MAPEH 8 REVIEWER

MUSIC
Music of East Asia - Music of China
Traditional music was tarced back 7,000-8,000 years based on a bone flute made in the Neolithic Age. 
It is also considered as the oldest forms of music in the world.

The traditional Chinese musical instruments can be divided into four categories: stringed, percussion,
plucked, and wind.

1. Horse-headed Fiddle - is a bowed stringed-instrument that is famous for its unique carved horse
head. It produces a sound that is similar to a horse neighing which can be described as
expansive and unrestrained. it can also produce the sound of a gentle breeze in the grassland.

2. Pipa - is a four-stringed flute with 30 frets. It is known for its pear-shaped body. It is also a well-
known Chinese musical instrument that originated in the Qin Dynasty. this instrument has a
dynamic range and outstanding expressive power. The Pipa has been named after the loquat
fruit.

3. Erhu - also known as the Huqin, is a musical instrument from the western region and it was
made during the Tang dynasty. Erhu also plays an important role in the famous Beijing Opera.
4. Sheng - is a Chinese mouth organ and is one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments. It
resembles a set of panpipes with 12 to 36 bamboo pipes. It can also sound several notes
simultaneously.

5. Zheng - is an extended trapezoid with 16 to 25 strings stretched over the movable bridges. it is
one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments.

6. Yunluo - it is a set of ten small tuned gongs arranged in a wooden frame. Each gong has its own
thickness that can produce a different pitch from the other gongs. Yunluo means “cloud gongs”.

7. Bulang-go - is a pellet drum used to accompany folk songs and ceremonies. It is also considered
as a toy for children.

Ling Lun is a well-known scholar during the reign of Yellow Emperor. He was tasked to create an
instrument that will imitate the call of the fenghuang - a Chinese Phoenix. The considered
legendary founder of music in ancient China
Fenghuang - is an immortal bird that brings good omen to the reign of an emperor.

Bamboo pipe - the first musical instrument in China, used to signal peace and harmony
throughout the kingdom.

Instrumental Music - The traditional Chinese instrumental music is either played solo or in small
ensembles. It was used to tell stories or legends that focused on bringing peace and harmony for
a person or for others. Pentatonic scale was usually used in traditional Chinese instrumental
music.

High Mountains and Flowing Water - is one of the best-known instrumental pieces from ancient
Chinese music. This piece narrates the legendary friendship between guqin master Yu Boya and
Zhong Ziqi.

Chinese folk songs - are widespread and well-known for it have been spread orally by people in
each region. They have simple structures and are melodic instead of harmonic.

The Book of Songs - A compilation of poems that have combined Chinese poetry with music

Mo Li Hua - is a Chinese folk song created during the Qing dynasty. This folk song is famous not
only in China but also around the world. Mo Li Hua depicts the act of giving a flower or plucking
a flower.

ARTS
ARTS OF EAST ASIA The Arts of China

China - is one of the oldest civilizations in the world dating back 5000 years ago. It developed
such a rich culture that it influenced its neighboring countries

Attire:
➢Men and women of ancient China wore tunics.
➢Women wore long tunics and pants while men wore shorter tunics over their pants. In colder
weather, they wear thick, warm jackets.
➢The rich wore soft, smooth, a richly colored silk, and a silk embroided shoes with leather soles.
➢While the poor wore clothing produced out of plant fibers called hemp and a wooden shoes.
Tang Zhuang - is a Chinese suit that is a combination of Manchu jacket and Western style suit.

FABRICS and TAPESTRIES Silk

➢ Is a luxury fabric that originated in China during the Neolithic period (4000 B.C.) It is a symbol
of Chinese culture.
➢ Only royal family and nobility can wear silk but later worn by peasants too.
➢ Is also a prized possession that it was used as money during the early dynasties.
➢ Kesi is a Chinese pictorial tapestry made entirely of silk with cut designs

ARTS AND CRAFTS

1. BRONZE VESSELS - invented 5000 years ago, these vessels are intricately decorated with
diverse motifs and designs. These are used for several purposes such as for cooking, storing
meat, and as a ritual and sacrificial vessel.
2. EMBROIDERY - Chinese embroidery has a long history beginning from the Neolithic Age. It is
usually done in silk with various intricate stitches.
3. CALLIGRAPHY - this style of writing is widely practiced in China. It is considered as an art
form.
4. JADE - is a gemstone highly prized by the Chinese and is considered a lucky charm
5. SEALS - are made of metal, jade, animal tooth or horn and are carved with characters. Many
people in China possess a personal name seals.
6. PAPER CUTOUTS - patterns are cut vividly and perfectly on red paper. This craft is done by
female artisans. The images are mostly animals and flower figures. Paper cutouts are used as
decorations and lucky charms.
7. LACQUERWARE - this is an art form that developed in China in 4500 B.C. Lacquer is a hard
and shiny finish applied to materials such as wood and bamboo.
8. CLOISONNE - is the technique of creating designs on metalwork objects using colored-glass
paste or inlays of cut gemstones, glass, and other materials.
9. POTTERY AND CERAMIC - objects such as jars, bowls, and vases are made of clay and
hardened by heat in a kin. China pottery was developed during the Neolithic Period. Earthen
and porcelain are two kinds of ceramic.
 10. LANTERN - are a well-known symbol of China towns around the world. They are red, oval
shaped, and are made of bamboo, rattan or steel wire frame; the shade is made of paper or
silk.
11. KITE - at first, was used as an emergency warning device. Later, it became a form of
entertainment.
12. SHADOW PUPPETS - it has been a widespread folk art in the country, originated in China
2000 years ago.
13. UMBRELLA - first umbrellas started in China, and were made of paper or silk with bamboo
frames or mulberry bark. They were painted with various designs
14. Folk Toys - are a traditional folk art. They are used not only as simple objects but also as
festival decorations.

ACCESSORIES and BODY ORNAMENTS

Jewelry - was an important part of fashion in ancient China. It was worn by both men and women to
show nobility and wealth.

Jin – worn by MEN

Mao – stiff hats

Guan - for formal headdress

Popular materials for jewelry were jade, bronze, and gold.

SCULPTURE:

➢ The life-sized Terracota Army for the tomb of the first emperor, Qin Shi Huang, is a good example of
ancient Chinese sculpture.

➢ Small figgures in pottery or wood were placed in tombs for many centuries.

➢ Large religious sculptures are mostly images from Buddhism.

➢ Relief decoration of all sorts of onjects were also done in metalwork and jade.

ARCHITECTURE

➢ Ancient Chinese architecture has contributed to the architectural system of the world. Among its
contributions are the architectural marvels of the Great Wall, The Forbidden City, and the Mausoleum of
the first Qin Emperor.

Commoner Style - used by merchants, bureuacrats, and farmers, follow a set of patterns. In the center
of the buildingis a shrine for the deities and ancestors and on its two sides are the bedrooms.

Imperial Style - higly influenced by numerology, orienting imperial building is an example of the
importance of the East. It also a form of solar worship with the emperor being associated with the sun.

Pagoda - is a traditional part of Chinese architecture. Its shape is square and circular. the base is circular
but later has become octagona. It seves as a house for offering sacrifices.
Feng Shui - the method of studying geographic features in selecting construction sites for cities, homes,
etc., is a concept of harmony between nature and humans. , is the key part in Chinese architecture, both
ancient and modern. They are believed to bring good luck, break taboos, and drive off evil spirits.

PE
AEROBIC EXERCISES
AEROBIC EXERCISES - physical activities that can cause you to breathe harder and make your heart beat
faster.

refers to how your body uses oxygen to provide energy that your body needs during vigorous activities.

BENEFITS OF AEROBIC EXERCISES

1. Increased energy and endurance

2. Improved blood circulation and oxygen usage
3. Reduced risk of acquiring heart diseases and diabetes
4. Healthful weight

DANCE AERO MIXER - It is a simple dance aerobic exercise that develops cardiovascular and respiratory
endurance.

1. Run and Stamp

2. Umbrella Run

3. Elbow Swings

4. Slide Shuffle

5. Chorus Line Kicks

6. Grapevine Step

7. Grand Right and Left

Flexibility excercises - contributes to the development of your overall physical fitness.

Flexibility benefits

1. Increased muscle relaxation and decrease muscle tension

2. Improved coordination

3. Increase range of motion

4. Reduced risk of body injuries

5. Better body posture

6. Improved circulation and respiration

7. Increased self-esteem

8. Developed motor skills

Basic Flexibility Exercises

1. Knee-to-chest Stretching
2. Sitting Hamstring Stretch
3. Hip stretch

HEALTH
Dating, Courtship and Marriage (kalandian)

Courtship -is an activity that occurs when people are developing a romantic relationship that can lead
to marriage.

is also the period where couple gets to know each other and decide if there will be engagement and
marriage.

Modern Courtship (Use of Technology)

1. through the use of cellphone

2. through internet

Dating -is one of the ways for people to get together.

is a form of courtship consisting of some mutually agreed social activities between a couple or two
people as partners

1. Standard Date- (just between two people or a couple)

2. Double Date- (two couples at the same time and place)

3. Group Date- (having more couples enjoying a date)

Marriage -is the state of being united to a person as usband or wife in a consensual and contractual
relationship reconized by law. it is a lifelong partnership and enjoyable relationship between two
people.

1. Love/Commitment- it is a decision to be committed to another person.

2. Sexual Faithfulness- it includes more than just the bodies, it also includes the eyes, mind, heart
and soul
3. Humility- an essential building block of a healthy marriage is the ability to admit that you are not
perfect, that you will make mistakes and that you will need forgiveness
4. Patience/ Forgiveness- successful marriage partners learn to show unending patience and
forgiveness to their partner.
5. Time- Any successful relationship requires intentional quality time together.
6. Honesty/ Trust- it become the foundation for everything healthy in a marriage. But unlike most
of the essentials on this list, trust takes time.
7. Commuication- successful marriage partners communicate as much as possible.
8. Selflessness- although it will never show up on survey, more marriages are broken up by
selfishness than by other reason.

Family Setup across Cultures

1. Couple’s Family- it refers to two persons who are married to each other and do not have
children.
2. Nuclear Family- it is the traditional family setup that consists of a husband and a wife and their
children
3. Foster/ Adoptive Family- a child or children who do not live with their biological parents and are
being cared for by an adult/s can become a family too.
4. Single-parent Family- it refers to a family that has one parent and atleast one child.
5. Blended Family- a family in which is made up when two families live together.
6. Extented Family- when family members from three or more generations move in and live with
other relatives.