5.1 Appliance housings
26.5.2 Power sources

26.5.2.1 Power cords
26.5.2.2 Voltages less than 120
26.5.2.3 Batteries
26.5.2.4 Overcurrent protection
26.5.3 Switches
26.5.3.1 Manual switches
26.5.3.2 Automatic switches
26.5.4 Solenoids and relays
26.5.5 Transformers
26.5.6 Motors

26.5.7 Heating elements
26.5.8 Lighting
26.5.8.1 Fluorescent lighting systems
26.5.8.2 High intensity discharge lighting systems
26.5.9 Miscellaneous components
501-26.6 The Investigator candidate shall describe the operation and

components of common residential appliances.
26.6.1 Range or oven
26.6.2 Coffee maker
26.6.3 Toaster
26.6.4 Electric can opener
26.6.5 Refrigerator
26.6.6 Dishwasher
26.6.7 Microwave oven
26.6.8 Portable space heater
26.6.9 Electric blanket
26.6.10 Window air conditioner unit
26.6.11 Hair dryer and hair curler
26.6.12 Clothes iron
26.6.13 Clothes dryer
26.6.14 Consumer electronics
26.6.15 Lighting

SECTION 27
MOTOR VEHICLE FIRES

Annex A Explanatory Material
NFPA 1033 A.1.1 The intent of this standard applies to all fire investigation, including outside,
wildland, vehicle, and structural fires.
4.1 General
NFPA 1033 4.1.3 Because fire investigators are required to perform activities in adverse

NFPA 1033 4.2.4 Interpret fire patterns, given standard equipment and tools and some
structural or content remains, so that each individual pattern is evaluated with respect to the
burning characteristics of the material involved and in context and relationship with all patterns
observed in the mechanisms of heat transfer that lead to the formation of the pattern.
release rate, form, and ignitability of materials.
(B) Requisite Skills. Ability to interpret the effects of burning characteristics on different types
of materials.
B) Requisite Skills. Employ search techniques that further the discovery of fire cause evidence
and ignition sources, use search techniques that incorporate documentation, and collect and
preserve evidence.

501-27.1 The Investigator candidate shall describe the factors related to

the investigation of fires involving motor vehicles.
501-27.2 The Investigator candidate shall describe the differences, in

safety related concerns, that burned vehicles pose as
compared to those found in structure fires.
501-27.3 The Investigator candidate shall describe and identify the

different types of fuels that may be involved in vehicle fires.
27.3.1 Ignitable liquids

27.3.1.1 Hot surface ignition
27.3.2 Gaseous fuels
27.3.3 Solid fuels
501-27.4 The Investigator candidate shall describe and identify the

different ignition sources that can be present in vehicle fires.
27.4.1 Open flames
27.4.2 Electrical sources

27.4.2.1 Recreational vehicles
27.4.2.2 Overloaded wiring
27.4.2.3 Electrical high resistance connections
27.4.2.4 Electrical short circuits and arcs (electric
discharge)
27.4.2.5 Arc (carbon) tracking
27.4.2.6 Lamp bulbs and filaments
27.4.2.7 External electrical sources used in vehicles
27.4.3 Hot surfaces
27.4.4 Mechanical sparks
27.4.5 Smoking materials
501-27.5 The Investigator shall identify the different types of systems

that a motor vehicle may possess and their respective
functions.
27.5.1 Fuel system

27.5.1.1 Vacuum/low pressure carbureted systems

27.5.1.2 High-pressure fuel-injected systems
27.5.1.3 Diesel fuel system
27.5.1.4 Natural gas
27.5.1.5 Propane fuel
27.5.1.6 Turbochargers
27.5.2 Emission control system
27.5.3 Motor vehicle electrical systems
27.5.4 Mechanical power systems
27.5.5 Mechanical power distribution (transmissions)
27.5.6 Accessories to the mechanical power system
27.5.7 Hydraulic braking system
27.5.8 Windshield washer systems
501-27.6 The Investigator candidate shall identify the different body

systems that can be found within or upon motor vehicles.
27.6.1 Interior finishes and accessories
27.6.2 Cargo areas
501-27.7 The Investigator candidate shall identify and employ the

proper technique for investigating motor vehicle fires.
27.7.1 Vehicle identification
27.7.2 Vehicle fire scene history
27.7.3 Vehicle particulars
27.7.4 Documenting the vehicle at the fire scene
27.7.5 Documenting the vehicle away from the scene
501-27.8 The Investigator candidate shall identify factors related to the

examination of motor vehicles after they have burned.

27.8.1 General
27.8.2 Examination of vehicle systems
27.8.3 Switches, handles, and levers
501-27.9 The Investigator candidate shall define total burns as it relates

to motor vehicle fires and describe the actions that should be
taken when these types of fires are encountered.
501-27.10 The Investigator candidate shall identify factors related to

incendiary vehicle fires.
501-27.11 The Investigator shall identify components of the vehicle’s

ignition system as they relate to the fire investigation.
501-27.12 The Investigator candidate shall identify factors concerning

vehicle fires in structures and evaluate them as a potential
source of fire ignition.

factors relative to the investigation of recreational vehicle
fires.
501-27.14 The Investigator candidate shall identify the factors related to

fire investigations involving heavy equipment.
27.14.1 Medium and heavy-duty trucks and buses
27.14.2 Mass transit vehicles
27.14.3 Earth-moving equipment
27.14.4 Forestry/logging equipment
27.14.5 Landfill equipment
27.14.6 Agricultural equipment

fire investigations involving self-propelled agricultural
equipment and drawn implements.
27.15.1 Agricultural equipment investigation safety

27.15.2 Equipment classification and description
27.15.3 Unique safety concerns
27.15.4 Unique fire cause concerns
27.15.5 Fuels
27.15.6 Ignition sources
501-27.16 The Investigator candidate shall identify factors related to the

investigation of fires involving hybrid vehicles.
27.16.1 Hybrid vehicle investigation safety
27.16.2 Hybrid vehicle technology
27.16.3 Investigation of hybrid vehicle fires
501-27.17 The Investigator candidate shall identify factors related to

towing or vehicle transport as it relates to fire investigations.
501.27.18 The Investigator candidate shall identify factors related to the

investigation of fires involving hydrogen fueled vehicles.

SECTION 28
WILDFIRE INVESTIGATIONS

501-28.1 The Investigator candidate shall identify the specialized

techniques, practices, equipment, and terminology associated
with the investigation of wildfires.
501-28.2 The Investigator candidate shall identify and describe wildfire

fuels.
28.2.1 Fuel condition analysis
28.2.2 Ground fuels

28.2.2.1 Duff
28.2.2.2 Roots
28.2.3 Surface fuels

28.2.3.1 Fine dead wood
28.2.3.2 Dead leaves and coniferous litter
28.2.3.3 Grass
28.2.3.4 Downed logs, stumps and large limbs
28.2.3.5 Low brush and reproduction
28.2.4 Aerial fuels

28.2.4.1 Tree branches and crowns
28.2.4.2 Tree moss
28.2.4.3 High brush
28.2.5 Species
28.2.6 Fuel size
28.2.7 Fuel moisture content
28.2.8 Oil content

effects of weather on fire spread.

28.3.1 Weather history
28.3.2 Temperature
28.3.3 Relative humidity
28.3.4 Wind influences

28.3.4.1 Meteorological winds
28.3.4.2 Diurnal winds
28.3.4.3 Foehn winds
28.3.4.4 Fire winds
501-28.4 The Investigator candidate shall identify, describe and

interpret the effect of topography on fire spread.
28.4.1 Slope
28.4.2 Aspect
501-28.5 The Investigator candidate shall be able to describe fire shape.
28.5.1 Fire head
28.5.2 Fire flanks
28.5.3 Fire heel
28.5.4 Factors affecting fire spread

28.5.4.1 Lateral confinement
28.5.4.2 Fuel influence
28.5.4.3 Suppression
28.5.5 Other natural mechanisms of fire spread

28.5.5.1 Embers and firebrands
28.5.5.2 Fire storms
28.5.5.3 Animals

indicators of a wildfire.
28.6.1 Wildfire V shaped patterns
28.6.2 Degree of damage

28.6.3 Grass stems
28.6.4 Angle of char
28.6.5 White ash deposit
28.6.6 Cupping
28.6.7 Die out pattern
28.6.8 Exposed and protected fuels
28.6.9 Staining and sooting
28.6.10 Depth of char
28.6.11 Spalling
28.6.12 Foliage freeze
28.6.13 Curling
501-28.7 The Investigator candidate shall identify the area of origin of a

wildfire.
28.7.1 Initial area of investigation
28.7.2 General origin area
28.7.3 General origin investigation techniques
28.7.4 Specific origin investigation techniques
28.7.5 Search equipment
501-28.8 The Investigator shall determine the cause of a wildfire.
28.8.1 Natural causes
28.8.2 Human fire causes
501-28.9 The Investigator candidate shall recognize that evidence

protection, preservation, collection, and documentation at
wildfires are similar to other fires.

501-28.10 The Investigator candidate shall identify special safety

considerations associated with investigation of wildfires.
501-28.11 The Investigator candidate shall identify sources of

information pertaining to wildfire investigation.

SECTION 29
MANAGEMENT OF COMPLEX INVESTIGATIONS
NFPA 1033 4.1 General

NFPA 1033 4.1.6 The fire investigator shall understand the organization and operation of the
investigative team within an incident management system.
501-29.1 The Investigator candidate shall distinguish those issues that

are unique to managing investigations that are complex due to
size, scope, or duration.
29.1.1 Governmental inquiry
29.1.2 Intent
29.1.3 Purpose
29.1.4 Interested parties
29.1.5 Definitions
501-29.2 The Investigator candidate shall describe the basic

information and documents associated with complex
investigations.

communications among interested parties.
29.3.1 Notice to interested parties

29.3.1.1 Entity in control
29.3.1.2 All interested parties
29.3.1.3 Roster of interested parties
29.3.1.4 Notification of changes
29.3.1.5 Making notification
29.3.1.6 Content of notification
29.3.1.7 Subsequent notifications
29.3.2 Meetings
29.3.2.1 Preliminary meeting
29.3.2.2 Meetings as the investigation progresses
29.3.2.3 Website
29.3.2.4 Additional dissemination of information

501-29.4 The Investigator candidate shall recognize the complexity of

the investigation and ensure that all known interested parties
are afforded an opportunity to investigate the incident and
protect their respective interests, understandings or
agreements.
29.4.1 Purposes
29.4.2 Scheduling
29.4.3 Cost sharing
29.4.4 Non-disclosure agreements
29.4.5 Protocols
29.4.6 Information sharing
29.4.7 Interviews
29.4.8 Amendments to agreement
29.4.9 Disagreements

components of managing a complex investigation.
29.5.1 Organizational models
29.5.2 Control of the site and scene

29.5.2.1 Securing the site and scene
29.5.2.2 Delegation of control
29.5.2.3 Transfer of control
29.5.2.4 Site and scene access
29.5.2.5 Site-specific restrictions or requirements
29.5.2.6 Scene integrity
29.5.2.7 Release of information
501-29.6 The Investigator candidate shall recognize the unique

components of handling evidence of a complex investigation.
29.6.1 Evidence control

29.6.1.1 Evidence custodian
29.6.1.2 Interested party responsibility

29.6.2 Evidence removal from the scene
29.6.3 Evidence storage
29.6.4 Evidence inspections

29.6.4.1 Non-destructive inspections
29.6.4.2 Destructive inspections
29.6.4.3 Testing of evidence
501-29.7 The Investigator candidate shall identify logistical support

needs involving the complex investigation.
29.7.1 Transportation
29.7.2 Equipment
29.7.3 Investigation site security
29.7.4 Decontamination
29.7.5 Environmental
29.7.6 Communications
29.7.7 Sanitary and comfort needs
29.7.8 Trash disposal and removal
29.7.9 Snow and ice removal
29.7.10 Lighting
29.7.11 Evidence storage
501-29.8 The Investigator candidate shall distinguish the unique

characteristics of safety at the complex investigation site.

SECTION 30
MARINE FIRE INVESTIGATION


the investigations of fires involving recreational boats.
501-30.2 The Investigator candidate shall define the following terms.
30.2.1 Accommodation space
30.2.2 Adrift
30.2.3 Afloat
30.2.4 Aft
30.2.5 Aground
30.2.6 Beam
30.2.7 Below
30.2.8 Bilge
30.2.9 Boat
30.2.10 Bulkhead
30.2.11 Cabin
30.2.12 Capsize
30.2.13 Chain plate
30.2.14 Deck
30.2.15 Dock
30.2.16 Dorade vent

30.2.17 Fender
30.2.18 Forward
30.2.19 Freeboard
30.2.20 Galley
30.2.21 Gear
30.2.22 Gunwale
30.2.23 Hatch
30.2.24 Hold
30.2.25 Hull
30.2.26 Inboard
30.2.27 Inboard/Out-Drive (I/O)
30.2.28 Outboard
30.2.29 Overboard
30.2.30 Port
30.2.31 Rub Rail
30.2.32 Shore power
30.2.33 Shroud
30.2.34 Sole
30.2.35 Starboard
30.2.36 Superstructure
30.2.37 Topside
30.2.38 Transom

30.2.39 Underway
30.2.40 Vessel
30.2.41 Waterline

boat investigation safety.
30.3.1 Safety assessment
30.3.2 Inspection of boats on land
30.3.3 Inspection of boats afloat
30.3.4 Underwater inspections
30.3.5 Specific safety concerns

30.3.5.1 Confined spaces
30.3.5.1.1 Automatic fire suppression
systems inactive/deactivated
30.3.5.2 Airborne particulates
30.3.5.3 Identify and assess energy sources
30.3.5.3.1 Batteries
30.3.5.3.2 Inverters
30.3.5.3.3 Shore power
30.3.5.4 Fuel leaks
30.3.5.5 Sewage holding tank
30.3.5.6 Hydrogen gas
30.3.5.7 Other hydrocarbon contaminants
30.3.5.8 Stability
30.3.5.9 Damage to the structure of the boat
30.3.5.10 Wharves, docks, and jetties
30.3.5.11 Submerged boat
30.3.5.12 Visual distress signals and pyrotechnics
30.3.6 Openings
501-30.4 The Investigator candidate shall identify the different marine

systems and functions.
30.4.1 Fuel systems: propulsion and auxiliary

30.4.1.1 Vacuum/low pressure carbureted

30.4.1.2 High pressure/marine fuel injection (including

return systems)
30.4.1.3 Diesel
30.4.2 Fuel systems: cooking and heating

30.4.2.1 Liquefied petroleum gases
30.4.2.2 Compressed natural gas
30.4.2.3 Alcohol
30.4.2.4 Solid fuels
30.4.2.5 Diesel
30.4.3 Turbochargers/super chargers
30.4.4 Exhaust system

30.4.4.1 Dry exhaust systems
30.4.4.2 Wet exhaust systems
30.4.4.3 De-watered exhaust systems
30.4.5 Electrical system

30.4.5.1 Alternating current (AC)
30.4.5.2 Direct current (DC)
30.4.6 Engine cooling system
30.4.7 Ventilation
30.4.8 Transmissions
30.4.8.1 Mechanical gear transmissions
30.4.8.2 Hydraulic-geared transmissions
30.4.9 Accessories
501-30.5 The Investigator candidate shall identify the exterior

construction of the vessel.
30.5.1 Hull construction
30.5.2 Superstructure construction material
30.5.3 Deck
30.5.4 Exterior accessories

501-30.6 The Investigator candidate shall identify the interior

construction of the vessel.
30.6.1 Construction materials
30.6.2 Finishes
30.6.2.1 Accommodation furnishings
30.6.2.2 Interior accessories
30.6.2.3 Engine/machinery compartments
30.6.2.4 Flammable/explosive vapor detectors
30.6.2.5 Storage and holds
30.6.2.6 Fuel tanks
501-30.7 The Investigator candidate shall identify the propulsion

system of the vessel.
30.7.1 Electric systems
30.7.2 Fuels for boats with motorized propulsion systems

30.7.2.1 Fuel systems
30.7.2.1.1 Engines
30.7.2.1.1.1 Outboard engines
(outboard motors)
30.7.2.1.1.2 Inboard gasoline
engines
30.7.2.1.1.3 Diesel engines
30.7.2.1.1.4 Propulsion system
fluids
30.7.2.2 Appliance fuel systems
30.7.2.3 Electric generators
30.7.3 Other fuel systems used for propulsion
501-30.8 The Investigator candidate shall identify common ignition

sources found in marine vessels.
30.8.1 Open flames
30.8.2 Electrical sources

30.8.2.1 Overloaded wiring
30.8.2.2 Electrical short circuiting and arcs
30.8.2.3 Electrical connections
30.8.2.4 Lightning
30.8.2.5 Static electricity and incendive arcs

30.8.3 Hot surfaces

30.8.3.1 Manifolds
30.8.3.2 Exhaust systems
30.8.3.3 Cooking surfaces
30.8.3.4 Heating systems
30.8.4 Mechanical
30.8.4.1 Bearing failures
30.8.4.2 Friction
30.8.5 Smoking materials
501-30.9 The Investigator candidate shall describe proper

documentation of the boat fire scene.
30.9.1 On land
30.9.2 In water
30.9.2.1 Moored
30.9.2.2 Anchored and underway
30.9.2.3 Underwater
30.9.3 Boat identification

30.9.3.1 Hull Identification Number (HIN)
30.9.3.2 Registration numbers
30.9.3.3 US Coast Guard documentation numbers
30.9.3.4 Boat name and hailing port
30.9.3.5 Boat history
30.9.3.6 Fire scene history
30.9.3.6.1 Actions before the fire
30.9.3.6.2 Actions during the fire
30.9.3.6.3 Actions after the fire
30.9.4 Boat particulars
501-30.10 The Investigator candidate shall identify the steps of a proper

boat examination.
30.10.1 General
30.10.2 Examination of boat systems

501-30.11 The Investigator candidate shall describe marine fire

investigations of boats in structures.
501-30.12 The Investigator candidate shall describe legal considerations

related to marine fire investigations.

SECTION 31
PRACTICAL EXERCISES
4.7 Presentations.
investigations.
NFPA 1033 4.7.1 Prepare a written report, given investigative findings, documentation, and a
specific audience, so that the report accurately reflects the investigative findings, is concise,
expresses the investigator’s opinion, contains facts and data that the investigator relies on in
rendering an opinion, contains the reasoning of the investigator by which each opinion was
reached, and meets the needs or requirements of the intended audience(s).
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Elements of writing, typical components of a written report, and
types of audiences and their respective needs or requirements.
(B) Requisite Skills. Writing skills, ability to analyze information and determine the reader’s
needs or requirements.
NFPA 1033 4.7.2 Express investigative findings verbally, given investigative findings, notes, a
time allotment, and a specific audience, so that the information is accurate, the presentation is
completed within the allotted time, and the presentation includes only need-to-know information
for the intended audience.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Types of investigative findings, the informational needs of various
types of audiences, and the impact of releasing information.
(B) Requisite Skills. Communication skills and ability to determine audience needs and
correlate findings.
NFPA 1033 4.7.3 Testify during legal proceedings, given investigative findings, contents of
reports, and consultation with legal counsel, so that all pertinent investigative information and
evidence are presented clearly and accurately and the investigator’s demeanor and attire are
appropriate to the proceedings.
(A) Requisite Knowledge. Types of investigative findings, types of legal proceedings,
professional demeanor requirements, and an understanding of due process and legal
proceedings.
(B) Requisite Skills. Communication and listening skills and ability to differentiate facts from
opinion and determine accepted procedures, practices, and etiquette during legal proceedings.
501-31.1 The Investigator candidate shall demonstrate proficiency in all

required skills in the TCFP Fire Investigator Skills Manual.


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CERTIFICATION

Effective January 1, 2015

Texas Commission on Fire Protection

REFERENCE LIST FOR THE

Certification Curriculum Manual. Austin, TX: Texas Commission on Fire

Emergency Response Guidebook, (Current ed.) U.S. Department of

ASTM E620 Standard Practice for Reporting Opinions of Scientific or Technical

FIRE INVESTIGATOR REFERENCE LIST EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

ASTM E678 Standard Practice for Evaluation of Scientific or Technical Data

ASTM E1188 Standard Practice for Collection and Preservation of Information

ASTM E1492 Standard Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and

Evidence Collection & Submission Handbook, (current ed.). Texas Department of

Fire Protection, Detection, and Suppression Systems (5th ed.)(2016). Stillwater,

Fire Protection Handbook (current ed.). National Fire Protection Association.

FIRE INVESTIGATOR REFERENCE LIST EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

NFPA 472: Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous

NFPA 556: Guide on Methods for Evaluating Fire Hazard to Occupants of

NFPA 1037: Standard on Fire Marshal Professional Qualifications (current ed.).

NFPA 1730: Standard on Organization and Deployment of Fire Prevention

Passenger Vehicle Identification Manual (current ed.) National Insurance Crime

Physical Evidence Handbook (current ed.). Texas Department of Public Safety.

FIRE INVESTIGATOR REFERENCE LIST EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward, (current

FIRE INVESTIGATOR REFERENCE LIST EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

501-1 Commission on Fire Protection Rules and 2

TOTAL HOURS RECOMMENDED 160

FIRE INVESTIGATOR OUTLINE EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

SECTION SUBJECT RECOMMENDED HOURS

FIRE INVESTIGATOR PHASE OUTLINE EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

NFPA 1033 MATRIX

2014 LOCATION IN CURRICULUM SKILL

FIRE INVESTIGATOR PAGE 1 EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

Course Instructor Information

The Fire Investigator curriculum is Chapter 5 of the Texas Commission on Fire

Certification Level TCFP Chapter Number NFPA 1033 Chapter

TCFP Standards Manual

Components of the Curriculum

FIRE INVESTIGATOR COURSE INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

4.6 Post-Incident Investigation.

19.1.1 Fire cause factors

19.1.2 First fuel ignited

19.1.3 Ignition source

19.1.5 Ignition sequence

501-19.2 The Investigator candidate shall utilize the scientific method

19.1.1 Consideration of data

19.1.2 Sequence of activities

19.1.3 Point and area of origin

FIRE INVESTIGATOR COURSE INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

Descriptions of Certification Levels

A Fire Investigator is an individual who has demonstrated the skills and

FIRE INVESTIGATOR COURSE INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2015

A Fire Investigator is an individual who has demonstrated the knowledge, skills

COMMISSION ON FIRE PROTECTION

RULES AND REGULATIONS

501-1.1 The Investigator candidate shall describe the purpose of the

1.1.1 NFPA 1033 Standard for Professional Qualifications for

1.1.2 NFPA 921 Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations,

501-1.2 The Investigator candidate shall identify rules applicable to the

1.2.1 The Investigator candidate shall identify the requirements