Forces and Newton's Laws of Motion

Forces and Newton's Laws of Motion - Year 1 Mechanics PhysicsAndMathsTutor.
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Questions
Q1.
Figure 2
A small ball A of mass 2.5 kg is held at rest on a rough horizontal table.
The ball is attached to one end of a string.
The string passes over a pulley P which is fixed at the edge of the table. The other end of
the string is attached to a small ball B of mass 1.5 kg hanging freely, vertically below P and
with B at a height of 1 m above the horizontal floor.
The system is released from rest, with the string taut, as shown in Figure 2.
The resistance to the motion of A from the rough table is modelled as having constant
magnitude 12.7 N. Ball B reaches the floor before ball A reaches the pulley.
The balls are modelled as particles, the string is modelled as being light and inextensible
and the pulley is modelled as being small and smooth.
(a) (i) Write down an equation of motion for A.

(ii) Write down an equation of motion for B.
(4)
(b) Hence find the acceleration of B.
(2)
(c) Using the model, find the time it takes, from release, for B to reach the floor.
(2)
It was found that it actually took 2.3 seconds for ball B to reach the floor.
(d) Using this information

(i) comment on the appropriateness of using the model to find the time it takes ball B to
reach the floor, justifying your answer.
(ii) suggest one improvement that could be made in the model.
(2)
(Total for question = 10 marks)
Forces and Newton's Laws of Motion - Year 1 Mechanics PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
Q2.
Unless otherwise indicated, wherever a numerical value of g is required, take g = 9.8 m s–2
and give your answer to either 2 significant figures or 3 significant figures.
Figure 1
Two small balls, P and Q, have masses 2m and km respectively, where k < 2.
The balls are attached to the ends of a string that passes over a fixed pulley.
The system is held at rest with the string taut and the hanging parts of the string vertical, as
shown in Figure 1.
The system is released from rest and, in the subsequent motion, P moves downwards with
an acceleration of magnitude
The balls are modelled as particles moving freely.

The string is modelled as being light and inextensible.
The pulley is modelled as being small and smooth.
Using the model,
(a) find, in terms of m and g, the tension in the string,

(3)
(b) explain why the acceleration of Q also has magnitude

(1)
(c) find the value of k.
(4)
(d) Identify one limitation of the model that will affect the accuracy of your answer to part (c).
(1)

Q3.
A small ball, P, of mass 0.8 kg, is held at rest on a smooth horizontal table and is attached
to one end of a thin rope.
The rope passes over a pulley that is fixed at the edge of the table.
The other end of the rope is attached to another small ball, Q, of mass 0.6 kg, that hangs
freely below the pulley.
Ball P is released from rest, with the rope taut, with P at a distance of 1.5 m from the
pulley and with Q at a height of 0.4 m above the horizontal floor, as shown in Figure 1.
Ball Q descends, hits the floor and does not rebound.
The balls are modelled as particles, the rope as a light and inextensible string and the pulley
as small and smooth.
Using this model,
(a) show that the acceleration of Q, as it falls, is 4.2 m s–2

(5)
(b) find the time taken by P to hit the pulley from the instant when P is released.
(6)
(c) State one limitation of the model that will affect the accuracy of your answer to part (a).
(1)

Q4.
One end of a string is attached to a small ball P of mass 4m.
The other end of the string is attached to another small ball Q of mass 3m.
The string passes over a fixed pulley.
Ball P is held at rest with the string taut and the hanging parts of the string vertical, as shown
in Figure 1.
Ball P is released.
The string is modelled as being light and inextensible, the balls are modelled as particles,
the pulley is modelled as being smooth and air resistance is ignored.
(a) Using the model, find, in terms of m and g, the magnitude of the force exerted on the
pulley by the string while P is falling and before Q hits the pulley.
(8)
(b) State one limitation of the model, apart from ignoring air resistance, that will affect
the accuracy of your answer to part (a).
(1)

Q5.
A ball P of mass 2m is attached to one end of a string.
The other end of the string is attached to a ball Q of mass 5m.
The string passes over a fixed pulley.
The system is held at rest with the balls hanging freely and the string taut.
The hanging parts of the string are vertical with P at a height 2h above horizontal ground and
with Q at a height h above the ground, as shown in Figure 1.
The system is released from rest.
In the subsequent motion, Q does not rebound when it hits the ground and P does not hit the
pulley.
The balls are modelled as particles.
The string is modelled as being light and inextensible.
The pulley is modelled as being small and smooth.
Air resistance is modelled as being negligible.
Using this model,
(a) (i) write down an equation of motion for P,

(ii) write down an equation of motion for Q,
(4)
(b) find, in terms of h only, the height above the ground at which P first comes to
instantaneous rest.
(7)
(c) State one limitation of modelling the balls as particles that could affect your answer to
part (b).
(1)
In reality, the string will not be inextensible.
(d) State how this would affect the accelerations of the particles.
(1)

Mark Scheme
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.

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Forces and Newton's Laws of Motion - Year 1 Mechanics PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

A small ball A of mass 2.5 kg is held at rest on a rough horizontal table.

The ball is attached to one end of a string.

(a) (i) Write down an equation of motion for A.

(d) Using this information

The balls are modelled as particles moving freely.

Using the model,

(a) find, in terms of m and g, the tension in the string,

(b) explain why the acceleration of Q also has magnitude

(Total for question = 9 marks)

Ball Q descends, hits the floor and does not rebound.

Using this model,

(a) show that the acceleration of Q, as it falls, is 4.2 m s–2

(Total for question = 12 marks)

One end of a string is attached to a small ball P of mass 4m.

The string passes over a fixed pulley.

(Total for question = 9 marks)

A ball P of mass 2m is attached to one end of a string.

The other end of the string is attached to a ball Q of mass 5m.

The string passes over a fixed pulley.

The system is released from rest.

The balls are modelled as particles.

The string is modelled as being light and inextensible.

The pulley is modelled as being small and smooth.

Air resistance is modelled as being negligible.

Using this model,

(a) (i) write down an equation of motion for P,

(Total for question = 13 marks)

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