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Notes Part 3

The document discusses character sets and data types in Java. It defines a character set as a set of graphical and textual symbols mapped to positive integers. It states that Java uses Unicode as its character set, which is an international standard capable of representing most world languages. It also discusses the different Java primitive data types like byte, char, short, int, long, float, double, and boolean along with their sizes and value ranges.

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5 views10 pages

Notes Part 3

The document discusses character sets and data types in Java. It defines a character set as a set of graphical and textual symbols mapped to positive integers. It states that Java uses Unicode as its character set, which is an international standard capable of representing most world languages. It also discusses the different Java primitive data types like byte, char, short, int, long, float, double, and boolean along with their sizes and value ranges.

Uploaded by

Gunachitra PGT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Character Set

27 December 2020 02:25

Character Set
A set of graphical and textual symbol each of which is mapped to a positive integer.

Character Set in Java


Set of alphabets , letters (including special characters)that are valid in Java language.

Java uses Unicode as it's character set.

Unicode is a universal international standard encoding system , that’s capable of


representing most of the world's languages.
ASCII code is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

ASCII code Unicode


It is a 7 bit system It is a 16-bit set
It ranges from 0 -255 i.e total 256 It ranges from 0 - 65535 i.e total 65536 charatcers
characters
It comprises of all english alphabets The first 0 -255 characters are same as ASCAII code but it
along with some additonal special also includes characters of many languages apart from
characters english.
Represtend by \uXXXX , where XXXX is 16 bit representation of
the character
Egs:- 'A' -> 65 , '_' -> 32 Egs:- A -> \u0041 , \u0000 -> null character.

Notes Class X Page 1


Escape Sequences
27 December 2020 02:25

A character preceded by \ (backslash) is known as escape sequence and hold a special meaning to the compiler.
Java has a total of 8 escape sequences.

Carriage return , generally moves the output text in


the next line without moving the cursor to the next
line.
Form feed means a page break , (it’s quite old and not
used now)

Questions:-

Output when :-
\\\"
\a

Notes Class X Page 2


Data Types
27 December 2020 03:25

They specify the type of data a variable can hold.

They are of 2 types :-


1. Primitive data type
2. Non Primitive data type / User defined / Referential

Data Types

Primitive Non Primitve

Numeric Non-numeric Class Array Interface String

Integer float double Char Boolean Note: they are referential data type i.e
instead of storing the value of the literal
they store the location of the literal.

Notes Class X Page 3


Data Type
27 December 2020 03:51

Type Size Range 1. Byte


a. It represents 8 bits of storage
byte 8 bits -128 to 127 b. Is used to store very small numbers.
char 16 bits 0 - 255 c. Not used in general
d. Egs:- 10 , -20
short 16 bits -32,768 to 32767
2. Char
int 32 bits -2^31 to 2^31 - 1 a. Represents a single character
long 64 bits -2^63 to 2^63 - 1 b. Surrounded by single quote.
c. Its range is \u0000 to \u65535
float 32 bits upto 7 decimal
d. Egs:- 'a' , '4' , 'A'
double 64 bits upto 16 decimal 3. Short
boolean 1 bit true/false a. It is also used to store numbers in small range
b. Not used generally
c. Egs:- 2000 , - 500
4. Int
a. Generally used for storing integers
b. Means number without decimal point
c. Egs: - 100000 , 200 , 10
5. Long
a. Used when integer can’t meet our needs of range
b. Egs:- 10000L , 200L
c. L represents long.
6. Float
a. Used to store decimal number
b. Not generally in Java
c. Not used when we require precise result as it supports only 7 decimals
d. Egs:- 234.6F
e. F represents float.
7. Double
a. a.generally used to store decimal numbers.
b. It very precise
c. Egs:- 234.6 , 45.0 , -29.2
8. Boolean
a. Used to track conditions.
b. Can be either true or false

Notes Class X Page 4


b. Can be either true or false
c. Egs; true , false

Notes Class X Page 5


Program #1
27 December 2020 04:24

Write a program(WAP) to assign two numbers and then calculate their sum,difference,product,division in sepeate variables and then print
them .

datatype variable=value;
Each line is terminated by a semicolon

Name of the class should start with a alphabet, can be folllowed by number
Assignment vs declaration.

Notes Class X Page 6


Operators
23 December 2020 19:51
2.Assignment Operators

Used to assign values to the variables


Operators are divided into following groups :-

1.Arithmetic Operators
2.Assingment Operators
3.Unary Operators They also have a special type called as short-hand operators
4.Comparison/Relational Operators
5.Logical Operators
6.Bitwise Operators
7.Miscleneous Operators

1.Arithemetic Operators

Used to perform mathematical operations

4.Comparison/Relational Operators

Used to compare 2 values

3.Unary operators

They require only 1 operand.

Notes Class X Page 7


Operators
23 December 2020 20:01

4.Logical Operator's Ternary Operator

Used to determine logic between variable/values. Only conditional operator that takes 3 operands.
Its and replacement for if-then-else

Symbol--> ? :

5.Java Bitwise Operators

Used to perform binary logic with bits of interger

Egs:-
num1 = 10;
num2 = 20;
res=(num1>num2) ? (num1+num2):(num1-num2)
Since num1<num2,
the second operation is performed
res = num1-num2 = -10

Notes Class X Page 8


Since num1<num2,
the second operation is performed
res = num1-num2 = -10

Notes Class X Page 9


Precedence of Operator
27 December 2020 04:22

Certain operators have higher precedence than others and therefore precedence of operator decides how an expression
should be evaluated.

Arithmetic > Relational > Logical

In Arithemtic:- BEDMAS rule is followed ( Bracket Exponent Division/Multiplication Addition/Subtraction


In Logical :- NAO rule ( NOT > AND >OR)

ICSE 2015

Notes Class X Page 10

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