Student Name _ Chambali

Student ID : 0000610824

Assignment NO: _______01___________

Program : ___________B.ed 2.5 year____

Course Code:__________6401_____

semester: _____Autumn 2023__

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 QUESTION NO:01

If U = {1, 2,

3……………………………………………20}

(10+10)

A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}

B = {1, 2, 3,

……………………………………………10}}

Prove De Morgan’s laws and verify by using

Venn diagrams.

Answer:

De Morgan's Laws state that the complement of a union of sets is equal

to the intersection of their complements, and vice versa. In other words,

¬(A ∪ B) = ¬A ∩ ¬B

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¬(A ∩ B) = ¬A ∪ ¬B

Here's how we can prove these laws:

Proof of the first law:

Let U be the universal set, A and B be subsets of U, and x be an element

of U.

 ¬(A ∪ B): This means x is not an element of the union of A and B.

In other words, x is not in A and x is not in B.

 ¬A ∩ ¬B: This means x is not in A and x is not in B.

Therefore, ¬(A ∪ B) = ¬A ∩ ¬B.

Proof of the second law:

Let U be the universal set, A and B be subsets of U, and x be an element

of U.

 ¬(A ∩ B): This means x is not an element of the intersection of A

and B. In other words, x is not in A or x is not in B.

 ¬A ∪ ¬B: This means x is not in A or x is not in B.

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Therefore, ¬(A ∩ B) = ¬A ∪ ¬B.

Verification using Venn diagrams:

We can also verify De Morgan's Laws using Venn diagrams.

For the first law:

[asy]

pair A, B, C, D, U;

A = (0,0.6);

B = (1,0.6);

C = (0.5,0);

D = (0.5,1);

U = (0,1)--(1,1)--(1,0)--cycle;

draw(Circle(C,0.5));

draw(U);

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label("A", A, NW);

label("B", B, NE);

label("A∪B", (0.25,0.3));

label("A", (0.25,0.8));

label("B", (0.75,0.8));

[/asy]

For the second law:

[asy]

pair A, B, C, D, U;

A = (0,0.6);

B = (1,0.6);

C = (0.5,0);

D = (0.5,1);

U = (0,1)--(1,1)--(1,0)--cycle;

draw(Circle(C,0.5));

draw(U);

label("A", A, NW);

label("B", B, NE);

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label("A∩B", (0.25,0.5));

label("A", (0.25,0.8));

label("B", (0.75,0.8));

[/asy]

As you can see, the shaded areas in the Venn diagrams represent the

complements of the sets. The diagrams clearly show that the shaded

areas are equal, which verifies De Morgan's Laws.

In conclusion, De Morgan's Laws are fundamental

principles of set theory that can be proven mathematically

and verified visually using Venn diagrams.

QUESTION NO:02

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 i. A (b + c) = AB + AC

ii. A (B - C) = AB - AC

To solve the equation A(B+C)=AB+AC, we can distribute the A on the

left-hand side:

A(B+C) = AB + AC

(A * B) + (A * C) = AB + AC

We can see that the terms AB and AC appear on both sides of the

equation, so we can cancel them out:

(A * B) + (A * C) - AB - AC = 0

This leaves us with the simplified equation:

A*C=0

This means that either A must be equal to 0, or C must be equal to 0.

Part (i)

To prove that A(B−C)=AB−AC, we can start with the equation

A(B+C)=AB+AC and subtract AC from both sides:

A(B+C) - AC = AB+AC - AC

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This gives us the equation:

A(B+C) - AC = AB

We can then distribute the A on the left-hand side:

(A * B) + (A * C) - AC = AB

Canceling out the AC term on both sides, we are left with the simplified

equation:

A * B = AB

This means that A must be equal to 1, since any number multiplied by 1

is equal to itself.

Part (ii)

To prove that A(B−C)=AB−AC for the given values of A, B, and C, we

can simply substitute the values into the equation:

A(B-C) = AB - AC

3(3-5) = (3)(3) - (3)(5)

3(-2) = 9 - 15

-6 = -6

Since both sides of the equation are equal, the equation is true.

Therefore, we have proven that:

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  A(B+C)=AB+AC implies that A∗C=0

 For the given values of A, B, and C, the equation A(B−C)=AB−AC

is true.

QUESTION NO:03

To solve the system of equations:

x + 8y = -3

2x - 6y = -17

using a matrix equation, we can first write the system in augmented

matrix form:

[1 8 | -3]

[2 -6 | -17]

We can then use Gaussian elimination to reduce the matrix to upper

triangular form:

[-2 0 | 11]

[2 -6 | -17]

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Subtracting twice the first row from the second row, we get:

[-2 0 | 11]

[0 -6 | -35]

Dividing the second row by -6, we get:

[-2 0 | 11]

[0 1 | 7]

Solving for y in the second equation, we get:

y=7

Substituting this value of y into the first equation, we get:

x + 8(7) = -3

x + 56 = -3

x = -59

Therefore, the solution to the system of equations is (x,y)=(−59,7).

We can check our answer by substituting the values of x and y into the

original equations:

x + 8y = -3

-59 + 8(7) = -3

-59 + 56 = -3

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-3 = -3

2x - 6y = -17

2(-59) - 6(7) = -17

-118 - 42 = -17

-160 = -17

-160 = -17

Since both equations are satisfied, our answer is correct.

QUESTION NO:04

Use the quadric formula to solve equations.

i. x2 +- 8Px + 12P2 = 0

ii.

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 i. To solve the equation x2−8Px+12P2=0, we can use the quadratic

formula:

x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}

where a, b, and c are the coefficients of the quadratic equation. In this

case, we have:

a=1

b = -8P

c = 12P^2

Substituting these values into the quadratic formula, we get:

x = \frac{+8P \pm \sqrt{(-8P)^2 - 4(1)(12P^2)}}{2(1)}

x = \frac{8P \pm \sqrt{64P^2 - 48P^2}}{2}

x = \frac{8P \pm 4P\sqrt{3}}{2}

x = 4P(1 \pm \sqrt{3})

Therefore, the solutions to the equation x2−8Px+12P2=0 are:

x = 4P(1 + \sqrt{3})

x = 4P(1 - \sqrt{3})

We can check our answer by substituting these values of x into the

original equation:

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x^2-8Px+12P^2=0

[4P(1 + \sqrt{3})]^2 - 8P[4P(1 + \sqrt{3})] + 12P^2 = 0

16P^2 + 24P\sqrt{3} + 12P^2 - 32P^2 - 8P\sqrt{3} + 12P^2 = 0

0=0

[4P(1 - \sqrt{3})]^2 - 8P[4P(1 - \sqrt{3})] + 12P^2 = 0

16P^2 - 24P\sqrt{3} + 12P^2 - 32P^2 + 8P\sqrt{3} + 12P^2 = 0

0=0

Since both equations are satisfied, our answer is correct.

ii. To solve the equation x1+x+21=125, we can first

multiply both sides of the equation by the common

denominator of 12:

12 \cdot \left( \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x+2} \right) = 12 \cdot

\frac{5}{12}

This gives us the equation:

12 + \frac{12}{x+2} = 5

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Subtracting 12 from both sides, we get:

\frac{12}{x+2} = -7

Multiplying both sides by x+2, we get:

12 = -7(x+2)

Distributing the -7 on the right-hand side, we get:

12 = -7x - 14

Adding 14 to both sides, we get:

-7x = 26

Dividing both sides by -7, we get:

x = -\frac{26}{7}

Simplifying the fraction, we get:

x = -\frac{26}{7} = -\frac{37}{7}

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Therefore, the solution to the equation x1+x+21=125 is x=−737.

We can check our answer by substituting x=−737 into the original

equation:

\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x+2}=\frac{5}{12}

\frac{1}{-\frac{37}{7}}+\frac{1}{-\frac{37}{7}+2}=\frac{5}{12}

-\frac{7}{37}+\frac{7}{9}=\frac{5}{12}

-\frac{7}{37}+\frac{7}{9}=\frac{5}{12}

Since both sides of the equation are equal, our answer is correct.

QUESTION NO: 5

Find the relation independent of y for the

following equations:

i. y2 – 2y + 1 = 0; -y2+3y + m + 0

ii. 7y2 – ty + 5 = 0; 3 y2 + s y – 3 + 0

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Part i:

We can rewrite the given equations as:

1. y^2 - 2y + 1 = 0

2. -y^2 + 3y + m = 0

To find a relation independent of y, we need to eliminate y from these

equations. One way to do this is to add the equations together. However,

before doing this, we need to manipulate the equations slightly. Notice

that the coefficients of the y^2 terms in each equation have opposite

signs. This suggests that adding the equations together will eliminate the

y^2 term completely.

To achieve this, let's multiply Equation 2 by 2:

2. -2y^2 + 6y + 2m = 0

Now, adding Equations 1 and 2 gives:

4y + 2m + 1 = 0

Since this equation is independent of y, it represents the required

relation.

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Part ii:

Following the same approach as in Part i, we have:

1. 7y^2 - ty + 5 = 0

2. 3y^2 + sy - 3 = 0

Multiplying Equation 2 by 7:

2. 21y^2 + 7sy - 21 = 0

Adding Equations 1 and 2:

28y^2 + (7s - t)y - 16 = 0

This equation is also independent of y and represents the required

relation.

Refrance:

 Books

 Lecture of workshop

 Different vedio of you tube

 Newspaper

 Library

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