Chapter 09 Database Design

Chapter 09: Database Design
1. Systems analysis establishes the need for an information system and its extent.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 440
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO9-1 - LO9-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic
TOPICS: The Information System
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge
2. The term “database development” is used to describe the process of database design and implementation.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 441
3. The primary objective in database design is to create complete, normalized, nonredundant, and fully integrated
conceptual, logical, and physical database models.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 441
4. The implementation phase of database design includes creating the database storage structure and loading the database,
but does not provide for data management.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 441
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1

5. The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) traces the history of an information system.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 442
TOPICS: The Systems Development Life Cycle
6. The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) provides the big picture within which the database design and
application development can be mapped out and evaluated.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 442
7. The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a sequential process rather than an iterative process.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 442
8. The Systems Development Life Cycle's (SDLC's) planning phase yields a general overview of the company and its
objectives.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 442
9. The result of analysis phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) should be a better understanding of the
system's functional areas, actual and potential problems, and opportunities.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 443
10. In the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), problems defined during the planning phase are examined in greater
detail during the analysis phase.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 444
11. The analysis phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) involves a cycle of coding, testing, and
debugging.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 444
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic

12. In the Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC), the design of the system's processes begins in the detailed systems
design phase.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 444
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension
13. In the detailed systems design phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), steps are laid out for the
conversion of a database from an old system to a new system.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 444
14. Training principles and methodologies are planned during the implementation phase of the Systems Development Life
Cycle (SDLC).
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 444
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15. DATA.CORO.15.LO9- - LO9-2
15. The detailed systems design phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) includes all the necessary
technical specifications for the screens, menus, reports, and other devices used to make the system more efficient.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 444
16. During the implementation phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), the hardware, database
management system (DBMS) software, and application programs are installed, and the database design is implemented.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 444
17. The database contents might be loaded interactively or in batch mode using a variety of methods and devices
including customized user programs.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 444
18. The system is subjected to exhaustive testing during the testing phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle
(SDLC).
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 445

19. In the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), after testing is concluded, end-user training is not necessary.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 445
20. A system is always at some stage of SDLC because every request for structural changes requires retracing the steps of
the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 445
21. A system maintenance activity generated in response to changes in the business environment is referred to as
corrective maintenance.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 445
22. The overall purpose of the database initial study is to create the conceptual design.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 446
TOPICS: The Database Life Cycle
23. To analyze the company situation, the database designer must discover what the company's operational components
are, how they function, and how they interact.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 446
24. After the initial declarations in Database Life Cycle (DBLC), the database designer must carefully probe in order to
generate additional information that will help define the problem within the larger framework of company operations.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 448
25. In most modern relational DBMSs, a new database implementation requires the creation of special storage-related
constructs to house the end-user tables.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 454

26. The assignment of access rights may restrict operations on predetermined objects such as databases, tables, views,
queries, and reports.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 454
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Technology
27. Data integrity is enforced by the database management system (DBMS) through the proper use of primary and foreign
key rules.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 454
28. The testing and evaluation phase of the Database Life Cycle (DBLC) occurs after applications programming.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 454
29. Database performance is one of the least important factors in all database implementations.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 454
30. Evaluation of database performance is rendered easier by the fact there are no standards to measure it.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 454
31. The main purpose of a backup is to guarantee database restoration following a hardware or software failure.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 455
32. The database administrator must be prepared to perform routine maintenance activities within the database.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 457
33. Physical design becomes simpler when data is distributed at different locations.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 473
TOPICS: Physical Design
34. Decentralized design is typical of relatively simple, small databases and can be successfully done by a single person.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 474
TOPICS: Centralized Versus Decentralized Design
35. The process of creating an information system is known as _____.

a. systems development b. database development
c. network development d. enterprise development
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 440
36. The traditional Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is divided into _____ phases.
a. two b. three
c. four d. five
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 442


37. Discovery of user requirements, existing system evaluation, and logical system design are part of the _____ phase of
the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
a. planning b. analysis
c. detailed systems design d. implementation
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 442
38. Coding, testing, and debugging are part of the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
c. detailed systems design d. implementation
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 442
39. “Should the existing system be replaced?” is a question that is asked during the _____ stage of the Systems
Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
c. implementation d. maintenance
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 443
40. “What are the requirements of the current system’s end users?” is a question asked during the _____ phase of the
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 443
41. The feasibility study during the planning phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) must address the:
a. requirements of the current system’s end users.
b. problems and constraints related to the company situation.
c. questions about modification and replacement of existing system.

d. technical aspects of hardware and software requirements.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 443
42. The logical systems design is created during the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 444
43. The database contents are loaded during the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
a. analysis b. detailed systems design
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p. 444
44. In DBLC, the phase after the database initial study is _____.
a. operation b. database design
c. database initial study d. implementation and loading
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 445
45. The implementation of _____ applications tends to prolong the operational life of systems by making them easier to
update and maintain.
a. database-produced b. network-produced
c. CASE-produced d. design-produced
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 445
46. The maintenance and evolution phase of the Database Life Cycle (DBLC) involves _____.
a. defining objectives b. introducing changes
c. testing the database d. installing the DBMS
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 446
47. Selecting database management system (DBMS) software is part of the _____ phase of the Database Life Cycle
(DBLC).
a. database initial study b. database design

c. implementation and loading d. testing and evaluation
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 446
48. Producing the required information flow is part of the _____ phase of the Database Life Cycle (DBLC).
a. database initial study b. database design
c. operation d. testing and evaluation
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 446
49. _____ is a technique that creates logical representations of computing resources that are independent of the underlying
physical computing resources.
a. Normalization
b. Virtualization
c. Specialization
d. Generalization
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 451
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Technology
50. The implementation and loading phase of the Database Life Cycle (DBLC) involves _____.
a. defining objectives b. introducing changes
c. testing the database d. installing the DBMS
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p. 451
51. In the context of the database design process, the conceptual design step that defines the fragmentation and allocation
strategy is _____.
a. database analysis and requirements
b. ER modeling and normalization
c. data model verification
d. distributed database design
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 452
52. In the context of the database design process, the conceptual design step that determines end-user views, outputs, and
transaction-processing requirements is _____.
a. data analysis and requirements
b. entity relationship modeling and normalization
c. data model verification
d. distributed database design
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 452
53. _____ can render data useless to unauthorized users who might have violated some of the database security layers.
a. Data encryption
b. Access rights
c. Physical security
d. Password security
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

REFERENCES: p. 454
54. Once the data has been loaded into the database, the _____ tests and fine-tunes the database for performance, integrity,
concurrent access, and security constraints.
a. programmer b. manager
c. database administrator d. systems administrator
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 454
55. In a(n) _____, only the objects that have been updated or modified since the last full backup are backed up.
a. transaction log backup
b. conservative backup
c. differential backup
d. adaptive backup
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 455
56. Which of the following is a hardware-induced database failure?

a. Memory chip errors
b. Viruses
c. Malware
d. Abortion due to deadlock
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 456


57. The last step in the Database Life Cycle (DBLC) is _____.
a. maintenance and evolution b. operation
c. testing and evaluation d. implementation and loading
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 457
58. The first step in developing the conceptual model using ER diagrams is to _____.
a. normalize the entities
b. complete the initial ER diagram
c. identify, analyze, and refine the business rules
d. define the attributes, primary keys, and foreign keys for each of the entities
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 461
TOPICS: Conceptual Design
59. The first step in the ER model verification process is to _____.

a. identify each module and its components
b. identify the ER model's central entity
c. verify all processes against the ER model
d. identify each module's internal transaction requirements
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 465
60. _____ is the process of determining the data storage organization and data access characteristics of the database to
ensure its integrity, security, and performance.
a. Conceptual design b. Network design

c. Logical design d. Physical design
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 471
61. During decentralized design, after the _____ has been completed, all modules are integrated into one conceptual
model.
a. declaration process b. verification process
c. conceptual process d. logical process
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 476
62. A(n) _____ is a carefully designed and constructed repository of facts that is a part of a larger whole known as an
information system.
ANSWER: database
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 440
63. _____ is the process that establishes the need for, and the extent of, an information system.
ANSWER: Systems analysis
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 440
64. The traditional Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) phases are _____, analysis, detailed systems design,
implementation, and maintenance.
ANSWER: planning
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 442
65. An initial assessment of the information flow-and-extent requirements must be made during the _____ portion of the
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
ANSWER: planning
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 442
66. After testing is concluded, the final _____ is reviewed and printed and end users are trained.
ANSWER: documentation
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 445
67. The advent of very sophisticated application generators and _____ has substantially decreased coding and testing time.
ANSWER: debugging tools
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 445
68. The system’s _____ defines the extent of the design according to operational requirements.
ANSWER: scope
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 446
69. The proposed system is subject to limits known as _____, which are external to the system.
ANSWER: boundaries
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 450
70. Making sure that the final product meets user and system requirements is the most critical _____ phase.
ANSWER: Database Life Cycle (DBLC)
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 450
71. _____ are usually provided by the database management system (DBMS) to check for access violations.
ANSWER: Audit trails
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 454
72. Programmers use database tools to _____ the applications during coding of the programs.
ANSWER: prototype
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 454


73. _____ allow end users to access the database without being able to download the information from their workstations.
ANSWER: Diskless workstations
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 454
74. _____ allows the assignment of access rights to specific authorized users.
ANSWER: Password security
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 454
75. The _____ stage uses data modeling to create an abstract database structure that represents real-world objects in the
most realistic way possible.
ANSWER: conceptual design
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 457
76. The first step in _____ is to discover the data element characteristics.
ANSWER: conceptual design
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 459

77. A designer must have a thorough understanding of the company's data types, extent, and uses in order to develop an
accurate _____.
ANSWER: data model
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 459
78. A _____ rule is a brief and precise narrative of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific organization's
environment.
ANSWER: business rule
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 459
79. Because real-world database design is generally done by teams, the database design is probably divided into major
components known as _____.
ANSWER: modules
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 464
80. A _____ is an information system component that handles a specific business function, such as inventory, orders, or
payroll.
ANSWER: module
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 464
81. The term _____ describes the strength of the relationships found among a module’s entities.

ANSWER: cohesivity
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 466
82. When selecting DBMS _____, items to consider include processors, RAM, and disk space.
ANSWER: hardware
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 467
TOPICS: DBMS Software Selection
83. The _____ goal is to design an enterprise-wide database based on a specific data model but independent of physical-
level details.
ANSWER: logical design
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 468
TOPICS: Logical Design
84. _____ could become a very technical job that affects not only the accessibility of the data in the storage device(s) but
also the performance of the system.
ANSWER: Physical design
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 471
85. List and briefly describe the three types of system maintenance activities.
ANSWER: The three types of maintenance activities are:
1. Corrective maintenance in response to systems errors.

2. Adaptive maintenance due to changes in the business environment.

3. Perfective maintenance to enhance the system.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 445
LEARNING OBJECTIVES DATA.CORO.15.LO9-2 - LO9-2
:
NATIONAL STANDARDS United States - BUSPROG: Analytic - BUSPROG: Analytic skills: Statistics and Management
: Science
86. List and describe the different levels at which database backups can be performed.
ANSWER: A full backup, or dump, of the entire database. In this case, all database objects are backed up in their
entirety.
A differential backup of the database, in which only the objects that have been updated or modified
since the last full backup are backed up.
A transaction log backup, which backs up only the transaction log operations that are not reflected in
a previous backup copy of the database. In this case, no other database objects are backed up.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 455
LEARNING OBJE DATA.CORO.15.LO9-3 - LO9-3
CTIVES:
NATIONAL STANDUnited States - BUSPROG: Analytic
ARDS:
87. What are the factors affecting the purchasing decision for DBMS software?
ANSWER: Cost: This includes the original purchase price, along with maintenance, operational, license,
installation, training, and conversion costs.
DBMS features and tools: Some database software includes a variety of tools that facilitate
application development. For example, the availability of query by example (QBE), screen painters,
report generators, application generators, and data dictionaries helps to create a more pleasant work
environment for both the end user and the application programmer. Database administrator facilities,
query facilities, ease of use, performance, security, concurrency control, transaction processing, and
third-party support also influence DBMS software selection.
Underlying model: This can be hierarchical, network, relational, object/relational, or object-oriented.
Portability: A DBMS can be portable across platforms, systems, and languages.
DBMS hardware requirements: Items to consider include processor(s), RAM, disk space, and so on.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 467

CTIVES:
ARDS:
TOPICS: DBMS Software Selection
88. Explain the concept of logical design and list the steps involved.
ANSWER: Logical design is the second stage in the database design process. The logical design goal is to design
an enterprise-wide database that is based on a specific data model but independent of physical-level
details. Logical design requires that all objects in the conceptual model be mapped to the specific
constructs used by the selected database model.
The logical design is generally performed in the following four steps:
1. Mapping the conceptual model to logical model components
2. Validating the logical model using normalization
3. Validating the logical model integrity constraints
4. Validating the logical model against user requirements

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 468
CTIVES:
ARDS:
TOPICS: Logical Design
89. What are the classical approaches to database design?

ANSWER: There are two classical approaches to database design:
1. Top-down design starts by identifying the data sets and then defines the data elements for
each of those sets. This process involves the identification of different entity types and the
definition of each entity’s attributes.
2. Bottom-up design first identifies the data elements (items) and then groups them together in
data sets. In other words, it first defines attributes, and then groups them to form entities.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 473
CTIVES:
ARDS:
TOPICS: Database Design Strategies
90. Explain the differences between a centralized and decentralized approach to database design.
ANSWER: Centralized design is productive when the data component has a relatively small number of objects
and procedures. The design can be carried out and represented in a fairly simple database. Centralized
design is typical of relatively simple, small databases and can be successfully done by a single
database administrator or by a small, informal design team. The company operations and the scope of
the problem are sufficiently limited to allow even a single designer to define the problem(s), create the
conceptual design, verify the conceptual design with the user views, define system processes and data
constraints to ensure the efficacy of the design, and ensure that the design will comply with all the
requirements.
On the other hand, decentralized design might be used when the system’s data component has a
considerable number of entities and complex relations on which very complex operations are
performed. Decentralized design is also often used when the problem itself is spread across several
operational sites and each element is a subset of the entire data set. In large and complex projects, the
database typically cannot be designed by only one person. Instead, a carefully selected team of
database designers tackles a complex database project. Within the decentralized design framework,
the database design task is divided into several modules. Once the design criteria have been
established, the lead designer assigns design subsets or modules to design groups within the team.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 474-475
CTIVES:
ARDS:

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Chapter 09: Database Design

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO9-1 - LO9-1

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO9-2 - LO9-2

NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic

35. The process of creating an information system is known as _____.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DATA.CORO.15.LO9-2 - LO9-2

c. questions about modification and replacement of existing system.

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a. database initial study b. database design

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56. Which of the following is a hardware-induced database failure?

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TOPICS: The Database Life Cycle

59. The first step in the ER model verification process is to _____.

a. Conceptual design b. Network design

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NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: - Analytic

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1. Corrective maintenance in response to systems errors.

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2. Adaptive maintenance due to changes in the business environment.

Underlying model: This can be hierarchical, network, relational, object/relational, or object-oriented.

Portability: A DBMS can be portable across platforms, systems, and languages.

LEARNING OBJE DATA.CORO.15.LO9-5 - LO9-5

The logical design is generally performed in the following four steps:

1. Mapping the conceptual model to logical model components

2. Validating the logical model using normalization

3. Validating the logical model integrity constraints

4. Validating the logical model against user requirements

89. What are the classical approaches to database design?

KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension

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