Handout in The Teacher and the School Curriculum (PROFED109)

Group No. (1,2,3,4)

HANDOUT OF TEAM NO. (3)

BLOOM’S TAXONOMY

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

 REMEMBERING-KNOWLEDGE

1. What is classical conditioning, and how does it involve the

association between stimuli and responses?

ANSWER: Classical conditioning is a learning process where

automatic reactions are linked to a stimulus, creating
involuntary responses.

2. What do you remember about the learning theories and

philosophies of Plato, Descartes, and Kant?

ANSWER: I learned that in Plato’s theory, it is more on the

knowledge gained from the senses of reasoning, while in
Descartes, it from the sensory of experiences and lastly from
Kant’s theory it is more on the realm experiences.

3. How would you define gestalt?

ANSWER: Gestalt means pattern or configuration in German

that refers to people's tendency to organize sensory information
into patterns or relationships.

4. What are the key principles of Applied Behavior Analysis?

ANSWER: The key principles of Applied Behavior Analysis

include:
- Clear specification of behavior
- Careful measurement
- Antecedent and consequence analysis
- Interventions based on behavioral principles

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 1

Handout in The Teacher and the School Curriculum (PROFED109)
Group No. (1,2,3,4)
MODULE OVERVIEW

5. What do you call the process that is built on the foundation that
learning is the result of associations forming between stimuli
and responses? It is also known as the process of trial and
error.

ANSWER: Connectionism

 UNDERSTANDING-COMPREHENSIONLEARNING OBJECTIVE

1. How does observational learning contribute to the acquisition of

new skills or behaviors?

ANSWER: Through observing others, we learn not only how to

perform a behavior but also what will happen to us in specific
situations if we perform it.

2. How behavioral analysis through ABAB method helps the

student?

ANSWER: It helps them focused resulting i more instructional

time.

3. How does observational learning contribute to the acquisition of

new skills or behaviors?

ANSWER: Through observing others, we learn not only how to

perform a behavior but also what will happen to us in specific
situations if we perform it.

4. Summarize Ivan Pavlov's contribution to psychology through

classical conditioning.

ANSWER: Ivan Pavlov's contribution involves proposing the

association between stimuli and responses, establishing
classical conditioning in psychology.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 2

Handout in The Teacher and the School Curriculum (PROFED109)
Group No. (1,2,3,4)

LEARNING CONTENTS

LEARNING CONTENTS (title of the subsection)

5. How would you compare the characteristics of Convergers and

Accommodators as described by Kolb in relation to their
preferred learning styles?

ANSWER: According to Kolb, convergers learn best by working

with practical applications, emphasizing the ‘doing’ aspect of
concrete experience and active experimentation. On the other
hand, Accommodators prefer learning through teamwork and
task completion, showcasing a preference for interpersonal
engagement and application of learned concepts in a
collaborative setting. These distinctions highlight the diverse
ways individuals internalize information and engage with the
experiential learning process.

 APPLYING-APPLICATION

1. How would you demonstrate the stimulus and response that

Dewey talks about when it comes to consciousness?

ANSWER: For example, according to Dewey when a baby who

sees a candle burning, reaches out to grasp it, and experiences
burned fingers. From a stimulus–response perspective, the
sight of the candle is a stimulus and reaching is a response;
getting burned (pain) is a stimulus for the response of
withdrawing the hand.

2. How Would you explain gestalt theory?

ANSWER: It is an early cognitive view that challenged many

assumptions of behaviorism. Although Gestalt Theory no longer
is viable, it offers important principles that are found in current

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 3

Handout in The Teacher and the School Curriculum (PROFED109)
Group No. (1,2,3,4)
conceptions of perception and learning.

REFERENCES

3. How could a teacher use positive practice in the classroom

after a student makes an academic error?

ANSWER: A teacher could use positive practice after a student

makes an academic error by having them practice the correct
response. The same principle can be applied when students
break classroom rules. Instead of being punished, the student
might be required to practice the correct alternative action; for
example, entering the room and immediately putting backpacks
in assigned places.

4. Apply the concept of contiguity to a real-world scenario to

illustrate its influence on association.

ANSWER: When driving, the need to stop or continue is always

accompanied by the feeling that a traffic signal is about to
change (stimulus). As time passes, there is a substantial
correlation between seeing the signal and taking action, so
drivers respond to traffic signals instantly and without much
thought.

5. How does the students misbehave?

ANSWER: The students misbehave because they perceive that

the rewards for misbehavior outweigh the rewards for good
behavior.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 4

Handout in The Teacher and the School Curriculum (PROFED109)
Group No. (1,2,3,4)

 ANALYZING-ANALYSIS

1. What is the analysis of the four stages of the learning cycle in

ELT and their significance in the learning process?

ANSWER: The four stages of the learning cycle in ELT are

concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract
conceptualization, and active experimentation. These stages
are significant in the learning process as they provide a
comprehensive framework for learning through direct
experiences, reflection, and application. Concrete experience
allows learners to actively engage in activities, reflective
observation promotes critical thinking and self- awareness,
abstract conceptualization deepens understanding and
knowledge integration, and active experimentation tests and
refines learning. These stages work together to enhance
learning by combining practical experience, reflection, and
application.

2. How would you explain the functions of theory?

ANSWER: The functions of theory are to provide frameworks

for understanding, explaining, and predicting phenomena within
a particular field. It helps organize knowledge, guide research,
and offer a basis for practical applications by offering a
systematic way to analyze and interpret information.

3. How would you explain gestalt theory?

ANSWER: It is an early cognitive view that challenged many

assumptions of behaviorism. Although Gestalt Theory no longer
is viable, it offers important principles that are found in current
conceptions of perception and learning.
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 5
Handout in The Teacher and the School Curriculum (PROFED109)
Group No. (1,2,3,4)

4. How students’ misbehavior maintained in class?

ANSWER: It is maintained by some reinforcer.

5. Compare and contrast classical conditioning and operant

conditioning.

ANSWER: Classical conditioning focuses on involuntary

responses, while operant conditioning, by B. F. Skinner,
emphasizes intentional actions on the environment.

 EVALUATING-EVALUATION

1. Determine the value and importance of connectionism in

learning process of a person.

ANSWER: Connectionism, in the context of learning,

emphasizes the significance of neural connections and
networks in cognitive processes. It's vital in understanding how
individuals learn, as it mirrors the brain's functioning, where
learning occurs through interconnected nodes. Connectionist
models aid in explaining complex learning phenomena and
provide insights into memory, language acquisition, and
problem-solving. The value lies in its ability to simulate human
cognition and offer frameworks to enhance educational
strategies by recognizing the role of interconnected information
processing in learning.

2. Determine the value of learning?

ANSWER: Learning holds intrinsic and extrinsic value. Intrinsic

value lies in personal growth, intellectual development, and a deeper
understanding of the world. Extrinsic value includes enhanced
career opportunities, problem-solving skills, and the ability to adapt

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 6

Handout in The Teacher and the School Curriculum (PROFED109)
Group No. (1,2,3,4)
to new challenges.

3. What information would you use to prioritize factors ensuring a

balanced integration of educational technologies and face-to-
face interactions in enhancing experiential learning?

ANSWER: To prioritize factors ensuring a balanced integration

of educational technologies and face-to-face interactions in
enhancing experiential learning, the information I’ll be using is
the learning cycle in Experiential Learning Theory.
Understanding the stages of the learning cycle (concrete
experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization,
active experimentation) can guide the selection and integration
of educational technologies and face-to-face interactions.
Furthermore, each stage may require different tools and
methods to effectively support learners’ experiences and
reflections.

OTHER ANSWER: To prioritize factors ensuring a balanced

integration of educational technologies and face-to-face
interactions in enhancing experiential learning, the information
I’ll be using is the learning cycle in Experiential Learning
Theory. Understanding the stages of the learning cycle
(concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract
conceptualization, active experimentation) can guide the
selection and integration of educational technologies and face-
to-face interactions. Furthermore, each stage may require
different tools and methods to effectively support learners’
experiences and reflections.

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the

collaborative learning approach in fostering teamwork and
communication skills?

ANSWER:

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 7

Handout in The Teacher and the School Curriculum (PROFED109)
Group No. (1,2,3,4)

 ADVANTAGE:

- Enhanced teamwork: Collaborative learning

encourages students to work together towards a
common goal. This promotes teamwork and helps
students develop skills such as cooperation,
coordination, and conflict resolution.
- Improved communication skills: Collaborative learning
requires active participation and interaction among
students. This helps them develop effective
communication skills, including listening, expressing
ideas, and providing constructive feedback.
- Diverse perspectives: Collaborative learning brings
together students with different backgrounds,
experiences, and perspectives.

 DISADVANTAGES:

- Unequal participation: In collaborative learning, some

students may dominate discussions while others may
be less engaged.
- Conflict and disagreement: Collaborative learning can
sometimes lead to conflicts and disagreements among
students.
- Time management: Collaborative learning often
requires more time for planning, coordination, and
group discussions.

5. Determine the value of gestalt theorists?

ANSWER: Gestalt theorists stressed the role of organization in

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 8
Handout in The Teacher and the School Curriculum (PROFED109)
Group No. (1,2,3,4)
perception and learning. Verbal learning researchers used
serial learning, free recall, and paired-associate tasks. Several
important findings were obtained from verbal learning research.
The Gestalt view stressed the role of understanding-
comprehending the meaning of some event.

 CREATING-SYNTHESIS

1. How do the cognitive and social learning theories complement

each other in understanding how individuals acquire knowledge
and skills?

ANSWER: Cognitive and social learning theories offer distinct

perspectives on how individuals acquire knowledge and skills.
Cognitive learning focuses on mental processes like attention,
perception, memory, and problem-solving, while social learning
emphasizes observing and imitating others' behaviors, social
interactions, and environmental factors. Together, they provide
a comprehensive understanding of how individuals process and
interpret information, learning from others, and the role of
reinforcement and punishment.

2. Create a diagram illustrating the relationship between stimuli,

responses, and associations in classical conditioning.

ANSWER: Yung diagram na nasa SG.

3. What changes would you make to revise instructional strategies

and activities based on Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) to
better accommodate diverse learning styles and enhance the
overall effectiveness of experiential learning in an educational
setting?

ANSWER: To better accommodate diverse learning styles and

enhance the overall effectiveness of experiential learning in an
educational setting, I suggest to incorporate a variety of
instructional strategies and activities by providing opportunities
PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 9
Handout in The Teacher and the School Curriculum (PROFED109)
Group No. (1,2,3,4)
for hands-on experiences, group discussions, visual aids, and
written reflections to cater to different learning styles. This
ensures that learners with different preferences can engage
with the material in ways that are most effective for them.

OTHER ANSWER: It will be better if the learning experience is

personalized. By tailoring activities and assignments that align
with learners’ preferred learning styles. For example, divergers
may benefit from observation and brainstorming activities, while
convergers may thrive when working with practical applications.
By considering individual preferences, learners can be more
engaged and motivated to learn.

4. What facts can you gather in the relation of learning and

instruction based on historical perspectives?

ANSWER: Building on cognitive theories, constructivism

became prominent, highlighting the importance of learners’
active participation in constructing their understanding of the
world. Understanding these historical perspectives helps inform
modern instructional approaches, acknowledging the diverse
ways individuals learn and adapting teaching methods
accordingly.

5. How would you improve the process of trial and error in order to
enhance learning and problem-solving outcomes, considering
the principles outlined by Thorndike?

ANSWER: To improve the process of trial and error for

enhanced learning and problem-solving outcomes, we should
try to stimulate learners by rewarding successful practices,
establish stimulus-reward connections within the same action,
and recognize that intelligence grows with the number of
connections learned.

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY 10