CONTENTS

WHAT IS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS?

INTERNATIONAL BILL OF RIGHTS
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
• POLITICAL RIGHTS
• CIVIL RIGHTS
• SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS
• RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED
BASIS AND PURPOSE OF BILL OF RIGHTS
PHILLIPINE CONSTITUTION OF 1987
SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS
• PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL JUSTICE
• RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS
WHAT IS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS?
• Article 3 of the Philippine constitution is the bill of rights.
• It establishes the relationship of the individual to the
state and defines the right of the individual.
• It is one of the most important political achievement of
the Filipinos.
• It is a declaration and enumeration of persons rights and
privileges which the constitution is designed to protect
against violation of the government or by individual or
group of individuals.
• It is a charter of liberties for the individual and a
limitation upon the power of the state.
 INTERNATIONAL BILL OF RIGHTS
• Human rights in the Philippines are protected by the constitution
of the Philippines, to make sure that person in the Philippines are
able to live peacefully and with dignity, safe from the abuse of
any individuals or institutions, including the state.
• The concept and practice of human rights within the Philippines is
defined by Article 3 of the Philippines Constitution, as well as the
United Nation International Bill of Rights, to which the
Philippines is a signatory.
• The Bill of Rights govern the relationship between the individual
and the state. Its concern is not the relation between individuals,
between a private individual and other individual.

• The Bill of Rights outlines the fundamental rights and freedoms of

Filipino citizens and residents and serves as a crucial component
of the country's legal framework for the protection of individual
liberties.

• Human rights have a primacy over property rights. The rights of

free expression and of assembly occupy a preferred position as
they are essential to the preservation and vitality of civil
institution.
 CLASSIFICATION
OF
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
(ART. III)
1.POLITICAL RIGHTS
• those rights of the citizens which give them the power to
participate, directly or indirectly, in the establishment or
administration of the government. Its include the right to vote,
the right to be elected, the right to take part in public affairs.
2. CIVIL RIGHTS
• The rights that protect the life and liberty of a person, such as
the right to life, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion.
Those rights which the law will enforce at the instance of private
individuals for the purpose of securing to them the enjoyment of
their means of livelihood.
3. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RIGHTS
• those rights which are intended to insure the well-being
and economic security of the individual. It concerns
how people live and work together and the basic
necessities of life.
4. RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED
• those rights intended for the protection of a person who
is accused of any crime. To be presumed innocent until
the contrary is proved beyond reasonable doubt.
BASES AND PURPOSES OF BILL OF RIGHTS
BASES:

1. Protection of Individual Liberties:

• The primary basis of a Bill of Rights is to safeguard the inherent
rights and freedoms of individuals.
• It recognizes that every person has certain fundamental rights
that should not be violated, regardless of their status, and that
these rights are inherent to human beings.
2. Limitation on Government Power:
• A Bill of Rights is often seen as a check on the power of
the government.
• It restricts the government's authority by specifying areas
where it cannot infringe upon or interfere with individual
rights.
• This limitation helps prevent abuses of power and
tyranny.
PURPOSES:

1. Protection of Individual Rights:

• The primary purpose of a Bill of Rights is to protect the basic
rights and freedoms of individuals from infringement by the
government, other individuals, or entities.
• It provides legal mechanisms for individuals to seek redress
when their rights are violated.
2. Promotion of Democracy:
• A Bill of Rights is essential for the functioning of a democratic
society.
• It ensures that citizens have the freedom to express their
opinions, participate in the political process, and hold the
government accountable.
3. Preservation of Human Dignity:
• Bills of Rights affirm the inherent worth and dignity of every
human being.
• They recognize that certain rights, such as the right to life,
freedom from torture, and the right to a fair trial, are
essential to maintaining human dignity.
PHILIPPINES CONSTITUTION 1987
ARTICLE 3
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
Section 1
No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due
process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of
the laws.

Section 2
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and
effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature
and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or
warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be
determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or
affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and
particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or
things to be seized.
Section 3
(1)The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be
inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public
safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law.
(2)Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section
shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding.
Section 4
No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of
expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to
assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.
Section 5
No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and
enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without
discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious
test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights.

Section 6
The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits
prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order
of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in
the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as
may be provided by law.
Section 7
The right of the people to information on matters of public concern
shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents, and
papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well
as to government research data used as basis for policy
development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such
limitations as may be provided by law.
Section 8
The right of the people, including those employed in the public and
private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for
purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.
Section 9
Private property shall not be taken for public use without just
compensation.
Section 10
No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
Section 11
Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate
legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of
poverty.
Section 12
1. Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense
shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent
and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his
own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he
must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except
in writing and in the presence of counsel.
2. No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other
means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret
detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms
of detention are prohibited.
3. Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or
Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him.
Section 13
All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by
reclusion Perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before
conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on
recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall
not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas
corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.
Section 14
1. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due
process of law.
2. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent
until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by
himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the
accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to
meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to
secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in
his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed
notwithstanding the absence of the accused: Provided, that he has been
duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.
Section 15
The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended
except in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety
requires it.
Section 16
All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their
cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.
Section 17
No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
Section 18
1. No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and
aspirations.
2. No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a
crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.
Section 19
1. Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading, or inhuman
punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless, for
compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides
for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion
perpetua.
2. The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against
any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal
facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law.
Section 20
1. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
2. There shall be equality of treatment for all persons before the law.
Section 21
1. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense.
If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under
either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act.
2. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense.
If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under
either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act.
Section 22
1. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.
2. The rights of the accused during trial shall be respected.
Constitutional rights
(social justice
and
human rights)
Social justice and Human Rights
• are interconnected concepts that are fundamental to the
well-being and dignity of individuals and society as a whole.
While they are distinct, they often overlap and complement
each other in various ways.
Social justice
• is a broad and complex concept that encompasses the fair
and equitable distribution of resources, opportunities, and
benefits within society. It seeks to address inequalities and
disparities among individuals and groups, with the goal of
creating a more just and equitable society.
Principles of Social Justice:
• Social justice is guided by principles such as fairness, equality,
equity, inclusion, and the protection of vulnerable and marginalized
populations. It focuses on rectifying historical and systemic injustices.
Human rights
• are fundamental rights and freedoms that are inherent to all
individuals, regardless of their nationality, race, gender, religion, or
other characteristics. These rights are considered universal,
inalienable, and indivisible.
Relationship between Social Justice and Human Rights:
• Complementary Nature
➢ Social justice and human rights are complementary in
that social justice efforts often seek to ensure the
realization and protection of human rights. Social justice
initiatives aim to correct systemic inequalities and
injustices that can impede the full enjoyment of human
rights by all members of society.