South Sudan Humanitarian Response Plan

HUMANITARIAN HUMANITARIAN
PROGRAMME CYCLE
2023
RESPONSE PLAN ISSUED DECEMBER 2022
SOUTH SUDAN
01
HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE PLAN 2023
About
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This document is consolidated by OCHA on behalf of the Humanitarian

Country Team and partners. The Humanitarian Response Plan is OCHA coordinates humanitarian action
a presentation of the coordinated, strategic response devised by to ensure crisis-affected people receive
humanitarian agencies in order to meet the acute needs of people the assistance and protection they
affected by the crisis. It is based on, and responds to, evidence of needs need. It works to overcome obstacles
described in the Humanitarian Needs Overview. that impede humanitarian assistance
from reaching people affected by crises,
and provides leadership in mobilizing
RUBKONA COUNTY
A woman carries a bucket of water on her head from a surface water treatment system
assistance and resources on behalf of the
(SWAT) water point for people displaced to the Bentiu IDP site A in Bentiu town. Photo: humanitarian system
OCHA/Sarah Waiswa www.unocha.org/south-sudan
twitter.com/ochasouthsudan
The designations employed and the presentation of material in the report do not imply the
expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations
concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or
concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Humanitarian Response aims to be the

central website for Information Management
tools and services, enabling information
exchange between clusters and IASC
members operating within a protracted or
sudden onset crisis.
www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/
operations/south-sudan
Humanitarian Action supports decision-

makers by giving them access to key
humanitarian data. It provides the latest
verified information on needs and delivery
of the humanitarian response as well as
financial contributions.
https://bit.ly/3Vd4DXh
The Financial Tracking Service (FTS) is the

primary provider of continuously updated
data on global humanitarian funding, and
is a major contributor to strategic decision
making by highlighting gaps and priorities,
thus contributing to effective, efficient and
principled humanitarian assistance.
https://bit.ly/3PnAYcn
02

Table of Contents
05 Foreword
06 Response by Strategic Objective
07 HRP Key Figures
08 Historic Trends
09 Crisis Context and Impact
10 Part 1: Strategic Response Priorities

11 1.1 Humanitarian Conditions and Underlying Factors Targeted for Response
12 1.2 HRP Prioritization and Targeting
13 1.3 Strategic Objectives, Specific Objectives and Response Approach
16 1.4 Costing Methodology
17 1.5 Access, Operational Capacity and Planning Assumptions
20 1.6 Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
21 1.7 Accountability to Affected Populations
22 1.8 Consolidated Overview on the Use of Multi-Purpose Cash
23 Part 2: Response Monitoring

24 2.1 Monitoring Approach
25 2.2 Strategic and Specific Objectives Indicators and Target
32 Part 3: Cluster/Sector Objectives and Response

33 Overview of Sectoral Response
38 3.1 Camp Coordination and Camp Management
40 3.2 Coordination and Common Services
42 3.3 Education
44 3.4 Food Security and Livelihoods
47 3.5 Health
49 3.6 Logistics
51 3.7 Nutrition
53 3.8 Protection
59 3.9 Shelter and Non-Food Items
61 3.10 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
63 Part 4: Refugee Response Plan

67 Part 5: Abyei Administrative Area Response Plan
70 Part 6: Annexes
71 6.1 Participating Organizations
74 6.2 Response by Geography
75 6.3 Towards Integrated, Coherent and Coordinated Humanitarian and Development Delivery
77 6.4 What if We Fail to Respond?
78 6.5 Monitoring Framework
78 6.6 How to Contribute
79 6.7 Acronyms
80 6.8 End Notes
03
RUBKONA COUNTY
A child collects water from the tap at a SWAT water point for displaced people at
the Bentiu IDP site A in Bentiu town. The water point serves over 15,000 internally
displaced persons (IDPs) in the area. Photo: OCHA/Sarah Waiswa
04

Foreword
As we enter 2023, people in South Sudan continue to face To address the most critical needs of 6.8 million vulnerable
multiple challenges – conflict, endemic violence, climatic people, the 2023 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) will
shocks such as flooding and localized drought, food require US$1.7 billion. Only timely and at-scale funding
insecurity, and disease outbreaks. A staggering 76 per will enable us to respond to people’s needs. Humanitarian
cent of South Sudan's population will need some form of workers must be able to work in a safe and secure
humanitarian and protection assistance in 2023, up by 4 per operational environment to deliver on our commitments and
cent since last year. support the most vulnerable people.
A surge in sub-national violence and flooding have displaced After years of prolonged conflict, chronic vulnerabilities, and
thousands in 2022, limiting their access to critical life-saving mounting needs for life-saving humanitarian assistance and
humanitarian assistance. Many of the 2.2 million people protection, the need for a new integrated approach bringing
living in protracted displacement cannot return to their together peace, humanitarian and development actors is now
homes. Trying to make a living in conflict and flood-affected even more relevant. Much of what needs to get done in South
areas remains challenging. It is projected that 8 million Sudan is beyond the scope of the humanitarian community.
people may be severely food-insecure at the peak of the In 2023, I will continue to lead the efforts to work together
lean season between April and July in 2023, while more than across peacebuilding, humanitarian, and development pillars
1.4 million children may suffer from acute malnutrition and to bridge and bring synergy between short-term assistance,
possibly die from a lack of proper nutrition treatment. Some medium-term outcomes, and longer-term impact.
3.6 million people are unlikely to have access to essential life-
saving health services, and unfortunately, without access to United Nations agencies, international and national NGOs,
clean water and hygiene, children may be more susceptible government counterparts, donors, and the people of South
to infectious diseases and malnutrition. Sudan must all play a role in delivering what is needed. I
renew my commitment to supporting vulnerable people and
South Sudan remains in a protracted protection crisis. our partners who provide humanitarian assistance to people
Women and girls are continuously at risk of being attacked in need. I ask you to join me in making 2023 the year of
while carrying out their daily routines as they care for their change, the year of hope, and the year of opportunities.
families’ needs. An estimated 2.8 million people risk physical
violence, rape, and other forms of gender-based violence.
Millions of children cannot go to school because their
schools were damaged, occupied by people who have been
forced from their homes, or due to insecurity and violence.
Children risk recruitment into armed groups, abduction, and
possible trafficking.
Despite this bleak picture, when I hear people’s stories of

suffering – women, men, children, the elderly, and people
with disabilities – I see opportunities and resilience. I feel
their strength, and I sense their hope. They are our inspiration
and at the center of our humanitarian interventions. Our
humanitarian approach is guided by maintaining protection
at the core of what we do, being accountable to the affected
populations, and keeping our pledge to protect them from Sara Beysolow Nyanti
sexual exploitation and abuse. Humanitarian Coordinator
05
Response by Strategic Objective
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE PEOPLE TARGETED
Vulnerable people who experience multi-sectoral severity levels of 4 and 5 have

S01 reduced morbidity and mortality through equitable and dignified access to critical 6.2M
cross-sectoral essential services to meet their needs.
Vulnerable people are exposed to fewer protection threats and incidents, and those
who are exposed have safe, tailored, timely and dignified access to appropriate
S02 4.4M
services through integrated and inclusive humanitarian action that promotes
centrality of protection priorities.
Vulnerable people withstand and recover from shocks, have their resilience to
S03 3.4M
shocks and stresses built, and seek solutions that respect their rights.
Responding organizations by state in 2023
ABYEI REGION
UPPER NILE
WARRAP
NORTHERN
BAHR EL UNITY
GHAZAL
WESTERN BAHR
EL GHAZAL
JONGLEI
LAKES
CENTRAL
WESTERN EQUATORIA EASTERN
Number of partners EQUATORIA EQUATORIA
Juba
> 40
41-60
< 60M
06

HRP Key Figures
TOTAL POPULATION TOTAL PEOPLE IN NEED TOTAL PEOPLE TARGETED
12.44M
Excluding refugees
9.4M
Including refugees
6.8M
Including refugees
BY POPULATION GROUPS FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS
PiN Targeted $650M

FSL
5.8M 4.5M
Host community/
non-displaced people $255M
RR
Nutrition $230M
Internally displaced
persons* 1.9M 1.1M Health $129M
WASH $114M
Returnees
1.4M 0.9M Protection $103M
Logistics $93M
Education $52.3M
Refugees**
337K 368K
S/NFI $35M
CCCM $19M
Persons with
disabilities 1.3M 1M CCS $19M
BY GENDER BY AGE
2.5M 2.0M 0.7M

1.8M 1.4M 0.5M
4.9M
Boys Men Elderly (60+) 3.4M
Children (0-17)
Girls Women Adult (18-60)
1.7M 1.5M 2.5M

2.4M 2.2M 3.5M
PiN Target PiN Target

* This number reflects those IDPs identified as people in need based on assessed needs.
** The projected number of refugees for 2023 is 368K, an increase from the number of PiN in the 2023 HNO. Gender and age disaggregation information does not include refugees.
The figures for Total PiN and Target include refugees but exclude people in the Abyei Administrative Area.
07
Historic Trends
YEAR OF APPEAL PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED REQUIREMENTS FUNDING RECEIVED % FUNDED
(US$)
2016 6.1M 5.1M 1.3B 1.2B 92%
2017 7.5M 5.8M 1.6B 1.2B 71%
2018 7.0M 6.0M 1.7B 1.2B 70%
2019 7.1M 5.7M 1.5B 1.1B 76%
2020 7.5M 5.6M 1.9B 1.2B 65%
2021 8.3M 6.6M 1.7B 1.2B 73%
2022 8.9M 6.4M 1.7B 1.1B 67%
2023 9.4M 6.4M 1.7B - -
NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN NEED VS TARGETED FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS (US$)
People in need targeted Funded

People in need not targeted Unmet requirements
10M $2B
8M
$1.5B
6M
$1B
4M
$0.5B
2M
0 $0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Response in 2022
SECTOR PEOPLE PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE % TARGET FINANCIAL

IN NEED TARGETED TARGETED REACHED * REACHED REQUIREMENTS (US$)
Camp Coordination and Camp Management 1.6M 1.4M 1.0M 70% $19.0M
Education 3.6M 0.9M 0.3M 37% $54M
Food Security and Livelihoods 8.3M 6.0M 4.0M 66% $650M
Health 5.5M 3.6M 1.1M 32% $129M
Nutrition 2.0M 1.6M 1.2M 81% $230M
Protection 5.6M 2.9M 0.6M 21% $104M
Shelter and Non-Food Items 2.4M 1.5M 0.9M 59% $35M
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 6.1M 3.1M 0.6M 21% $114M
* As of 31 October 2022.
08

Crisis Context and Impact
The humanitarian situation in South Sudan is worsening. the peak of the 2023 lean season between April and July.3
People’s humanitarian needs continue to rise, driven by With elevated food insecurity, about 1.4 million children are
cumulative and compounding effects of years of conflict, expected to suffer from life-threatening acute malnutrition.
sub-national violence, food insecurity, climate crisis and Many of the highly food-insecure people reside in locations
public health challenges. An estimated 9.4 million people with chronic vulnerabilities worsened by frequent climate-
in South Sudan, including 2.2 million women, 4.9 million related shocks, the macro-economic crisis, conflict and
children and 337,000 refugees, are projected to need insecurity and low agricultural production. Communicable
humanitarian assistance and protection services in 2023 – diseases, including measles and malaria, maternal mortality
reflecting a 76 per cent of the country’s population and a 5 and neonatal health continue to be the leading causes of
per cent increase from 2022. An additional 212,000 people morbidity and mortality in South Sudan.
are estimated to have humanitarian and/or protection needs
in the Abyei Administrative Area, a disputed territory between South Sudan ranks among the five countries in the world
Sudan and South Sudan. that is most vulnerable to the effects of climate change,
as evidenced by communities devastated, destroyed and
Conflict and insecurity, fuelled by sub-national and displaced by large-scale flooding across the country.4 Above
intercommunal violence, crime and wide-scale impunity, normal rainfall for the fourth consecutive year in 2022 led
continue to be among the main drivers of humanitarian to erratic rainfall patterns and prolonged flooding, with
needs in South Sudan. Throughout 2022, sub-national and water levels in some areas exceeding the unprecedented
intercommunal violence recurred in seven out of ten states levels reached in 2021 and affecting areas that had not
and the Abyei Administrative Area, displacing people across been flooded in 2021. As of 10 December 2022, more than
the country, limiting their access to critical humanitarian 1 million people have been verified as affected by severe
services and disrupting humanitarian operations. This has flooding in 39 counties across South Sudan and in the
destroyed people’s lives and livelihoods and increased southern part of the Abyei Administrative Area.
existing vulnerabilities. During the first half of 2022,
intercommunal violence was the primary source of violence Humanitarian access to affected people remains a challenge
affecting civilians, accounting for more than 60 per cent of in an already fragile context in South Sudan. South Sudan
civilian casualties. Persistent attacks on civilians by armed continues to be the most violent and dangerous context
cattle keepers, cattle raids and revenge attacks resulted in for aid workers.5 Between January and December 2022, an
several killings, displacement of at least 257,000 people estimated 450 humanitarian access incidents were reported
and increased incidents of sexual violence, abductions and and nine humanitarian workers were killed in the line of duty.
looting/destruction of property. Physical access constraints, bureaucratic impediments,
interference in recruitment and youth employment, illegal
With high levels of conflict-related sexual violence and fees and taxations, conflict and intercommunal violence
gender-based violence, South Sudan remains one of the affect people’s access to services and the ability of
most severe protection crises in the world. South Sudan is humanitarian partners to reach the vulnerable people with
also home to the world's fourth most neglected displacement much needed life-saving assistance.
crisis,1 with an estimated 2.2 million people displaced in
the country, including over 36,000 people in the Malakal
Protection of Civilians (PoC) site and the largest refugee
crisis in Africa.2 Over 1.9 million people returned to their
homes, 67 per cent of whom returned from within South
Sudan after the signing of the Revitalized Agreement on the
Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan
Read more about the humanitarian
(R-ARCSS). More than 2.3 million South Sudanese refugees
conditions and underlying factors in
are hosted in the neighbouring countries.
the South Sudan 2023 Humanitarian
Needs Overview:
Two-thirds of South Sudan’s population are affected by the http://bit.ly/3BuMvB8
precarious food security situation, making the country one
of the worst food insecurity emergencies in the world. An
estimated 8 million people or 64 per cent of the population
in South Sudan will experience severe food insecurity by
09
Part 1:
Strategic Response Priorities
RUBKONA COUNTY
Women arrive at the southern gate of the Bentiu IDP camp after gathering papyrus
reeds to be used in construction.
Photo: OCHA/Sarah Waiswa
10
PART 1: STRATEGIC RESPONSE PRIORITIES
1.1
Humanitarian Conditions and Underlying Factors Targeted
for Response
The humanitarian situation remained dire in 2022 due to living conditions or in attempts to escape violence. There are
multiple unabated shocks and unaddressed root causes approximately 2.3 million South Sudanese refugees in the
of needs. Prolonged violence, including sub-national neighbouring countries.
conflict and intercommunal violence, humanitarian access
constraints, disease outbreaks and/or risks of disease Food insecurity in South Sudan remains extremely high, with
outbreaks and economic and climatic shocks affected the roughly two-thirds of the population experiencing Crisis
vulnerable people’s physical and mental well-being, living under the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
standards and coping mechanisms. The lack of functional (IPC) Phase 3 or worse.6 Four consecutive years of flooding,
and independent institutions to uphold the rule of law and protracted conflict and youth unrest hindered food and
safeguard human rights resulted in a perceived sense of livelihoods assistance aimed at improving food security.
impunity, increased criminality and attacks on civilians and As shocks worsen, 7.8 million people or 63 per cent of the
humanitarian workers. population will likely be in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) or worse
during the 2023 lean season from April to July. An estimated
Despite some progress, the humanitarian response was 2.9 million people will be in Emergency (IPC Phase 4) and
hampered by the marginalization of women, youth and approximately 43,000 people will be in Catastrophe (IPC
persons with disabilities. People’s access to basic services Phase 5). Extreme flooding and drought, financial crisis,
remained limited, such as health care, education, water and conflict and insecurity and low agricultural production
sanitation, protection and legal assistance. With the outbreak will contribute to chronic vulnerabilities in food-insecure
of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Uganda, South Sudan faces populations. Between July 2022 and June 2023, an
an elevated risk due to inadequate capacities of the health estimated 1.4 million children under age 5 are projected to be
systems, high population movement across the borders, acutely malnourished.7
inadequate screening at the official border checkpoints,
set-up of unofficial checkpoints and ongoing instability
and insecurity.
According to the 2023 South Sudan Humanitarian Needs

Overview (HNO), nearly three out of four people will require
humanitarian assistance in 2023, excluding about 337,000
refugees. Adding to the existing vulnerability, the majority
of households are headed by women. Approximately 15 per
cent of the population is disabled.
Sub-national conflict and intercommunal violence continue to

impede South Sudan's long-term stability and humanitarian
access, with civilians and humanitarians threatened by
targeted and indiscriminate killings, roadside ambushes,
mines and explosive remnants of war. Sub-national violence,
bureaucratic impediments and climatic shocks will continue
to obstruct humanitarian access in 2023. Widespread
patriarchy will continue to marginalize women and girls,
further exposing them to gender-based violence.
Response Plan:
Conflict, flooding and food insecurity contributed to cyclical https://bit.ly/3VO3SF7
population mobility in 2022. An estimated 2 million South
Sudanese people were internally displaced, primarily in
Jonglei, Unity, Upper Nile and Warrap states. Many people
suffered from multiple displacements in search of better
11
1.2
HRP Prioritization and Targeting
Targeting by county
Manyo
Renk
SUDAN
Melut
Fashoda Maban
Pariang
Abyei region
Malakal
Abiemnhom Panyikang
Baliet
Aweil North Aweil Rubkona
East Guit Longochuk
Twic Mayom Fangak Canal/Pigi
Aweil
West Gogrial Luakpiny
Aweil East /Nasir Maiwut
South Gogrial Koch
Nyirol Ulang
Raja Aweil Centre West
Tonj North Ayod
Leer
Mayendit
ETHIOPIA
Tonj East Akobo
Rumbek Panyijiar Duk Uror
North
Wau Jur
River
Cueibet Rumbek Twic East Pochalla
Tonj Centre
South Yirol East
Rumbek
East
CENTRAL Nagero Yirol West Bor South Pibor
AFRICAN Wulu Awerial
REPUBLIC Tambura Mvolo
Nzara
Terekeka
Mundri Lafon
West Mundri Kapoeta
East Kapoeta East
Ezo Ibba North
Maridi
Yambio Kapoeta
Juba
South
People in need (in thousands) Lainya Torit Budi
Yei
200+ DEMOCRATIC Kajo-keji Magwi
Ikotos KENYA
200 REPUBLIC OF Morobo
100
25 THE CONGO UGANDA
Prioritization by county
Priority level
Manyo
Priority 1 Priority 4 Priority 7
Priority 2 Priority 5 Priority 8 Renk
Priority 3 Priority 6 Priority 9 Malakal
Melut
SUDAN Fashoda Maban

Pariang
Abyei region
Abiemnhom Panyikang
Baliet
Aweil North Aweil Rubkona
East Guit Longochuk
Twic Mayom Fangak Canal/Pigi
Aweil West
Gogrial Luakpiny
Aweil East Maiwut
South Koch /Nasir
Nyirol Ulang
Raja Aweil Centre Gogrial
West Tonj North Ayod
Leer
Mayendit
ETHIOPIA
Tonj East Akobo
Rumbek Duk Uror
North
Jur Panyijiar
Wau River
Cueibet Rumbek Twic East Pochalla
Tonj Centre
South Yirol East
Rumbek
East
CENTRAL Nagero
Yirol West Bor South Pibor
AFRICAN Wulu Awerial
REPUBLIC Tambura Mvolo
Nzara
Terekeka
Mundri
West Mundri Lafon
Kapoeta Kapoeta East
Ezo Ibba East North
Maridi
Yambio Kapoeta
Juba
South
Lainya Torit Budi

Yei
DEMOCRATIC Ikotos KENYA
Kajo-keji Magwi
REPUBLIC OF Morobo
THE CONGO
UGANDA
12
1.3
Strategic Objectives, Specific Objectives and Response
Approach
Response scope
The 2023 South Sudan Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and new crises. The response in 2023 will be guided by
will target 6.8 million people out of the 9.4 million people these criteria to ensure quality and targeted humanitarian
in need of humanitarian assistance, including internally responses for people, including women, children, the elderly
displaced persons (IDPs), returnees and vulnerable host and persons with disabilities.
communities/non-displaced people in South Sudan and in
the Abyei Administrative Area. According to the 2023 HNO Violence is likely to escalate during the dry season or the first
severity analysis, an estimated 56,300 people in Panyikang half of 2023 due to the seasonal migration of domesticated
County will experience catastrophic need in 2023. Some livestock across the traditional routes, including the
7.6 million people in 66 of the 78 counties will experience migration of the Misseriya from Sudan into South Sudan
extreme need and 1.7 million people in 10 out of the 78 through the Abyei Administrative Area. During the second
counties will be in severe need. The Upper Nile and Western half of 2023, humanitarian partners will activate an online
Equatoria states will contain the highest number of counties flood tracker and flood response triggers through the Flood
in critical need. In the Abyei Administrative Area, 212,000 Response Operational Working Group. Humanitarian partners
people will be in extreme need of humanitarian assistance. are developing state-level emergency response plans for the
hotspot areas and pre-positioning emergency supplies in
Due to the high number of counties in extreme and strategic locations across the country to enable immediate
catastrophic need based on the 2023 HNO inter-sectoral response scale-up closer to the affected populations.
analysis, the Inter-Cluster Coordination Group (ICCG)
conducted a prioritization exercise in November 2022, as The impact of conflict and flooding on the delivery of
demonstrated on page 12. The nine priority classification humanitarian assistance will influence the choice of
levels were based on the needs of the most vulnerable response modality. To ensure a cost-efficient response, fewer
population groups to support a targeted inter-sectoral mobile response modalities will be planned (e.g., airdrops).
humanitarian response. Partners’ field capacity, particularly in remote locations, will
play a crucial role in pre-positioning humanitarian supplies to
The 2023-2025 United Nations Sustainable Development reduce reliance on air assets. A decentralized coordination
Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and the Common Country structure will enhance field-level response coordination
Analysis continue to align with the HRP through agreed and will reach the affected communities in hard-to-
Collective Outcomes across the peacebuilding, humanitarian reach locations.
and development pillars.
Integrated Rapid Response Missions (IRRM), Rapid

Response approach and modalities Response Mechanisms (RRM) and Emergency Response
Humanitarian funding for South Sudan declined in 2022, Teams will continue to be utilized to deliver rapid, multi-
affected by the rapidly changing global geopolitical sectoral assistance to the communities in remote locations.
environment, growing global humanitarian needs and Community platforms through the community nutrition
the depletion of donor funding. To be more effective, the volunteers will be supported and used primary vehicle for
humanitarian response will need to cover people’s most delivering multi-sectoral services at the community and
immediate needs, address their vulnerabilities and build their household levels. The 2022 Protection Monitoring System
resilience, ensuring that durable solutions are embedded in will inform the humanitarian response based on information
the interventions. relevant to all population groups, including IDPs, refugee
returnees and host communities.
Recognizing the need to do more with less, the ICCG
developed a set of triggers and thresholds in 2022 for Health, Nutrition, Food Security and Livelihoods (FSL)
sudden-onset disasters, including conflict and floods, to and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) clusters have
refocus and redirect the humanitarian response as needed to adopted a common integrated plan focusing on IPC Phase 4
ensure prioritized and effective response to emerging counties. Through vulnerability targeting, the FSL Cluster will
13
deliver emergency food, livelihoods and livestock support The overall response will be guided by various operational
to the vulnerable households in the catchment areas of and policy documents, such as the South Sudan
health, nutrition, education and community WASH facilities. Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) Accountability to
Collaboration between FSL and Nutrition clusters will be Affected Populations (AAP) Strategy, Implementation of
integrated based on geographical convergence with a focus Gender and Inclusion Road Map and the draft HCT Centrality
on livelihoods. An integrated Nutrition/Health/WASH/FSL/ of Protection Strategy and Operational Guidance Note for
GBV approach will be scaled up in 22 priority counties. In Humanitarian Support for Returns, Relocations and Local
emergency settings and in WASH Severity Classification Integration of IDPs in South Sudan.
counties and communities at a high risk of disease
outbreaks, partners will respond to acute needs with rapid
modalities, including WASH non-food item (NFI) support,
hygiene promotion, emergency sanitation and water supply
Response Plan:
to immediately break disease transmission cycles. The
https://bit.ly/3VO3SF7
WASH core pipeline will remain as a key instrument to deliver
immediate assistance while exploring scaling up market
integration in 2022.
RUBKONA COUNTY
Community members are building a dyke in Birmuk village near the Bentiu IDP site A
in Bentiu town to protect the area from further flood damage.
14
Strategic Objective 1 Strategic Objective 2

Vulnerable people who experience multi-sectoral severity Vulnerable people are exposed to fewer protection threats
levels of 4 and 5 have reduced morbidity and mortality and incidents, and those who are exposed have safe,
through equitable and dignified access to critical cross- tailored, timely and dignified access to appropriate services
sectoral essential services to meet their needs. through integrated and inclusive humanitarian action that
promotes centrality of protection priorities.
PEOPLE WOMEN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITY PEOPLE WOMEN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITY
TARGETED TARGETED
6.2M 50% 54% 15% 4.4M 51% 54% 15%
Strategic Objective 3 Drivers of needs

Vulnerable people withstand and recover from shocks,
have their resilience to shocks and stresses built, and seek
solutions that respect their rights.
Insecurity, sub-national Economic crisis, rise in Climate change,

PEOPLE WOMEN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITY violence, conflict commodity prices flooding
TARGETED
3.4M 50% 54% 15%

Disease outbreaks, effects, Gender inequality, forced Weak health system
of COVID-19 pandemic marriage, gender-based and infrastructure,
violence poor health awareness
Weak legal framework on Housing,

Land and Property; lack of resources
for documentation and restoration
of destroyed houses
Humanitarian conditions
Physical and mental well-being

Living standards
Coping mechanisms
* The numbers of people targeted per strategic objective are estimations only. The
targets were calculated by considering only the clusters that have their total “targeted
population” targeted under the respective strategic objective. The breakdown of the
individual indicator targets is available at: bit.ly/3HLdZqb
15
1.4
Costing Methodology
The 2023 South Sudan HRP is costed on a project- methodologies to review their partners’ projects and funding
based costing methodology. Project owners include UN distributions. Some clusters consider the project funding
organizations, national and international non-governmental progress, project and activity implementation progress
organizations (NGOs).8 Submissions were vetted through and monthly 5W reporting as criteria to determine partners,
a transparent process led by a Cluster Review Committee, projects and funding distribution. Partner agencies provided
chaired by a cluster coordinator. a costing breakdown for each project and the project
planning for 2023, including Cash and Voucher Assistance
In 2023, the clusters cloned the 2022 projects and budgets (CVA), Gender and Disability Inclusion, AAP and protection.
to finalize their overall financial ask. Each cluster produces
a cost-per-activity estimate, combining the costs for For more information on the costing methodology, please
in-kind supplies, cash provision and expenses for the visit the 2022 HRP: https://bit.ly/3VO3SF7
physical delivery of assistance. The clusters use different
MALAKAL COUNTY
Aid workers verify and register newly displaced people from Tonga, Panyikang
County in the Malakal Protection of Civilians (PoC) site for general food distribution.
16
1.5
Access, Operational Capacity and Planning Assumptions
Access
Humanitarian access in South Sudan continues to be implement humanitarian programmes under the 2023 HRP.
adversely affected by sub-national and intercommunal In 2022, 154 partners operated across the country under the
violence, bureaucratic impediments and physical constraints. HRP, of which around 57 per cent were national NGOs. The
While the number of reported incidents decreased between capacity of the government to respond through state-level
January and December 2022, the assessed impact of these Relief and Rehabilitation Commissions (RRCs) remains
incidents revealed greater severity. a challenge due to limited capacity and resources. The
humanitarian community will continue to work with, support
Contributory factors to the increase in severity are and enhance the state-level capacity of the RRC in 2023 as
escalating conflict, disturbing trends of physical assault, a priority. National access strategies will need to consider
detention, intimidation and harassment against aid the requirement for localized solutions by supporting
workers, confiscation of humanitarian assets and looting of the capacity of state-level implementing partners and
humanitarian aid. Bureaucratic impediments such as illegal decentralization of access problem-solving.
taxation and extortion at checkpoints continue to delay
the delivery of aid across the country, leading to increased In 2022, four humanitarian hubs (out of the total target of
costs and additional time to transport personnel, goods and nine) in Kodok, Leer, Raja and Pibor enabled partners to
services. As of December 2022, nine humanitarian workers scale up their responses for the affected communities in
were killed, compared to five in 2021. The relocation of 200 remote areas. In 2023, OCHA and partners will continue
aid workers from several locations across the country in to advocate for the establishment of humanitarian hubs in
2022 negatively affected humanitarian operations and shrunk key hotspot areas and strategic locations, including Kajo-
the humanitarian space. keji in Central Equatoria, Mandeng in Upper Nile and Jiech,
Pieri and New Fangak in Jonglei State. The humanitarian
Poor road conditions and unprecedented flooding of the Nile hubs will complement the 40 deep field coordination sites
and Lol rivers since 2019 rendered physical access to the with no physical presence by OCHA and provide a secure
affected people extremely challenging, with some locations environment for humanitarian workers to deliver aid in hard-
only accessible by air or river. to-reach locations.
Overall, the number of reported access incidents decreased The Access Working Group (AWG) remains the primary forum
from 504 in 2021 to an estimated 450 in 2022. An average in South Sudan, through which operational coordination,
of 56 per cent of the reported incidents were significant analysis and discussion of humanitarian access issues take
in severity in 2022, compared to 46 per cent in 2021. place. In 2022, direct and indirect humanitarian negotiations
Contributory factors to the decline in incidents are assessed with parties to the conflict were conducted with both
as enhanced engagement and advocacy with parties to the government and non-government representatives to allow
conflict and reduced cover of programmatic spread. crossline operations to function more effectively without
impediment. The AWG will continue to strengthen these
mechanisms in 2023, with greater efforts to actively engage
The humanitarian community in South Sudan will continue
with non-governmental parties to the conflict being pursued.
to engage with humanitarian and nexus partners, parties
The AWG will formulate and deliver the 2023 Access Work
to the conflict, the United Nations Mission in South Sudan
Plan based on four core pillars: 1. Monitoring, Analysis and
(UNMISS) and the United Nations Interim Security Force for
Reporting; 2. HRP Alignment; 3. Support to Field Offices and
Abyei (UNISFA) to enable a safe, sustained and principled
Clusters; and 4. Advocacy and Policy. This work plan will be
humanitarian response. A more agile and expansive
integrated with and supported by the OCHA Global Minimum
approach to access is required to meet the strategic
Package of Services with a key focus on operational access,
objectives of the 2023 HRP.
access policy and deliverables.
Operational capacity The AWG produced several policy documents and reports
A total of 183 organizations – 105 national NGOs, 68 in 2022 on the Use of Armed Escorts, Conducive Working
international NGOs and 10 UN organizations – will Environment and Conflict Sensitivity reports and Upper Nile
17
Scenario Planning report. This will continue in 2023, with The capacity of the humanitarian community will be severely
policy documents focusing on the nine deliverables of the tested, requiring prioritization of response and a fresh,
OCHA Global Minimum Package of Services prioritizing a set agile approach to access. The humanitarian community
of Joint Operational Principles, HCT Access Strategy, real- needs to move with the fluid and dynamic context and build
time Conflict Sensitivity reports and National Civil-Military the capacity to forecast shocks in advance. Access as a
Coordination Guidelines. These will be used to guide and key enabler must inform what the constraints are, where
inform humanitarians, in addition to the monthly Access and why, who the actors are and who is best placed to
Snapshots and Quarterly Access Analysis Reports. In line engage with them. This is best achieved through a clear
with a review of the HCT Access Strategy, the AWG Work HCT Access Strategy, a workable and agile AWG Access
Plan will prioritize support to the ICCG and sub-national Work Plan, enhanced and nuanced actor mapping, dynamic
cluster groups to strengthen their capacities, in response to conflict sensitivity analysis, timely and forecasted access
high staff turnover and chronic vulnerabilities exacerbated constraints/trends analysis, an agreed set of Joint Operating
by multiple shocks. Supported by the HCT and the AWG, Principles, negotiation capacity and decentralization of
the clusters must become increasingly agile to address the access. The 2023 Access Plan must be agile and flexible
growing humanitarian needs against a backdrop of rising enough for continuous adjustment/prioritization, review
conflict, declining resources and funding and to ensure of humanitarian challenges and a cohesive, resilient, and
rigorous prioritization procedures for all activities. localized humanitarian access community.
The AWG will strengthen its capacity to collect and analyse

information on access trends to support evidence-based
advocacy with the donor community, humanitarian
coordination entities and parties to the conflict. This will be
implemented by mapping key access constraints by county
and measuring severity and impact through analysis. Further
initiatives, such as localized key stakeholder/actor mapping,
will be used to inform access negotiation requirements.
Access negotiation capacity will be enhanced through
training and upskilling of frontline negotiators. OCHA will
coordinate closely with the government-led Joint Border
Verification and Monitoring Mechanism (JBVMM) to ensure
that security clearances are granted timely. OCHA will also
engage with UNMISS and UNISFA for timely approval and
delivery of Military Civil Defence Assets (MCDA) requests
as a last resort, enabling safe movement of humanitarian
personnel and relief items throughout South Sudan.
Planning assumptions
In 2023, challenges associated with humanitarian access are
expected to persist across South Sudan. Critical elements
and benchmarks of the R-ARCSS are yet to be addressed,
including the security sector and constitutional and electoral
reforms. Sub-national violence, including clashes with armed
groups that are non-signatories to the R-ARCSS, will further
disrupt humanitarian activities. Increased climatic shocks
and vulnerability to global fiscal shifts and shortages will
lead to reduced personnel and services.
Humanitarian response will continue to face major

constraints. The security situation will remain volatile, with
continued risk of attacks against humanitarian staff and
looting of humanitarian warehouses. Floods increasingly
occurring outside the rainy season will further limit access.
Much-needed humanitarian funding will be stretched due to
the conflict in Ukraine, global food crisis and inflation, further
constraining the capacity of the humanitarian community to
address the most urgent needs.
18
Humanitarian coordination architecture by location
National Coordination OCHA Field Presence/Sub-Office Access Working Group

Humanitarian Coordination Forum Area Senior Management Team Floods Management Committee
Inter-Cluster Coordination Group PSEA Task Force
Deep Field Coordination Site Security Cells

S
S Advisory Group on Solutions Expanded Senior Management Meeting
SUDAN
Kodok Maban
Pariang
UPPER NILE
Abyei region Malakal
UNITY
Mayom
Bentiu Old Fangak
Aweil
Koch Nasir
Raja Lankien
NORTHERN Kuajok Ulang
BAHR EL Jiech
WARRAP Ayod
GHAZAL Mayendit
Leer
Yuai
WESTERN BAHR Nyal
Akobo
EL GHAZAL Wau Duk
S Rumbek Ganyiel JONGLEI

Pochalla
Twic East
Yirol East
S
Pibor
LAKES
Mingkaman Boma
Bor
Tambura
Terekeka
WESTERN Mundri
EQUATORIA EASTERN
Maridi EQUATORIA
S
Juba Kapoeta South
Yambio
Torit
CENTRAL
EQUATORIA
Kajo-keji
Magwi
HUMANITARIAN COUNTRY TEAM

Chaired by the Humanitarian Coordinator
United Nations x 10, International NGOs x 5, National NGOs x 2,
Observers x 2 (ICRC and MSF)
HCT-DONOR FORUM HUMANITARIAN HIGH-LEVEL OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE

Established by the President in October 2016,
HCT-UNMISS TASK TEAM
chaired by the Minister of Cabinet Affairs
OCHA, UNMISS, UNHCR, IOM, UNICEF, WFP,
HUMANITARIAN COORDINATION FORUM
NGO Forum, CCCM and Protection Clusters
Co-chaired by the Humanitarian Coordinator and the
Minister of Humanitarian Affairs
OPERATIONAL WORKING GROUP (OWG)
INTER-CLUSTER
NEEDS ANALYSIS WORKING GROUP (NAWG)
COORDINATION GROUP
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT WORKING GROUP (IMWG)
OTHER WORKING GROUPS CROSS-CUTTING

Access WG, Communication and ENABLER: UNDSS, UNHAS
Community Engagement WG, Cash WG, HIV/AIDS, Refugee Response, PSEA, Gender,
Civil-Military Advisory Group, Housing, Land and Property WG Mental Health and Psychosocial Support, Environment
CCCM EDUCATION FSL HEALTH NUTRITION PROTECTION S/NFI WASH CCS LOGISTICS
IOM, UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, FAO, WHO UNICEF, IMC, UNHCR, NRC IOM, NRC, UNICEF, NRC NGO Forum, WFP
ACTED Save the Children WVI ACF, WFP ADA OCHA
Child Protection Gender-Based Violence Housing, Land and Property Mine Action
UNICEF, Save the Children UNFPA, IRC UNHCR, IOM UNMAS, DRC
19
1.6
Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
The South Sudan Protection from Sexual Exploitation and The 2023 UNCT-HCT PSEA Action Plan has five outcomes:
Abuse (PSEA) Task Force, a system-wide coordination body
under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of 1. All UN staff and related personnel10 know the UN
the Secretary-General/Resident Coordinator/Humanitarian standards of conduct for protection from sexual
Coordinator (DSRSG/RC/HC), consists of members from exploitation and abuse and understand their personal
the United Nations (UN) system, including UNMISS, national and managerial/command responsibilities to address
and international NGOs, International Committee of the Red sexual exploitation and abuse and other misconduct;
Cross, the Protection Cluster, GBV and Child Protection Area 2. Every child and adult recipient of UN assistance has
of Responsibility (AoR). The task force promotes that the access to a safe, gender and child-sensitive pathways
efforts to protect from sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) to report sexual exploitation and abuse that lead
are mainstreamed into all actions across peacebuilding, to assistance, are appropriate to the context and
humanitarian and development interventions. Sensitization, accessible to those in the most vulnerable situations;
capacity-strengthening, community engagement and 3. Every child and adult victim/complainant is offered
identification of gaps inform collective action. Mandatory immediate, quality assistance services;
reporting mechanisms, SEA risk assessments and mitigation 4. Every child and adult victim/survivor of sexual
actions inform safe programming. exploitation and abuse who is willing, has their case
investigated in a prompt, and safe way in accordance
The PSEA Task Force functions include engagement with with a victims’/survivors’ rights approach; and
and support to affected populations, protection from SEA, 5. The DSRSG/RC/HC and UNCT/HCT are supported at
alert and reporting mechanisms, victims’ assistance, referral senior management and technical levels to lead, oversee,
of allegations of SEA for investigation, measures to ensure and deliver on PSEA outcomes. Specific interventions
protection from retaliation, and coordination of collective include developing a new systemwide PSEA strategy,
action. A dedicated PSEA Coordinator is deployed under the SEA risk assessment and management, PSEA capacity-
United Nations Country Team (UNCT) and the HCT to support building, strengthening coordination for system-wide
senior leadership, the PSEA Task Force and actors to develop collective accountability for PSEA at national and
and implement the systemwide PSEA strategy and action sub-national level through functional community-
plan, and to support to strengthen organizations’ internal based complaint mechanisms for awareness-raising
PSEA programmes. and engagement of affected population, reporting,
assistance services and support to victims of SEA and
The 2018–2022 South Sudan PSEA Strategy, extended enhanced NGO capacity on PSEA.
to June 2023, is the bedrock for system-wide planning,
implementation, monitoring, reporting and coordination
of PSEA at national and sub-national levels. The task
force established 15 field-level PSEA Task Forces, with
specific terms of reference in priority risk locations and
membership drawn from the UN system members, including
the peacekeeping mission, national and international
NGOs. These task forces provide oversight to established
community-based complaint mechanisms, with various
levels of functionality across those high-risk locations.9 The
PSEA Task Force is guided by standard operating procedures
on prevention, reporting, response and accountability for
addressing SEA.
20
1.7
Accountability to Affected Populations
The HCT’s AAP Strategy from August 2021 provides a providing assistance directly to the recipients rather than
framework for collective humanitarian action to further core through local leaders and delivering larger aid packages to
accountability standards in programming. reach more vulnerable people as approaches to mitigate or
defuse tension.
The overall understanding of affected people’s perception
of aid received, and its efficacy has improved drawing In 2023, safe and equitable access to assistance for all
from the mixed-method approach for data collection to affected populations, especially for women, the elderly
inform the 2022 HNO, feedback loops and cluster-specific and persons with disabilities will continue to be an AAP
engagement with people. Sixty per cent of the households priority. Humanitarian partners work to purposefully
interviewed, indicated that they were in need and unable mainstream the AAP standards by integrating AAP and
to access humanitarian assistance.11 People shared that community engagement interventions in their cluster-specific
contributing factors included issues related to registration programming. Cluster members must contextualize AAP
and information sharing, insufficient quantities of aid, approaches with robust feedback mechanisms, needs-
inaccessible distribution sites, flooded or insecure routes, based assessments and perceptions surveys, participative
corruption and diversion of assistance by local leaders and monitoring and proactive consultations.
NGO staff to benefit their own relatives. During face-to-face
engagement, affected people noted the long distances In 2023, humanitarian organizations will continue to tailor
between their home and the area where assistance is and contextualize their communication engagement and
available and flooding as barriers to accessing humanitarian information-sharing strategies and messaging to meet
assistance. These barriers disproportionately affect persons people’s information needs, taking into consideration that
with disabilities, women and the elderly.12 access to information sources varies between different
groups, including women, the elderly and persons with
Households’ access to the complaint and feedback disabilities. Additional efforts will be made to increase
mechanism (CFM) reduced from 58 per cent in 202113 to 47 access to and awareness of the feedback mechanisms.
per cent in 2022.14 Reasons highlighted by affected people Moving forward, the specific needs of various segments
include low awareness, lack of direct physical access and of the affected population must inform decision-making,
lack of trust in the CFM to change, fear of consequences programming and enable an agility of the response to ensure
of making complaints, the failure of community leaders the response is appropriate.
to relay complaints and language barriers.15 Humanitarian
actors consulted with community leaders, community
representatives (including the elderly, women and youth) and
local authorities, where respondents shared their mistrust
in these entities to represent their views. Raising awareness
of the CFM and regaining the trust of the community is a
priority in 2023.
A risk-lensed approach to mitigate potential negative

impacts of humanitarian assistance leveraging conflict
sensitivity is critical in line with the do no harm approach.
Affected communities reported that access to assistance,
including perceptions of unfair targeting, lead to tension
between aid recipients and non-recipients, communities
and their leaders, communities and NGO staff. Some
local leaders and partners were perceived to manipulate
distribution lists or divert assistance to family and friends,
which fuels tensions. Affected communities proposed
clear and inclusive communication around targeting criteria,
21
1.8
Consolidated Overview on the Use of Multi-Purpose Cash
Cash and Voucher Assistance (CVA) proved to be effective To overcome some of the challenges, the CWG members,
for the 2022 humanitarian response in South Sudan. More including UN system members, national and international
than US$7 million of humanitarian assistance was delivered NGOs, need to promote the use of MPCA in a multi-sectoral
through CVA, reaching over 1 million households.16 Coupled approach to meet people’s basic needs. The approach should
with CVA through food security and livelihood interventions, be linked to safety net initiatives to ensure their access
multi-purpose cash assistance (MPCA) became important by persons with disabilities and to mitigate unintended
when responding to the immediate life-saving needs in South consequences, such as mitigation measures for women and
Sudan. MPCA has empowered vulnerable households to girls receiving cash support. The JMMI monitors the market
make independent decisions on their urgent, basic needs situation, prices and currency exchange rate to support
with dignity and freedom. Camp Coordination and Camp CVA programming by humanitarian actors and informs the
Management (CCCM), Protection, Shelter and Non-Food minimum expenditure basket. The CWG uses the JMMI for
Items (S/NFI) and WASH clusters commonly use cash- situational analysis of the exchange rate and evolving market
for-work and cash-for-assets modalities as part of their trends to inform advocacy strategies and exchange rate
response. South Sudan relies heavily on imports of food policy reforms.
items and non-food items.
The CWG is represented in the national- and state-level ICCGs
In 2023, humanitarian actors will implement CVA in social to support cash as a modality in humanitarian responses.
safety net programming with disability inclusion and Newly developed Inter-Agency Standing Committee
women’s leadership. All clusters will use market-based (IASC)17 guidelines on the appropriateness, effectiveness
programmes, including CVA, as a response modality in their and efficiency of CVA guide their responses. Harmonized
strategies. Cash will be used to ensure gender equality and multi-purpose cash strategies, joint feasibility studies and
disability inclusion as part of the GBV AoR response strategy. risk analysis inform the appropriate use of CVA. The CWG
The S/NFI Cluster will consider CVA to meet the NFI needs in will regularly update the minimum expenditure basket to
emergencies when markets support the demand. The Health reflect the constantly changing market situation, including
Cluster will promote the use CVA to its partners to increase agreement of prices of commodities and a common
access to services. transfer value to integrate CVA as a response modality into
cluster strategies.
Progress on the use of Multi-Purpose Cash Assistance

Efforts are being made to promote the use of mobile money
The Cash Working Group (CWG) identified key challenges
where possible through engaging with the private sector
for the use or scale-up of CVA as a response modality
service providers and enhancing the financial capacity of
in South Sudan. Lack of mobile network coverage limits
vulnerable people. Best practices and lessons identified from
the use of mobile money service providers in rural areas.
the use of cash as a modality in a variety of settings has
High inflation, insecurity and climatic shocks also impact
contributed to improved coordination between the CWG and
market functionality and CVA feasibility, particularly in rural
the clusters.
areas. Rural areas face market functionality challenges, as
shown in the Joint Market Monitoring Initiatives (JMMI).
Other challenges include limited presence or absence
of financial service providers due to insecurity or access
constraints and increase in their fees due to fluctuating
exchange rates. Donor priorities were also mentioned as
challenges, including the service charge by the financial
service providers.
22
PART 2: RESPONSE MONITORING
Part 2:
Response Monitoring
MALAKAL COUNTY
Registration exercise of newly displaced people from Tonga, Panyikang County, takes
place in the Malakal PoC site. Photo: OCHA/Sarah Waiswa
23
2.1
Monitoring Approach
A robust but light response monitoring framework will response dashboards, humanitarian and access snapshots
ensure a timely, efficient and fit-for-purpose humanitarian highlighting the access challenges and growing humanitarian
response. Response monitoring will continue to focus on needs. In 2023, the IMWG will continue to improve the
addressing humanitarian needs, while identifying contextual monitoring methodology to avoid double counting of people,
risks and situational changes. The ICCG and the Information especially in service-based cluster activities, and to capture
Management Working Group (IMWG) will continue to monitor non-HRP humanitarian activities.
the progress against key sector and inter-sector level
output indicators. To monitor their achievements accurately, Situation monitoring related to population movements
clusters will use response indicators that were refined based and shelter conditions will continue in 2023, primarily
on the lessons learned from previous years. The United through the International Organization for Migration (IOM)’s
Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM). The Protection
(OCHA) will publish a quarterly inter-sectoral response Monitoring Working Group and the Protection Monitoring
dashboard, capturing the progress towards the HRP System deployed in 2022 will analyse the protection situation
objectives and associated funding status, as reported in the and monitor the impact of partner activities. OCHA and
Financial Tracking Service. partners will conduct an annual countrywide ISNA to map out
the humanitarian needs, with the findings largely informing
Based on field reports, Initial Rapid Needs Assessments the future HNO and HRP processes. OCHA will continue to
(IRNAs) and secondary data, the Needs Analysis Working produce the monthly financial tracking snapshot to monitor
Group (NAWG) will develop a monthly situation analysis, the funding progress for the partners and donor community.
including hotspot locations. OCHA will produce regular In addition, the clusters have their own monitoring tools in
information products and analyses to assist inter-sectoral place to measure the progress and impact of their response.
monitoring, such as the monthly 5W and interactive
Needs and response monitoring timeline

Assessments JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Initial Rapid Needs Assessments*
Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring System/

Multi-Sector Needs Assessment
Inter-Sector Needs Assessment
Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix**
Publications
Humanitarian Snapshot
Humanitarian Access Snapshot
Operational Presence Maps (Who, What, Where)
Response Dashboard
UNHCR Spontaneous Refugee Returns
Humanitarian Access Year in Review
Humanitarian Response Year in Review
* Initial Rapid Needs Assessments are triggered by a significant event such as flooding or conflict.
** IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix - Mobility Tracking (Baseline and Multi-Sectoral Location Assessment) and Event Tracking.
24
2.2
Strategic and Specific Objectives Indicators and Target
Strategic Objective SO1 TARGET

Vulnerable people who experience multi-sectoral severity levels of 4 and 5 have reduced morbidity and mortality 6.2M
through equitable and dignified access to critical cross-sectoral essential services to meet their needs.
Specific Objective SP1.1 IN NEED TARGET SOURCE FREQUENCY

Reduce levels of critical food insecurity for 3.58 million people 8M 6.1M
across all 78 counties projected to be in severe acute food
insecurity equivalent to IPC phases 4 and 5 at the height of the
2023 lean season (from the November 2021 baseline).
Number of people in IPC phases 4 and 5 FSNMS & IPC

CO1: 8M CO1: 4.6M
INDICATORS worsened/improved against the baseline (by compatible Annually
CO2: 8M CO2: 6.0M
county and disaggregated by gender). analysis

Decrease in prevalence of global acute malnutrition among 2M 1.5M
boys and girls under age 5 and pregnant and lactating women
in prioritized counties by 2023.
Prevalence rate of global acute malnutrition

in boys and girls under age 5 and pregnant
1.3M 1.5M 5W Monthly
and lactating women in prioritized counties
decreased.
INDICATORS
Number of Wash Severity Classification

15
Priority 1 and 2 counties, with a decrease in - - -
counties
severity by 1 class.

Decrease excess morbidity and mortality rates from outbreak- 5.5M 3.4M
prone illnesses, such as malaria, diarrhoea, acute respiratory
infections and vaccine-preventable illnesses, such as measles.
Coverage of reactive measles vaccination

Measles
of boys and girls between 6 months and 15 435K 400K On occurrence
Campaign Report
years of age.
INDICATORS
Case fatality rate for malaria by age and

- 400K EWARS Weekly
gender.
25

Provide access to life-saving essential health care, including mental 5.5M 3.4M
health to women, men, girls and boys, including ability-challenged
persons
Coverage of Pentavalent vaccine for children

435K 391K DHIS2 Monthly
younger than one-year-old by administrative unit.
Number of deliveries conducted by skilled birth

496K 203K 5W/DHIS2 Monthly
attendants.
INDICATORS
2 to 4
Number of consultations per person per year. - persons/ 5W/DHIS2 Monthly
year
Number of persons receiving MHPSS services

480K 100K 5W Monthly
disaggregated by sex, age and disability.

4.4M
Vulnerable people are exposed to fewer protection threats and incidents, and those who are exposed have safe, tailored,
timely and dignified access to appropriate services through integrated and inclusive humanitarian action that promotes
Ensure that women, men, girls and boys have safe access to quality basic, 6.2M 3.2M
gender-responsive, ability-challenged accessible services, including water,
sanitation and hygiene, nutrition, education, protection and health, including
sexual and reproductive health.
Number of people having access to an improved water

6.1M 3.1M 5W Monthly
source.
Number of people with access to sanitation facilities. 6.1M 0.9M 5W Monthly
Number of pregnant and lactating women provided with

676K 148K 5W Monthly
blanket supplementary feeding programme.
INDICATORS Number of children, adolescents and youth (3-17 years

2.8M 857K 5W Monthly
old) access and attend schools in affected areas.
Percentage of the target population (disaggregated by

age, sex and disability) who feel adequately informed - - - -
about the different services available to them.
Number of girls and boys including children with

disabilities provided with focused and non-focused 4M 634K 5W Monthly
MHPSS and other related services.
26
Strategic Objective SO2 continued TARGET

Vulnerable people are exposed to fewer protection threats and incidents, and those who are exposed have safe, tailored, 4.4M

Provide shelter and non-food items for displaced people in situations 1.3M 0.98M
of emergency and transition in an ability-challenged accessible, gender-
responsive manner.
Number of the targeted population (disaggregated by

age, sex and ability) able to access shelter material
INDICATORS 2.4M 1.5M 5W Monthly
and non-food items in situations of emergency and
transition.
Improve living and protection conditions for highly vulnerable IDPs, 1.6M 1.4M
returnees, host communities/affected non-displaced people through
enhanced management of sites.
Percentage of displaced people (disaggregated by age,

100% 86%
INDICATORS sex and disability) in sites or areas who live in safe and 5W Monthly
(1.64M) (1.4M)
appropriate site management services.

Reduce the suffering of girls, boys, women, men, the elderly, persons 5.6M 2.9M
with disabilities, and other persons with specific needs at risk of or who
experienced violence, including gender-based violence, sexual exploitation
and abuse, exploitation and neglect through the provision of specialized
protection and multi-sectoral services.
Percentage of beneficiaries who report allegations

of sexual abuse, mistreatment or harassment by
- - - -
humanitarian personnel disaggregated by age, sex and
disability.
Number of women, men, boys and girls with protection

GBV: 80K 8.7K 5W Monthly
concerns supported through case management.
INDICATORS CPIMS+
Number of identified girls and boys including 42K 15.5K
and
adolescents, children with disabilities at risk who and 13 and 13 Monthly &
referral
receive individual and specialized case management referral referral Quarterly
pathway
services that meets their unique needs. pathway pathway
updates
Number of SGBV survivors receiving clinical

management of rape services by age, sex and 5,000 500 5W Monthly
disability.
27
centrality of protection priorities
Reduce the vulnerability of women, men, girls and boys at increased risk of 5.6M 2.9M
mortality and morbidity and protection incidents/threats in priority areas
through protection monitoring, advocacy, awareness-raising and prevention
and response services.
Number of women, men, girls, boys, persons with 5W, field

disability and the elderly provided with specialized Child monitoring
protection and multi-sectoral services (health, safety, Protection: 930K visits and Monthly
psychosocial, legal, child protection, GBV, mine action 3.5M partners
services, security, livelihood, education, etc.). reports
Number of youth and adolescents (14-17 years) who

540K 7.5K 5W Monthly
benefited from life-skills and basic vocational training.
INDICATORS Number of key informant interviews at payam level

2.6K 36.8K 5W Monthly
covered by the Protection Monitoring System.
Number of people of concern who received EORE. 650K 223K 5W Monthly
Number of women, men, girls and boys reached through

1.6M 161K 5W Monthly
peace and social cohesion activities including training.
Number of local authorities and relevant institution’s staff

trained on HLP, dispute resolution and alternative dispute 99.9K 420 5W Monthly
resolution.

Promote collective action on accountability to affected populations to 5.5M 3.4M
ensure the population groups targeted to receive assistance are consulted
throughout the entire cycle of the response, and their needs are taken into
account in decision-making by humanitarians.
Percentage of beneficiaries (disaggregated by age, sex

and diversity) who have access to safe, child and gender
sensitive complaint, feedback and reporting channels
INDICATORS 2.8M 70% 5W Monthly
in humanitarian response sites for reporting sensitive
issues and concerns in aid delivery and misconduct by
aid workers.
28
Specific Objective SP2.6 continued IN NEED TARGET SOURCE FREQUENCY

Promote collective action on centrality of protection and accountability to 5.5M 3.4M
affected populations to ensure the population groups targeted to receive
assistance are consulted throughout the entire cycle of the response, and
their needs are taken into account in decision-making by humanitarians.
Percentage of beneficiaries (disaggregated by age, sex

46% 75% 5W Monthly
and ability) who report they have access to CFM.
Percentage of decision-making mechanisms involve Activity

- 50% Continuous
national and local organizations and community members. reports
Percentage of beneficiaries (disaggregated by age,

sex and ability) who feel their opinions are taken into
INDICATORS - 60% - -
account in decision-making by humanitarians prior to the
interventions.
Percentage of cases received in a CFM that have been

100% 80% 5W Quarterly
“considered as resolved.”
Percentage of national and local organizations and

community members involved in decision-making 70%
mechanisms.

Facilitate conflict- and gender-sensitive access to safe housing, land, and 2M 0.68M
property for women, men, girls, and boys, with sufficient security of tenure to
enhance access to essential HLP services and livelihoods, including access
to dispute resolution mechanisms.
Number of people of concern to the Protection Cluster

reached through HLP awareness-raising and outreach 2M 243K 5W Monthly
activities.

809K 57K 5W Monthly
supported with legal counselling.

INDICATORS 243K 17K 5W Monthly
supported with legal aid.
Number of dispute resolution mechanisms strengthened

73 42 5W Monthly
or established.
Number of local authorities and relevant institution’s

staff trained on HLP, dispute resolution and alternative 1,460 420 5W Monthly
dispute resolution.
29
Vulnerable people withstand and recover from shocks, have their resilience to shocks and stresses built, and seek 3.4M
solutions that respect their rights.
Increase the resilience of households across all 78 counties as measured - -

against the baseline.
FSNMS
CO1: 8M CO1: 4.6M
and IPC
Resilience Capacity Index measured across all 78
compatabilty
INDICATORS counties; comparing with 2019 baseline and 2020 and CO2: 8M CO2: 6M Annually
analysis,
2021 (increase/decrease/no change).
FAO expert
CO3: 8M CO3: 1M
analysis

Enhance resilience capacity in prioritized locations. 0.46M 0.25M
Number of teachers’ trained on EiE, basic pedagogy

50K 4.3K 5W Monthly
and learner-centered methodologies.
Number of community education committee

members and local education officials trained in
50K 4.3K 5W Monthly
school management, psychosocial support and DRR
in Education.
INDICATORS
Number of water points rehabilitated/constructed
2,000 200 5W Monthly
with a flood resilient design.
Number of community consultative meetings

conducted to identify needs, participate in response,
3.4K 1.7K 5W Monthly
and reduce impact on their lives (including men,
women, boys and girls and persons with disabilities).
PIBOR COUNTY
A mother holds her malnourished child at a nutrition stabilization centre in Pibor
County, Greater Pibor Administrative Area. Photo: OCHA/Federica Gabellini
30
Vulnerable people withstand and recover from shocks, have their resilience to shocks and stresses built, and seek solutions 3.4M
that respect their rights.
Strengthen national system to enhance resilience capacity (School DRR/ 5.5M 3.4M
government-led contingency planning).
Number of national/local organizations that are

150 25
supported with their institutional capacity gaps and 5W Monthly
NNGOs NNGOs
needs.
INDICATORS
Number of development and government actors
engaged to strengthen community resilience and - 20 - -
improve return conditions.
Number of implemented community level Quick

Impact projects to create conducive conditions for - - - -
reintegration of returnees and sustainable returns.
Strengthen coordination and contextual analysis of needs conducted at 5.5M 3.4M

national and sub-national levels.
Number of joint, methodologically rigorous inter-

- 1 NAWG -
sectoral needs assessments conducted.
Number of protection monitoring reports produced Data submitted

12 10 Monthly
and disseminated by the Protection Cluster. through Kobo
Number of community consultative meetings

INDICATORS
conducted to identify needs, participate in response,
- - - -
and reduce impact on their lives (including men,
women, boys and girls and persons with disabilities).
Number of reports analyzed on returns through

return verification at community level, area-based
- - - -
assessments and service mapping in high return
areas.
31
Part 3:
Cluster/Sector Objectives and Response
RUBKONA COUNTY
With support from the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF), displaced women
participate in income-generating activities at a women and girls friendly space in the
Bentiu IDP site A. Photo: OCHA/Sarah Waiswa
32
PART 3: CLUSTER/SECTOR OBJECTIVES AND RESPONSE
Overview of Sectoral Response
On 1 July 2021, the HCT endorsed the ICCG’s based on people’s needs, vulnerability (age, gender, disability
recommendation to have a multi-year HRP for South and specific needs) and feasibility. Cluster responses aim to
Sudan, which would allow for a strategic approach and build the resilience of different targeted population groups
longer-term vision. by supporting and strengthening the coping capacities and
livelihoods of the vulnerable people. Clusters will adopt a
Nine clusters and one sector operate in South Sudan. Cluster combination of static and mobile response modalities to
response strategies have been informed by the outcomes reach people, aiming to strengthen their service delivery
of inter-sectoral and sectoral needs analysis presented in tailored to different geographic locations and types of
the 2023 HNO and a prioritization exercise similar to the one assistance and services needed. The response strategy
used in 2022. Building on the HNO inter-sectoral severity, will also see the continued promotion of the peacebuilding,
findings were overlayed with the sector prioritization results humanitarian and development (PHD) nexus to address
and the new emergencies reported in December 2022 to help immediate humanitarian needs, while paving the way for
partners plan their response to reach people in counties with more durable solutions.
the highest needs and vulnerabilities.
In 2023, humanitarian partners will need $1.7 billion to
An estimated 56,300 people in Panyikang County were found respond to the most pressing humanitarian needs of 6.8
to be most vulnerable and will experience catastrophic need million people – about half of the South Sudanese population.
in 2023. People in 66 of the 78 counties face extreme needs, The table below and the following cluster strategies refer
while people in 10 counties face severe needs. People in to the total number of people in need, as identified in the
the Abyei Administrative Area will be in extreme need of 2023 HNO. Refugee targets are presented separately in the
humanitarian assistance. Refugee Response chapter.
Cluster responses will be provided in line with the

humanitarian principles and AAP and will be prioritized
SECTOR FINANCIAL OPERATIONAL NUMBER OF PEOPLE PEOPLE IN NEED

REQUIREMENTS (US$) PARTNERS PROJECTS* IN NEED TARGETED TARGETED
Camp Coordination and Camp Management $19M 7 7 1.7M 1.4M
Coordination and Common Services $19M 5 5 - - -
Education $52.3M 49 50 3.4M 0.9M
Food Security and Livelihoods $650M 63 63 8.0M 6.0M
Health $129M 70 70 6.1M 3.6M
Logistics $93M 2 4 - - -
Nutrition $230M 43 43 2.1M 1.6M
Protection $103M 72 93 6.1M 2.9M
Shelter and Non-Food Items $35M 23 24 3.0M 1.5M
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene $114M 67 69 6.1M 3.1M
Refugee Response $255M 3 3 337K 368K** -
* The total 429 projects include two multi-sectoral projects under the Protection and Education clusters.
** UNHCR updated their projections for the expected number of refugees based on a verification assessment conducted in October 2022. The refugee response target for 2023 is 368K, an
increase from the 337K refugees reflected in the 2023 HNO.
33
3.1 Camp Coordination and Camp Management 3.2 Coordination and Common Services
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED REQUIREMENTS ORGANIZATIONS IN ORGANIZATIONS REQUIREMENTS

(US$) NEED TARGETED (US$)
1.7M 1.4M $19M 273 273 $19M
National Coordination Humanitarian Hub (functional)

OCHA Field Presence/ Humanitarian Hub (proposed)
Sub-Office
Deep Field Coordination Site Advisory Group on Solutions
Juba
Juba
3.3 Education 3.4 Food Security and Livelihoods
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED REQUIREMENTS PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED REQUIREMENTS
(US$) (US$)
3.4M 866K $52.3M 8M 6M $650M
Juba Juba
34
3.5 Health 3.6 Logistics
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED REQUIREMENTS ORGANIZATIONS IN ORGANIZATIONS REQUIREMENTS

(US$) NEED TARGETED (US$)
6.1M 3.6M $129M 340 340 $93M
UNHAS hub Road transport corridor

LOG Cluster & IOM CTS hub River transport corridor
Storage Road network
Juba Juba
3.7 Nutrition 3.8 Protection
(US$) (US$)
2.2M 1.6M $230M 6.1M 2.9M $103M
Juba Juba
35
3.8.1 Child Protection 3.8.2 Gender-Based Violence
(US$) (US$)
3.7M 1M $33.5M 2.8M 976K $32.5M
Juba
Juba
3.8.3 Housing, Land and Property 3.8.4 Mine Action
(US$) (US$)
2M 324K $6M 0.5M 223K $9M
Juba Juba
36
3.9 Shelter and Non-Food Items 3.10 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
(US$) (US$)
3M 1.5M $35M 6.1M 3.1M $114M
Juba
Juba
3.11 Refugee Response
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED REQUIREMENTS

(US$)
337K 368K* $255M
Juba
* UNHCR recently updated their projections for the expected number of refugees based on
a verification assessment conducted in October 2022.
37
3.1
Camp Coordination and Camp Management
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED WOMEN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
1.7M 1.4M 390K 675K 15%

Excluding the Abyei Administrative Excluding the Abyei Administrative
Area and refugees Area and refugees
REQUIREMENTS (US$) PARTNERS PROJECTS
$19M 7 7
Objectives Response
In 2023, the Camp Coordination and Camp Management In 2023, some 2.2 million people will remain displaced
(CCCM) Cluster will provide strategic guidance to camp across South Sudan,18 with some 440,000 people or 19.7
management service providers, ensuring equitable access per cent still residing in formal camps and camp-like
to life-saving humanitarian assistance to the displaced in settings. The living conditions remain critical in formal
formal IDP camps and in camp-like settings. The cluster camps, the Malakal PoC site and camp-like settings, with
will work with the displaced communities, including the dwindling options for solutions. The prolonged nature of the
elderly, youth groups and persons with disabilities, to foster displacement in South Sudan requires continuous assistance
community self-management and resilience to mitigate and across different sectors. Through the response plan, the
reduce long-term dependency on humanitarian assistance. CCCM Cluster will coordinate with other clusters and
Displaced people who wish to return to their areas of origin actors to provide humanitarian assistance and protection
will be supported through durable solutions strategies. services. The cluster will ensure that displaced people in
camps and camp-like settings enjoy the same rights as other
The cluster will oversee the effectiveness of cross-sectoral South Sudanese citizens. The cluster will provide a holistic
interventions in formal IDP camps to ensure that the approach as a cross-cutting sector to improve the living
identified and prioritized humanitarian needs are met, conditions in the displacement sites and seek solutions
gaps are covered, and activities are not duplicated. New to end temporary displacement, with an organized phase
coordination and governance structures will be created out of the displacement sites. The CCCM Cluster will scale
for out-of-camp contexts, while existing structures will be up its community engagement efforts by undertaking a
improved through capacity-building of referral pathways and community-led phase-out planning. Camp management
humanitarian coordination mechanisms. partners will work with the displaced population to
understand the best approach to solutions. In partnership
with the government authorities, humanitarian and
The CCCM Cluster partners will prioritize their responses by
development partners, the CCCM Cluster will support with
addressing protection gaps and strengthening predictable
developing a road map to displacement solution, sustainable
and effective multi-sectoral interventions at the site level. The
return and integration.
cluster will improve the physical space and layout of the sites
and will work with service providers to ensure that site care
and maintenance response reflects the specific needs of the In 2023, the CCCM Cluster will work with partners to increase
people. Through community participation and engagement, timely interventions, through the deployment of roving and
the cluster will strengthen self-management and resilience- mobile teams for four to seven weeks to set up core CCCM
building, leading to durable solutions. The CCCM Cluster structures and coordination mechanisms. Where feasible,
aims to build the capacity of community-led groups, site the cluster will encourage community-based care and
management committees and the local authorities to maintenance activities and promote community engagement
eventually transfer key site management activities to through cash programming, including cash incentives in
the communities. community projects, cash-for-work, etc.
38
The CCCM Cluster will enhance self-governance systems Cost of response

at the sites to improve site-level coordination. Camp Despite the increased number of people in need of CCCM
management activities will incorporate gender-responsive, services from 1.6 million in 2022 to 1.7 million in 2023,
conflict-sensitive and disability-inclusive humanitarian the CCCM Cluster’s financial ask for 2023 remains at $19
interventions to address the unique needs of the displaced million. Care and maintenance of site/camp infrastructure
people and children and the specific needs of the elderly and are the main cost drivers. Renovation and upgrade of camps
persons with disabilities. and facilities are expensive yet essential, particularly those
affected by severe flooding. Logistical challenges and access
The cluster will ensure the highest protection standards, constraints in remote and hard-to-reach areas may drive up
through regular monitoring of the responding partners, the cost for monitoring and assessment of activities.
wider displaced population and specific vulnerable groups
for feedback on service provision. Site development and Monitoring
maintenance and the formation of site committees will take The CCCM Cluster will develop specific tools to assess
into consideration the specific needs of vulnerable groups. the affected people’s satisfaction of CCCM services and
Regular follow-up will be conducted to understand people’s community leadership structures in the Malakal PoC site,
satisfaction with all services, along with the monitoring IDP camps and IDP collective sites. These surveys will
and mainstreaming of gender-based violence concerns, take place twice a year and their results will be shared
including PSEA in displacement sites. To effectively reach with the community and service providers for increased
the displaced people, including women and children, the accountability and programme adjustments. Regular mobile
cluster will adopt an integrated process constituting three monitoring and safety audits will inform site improvements,
models of CCCM approaches, depending on the identified infrastructure, safety upgrades and maintenance. The cluster
and assessed needs of the communities. will continue to improve its information management system
to ensure regular monitoring of services and multi-sectoral
Prioritization of locations will be twofold. The cluster and coordination. The cluster will track their response through
partners will continue to support the displaced communities the 5W matrix submitted monthly by the cluster partners. The
in existing camps or camp-like settings until there is no need. CFM will be re-designed, upgraded and re-purposed in line
The cluster will respond to the needs of newly displaced with the specific needs of the displaced people from different
people, identified through the 2022 South Sudan ICCG and groups. The functionality of these feedback mechanisms
HCT endorsed triggers and thresholds (e.g., number of will be monitored monthly to ensure their effectiveness,
people in need of critical CCCM services). accessibility and confidentiality.
MALAKAL COUNTY
Newly displaced people from Tonga, Panyikang County, take shelter in the Malakal
PoC site. Photo: OCHA/Sarah Waiswa
39
3.2
Coordination and Common Services
ORGANIZATIONS TARGETED REQUIREMENTS (US$) PARTNERS PROJECTS
273 $19M 5 5
Objectives
The Coordination and Common Services (CCS) Sector will paper surveys. Satellite imagery analysis will be used in
support 273 humanitarian organizations, including those areas where mobile data collection is considered a security
with projects reflected in the HRP and those who coordinate risk, or where physical access and logistics are difficult due
through the cluster approach. The CCS sector will facilitate to poor road infrastructure.
an efficient coordination system and support a strategic,
prioritized, principled and evidence-based humanitarian A gender equality, sex and age, disability- and conflict-
response. CCS partners will promote and carry out inter- sensitive approach will continue to be mainstreamed, from
sectoral needs assessments (ISNA) and analysis to inform the design of the needs assessments questionnaire, hiring of
response planning. Sector activities will include access enumerators, data collection and analysis and consideration
negotiations and addressing bureaucratic impediments to of operational constraints. The sector will consult the
enable a timely humanitarian response in a safe and secure Protection Cluster to support the training of enumerators to
operational environment. ensure that the core protection principles are followed and
that the safety and dignity of the communities who engage
The CCS Sector will focus on four sectoral objectives: with the data-gathering exercises are upheld.
1.strengthening coordination, including joint and
complementary needs analysis based on rigorous needs Population movements, both displacement and return, will be
assessments to inform the response; 2. enhancing tracked as a key driver and outcome of humanitarian needs.
strategic response planning to facilitate principled and The impact of shocks (e.g., climatic, economic and conflict)
well-coordinated humanitarian action; 3. ensuring timely on the most vulnerable populations will be monitored, in
monitoring of new and historic displacement, return combination with sectoral and multi-sectoral assessments,
movements and related needs; and 4. improving programme countrywide needs analysis and biometric registration
effectiveness and efficiency mainstreaming AAP in a risk to inform the response. The CCS Sector will contribute
management approach that includes conflict sensitivity. to strengthening the link between prioritization and
response through improved coordination between relevant
coordination forums, including the ICCG, the IMWG with the
Response
NAWG and the Operational Working Groups under the HCT.
To ensure an evidence-based response, a countrywide
household-level ISNA will be undertaken in 2023 to
understand people’s needs and to inform timely and effective The CCS Sector places AAP at the centre of its response,
coordination for people’s multi-sectoral and inter-sectoral promoting a more systematic engagement with the affected
needs. Findings from the ISNA will serve as the primary data populations for a community-centered humanitarian
set for the PiN calculations in the 2024 HNO, building on the response in line with the endorsed 2022 South Sudan HCT
mixed method approach introduced for the 2023 HNO. strategy on AAP. The perceptions of the affected population
(including traditionally excluded groups such as women, the
elderly, persons with disabilities and people with mental
The ISNA will provide statistically representative household-
health psychosocial issues) will be monitored regularly
level quantitative data, including sex- and age-disaggregated
and, together with the feedback from CFM, will feed into
data, complemented by rich, contextual qualitative data to
the design and planning of an evidence-based response
ensure robust analysis and evidence-based prioritization
to enable course correction in the response, if necessary.
and decision-making. Rapid multi-sectoral assessments
Monitoring the operationalization of AAP will be undertaken
will be coordinated for emergency situations to support the
through the Communication and Community Engagement
response. Data will be collected using methods appropriate
Working Group.
to the environment, including the use of smart phones or
40
CCS members commit to a zero-tolerance approach to SEA Cost drivers of the DTM operations are related to staffing
of the affected people. The CCS Sector supports advocacy and logistics. Logistics costs (e.g., transportation and
for unhindered access to the affected people and the access) are higher during the rainy season, when access
centrality of protection. The CCS partners will continue to to certain locations is restricted and only through more
support the establishment of humanitarian hubs, which will expensive air assets. Given the long-standing presence and
provide logistics bases, accommodation and office facilities already established network of enumerators, organizations
for humanitarian organizations to facilitate response scale are well-positioned to undertake timely assessments to
up to the people’s needs, ensuring that the response is fill information gaps through direct field data collection,
coordinated as closely to the affected people as possible. or other remote mechanisms such as satellite imagery. If
humanitarian access improves in previously inaccessible
The CCS Sector plays a pivotal role to advocate all efforts areas, partners will strengthen their direct presence
to prevent and mitigate the spread of COVID-19, EVD and throughout the country, as far as resources allow.
any other infections of public health concern, and support
response efforts as appropriate across all its activities Monitoring
through regular community engagement. Findings of the multi-sectoral assessments, such as rapid
assessments – including the IRNA, agency-led rapid needs
Cost of response assessments, REACH Area of Knowledge assessments,
The CCS Sector requires $19 million to cover the activities Emergency Response Mechanisms, sectoral assessments
planned in 2023. The main costs are related to facilitating and DTM site assessments – will be compared and
national and state-level coordination, undertaking multi- overlayed to analyse data trends of underlying vulnerabilities.
sectoral assessments and displacement tracking, facilitating This will allow for regular trends analysis to determine how
community engagement, supporting access negotiations needs are increasing or decreasing on a regular basis. This
and providing support to the humanitarian hubs. The cost of information will be fed into the NAWG for regular needs
a multi-sectoral needs assessment will include enumerator analysis. Perception surveys related to key AAP outcome
teams in all 78 counties, vehicles for data collection, security, indicators, disaggregated by sex, age and special needs, will
equipment and training costs (including flights and other inform regular information products such as situation reports,
logistics). These elements are critical to ensure reliable periodic monitoring reports and analysis and humanitarian
assessments of all counties. Depending on when data dashboards, to inform decision-making on priority needs,
collection takes place, costs will be affected by access response and implementation gaps. A consolidated
constraints, such as flooding during the rainy season and database of all sectoral and multi-sectoral assessments19
conflict during the dry season. will aid with monitoring and the response itself.
PANYIKANG COUNTY
An elderly man displaced by the conflict in Tonga speaks to an inter-agency mission
team in Adidiang, Panyikang County. Photo: OCHA/Krasimira Antimova
41
3.3
Education
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED FEMALE CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES
3.4M
Including the Abyei Administrative
866K 455K 857K 15%
Area and excluding refugees Area and excluding refugees
$52.3M 49 50
Objectives
The Education Cluster aims to support more than 857,000 and difficulties keeping children in school, exposing them
children – 25 per cent of the children in need of education in to recruitment into armed groups, early marriage and child
2023 – to ensure their access to safe, protective and quality labour. In coordination with the MoGEI, Education Cluster
inclusive education, which will contribute to the well-being members will provide essential education in emergency (EiE)
and resilience of most vulnerable children. The cluster also services to the children affected by the crises (e.g., IDPs,
aims to strengthen the resilience of national and sub-national returnees and host communities) to transition back to school
education governance, including school community and reduce their risk of dropout.
representatives, parent-teacher associations and national
NGOs to improve service delivery and enhance accountability The cluster’s sectoral objectives require inter-sectoral
to affected populations. commitments to address the needs and demands of school
children, teachers and school communities, through the
The first sectoral objective aims to improve equitable access provision of child protection and referral mechanisms, WASH
to safe and protective education services for more than facilities in schools, school feeding and health and nutrition
857,000 children, including the most vulnerable children interventions in schools. The cluster’s objectives go beyond
affected by crises, internally displaced boys and girls, emergency response, by promoting localization and building
children with disabilities and out-of-school children. The technical and institutional capacities of the local authorities,
second objective aims to improve the quality of gender- community-based organizations, civil society and national
responsive inclusive education services by increasing NGOs in emergency preparedness and response planning.
teachers’ capacity to protect the well-being of all children
(e.g., boys, girls and children with disabilities) and to prevent Response
the negative impact of emergencies on learning. The third The Education Cluster will continue to provide humanitarian
objective aims to enhance the capacity of the education support and effective coordination for the timely delivery of
systems, local education actors and the communities, education services across the country. The cluster, chaired
including those in remote locations, to mitigate the impact by the MoGEI, will continue to provide technical guidance
of emergencies on learners, teachers, caregivers and schools. and support to education partners to overcome the barriers
related to access to education services, to avoid duplication
The cluster’s sectoral objectives are linked to the inter- of activities and to use resources efficiently to deliver quality
sectoral strategic and specific objectives of the 2023 HRP EiE responses.
and the Ministry of General Education and Instruction
(MoGEI)’s Five-Year Strategic Plan 2017-2022. Protracted The Education Cluster’s activities apply child-centered
conflict and climate change resulted in record challenges approaches, encouraging equal participation of children and
to education in 2022, including school closures, school communities. The response will strengthen the capacities
occupation by displaced people and increased number of of school management committees, community leaders
out-of-school children (estimated at 2.8 million). These and parent-teacher associations to protect and reduce the
challenges worsened the already low learning outcomes vulnerability of school children, particularly girls, against
42
gender-based violence taking place in schools or on their hygiene, training of teachers and capacity-building of parent
way to schools. In line with the 2023 HNO, education actors and teacher associations, school management committees,
will improve basic school infrastructure by establishing and community leaders, state education officials and the MoGEI
rehabilitating temporary learning spaces and WASH facilities, staff. Recognizing payment delay of teachers’ salary as a
distributing hygiene materials and providing essential life- deep structural issue in the country, the cluster members will
saving education supplies. The cluster will train teachers advocate domestic funding to compensate the teachers. In
and parent/teachers’ associations on their roles and hard-to-reach locations, the cluster will advocate continued
responsibilities and address mental health and psychosocial support for volunteer teachers with school operations as an
support (MHPSS), child protection, disability inclusion and interim arrangement.
gender-based violence. The Education Cluster members will
continue to advocate free basic education and increased The influx of displaced people due to the impact of climate
allocation of government resources for teachers’ salaries to change and renewed conflict and spontaneous returnees
retain qualified teachers and learners in schools. (both refugees and IDPs) have overstretched the education
and protection services for children. In developing
Children’s needs are multi-sectoral and therefore, the activity-based costing, the cluster has considered the
Education Cluster advocates multi-sectoral interventions prolonged economic decline and social crises affecting
with WASH, Protection, FSL, Nutrition and Health clusters education services.
building on the 2022 achievements. The Education Cluster
encourages incorporating MHPSS, referral mechanisms Assessment, monitoring and evaluation activities require
and school feeding into the package of education services. 2 per cent of the total cost indicated in the humanitarian
The cluster promotes the provision of WASH facilities in response plan. The estimated cost of sector stakeholder
schools to encourage adolescent girls to stay in school. contribution to each strategic objective varies among UN
The cluster actively participates in inter-agency initiatives agencies, national and international NGOs.
aimed at providing common service approaches to
quality programming, including accountability to affected
populations, gender equality, disability inclusion and Monitoring
localization. The Education Cluster tracks the implementation of the
response plan with the 5W matrix, a response monitoring
tool and ActivityInfo, a self-reporting tool by partners. Based
The Education Cluster will continue to work closely with the
on reports by partners, the Education Cluster coordination
MoGEI and development actors to sustain the PHD nexus.
team will track under-served groups of children, adolescents,
The Education Cluster will continue to lead on localization
internally displaced children and children with disabilities,
through participation and leadership of local actors in
and areas experiencing the highest gaps between severity of
decision-making, advocacy for principled partnerships
need and response.
and institutional capacity-strengthening to improve local
capacity and continuity of education response beyond the
emergency phase. The Education Cluster has advanced the The cluster monitors the situation through its sub-national
localization agenda by establishing the Education Cluster cluster focal points, as well as through an online reporting
Localization Task Team, co-coordinated by a national NGO at tool where partners report on incidents that affect
the national level and institutional capacity-strengthening of education services. The cluster interacts regularly with
its local members. other stakeholders, including the ICCG and cluster members,
especially national actors, to monitor the situation. The
cluster supports evidence-based response modalities
The Education Cluster will prioritize and support vulnerable
through a robust information management and data
children affected by conflict and climate change, internally
collection system and updates the situation of the sector by
displaced children, children with disabilities, out-of-school
conducting a nationwide education needs assessment.
children, young mothers, caregivers and education personnel.
The response will also prioritize locations with the highest
rates of EiE needs for children and youth and schools in The Education Cluster is represented in the regular joint inter-
the host communities accommodating an influx of newly sectoral missions to monitor field-level implementation of
displaced children. the partners’ projects and shares monitoring reports with the
ICCG, OCHA and other implementing partners as feedback.
The Education Cluster is committed to AAP. The cluster also
Cost of response encourages timely sharing of information, consultation and
The Education Cluster requires $52.3 million to provide dialogue between service providers and the affected people
education services to the targeted 866,000 children, of to improve the quality and efficacy of humanitarian response.
whom 53 per cent are girls. The resources will enable
the construction and/or rehabilitation of learning spaces
and WASH facilities in schools, provision of educational
materials and supplies, awareness-raising on health and
43
3.4
Food Security and Livelihoods
8M 6M 1.4M 3.2M 15%

Including the Abyei Administrative Including the Abyei Administrative
$650M 63 63
Objectives
In 2023, the Food Security and Livelihood (FSL) Cluster aims for asset building. Food assistance and in-kind support still
to provide emergency food assistance to prevent famine and predominates at 73 per cent, while cash/voucher and hybrid
to improve food consumption, dietary diversity and coping packages account for 20 per cent and 7 per cent respectively.
strategies for the vulnerable people facing IPC phases 3, 4 The use of cash in the response by partners will continue to
and 5. The cluster aims to enhance and sustain emergency increase in 2023.
food production through complementary vegetable and crop
livelihood, fishing and livestock support. The cluster aims WFP provides static response in 68 counties (87 per cent)
to reduce dependency on food and agricultural inputs to across the country, with mobile response representing 13
strengthen the households’ ability to absorb shocks and to per cent and available at 48 rapid response mission sites in
adapt to a changing context, especially in relation to climatic nine counties. FAO’s ratio is 95 per cent static and 5 per cent
change, economic- and conflict-related risks. mobile response, the latter providing flexible access to hard-
to-reach locations through the IRRM. This option, however,
The FSL Cluster’s life-saving humanitarian response is has been rolled back in recent years due to cost-cutting
supported by resilience and development partners through measures. Delivery of assistance by road and river through
assets and capacity-building, support for better access to more static operations is being prioritized to reduce the costs
basic services and social safety nets. Each of the cluster’s related to food airdrops using air assets (e.g., helicopters
objectives will be implemented to strengthen the nexus and fixed wing planes). However, mobile response through
between peacebuilding, humanitarian response, resilience the IRRM is still dependent on delivery by air in some parts of
(disaster risk reduction) and development programming. the country, such as the Greater Upper Nile.
Response With approximately 19 general food distribution partners,

In 2023, the FSL Cluster will target 6 million people WFP will continue to address people’s needs across all 78
(excluding refugees), providing life-saving humanitarian counties in the country. Logistical support will be needed to
assistance to 4.6 million people and capacity-building and deliver 240,000 metric tons of food assistance, a reduction
training to 1 million people. from 2022. FAO and its 60 partners will provide almost 9,000
metric tons of main season crop seed in 2023.
The FSL Cluster partners will use either in-kind assistance

or cash-based transfers, or a combination of both. The Together with Health, Nutrition and WASH clusters, the FSL
modality is determined by the principles of feasibility, Cluster follows a common integrated approach focusing on
effectiveness, efficiency, economy and safety. The World priority IPC Phase 4-classified counties, committed to deliver
Food Programme (WFP) and partners will use unconditional integrated emergency food, livelihood and livestock support
cash for purchasing food. The Food and Agriculture to the vulnerable households. The four clusters established
Organization (FAO) will use conditional CVA for nutrition minimum packages for integration in 2018, which are
support, seed trade fairs and cash-for-work (World Bank) supported through awareness-raising and advocacy with
social safety net programmes. Small cash grants will be used state-level partners.
44
In collaboration with other clusters, a multi-sectoral assets, absorptive and adaptive capacities and the delivery
integrated response will continue to be prioritized. Effective of both basic services and social safety net mechanisms.
integration takes place where FSL Cluster members have
the capability and mandate for multi-sectoral programming
Cost of response
or are active members of multi-sectoral consortiums.
The main drivers include the cost of commodities, including
Livelihood partners are challenged to support 1,000 nutrition
imported food (e.g., maize, sorghum, pulses, oil and salt),
facilities with kitchen garden demonstration plots to promote
livelihood kits (e.g., maize and sorghum crop seed, vegetable
a holistic gardening/nutrition sensitive/hygiene/food
seed and farming implements), veterinary medicines and
preparation outcome and to provide improved horticultural
vaccines; logistics support costs such as storage (mobile
practices for both the community and the community
storage units and cold chains, etc.) and transportation by
nutrition volunteers.
road, river and air. Air transport is a high driver of cost across
the Greater Upper Nile, especially during flooding when other
The FSL Cluster continues to promote communication options are limited.
and community engagement, including AAP, disability
inclusion, gender equality and the specific needs of different
An estimated $650 million will be needed for the activities
sex and age groups, community feedback and complaint
planned by the FSL Cluster for 2023. About $620 million
response mechanisms. Almost all WFP food distribution
or 93 per cent of the total financial requirement will be
sites operated from field offices use a Project Management
needed for the activities under the cluster’s first and
Committee that facilitates both feedback and complaint
second objectives, in line with the overall strategic objective
response from people targeted for assistance. FAO and
of saving lives. Some $30 million or 7 per cent of the
operational partners use community committees, with a
financial ask will cover the third objective. Continued
growing number of female members, to inform and facilitate
funding reduction of FSL partners will necessitate further
AAP in emergency response. Women’s needs, voices and
prioritization and exclusive focus on those in Emergency (IPC
rights are at the core of the cluster’s three objectives,
Phase 4) and Catastrophe (IPC Phase 5) at the expense of
with at least 50 per cent of those targeted for assistance
those in Crisis (IPC Phase 3). Many people will fall into worse
being women or girls. The focus is on intra-household
levels of food insecurity without humanitarian assistance
food consumption, women-friendly livelihood initiatives
and without improvement in the shocks and drivers causing
and empowerment in building community and household
high levels of food insecurity in South Sudan.
resilience. Pregnant and lactating women (PLW), households
with children under age 2 (those in their first 1,000 days),
the elderly, the chronically ill and persons with disabilities Some $2 million will be required for the annual Food Security
are part of the cluster’s vulnerability targeting criteria and and Nutrition Monitoring System (FSNMS) assessments and
protection-related concerns. In partnering with the GBV AoR, the IPC analysis workshop, in addition to agency monitoring
the FSL Cluster focuses on gender-based violence and PSEA and evaluation activities.
capacity-building assessments and action plans. The cluster
also works with the PSEA task force on risk assessments The highest proportion of the $650 million envelope will
and action plans related to PSEA in the distribution sites. be for food assistance (79 per cent), especially for the
procurement of in-kind food commodities, followed by
Targeting and site selection will be informed by context, emergency livelihood support (14 per cent), including the
conflict sensitivity and protection risk analysis to mitigate cost of procuring crop seed (80 per cent imported from the
risks and to ensure the principle of ‘do no harm’. By region and 20 per cent locally sourced) by FAO and NGO
conducting community-based vulnerability targeting and partners. Resilience activities (7 per cent) comprise software
conflict-sensitive assessments, the cluster seeks to ensure costs for trainings, savings and loan group formation, pest
that the most marginalized and vulnerable groups have management and disease surveillance and post-harvest
access to assistance without exacerbating tension between losses. Other resources are provided through the various
different social and ethnic groups. development/resilience projects under the UNSDCF
outside of the HRP.
Development funding supports another 20 to 30 per
cent of FSL activities outside the HRP. Several actors are Monitoring
simultaneously implementing development and humanitarian The main output-level indicators are the number of
FSL responses in the same locations. To prevent and beneficiaries receiving food (4.6 million people), the
reverse the ongoing erosion of food security and eventually number of people receiving livelihood kits (6 million
reduce the scale of humanitarian needs, the cluster will people), the number of people reached with cash/vouchers
promote longer-term approaches, leveraging capacity and (approximately 1.75 million people), the number of animals
learning from FSL actors and seeking efficiencies. For vaccinated (9 million) and treated (1 million), the number
example, locally produced seeds and grains are locally of demonstration sites at nutrition facilities (1,000), the
procured through development projects. The cluster uses number of individuals trained on improved agronomic
the Resilience Capacity Index to assess the effect of building practices, including asset building and market support (1
45
million) and the number of functional CFM in place. These greater accountability and feedback with affected persons.
output-level indicators will be monitored monthly through the WFP regularly briefs its partners to support informed
5W reporting system. The outcome-level indicators include programmatic and strategic decision-making. The cluster has
the population in IPC Phase 3 or worse, generated from recently profiled partners’ experience of linking food security
the IPC analysis, along with the Resilience Capacity Index and child protection with other topics to ensure that disability
and the Livelihood Change Index generated through the and inclusion, as well as the use of CFM are fully considered
annual FSNMS. in the response. AAP and GBV indicators are collected
monthly through the 5W reporting by the partners.
Checklists, risk audits and tip sheets are shared with
partners, along with periodic presentations on AAP, GBV,
PSEA and general protection in mitigating risks and building
PANYIJIAR COUNTY
Woman drying cereals ahead of a WFP food distribution in Nyal, a small village in the
Sudd Swamp. Food is transported to Nyal via waterways, using boats and canoes.
Photo: WFP/Gabriela Vivacqua
46
3.5
Health
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED WOMEN CHILDREN WITH

DISABILITIES
6.1M
3.6M
835K 1.8M 15%
$129M 70 70
Objectives Response
In 2023, the Health Cluster will target 3.4 million people, The Health Cluster’s people in need and targeting are
or 55.7 per cent of the 6.1 million people in need of informed by analysis of key health indicators (on status,
health services. In line with the first cluster objective, the accessibility and availability), the health sectoral severity
Health Cluster will improve equitable access to essential analysis and review of disease outbreak risks, especially
life-saving quality health services, including maternal, cholera and measles. The response design focuses on
new-born, child and adolescent health and sexual and providing life-saving essential health services in line with
reproductive health, as well as treatment of common national and international humanitarian standards, based
illnesses and non-communicable diseases such as diabetes on the epidemiological profile of disease outbreaks,
and hypertension, disability, MHPSS- and GBV-related disease burden, seasonality and trauma-related emergency
health services. Prevention and treatment of human requirements. Prevention, preparedness, response
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis will be readiness, response and mitigation activities will be
integrated in the humanitarian health response. Many undertaken with special attention given to vulnerable
neglected tropical diseases are still endemic in the country groups, including women, children, the elderly and persons
and require initiatives to adapt to the humanitarian context. with disabilities. Based on OCHA’s regular contextual
Under the third objective, the response will enhance analysis and field operations experiences by partners, the
resilience and promote peacebuilding, humanitarian and Health Cluster partners will be guided to have contingency
development linkages to strengthen the recovery of the measures in place to respond timely in an ever-changing
health system and coping mechanisms. humanitarian context.
The cluster activities aim to improve people’s access to In collaboration with the Ministry of Health, cluster members
and utilization of essential health care services to reduce will support different intervention modalities suited to the
morbidity and mortality. Disease outbreaks will be detected needs of the affected people, including COVID-19 control
early, investigated on time and responded promptly through and prevention. As South Sudan is still at risk of EVD,
the strengthened Integrated Disease Surveillance and the Health Cluster and partners will continue with EVD
Response (IDSR) and Early Warning Alert and Response prevention, preparedness and response readiness activities.
System (EWARS). COVID-19 prevention measures and The cluster will support static and mobile health facilities
EVD operational readiness actions will be integrated, while and community-based health care systems to serve the
providing essential life-saving health services. Community communities affected by emergencies and without access
and county health system reliance will be promoted through to services. The Health Cluster plans to further strengthen
synergy building and optimizing the use of limited resources its technical, operational and field coordination support to
among peacebuilding, humanitarian and development the partners and authorities by conducting joint support
actors. Community consultation, feedback and partnership supervision visits. The Health Cluster will continue to
will be promoted. collaborate with development partners who provide regular
47
health services in crisis-affected areas, by collectively multi-cluster projects to avoid duplication of activities
identifying hard-to-reach communities in need of life-saving and to promote quality and value-for-money holistic care.
health services. Each strategic objective is carefully aligned with several
output indicators.
Improved access to essential health services will contribute
to the overall reduction of the high maternal mortality and The type of activity required to promote the necessary
under-five mortality rates and will mitigate the transmission intervention for a resource-intensive and time-critical
of vaccine-preventable diseases and other infectious response is costed accordingly. Quality assessments involve
diseases. The cluster will involve the affected communities a combination of various costs (e.g., quantities and use
and the county health system (implementing national health of seasoned professionals), as well as intense logistical
promotion, prevention and control programmes) in planning support, (e.g., delivery of essential commodities to response
and organizing emergency health services. Surgical and sites). The overall Health Cluster envelope for 2023 remains
trauma care services will be integral to the health response the same as in 2022 at $129 million, with the cost per
through referral pathway to secondary and tertiary facilities. beneficiary at $37.7. The cost to meet the first, second and
The cluster coordination mechanism at the national and third cluster objectives is $77 million, $39 million and $13
state levels will be utilized to coordinate, collaborate and million respectively.
liaise with the partners and authorities to implement, monitor
and review the response activities. Referral pathways will be
Monitoring
streamlined and strengthened for MHPSS, GBV survivors and
The Health Cluster will collect, analyse and use data
maternal and child health emergencies. Referral pathways
monitoring to measure performance against a set of
will link the community and facility-based health care
indicators for the response plan on a quarterly basis.
systems to provide continuity of care. Cross-sectoral referral
The cluster’s contribution to data analysis for response
links will be strengthened to improve the health and well-
planning, monitoring and evaluation will include data from
being of the crisis-affected people.
IDSR, EWARS and District Health Information System-2
(DHIS2), as well as assessment reports from IRNA, multi-
To protect both the patient and health staff, the cluster will cluster and sectoral initial rapid assessments, public health
encourage and support infection prevention, control and situation analysis, health service functionality, 5W, the
WASH measures, including appropriate COVID-19 and EVD health resources availability monitoring system, outbreak
prevention and management activities. Safety and security investigation reports and mortality and morbidity estimates.
of the health workers and facilities will be given the highest The cluster will invest in partner capacities to strengthen
priority, through continuous advocacy for a safe, secure and data collection and information analysis for planning,
conducive environment and regular reporting on attacks response and evaluation. The cluster’s indicators are aligned
on health care. Through the inter-cluster coordination with response activities to improve the living conditions
mechanisms at all levels, the Health Cluster will work of the vulnerable people. They are set to identify incident
towards comprehensive integration and collaboration with rates for selected diseases, case fatality rates, health
other clusters, including FSL, Nutrition, Protection and WASH. facilities supported with essential health care commodities,
Inter-sectoral initiatives will include integrated public health outpatient consultations, functional health facilities,
response plans for flood response readiness, complementary assisted deliveries by skilled birth attendants, attacks on
sectoral response targeting the same locations and health care and facilities and the number of people who
population groups, protection mainstreaming and use of receive Clinical Management of Rape services, MHPSS and
inter-sectoral referral pathways and initiatives to integrate disability services.
health and nutrition services at the organization and facility
levels. The Health Cluster will participate in multi-sectoral
In 2022, continued violence, insecurity and attacks on health
approaches for joint response planning and implementation
care and health workers resulted in limited movement
of humanitarian services in high-risk areas prone to severe
and access, leading to challenges in documenting the
food insecurity, floods, disease outbreaks and conflicts.
cluster response. In 2023, the cluster will provide training
Health services in remote deep field locations will be
on data management for improved sex, age and disability
provided in the form of light response missions by utilizing
inclusion reporting. The cluster will use various community
rapid response mechanisms.
communication and engagement modalities, including
robust CFM, community discussions and exit interviews.
Cost of response Through community feedback mechanisms such as
The cost of the health response is based on the economic health committees, the cluster will collectively monitor
climate, cost variance for geographical locations and health the affected communities’ perception of and satisfaction
service packages designed to meet the health needs. This with service provision during the response. The quality of
will ensure a timely response to the ongoing multiple health service provision will be monitored through quarterly
disease outbreaks and seasonal environmental hazards, joint support supervision visits involving the Health Cluster
including floods and conflict that continue to displace members and implementing partner at the state or county
thousands of people and provide projections for trauma- health departments.
related insecurities. The Health Cluster supports integrated
48
3.6
Logistics
ORGANIZATIONS IN NEED ORGANIZATIONS TARGETED REQUIREMENTS (US$) PARTNERS PROJECTS
340 340 93M 2 4

Objectives
The provision of logistics coordination, information through safe, effective and efficient passenger air services
management, preparedness and technical advisory to approximately 54 regularly scheduled destinations. To
services to the humanitarian community will ensure a well- respond to rapidly changing needs, UNHAS will facilitate
coordinated, effective and cost-efficient logistics response. It off-schedule requests to ensure that humanitarian
will build the logistics capacity in South Sudan and prevent organizations can promptly reach the people in need with
the duplication of efforts, which will benefit the humanitarian timely assistance. UNHAS maintains a fleet of 12 aircraft,
response in the country. including four helicopters and eight fixed wings, adjusted
throughout the year based on needs.
In line with the first objective, the Logistics Cluster will
ensure an integrated and inclusive humanitarian action and The Logistics Cluster will facilitate access to common
provide humanitarian organizations with access to vulnerable logistics services for the movement of humanitarian cargo to
people to implement critical cross-sectoral services. The reach the vulnerable people. Logistics and cost efficiencies
second cluster objective will ensure that the affected people will be optimized to further stretch the funding and meet the
have safe, tailored, timely and dignified access to appropriate demand of humanitarian organizations. The pre-positioning
services. The United Nations Humanitarian Air Service of cargo by road during the dry season will maximize the
(UNHAS) and its provision of passenger air services, the use of the most cost-efficient transport method and help
Logistics Cluster and its facilitation of common services and humanitarian organizations be prepared for emergencies
IOM’s Common Transport Services (CTS) with its road cargo with readily available stocks. These efforts will be enabled
transport will enable humanitarian actors to reach the people by facilitating road convoys to accessible locations, the
in need and the project implementation sites. provision of medium-distance road transport with IOM’s
CTS trucks as part of the Beyond Response projects in Wau,
The rehabilitation of roads and dykes will enable Bentiu and Malakal and access to common storage facilities
humanitarian actors to use the most cost-efficient in locations with insufficient commercial capacities.
transportation modality to deliver multi-sectoral relief items
to the vulnerable communities. It will also open key supply WFP’s Infrastructure Rehabilitation project will contribute
routes to the commercial sector. to the resilience of communities. It will rehabilitate critical
roads, construct and maintain bridges, upgrade critical
Linking to the third strategic objective, the Logistics Cluster infrastructure such as ports and airports, build dykes along
will facilitate access to logistics services for the entire the main supply routes and repair dyke breach points. This
humanitarian community to build resilience of the vulnerable will ensure access to Greater Upper Nile (Unity, Upper Nile
people to shocks and stresses. Infrastructure rehabilitation and Jonglei states) and pre-positioning of both food and
will ensure that the communities that were frequently cut non-food items ahead of the rainy season. It will also prevent
off and displaced are less affected and more resilient to future flooding, thereby contributing to longer-term disaster
shocks, contributing to longer-term sustainable development risk reduction and climate adaptation.
in the region.
Multi-stakeholder logistics coordination will take place at
the national and state-level levels, with regular coordination
Response meetings held to collectively address logistical challenges.
Four logistics projects will support 340 humanitarian Preparedness and capacity-building efforts of the Logistics
organizations across South Sudan, including UN agencies Cluster will continue to be an important tool to build the
and national and international NGOs. UNHAS will enhance logistics capacities in the country to ensure that the
access to the people and the project implementation sites
49
vulnerable communities are effectively served through a Monitoring

prepared and locally driven supply chain. Data will be collected through the IOM Fleet Management
and Internal Tracking System, UNHAS Electronic Flight
The Logistics Cluster will facilitate air cargo transport Management Application, Logistics Cluster Relief Item
through WFP as a provider of last resort, particularly to Tracking Application and WFP Logistics and Engineering
the ICCG-prioritized locations not accessible by other Unit’s rehabilitation tracker. User satisfaction with the
means and for emergencies such as response scale-ups services will be monitored regularly through the Logistics
or disease outbreaks requiring life-saving assistance. Cluster coordination meetings, UNHAS user group meetings
Logistics operations will be streamlined using IOM’s CTS in and annual performance surveys. Standard Administrative
six logistics hubs (Bentiu, Bor, Juba, Malakal, Rumbek and and Operating Procedures are publicly available
Wau), enabling the movement of supplies from warehouse and adhered to.
to airstrip, riverside and other short-distance trucking. CTS
ensures people’s safe access to services and resources To monitor performance, the cluster will report monthly
with dignity, including in hard-to-reach and newly accessible on the indicators that contribute to achieving the sectoral
locations. By facilitating cargo transportation by road, CTS objectives, including the number of organizations utilizing
helps to optimize cost-effectiveness and improve the services and coordination, information management
efficiency and timeliness of the wider humanitarian and and preparedness efforts. User satisfaction is quantified
transition response projects in South Sudan. through the survey results. UNHAS tracks the number
of passengers, transported light cargo and the number
of evacuations performed. To assess the progress in
Cost of response achieving logistics efficiencies, the cluster will monitor the
The logistics response planned for 2023 requires $93.4 total amount of cargo transported monthly, including the
million. The main cost drivers for UNHAS ($54.6 million) percentage of relief cargo moved by river and road versus by
reside in the uninterrupted provision of aviation services to air, the amount of cargo transported with CTS, the number
the entire humanitarian community in South Sudan. The main of kilometres of infrastructure rehabilitated by WFP, the
expenditures will include contracting the most suitable air number of road convoys facilitated and the common storage
assets to support the humanitarian community. available to the entire humanitarian community for the
pre-positioning of cargo.
The main driver of the Logistics Cluster costs ($20 million)
is the facilitation of access to air cargo transport for the
humanitarian community. The Logistics Cluster will continue
to focus on more cost-efficient transport methods. However,
the facilitation of free-to-user air cargo transport remains
essential, as no viable commercial options are available, and
many locations are not reachable by other means.
The budget’s main costs of the WFP Infrastructure

Rehabilitation project ($15.5 million) are the mobilization
of assets to transport required equipment, materials and
manpower. The project is critical for WFP to provide life-
saving food assistance in a cost-efficient way (airdrops
are six times more expensive than road transport) and
to promote economic growth in the region through the
employment of casual labourers from the area.
The predominant cost driver for IOM CTS in 2023 ($3.1

million) is human resources, equipment maintenance
and upgrades. IOM maintains sufficient technical staffing,
office and mechanical workshop facilities to provide
adequate logistics support. This project also ensures the
full-time availability of 18 dedicated trucks that facilitate
the transportation of relief items to the deep field areas
in South Sudan.
50
3.7
Nutrition
2.2M 1.6M 516K 1.1M 15%

$230M 43 43
Objectives
South Sudan continues to experience overlapping crises, interventions and services from multiple clusters, including
including floods, conflict and food insecurity, contributing Health, WASH, FSL, Protection and Education, the Nutrition
to high level of acute malnutrition at 16 per cent since 2019, Cluster will continue to enhance collaboration and the
above the WHO emergency threshold of 15 per cent. In 2023, scale up of the multi-sector programmes. Partnership with
more than 2.2 million children and women, including those other clusters is important to provide a comprehensive
with disabilities, will require nutrition services to prevent and service package with the potential to affect the multiple
treat malnutrition. interconnected drivers of malnutrition, reduce vulnerabilities,
prevent malnutrition and build resilience among the
To address the suffering, morbidity and mortality related vulnerable people. Examples of multi-sector actions include
to malnutrition among the vulnerable people, the Nutrition increasing access to food, safe water and sanitation and
Cluster will increase equitable access to, and utilization health services, promoting critical WASH and optimal
of, quality preventative and curative nutrition services for nutrition messages, integrating early childhood development
children, adolescents and women in the prioritized counties strategies in nutrition service delivery and mainstreaming
experiencing multiple deprivations, including high acute child protection and GBV risk mitigation at the nutrition sites.
malnutrition rates, food insecurity, morbidity and poor WASH
conditions. The Nutrition Cluster’s 41 implementing partners provide
comprehensive preventive and curative nutrition services for
The Nutrition Cluster response will constitute the provision 1,317 nutrition sites in 78 counties. The cluster will continue
of maternal, infant and child nutrition services and treatment to work with its partners to prepare for and respond to
of severe and moderate acute malnutrition. To reduce acute different shocks, such as sub-national conflicts and floods.
malnutrition, morbidity and mortality and increase people’s In 2023, the cluster will increase the quality of services and
resilience, the Nutrition Cluster will intensify coordination efficiency of resources and advocate for the integration
and integrate programming with the FSL, WASH, Health, of nutrition services in the health system. The cluster will
Education and Protection clusters to ensure safe, equitable promote the simplification of early detection, referral and
and dignified access to critical multi-sectoral basic services. treatment of acutely malnourished children, including
empowering families and communities to use of family
mid-upper arm circumference as an entry point for optimal
Response nutrition practices. The cluster will put greater emphasis
Multi-sector actions addressing the multiple drivers of acute on strengthening the PHD nexus and localization efforts to
malnutrition must be scaled up to reduce malnutrition in support the gradual transition of nutrition service provision
South Sudan. The cluster will continue to proactively employ from international NGOs to national NGOs and local
a people-centered approach, mainstreaming disability county authorities with capacity. The cluster will promote
inclusion, AAP and Gender with Age Marker in the design, implementation approaches to enhance efficiency, such
delivery and monitoring of the nutrition response. To ensure as the use of evidence to rationalize the required number
that the same targeted households or individuals receive of implementing partners and nutrition sites per county, to
51
maintain quality coverage of nutrition services. Mobile, static to invest means that 1.4 million acutely malnourished
and integrated health and nutrition teams will be deployed to children in South Sudan may die from lack of adequate
support the delivery of quality nutrition services. The cluster nutrition treatment.
will continue monitoring the situation to identify insecure and
inaccessible areas for RRM to improve timeliness of life- The largest costs include procurement, storage and delivery
saving services. of ready-to-use specialized foods, essential medicines
for malnutrition and specialized foods for blanket
In the event of reduced funding, the Nutrition Cluster will supplementary feeding programmes. Other costs include
prioritize counties with overlapping and high levels of the use of cash as protection assistance for mothers and
multiple deprivations, including high acute malnutrition rates, caretakers of children admitted in the stabilization centres as
food insecurity, morbidity and poor WASH conditions. The part of a pilot programme.
Nutrition Cluster will target children under age 5 and PLW
with preventive and curative services. The areas of focus To adapt to the operational environment, the service delivery
will include Budi, Akobo, Canal/Pigi, Duk, Fangak, Nyirol, modality will change from static to mobile, increasing the
Pibor, Uror, Aweil North, Leer, Mayom, Panyijiar, Rubkona, operational costs. The nutrition response will optimize
Longochuck, Maiwut, Malakal, Panyikang, Ulang, Tonj North, community nutrition volunteers and health and nutrition sites
Tonj South, Twic and the Abyei Administrative Area. as platforms to provide and scale up multi-sectoral services.
They will also provide an outpatient therapeutic programme
To ensure that the vulnerable people access regular quality and a target supplementary feeding programme to prevent
nutrition services, the cluster will undertake appropriate data malnutrition and to improve efficiency in programme services.
analysis and information identifying gaps, opportunities
and best practices. The cluster will roll out the data quality
Monitoring
assurance tool, conduct barrier analysis of maternal
The national and state-level Nutrition Cluster will oversee
infant and young child nutrition and conduct Standardized
and monitor the nutrition situation and the needs of the
Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions
affected people through bi-annual FSNMS, qualitative AAP
(SMART) nutrition surveys in priority counties. Best practices
survey, SMART surveys, monthly nutrition programme data
and lessons learned on using multi-sectoral approach will
collection and analysis and joint field monitoring visits.
be documented and shared and GBV safety audits will
Regular and coordinated spot checks, supportive monitoring
be conducted at the nutrition sites. For sustainability of
and supervision visits will be conducted to monitor the
the nutrition information system, efforts will be made to
service delivery and to engage with the community and other
integrate the nutrition indicators in the DHIS2 and in the
stakeholders to measure the evolving needs. Community
national FSNMS.
nutrition volunteers will be supported to carry out household
visits, conduct regular screening of malnourished children
To strengthen the state-level capacity for better coordination and women to ensure timely detection and treatment and
of nutrition preparedness and response, the Nutrition to report their findings monthly. Data collection tools and
Cluster will continue to implement capacity-building through analysis will be strengthened to enhance the monitoring of
on-the-job training, supportive supervision, mentoring and integrated services.
peer-to-peer learning. The Nutrition Cluster will engage
with development actors through the Scaling Up Nutrition
The Nutrition Cluster will promote community participation
Movement and Health Development Partners Group to
for a responsive nutrition service delivery. Implementing
advocate for long-term investment to address the drivers of
partners will be supported to establish and maintain CFM in
malnutrition and build resilience of the communities. The
the nutrition sites. This is in addition to spot exit interviews
cluster will also advocate the strengthening of community
during joint quarterly monitoring visits to assess satisfaction
platforms, particularly integrating the community nutrition
of nutrition service delivery among the affected people.
volunteers in the Boma Health Initiative and empowering
AAP, gender equality and disability inclusion will remain
the mother-to-mother support groups as a main vehicle
integral to work plans of the Strategic Advisory Group and
for delivering multi-sectoral services at the community and
technical working groups for enhanced accountability in the
household levels.
response. The cluster will monitor the availability of financial
resources against the projected HRP requirements and
Cost of response advocate accordingly.
The Nutrition Cluster requires an estimated $230 million to
reach 1.6 million children under age 5 and some 500,000
PLW suffering from acute malnutrition with preventive and
life-saving interventions. The investment is required to
sustain gains made in 2022 and to scale up the interventions
that address the major drivers of malnutrition to prevent
further deterioration in the nutrition situation. Failure
52
3.8
Protection
6.1M 2.9M 654K 1.8M 15%

$103M 72 93
Objectives
In 2023, some 6.1 million people will need protection static response in priority locations; and 4. Promoting
services and assistance. The Protection Cluster aims and prioritizing the provision of protection assistance
to address, prevent and respond to protection risks and and services.
violations, including those identified through the Protection
Monitoring System, by pursing three strategic objectives Considering the protracted nature of different forms
under the HRP. Cluster objective 1 aims at ensuring the of displacement taking place in South Sudan, including
provision of critical protection assistance and services, people being displaced every day, the Protection Cluster
including specialized services, tailored to the specific needs will aim to enhance prevention efforts and support durable
and considering age, gender and disability. Under objective solutions – linking its work with the development and
2, the cluster aims to prevent and mitigate protection peacebuilding agendas.
risks through enhanced situational monitoring, emergency
preparedness, prevention and community resilience-building.
The government has the primary responsibility for protecting
Under strategic objective 3, the cluster will contribute to
the displaced people and creating conditions necessary for
enable durable solutions for the displaced people from the
achieving durable solutions. The Protection Cluster will aim
start to reduce risks related to secondary and protracted
at enhancing the capacities of the authorities, directly and
displacement.
through the HCT, advocate this primary responsibility, draw
attention to the urgency for accountability, access to justice
Response and rule of law, including adherence to human rights and
In 2023, the Protection Cluster set the target of people international humanitarian law, as applicable.
to reach with their response at 3.2 million, a 10 per cent
increase from 2022. This country-level target is based on
the HNO, response capacities and humanitarian access. In
light of the anticipated funding cuts for 2023, the Protection
Cluster has set four priorities for the 2023 response, aimed
at a more targeted and tailored protection response: 1.
Strengthening the Protection Monitoring System to ensure
the continuous monitoring of the protection situation
and their scale and impact on communities over time; 2.
Enhancing the identification of those most at risk, most in
need and most vulnerable considering age, gender, disability
and diversity considerations aimed at leaving no one behind;
3. Strengthening the mobile protection response capacity
to enhance the reach of the protection response as well as
to enable early action and a flexible emergency response,
including into hard-to-reach areas, in addition to a robust
53
Child Protection
3.7M 1M 235K 753K 15%

$33.5M 37 37
Children and adolescents, including those with disabilities, protection risks, and be able to report incidents, refer cases
continue to be exposed to a wide range of protection and seek support. Through its networks of partners, the Child
risks, such as family separation, recruitment and use of Protection AoR members will monitor and report on grave
children by armed forces and groups, psychosocial distress, violations against children and support community-based
sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), neglect, abuse reintegration of children released from armed forces or
and exploitation. An estimated 3.1 million children and armed groups.
adolescents, a 3.5 per cent increase from 2022, will need
immediate life-saving child protection services in 2023. Similarly, child protection will be integrated with other
The Child Protection AoR response in 2023 will focus on clusters; and case management for child survivors of SGBV
the provision of life-saving child protection and specialized will be expanded. Education and child protection partners
services through an integrated approach to address the will continue to work together on improving children’s
priority needs of more than 1 million vulnerable girls, boys and psychosocial well-being and protective environment in
their families – 357,000 displaced people (271,114 children), schools. Integrated Child Help Desks will be established
281,000 returnees (209,877 children) and 389,234 host at service points, including schools and health centres.
communities (272,463 children) in priority counties, including Community-based child protection will be strengthened.
12 counties with highest needs (severity 5) particularly Budi, The technical and institutional capacity of national NGOs,
Kapoeta East, Fangak, Uror, Yirol West, Mayom, Luakpiny/ civil society and faith-based organizations, frontline child
Nasir, Maiwut, Manyo, Panyikang, Renk and Nzara counties. protection workers, and community volunteers/networks
will be enhanced to expand coverage in underserved areas
The Child Protection AoR response will continue to address and improve the quality-of-service provision. Community-led
and respond to multiple protection risks faced by children innovations by community structures will be supported to
and adolescents, through the expansion of comprehensive enhance ownership and sustainability of prevention purposes.
case management services including family tracing,
reunification and alternative care services for unaccompanied In 2023, the Child Protection AoR will require $33.5 million to
and separated children and other at-risk children, roll out provide 1 million children, adolescents, and their caregivers
the held protection information management systems, with life-saving child protection services. The AoR has
provision of quality MHPSS based on the needs. Structured maintained a hybrid costing system of activity (cost per child)
MHPSS and referrals for specialized preventative and and project-based costing which allows flexible approach in
responsive child protection programming will be promoted planning. Child protection services such as family tracing,
through established child protection case management family reunification for unaccompanied and separated
referral pathways, the use of MHPSS static and mobile children, rehabilitation and integration of children associated
team in collaboration with the health, education, and other with armed forces and armed groups, and systems
relevant sectors. strengthening across the peacebuilding, humanitarian
and development programming will require long-term/
Emphasis will be placed on preventive interventions including sustained funding.
scaling up community-based child protection approaches
and dissemination of preventive child protection messages.
This will improve their knowledge and skills to identify
54
Gender-Based Violence
2.8M 976K 514K 415K 15%

Excluding the Abyei Administrative Excluding the Abyei Administrative
Area and refugees Area and refugees
$32.5M 42 42
According to the 2023 HNO, women and girls are differently joint safety audits, ensuring the implementation of the
affected, and their vulnerability is exacerbated by various recommendations and providing livelihood and economic
forms of GBV, including rape, physical assault, forced support. Similarly, the GBV response interventions will
marriage and SEA. Similarly, men and boys are also exposed include the provision of psychosocial support, GBV case
to killings, abductions and forced recruitment, especially in management, establishment and strengthening of GBV
conflict settings. An estimated 2.8 million people will face referral systems and implementation of Women and Girls
GBV risks in 2023 – a 9 per cent increase from the 2022 Friendly Space programming. Other response priorities
estimates. They will need GBV prevention, risk mitigation and will include the provision of legal services, livelihoods and
scale-up of specialized GBV response services. economic support, provision of cash-based individual
protection assistance and capacity-building of frontline GBV
Within the inter-sectoral strategic and specific objectives service providers. The GBV AoR will advocate and support
and under the overall Protection Cluster objective, the GBV GBV partners to establish and operationalize safe houses. It
AoR aims to ensure the provision of GBV prevention and will also support national-, state- and county-level actors to
risk mitigation measures, to reduce the suffering of GBV enhance preparedness, contingency planning and disaster
survivors and to strengthen vulnerability assessment and risk risk reduction on GBV to ensure continuity of GBV service
analysis to identify risks to various forms of gender-based provision across the peacebuliding, humanitarian and
violence by using data analysis from the GBV Information development continuum.
Management System and other sources. Depending on
the location and access, the GBV AoR uses both static and The GBV AoR requires $32.5 million to target 975,528 people
mobile service delivery approaches (e.g., mobile court clinics with GBV prevention, risk mitigation and response services.
and integrated mobile protection services). It will also use a The priority counties are Fangak, Malakal, Pibor, Twic,
combination of CVA, in-kind support such as dignity kits and Kapoeta North, Leer, Magwi, Mayom, Panyikang, Tonj North
provision of frontline GBV services as appropriate. and Yei. The cost of the GBV humanitarian response plan is
calculated by factoring in the costs of the GBV programming
Primary GBV prevention programmes, such as Engaging Men prevention, risk mitigation and expanded response
and Boys through Accountable Practice and Community Care services based on increased needs. The GBV AoR will use
Programme, will address harmful social norms and systemic project- and activity-based costing approaches that outline
gender inequality as part of the primary GBV prevention the unit cost per beneficiary for each GBV in emergency
intervention approaches. Community engagement and programme intervention. It will assist partners in using a
awareness-raising activities will focus on the risk factors result-based management approach in their programme
for GBV, available response services and timely seeking of monitoring and evaluation against the established HRP
services and reporting of GBV incidents within 72 hours. indicators and targets.
The GBV risk mitigation interventions will prioritize the
integration of GBV actions and survivor support across the
sectoral interventions of different clusters and AoRs within
the Protection Cluster, along with dignity kit distribution and
programming, distribution of fuel-efficient stoves, conducting
55
Housing, Land and Property
2M
324K 161K N/A
15%
$6.2M 15 14
In 2023, the newly established the Housing, Land and The HLP AoR will aim to strengthen coordinated and
Property (HLP) Technical AoR will aim to provide legal integrated inter-sectoral responses to ensure cross-cutting
assistance and services to 323,643 people in need. Special issues are addressed, especially towards joint assessments,
attention will be given to HLP issues, as competition guidance documents and actions for humanitarian response
for land and natural resources remain as critical drivers on due diligence, security of tenure, risk mitigation for
of conflict and impediment to durable solutions. The women and strengthening of advocacy messages. Framing
core humanitarian HLP activities will focus on legal aid/ shelter assistance through the HLP lens will be factored
assistance, legal counselling, awareness-raising, advocacy, in to avoid inadvertently exposing the beneficiaries to
coordination, training and capacity-strengthening. HLP risk of unknowingly giving legitimacy to land grabbing
activities will contribute to guaranteed safe housing, land and occupation.
and property for women, men, girls, boys and persons with
disabilities, observing due diligence considerations for The HLP AoR will apply a hybrid system of activity- and
security of tenure and prevention of disputes. Governance project-based costing, based on the agreed minimum rate
structures on HLP rights will be supported, including the of $30. Cost drivers are determined by the high cost of
development of progressive and nuanced national-level legal assistance and support, capacity-building activities
legislation and continuous advocacy for the adoption and and combination of an individualized approach with the
review of HLP-related legal frameworks. Focused activities implementation of awareness-raising and community-based
for the realization of women’s HLP rights will be designed activities, implying less costs. The financial envelope of the
by prioritizing female-headed households, widows and HLP AoR totals $6 million.
minorities who are often unable to access HLP services, to
reinforce security of tenure, restore HLP documentation and
resolve HLP disputes.
The HLP response, comprised of a comprehensive set of

activities, will strengthen people’s access to HLP rights.
Community outreach will sensitize people on HLP rights as
refugees and IDPs return, reintegrate or relocate and settle in
other areas within the country. Support for the establishment
of dispute resolution mechanisms and the strengthening
of existing mechanisms, as well as trainings for relevant
institutions, will contribute to improving the rule of law as
an essential component of conflict prevention. As part of
protection monitoring, the HLP component will be included in
all protection assessments, including the Protection Cluster
Monitoring System, ensuring that partners continue to
document issues and refer them as needed to the Protection
Cluster and the HLP AoR.
56
Mine Action
0.5M 223K 56K

113K 15%
$9M 10 10
Objectives
In 2023, the Mine Action AoR will target 223,000 people out The Mine Action AoR needs $9 million to deliver assistance
of an estimated 538,000 people in need. The AoR will focus and services in 2023. The predominant cost drivers of mine
on surveying and clearing explosive hazards, as well as action operations (e.g., survey and clearance of explosive
providing Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) to the remnants of war) are due to the technical equipment and
host communities, displaced people, returnees and refugees. number of personnel, both requiring strict compliance
EORE will instruct women, men, girls, boys and persons with with the National Technical Standard and Guidance
disabilities on how to identify, avoid and report explosive and International Mine Action Standards. The operating
hazards. Special emphasis will be given to children, as they environment and response modalities required to implement
make up the majority of accident victims and survivors, and mine action, such as establishing and maintaining a remote
to displaced people and returnees due to their unfamiliarity field site camp for the entire project period, drive the average
with the terrain. cost higher. Approximately 70 per cent of the costs will
be used to implement mine action operations, while the
EORE will be delivered to all members within a community. It remaining 30 per cent will be for the provision of EORE.
will include targeted messaging based on their roles within
their respective environments. Community members play a Cost of response
crucial role in the implementation of mine action operations Due to the anticipated decline in funding, the protection
and EORE to identify new hazardous areas. Information from activities in the 2023 HRP have been designed to be
various community members will be shared and gathered to implemented by fewer partners to avoid duplication and to
ensure their specific needs are addressed and interventions reduce the operational costs. The total funding requirement
are adapted. for the Protection Cluster and the respective AoRs stands at
$103 million. While mobile interventions have the potential
Six counties are classified as catastrophic, having 16 or to reach more people at a comparatively lower cost, static
more hazardous areas recorded. The majority are located member presence must be strengthened or re-established
within the Greater Equatoria region, considered to have the to ensure quality service delivery, to increase protection
highest agricultural potential in the country and as one of the interventions in hard-to-reach areas and to maximize the
main routes for returns from Uganda. These hazards affect impact of community-level interventions. Wherever possible,
civilians’ ability to access basic services (e.g., education and the Protection Cluster and its members will enhance an
health) and natural resources (e.g., water and land), thereby individualized approach, increasing case management and
reducing their coping mechanisms. The Mine Action AoR targeted assistance.
members will coordinate with other clusters and partners to
support and enable the implementation of their interventions
in a safe and secure environment. While access to remote
locations remains a challenge, integrating mine action as
an enabler in humanitarian response facilitates increased
community resilience and development.
57
Monitoring
Protection monitoring plays an important role in identifying AAP and community engagement modalities will remain
protection trends, violations and risks for the population a critical part for protection partners, who will continue to
of concern for the purpose of effective programming and facilitate meaningful participation and engagement of the
advocacy. The Protection Cluster will report targets reached affected communities. This will ensure adequate advocacy
on specified indicators through the monthly 5W reporting and AAP through the monitoring of beneficiary CFM in both
mechanism and through its dedicated Monitoring and static and mobile protection interventions. The Protection
Evaluation Officer. Substantive monitoring and analysis of Cluster members will be routinely sensitized and reminded
the protection situation, including through the activities of of the core humanitarian principles and PSEA to ensure that
the Protection Monitoring Working Group and the Protection the beneficiaries are negatively affected by humanitarian
Monitoring System deployed in 2022, will allow the interventions. Monitoring of progress against the indicators
monitoring of the impact of partner activities. will be disaggregated by sex, age, gender and disability to
ensure that the protection measures reach all people in need.
The Mine Action AoR will collect and analyse data on the
number of hazardous areas surveyed and cleared, as well as
the number of individuals who have received EORE sessions
on a daily, weekly and monthly basis. This information will be
reported in the Information Management System for Mine
Action and disseminated to the appropriate stakeholders,
alongside the monthly 5W reports.
RUBKONA COUNTY
With support from CERF, displaced women participate in income-generating activities at a women
and girls friendly space in the Bentiu IDP site A. Photo: OCHA/Sarah Waiswa
58
3.9
Shelter and Non-Food Items
3M
1.5M
354K 772K 15%
$35M 23 24
Objectives
In 2023, the Shelter and Non-Food Items (S/NFI) Cluster The cluster will prioritize the provision of timely and targeted
aims to provide humanitarian assistance to an estimated life-saving assistance through the delivery of emergency
1.46 million people out of the 2.98 million people (about 49 shelter and household items to the affected people. Life-
per cent) in need of S/NFI support. Under Cluster Objective saving NFI kits will continue to be distributed as needed
2, the cluster will focus on increasing direct support to and defined by the needs assessments. Affected families
people affected by the crisis, including newly displaced will also be provided with life-saving protective NFI kits,
people, people in protracted displacement, climate related such as mosquito nets, kanga and blankets, to reduce their
displacement, non-displaced people and returnees. By exposure to harsh weather conditions and to mitigate health
reaching the vulnerable people with timely and tailored and protection risks, including preventing mortality among
assistance building on the capacities of the affected people, children, PLW and the elderly.
the S/NFI Cluster will support crisis-affected people to start
transitioning into recovery. The cluster will scale up the use of cash in areas where
markets are functional, with an emphasis on multi-purpose
cash grants, to meet the affected population’s diverse needs
Under Cluster Objective 3, the cluster plans to support
and to rebuild the local economy.
at least 33 per cent of the returnees, 58 per cent of the
displaced and crisis-affected community members and 12 In response to the continuous flooding since 2019, the S/NFI
per cent of the host community members with life-saving Cluster will implement contextualized disaster risk reduction
assistance. This will help increase their resilience, decrease strategies as part of the S/NFI reconstruction programmes.
their exposure to hazards and mitigate probable protection The cluster will continue to emphasize the use of flood-
risks through transitional and flood-resilient reconstruction resilient construction methods, such as transitional shelter
and rehabilitation programmes. Providing the crisis-affected and shelter repairs/upgrades for the returnees and the
people with materials and skills to recover and to assert affected host community members as a pathway to durable
their rights is critical to decrease their exposure to future shelter solutions.
shocks and stresses.
The S/NFI Cluster intends to adopt a multi-sectoral approach,
since shelter is a keystone intervention that is critical for
Response dignity and survival. It provides the necessary security,
The S/NFI Cluster will only target 1.46 million affected personal safety, protection against harsh climate, health,
people in need of S/NFI. The cluster response will be tailored livelihoods, nutrition and protection outcomes by ensuring
to the needs expressed by the affected people, based on that the crisis-affected people have safe and secure
the assessed sector-specific county severity level and locations to inhabit and to assert their role as community
prioritization by the NAWG. Specific vulnerabilities for each members. The cluster will continue to collaborate with the
population group, access to the affected locations and the other clusters, particularly CCCM, Protection, FSL, Health and
availability of partners in each location are considered in the WASH, to ensure a holistic approach to respond to the needs.
response prioritization.
59
Most IDPs and returnee families have no access to land Increased costs for transporting goods are reflected in the
rights, and, in some cases, land disputes increase the re-calculation of the cost of assistance packages. This has
tension with the host communities. The S/NFI Cluster will increased the overall cost of S/NFI interventions.
work closely with the HLP Task Force to find solutions to the
HLP challenges, which are an impediment to the provision Monitoring
of durable shelters. The cluster will continue to advocate an The S/NFI Cluster will continue to monitor the needs through
improved HLP approach to the entire response cycle. partners’ assessments and field visits, as well as by working
closely with the Needs Analysis Working Group. Through its
In all cluster interventions, the community will be placed bi-weekly Operational Working Group meetings, the cluster
at the centre of S/NFI activities by ensuring meaningful will further discuss the emerging needs with the partners
participation, robust CFM and monitoring and evaluation to prioritize and identify the gaps and to allocate resources
activities by the affected population. The cluster will also for the response. For impact monitoring, the cluster will
ensure that all partners adhere to the AAP principles. encourage the partners, whenever possible, to conduct
post-distribution monitoring and to assess if the response
Cost of Response was conflict-sensitive, where it was conducted per the ‘do no
The S/NFI Cluster activities in 2023 are estimated at $35 harm’ principle and if the distributed items meet the affected
million. This includes the costs of key items, such as framing people’s identified needs. Feedback from the community and
materials, plastic sheets, kitchen sets, mosquito nets and the lessons learned from the post-distribution monitoring will
blankets. The bulky items need to be procured outside further inform the cluster interventions and adjustments to
South Sudan, with commodity prices changing constantly the cluster strategy.
in response to the fluctuations in the global supply chain.
RUBKONA COUNTY
An aerial overview of the Bentiu IDP camp, a former PoC site. Photo: UNMISS
60
3.10
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
6.1M 3.1M 737K 1.6M 15%

$114M 67 69
Objectives Response
An estimated 3.1 million people, about 50 per cent of the 6.1 In 2023, the WASH Cluster members will continue to
million people in need, will be targeted with water, sanitation integrate their response with the nutrition partners,
and hygiene (WASH) services in 2023. focusing on Fangak, Canal Pigi, Budi, Aweil North, Leer,
Rubkona, Maiwut, Panyikang, Twic, Kapoeta East, Manyo,
The first sectoral objective of the WASH Cluster is to Malakal, Luapkini Nassir and Renk counties and the Abyei
contribute to reducing malnutrition. The WASH Cluster Administrative Area. In these geographically prioritized
partners will integrate their response with nutrition counties, high WASH vulnerabilities are combined with
partners to reduce the burden of WASH-related diseases high acute malnutrition rates and high WASH-related
as aggravating factors for malnutrition. This will improve GBV. In these strategic priorities, partners will reach their
food intake of malnourished children and contribute to the nutrition counterparts to narrow down their targeting to
sustainability of health and nutrition objectives. the communities with high severe acute malnutrition/
global acute malnutrition prevalence and target them
The second sectoral objective addresses life-saving needs
with sustainable access to safe water. They will also
in disaster contexts to restore immediate access to basic
prioritize their responses in nutrition facilities to provide
WASH services. Response scenarios include factors related
child/caretaker units with severe acute malnutrition with
to climate change, such as floods, drought, water scarcity
household water treatment solutions and hygiene items. Key
and dryness, disease outbreaks (e.g., acute watery diarrhoea,
messages on blocking diarrhoeal diseases at the household
cholera, EVD and Hepatitis E), new displacements and
level will also be prioritized. In these counties, partners will
response to violence. Throughout the response, the WASH
provide nutrition facilities with safe access to water and
Cluster and partners will continue to mainstream protection
adequate sanitation.
and mitigate gender-based violence to ensure that people
who receive WASH services, in particular women, children
and persons with disabilities, can access the facilities safely. In flood-affected locations, the WASH partners will
In some specific contexts, partners will implement conflict continue to construct flood-resilient water and sanitation
sensitivity approaches to ensure that water points are not a infrastructures. Under this objective, priority will be given
trigger for conflict. to quality rather than the quantity of infrastructures.
Rehabilitation of water points will no longer be accepted
The third sectoral objective relates to resilience-building unless they are flood-resilient. Rehabilitation projects will be
in flood-affected locations in the last four years. It aims endorsed by the cluster only when the water points that need
to address the needs of the most vulnerable with durable to be rehabilitated with flood-resilient designs are clearly
solutions and community engagement. The children, women identified with detailed location coordinates and when a
and men targeted through this objective should be reached comprehensive technical assessment is provided.
with sustainable and high-quality standard services with a
disaster risk reduction component. Geographical priorities
for this objective include communities that have been
severely affected by the four consecutive years of flooding,
particularly in Jonglei, Upper Nile and Unity states.
61
In new IDP sites and sudden-onset disaster contexts, WASH In all projects with a duration above three months, safety
solutions must be implemented immediately to reduce audits are compulsory and will support partners to develop
the risk of water-borne outbreak and/or high prevalence of an action plan to mitigate WASH-related GBV. This safety
WASH-related morbidity and mortality. WASH solutions are audit analysis should be conducted together with the
minimal in terms of hardware and should not be delayed GBV AoR. Similarly, disability inclusion is compulsory in
for any other reasons than those that cannot be predicted. all projects other than rapid response. Disability inclusion
This immediate phase should be planned for at least three includes conducting a barrier analysis and an action plan
months. Immediate solutions for sanitation include the to ensure that persons with disability have access to WASH
establishment of mobile sanitation team or controlled services. Safety audits and barrier analysis will be shared
defecation field/trenches if latrines cannot be installed from with the cluster coordination partners.
the beginning. Rapid solutions for water supply include
household water treatment and safe storage, fetching water
Cost of Response
upstream from villages, identifying and using the cleanest
The overall budget request for the WASH Cluster is $120
water source among several possible options if a surface
million. The unit cost is estimated at $39 per person. Key
water treatment system cannot be installed immediately.
WASH supplies represent approximately $9.5 per person,
Immediate solutions for hygiene include distribution of soap
reflecting the challenges to reach remote locations, to
and hygiene messaging, prioritizing handwashing.
move supplies during the rainy season and to maintain
supply hubs in strategic locations. The implementation of
For the IDP sites, the WASH partners should start temporary solutions represents on average $15 to $20 per
implementing an exit strategy with semi-permanent solutions person, whereas the implementation of WASH response
no more than six months after the establishment of the site. in formal IDP camps requires an average cost of $60 per
An exit plan should come to an end no more than two years person. The WASH partners are requested to factor disability
after the IDP site is established, which is when the cluster inclusion and GBV mitigation in their budget, representing
will deprioritize the site. approximately 2 to 4 per cent of the total project cost.
The formal IDP camps in Wau and Bor are considered as

transitioned and are no longer part of the WASH HRP. Bentiu Monitoring
and Juba IDP camps are included in the HRP, and collective The WASH Cluster will continue to monitor the HRP progress
outcomes have been proposed by the cluster to facilitate through the 5W with a monthly dashboard and gap analysis
a smooth exit by the end of 2025 with strong, durable twice a year. In 2023, the WASH Cluster will put in place
infrastructures and integration into broader urban schemes. an Accountability and Quality Assurance module to its
If non-humanitarian funding is not allocated to these monitoring framework to measure the outcomes, outputs
collective outcomes, WASH in the IDP camps will continue and beneficiary satisfaction. The cluster will also increase
to represent a significant burden to the cluster budget. The project-level monitoring to identify non-compliance with
Malakal PoC site continues to be an emergency situation and WASH Cluster Strategic Operational Framework, guidelines
there is no exit plan expected to be developed in 2023. and standards.
62
PART 4: REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN
Part 4:
Refugee Response Plan
PARIANG COUNTY
A medical doctor attends to a child at the pediatric ward in Hakima Yacoub Primary
Healthcare Centre in Ajuong Thok refugee camp. The facility is supported by UNHCR
and a partner to provide services to the refugees and the host community.
Photo: UNHCR/Sarah Jane Velasco
63
Refugee Response Plan
337K 368K 82K 222K 15%

$255M 3 3
Objectives
South Sudan maintains an open-door policy for 337,000 1. Strengthen the protection environment and delivery of
refugees residing in more than 21 separate locations across services to refugees and host communities;
the country. Nearly all refugees and asylum seekers live in 2. Support solutions by building resilience of refugees, host
camps or settlements (98 per cent) in four of the 10 states communities and refugee returnees; and
– 53 per cent in Upper Nile, 38 per cent in Unity, 5 per cent in 3. Enhance partnerships with a focus on building linkages
Central Equatoria and 4 per cent in Western Equatoria. Only 2 with development actors and peacebuilding efforts.
per cent live in urban locations in individual accommodations,
primarily in Juba and Yei. The three strategic objectives are in line with the UNSDCF.
They are further guided by regional, global policies and
Ninety-two per cent of the refugees and asylum seekers objectives and pledges made by the Government of South
are from Sudan, with smaller populations from the Central Sudan at the 2019 Global Refugee Forum; the South Sudan-
African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo Sudan Solutions Initiative to promote solutions for refugees,
(DRC), Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Burundi, with the IDPs, returnees and host community under the auspices of
largest group coming from DRC (19,667 refugees). Refugees the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD); and
and asylum seekers from Sudan originate from Blue Nile the humanitarian imperative to provide protection, life-saving
State (55 per cent) and South Kordofan State (45 per cent). assistance and livelihood opportunities to refugees, asylum
Fifty-two per cent of the refugees are female and 59 per seekers, stateless persons, host communities and other
cent are children under 18 years old. Women and children persons of concern.
represent 80 per cent of the total refugee population. No
significant number of arrivals from Ethiopia has been The Refugee Response Plan for 2023 will be guided by a
reported in South Sudan. An increase in the number of South multi-year strategy and a new results-based framework. The
Sudanese refugees returning from Ethiopia to South Sudan plan incorporates a step-up use of cash, where appropriate.
has been reported due to the ongoing conflict and required
preparedness measures.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) will work with the authorities and partners to
Response facilitate area-based approaches, including Pockets of Hope
The Refugee Response Strategy aims to ensure that the initiatives, which aim to promote the sustainable integration
needs of the refugees and other groups of concerns are met or reintegration of those affected by forced displacement.
through working with the government to create an enabling This approach seeks to identify and encourage a range
protection and solution-oriented environment. The response of stakeholders – the government, development actors,
plan has a three-pronged strategic direction to ensure humanitarian partners, community-based organizations,
protection and a solution-oriented approach: community members, international NGOs, donors or the
64
REFUGEE RESPONSE PLAN
private sector — to work together to address the obstacles community-based support benefiting the host communities
to integration and social cohesion and to enhance protection based on needs. Promotion of social cohesion among
for all. UNHCR and partners will step up their engagement the communities will be integrated into various sectoral
with the World Bank in the operationalization of its interventions.
International Development Association (IDA) 19 window for
refugees and host communities. To drive transformation that will empower communities and
achieve gender equality, the response will build on efforts
UNHCR and partners will play an active role in shifting the made over the years to engage the communities using
current approach to assistance towards a more sustainable community- and rights-based approaches. It will support
one that helps to better fulfil the needs of the affected a robust inter-agency response through evidence-based
groups. The UNHCR Flagship Survey Programme will analysis and prioritization of protection risks and needs to
be launched in 2023, aiming to deliver new evidence on inform effective interventions at the state and national level.
the living conditions of the refugee population and host The response will seek to strengthen the partnership with the
community and cater to the increasingly complex data needs development and humanitarian actors to address the most
identified by UNHCR, the government and its partners for pressing needs, while mobilizing government ownership/
inclusive programming, planning and solutions. leadership and advocate an international response in
line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,
“leave no one behind” and the UNSDCF. The response will
Protect foster economic opportunities and resilience through the
UNHCR and partners will continue to work closely with the provision of skills training aligned with market demands,
South Sudan’s Commission for Refugee Affairs to implement provision of cash/start up kits to enhance job creation
the response plan, including the provision of protection, and entrepreneurship programmes, particularly for women,
multi-sector assistance and basic services with particular youths and persons with disabilities.
attention to persons with specific needs. The Refugee
Response Plan strengthens the government’s capacity
Most refugees in South Sudan have neither the prospect
to protect refugees in line with international standards,
nor the intention to return voluntarily due to the continued
respond to and prevent gender-based violence, protect
instability in their countries of origin. Options for third
refugee children and enhance access to justice. Key areas
country resettlement are extremely limited. In collaboration
of intervention include ensuring access to territory, reception,
with South Sudan and regional governments, development
registration, status determination and documentation. PSEA
partners, private sector, UNMISS and humanitarian agencies,
mechanisms are integrated throughout the programme cycle,
the refugee response will aim to support the establishment
using a survivor-centered approach and emphasizing safety,
of a conducive environment for persons of concern to make
confidentiality, accountability, transparency and accessibility.
informed choices about their lives and future. Refugee
response partners will pursue transitional and durable
Community consultation and participation are at the heart solutions, including local integration for populations of
of the identification, design, implementation and monitoring concern and support peacebuilding initiatives that seek to
of the programmes. By mainstreaming this approach address or prevent the worsening of conditions leading to
across all interventions, including infrastructure, shelter and displacement.
WASH projects, the goal is to create an environment where
protection risks are reduced, and all population groups can
benefit equally from these interventions regardless of their Cost of response
age, gender and profile. Protection monitoring and advocacy The Refugee Response Plan is costed at $255 million.
will continue to promote the civilian and humanitarian
character of asylum, in addition to strengthening the
Monitoring
government’s capacity to ensure safety and security in areas
Refugee response partners will collect and analyse data
hosting refugees.
quarterly against the set indicators for the response plan,
including disaggregated population data and profile, sectoral
Empower data and routine collection of programme indicators to
Community-based support will enhance coping capacities inform multi-sector analysis. Protection monitoring and
in areas of high return and build resilience to promote participatory assessments will inform a robust situation
sustainable solutions to displacement. Response modalities analysis and ensure that the targeted population is consulted
will be a combination of direct service provision, in-kind in programme design and monitoring to inform decisions
support, limited CVA, community-based support and that affect their lives. Refugee response partners will
advocacy interventions. Ensuring peaceful coexistence ensure regular consultations with the affected populations
and host community support activities are an integral part at all stages of the project cycle and regularly solicit their
of the response, including equitable access to available feedback to ensure that the items distributed have been
basic services such as education, water and health and used for the intended purpose. This includes bolstered
65
feedback and complaint desks, hotlines, focus discussion of concern. Protection and assistance will be provided
groups, community-based networks and camp-level in partnership with some 15 national and international
coordination meetings. NGOs, and three strategic national government partners
(such as the Commission for Refugee Affairs, Department
The response plan supports the catalytic role of UNHCR and of Nationality, Passports and Immigration and the RRC),
its key partners in linking the humanitarian interventions with refugees, and host communities. Cooperation with UN
sustainable development and peacebuilding programmes to entities will be reinforced, mainly with WFP, FAO, the United
improve collective outcomes and increase accountability. It Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations
promotes greater collaboration with UN development actors, Development Programme, the World Bank and UNMISS
UNMISS, the private sector and the World Bank. Under the to strengthen the PHD nexus. Close cooperation will be
Refugee Coordination Model, UNHCR will maintain its lead maintained with South Sudan’s Commission for Refugee
role in coordinating and planning the refugee response and Affairs, the government’s counterpart for refugee affairs, as
addressing protection and assistance needs of persons well as with the RRC on matters pertaining to refugee returns.
PARIANG COUNTY
An aid worker verifies and registers a new refugee in Ajuong Thok refugee camp, Pariang County.
Photo: UNHCR/Sarah Jane Velasco
66
PART 5: ABYEI ADMINISTRATIVE AREA RESPONSE PLAN
Part 5:
Abyei Administrative Area Response
Plan
PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED PARTNERS REQUIREMENTS (US$)
Covered by Sudan
212K 148K 9 and South Sudan

HRPs
Context Overview
The Abyei Administrative Area remains a disputed territory More than 120,000 people will be vulnerable because
between Sudan and South Sudan. Despite efforts by the of conflict, loss of livelihood, assets and properties and
international community, the area's political future and final consecutive rounds of displacement. According to the 2023
status remain unresolved. The joint administration envisaged South Sudan HNO, some 188,000 people in the southern
in the 2011 agreement has yet to be established. The parts of the Abyei Administrative Area will likely experience
authorities in Juba and Khartoum have appointed separate severe food insecurity (IPC Phase 4) at the peak of the 2023
administrations to cover the area. The two administrations, lean season from April to July. Equally, nutrition situation
however, are unable to provide basic services to the is projected to remain critical (IPC Phase 4 for acute
communities. malnutrition).
The Abyei Administrative Area faces significant humanitarian The absence of a local economy, access to services and
challenges, including frequent and unpredictable violent livelihoods will deepen poverty in many villages and lead to
outbreaks, armed elements, natural disasters and population increased food insecurity, worsening an already alarming
displacements. The economic difficulties and high inflation humanitarian situation. During the dry season, the massive
rates in Sudan and South Sudan have further exacerbated seasonal movement of the Misseriya herders in search of
the situation. The UN and the international community green pastures in the fertile valleys of the Kiir and Nyamora
remain the main providers of life-saving and basic social rivers will heighten inter-ethnic tensions. Lack of education
services in the area. Physical access and bureaucratic facilities and high dropout rate remain as challenges to
impediments remain as challenges for the delivery of education and child protection. Out-of-school children are
aid assistance. Limited human, technical and financial more likely to be forced into child labour and early marriage,
resources affect the implementation capacity. The provision further exposing them to higher risk of abuse and gender-
of humanitarian assistance between the northern and based violence cases.
southern parts of the Abyei Administrative Area remains
unequal. Vulnerable people, especially those in the northern
Response
part, have not received consistent life-saving assistance.
The main objective of humanitarian programming in the
Recovery support, including mid- and long-term economic
Abyei Administrative Area is to address and alleviate human
opportunities, is also scarce.
suffering and to decrease dependency on humanitarian
assistance among the displaced people, returnees, seasonal
Conflict and climate change affected the lives of people migrants and local communities. A more comprehensive
in the Abyei Administrative Area in 2022. The region humanitarian response includes health, nutrition, WASH,
experienced conflict-related violence, unprecedented floods agriculture and livestock for food security and livelihoods,
and an unidentified cattle disease. protection and education activities.
Summary of needs Floods and drought are the main hazards in the Abyei
In 2023, an estimated 250,000 people will require Administrative Area. Heavy rain and floods affect both the
humanitarian assistance in the Abyei Administrative Area – a humanitarian situation and the ability of the partners to
4 per cent increase from 2022. Humanitarian partners have respond. Floods and drought depend on the fluctuating
identified 140,000 people in need from the host community, rainfall during the rainy season from May to October.
83,000 IDPs and 480 returnees. Establishing an effective flood-related early warning
67
mechanism will mitigate the impact of floods. The response to target the most vulnerable people in need of assistance
plan will consider conflict sensitivity, the effect of natural across all humanitarian sectors.
disasters, drought and flooding and the importance of
livestock for livelihoods. The migrating and sedentary To ensure efficient and timely responses to the people in
livestock population is the communities' main income need across all the Abyei Administrative Area, humanitarian
source. Humanitarian and recovery agencies are working to partners will utilize contingency plans and assessments
reinvigorate economic activities to ramp up local income- and pre-position items and supplies before the rainy season.
generating opportunities to improve livelihoods. The Partners will engage with the local administrative authorities,
response includes providing animal health services, such traditional leaders and local non-state armed actors to
as vaccination and treatment for thousands of livestock, to ensure the safety and security of humanitarian teams in
support local livelihoods. the deep field.
Strategic objectives The response will promote peaceful coexistence between

• Provide timely multi-sectoral life-saving assistance to host communities, displaced people, returnees and refugees.
the crisis-affected and the most vulnerable people. Activities to strengthen peacebuilding skills include peace
• Improve vulnerable communities' access to life- dialogue, on land allocation and tribal conflict, ensuring
sustaining basic services and livelihoods. access to participation in local decision-making processes,
• Strengthen emergency preparedness across all sectors awareness-raising and conflict sensitivity training. Partners
through contingency planning, advocacy for resources, will support initiatives to create conditions conducive to the
access analysis and confronting logistical challenges. (re)integration of the displaced people and the returnees.
• Promote peaceful coexistence, stability and resilience
among communities, while ensuring protection and The response will improve community resilience by providing
gender mainstreaming and environmental sustainability sustainable and market-oriented food security and livelihood
through institutional capacity-building and community opportunities, including capacity-building and technical
empowerment. capacity development of farmers. This includes generating
• Facilitate a seamless humanitarian response covering data and information on rainfall patterns, crops, livestock,
the entire Abyei Administrative Area through sustained fishery, beekeeping and community-based natural resource
engagement with the Governments of Sudan and South management, such as community-led ownership and
Sudan to ease the delivery of humanitarian cargo flights management of multi-purpose solar-powered water facilities.
into the Abyei Administrative Area, while engaging with Partners will provide formal and non-formal education,
the local authorities and actors to improve access and business-oriented training and vocational skill development
ensure safety in hard-to-reach areas. for young adults and persons with specific needs, creating
micro-income generation opportunities and livelihoods by
market needs for sustainable recovery.
Response activities
The humanitarian partners in the Abyei Administrative Area
The partners will contribute to reducing morbidity and
from Sudan and South Sudan will continue to work closely
mortality by providing integrated primary health care and
for peace and resilience for the affected agro-pastoralist,
nutrition services and support and improving quality of
nomadic communities, returnees and displaced people.
care in health facilities. Partners will provide severe acute
Approaches will be tailored to their specific humanitarian
malnutrition/moderate acute malnutrition treatment
needs and vulnerabilities. Assistance originating from
to reduce malnutrition risk in children under age 5 and
South Sudan and Sudan will cover the entire Abyei
PLW. Interventions to prevent malnutrition, including
Administrative Area.
supplementary feeding programmes support as well as
promotion and protection of optimal infant and young child
The response will provide life-saving humanitarian services feeding practices will be provided at the primary health
and increase sustainability by adopting participatory care and community levels. Food distribution programmes
approaches to building community-based conflict will continue. In-kind and cash-based interventions will
management capacities. The response aims to promote be provided to the displaced people and vulnerable host
synergy among peacebuilding, humanitarian assistance communities as part of emergency response.
and development through complementarity among the
humanitarian response, the UN joint programme and
Improved access to safe drinking water, adequate hygiene
UNISFA projects.
and sanitation practices will prevent and mitigate disease
outbreaks. Partners will focus on areas of displacement,
By monitoring population movement, displacement and return, host communities and migration corridors to
returns in line with relevant laws and guidelines, and minimize conflict over shared resources.
identifying people with specific needs, partners will be able
68
PART 5: ABYEI ADMINISTRATIVE AREA RESPONSE PLAN
Partners will continue to provide timely and targeted life- building, improvement of court procedures, revision of
saving S/NFI support to the affected people. Distribution of harmful customs and establishment of local customary
life-saving NFI kits will continue to take place as identified in law courts.
the needs assessments, through in-kind and cash modalities
depending on the functionality of the market at the time
Partners in the Abyei Administrative Area (including
of response.
implementing partners)
• Six UN agency focal points in Abyei town (FAO, IOM,
Protection of women and girls will be addressed by OCHA, UNHCR, WFP and UNMAS) are operating in
establishing SGBV case management services, developing the Abyei Administrative Area, directly implementing
protection referral pathway, increasing SGBV/PSEA key activities or through NGOs and contractors.
messaging to the IDPs and host communities and building • Four international NGOs (GOAL, Samaritan's Purse,
the capacity of local government, community leaders and Save the Children International and Médecins Sans
partners on protection and access to justice. Frontières) in Agok town operate primarily in southern
and central Abyei.
Child Protection will provide services, such as • One international NGO (Concordis International) in Abyei
comprehensive case management, and static and town operates across Abyei.
mobile MHPSS, especially to children with disabilities, • Ten national NGOs (Abyei Community Action for
unaccompanied and separated children, children in detention Development, African Christian Ecumenical Alliance,
and children at risk of trafficking. Awareness-raising and Ayok-Diil Community Association, Abyei Information
social cohesion activities will be provided to prevent and Radio Services, Bishop Gassis Relief and Rescue
respond to the grave violations of children’s rights. Foundation, Community Empowerment Network,
Film Aid South Sudan, Hold the Child, Integrated
Children will be provided access to primary education and Humanitarian Aid and South Sudan Red Cross) in Agok
training through the establishment of learning spaces and are operating in southern and central Abyei.
temporary learning spaces in areas with many displaced • Two national NGOs (Elgoni and Global Aid Hand) in
people, school rehabilitation, teacher training, school Diffra operate in northern Abyei.
meals, adequate WASH services in schools and incentives • The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), UNICEF,
to increase enrolment and retention of girls in school. WHO and UNHCR support the Abyei Administrative Area
Partners will reinforce gender equality and promote peaceful remotely from Sudan and South Sudan.
resolution of conflict through peace club activities in
schools. Livestock and herders will be supported through the
provision and support of veterinary health services delivery,
including massive vaccination, treatment and infrastructures,
while enhancing the capacity of the Community-based
Animal Health Workers network in servicing pastoral
nomadic populations throughout the migratory routes and
sedentary communities.
Supporting access to justice and strong institutions, the

Abyei Administrative Area's rule of law and the traditional
justice systems will be strengthened through tailored legal
training for traditional and court leaders. This includes
streamlining the equal implementation of the customary
law across the Abyei Administrative Area through capacity-
69
Part 6:
Annexes
MALAKAL COUNTY
A nutrition worker measures the mid-upper arm circumference of a displaced child in the
Malakal PoC site. Photo: OCHA/Sarah Waiswa
70
PART 6: ANNEXES
6.1
Participating Organizations*
FULL NAME ACRONYM TYPE FULL NAME ACRONYM TYPE
ACT Alliance / DanChurchAid ACT Alliance/ INGO Catholic Medical Missons Board CMMB INGO
DCA
Catholic Relief Services CRS INGO
ACT Alliance / Finn Church Aid ACT Alliance/ INGO
FCA Centre for Emergency and Development CEDS NNGO
Support
ACT Alliance / Lutheran World Federation ACT Alliance/ INGO
LWF Charity and Empowerment Foundation CEF NNGO
ACT Alliance / Norwegian Church Aid ACT Alliance/ INGO Charity Mission Corps CMC NNGO
NCA
Child Hope Organization CHO NNGO
Action Africa Help International AAHI INGO
Child Relief and Support Fund CRSF NNGO
Action Against Hunger ACF INGO
Children Aid South Sudan CASS NNGO
Active Youth Agency AYA NNGO
Christian Mission Aid CMA INGO
Adventist Development and Relief ADRA INGO
Agency Christian Mission for Development CMD NNGO
Africa Development Aid ADA NNGO Christian Recovery and Development Agency CRADA NNGO
Africa Educational Trust AET INGO Coalition for Humanity South Sudan CHSS NNGO
Africa Stand for Children Development ASCDO NNGO Community Action Organization CAO NNGO
Organization
Community Advocacy and Relief Organization CARO NNGO
African Humanitarian Corps AHC NNGO
Community Aid for Fisheries and Agriculture CAFAD NNGO
Agency for Child Relief Aid ACRA NNGO Development
Agency for Technical Cooperation and ACTED INGO Community Aid for Relief and Development CARD NNGO
Development
Community in Need Aid CINA NNGO
Aid Support Community Organization ASCO NNGO
Community Initiative for Development CIDO NNGO
Alaska Sudan Medical Project AHPSS INGO Organization
Alliance For Action Aid AFAA NNGO Community Resilience and Emergency CRESA NNGO
Support Aid
American Refugee Committee (Alight) ARC INGO
Community Support Initiative CSI NNGO
Amref Health Africa AMREF INGO
Concern Worldwide Concern INGO
Andre Foods South Sudan AFSS NNGO worldwide
Associazione Volontari per il Servizio AVSI INGO Confident Children out of Conflict CCC NNGO
Internazionale
Cordaid International Cordaid INGO
Care for Children and Old Age in South CCOASS NNGO
Sudan Danish Refugee Council DRC INGO
CARE International CARE INGO Deutsche Welthungerhilfe e.V. (German Agro WHH INGO
Action)
Care Plus Foundation CPF NNGO
Dialogue and Research Institute DRI NNGO
Catholic Agency for Overseas CAFOD INGO
Development Education Foundation Organization EFO NNGO
* For more information on the participating organizations, please visit: https://bit.ly/3Vain55
71
Episcopal Development Aid EDA NNGO Impact Health Organization IHO NNGO
FARM STEW South Sudan FS-SS INGO Initiative for Community Prosperity ICP NNGO
Farmer's Life Development Agency FLDA NNGO Institute for Promotion of Civil Society IPCS NNGO
Food & Agriculture Organization of the FAO UN Interchurch Medical Assistance World IMA INGO
United Nations Health
Food Agriculture and Disaster FADM NNGO International Aid Services IAS INGO
Management
International Medical Corps UK IMC INGO
Food for the Hungry International FHI INGO
International Organization for Migration IOM UN
Girl Child Africa Foundation GCAF NNGO
International Rescue Committee IRC INGO
GOAL GOAL INGO
INTERSOS Humanitarian Aid INTERSOS INGO
Grassroot Empowerment and Development GREDO NNGO Organization
Organization
Islamic Relief Worldwide IRW INGO
Grassroots Relief and Development Agency GREDA NNGO
International Rescue Committee IRC INGO
Greater Upper Nile Organization GUNO NNGO
INTERSOS Humanitarian Aid INTERSOS INGO
Green Belt Initiative GBI NNGO Organization
Handicap International - Humanity & HIHI INGO Johanniter International JIA INGO
Inclusion
John Dau Foundation JDF INGO
Health Action Africa (South Sudan) HAA NNGO
Joint Aid Management International JAM INGO
Health Link South Sudan HLSS NNGO
Light for the World Light for the INGO
Healthcare Foundation Organization HFO-SS NNGO World
HealthNet TPO HealthNet INGO LiveWell South Sudan LWSS NNGO

TPO
Lulu Care - South Sudan Lulu Care-SS NNGO
Help - Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe e.V. HELP INGO
Malaria Consortium MC INGO
HelpEducation South Sudan HESS NNGO
Malteser International Order of Malta Malteser INGO
Hold the Child Organisation HCO NNGO World Relief
Hope Restoration South Sudan HRSS NNGO Mary Help Association MHA NNGO
Humane Aid for Community Organization HACO NNGO MEDAIR MEDAIR INGO
Humanitarian Action to Restore and HARECD NNGO Medicair - South Sudan Medicair-SS NNGO
Empower Communities for Development
Medici con l'Africa CUAMM CUAMM INGO
Humanitarian Actors for Grassroot HAGI NNGO
Initiative Médicos del Mundo Spain MdM INGO
Humanitarian Aid for Development HAD NNGO Mercy Corps Mercy Corps INGO
Humanitarian and Development HDC NNGO Mobile Humanitarian Agency MHA NNGO
Consortium
Humanity Empowerment and Leadership HELPO NNGO

Promotion Organization
72
PART 6: ANNEXES
Mobile Theatre Team MTT NNGO Rural Health Services RHS NNGO
Narrative Hub Narrative NNGO Rural Water and Sanitation Support RWSSA NNGO
Hub Agency
National Relief and Development Corps NRDC NNGO Salvation and Light Development Action SLDA NNGO
Nile Hope NH NNGO Samaritan's Purse Samaritan's INGO

Purse
Nile Initiative Development Organization NIDO NNGO
Save a Life International SALI NNGO
Nile Sustainable Development Organization NSDO NNGO
Save the Children SCI INGO
Nonviolent Peaceforce NP INGO
Smile Again Africa Development SAADO NNGO
Norwegian People's Aid NPA INGO Organization
Norwegian Refugee Council NRC INGO Solidarités International SI INGO
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian OCHA UN South Sudan Grassroot Initiative for SSGID NNGO
Affairs Development
ONO Aid ONO Aid INGO South Sudan Health Association SSHA NNGO
Operation Save Innocent Lives - Partners in OSILPRD NNGO South Sudan Humanitarian Aid Services SSHAS NNGO
Relief and Development
Southern Sudan Healthcare Organization SSHO NNGO
Organization for Peace, Relief and OPRD NNGO
Development Stop Poverty Communal Initiative SPCI NNGO
Organization for Peoples' Empowerment OPEN NNGO Sudan Evangelical Mission SEM NNGO
and Needs
Sudan Medical Care SMC NNGO
Oxfam GB OXFAM GB INGO
Support for Peace and Education SPEDP NNGO
Peace Corps Organization PCO NNGO Development Program
Peace Winds Japan PWJ INGO Support the Empowerment of Women and SEWRD NNGO
their Rights for Development
Pilgrims of Hope PoH NNGO
Tearfund TEARFUND INGO
Plan International Plan INGO
The Israel Forum for International IsraAID INGO
Polish Humanitarian Action PAH INGO Humanitarian Aid
Reach Africa Organization RAO NNGO The Mentor Initiative The Mentor INGO
Initiative
REACH Initiative REACH INGO
Initiative The Organisation for Children's Harmony TOCH NNGO
Relief Agency RA NNGO The Rescue Initiative South Sudan TRISS NNGO
Relief Corps Organization RCO NNGO The Rescue Mission TERM INGO
Relief International RI INGO Titi Foundation Titi INGO

Foundation
Rii-Yubu Community Development RCDO NNGO
Organization Touch Africa Development Organization TADO NNGO
Rural Action Against Hunger RAAH NNGO Trust Guarantee Community Development TGCDA NNGO
Aid
Rural Community Action for Peace and RCAPD NNGO
Development United Nations Children's Fund UNICEF UN
73
United Nations Educational, Scientific UNESCO UN War Child Holland WC-H INGO
and Cultural Organization
Water for South Sudan WSS NNGO
United Nations High Commissioner for UNHCR UN
Refugees Windle Trust International Windle Trust INGO
International
United Nations Mine Action Service UNMAS UN
Women Advancement Organization WAO NNGO
United Nations Population Fund UNPFA UN
Women Aid Vision WAV NNGO
United Networks for Health UNH NNGO
World Food Programme WFP UN
Universal Intervention and Development UNIDOR NNGO
Organization World Health Organization WHO UN
Universal Network for Child Defence UNCDR NNGO World Relief WR INGO
Rights
World Vision International WVI INGO
Universal Network for Knowledge and UNKEA NNGO
Empowerment Agency Yo' Care South Sudan YCSS NNGO
Vétérinaires Sans Frontières - Suisse VSF-S INGO Youth Empowerment and Development YEDA NNGO
Aid
Voice of the Peace VP NNGO
Youth Empowerment Foundation YEF NNGO
Volunteer Organization for the OVCI INGO
International Co-operation la Nostra ZOA Dorcas South Sudan Zoadorcas INGO
Famiglia
6.2
Response by Geography
Key figures by geography
PROVINCE PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED IN NEED OPERATIONAL NUMBER OF

TARGETED PARTNERS PROJECTS
Central Equatoria 1.2M 0.6M 78 147
Eastern Equatoria 0.8M 0.4M 53 110
Jonglei 1.6M 1.2M 106 248
Lakes 0.8M 0.6M 41 88
Northern Bahr el Ghazal 0.7M 0.5M 40 89
Unity 0.9M 0.8M 57 138
Upper Nile 1.3M 1.0M 62 140
Warrap 1.0M 0.7M 54 132
Western Bahr el Ghazal 0.5M 0.2M 35 73
Western Equatoria 0.7M 0.4M 45 89
Abyei Administrative Area 0.2M 0.1M 9 17
74
PART 6: ANNEXES
6.3
Towards Integrated, Coherent and Coordinated
Humanitarian and Development Delivery
Years of protracted conflict in South Sudan have exhausted April to July. Efforts to ensure access to quality gender-
people’s coping mechanisms and affected their resilience to based violence case management and mental health and
inter-connected shocks, including sub-national violence, food psychosocial support services are essential. Capacity-
insecurity, climate change-related effects including drought strengthening for service providers must be undertaken to
and flooding, disease outbreaks, among others. achieve this, while investing in capacity-strengthening for
IASC recommended empowerment of women, girls and
The collective outcomes are: 1. By the 2023 lean season persons with disabilities for their enhanced resilience. During
from April to July, there is a 20 per cent reduction in the the development process of the UNSDCF 2023-2025 in
number of people in IPC Phase 4 and no populations in 2022, additional collective outcomes may be added to the
IPC Phase 5; 2. Improved access to a minimum package of UN’s strategic framework and thereafter also incorporated
programme standards for prevention, risk mitigation and into the HRP.
response to GBV rolled out in 80 per cent of the inter-sectoral
priority locations. Focus on the safe and timely access to Advocate the implementation of the peace agreement
quality case management and psychosocial support services A stable and secure environment remains a necessary
and capacity-building to ensure service delivery by 2023; and condition for both peacebuilding, humanitarian and
3. Climate change-related effects including drought and flood development operations. In 2023, all actors will continue
displacement are 30 per cent lower in 2025 than in 2021. to advocate the implementation of the 2018 R-ARCSS and
access to all populations, to ensure that no one is left behind.
The UNCT and HCT will implement key activities as Engagement with the government, Reconstituted Joint
articulated in the 2023-2025 South Sudan UNSDCF and Monitoring and Evaluation Commission (RJMEC), IGAD and
the 2023 HRP respectively. Collaborative efforts by UNMISS on peacebuilding and governance to build synergies
peacebuilding, humanitarian and development actors, will continue. Advocacy efforts will be undertaken to support
working to comparative advantage, are required to the implementation of the R-ARCSS towards a successful
achieve the agreed objectives. An example of this are transition to post-conflict priorities and peacebuilding in
the collaborative efforts in Bentiu, Unity State, where South Sudan.
peacebuilding, humanitarian and development actors
worked with affected communities, private sector actors
(e.g., oil companies operating in areas of concern) and Evaluate progress and achievement of collective outcomes
local authorities to strengthen dykes, repair roads and In 2023, the UNCT and HCT will review progress made
transport assistance. towards the achievement of the three collective outcomes
as part of the goal monitoring against set targets. The
evaluation will help define new priorities and collective
The UNCT’s joint programmes in 2022-2025 enable a 30 per
outcomes for the UNCT and HCT in 2023 and beyond. This
cent reduction in climate change-related effects including
will also resonate with the results set in the Gender Equality
drought and flood displacement. These programmes will
and Inclusion Programming Road Map and the endorsed
focus on states that were most affected by four consecutive
2022 HCT Centrality of Protection Road Map.
years of severe flooding from 2019 to 2022 – including
Unity, Upper Nile, Jonglei, Lakes, Western Bahr el Ghazal,
Western Equatoria and Warrap states. Efforts to address the The United Nations Sustainable Development
drivers of vulnerability are also necessary. In line with the Cooperation Framework
endorsed 2022 HCT Strategy on Returns and Reintegration, In November 2022, the 2023-2025 UNSDCF to move the
when people wish to return, it is important to support the country from humanitarian to development assistance was
government’s efforts to create conditions necessary for signed. The UNSDCF framework comprehensively details
a safe, voluntary and dignified return and reintegration of the United Nations Country Team's collective efforts to
the displaced people. Peacebuilding, humanitarian and contribute to national development priorities in South Sudan
development actors must work together to reduce the and has been developed through a detailed consultation
vulnerability of people experiencing IPC Phase 4 (by 20 per process that includes the government, the private sector, civil
cent) and IPC Phase 5 (zero) by the 2023 lean season from society, academia, research institutions, women, and youth,
75
among others. The Common Country Analysis is informed HNO and the Common Country Analysis, as well as agency-
by the humanitarian situation and analysis, evaluation of the specific tools for their particular needs.
current UNSDCF.
In October 2022, the FSL Cluster deployed a consultant
to South Sudan to assess the extent and the nature of
Peacebuilding-Humanitarian-Development Nexus
collaboration and coordination between actors at local
The nexus approach focuses on strengthening collaboration,
and national levels including tangible efforts in promoting
coherence and complementarity between peacebuilding,
PHD nexus and maximizing the coherence, impact and
humanitarian and development interventions to reduce
sustainability of programmes across the different kinds of
vulnerability of people, build resilience in communities to
assistance; and brought together practitioners and decision-
cope with shocks, strengthen risk management capacities
makers with shared interest of PHD nexus around the table
and address the root causes of conflict. For 2023-2025, the
to learn together and design a road map to support enhanced
UN system and its partners will focus on three priorities in
coordination amongst the PHD nexus in South Sudan.
the development of the PHD nexus: 1. Climate action and
flooding; 2. Food security and agriculture; and 3. Support for
durable solutions to internal displacement. These initiatives The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
focus on area-based programming, involving the local (UNDRR) and its UN partners launched a joint risk
communities in developing and implementing projects to information tool for South Sudan to enhance synergies
achieve tangible and sustainable results for the affected among the various assessment tools, to facilitate
populations in line with their needs. shared analysis and understanding of the peacebuilding,
humanitarian and development environment in South
Sudan. The extension of this model to other actors in
Joint or joined-up risk analysis, with a strong emphasis
this process, including civil society organizations and
on conflict sensitivity, disability inclusive, and gender-
government agencies, is currently under consideration.
sensitive analysis are constituent elements for planning
The ensuing risk model for South Sudan should be flexible
and programming across the peacebuilding, humanitarian
to adequately represent the needs of affected persons in
and development pillars for a shared understanding of risks,
different situations.
needs, vulnerabilities, root causes and structural drivers of
conflict. The cornerstones of the current risk analysis are the
MALAKAL COUNTY
A boy holds his brother in the Malakal PoC site. They were displaced by the conflict in Tonga,
Panyikang County. Photo: OCHA/Iramaku Vundru Wilfred
76
PART 6: ANNEXES
6.4
What if We Fail to Respond?
Camp Coordination and Camp Management Protection

Conflict and climactic shocks have triggered massive, In South Sudan, 6.1 million people need protection. Without
multiple displacements across the country, with many protection services, human rights violations will continue to
people unable to return to their homes for years. Without go unreported, and survivors of human rights violations will
funding, people displaced to five IDP camps, one PoC site not have the support and assistance they need.
and 64 camp-like settings will continue to suffer from poor
Without Housing, Land and Property (HLP) prevention and
living conditions and unmet humanitarian needs. Women,
response services, victims of HLP violations will not have
girls and persons with disabilities are particularly vulnerable
access to humanitarian assistance, protection and justice.
and at risk of sexual violence, both within and outside the
displacement sites. Without Mine Action services, 16 million square meters of
contaminated land and circulation of small arms ammunition
Education will continue to threaten people’s safety. Communities living
in contaminated areas will not be able to use the land freely,
Failure to respond will leave about 866,000 people, 99 per
restricting access to services and the opportunity to create
cent of whom are children, without access to education
livelihoods and increasing protection risks, including gender-
services. Out-of-school children will be less likely to escape
based violence and child recruitment.
the cycle of poverty and will remain vulnerable to abuse,
exploitation and gender-based violence, including child Over 3 million vulnerable girls and boys, including children
marriage and adolescent pregnancy. with disabilities, will be left without child protection services
or possibly lose access to life-saving services.
Food Security and Livelihoods
Failure to provide gender-based violence (GBV) prevention,
Failure to deliver food assistance will worsen an already risk mitigation and response interventions to some 976,000
alarming food security situation, with the total collapse of people, particularly for high-risk vulnerable women and
livelihoods becoming a reality for the affected people. During girls, will result in their exposure to different forms of life-
the 2023 lean season from April to July, an estimated 2.9 threatening GBV issues, including conflict-related sexual
million people or 23 per cent of the population are projected violence. Women and girls may experience severe physical
to be in Emergency (IPC Phase 4), possibly tipping over into injuries, unwanted pregnancy and exposure to HIV or other
Catastrophe (IPC Phase 5). Approximately 43,000 people sexually transmitted infections.
are already projected to be in IPC Phase 5, increasing the
mortality rates that are already high across the country, Shelter and Non-Food Items
particularly among children.
Failure to provide proper shelter assistance will expose
Health the vulnerable men, women, children and persons with
disabilities to extreme weather conditions, limited
Lack of humanitarian funds will leave 3.6 million people, of livelihood options, HLP-related conflict, poor health and
whom 1.6 million are children, without access to essential reduced capacity to cope with and recover from future
life-saving health services. More than 140,000 pregnant shocks. Overcrowding in shelters will allow the spread of
women will not have access to antenatal and postnatal respiratory diseases, increasing the under-five and the elderly
care. Over 800,000 women of reproductive age will not have mortality rate.
access to sexual and reproductive health services. More
than 2 million displaced people will not have access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
health services. The surveillance system will be unable to
Lack of WASH services will have severe impacts on women,
detect, investigate and respond to disease outbreaks timely,
children and persons with disabilities. Without access to
resulting in high morbidity and mortality from common
clean water and hygiene, children will be more susceptible to
diseases such as malaria, diarrhoea and measles.
infectious diseases and malnutrition. People in IDP sites will
Nutrition suffer from disease outbreaks, loss of dignity and increased
risk of gender-based violence.
Malnutrition is one of the top causes of child mortality with
long-term negative impact. Without funding, an estimated 1.4
million acutely malnourished children will suffer and possibly
die from lack of proper nutrition care and treatment.
77
6.5
Monitoring Framework
To access the inter-sectoral monitoring framework by cluster, please visit: bit.ly/3HLdZqb
6.6
How to Contribute
Contribute to the Humanitarian Response Plan Find out more about the South Sudan Humanitarian Fund by
visiting the website:
To see the country’s humanitarian needs overview, www.unocha.org/south-sudan/about-ss-hf
humanitarian response plan and monitoring reports, and
donate directly to organizations participating to the plan, For information on how to make a contribution, please
please visit: contact: ochasshf@un.org
www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/south-sudan
Contribute through the Central Emergency Response Fund
CERF provides rapid initial funding for life-saving actions at

the onset of emergencies and for poorly funded, essential
humanitarian operations in protracted crises. The OCHA-
managed CERF receives contributions from various
donors – mainly governments, but also private companies,
foundations, charities and individuals – which are combined
into a single fund. This is used for crises anywhere in the
world. Find out more about the CERF and how to donate by
visiting the CERF website:
www.unocha.org/cerf/our-donors/how-donate
Contribute through South Sudan Humanitarian Fund

The South Sudan Humanitarian Fund (SSHF) is a country-
based pooled fund. The SSHF is a multi-donor humanitarian
financing instrument established by the Emergency
Relief Coordinator (ERC) and managed by OCHA at the
country level under the leadership of the Humanitarian
Coordinator (HC). Donor contributions to each CBPF are
un-earmarked and allocated by the HC through an in-country
consultative process.
78
PART 6: ANNEXES
6.7
Acronyms
AAP Accountability to Affected Populations ICCG Inter-Cluster Coordination Group

ACF Action Contre La Faim IDA International Development Association
ACTED Agency for Technical Cooperation and IDP Internally Displaced Person
Development
IDSR Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response
ADA Africa Development Aid
IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on Development
AoR Area of Responsibility
IMC International Medical Corps
AWG Access Working Group
IMWG Information Management Working Group
CCCM Camp Coordination and Camp Management
INGO International Non-Governmental Organization
CCS Coordination and Common Services
IOM International Organization for Migration
CERF Central Emergency Response Fund
IPC Integrated Food Security Phase Classification
CFM Complaint and Feedback Mechanism
IRC International Rescue Committee
COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019
IRNA Initial Rapid Needs Assessment
CPIMS+ Child Protection Information
IRRM Integrated Rapid and Response Mission
Management System
ISNA Inter-Sector Needs Assessment
CTS Common Transport Service
JBVMM Joint Border Verification and
CVA Cash and Voucher Assistance
Monitoring Mechanism
CWG Cash Working Group
JMMI Joint Market Monitoring Initiative
DHIS2 District Health Information System-2
MCDA Military Civil Defence Assets
DRC Danish Refugee Council
MHPSS Mental Health and Psychosocial Support
DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo
MoGEI Ministry of General Education and Instruction
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction
NAWG Needs Analysis Working Group
DSRSG Deputy Special Representative of the
NFI Non-Food Item
Secretary-General
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
DTM Displacement Tracking Matrix
NNGO National Non-Governmental Organization
EiE Education in Emergencies
NRC Norwegian Refugee Council
EORE Explosive Ordnance Risk Education
OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of
EVD Ebola Virus Disease
Humanitarian Affairs
EWARS Early Warning Alert System
PHD Peacebuilding, Humanitarian
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization and Development
FSL Food Security and Livelihoods PiN People in Need
FSNMS Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring PLW Pregnant and Lactating Women
System
PoC Protection of Civilians
FSNMS+ HNOi Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring
PSEA Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
System Plus Humanitarian Needs
Overview inputs R-ARCSS Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of
the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan
GBV Gender-Based Violence
RC Resident Coordinator
HC Humanitarian Coordinator
RJMEC Reconstituted Joint Monitoring and
HCT Humanitarian Country Team
Evaluation Commission
HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and
RR Refugee Response
Acquired Immune Deficiency
RRC Relief and Rehabilitation Commission
HLP Housing, Land and Property
RRM Rapid Response Mechanisms
HNO Humanitarian Needs Overview
SEA Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
HRP Humanitarian Response Plan
SGBV Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee
79
SMART Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of UNMISS United Nations Mission in South Sudan
Relief and Transitions
UNSDCF United Nations Sustainable Development
S/NFI Shelter and Non-Food Items Cooperation Framework
SWAT Surface Water Treatment WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
UN United Nations WFP World Food Programme
UNCT United Nations Country Team WHO World Health Organization
UNDRR United Nations Office for Disaster WVI World Vision International
Risk Reduction
5W Who does What, Where, When and for Whom
UNDSS United Nations Department for
Safety and Security
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund
UNHAS United Nations Humanitarian Air Service
UNHCR United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
UNISFA United Nations Interim Security
Force for Abyei
UNMAS United Nations Mine Action Service
6.8
End Notes
1 NRC, The world’s ten most neglected crises are all in Africa, 9 Community-based Complaint Mechanism locations: Aweil, Bentiu,
available at https://www.nrc.no/news/2022/june/the-worlds-ten- Bor, Jamjang, Juba, Kuajok, Maban, Malakal, Mingkaman, Pibor,
most-neglected-crises-are-all-in-africa/ Rumbek, Torit, Yambio, Yei and Wau.
2 UNHCR, South Sudan: Africa’s largest displacement crisis, 10 United Nations staff and related personnel include United
available at https://www.unhcr.ca/news/south-sudan-africas- Nations staff members, consultants, individual consultants/
largest-displacement-crisis/ contractors, interns, national officers, United Nations volunteers,
experts on mission and contingent members.
3 Global IPC. South Sudan: IPC Acute Food Insecurity &
Malnutrition Snapshot. Acute Food Insecurity: October 2022 11 2022 ISNA Household Survey
– July 2023; Acute Malnutrition July 2022 – June 2023. 03
12 Qualitative component of the 2022 ISNA conducted in the
November 2022 available at https://bit.ly/3in58jz
following counties: Juba, Yambio, Wau, Rubkona, Leer, Mayendit,
4 Germanwatch, Global Climate Risk Index 2021, available at Akobo and Malakal.
https://www.germanwatch.org/en/19777
13 2021 FSNMS+ HNOi Survey
5 Humanitarian Outcomes Aid Worker Security Database, available
14 2022 ISNA Household Survey
at https://aidworkersecurity.org/incidents
15 Qualitative component of the 2022 ISNA conducted in the
6 Global IPC. South Sudan: IPC Acute Food Insecurity &
following counties: Juba, Yambio, Wau, Rubkona, Leer, Mayendit,
Malnutrition Snapshot. Acute Food Insecurity: October 2022
Akobo and Malakal.
– July 2023; Acute Malnutrition July 2022 – June 2023. 03
November 2022, available at https://bit.ly/3in58jz 16 South Sudan Cash Working Group, CVA Dashboard, June 2022,
available at https://bit.ly/3Hp5UHp
7 South Sudan: Acute Malnutrition Situation July - October 2022
and Projections for November 2022 - February 2023 and March - 17 IASC Cash Coordination Model March 2022, available at https://
June 2023 available at https://bit.ly/3iDYAgL interagencystandingcommittee.org/inter-agency-standing-
committee/iasc-cash-coordination-model
8 During the early phase of the planning period, the ICCG explored
the possibility of shifting from project- to activity-based costing. 18 IOM DTM Mobility Tracking Round 12, July 2022
After consultations, the HCT decided that it was prudent to wait
19 Humanitarianresponse.info, available at https://bit.ly/3FKqkrV
for the outcome of a number of ongoing reviews to identify the
most appropriate costing methodology for the HRP.
80
HUMANITARIAN
RESPONSE PLAN
SOUTH SUDAN ISSUED DECEMBER 2022

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RESPONSE PLAN ISSUED DECEMBER 2022

This document is consolidated by OCHA on behalf of the Humanitarian

Humanitarian Response aims to be the

Humanitarian Action supports decision-

The Financial Tracking Service (FTS) is the

10 Part 1: Strategic Response Priorities

23 Part 2: Response Monitoring

32 Part 3: Cluster/Sector Objectives and Response

63 Part 4: Refugee Response Plan

Despite this bleak picture, when I hear people’s stories of

Response by Strategic Objective

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE PEOPLE TARGETED

Vulnerable people who experience multi-sectoral severity levels of 4 and 5 have

Responding organizations by state in 2023

HRP Key Figures

TOTAL POPULATION TOTAL PEOPLE IN NEED TOTAL PEOPLE TARGETED

BY POPULATION GROUPS FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS

PiN Targeted $650M

2.5M 2.0M 0.7M

1.7M 1.5M 2.5M

PiN Target PiN Target

2016 6.1M 5.1M 1.3B 1.2B 92%

2017 7.5M 5.8M 1.6B 1.2B 71%

2018 7.0M 6.0M 1.7B 1.2B 70%

2019 7.1M 5.7M 1.5B 1.1B 76%

2020 7.5M 5.6M 1.9B 1.2B 65%

2021 8.3M 6.6M 1.7B 1.2B 73%

2022 8.9M 6.4M 1.7B 1.1B 67%

2023 9.4M 6.4M 1.7B - -

NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN NEED VS TARGETED FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS (US$)

People in need targeted Funded

SECTOR PEOPLE PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE % TARGET FINANCIAL

Education 3.6M 0.9M 0.3M 37% $54M

Food Security and Livelihoods 8.3M 6.0M 4.0M 66% $650M

Health 5.5M 3.6M 1.1M 32% $129M

Nutrition 2.0M 1.6M 1.2M 81% $230M

Protection 5.6M 2.9M 0.6M 21% $104M

Shelter and Non-Food Items 2.4M 1.5M 0.9M 59% $35M

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 6.1M 3.1M 0.6M 21% $114M

Crisis Context and Impact

According to the 2023 South Sudan Humanitarian Needs

Sub-national conflict and intercommunal violence continue to

Priority 3 Priority 6 Priority 9 Malakal

SUDAN Fashoda Maban

Lainya Torit Budi

Integrated Rapid Response Missions (IRRM), Rapid

Strategic Objective 1 Strategic Objective 2

6.2M 50% 54% 15% 4.4M 51% 54% 15%

Strategic Objective 3 Drivers of needs

Insecurity, sub-national Economic crisis, rise in Climate change,

3.4M 50% 54% 15%

Weak legal framework on Housing,

Physical and mental well-being

The AWG will strengthen its capacity to collect and analyse

Humanitarian response will continue to face major

Humanitarian coordination architecture by location

National Coordination OCHA Field Presence/Sub-Office Access Working Group

Inter-Cluster Coordination Group PSEA Task Force