ALP TRG 210 Standard 5 Axis 2020.1

ALPHACAM 2020.
1
STANDARD 5 AXIS
Copyright
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ALPHACAM 2020.1
Standard 5 Axis
Contents
Copyright ..................................................................................................................................... i
Conventions used in this manual............................................................................................. vii
Recommended Operating Systems and Hardware for ALPHACAM .................................... viii

Supported Operating Systems ................................................................................................. viii
ALPHACAM Minimum Specifications ....................................................................................... viii
Hexagon Customer Portal .......................................................................................................... ix
ALPHACAM esupport .................................................................................................................. x
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1
Objective ....................................................................................................................................... 1
Tool Axis Conversion .................................................................................................................. 2

Convert 3D work plane tool path to Vertical ............................................................................... 3
Convert 2 Axis tool path in work plane to Vertical ...................................................................... 4
4 Axis XZ or YZ Rotation ............................................................................................................ 6
Through Axis ........................................................................................................................... 6
Parallel tool paths.................................................................................................................... 6
Helical Z tool paths in work plane ........................................................................................... 7
5 Axis ......................................................................................................................................... 8
XZ Rotation Confined with Boundary ...................................................................................... 8
Normal to Curve or Curves ..................................................................................................... 9
XY Rotation Tool at Fixed Tilt Angle ..................................................................................... 10
Project through Point ............................................................................................................ 11
Project through Axis .............................................................................................................. 12
Confine with Boundary .......................................................................................................... 14
Project through Guide Curves............................................................................................... 15
Cut With side of tool .................................................................................................................. 20
Practical example Chair Leg ................................................................................................... 21

Roughing .................................................................................................................................. 22
General ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Levels and Cuts ........................................................................................................................ 24
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Machining Data......................................................................................................................... 25
Tool Data .................................................................................................................................. 26
Machining the Small Rectangular Angled Face ....................................................................... 27
Setting up the Work Plane .................................................................................................... 27
Machining the Small Rectangle ............................................................................................ 27
General ................................................................................................................................. 28
Lead-In/Out Links .................................................................................................................. 29
Machining Data ..................................................................................................................... 30
Rest Finish ............................................................................................................................ 31
Tool Data............................................................................................................................... 32
Machining the Two Large Rectangular areas........................................................................... 33
Machining the Large Rectangles .......................................................................................... 33
Machining the Small triangle area ............................................................................................ 34
Machining the Small Triangle ................................................................................................ 34
Finish large flat side wall .......................................................................................................... 35
Drill Holes ................................................................................................................................. 36
Profiling the Leg........................................................................................................................ 37
Cut Between 2 Geometries theory. .......................................................................................... 40
Ghost Tools ........................................................................................................................... 40
Line Length ........................................................................................................................... 42
Front Curve ............................................................................................................................... 44
General ................................................................................................................................. 44
Machining Data ..................................................................................................................... 45
3D Lead-In/Out...................................................................................................................... 46
5-Axis Toolpath Optimiser ..................................................................................................... 47
Tool Data............................................................................................................................... 48
Back Curve ............................................................................................................................... 50
General ................................................................................................................................. 50
Machining Data ..................................................................................................................... 51
5-Axis Toolpath Optimiser ..................................................................................................... 53
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Tool Data............................................................................................................................... 54
Ends ......................................................................................................................................... 56
Small 3D triangular area ........................................................................................................... 57
Create the initial driving toolpath........................................................................................... 58
Applying the Final Machining ................................................................................................ 59
General ................................................................................................................................. 60
Practical example Twisted Handrail ....................................................................................... 62

Roughing .................................................................................................................................. 65
Primary Stage ....................................................................................................................... 65
General ................................................................................................................................. 66
Levels and Cuts .................................................................................................................... 67
Machining Data ..................................................................................................................... 68
Tool Data............................................................................................................................... 69
Secondary Stage................................................................................................................... 70
Rough the Spindle rebate ..................................................................................................... 74
Machining Data ..................................................................................................................... 77
3D Lead-in/Out ...................................................................................................................... 78
Rough the Spindle rebate tops ............................................................................................. 82
End Trimming ........................................................................................................................ 91
Alternative End Trimming 1 ................................................................................................... 92
Finishing ................................................................................................................................... 93
Surface Extraction ................................................................................................................. 93
Creating the new floor driving surface .................................................................................. 95
Rebate floor finishing ............................................................................................................ 99
Rebate Inside Wall Finishing .............................................................................................. 103
End Finish Trim ................................................................................................................... 103
Finish handrail profile .......................................................................................................... 104
Finish blending curved profile ............................................................................................. 111
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Table of Images
FIGURE 1 - CUSTOMER SUPPORT PORTAL IX
FIGURE 2 - ESUPPORT PAGE X
FIGURE 3 - EXPLANATION OF TOOL AXIS CONVERSION DIALOGUE 2
FIGURE 4 - SPIRAL CYCLE CREATED IN A WORK PLANE 3
FIGURE 5 - SPIRAL CYCLE CONVERTED TO A 3 AXIS TOOLPATH NOT ON A WORK PLANE 3
FIGURE 6 - 2D POCKET CYCLE APPLIED ON A WORK PLANE 4
FIGURE 7 - 2D POCKET CYCLE CONVERTED FROM A WORK PLANE TO VERTICAL 5
FIGURE 8 - PARALLEL STRATEGY AS APPLIED 6
FIGURE 9 - TOOL AXIS CONVERSION AT THE CENTRE OF THE CIRCLE 6
FIGURE 10 - Z ENHANCED UNDERCUTS CONVERTED TO VERTICAL THROUGH AN AXIS 7
FIGURE 11 - INITIAL HORIZONTAL Z TOOLPATH 8
FIGURE 12 - TOOLPATH ALTERED USING A BOUNDARY TO PREVENT COLLISIONS 8
FIGURE 13 - TOOLPATH CONVERSION USING A GUIDE CURVES 9
FIGURE 14 - CONVERTED TOOLPATH ALONG A SPECIFIED ANGLE FROM VERTICAL 10
FIGURE 15 - TOOL PATH CONVERSION THROUGH A POINT ON THE TOOL SIDE 11
FIGURE 16 - THROUGH A POINT ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE FROM THE TOOL 11
FIGURE 17 - INITIAL PARALLEL CYCLE 12
FIGURE 18 - TOOL PATH CONVERTED USING A LINE ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE FROM THE TOOL 13
FIGURE 19 - INITIAL HORIZONTAL Z CONTOURS TOOL PATH COLLIDING WITH THE PART 14
FIGURE 20 - CONVERTED TOOL PATH USING A BOUNDARY TO PREVENT COLLISIONS 14
FIGURE 21 - BEFORE CONVERSION. 15
FIGURE 22 - BEFORE CONVERSION SIDE AND END SHOTS 16
FIGURE 23 - CONVERTED TOOL PATH USING TWO GUIDE CURVES 17
FIGURE 24 - CUT SPLINE OR POLYLINE OPTIONS USING ULTIMATE ALPHACAM 18
FIGURE 25 - CUT SPLINE OR POLYLINE OPTION APPLIED TO A FORM TOOL 19
FIGURE 26 - EXAMPLE FILE FOR CUT SPLINE OR POLYLINE 20
FIGURE 27 - SAMPLE CHAIR LEG SOLID MODEL 21
FIGURE 28 - SUPPORT BLOCK SETTINGS 21
FIGURE 29 - 3D MACHINING CYCLE SELECTION DIALOGUE 22
FIGURE 30 - Z CONTOUR ROUGHING GENERAL TAB. 23
FIGURE 31 - Z CONTOUR ROUGHING LEVELS AND CUTS TAB 24
FIGURE 32 - Z CONTOUR ROUGHING MACHINING DATA TAB 25
FIGURE 33 - Z CONTOUR ROUGHING TOOL DATA TAB 26
FIGURE 35 - FLAT AREA OFFSET GENERAL TAB 28
FIGURE 36 - FLAT AREA OFFSET LEAD-IN/OUT LINKS TAB 29
FIGURE 37 - FLAT AREA OFFSET MACHINING DATA TAB 30
FIGURE 38 - FLAT AREA OFFSET REST FINISH TAB 31
FIGURE 39 - FLAT AREA OFFSET TOOL DATA TAB 32
FIGURE 40 - TOP EDGE FOR EXTRACTION 34
FIGURE 41 - EDGE TO EXTRACT 35
FIGURE 42 - HOLES TO DRILL 36
FIGURE 43 - EDGES FOR MACHINING EXTRACTED 37
FIGURE 44 - EDIT 3D POLYLINE DIALOGUE OPTIONS 38
FIGURE 45 - SETTING THE EXTEND OPTIONS TO ALL FOUR POLYLINES SIMULTANEOUSLY 38
FIGURE 46 - 3D POLYLINES EXTENDED TO SUIT 39
FIGURE 47 - CUT BETWEEN 2 GEOMETRIES THEORY 40
FIGURE 48 - HOW POINT MATCHING WORKS WHEN LINES ARE SET CORRECTLY 40
FIGURE 49 - WHEN GHOST TOOLS ARE OPPOSITE TO EACH OTHER 41
FIGURE 50 - POINT MATCHING ON LINES OF EQUAL LENGTH 42
FIGURE 51 - POINT MATCHING ON UNEQUAL LINES 42
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FIGURE 52 - ENSURING THAT THE POLYLINES ALL ARE WORKING IN THE SAME DIRECTION 43
FIGURE 53 - CUT BETWEEN 2 GEOMETRIES GENERAL TAB 44
FIGURE 54 - CUT BETWEEN 2 GEOMETRIES MACHINING DATA TAB 45
FIGURE 55 - CUT BETWEEN 2 GEOMETRIES 3D LEAD IN/OUT TAB 46
FIGURE 56 - 5 AXIS OPTIMISER TAB 47
FIGURE 57 - CUT BETWEEN 2 GEOMETRIES TOOL DATA TAB 48
FIGURE 58 - APPLIED TOOLPATH 49
FIGURE 61 - CUT BETWEEN 2 GEOMETRIES 3D LEAD IN/OUT TAB 52
FIGURE 62 - 5 AXIS OPTIMISER TAB 53
FIGURE 64 - SECOND SIDE APPLIED TOOL PATH 55
FIGURE 65 - END FACES EXTRACTED 56
FIGURE 66 - SMALL TRIANGLE SECTION 57
FIGURE 67 - EXTRACTED BOUNDARY FOR MACHINING THE SMALL AREA 57
FIGURE 68 - PRIMARY GUIDE 2D POCKET CYCLE 58
FIGURE 70 - DRIVE CURVES GENERAL TAB 60
FIGURE 71 - DRIVE CURVES USING TOOL PATHS 60
FIGURE 72 - COMPLETED PART SEEN IN SIMULATION 61
FIGURE 73 - SAMPLE HANDRAIL FILE 62
FIGURE 74 - USING THE ASSOCIATE FOR AUTO-UPDATE OPTION 62
FIGURE 75 - SETTING UP THE SUPPORT BLOCK INFORMATION 63
FIGURE 76 - HANDRAIL WITH MATERIAL AND SUPPORT BLOCK 64
FIGURE 78 - Z CONTOUR ROUGHING GENERAL TAB 66
FIGURE 79 - Z CONTOUR ROUGHING LEVELS AND CUTS TAB 67
FIGURE 80 - Z CONTOUR ROUGHING MACHINING DATA TAB 68
FIGURE 81 - Z CONTOUR ROUGHING TOOL DATA TAB 69
FIGURE 82 - THIRD BOUNDARY SHAPE ON FRONT FACE WORK PLANE 70
FIGURE 83 - USE THE AUTO UPDATE OPTION 71
FIGURE 84 – LEVELS AND CUTS USING SPECIFIC Z DEPTHS 72
FIGURE 85 - CREATED GUIDE LINE 73
FIGURE 86 - EDIT 3D POLYLINE OPTIONS 74
FIGURE 87 - EXTENDING ALL EXTRACTED LINES 74
FIGURE 88 - POLYLINES SET UP CORRECTLY FOR MACHINING 75
FIGURE 89 - RENAMING GEOMETRY ELEMENTS FOR EASE OF IDENTIFICATION 75
FIGURE 92 - CUT BETWEEN 2 GEOMETRIES 3D LEAD-IN/OUT TAB 78
FIGURE 93 - CUT BETWEEN 2 GEOMETRIES OPTIMISER 79
FIGURE 95 - APPLIED TOOL PATHS 81
FIGURE 96 - CUT SPLINE OR POLYLINE MACHINING DATA 82
FIGURE 97 - AXIS TO ROTATE ON 83
FIGURE 98 - TOOL ANGLE DROP DOWN OPTIONS 83
FIGURE 99 - TOOL ANGLE GUIDE OPTIONS 84
FIGURE 100 - CUT SPLINE OR POLYLINE GENERAL TAB 85
FIGURE 101 - CUT SPLINE OR POLYLINE TOOL DATA TAB 86
FIGURE 102 - SELECT THE UPPER POLYLINE AS THE GUIDE 86
FIGURE 103 - CUT SPLINE OR POLYLINE MACHINING DATA TAB 87
FIGURE 104 - CUT SPLINE OR POLYLINE 3D LEAD-IN/OUT TAB 88
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FIGURE 105 - MACHINE POLYLINE 5-AXIS OPTIMISER 89

FIGURE 106 - SELECTING THE FACE TO MACHINE 90
FIGURE 107 - APPLIED TOOL PATHS 90
FIGURE 108 - CREATED WORK PLANES AND GEOMETRY FOR THE END FACES 91
FIGURE 109 - EXTRACTING THE SIDE WALL SURFACES 93
FIGURE 110 - USING THE SURFACE OFFSET OPTION 93
FIGURE 111 - EXTRA SURFACES AFTER USING THE OFFSET COMMAND 94
FIGURE 112 - DELETE THE ORIGINAL SURFACES AND THE ACQUIRED OUTLINE PROFILES 94
FIGURE 113 - FULL EXTRACTED EDGES OF OFFSET SURFACES 95
FIGURE 114 - LOCATION TO BREAK THE GEOMETRY 95
FIGURE 115 - REMAINING REQUIRED POLYLINES 95
FIGURE 116 - THE POLYLINES WILL NEED MANIPULATION IN THIS EXAMPLE 96
FIGURE 117 - EDIT 3D POLYLINE DIALOGUE 96
FIGURE 118 - EXTEND POLYLINE DIALOGUE 97
FIGURE 119 - EXTENDED POLYLINES BEYOND THE END OF THE PART 97
FIGURE 120 - CREATING THE LINKING POLYLINES FOR THE SURFACE GENERATION PROCESS 98
FIGURE 121 - COMPLETED SURFACE FOR MACHINING 98
FIGURE 122 - 3D MACHINING STRATEGY SELECTOR 99
FIGURE 123 – PARAMETER LINES GENERAL TAB 100
FIGURE 124 – PARAMETER LINES MACHINING DATA TAB 100
FIGURE 125 - PARAMETER LINES TOOL DATA TAB 101
FIGURE 126 - SETTING A LOCATION FOR THE START POINT OF THE CYCLE 101
FIGURE 127 - CHOOSING THE SECOND POINT FOR DIRECTION OF CUT 102
FIGURE 128 - APPLIED TOOL PATH 102
FIGURE 129 - EXTRACTING THE OUTSIDE POLYLINE OPTIONS 104
FIGURE 130 - LEAD IN/OUT MODIFIERS 105
FIGURE 131 - UNDERSIDE POLYLINES AS THE GUIDES TO DRIVE THE HANDRAIL FORM TOOL 106
FIGURE 132 - USING ANGLE TO NORMAL OF ALLOWS USE OF UNDERSIDE OPTIONS 107
FIGURE 133 - LEAD IN/OUT OPTIONS 108
FIGURE 134 - SETTING THE UNDERSIDE FACE AS THE GUIDE FOR THE CUT 109
FIGURE 135 - APPROXIMATE LOCATION TO TRIM THE POLYLINES TO 110
FIGURE 136 - WORK PLANE GENERATED ON THE SIDE USING NORMAL TO VIEW 111
FIGURE 137 - EXTRACTED AND MANIPULATED GEOMETRY TO CREATE A SUITABLE BOUNDARY 111
FIGURE 138 - 3D MACHINING STRATEGY SELECTION 112
FIGURE 139 - GEOMETRY BOUNDARY INITIAL APPLIED TOOL PATH AND EXTRA POLYLINE 113
FIGURE 140 - TOOL AXIS CONVERSION OPTIONS 114
FIGURE 141 – WORK PLANE AND SUITABLE BOUNDARY ON THE REVERSE SIDE 115
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Conventions used in this manual

To enable you to use the information in this guide effectively, you need to understand the conventions used in
the guide to represent differing types of information.
• Buttons on the screen are represented as the button text in square brackets.
For example: Click on [OK].
• Keys on the keyboard are represented as bold lettering in between < > characters.
For example: Press <Enter>.
• Ribbon Tab options are represented as a path with the Ribbon Tab in UPPER case with sub menus
Capitalised and separated with an arrow
For example: Select FILE > Open.
• Field names are represented as bold text. And the value to be entered will be represented by Bold
Text.
For example: Enter the value 50 in the Offset field. Or
When prompted for the X & Y values type 100,50 <Enter>
Denotes a <LClick> or Primary Mouse Button Click.

Denotes a <RClick> or Secondary Mouse Button Click.
 This is a note. It contains useful or additional information.
 This is a reference. It directs you to another part of the user guide.
This is a thought box. It is generally used in exercises and contains a question for you to
consider.
 This is a highlighted note to emphasise information
 This is a warning; it contains information that you must not ignore.
 This is a tip. It is generally used in exercises and offers further advice.
1. This is the first line of a number list item
2. This is the second item of the numbered instructions, which you must
3. Follow in sequence.
• This is a list
• of items, in which
• The order is not important.
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Recommended Operating Systems and Hardware for

ALPHACAM
Supported Operating Systems

• Operating System
• 64bit operating systems of the following list are supported,
• Windows 7 (Professional, Enterprise or Ultimate) SP1 required,
• Windows 8.1 Professional and Enterprise,
• Windows 10 Professional and Enterprise.
• ALPHACAM will install and run on the 'Home' editions of the above operating systems. However, this
is not recommended, and we cannot guarantee to fix any ALPHACAM issues specifically related to
these operating systems.
• Nvidia or ATI Open GL Graphics Card with 1Gb dedicated memory
 We recommend you keep up to date with the with the latest Software Updates for the
supported operating systems and drivers for your hardware base.
 Any Windows Operating system (OS) prior to and including Vista, is not a supported
operating system.
ALPHACAM Minimum Specifications

The latest minimum specification can be found at
http://www.alphacam.com/systemrequirements
This minimum specification is to run any ALPHACAM Essential module, you will need to considerably
increase the specification if you are working with solid models and producing the NC code for 3D machining
and 3, 4, or 5 axis simultaneous machining strategies.
Your minimum specifications should be the fastest processor with the most memory and the highest
specification video card that your budget will allow.
 If using Autodesk Inventor Files, please check the current Inventor View requirements at
autodesk inventor view
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Hexagon Customer Portal

At Hexagon, we strive to provide you and your business with first class technical support and services. The
Customer Support Portal allows you the tools you need to receive the best from your software. In addition to
generating new and updating existing support cases, the portal allows you:
• Unlimited user logins for your company.
• Access to all your licenses for easy reference.
• Get the latest releases and software update at the touch of a button.
• View what is available on your support and maintenance schedule.
• Reference to the Customer Support Charter at any time.
• View the status of your Technical Support cases.
• View all purchased Professional Services like Training and Consultancy.
Figure 1 - Customer Support Portal
For the Hexagon Customer Portal visit customers.ps.hexagonmi.com
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ALPHACAM esupport
Another location to gain valuable information about using the software or asking other experienced users for
assistance are the esupport forums.
Figure 2 - esupport page
Asking a question of the community, using the knowledge base or other available information links could save
you time if you have a problem that someone else may already have supplied a solution for.
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Introduction
The use of 5 Axis machining is a growing area within the manufacturing world but one thing to remember is
that not all 5 Axis machining is moving all 5 axes at the same time.
This is the difference between Positional 5 Axis (sometimes referred to as 3+2 machining) and Simultaneous 5
Axis. The first thing an ALPHACAM user needs to be able to identify is which of these two types of machining
is required. Just because you can simultaneous 5 axis tool path, does not mean that you should.
In some circumstances the machine tool will perform erratically or give a poor surface finish when trying to
apply a simultaneous 5 axis tool path to a part, where a positional 5 axis or 4 axis tool path would have given
better results.
Objective
The purpose of this supplement is to add an understanding of the practical requirements applied in
ALPHACAM when dealing with 5 Axis toolpaths. To make best us of this supplement the user must have a
working knowledge of the three advanced areas of ALPHACAM, Feature Extraction, Solid Manipulation &
Machining practices and Work planes. These three modules of ALPHACAM will be used to assist in the
creation of suitable solutions to 5 Axis tool path needs.
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Tool Axis Conversion

Further control of 2D and 3D tool paths can be achieved with tool axis conversion.
 Tool Axis Conversion is only available using the Ultimate level of ALPHACAM
Tool axis conversion is only possible on tool paths using Ball cutters.
Tool Paths created by ALPHACAM are already either 2 or 3 Axis so you may wonder why we want 2 and 3
Axis Conversion. Sometimes it is easier to get the type of cutting strategy required by creating the Paths in an
angled work Plane.
Figure 3 - Explanation of Tool Axis Conversion dialogue
The actions available will depend upon the type to which you are converting.
 It is useful to mention at this point the checkbox “Tool can Under-cut” on the Dialogue in the Z
Level type strategies, if a lollipop tool is selected then this will be on by default, however If the tool
is normal it will be off by default, but the user can activate it, and this will let the tool undercut in
preparation for the conversion.
Tool Axis conversion is better applied to specific tool path operations via the project
manager local popup menu command.
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Convert 3D work plane tool path to Vertical

In this example the Spiral Path on an Angled Plane is converted to 3axis vertical which would yield a very good
surface coverage.
When the 3 Axis Type is selected, all the Action Selections are greyed out. The selected tool path should be
converted into Flat Land or if a work plane is active, the user is prompted to confirm the transformation to the
current plane.
Figure 4 - Spiral cycle created in a work plane
Figure 5 - Spiral cycle converted to a 3 axis toolpath not on a work plane
 Note that any toolpath that has had Tool Axis Conversion applied to it will be marked
with a Gold Star.
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Convert 2 Axis tool path in work plane to Vertical

In this example, there are 2 operations each multi cut at a single depth, the depth being increased for the
second cut.
The first image shows the tool orientation as created.
The second shows the tool path after conversion.
The simulation shows the ball ended cutter however this could be changed to a flat ended end cutter on the
machine.
Figure 6 - 2D Pocket Cycle applied on a Work Plane
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Figure 7 - 2D pocket cycle converted from a work plane to Vertical
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4 Axis XZ or YZ Rotation
Through Axis
With this option the user will be asked to select a point on the Axis. The conversion will then make the tool
paths Rotate about the selected axis.
Parallel tool paths
Figure 8 - Parallel Strategy as applied
Figure 9 - Tool Axis Conversion at the centre of the circle
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Helical Z tool paths in work plane

Used with Z (enhanced undercuts)
Before Conversion.
After Conversion through axis at centre of circle on end, along the global X.
Figure 10 - Z Enhanced Undercuts converted to Vertical through an axis
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5 Axis
XZ Rotation Confined with Boundary
This will work with the same principles as the 5 axis option with the limitation of the Axis control dependent
upon the Axis configuration selected. YZ or XZ
Before Conversion machining with lollipop tool Horizontal Z using lower boundary and selected faces, setting
the option for tool can undercut.
Figure 11 - Initial Horizontal Z toolpath
After Conversion tool confined to upper boundary, this will allow tool paths to be created with a lollipop tool but
a straight ball tool can be used on the machine.
Figure 12 - Toolpath altered using a boundary to

prevent collisions
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Normal to Curve or Curves

Before Conversion machining tool paths created using Constant Cusp.
After Conversion using guide curve on plane causes tool to cut on the side of the ball for better machining.
Figure 13 - Toolpath conversion using a guide curves
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XY Rotation Tool at Fixed Tilt Angle

With this option the user will be asked to select an XY point in the flat Plane. The conversion will then be made
similar to the 5 Axis option, but the tool will stay at the fixed tilt angle and the XY Vector around the Z axis will
point towards the selected point.
Before Conversion Projected Contours.
After Conversion to a tilt angle of 45° and the point selected at centre of the recess.
Figure 14 - Converted toolpath along a specified angle from vertical
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Project through Point

The tool axis vector will be transformed so that the tool axis will always pass through or point towards a user
defined point. There is a prompt asking the user if the picked point is on the tool side of the part. If the point is
on the tool side of the part, then the tool axis will pass through that point. If the point is not on the tool side of
the part, then the tool will point towards the user defined point, but not pass through it.
Before Conversion Projected contours as #26 XY Rotation Tool at Fixed Tilt Angle previous.
After Conversion with point at centre of dish and at Z 100 on tool side.
Figure 15 - Tool path conversion through a point on the tool side
After Conversion with point at centre of dish and at Z -200 not on tool side.
Figure 16 - Through a point on the opposite side from the tool
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Project through Axis

With this transformation, the tool axis will always be normal to the selected Line Axis. The user will be
prompted to select Line of Axis of Revolution.
 Using the points that describe this axis and the point at the centre of the ball tool we will
calculate the vector perpendicular to the axis in the plane created by the three points.
Before Conversion Parallel cuts.
Figure 17 - Initial Parallel cycle
After Conversion tool adjusted to point at polyline axis.
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Figure 18 - Tool path converted using a line on the opposite

side from the tool
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Confine with Boundary

This method requires the user to select a boundary. The boundary must be a closed geometry and the tool
direction Inside\Outside will determine as to whether the tool axis remains inside or outside the boundary.
When the tool exceeds the boundary, it can no longer remain vertical, so the tool axis needs to be tilted
keeping the tool normal to the boundary.
Before Conversion tool path cut using Horizontal Z Contours allowing the tool to undercut and cut from bottom
to top.
Figure 19 - Initial Horizontal Z Contours tool path colliding with the part
After 5 axis conversion with boundary.
Figure 20 - Converted tool path using a boundary to prevent collisions
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Project through Guide Curves

The tool axis control can be set with either one or two curves. If there is only one curve selected, then the
plane that the geometry is within controls the angle of the tool axis, which is then rotated within that plane to be
normal to the profile at the nearest point. If there are two guide curves, then they must be in planes that are
perpendicular to each other.
Figure 21 - Before Conversion.
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Figure 22 - Before Conversion side and end shots
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After Conversion.
Figure 23 - Converted tool path using two guide curves
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Cut Spline or Polyline
This command will drive any tool along any spline or polyline. If a spline is being machined, the Chord
Tolerance is asked for, which determines the accuracy with which the straight line XYZ tool moves match
curves in the spline. For a polyline, the tool is simply moved along the straight line segments.
In Standard, and Advanced modules, the tool is assumed to be vertical, with the tool tip centrally on the
spline or polyline, and you are not given any options about tool angle.
If the module is Ultimate and you have selected a 4 or 5 axis post processor, you are able to set the tool to be
 Left,  Centre or  Right of the spline or polyline.
The check box  Show Ghost Tools will immediately show the direction of the spline or polyline so that you
can determine which side is left and which is right.
You can set the Tool Angle to be Normal to nearest Surface/Solid, Parallel to nearest Surface/Solid or at
angles relative to the line or as absolute angles. For angles relative to the line, the angle is measured from the
vertical, and the sign is set by looking along the direction of the spline or polyline. That is, looking at the ‘back
of the tool as it moves away from you along the line. If the tool is leaning to the left, the angle is counter-
clockwise and is therefore positive. If the tool is leaning to the right, the angle is clockwise and the sign is
negative.
Figure 24 - Cut Spline or Polyline options using

Ultimate ALPHACAM
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Figure 25 - Cut Spline or Polyline

option applied to a form tool
 If the selected post processor has been configured to take account of the ability of the
controller to apply Tool Radius Compensation (G41/42) (this is indicated in the post by setting
$148 to 1 and the tool has been set to be right or left of the spline or polyline, then a check
box –  Machine Compensation – is enabled. Select this to produce the necessary code.
 Please note that the post has to have the correct code in $40. Post variable TCF = 1 if G41/42
is selected when ALPHACAM is used, TCX, TCY, TCZ gives the tool displacement unit vector,
that is the direction from the contact point to the tool tip. CPX, CPY, CPZ gives the contact
point on the polyline.
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Cut With side of tool
Figure 26 - Example file for Cut Spline or Polyline
The angle can be cut using either:

Cut spline or Polyline parallel to model faces
or
Cut between 2 Geometries
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Practical example Chair Leg
Figure 27 - Sample Chair Leg solid model
In this tutor led example we will look at the practical application of Positional 5 Axis tool paths and
Simultaneous 5 Axis toolpaths so that you can understand the differing requirements.
Select HOME > Open and navigate to “….\ALP TRG 210 Standard 5 Axis 2020\Examples\Drawings\”
folder and open “Chair Leg”.
Create a material around the part using 3D > Auto Set Material.
Make the values in the dialogue as follows, Material Top = 0, Material Bottom = -75, Material XY Stock = 5
Create a Rectangle from one corner of the new material to the diagonal opposite corner.
Using MACHINE > Clamps/Fixtures > Define Clamps/Fixtures

Select the rectangle as the shape and set the options as follows,
Figure 28 - Support block settings
This creates a correct material for the part to be machined from and a support block to lift the part up from the
machine bed or pods so that the 5 Axis system can rotate without any collisions. This is an important
consideration when working with 5 Axis toolpaths.
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Roughing
Use MACHINE > Select Tool and from the Standard 5 Axis Folder select the Flat 80mm + Holder.
Using MACHINE > 3D Machining

Make the options as below for Z Contour Roughing.
Figure 29 - 3D Machining cycle selection dialogue
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General
Set the options as shown below.
Figure 30 - Z Contour Roughing General tab.
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Levels and Cuts

Set the options as shown below.
Figure 31 - Z Contour Roughing Levels and Cuts tab
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Machining Data
Make the options as shown below.
Figure 32 - Z Contour Roughing Machining Data tab
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Tool Data
Figure 33 - Z Contour Roughing Tool Data tab
<LClick> [OK] to continue.

When prompted, <LClick> the chair leg model to apply the tool path.
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Machining the Small Rectangular Angled Face

Setting up the Work Plane
To allow the machining to be created correctly on the fixing faces of the chair leg, first you need to create
Work Planes that will control the Tilt and Twist angles of the 5-Axis movements.
We need to create three new work planes, one for the smallest rectangle, one to suit the two large flat areas
and a final one to suit the small triangle area.
Using WORK PLANES > From Solid Model Face , pick the small rectangular area.
Manipulate the work plane using WORK PLANES > Reverse Current Plane (if required) so that the X
axis points along the longer edge of the face, relocate the work plane datum with
WORK PLANES > Set Work Plane Origin to a suitable corner of the face in question.
Alter the Properties of this new work plane to give it a suitable name.
Machining the Small Rectangle

From the Work Planes Tab on the Project Manager, ensure that the work plane for the Small Rectangle is
active.
Use MACHINE > Select Tool and choose the Flat – 12 mm + Holder.
Using MACHINE > 3D Machining

Make the options as below for Flat Area Offset.
Figure 34 - 3D Machining cycle selection dialogue
<LClick>[OK] to continue.
 Note the information dialogue because we are using a work plane.
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General
Figure 35 - Flat Area Offset General tab
Set the Safe Rapid Level = 50 and Thickness Above Surface to Rapid Down to = 20 these will alter to suit
your machining practices when used in a real machining situation.
Both Stock to be left options are set to 0.
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Lead-In/Out Links
Figure 36 - Flat Area Offset Lead-In/Out Links tab
The Lead-In/Out Links tab allows the user to add any lead in or link moves to the toolpath as required to
achieve the best results.
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Machining Data
Figure 37 - Flat Area Offset Machining data tab
Set Width = 3,
 Optimised,
 Linear,
Cut Direction = 30
and  Auto.
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Rest Finish
Figure 38 - Flat Area Offset Rest Finish tab
No options are required as this is the first tool to be used.
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Tool Data
Figure 39 - Flat Area Offset Tool Data tab
<LClick> [OK] to continue and select the Chair Leg model as the solid to machine.
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Machining the Two Large Rectangular areas

Using WORK PLANES > From Solid Model Face , pick the upper large rectangular area.
Machining the Large Rectangles

From the Work Planes Tab on the Project Manager, ensure that the work plane for Two Large Rectangles is
active.
Select MACHINE > 3D Machining .

Choose the machining strategy Flat Area Offset.
Make all the settings as the previous machining (if you have not had to close ALPHACAM, they will be
remembered). Alter the Cut Direction to 0 or 90 to give a better tool path.
Set the Safe Rapid Level = 50 and Thickness Above Surface to Rapid Down to = 20 these will alter to suit
your machining practices when used in a real machining situation.
Both Stock to be left options are set to 0.
On the final dialogue page set Width of cut = 3,  Optimised,  Linear, Cut Direction = 90 and
 Auto.
Click [OK] to continue and select the Chair Leg model as the solid to machine.
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Machining the Small triangle area

Using WORK PLANES > From Solid Model Face , pick the small triangular area.
These three work planes will allow us to place 3D machining strategies and conventional 2D machining onto
these areas easily.
Machining the Small Triangle

From the Work Planes Tab on the Project Manager, ensure that the work plane for the Small Triangle is
active.
Select SOLID MODEL EXTRACT > Contour from Picked Edges .

Pick the Top edge of the triangle and large flat area next to it.
Figure 40 - Top edge for extraction
Use an edge of the Triangle face as the Bottom edge and one of the top edges as the Top.
We do not need to machine the entire length of the geometry, so we need to use
EDIT > Break, Join etc. > Break on the long edge above the hole closest to the triangle flat. Then Delete
the unwanted piece of geometry.
Use MACHINE > Rough/Finish  Auto Z and Selected. Complete the dialogue boxes to suit, making
the Z Stock Amount = 0 to finish the profile directly onto the flat triangle face.
Use Apply Auto Lead In/Out to drive onto and from the part.
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Finish large flat side wall

active.
Select 3D > SOLID MODEL EXTRACT > Contour from Picked Edges .
Pick the Top edge of the wall that meets the smaller of the two flat areas.
Figure 41 - Edge to Extract
The bottom reference is any edge of the lower flat; the top reference is any edge on the upper flat.
Extend this contour by each end using EDIT > Break, Join etc. > Extend By Distance
Use 45mm as the value to extend above the holes then 30mm to extend the lower section.
 This prevents excessive Lead In/Out manipulation to achieve the desired machining of
the edge.
Use MACHINE > Rough/Finish  Auto Z and Selected.

Complete the dialogue boxes to suit, making the Z Stock Amount = 0 to finish the profile directly onto the flat
face.
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Drill Holes
active.
Use SOLID MODEL EXTRACT > Automatic Extraction make the options to  Drillable holes,  Use
Current and  All bodies.
 Note that the Z levels are based on the value from the work plane so you do not need to
create a secondary work plane on the face that the holes actually occupy.
Use MACHINE > Select Tool and select the Drill - 6mm + holder.
Select MACHINE > Drill/Machine Holes Auto Z

Set options as Holes to Match Drill Diameter, accept the default settings on the remaining dialogue pages or
alter to suit depending on your needs.
Select the extracted hole details on the flat face as the required geometries.
Figure 42 - Holes to drill
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Profiling the Leg

The type of machining strategies used to create the actual finished faces of the Chair Leg require the use of
Primary and Auxiliary geometries to drive the tool in a simultaneous 5 axis movement.
Firstly, if any work planes are active, select Work Plane > Cancel Work Plane
To acquire the correct geometries to drive the machining we need to extract edges from four sections of the
solid model.
Using SOLID MODEL EXTRACT > 3D Edge Extraction acquire the profile along the bottom edge of the
model on the front side. Use the same command to acquire the 3D edge running along the spine of the leg.
These two polylines will form the basis of the machine driving elements for the front face.
Using the same techniques extract the edges from the bottom edge at the rear of the model and along the
spine at the rear of the model. The edges required on the rear detail need to follow from the small triangle flat
end of the leg to the end of the swept curve and no further.
Figure 43 - Edges for machining extracted
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As an aid to the manufacturing process and to ensure that the tool does not collide with the part we extend
these four Polylines away from the ends of the model.
Use GEOMETRY > Edit 3D Polyline ,in the dialogue box
Figure 44 - Edit 3D Polyline dialogue options
Choose  Extend. <LClick> [OK].
In the next dialogue.
Figure 45 - Setting the Extend options to all four polylines simultaneously
Set the option to  By Distance and make the value 20mm.

Make the option for line selection to  Multiple and the ends option to  Both
<LClick> [OK] to continue, the <LClick> [All] at the bottom to select the four polylines.
<LClick> [Finish] to complete.
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 In some cases, you may need to Zoom in close to the Polylines to choose the correct
part of them to allow the Extend command to function correctly should the above settings
not work.
Figure 46 - 3D Polylines extended to suit
<LClick> [Finish] to complete the actual command.
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Cut Between 2 Geometries theory.

When using the command Cut Between 2 Geometries, there are two main areas to take into consideration.
• Ghost Tool direction.
• Length of lines.
Ghost Tools
In any use of this type of machining cycle, the direction of the ghost tools is important as in all machining,
however, as we will be working with one line guiding the bottom of the cutter and another guiding the upper
level of the cutter, it is even more important that that the pair are both travelling in the same direction.
Consider a simple 2D straight cut; this can be illustrated as this image.
Figure 47 - Cut Between 2 Geometries theory
With one line representing the top of the part and another for the bottom, both line travelling in the same
direction giving a perfect cut.
Figure 48 - How point matching works when lines are set correctly
The tool path is matching up the lines in a system similar to the construction lines and numbers shown.
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Now consider what happens if the Ghost Tools are in opposite directions.
Figure 49 - When ghost tools are opposite to each other
The process will still link up the numbers, but now the tool will be leaning across the part to start with, standing
straight in the centre, then leaning across to finish.
This is an unacceptable action for the tool.
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Line Length
In a similar manner as the Ghost Tools, but not as catastrophic, are the lengths of the lines.
Again, looking at the first example, the lines are both as long as each other and will give a vertical tool path
action when applied.
Figure 50 - Point matching on lines of equal length
Having lines of unequal length will cause the tool to lean and may give an unacceptable motion but not to the
same excess as if the Ghost Tools are opposite each other.
Figure 51 - Point matching on unequal lines
Altering the lengths of the lines so that they are of a similar length can prove beneficial in the long run, but care
must be taken to follow the original form and not to impact on any surrounding areas.
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Figure 52 - Ensuring that the polylines all are working in the same direction
Turn on the Ghost Tools and check the extracted polylines to ensure that they are correct, adjust any that
would impair your machining process.
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Front Curve
 Depending on how you have extracted the edges, it may prove necessary to check the
Ghost tools on Polylines to ensure that their direction matches.
Also, you need to be aware that the lengths of the polylines need to be the same or very
close so that the drive of the tool is correct and does not create uneven or incorrect tool
paths.
Use MACHINE > Select Tool and select the Flat - 25mm with holder.
Select MACHINE > Cut Between 2 Geometries
General
Figure 53 - Cut Between 2 Geometries General tab
Set the options as follows;

Set Safe Rapid Level = 50, Rapid Down Distance = 20, Feed Down Distance = 10, all other settings can be
left at the default options.
 Setting the Final Z Stock to a negative figure will drive the cutter deeper into the stock if
so needed, cutting past the finished bottom edge.
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Machining Data
Figure 54 - Cut Between 2 Geometries Machining Data tab
Set the Tool Side to  Left (if your ghost tools start at the flats/holes end of the leg).
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3D Lead-In/Out
Figure 55 - Cut Between 2 Geometries 3D Lead In/Out tab
Using the  Auto Lead In/out Edit button, make the settings to Both and the options as
Arc = 10, Line = 20, Angle = 90°.
 Note that on a 3D Lead-In/Out the Radius and Line values are actual distances and not
multipliers of the Tool Radius
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5-Axis Toolpath Optimiser
Figure 56 - 5 Axis Optimiser tab
The 5-Axis Toolpath Optimiser allows you to adjust the settings of the currently set up simulation machine to
correctly allow for any breaks in the toolpath that maybe required to allow certain head type machines to
unwind prior to continuing the toolpath motion.
The applied 3D Lead-In/Out can be applied to the split toolpaths using the copy option.
Should an axis be required to be locked to prevent any rotation from it using the Aixs Type drop down and
selecting the Non option.
You may also wish to restrict the angles of rotation from the prebuilt machine using the Min/Max options when
the Free Rotation option is not active.
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Tool Data
Figure 57 - Cut Between 2 Geometries Tool Data tab
Set the tooling information to suit.

<LClick> [OK].
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You are prompted to select;
1. Programming Geometry. This guides the bottom of the tool.
2. Auxiliary Geometry. This guides the upper section of the tool for lean.
<LClick> the Bottom Polyline as the Programming Geometry and the Polyline on the Spine of the leg as
Auxiliary Geometry.
Figure 58 - Applied toolpath
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Back Curve
 Depending on how you have extracted the edges, it may prove necessary to check the
Ghost tools on Polylines to ensure that their direction matches.
Also, you need to be aware that the lengths of the polylines need to be the same of very
close so that the drive of the tool is correct and does not create uneven or incorrect tool
paths.
General
Set the options as follows;

Set Safe Rapid Level = 50, Rapid Down Distance = 20, Feed Down Distance = 10, all other settings can be
left at the default options.
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Machining Data
Figure 60 - Cut Between 2 Geometries Machining Data tab
On the second dialogue, set the Tool Side to  Left (if your ghost tools start at the flats/holes end of the leg).
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Figure 61 - Cut Between 2 Geometries 3D Lead In/Out tab
Using the  Auto Lead In/out Edit button, make the settings to Both and the options as
Arc = 10, Line = 20, Angle = 90°.
 Note that on a 3D Lead-In/Out the Radius and Line values are actual distances and not
multipliers of the Tool Radius.
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Figure 62 - 5 Axis Optimiser tab
The 5-Axis Toolpath Optimiser allows you to adjust the settings of the currently set up simulation machine to
correctly allow for any breaks in the toolpath that maybe required to allow certain head type machines to
unwind prior to continuing the toolpath motion.
The applied 3D Lead-In/Out can be applied to the split toolpaths using the copy options.
Should an axis be required to be locked to prevent any rotation from it using the Axis Type drop down and
selecting the Non option.
You may also wish to restrict the angles of rotation from the prebuilt machine using the Min/Max options when
the Free Rotation option is not active.
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Tool Data

<LClick> [OK].
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<LClick> the Bottom Polyline as the Programming Geometry and the Polyline on the Spine of the leg as
Auxiliary Geometry.
Figure 64 - Second side applied tool path
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Ends
Select SOLID MODEL EXTRACT > Contour from Picked Edge .
Select the bottom of the Chair Leg to the right of the holes as the edge to extract.
The Bottom of the part for bottom edge and the top of the end triangle face as top edge.
Repeat on smaller end of leg.
Figure 65 - End faces extracted
Use MACHINE > Rough/Finish  Auto Z and Selected.
Choose the two extracted edges as the geometries. Complete the dialogue boxes to suit, making the Z Stock
Amount = -1 to finish the profile below the thickness of the finished part.
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Small 3D triangular area

This area needs to have a 3D finishing strategy applied to it but also requires a new work plane to control the
tilt and twist of the 5 axis head. Manipulate the view of the chair leg so that you are looking directly at the small
3D triangular area above the main curved sweep.
Figure 66 - Small triangle section
Select WORK PLANES > Normal to View

This will create a work plane based on exactly how you are viewing the model at the moment you select the
command.
Use SOLID MODEL EXTRACT > Projected Face Outlines to Work Plane . .
Offset by 1mm and set the option to Delete the original.
Figure 67 - Extracted boundary for machining the small area
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Create the initial driving toolpath.
Use MACHINE > Select Tool and select the Ball End - 6mm + holder.
Select the tool directions option and reset the Ghost Tool for the extracted geometry to Centre.
The type of 3D Finishing strategy we will us on this area, Drive Curves, requires us to first create the items
which will be used as the driving elements. This will be achieved using a standard 2D pocketing cycle; the only
option on the Pocketing Cycle that will bear any relevance to the Drive Curves is the amount of step over
needed which is influenced by the Width of Cut option in the Pocketing dialogue box. This is usually a
percentage figure of the chosen cutter but for this process we need to alter it to a value of 0.4mm to finish
machine the area in question.
After clicking [OK] to complete the pocketing dialogue boxes, click [OK] on the Soft Boundary warning. The
tool will cut to the actual geometry.
Figure 68 - Primary guide 2D pocket cycle
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Applying the Final Machining
Use MACHINE > 3D Machining
Figure 69 - 3D Machining Cycle Selection Dialogue
In the strategy selection dialogue, pick Drive Curves then <LClick> [OK] to continue.
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General
Figure 70 - Drive Curves General tab
Select  Toolpaths.
<LClick> [Pick Drive Curves].
The cycle dialogue will disappear and you will need to <LClick> on the previously created 2D pocket cycle.
Once you have chosen the driving toolpath, the dialogue will reappear with a green tick to indicate that you can
continue.
Figure 71 - Drive Curves using Tool Paths
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<LClick> [OK] to proceed and when prompted, choose the previously created 2D pocket as the Toolpaths for
the Drive Curve.
The only options that need setting are the Safe Rapid Level=50 and the Thickness Above Surface to Rapid
down To=10.
<LClick> [OK] to continue and to complete the dialogue action.
Figure 72 - Completed part seen in simulation
 This is the one remaining cycle that after creation Cannot be edited; any errors will
require the cycle to be completely re-created.
 Copying the 2D cycle and projecting the copy will leave an easy method of editing the
original rather than re-creating.
Save your job with a suitable name.
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Practical example Twisted Handrail
Figure 73 - Sample handrail file
In this tutor lead example, we will look at the practical application of Positional 5 Axis tool paths, Simultaneous
5 Axis tool paths and Tool Axis Conversions so that you can understand the differing requirements.
Select HOME > Open and navigate to “….\ALP TRG 210 Standard 5 Axis 2020\Examples\Drawings\”
folder and open “Twisted Handrail”.
Create a material around the part using 3D > Auto Set Material.
Make the values in the dialogue as follows, Material Top = 10, Material Bottom = -150,
Material XY Stock = 10, ensure that  Associate for auto-update is ticked.
Figure 74 - Using the Associate for auto-update option
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Create a Rectangle from one corner of the new material to the diagonal opposite corner.
Using MACHINE > Clamps/Fixtures > Define Clamps/Fixtures

Select the rectangle as the shape and set the options as follows,
Figure 75 - Setting up the support block information
This creates a correct material for the part to be machined from and a support block to lift the part up from the
machine bed or pods so that the 5 Axis system can rotate without any collisions. This is an important
consideration when working with 5 Axis toolpaths.
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Figure 76 - Handrail with material and support block
 All clamps are created on their own User Layer and are coloured a dark red.
 This is very close to ALPHACAM’s default collision colour so it may prove advisable to
change the layer colour to make any collisions more evident.
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Roughing
Primary Stage
From the Training Folder select the Flat 25mm with Holder.
Using MACHINE > 3D Machining ,
Figure 77 - 3D Machining Cycle selection dialogue
Set the options to Z Contour Roughing.
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General
Figure 78 - Z Contour Roughing General tab
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Levels and Cuts

Figure 79 - Z Contour Roughing Levels and Cuts tab
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Machining Data
Figure 80 - Z Contour Roughing Machining Data tab
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Tool Data
Set the tooling options as required.
Figure 81 - Z Contour Roughing Tool Data tab
<LClick> [OK], when prompted select the handrail solid as the item to machine and allow ALPHACAM to
apply the toolpath as per your settings.
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Secondary Stage.
Front Face
For the secondary roughing stages, we need to create three work planes to control the position of the 5 axis
system. These new work planes will be on the front face of the work volume, on the rear face of the work
volume and a work plane based on an angled slice through the work volume.
Create a work plane on the front face using WORK PLANES > Slice Through Work Volume .
If the work plane datum does not line up with the global datum,
use WORK PLANES > Set Work Plane Origin

Make two rectangular boundaries to suit the areas to be machined on this work plane. The positions of the
boundaries are as follows;
X-5, Y-135 to X280, Y-22.
and
X270, Y-135 to X430, Y-22.
A third boundary needs to be created using a rectangle with these values;

X412, Y-135 to X550, Y-22.
Then extracting the end face of the hand rail to the work plane using
SOLID MODEL EXTRACT > Projected Face Outlines to Work Plane , edit the resulting two
geometries so that the final boundary looks like this.
Figure 82 - Third boundary shape on front face work plane
As the end detail used a Feature Extracted profile, the Tool directions will have been set using the current
ALPHACAM defaults, for this process we require the Tool Side to be on Centre, so the boundary will need
adjusting to suit using the Tool Directions option.
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Set the strategy to Z Contour Roughing.
Left Boundary area
Figure 83 - Use the Auto Update option
 Note the changes to  Auto-update material from previous operations
 and  Use Boundaries.
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On the Levels and Cuts tab, ensure that the  Auto option is NOT ticked to allow you to enter alternate depth
options. Note that the upper and lower Z limits cannot be exceeded from their original values.
For the first boundary section make the options as shown below.
Figure 84 – Levels and Cuts using specific Z depths
The remaining tabs are unaltered as we are using the same tool. Apply the tool path when prompted.
Centre Boundary area

The only difference on the Centre Boundary options is to alter the second dialogue box
Material Bottom value to -100.
Right Boundary area

The only difference on the Right Boundary options is to alter the second dialogue box
Material Bottom value to -50.
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Rear Face
Create a work plane on the rear face using WORK PLANES > Slice Through Work Volume . Use the
Reverse Current Plane option to ensure that the work plane is set up correctly.
Use WORK PLANES > Set Work Plane Origin to set the work plane datum to the top left corner of the
work volume when looking directly at that face,
Create a rectangular boundary as follows; X-5, Y-101 to X555, Y-22.

Set the dialogue boxes as per the previous options but on the Levels and Cuts tab, alter the Material Bottom
value to -20.
Angled reference Face

Cancel any work planes in use and alter the view of the part to the XY top down option. In this view, create a
line across the curved section of the hand rail to allow us to rough machine the material on the side of the turn.
Figure 85 - Created guide line
Use this line to create a work plane as previously done using
WORK PLANES > Slice Through Work Volume , then click the angled line as the reference element.
On this new work plane, create a suitable rectangular boundary that encloses all the curved section of the
handrail and overlaps the previous machining.

Set the dialogue boxes as per the previous options but on the Levels and Cuts tab alter the following;
Alter the Material Bottom value to -40.
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Rough the Spindle rebate
Using SOLID MODEL EXTRACT > 3D Edge Extraction acquire the profile along the top and bottom
edges of the spindle rebate walls.
Use GEOMETRY > Edit 3D Polyline ,in the dialogue box.
Figure 86 - Edit 3D Polyline options
Choose  Extend. <LClick> [OK].
In the next dialogue.
Figure 87 - Extending all extracted lines

Make the option for line selection to  Multiple and the ends option to  Both
<LClick> [OK] to continue, the <LClick> [All] at the bottom to select the four polylines.
<LClick> [Finish] to complete.
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Also check that the ghost tools of the polylines are all pointing in the same direction.
Figure 88 - Polylines set up correctly for machining
 Accessing the Layers Project manager page and renaming the polylines for
identification will assist in complex parts.

Figure 89 - Renaming geometry elements for ease of identification
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General
Set Safe Rapid Level = 50,

Rapid Down Distance = 20,
Feed Down Distance = 10.
Make the Final XY Stock = 3 and the Final Z Stock = 3.
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Machining Data
Figure 91 - Cut Between 2 Geometries Machining data tab
On the second dialogue, set the Tool Side to;

•  Left if you wish to machine the front edge first,
•  Right if you intend to machine the rear face first.
 Remember that both options are based on the direction of the Ghost Tools, you will
need to have these visible when using this machining cycle.
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3D Lead-in/Out
As this machining is to and from areas outside of the model, there is no real need for lead in/out settings.
Figure 92 - Cut Between 2 Geometries 3D Lead-In/Out tab
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As this machining a simple pass along the side of the part, there is no requirement for the Optimiser to be
active.
Figure 93 - Cut Between 2 Geometries Optimiser
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Tool Data

<LClick> [OK].
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<LClick> a Bottom Polyline as the Programming Geometry and an Upper Polyline as

Auxiliary Geometry of the face you intend to machine.
Perform the process on the second wall to complete the roughing of the rebate.
Figure 95 - Applied tool paths
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Rough the Spindle rebate tops

Using Cut Between 2 Geometries is one method of creating a simultaneous 5 axis tool path, a second
method is to use the solid model faces as guides.
This cycle is Cut Spline or Polyline

Cut Spline or Polyline uses a single polyline as a guide for the bottom of the cutter but instead of a second line
for the upper guide, the faces of the solid model are used to control the twist and tilt.
Figure 96 - Cut Spline or Polyline Machining Data
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Tool Axis Control options

On the second dialogue page are several specific options that allow fine control of the action of the toolpath.
Type Rotational toolpath about the Y

4-Axis (XZrot)
axis.
Rotational toolpath about the X

4 Axis (YZrot)
axis.
5-Axis Full 5 axis motion toolpath.

Figure 97 - Axis to rotate on
Cuts the path using the bottom

Normal To
of the cutter.
Tool Angle
Cuts the path using the flutes

Parallel To
of the cutter.
Creates a toolpath based on

the bottom of the cutter which
Angle to Normal
can then be altered using the
of
Side Tilt and Direction Angle
options.
Allows for a manipulation of a 5
Fixed Angle -
Axis toolpath based on a
Perpendicular to
specific vector angle to the
Path
chosen polyline.
Fixed Angle –
As above but in relation to the
Perpendicular to
X and Y movement.
X or Y Axis
Figure 98 - Tool Angle drop down options
Allows for a user defined angle

set to be applied to the
Fixed Tool Angle
toolpath independent of the
chosen polyline.
A specific style of angle control
using values between 0 and 1
Set Tool Vector to describe an angle setting
with zero being 0° and 1 being
90°.
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Guide Options
Uses a chosen surface to create the Tool

Surfaces
Angle from.
Uses a chosen solid model body as the

Solid Model Bodies
reference for the Tool Angle.
Uses a selected face from a solid model as

Figure 99 - Tool Angle guide options Solid Model Faces
the Tool Angle reference.
Tool Side Left

Based on the Ghost Tools, these options are
Centre set to suit the required side of the area to be
cut.
Right
Allows the user to turn on the Ghost Tools without exiting the
 Show Ghost Tools cycle to make the choice of side easier.
Only applicable to post processors for machine controls that

 Machine Comp (G41/42) can apply tool compensation to non 2D toolpaths.
 Apply Auto Lead-In/Out Applies a Lead-In/Out based on the dialogue options set.
Consideration must also be taken to the limits of the actual machine movements when selecting the controlling
aspects for this type of cycle.
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Use MACHINE > Cut Spline or Polyline
General
Figure 100 - Cut spline or Polyline General tab
Set the Safe Rapid Level to 50, the Feed Down Distance to 20. Set the Depth of Cut to -1.
 This is the only Depth dialogue box that requires a negative value to leave material ON
in the Z axis direction.
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Tool Data
Figure 101 - Cut Spline or Polyline Tool Data tab
<LClick> [OK].
When prompted for a polyline to select,
<LClick> one of the upper polylines extracted earlier.
Figure 102 - Select the upper polyline as the guide
<LClick> [Finish (ESC)] to continue.
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Machining Data
Figure 103 - Cut Spline or Polyline Machining Data tab
Setting the Tool Angle to Normal to allows for machining on the bottom of the cutter and the
 Solid Model Faces controls the tilt and twist of the head or table depending on the machine type.
 Centre places the full diameter of the tool over the face we wish to machine.
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3D Lead-In/Out
Figure 104 - Cut spline or Polyline 3D Lead-In/Out tab
Due to the extended polyline, no lead in or out is required on this example.
<LClick> [OK].
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5-Axis Optimiser
Figure 105 - Machine Polyline 5-Axis Optimiser
Machine Along Spline/ Polyline also has the option to use the 5-Axis Toolpath Optimiser settings if required.
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When prompted, select the solid model face that corresponds to the chosen polyline.
Figure 106 - Selecting the face to machine
<LClick> [Finish (ESC)] to continue.
Repeat the process on the second top face.
Figure 107 - Applied tool paths
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End Trimming
To create the correct driving geometries for the two ends we need to set up two new work planes using
WORK PLANES > From Solid Model Face .

Make a work plane from the left hand end of the model.
Draw two Lines, one along the bottom edge of the rebate feature and a second along the bottom face of the
handrail. Extend these lines 25mm on each end so that they are beyond the model features.
Use the Ghost tools and Tool Directions if required to ensure that the two lines are travelling in the same
direction.
Repeat the process on the right hand end of the hand rail.
Figure 108 - Created work planes and geometry for the end faces
Select WORK PLANES > Cancel Work Plane
Select MACHINE > Cut Between 2 Geometries set the options as follows;
Set Safe Rapid Level = 50,

Rapid Down Distance = 20,
Feed Down Distance = 10 on the first dialogue page, make the Final XY Stock = 1 and the Final Z Stock = -
1.
On the second dialogue, set the Tool Side options to suit the tool being on the outside of the model depending
on the ghost tool directions.
As this machining to and from areas outside of the model, there is no real need for lead in/out settings
required.
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Alternative End Trimming 1

If the manufacturing method permits, then the use of the
SOLID MODEL EXTRACT >Edge for Sawing extraction technique can be used instead.
This method will generate the correct geometry options that will then create the work planes for the toolpaths
as the sawing cycle is applied.
This method is only suitable for machines that support 5-axis sawing.

Extracting the lower edge of each face as shown using
SOLID MODEL EXTRACT > 3D Edge Extraction , then using
MACHINE > Cut Spline or Polyline and making the Tool Angle option to  Parallel to  Solid
Model Faces.
Then applying the cycle as previously described.

Depending on the limitations of the machine in use, it could also be feasible to use Feature Extraction to
generate the complete end face profiles and then use a 2D pocket cycle to clean the faces.
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Finishing
To create a good working element to finish the rebate floor, it is necessary to manipulate the model and create
guide surfaces for the machining strategy we will use.
Surface Extraction
Using SOLID MODEL EXTRACT > Surfaces from Faces extract the two faces of the spindle rebate
sides.
Figure 109 - Extracting the side wall surfaces
Use EDIT > Break,Join etc > Offset to offset the side faces of the spindle rebate inbound by 6mm.
setting the option  Delete Original may assist in identifying the required options later.
Figure 110 - Using the Surface offset option
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Figure 111 - Extra surfaces after using the Offset command
 Note that there is no requirement to choose a side for the offset when working with
surfaces, the offset will always be in the direction away from the Silver (outer) surface
face.
Offsetting in this manner will allow a 10mm Ball End cutter to finish the rebate floor without touching the walls.
 When creating surfaces using the Feature Extraction method, you will always gain the
outer edges of the surfaces. In this case, we do not require these additional extracted
geometries, so you can delete them to avoid confusion.
Figure 112 - Delete the original surfaces and the acquired outline profiles
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Creating the new floor driving surface

Extract the edges of the two new surfaces with 3D > Edit Surfaces > Extract Edge From surfaces.
Figure 113 - Full extracted edges of offset surfaces
Break the extracted polylines on the lower edges at each extreme corner.
Figure 114 - Location to Break the geometry
Delete the unwanted lines that formed the top edges and the ends of the surfaces.
Figure 115 - Remaining required polylines
Depending on how the extraction and offset process worked, you may have to use the Join command to
create two single polylines.
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To allow the toolpath to machine correctly the polylines need to be extended as the offsetting process creates
a shorter line on one side.
Figure 116 - The polylines will need manipulation in this example
Use GEOMETRY > Edit 3D Polyline ,

in the dialogue box choose  Extend.
Figure 117 - Edit 3D Polyline dialogue
<LClick> [OK].
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Make the option for line selection to  Multiple and the ends option to  Both.
Figure 118 - Extend Polyline dialogue
<LClick> [OK] to continue, then <LClick> [All] at the bottom to select the four polylines.
<LClick> [Finish (ESC)] to complete.
Figure 119 - Extended Polylines beyond the end of the part
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Finally create a polyline from one bottom edge line to the other.
Figure 120 - Creating the linking polylines for the surface generation process
Using GEOMETRY > 3D Surfaces

Make the option in the dialogue box  Coons Patch (4 curves), Pick one of the linking polylines as the first
line, select one of the bottom surfaces edges as the second, choose the second link line as the third option
and finally the second surface edge as the last element.
You will be presented with a dialogue box asking for a number of steps along the major and minor sides, these
values go towards the precision of the finished surface. Higher values will give a more precise surface to follow
and by that, a better quality of finish.
Figure 121 - Completed surface for machining
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Rebate floor finishing

Select the Ball End 10mm + holder for the next machining operation.
Use MACHINE > 3D Machining
Figure 122 - 3D Machining strategy selector
Set the Type drop down to 5-Axis and the Strategy drop down to Parameter Lines
As a rule, it is usually easier to program a 3 Axis tool path and then use the conversion processes detailed
earlier in this manual to create the required 5 Axis path, however in this example, this is one of those times that
you can apply the cycle directly as a 5 Axis option from the start due to the simple nature of the area to be
machined will not cause any strange axis moves.
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General
Figure 123 – Parameter Lines General tab
Set the options as shown.
Machining Data
Figure 124 – Parameter Lines Machining Data tab
Set the options as shown.
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Tool Data
Figure 125 - Parameter Lines Tool Data tab
Set the options to suit, then <LClick> [OK].
Select the newly created base surface as the item to machine, for the Start Point click close to one corner of
the open ends of the rebate.
Figure 126 - Setting a location for the Start Point of the cycle
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Figure 127 - Choosing the second point for direction of cut
For the Direction option, click along the rebate to create the direction vector.
Direction of cut is dictated by the second choice, selecting a point along the sweep of the rebate will drive the
tool path around the sweep whereas selecting a point along the open edge away from the chosen start point
will force the cut to be across the rebate.
Figure 128 - Applied tool path
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Rebate Inside Wall Finishing

To finish the side walls of the rebate, change the tool to the 12mm Flat + Holder.
Set Safe Rapid Level = 50, Rapid Down Distance = 20, Feed Down Distance = 10 on the first dialogue
page, make the Final XY Stock =0 and the Final Z Stock = 0.
On the second dialogue, set the Tool Side options to suit the tool being on the inside of the model depending
on the ghost tool directions. As this machining is to and from areas outside of the model, there is no real need
for lead in/out settings required.
When you have made you choices in all dialogue boxes and clicked the appropriate [OK] buttons, pick Bottom
Polyline as the Programming Geometry and the Top Polyline of the wall as
Auxiliary Geometry.
Perform the process on the second wall to complete the finishing of the rebate walls.
End Finish Trim
Select WORK PLANES > Cancel Work Plane
page.
Set the Number of Cuts =3, Initial Z Stock = 50, Final XY Stock = 0 and the Final Z Stock = -1.
 The only requirement in this example for 3 cuts is that the tool length does not permit a
single pass; if a suitable cutter was selected then the Number of Cuts could be set to zero.
on the ghost tool directions. As this machining to and from areas outside of the model, there is no real need for
lead in/out settings required.
When you have made you choices in all dialogue boxes and clicked the appropriate [OK] buttons, pick Bottom
Polyline of one end as the Programming Geometry and the Top Polyline of the same end as Auxiliary
Geometry.
 Alternatively, if your process permits, then using the Saw option to drive a 5 Axis saw
cut will work as well, so long as you have used the Edge for Sawing option as described
earlier.
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Finish handrail profile

Care must be taken when working with Form Cutters, as we will be using on this hand rail form.
In certain circumstance the actual form cutter will not be able to create the entire swept profile due to the twist
and turn of the hand rail.
The size of the cutter and the twist of the form created will tend to force the cutter to overcut and dig into the
finished part. This is unacceptable and a process plan for the form needs to be created to allow the form cutter
to do as much work as it can and save time in the programming process.
This will also allow you to understand which areas require specific 5-axis toolpaths to be generated to blend
the form correctly.
Using 3D > SOLID MODEL EXTRACT > 3D Edge Extraction acquire the upper and lower profile edges
along the flat faces above the form, on both sides, which sweeps along the hand rail edge. Ensure that the
ghost tools of each pair of polylines are pointing in the same direction.
Figure 129 - Extracting the outside polyline options
page, make the Final XY Stock =0 and the Final Z Stock = -2.
on the ghost tool directions.
 Note that whilst Cut Between 2 Geometries has been described in the last three
machining options, the use of Cut Spline or Polyline is also an acceptable option, it all
depends on the items required to control the toolpath as to which would be the most suitable
option.
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Use the Edit option for the  Apply Auto Lead In/Out and make the values as follows
Figure 130 - Lead In/Out modifiers
The Lead-Out Side will depend on the side the tool is set to work on, if you are on the Right
in the Machining set up dialogue then the setting on this dialogue needs to be Right
Use the lower polyline of one face as the driving geometry and the upper polyline of the same face as the
auxiliary item. Repeat the machining cycle on the opposite face.
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From the tooling library, select the Handrail Cutter.
Using 3D > SOLID MODEL EXTRACT > 3D Edge Extraction acquire the two inner face edges of the
underside of the hand rail.
Figure 131 - Underside polylines as the guides to drive the handrail form tool
Use MACHINE > Cut Spline or Polyline Set the Safe Rapid Level to 50, the Rapid Down To value to
20. Set the Depth of Cut to 0. Set the Stock to Be Left to 15 to use this pass as a Roughing cut on the front
side.
Make any alterations to the tool data, then <LClick> [OK].
Select the polyline closest to the front side of the hand rail as the item to be cut.
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On the Machining Data tab, set the options as per this image.
Figure 132 - Using Angle to Normal of allows use of underside options
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Set the  Apply Lead In/Out options and make the settings as
Figure 133 - Lead In/Out options
The 5-Axis Optimiser is not required for this operation
<LClick> [OK] to continue.

For the final face selection, choose the very bottom face of the hand rail.
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Figure 134 - Setting the underside face as the guide for the cut
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<RClick> on this new operation and select the option Copy Operation, edit the copy and change the Stock to
Be Left to 0 to create a Finish pass.
Repeat the process for the far side profile, there may be no requirement for a Roughing pass on the far profile
so alter the Stock to Be Left to 0.
ALPHACAM will remember the initial settings of the strategy, not the edited ones.
Choose the far polyline as the driver. Select the bottom face of the hand rail.
 At this point it may prove beneficial to run a simulation for the part to see how the two
Finishing cutters interact with each other and if the Handrail Cutter is gouging.
 If there are visible issues, you would need to edit the toolpaths or alter the polylines to
enhance the machining to produce a more qualified solution.
As you can see from this example there are several errors with trying to run the form cutter along the entire
handrail. These are the typical scenarios you will encounter in real world manufacturing.
The type of modification will require one of the following options:
• Break and trim the polylines then update the tool paths.
• Break and delete the tool paths to the required positions and alter the Lead In/out.
Both are viable options, the only concern being that modifying the tool paths and not the underlying geometries
could lead to problems if the tool paths are subsequently updated due to new feeds/speeds etc. and they may
return to the original length of the polyline.
It may prove slightly more difficult be adjusting the primary geometry can lead to more stable results.
Trim the two underside polylines at approximately this location, then update the Lead In/Out to suit and update
the tool paths.
Figure 135 - Approximate location to trim the polylines to
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Finish blending curved profile

In a situation like this hand rail where the Form cutter will gouge the part, it is necessary to employ some of the
more versatile options available in ALPHACAM via the Tool Axis Conversion settings as described earlier in
this manual.
In this final section, we will look at practical applications of the Tool Axis Conversion process.
To place the correct style of machining in the remaining areas of the hand rail, we need to create a new work
plane to the front side using the WORK PLANES > Normal to View option, this will create a work plane
based on exactly how you are viewing the model at the moment you select the command.
Figure 136 - Work Plane generated on the side using Normal to View
On this new work plane, extract all the side profile faces (remember the top most face has already been
finished so does not need selecting) to the work plane using
3D > SOLID MODEL EXTRACT > Projected Face Outlines to Work Plane .
Edit the resulting geometries to create a single boundary element.
Figure 137 - Extracted and manipulated geometry to create a suitable boundary
You should have a similar result to the image above.

The face extraction process has created a boundary to contain the machining.
Ensure that the Tool Side is on Centre to allow machining to include the boundary.
Feature Extraction will have set the tool side but it will be incorrect for the processing we need.
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From the Tool Library, select the Ball End - 6mm + holder.
Select MACHINE > 3D Machining
Figure 138 - 3D Machining strategy selection
Make the options 3-Axis and Projected Contours.
 It is very rare to set a Solid Machining cycle to a direct 5 Axis option due to the control
points used for the Tilt and Twist actions. It is better to apply a good working 3 Axis option
and then manipulate to suit the 5 Axis motion required.
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Select the outer boundary created from the part faces when prompted.
Set both Stock options to 5mm and the Safe Rapid and Rapid Down to options to 100mm.
Set a suitable Width of cut to finish the part, this can be altered later.
Select the four main faces of the hand rail used to generate the boundary when prompted to create the tool
path.
To alter the 3-Axis tool path to the 5-Axis item we wish to use, we will need to create a reference line that the
conversion process can use.
Use GEOMETRY > 3D Polyline from X280, Y-165, Z0 to X280, Y-165, Z-80 to create this axis line.
Figure 139 - Geometry boundary initial applied tool path and extra polyline
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In the Operations Project Manager page, locate the Projected Contours tool path previously created and
<RClick> on the cycle.
Select the Tool Axis Conversion option.
Make the settings match this dialogue box.
Figure 140 - Tool axis conversion options
When prompted for the Axis of Revolution, select the previous Polyline.
To allow the correct direction of conversion you will be asked if the Axis lies on the Tool side of the part, it
does so click [Yes].
To create the Finish tool path for this set of faces, right click on the new tool path and choose the Copy
Operation option.
Then right click on the copied tool path and select Edit.
Alter both Stock options to 0 to create the finishing tool path.
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Figure 141 – Work Plane and suitable boundary on the reverse side
Using the Work Plane created for the Rear roughing process, extract the edges of the main faces for the rear
of the curve.
If the previously created Rear Angled work plane does not give the best aspect to select the required faces for
machining, create a new work plane using the Normal to View option as for the first side.
 NOTE
 If you must use the Normal to View option, you will need to manipulate the resulting
work plane using the Parallel to Current Plane option to move to the correct side of the
model. Work planes created in the Normal to View manner will always have their Z origin
matching the Global origin.
Use the same tool and machining process to create a finish tool path on this view of the part. Depending on
the amount of material left from the Form Cutter pass, there may not be a need for a roughing version of the
Projected Contour tool path.
Use the Tool Axis Conversion option once more but this time, select the  Through Point option and when
prompted select the bottom of the previously created polyline.
When requested, select the [No] option for the point side.
 Using the Automatic Rapid Manager will assist in creating correct lift of the head to
transition to differing areas of the part during machining.
There may be a requirement to add manual paths to force correct simulation as a safety feature.
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Version amendments
V Amendment Description A Software Version Amended Date

11 Minor text formatting alterations. 1 2020.1 11/10/2019
11 Template altered to Hexagon branding 0 2020.0 15/03/2019
ALPHACAM 2020.1
Standard 5 Axis
ALPHACAM
Floor Two Tel.+44 (0) 1189 226677
No. One, Waterside Drive Email. alphacaminfo@hexagon.com
Arlington Business Park Web. www.alphacam.com
Theale
Reading Support. support.alphacam.uk@hexagon.com
Berkshire Portal. customers.ps.hexagonmi.com
RG7 4SA
United Kingdom

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ALPHACAM 2020.

Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

Conventions used in this manual............................................................................................. vii

Recommended Operating Systems and Hardware for ALPHACAM .................................... viii

Hexagon Customer Portal .......................................................................................................... ix

ALPHACAM esupport .................................................................................................................. x

Tool Axis Conversion .................................................................................................................. 2

Cut With side of tool .................................................................................................................. 20

Practical example Chair Leg ................................................................................................... 21

Practical example Twisted Handrail ....................................................................................... 62

FIGURE 105 - MACHINE POLYLINE 5-AXIS OPTIMISER 89

Conventions used in this manual

Denotes a <LClick> or Primary Mouse Button Click.

 This is a note. It contains useful or additional information.

 This is a reference. It directs you to another part of the user guide.

 This is a highlighted note to emphasise information

 This is a warning; it contains information that you must not ignore.

 This is a tip. It is generally used in exercises and offers further advice.

1. This is the first line of a number list item

• The order is not important.

Recommended Operating Systems and Hardware for

Supported Operating Systems

• 64bit operating systems of the following list are supported,

• Windows 7 (Professional, Enterprise or Ultimate) SP1 required,

• Windows 8.1 Professional and Enterprise,

• Windows 10 Professional and Enterprise.

• Nvidia or ATI Open GL Graphics Card with 1Gb dedicated memory

ALPHACAM Minimum Specifications

Hexagon Customer Portal

• Unlimited user logins for your company.

• Access to all your licenses for easy reference.

• View what is available on your support and maintenance schedule.

• Reference to the Customer Support Charter at any time.

• View the status of your Technical Support cases.

• View all purchased Professional Services like Training and Consultancy.

Figure 1 - Customer Support Portal

For the Hexagon Customer Portal visit customers.ps.hexagonmi.com

Figure 2 - esupport page

Tool Axis Conversion

Figure 3 - Explanation of Tool Axis Conversion dialogue

Convert 3D work plane tool path to Vertical

Figure 4 - Spiral cycle created in a work plane

Figure 5 - Spiral cycle converted to a 3 axis toolpath not on a work plane

Convert 2 Axis tool path in work plane to Vertical

Figure 6 - 2D Pocket Cycle applied on a Work Plane

Figure 7 - 2D pocket cycle converted from a work plane to Vertical

Parallel tool paths

Figure 8 - Parallel Strategy as applied

Figure 9 - Tool Axis Conversion at the centre of the circle

Helical Z tool paths in work plane

Figure 10 - Z Enhanced Undercuts converted to Vertical through an axis

Figure 11 - Initial Horizontal Z toolpath

Figure 12 - Toolpath altered using a boundary to

Normal to Curve or Curves

Figure 13 - Toolpath conversion using a guide curves

XY Rotation Tool at Fixed Tilt Angle

Figure 14 - Converted toolpath along a specified angle from vertical

Project through Point

Figure 15 - Tool path conversion through a point on the tool side

Figure 16 - Through a point on the opposite side from the tool