Control Valve Actuator

What Is Control
Valve?
Control Valve is...
• Valves to control flow, pressure, temperature,
and liquid level by fully or partially opening or closing
in response to signals received from controllers that

compare a "setpoint" to a “process variable” whose
value is provided by sensors that monitor changes in
such conditions.
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Why Control Valves used?
• Process plants consist of hundreds of control loops
all networked together to produce a product.
• Each of these control loops is designed to keep

some important process variable (pressure, flow,
level, temperature)
Three Main Parts
How The Valve Is Controlled?
• The arm muscle and hand → actuator
• Positioning its movable part → Plug, ball, vane
• Accurately locate the valve plug in a position dictated
by the control signal.
Control Valve Arrangement
 GATE VALVE
Types  BUTTERFLY VALVE
 CHECK VALVE
Of  GLOBE VALVE
Valve  DIAPHRAGM VALVE
 NEEDLE VALVE
 PISTON VALVE
Types Of Control Valve
• a) Pneumatic
• b) Electrical
• c) Hydraulic
a) Pneumatic actuators
i. Piston actuators
• The compressed air is applied to a solid piston
contained within a solid cylinder.
• Piston actuators can be single acting or double acting
• withstand higher input pressures and can offer

smaller cylinder volumes
• act at high speed.
ii. Diaphragm actuators
• Diaphragm actuators have compressed air applied to
a flexible membrane called the diaphragm.
Valve Type
• Valve A are air to close type, indicating, if the air
fails, the valve will be fully open.
• Opposite for the case for valve B.
Number of Plugs
• Control valves can also be characterized in terms of
the number of plugs present as :
i. Single-seated valve
ii. Double-seated valve
Single Seated & Double Seated
Advantages
&
Disadvantages
Single Seated
• Advantage :
• Fully closed
• Flow variation (0% to 100%)
• Disadvantage:
• Construction, pressure drop across the orifice, a
large upward force is present in the orifice area.
• Large force required to move the valve against
this upward thrust.
• Suitable for small flow rate.
Double Seated
• Advantages:
• Flow moves upward in one orifice area, and downward in the
other orifice.
• Almost zero resultant upward or downward thrust.
• Less force required to move double-seated valve.
• Disadvantage:
• Flow cannot be shut off completely.
• If one plug is tightly closed, there is usually a small gap
between the other plug and its seat.
b) Hydraulic Control Valve
• Hydraulic actuators provide for semi-automatic or automatic positioning of
the valve (similar to pneumatic actuators).
• These actuators use a piston to convert a signal pressure into valve stem
motion
• A control valve slides in a cylinder and alters the flow of the fluid
• Hydraulic fluid is fed to either side of the piston while the other side is
drained or bled
• Solenoid valves are typically used for automatic
control of the hydraulic fluid to direct either opening
or closing of the valve
• Manual valves can also be used for controlling the

hydraulic fluid thus providing semi-automatic
operation.
Piston operated
control valve
• The hydraulic control valve shown in figure above is
normally held in the CLOSED position by both a spring
force and by the main pressure acting against the disk
• When hydraulic pressure is admitted to the underside of

the piston a force is created to overcome both the spring
tension and the main pressure, causing the valve to open
• When hydraulic pressure is released from under the
piston, the spring force the hydraulic fluid out of the
cylinder thus closing the valve.
• A ratchet lever is fitted to the valve so in an

emergency, the valve can be opened by hand
c) Electrical Actuator Control Valve
1. Motor
2. Limit and
torque
sensor
3. Gearing
4. Valve
Attachment
5. Manual
Operation
6. Electrical
Connection
Working Principle
MOTOR
• Three-phase AC motor are mostly used as the

driving force.
• Single-phase AC or DC motors
• Higher starting torque (asst by capacitors)
• NOT design to run for continues operation
• Robust
LIMIT & TORQUE SENSOR
• The limit switch send signal when the end position
has been reached.
• Torque switching measures the torque present in
the valve.
• Remote position transmitter which indicates the
valve position.
GEARING
• Excessive reduction ratio between gear stage is use
to reduce the high output speed of the electric
motor.
VALVE ATTACHMENT
• The flange used to firmly connect the actuator to
the counterpart on the valve side.
• The higher the torque to be transmitted, the larger
the flange required.
MANUAL OPERATION
• Power failure.
• Handwheel DOES NOT move during motor
operation.
• During manual operation :
i. Electronic torque limiting device will not be
functioning.
ii. Mechanical torque limiting device used.
Electrical connection
• Supply cables of the motor and the signal cables
used.
• To transmit the commands to the actuator and

sending feedback signals on the actuator status.

Control Valve Actuator

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What Is Control

in response to signals received from controllers that

• Each of these control loops is designed to keep

• The arm muscle and hand → actuator

• Positioning its movable part → Plug, ball, vane

• Accurately locate the valve plug in a position dictated

by the control signal.

Types  BUTTERFLY VALVE

Valve  DIAPHRAGM VALVE

• Piston actuators can be single acting or double acting

• withstand higher input pressures and can offer

• act at high speed.

ii. Double-seated valve

• Manual valves can also be used for controlling the

• When hydraulic pressure is admitted to the underside of

• A ratchet lever is fitted to the valve so in an

• Three-phase AC motor are mostly used as the

• Higher starting torque (asst by capacitors)

• NOT design to run for continues operation

• To transmit the commands to the actuator and

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