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    Plasmids

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    Oscar the Grouch
    Plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA and are commonly found in bacteria, carrying genes that provide benefits to the host like antibiotic resistance or toxin production. Plasmids are generally classified as conjugative if they contain genes for transferring themselves between bacteria, or non-conjugative if they cannot self-transfer but can be passed along with the help of conjugative plasmids. Common plasmid types include fertility plasmids which transfer genetic material between bacteria, resistance plasmids which provide antibiotic resistance, virulence plasmids which can turn normally harmless bacteria into pathogens, and degradative plasm

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    Plasmids

    Uploaded by

    Oscar the Grouch
    16 views1 page
    Plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA and are commonly found in bacteria, carrying genes that provide benefits to the host like antibiotic resistance or toxin production. Plasmids are generally classified as conjugative if they contain genes for transferring themselves between bacteria, or non-conjugative if they cannot self-transfer but can be passed along with the help of conjugative plasmids. Common plasmid types include fertility plasmids which transfer genetic material between bacteria, resistance plasmids which provide antibiotic resistance, virulence plasmids which can turn normally harmless bacteria into pathogens, and degradative plasm

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    Plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA and are commonly found in bacteria, carrying genes that provide benefits to the host like antibiotic resistance or toxin production. Plasmids are generally classified as conjugative if they contain genes for transferring themselves between bacteria, or non-conjugative if they cannot self-transfer but can be passed along with the help of conjugative plasmids. Common plasmid types include fertility plasmids which transfer genetic material between bacteria, resistance plasmids which provide antibiotic resistance, virulence plasmids which can turn normally harmless bacteria into pathogens, and degradative plasm

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views1 page

    Plasmids

    Uploaded by

    Oscar the Grouch
    Plasmids are small circular pieces of DNA that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA and are commonly found in bacteria, carrying genes that provide benefits to the host like antibiotic resistance or toxin production. Plasmids are generally classified as conjugative if they contain genes for transferring themselves between bacteria, or non-conjugative if they cannot self-transfer but can be passed along with the help of conjugative plasmids. Common plasmid types include fertility plasmids which transfer genetic material between bacteria, resistance plasmids which provide antibiotic resistance, virulence plasmids which can turn normally harmless bacteria into pathogens, and degradative plasm

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    plasmidsa classes

    plasmids -
    small circular piece of DNA that is different from chromosomal DNA

    -
    replicates independently from chromos anal DNA
    -

    mainly found in bacteria ; also in higher organisms : archaea , multicellular , fungi


    -

    usually carry atleast one


    gene -> host

    2
    plasmid
    Bacterial
    DNA
    &
    * Functions

    -
    contain genes that enhance the survival le g antibiotic resistance ,
    y the organism
    . .

    production y toxins)
    -

    facilitate the process y replication of bacteria


    small ; contains only a few genes of specific function
    -

    GeneralTypes

    Conjugative
    ·

    ↳ contain transfer genes that facilitate the beginning y conjugation


    ·
    Non-conjugative
    ↳ conjugation
    cannot start process ; can only be transferred through sexual
    conjugation
    with the help y conjugative plasmids

    ·
    Fertility (F-plasmids)

    I
    -> contain transfer genes that allow to be transferred from bacteria to another by conjugation
    genes one

    episanes : can be inserted into chromosomal DNA

    +
    + basterium with F-bacterium
    ·
    F bacterium * When an
    conjugates
    F-bacterium it results +bacterium
    ·
    to two

    ·
    Resistance plasmids (R plasmids)
    help bacteria defend against environmental
    ↳
    -> contain genes that factors (e g .
    .
    antibiotics)

    can transfer themselves through conjugation


    · virulence plasmids

    I
    -
    turns

    E .
    coli
    a

    ,
    bacterium into

    S . enterica
    a
    pathogen when present -> causes disease

    Degradative Plasmids

    "
    -help
    3 host bacterium to digest compounds that are not common/foreign in nature
    -> contain genes for special enzymes to breakdown
    specific compounds
    -

    conjugative
    ·
    col plasmids
    ↳ contain make bacterious (proteins that kill other bacteria defense)
    genes that
    -

    * E .
    coli ; plasmid ColE

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