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Retainingwall Wiki 03

Diaphragm walls are a type of retaining wall that is stiff, watertight, and expensive but saves time and space, making them useful for urban construction projects. Sheet pile walls are made of materials like steel, vinyl, aluminum or wood that are driven into the ground, with one third above ground and two thirds below usually, though this can vary by environment. Taller sheet pile walls may require tie-back anchors placed behind the wall. Bored pile walls are constructed by assembling bored piles and then excavating away excess soil, and may include anchors, beams, soil improvement, or shotcrete reinforcement.

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9 views1 page

Retainingwall Wiki 03

Diaphragm walls are a type of retaining wall that is stiff, watertight, and expensive but saves time and space, making them useful for urban construction projects. Sheet pile walls are made of materials like steel, vinyl, aluminum or wood that are driven into the ground, with one third above ground and two thirds below usually, though this can vary by environment. Taller sheet pile walls may require tie-back anchors placed behind the wall. Bored pile walls are constructed by assembling bored piles and then excavating away excess soil, and may include anchors, beams, soil improvement, or shotcrete reinforcement.

Uploaded by

95abarca
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Diaphragm walls are a type of retaining walls that are very stiff and generally watertight.

Diaphragm walls are


expensive walls, but they save time and space, and hence are used in urban constructions.[10]

Sheet piling

Sheet pile retaining walls are usually used in soft soil and tight spaces. Sheet pile
walls are driven into the ground and are composed of a variety of material
including steel, vinyl, aluminum, fiberglass or wood planks. For a quick estimate
the material is usually driven 1/3 above ground, 2/3 below ground, but this may be
altered depending on the environment. Taller sheet pile walls will need a tie-back
anchor, or "dead-man" placed in the soil a distance behind the face of the wall, that
is tied to the wall, usually by a cable or a rod. Anchors are then placed behind the
potential failure plane in the soil.
Sheet pile wall

Bored pile

Bored pile retaining walls are built by assembling a sequence of bored piles,
followed by excavating away the excess soil. Depending on the project, the bored
pile retaining wall may include a series of earth anchors, reinforcing beams, soil
improvement operations and shotcrete reinforcement layer. This construction
technique tends to be employed in scenarios where sheet piling is a valid
construction solution, but where the vibration or noise levels generated by a pile
driver are not acceptable.

Anchored Bored pile retaining wall in Lisbon,


Portugal
An anchored retaining wall can be constructed in any of the aforementioned styles
but also includes additional strength using cables or other stays anchored in the
rock or soil behind it. Usually driven into the material with boring, anchors are
then expanded at the end of the cable, either by mechanical means or often by
injecting pressurized concrete, which expands to form a bulb in the soil.
Technically complex, this method is very useful where high loads are expected, or
where the wall itself has to be slender and would otherwise be too weak.

Alternative retaining techniques


Anchored wall in the mountainous
Soil nailing region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil

Soil nailing is a technique in which soil slopes, excavations or retaining walls are
reinforced by the insertion of relatively slender elements – normally steel reinforcing bars. The bars are usually
installed into a pre-drilled hole and then grouted into place or drilled and grouted simultaneously. They are usually
installed untensioned at a slight downward inclination. A rigid or flexible facing (often sprayed concrete) or isolated
soil nail heads may be used at the surface.

Soil-strengthened

A number of systems exist that do not consist of just the wall, but reduce the earth pressure acting directly on the wall.
These are usually used in combination with one of the other wall types, though some may only use it as facing, i.e., for
visual purposes.

Gabion meshes

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