World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology

International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences

 Vol:13, No:1, 2019

6WXGHQWV¶3HUFHSWLRQVRIWKH8VHRI6RFLDO0HGLDLQ
+LJKHU(GXFDWLRQLQ6DXGL$UDELD
2PDU$OVKHKUL9LF/DOO\

 XQLYHUVLW\¶VVWXGHQWVWRXVLQJWKHVHWRROV
Abstract²7KLVSDSHUH[DPLQHGWKHDWWLWXGHVRIXVLQJVRFLDOPHGLD
WRROVWRVXSSRUWOHDUQLQJDWDXQLYHUVLW\LQ6DXGL$UDELD0RUHRYHULW ,,/,7(5$785(5(9,(:
LQYHVWLJDWHGWKHVWXGHQWV¶FXUUHQWXVDJHRIWKHVHWRROVDQGH[DPLQHG
WKHEDUULHUVWKH\FRXOGIDFHGXULQJWKHXVHRIVRFLDOPHGLDWRROVLQWKH A. Advantages of Using Social Media Tools for Learning
HGXFDWLRQ SURFHVV 3DUWLFLSDQWV LQ WKLV VWXG\ ZHUH  XQLYHUVLW\ 7KH XVH RI VRFLDO PHGLD WRROV KDV PDQ\ LPSOLFDWLRQV IRU
VWXGHQWV$ZHEEDVHGVXUYH\ZDVXVHGWRFROOHFWGDWDIRUWKLVVWXG\ ZLGHU HFRQRPLF DQG VRFLDO OLIH >@ 6RFLDO PHGLD WRROV KDYH
7KHUHVXOWVLQGLFDWHWKDWDOORIWKHVWXGHQWVZHUHIDPLOLDUZLWKVRFLDO
PHGLDDQGKDGXVHGDWOHDVWRQHW\SHRIVRFLDOPHGLDIRUOHDUQLQJ,W
UHFHLYHG D JUHDW GHDO RI UHFHQW DWWHQWLRQ IRU WKHLU SRWHQWLDO WR
ZDVIRXQGRXWWKDWDOOVWXGHQWVKDGYHU\SRVLWLYHDWWLWXGHVWRZDUGVWKH IDFLOLWDWHDQGHQKDQFHOHDUQLQJ>@7KHLQWHUDFWLYHQDWXUHRI
Open Science Index, Educational and Pedagogical Sciences Vol:13, No:1, 2019 waset.org/Publication/10009918

XVHRIVRFLDOPHGLDDQGZHOFRPHGXVLQJWKHVHWRROVDVDVXSSOHPHQWDU\ PDQ\ VRFLDO PHGLD WRROV DOORZV OHDUQHUV WR EHFRPH DFWLYH
WR WKH FXUULFXOXP +RZHYHU WKH UHVXOWV LQGLFDWHG WKDW WKH PDMRU SDUWLFLSDQWV ZKR FDQ FRFRQVWUXFW OHDUQLQJ H[SHULHQFHV ZLWK
EDUULHUV WR XVLQJ WKHVH WRROV LQ OHDUQLQJ ZHUH GLVWUDFWLRQ RSSRVLQJ WKHLUSHHUVDQGLQVWUXFWRUVDQGUHFHLYHUHVRXUFHVDQGIHHGEDFN
,VODPLF UHOLJLRXV WHDFKLQJV SULYDF\ LVVXHV DQG F\EHUEXOO\LQJ 7KH IURPWKHLULQVWUXFWRUVZKLOHDYRLGLQJIHHOLQJVRILQWLPLGDWLRQ
VWXG\UHFRPPHQGHGWKDWWKLVVWXG\FRXOGEHUHSOLFDWHGDWRWKHU6DXGL
XQLYHUVLWLHVWRLQYHVWLJDWHIDFWRUVDQGEDUULHUVWKDWPLJKWDIIHFW6DXGL
WKDWRIWHQDULVHZKHQDVNLQJTXHVWLRQVLQIURQWRIDODUJHOHFWXUH
VWXGHQWV¶DWWLWXGHVWRZDUGXVLQJVRFLDOPHGLDWRVXSSRUWOHDUQLQJ KDOO RI FODVVPDWHV >@ 7KH ULVH RI VRFLDO PHGLD WRROV KDV
WUDQVIRUPHG LQWHUQHW XVHUV IURP SDVVLYH UHFHLYHUV WR DFWLYH
Keywords²6DXGL$UDELDVRFLDOPHGLDEHQHILWVRIVRFLDOPHGLD OHDUQHUV,QGHHG>@VWDWHGWKDWVRFLDOPHGLDWRROVFDQEHXVHG
XVHEDUULHUVWRVRFLDOPHGLDXVHKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQ WRLPSURYHWKHTXDOLW\RIWHDFKLQJVKDUHHGXFDWLRQDOFRQWHQW
LQFUHDVH VWXGHQWV¶ PRWLYDWLRQ DQG SURPRWH FROODERUDWLYH
, ,1752'8&7,21 OHDUQLQJ5HIHUHQFH>S@VWDWHVVRFLDOPHGLDLVEHQHILFLDO

$ 6VRFLDOPHGLDWHFKQRORJ\GHYHORSVLWDOORZVXVHUVHYHU
JUHDWHUDFFHVVWRYDOXDEOHNQRZOHGJH7KHSUROLIHUDWLRQRI
VRFLDO PHGLD WHFKQRORJLHV LV XQSUHFHGHQWHG ZLWK WKHVH WRROV
WRVWXGHQWOHDUQLQJDVLWOHDGVWR³JUHDWHUHQJDJHPHQWJUHDWHU
LQWHUHVWDQGVWXGHQWVWDNLQJPRUHFRQWURODQGUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRU
WKHLU HGXFDWLRQ´ +DQGKHOG GHYLFHV KDYH FRQWULEXWHG WR WKHVH
EHFRPLQJDQHVVHQWLDOSDUWRIHYHU\GD\OLIHLQDZLGHUDQJHRI GHYHORSPHQWV 6RFLDO PHGLD RQ PRELOH GHYLFHV FDQ HQDEOH
VHWWLQJV6RFLDOPHGLDWRROVDUHEHJLQQLQJWRJHWPRUHDWWHQWLRQ OHDUQHUV WR FRQQHFW DQG FROODERUDWH ZLWK RWKHU OHDUQHUV RXW RI
IURP HGXFDWLRQDO LQVWLWXWLRQV EHFDXVH WKH\ KDYH EHFRPH WR WKHFODVVURRPDVZHOODVWRJDLQSUDFWLFDOH[SHULHQFHWRSUHSDUH
VRPH H[WHQW  HIIHFWLYH PHDQV RI FRPPXQLFDWLQJ LGHDV DQG IRUWKHZRUNIRUFH>@$FRPPXQLW\FDQEHFUHDWHGORFDOO\IRU
IHHOLQJV DPRQJ XVHUV 5HIHUHQFH >@ QRWH WKDW VWXGHQWV XVH DSDUWLFXODUFODVVEH\RQGWKHERXQGDULHVRIDVLQJOHFODVVURRP
VRFLDO PHGLD WRROV WR GHYHORS WKHLU LGHQWLWLHV EHOLHIV DQG RUHYHQEH\RQGWKHFDPSXV$FFRUGLQJWRDUHFHQWVXUYH\RQWKH
VWDQFHVRQYDULRXVLVVXHVLQFOXGLQJSROLWLFVUHOLJLRQHFRQRP\ XVHRIVRFLDOPHGLDLQ86KLJKHUHGXFDWLRQRYHURIIDFXOW\
ZRUNLQWLPDWHUHODWLRQVKLSVHWF8VHUVFDQGRWKLVE\VKDULQJ PHPEHUVXVHVRFLDOPHGLDDWOHDVWRQFHDPRQWKRUPRUHDQG
OLQNVHQJDJLQJLQRQOLQHOHDUQLQJDQGVHHNLQJMREV,WFRXOGEH DSSUR[LPDWHO\  RI IDFXOW\ PHPEHUV XVH WKHP LQ WHDFKLQJ
DUJXHG WKDW XVLQJ WKHVH WRROV WR VXSSRUW OHDUQLQJ HQFRXUDJHV >@ /LNHZLVH IURP D SUHVHPHVWHU DQG SRVWVHPHVWHU
VHOIPRWLYDWHG DQG DXWRQRPRXV OHDUQLQJ DQG WKH WRROV TXHVWLRQQDLUHDW*ULIILWK8QLYHUVLW\LQ$XVWUDOLDLWHPHUJHGWKDW
WKHPVHOYHV DUH EHFRPLQJ DQ LQWHJUDO SDUW RI OHDUQHUV¶  RI WKH VWXGHQWV VXUYH\HG EHOLHYHG WKDW D )DFHERRN SDJH
H[SHULHQFHV >@ 0RUHRYHU VRFLDO PHGLD WRROV FDQ DFW DV ZRXOGLQFUHDVH VWXGHQWLQWHUDFWLRQ DQG  IHOWWKDW LWZRXOG
UHVRXUFHV WR VXSSRUW HGXFDWLRQDO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ EHWZHHQ DXJPHQWLQVWUXFWRULQWHUDFWLRQ>@
VWXGHQWV DQG IDFXOW\ IDFLOLWDWH HGXFDWLRQDO SURFHVVHV DQG 5HIHUHQFH > S @ DUJXHG IRU WKH XVHIXOQHVV RI XWLOLVLQJ
VXSSRUWNQRZOHGJHDFTXLVLWLRQ VRFLDO PHGLD LQ KLJKHU HGXFDWLRQ DQG WKH LPSRUWDQW UROH WKDW
7KLV VWXG\ LQYHVWLJDWHV WKH FXUUHQW XVDJH RI VRFLDO PHGLD )DFHERRNFDQSOD\LQFODVVURRPV%DVHGRQUHVXOWVRIDVWXG\
WRROVWRVXSSRUWOHDUQLQJLQDQHPHUJLQJXQLYHUVLW\LQVRXWKHUQ WKH\FRQFOXGHGWKDW³WKHHYLGHQFHSUHVHQWHGUHLQIRUFHVWKHYLHZ
6DXGL$UDELD7KHPDLQSXUSRVHRIWKHVWXG\ZDVWRXQGHUVWDQG WKDWVXFKQHWZRUNVKDYHXQWDSSHGSRWHQWLDOFDSDEOHRIPDNLQJ
KRZ WKHVH WRROV FRXOG EH XVHG IRU WHDFKLQJ DQG OHDUQLQJ DW D DVLJQLILFDQWFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKHOHDUQLQJDQGWHDFKLQJSURFHVV´
6DXGL $UDELDQ XQLYHUVLW\ DQG WKH EDUULHUV SHUFHLYHG E\ WKH 5HIHUHQFH>S@OLVWVPXOWLSOHEHQHILWVRIXVLQJVRFLDOPHGLD
WRROV LQ KLJKHU HGXFDWLRQ LQFOXGLQJ ³UHWHQWLRQ VRFLDOLVDWLRQ

2 $ $OVKHKUL LV D 3K' FDQGLGDWH DW WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI *ODVJRZ 8.  /9LFLV3URIHVVRURI(GXFDWLRQDQG'LUHFWRURIWKH,/(765HVHDUFK*URXS
VWXG\LQJWKHUHDOLW\RIXVLQJVRFLDOPHGLDDVHOHDUQLQJWRROVLQ6DXGL$UDELDQ DWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI*ODVJRZ 8.  HPDLOYLF#YLFODOO\FRXN 
KLJKHU HGXFDWLRQ SKRQH  HPDLO
RDOVKHKUL#UHVHDUFKJODDFXN 

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 13(1) 2019 28 ISNI:0000000091950263
 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences
 Vol:13, No:1, 2019

FROODERUDWLYH OHDUQLQJ VWXGHQW HQJDJHPHQW VHQVH RI FRQWURO 3DFNDJH IRU 6RFLDO 6FLHQFH  YHUVLRQ  ZDV DSSOLHG WR KHOS
DQG RZQHUVKLS´ )XUWKHUPRUH UHVHDUFKHUV LQGLFDWHG WKDW FODULI\WKHVWXG\¶VGHVFULSWLYHGDWD
VWXGHQWV ZKR DUH WDXJKW XVLQJ VRFLDO PHGLD WRROV DUH DEOH WR
FROODERUDWH DQG HQJDJH LQ SUREOHPVROYLQJ UHFHLYH IHHGEDFN ,95(68/76
HQJDJH LQ WHDPZRUN DQG RYHUFRPH JHRJUDSKLFDO ERXQGDULHV $VFDQEHVHHQLQ7DEOH,WKHVWXG\UHYHDOHGWKDWWKHUDWHRI
>@>@ VRFLDO PHGLD XVDJH DPRQJ VWXGHQWV ZDV YHU\ KLJK  
B. Disadvantages of Using Social Media Tools for Learning $OPRVWDOOUHVSRQGHQWVLQWKHVXUYH\LQGLFDWHGDGHJUHHRIXVDJH
RI VRFLDO PHGLD 0RUHRYHU  RI WKH VWXGHQWV RZQHG
0DQ\RIWKHFRPSODLQWVDERXWVRFLDOPHGLDWHFKQRORJ\KDYH
FRPHIURPHGXFDWRUVZKRVHVWXGHQWVDUHGLVWUDFWHGIURPWKHLU VPDUWSKRQHV ZKLOH   RZQHG D ODSWRS 7KH VRFLR
GHPRJUDSKLF GDWD LQGLFDWHG WKDW  ZHUH PDOH ZKLOH 
VWXGLHV DQG FODLP WKDW WHFKQRORJ\ DGYHUVHO\ DIIHFWV DFDGHPLF
ZHUHIHPDOH7KHJUHDWHVWSURSRUWLRQRIWKHVDPSOHZDVLQWKH
SHUIRUPDQFH5HIHUHQFH>@DUJXHGWKDWXVLQJVRFLDOPHGLDLQ
\HDUDJHJURXSV  $GGLWLRQDOO\WKHYDVWPDMRULW\RI
WKH FODVVURRP FDQ EHFRPH D GLVWUDFWLRQ DV WKHVH WRROV DUH
WKH VDPSOH SDUWLFLSDQWV KDG D VRFLDO PHGLD DFFRXQW VXFK DV
DWWUDFWLYHWRXVHDQGWKH\FDWFKVWXGHQWV¶DWWHQWLRQGXULQJFODVV
:KDWV$SS)DFHERRN7ZLWWHUDQG6QDSFKDW  ,WLVDOVR
WLPH $V > S @ VWDWHV ³)DFHERRN DQG 7ZLWWHU GLYHUW
DSSDUHQW IURP WKH UHVXOWV WKDW WKH VRFLDO PHGLD WRROV WKDW
VWXGHQWV¶DWWHQWLRQDZD\IURPZKDW¶VKDSSHQLQJLQFODVVDQGDUH
DWWUDFWHG PRVW XVDJH DPRQJ WKH VWXGHQW UHVSRQGHQWV ZHUH
XOWLPDWHO\ GLVUXSWLYH WR WKH OHDUQLQJ SURFHVV´ 7KHUH DUH DOVR
:KDWV$SS   ,QVWDJUDP   6QDSFKDW  
Open Science Index, Educational and Pedagogical Sciences Vol:13, No:1, 2019 waset.org/Publication/10009918

FKDOOHQJHV UHODWLQJ WR F\EHU DXWKRULWDULDQLVP 0RUHRYHU

7ZLWWHU  <RX7XEH  DQG)DFHERRN  
VWXGHQWV DQG LQVWUXFWRUV IDFH FHUWDLQ EDUULHUV ZKHQ XWLOLVLQJ

VRFLDO PHGLD IRU OHDUQLQJ SDUWLFXODUO\ LQ VLWXDWLRQV ZKHUH 7$%/(,
WHDFKHUV ODFN VXIILFLHQW NQRZOHGJH WR LPSOHPHQW WKH QHZ 3$57,&,3$176¶'(02*5$3+,&,1)250$7,21
WHFKQRORJ\LQWKHLUFODVVURRPV+RZHYHULWLVLVVXHVUHODWHGWR  )UHTXHQF\ 3HUFHQWDJH
SULYDF\WKDWUHSUHVHQWSHUKDSVWKHPDLQFKDOOHQJHSRVHGE\WKLV 8VHRIVRFLDOPHGLD
WHFKQRORJ\ 8VLQJ VWDWLVWLFDO DQDO\VLV RI )DFHERRN GDWD >@ <HV  
FRQGXFWHGDVWXG\WRH[DPLQHKRZ)DFHERRNDIIHFWVWKHSULYDF\ 1R  
RIVWXGHQWVDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI2NODKRPD7KH\IRXQGWKDWRYHU 7RWDO  
 RI XVHU¶V ZLOOLQJO\ SRVW ODUJH DPRXQWV RI SHUVRQDO 0HDQVRIDFFHVVWRVRFLDOPHGLDWRROV
LQIRUPDWLRQ VXFK DV DJH JHQGHU ORFDWLRQ DQG LQWHUHVWV DQG &RPSXWHU  
/DSWRS  
GHPRQVWUDWH D GLVUHJDUG IRU ERWK WKH SULYDF\ VHWWLQJV DQG
6PDUWSKRQH  
)DFHERRN¶V SULYDF\ SROLF\ DQG WHUPV RI VHUYLFH ,Q D 6DXGL
L3RGL3DG  
$UDELDQFRQWH[W>@DOVRFRQGXFWHGDVWXG\WRH[DPLQHWKHXVH
7RWDO  
RI VRFLDO PHGLD VLWHV 7KH UHVXOWV RI WKH VWXG\ LQGLFDWHG WKDW 6H[JURXSV
SULYDF\DQGVHFXULW\FRQFHUQVFRQWLQXHWRSOD\DFULWLFDOUROHLQ 0DOH  
SUHYHQWLQJPDOHDQGIHPDOHVWXGHQWVIURPXVLQJVRFLDOPHGLD )HPDOH  
DVHGXFDWLRQDOWRROV&\EHUEXOO\LQJLVDQRWKHUFKDOOHQJHZKHQ 7RWDO  
XVLQJVRFLDOPHGLDLQKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQ,QDVWXG\DERXWF\EHU $JHJURXSV
EXOO\LQJDW,QGLDQD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\>@IRXQGWKDWDERXW WR  
RIFROOHJHVWXGHQWVH[SHULHQFHGRQOLQHKDUDVVPHQWDQGRI WR  
WKLV JURXS UHSRUWHG WKDW WKH KDUDVVPHQW ZDV WKURXJK VRFLDO WR  
PHGLDVLWHV7KHVHFKDOOHQJHVUDLVHLVVXHVDERXWWKHDSSURSULDWH DQGDERYH  
XVHRIVRFLDOPHGLDLQHGXFDWLRQDOVHWWLQJVZKHWKHUIRUPDORU 7RWDO  
LQIRUPDO$V>S@SRLQWVRXW³6FKRROVQHHGWRHQVXUHWKDW 6RFLDOPHGLDWRROVXVHG
JXLGHOLQHV DUH SURYLGHG IRU H[SHFWDWLRQV DERXW DFFHSWDEOH :KDWV$SS  
RQOLQHFRPPXQLFDWLRQLQUHODWLRQWRVFKRROPDWWHUV´ )DFHERRN  
7ZLWWHU  
,QVWDJUDP  
,,,0(7+2'2/2*<
6QDSFKDW  
7KLV VWXG\ ZDV FRQGXFWHG DW DQ HPHUJLQJ XQLYHUVLW\ LQ <RX7XEH  
VRXWKHUQ6DXGL$UDELD$QHOHFWURQLFVXUYH\ZDVGLVWULEXWHGLQ 7RWDO  
$UDELF WR H[DPLQH WKH FXUUHQW XVDJH RI VRFLDO PHGLD WRROV WR 
VXSSRUWOHDUQLQJWKHVHWRROV¶EHQHILWVLQWHDFKLQJDQGOHDUQLQJ $VVKRZQLQ7DEOH,,RIWKHVWXGHQWVLQWKHVDPSOHKDG
DQG WKH SXUSRVHV IRU ZKLFK WKH\ ZHUH XVHG 7KH VDPSOH DWWHQGHG D FODVV LQ ZKLFK VRFLDO PHGLD ZHUH XVHG 0RUHRYHU
FRQVLVWHG RI  SDUWLFLSDQWV  PDOHV DQG  IHPDOHV 7KH  RI WKH VWXGHQWV LQ WKH VDPSOH PHQWLRQHG WKDW WKH\ XVH
VXUYH\ZDVFDUULHGRXWGXULQJWKHDXWXPQVHPHVWHU7KH VRFLDO PHGLD WRROV WR FRPPXQLFDWH ZLWK WKHLU WHDFKHUV
TXHVWLRQQDLUH ZDV GLVWULEXWHG YLD DQ RQOLQH SODWIRUP WR ,QWHUHVWLQJO\RYHUKDOIRIWKHVDPSOH  VWDWHGWKDWWKH\
XQLYHUVLW\ IDFXOW\ PHPEHUV 7KH TXHVWLRQQDLUH ZDV FROOHFWHG GR XQGHUVWDQG VRFLDO PHGLD ZHEVLWHV LQ (QJOLVK ,Q DGGLWLRQ
IURP WKH VDPSOH WKURXJK GLUHFW FRQWDFW DQG RQOLQH XVLQJ RIWKHVDPSOHDFFHSWHGWKDWVRFLDOPHGLDZDVDWRROWKDW
*RRJOH)RUPVZLWKWKHOLQNVVHQWE\HPDLO6366 6WDWLVWLFDO VKRXOGEHXWLOLVHGE\WHDFKHUV0RUHRYHUDOPRVWWKUHHTXDUWHUV

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 13(1) 2019 29 ISNI:0000000091950263
 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences
 Vol:13, No:1, 2019

RIWKHVDPSOHEHOLHYHGWKDWVRFLDOPHGLDZDVWKHEHVWZD\IRU LVVXHV  DQGF\EHUEXOO\LQJ  

WHDFKHUVWRUHDFKVWXGHQWV  0RVWRIWKHVDPSOH   
KDGXVHGVRFLDOPHGLDIRUEHWZHHQIRXUDQGVHYHQ\HDUV 7$%/(,9
',6$'9$17$*(62)86,1*62&,$/0(',$722/6)25/($51,1*
KDGXVHGVRFLDOPHGLDIRUWZRWRWKUHH\HDUVZKLOHKDG
6WDWHPHQWV $QVZHUV )UHTXHQF\ 3HUFHQWDJH
XVHGVRFLDOPHGLDIRUPRUHWKDQHLJKW\HDUV
,DPFRQFHUQHGDERXW <HV  

SULYDF\LVVXHVUHODWHGWRWKH 1R  
7$%/(,,
XVHRIVRFLDOPHGLDWRROV 7RWDO  
48(67,211$,5(,7(06
6WDWHPHQWV $QVZHUV )UHTXHQF\ 3HUFHQWDJH ,IHHOFRQFHUQHGDERXWWKH <HV  
<HV   GDQJHUVRIF\EHUEXOO\LQJ 1R  
,KDYHWDNHQDFODVVZKHUH ZKHQXVLQJVRFLDOPHGLD 7RWDO  
1R  
VRFLDOPHGLDZHUHXVHG <HV  
7RWDO   6RFLDOPHGLDXVDJHFRXOG
<HV   GLVWUDFWVWXGHQWV¶IRFXVDZD\ 1R  
,KDYHXVHGVRFLDOPHGLDWR
IURPDFDGHPLFOHDUQLQJ 7RWDO  
FRPPXQLFDWHZLWKP\ 1R  
WHDFKHUV 7RWDO   6RPHFRQWHQWVRIVRFLDO <HV  
<HV   PHGLDRSSRVH,VODPLF 1R  
,XQGHUVWDQGVRFLDOPHGLD
UHOLJLRXVWHDFKLQJV 7RWDO  
ZHEVLWHVWKDWDUHLQ(QJOLVK 1R  
ODQJXDJH 7RWDO  
Open Science Index, Educational and Pedagogical Sciences Vol:13, No:1, 2019 waset.org/Publication/10009918

,WKLQNWKDWXVLQJVRFLDO <HV   9',6&866,21

PHGLDLVWKHEHVWZD\IRU 1R  
WHDFKHUVWRUHDFKVWXGHQWV
6RFLDO PHGLD DUH VWLOO IDU IURP EHLQJ UHJXODUO\ XVHG IRU
7RWDO  
WHDFKLQJLQDFDGHPLFFRQWH[WV7KHUHIRUHWKHIUHTXHQF\RIXVH
WR\HDUV  
LVJHQHUDOO\ORZZLWKOHVVWKDQRIWKHDFDGHPLFVVXUYH\HG
WR\HDUV  
,KDYHXVHGVRFLDOPHGLD LQWKHVWXG\XVLQJDWOHDVWRQHWRROIRUWHDFKLQJRQDPRQWKO\
WRROVIRU \HDUVRU
  EDVLVDQGOHVVWKDQGHFODULQJWKDWVRFLDOPHGLDLVXVHIXO
PRUH
7RWDO   IRUWHDFKLQJSXUSRVHV
 7KH UHVXOWV RI WKLV VWXG\ VKRZHG D JHQHUDOO\ KLJK OHYHO RI
$V VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH ,,, DOPRVW WKH HQWLUH VDPSOH   VWXGHQWDGRSWLRQRIVRFLDOPHGLDWRROV7KLVUHVXOWLVLQOLQHZLWK
EHOLHYHGWKDWVRFLDOPHGLDZDVLPSRUWDQW0RVWRIWKHVDPSOH RWKHU VWXGLHV RQ VWXGHQWV¶ XVH RI VRFLDO PHGLD >@ >@ >@
 XVHGVRFLDOPHGLDIRUOHDUQLQJLQFROOHJHV0RUHRYHU ZKLFK IRXQG WKDW VWXGHQWV DGRSW DQG XVH VRFLDO PHGLD
 RI WKH VDPSOH EHOLHYHG WKDW VRFLDO PHGLD KDG FKDQJHG GLIIHUHQWO\ GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKHLU DJH WKH \RXQJHU WKH\ DUH WKH
6DXGL VWXGHQWV¶ OHDUQLQJ FXOWXUH 2YHU KDOI RI WKH VDPSOH PRUHOLNHO\WKH\DUHWRUHJXODUO\XVHVRFLDOPHGLDWRROV7KLVLV
 IHOWWKDWXVLQJVRFLDOPHGLDLQWHDFKLQJZDVHIIHFWLYH DOVRFRQVLVWHQWZLWKPRUHJHQHUDOVWXGLHVRQVRFLDOPHGLDXVDJH
IRUVXSSRUWLQJVWXGHQWV¶OHDUQLQJSURFHVVHV+DOIRIWKHVDPSOH WKDWVKRZWKDWIHPDOHVDQG\RXQJSHRSOHVSHQGPRUHWLPHZLWK
  KHOG WKDW XVLQJ VRFLDO PHGLD LQ WHDFKLQJ GHFUHDVHV WKH WKHVHWRROV>@>@
GHSHQGHQF\RIVWXGHQWVRQWKHLULQVWUXFWRUVZKLOHWKHRWKHUKDOI 7KHVWXG\IRXQGWKDWDOORIWKHVWXGHQWVZHUHIDPLOLDUZLWK
EHOLHYHGWKDWLWLQFUHDVHVWKHLUGHSHQGHQF\ VRFLDOPHGLDDQGKDGXVHGDWOHDVWRQHW\SHRIVRFLDOPHGLDIRU
 OHDUQLQJ 0RUHRYHU DOPRVW DOO VWXGHQWV VKRZHG SRVLWLYH
7$%/(,,, DWWLWXGHV WRZDUG XVLQJ VRFLDO PHGLD DV D WRRO IRU OHDUQLQJ LQ
3(5&(37,212)7+(3$57,&,3$176
HGXFDWLRQ 6HYHUDO VWXGLHV FRQGXFWHG LQ RWKHU FRXQWULHV DOVR
6WDWHPHQWV $QVZHUV )UHTXHQF\ 3HUFHQWDJH
UHSRUW VLPLODU ILQGLQJV RI VWXGHQWV¶ DWWLWXGHV WRZDUG VRFLDO
<HV  
,WKLQNWKDWVRFLDOPHGLDDUH
1R  
PHGLDWRROVLQHGXFDWLRQ>@>@DQG>@$GGLWLRQDOO\DWRWDO
LPSRUWDQWIRUOHDUQLQJ RIRISDUWLFLSDWLQJVWXGHQWVIHOWWKDW VRFLDO PHGLDWRROV
7RWDO  
<HV   VXSSRUWHG VWXGHQWV DQG JDYH WKHP DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ WR DFTXLUH
,XVHVRFLDOPHGLDIRU GLYHUVH NQRZOHGJH $FFRUGLQJO\ WKH PDMRULW\ RI WKH VWXGHQW
1R  
OHDUQLQJDWFROOHJH
7RWDO   SDUWLFLSDQWV   EHOLHYHG WKDW VRFLDO PHGLD VKRXOG EH
,WKLQNWKDWVRFLDOPHGLD <HV   XWLOLVHGE\WHDFKHUV7KH\EHOLHYHGWKDWVRFLDOPHGLDWRROVDUH
KDYHFKDQJHG6DXGL 1R   LPSRUWDQWXVHIXODQGHQMR\DEOHWRROVWRVXSSRUWWKHLUOHDUQLQJ
VWXGHQWV¶OHDUQLQJFXOWXUH 7RWDO   DQGWRFRQQHFWVWXGHQWVZLWKHDFKRWKHUPDNLQJOHDUQLQJPRUH
,WKLQNWKDWXVLQJVRFLDO <HV   DXWKHQWLF DQG SDUW RI GDLO\ VWXGHQW DFWLYLWLHV 7KURXJK WKHVH
PHGLDLQWHDFKLQJLV 1R  
HIIHFWLYHLQVXSSRUWLQJ YDULRXVQHWZRUNVLWKDVEHFRPHHDVLHUIRUXVHUVWRSRVWWZHHW
VWXGHQWV¶OHDUQLQJSURFHVVHV 7RWDO   UHFRUGDFOLSFUHDWHDYLGHRDQGGLVVHPLQDWHLQIRUPDWLRQWRD
,WKLQNWKDWXVLQJVRFLDO <HV   VSHFLILFJURXSRUWRWKHSXEOLFLQJHQHUDO7KHVHZHUHDOOVRXUFHV
PHGLDLQWHDFKLQJGHFUHDVHV
WKHGHSHQGHQF\RIVWXGHQWV
1R   RIPRWLYDWLRQIRUWKHPWRXWLOLVHWKHVHSODWIRUPVLQWHDFKLQJDQG
RQWKHLULQVWUXFWRUV 7RWDO   OHDUQLQJDFWLYLWLHV7KHVWXGHQWUHVSRQGHQWVLQGLFDWHGDSRVLWLYH
 DWWLWXGH WRZDUGV WKH XVH RI VRFLDO PHGLD IRU FRQWLQXRXV
$VFDQEHVHHQLQ7DEOH,9WKHSDUWLFLSDQWVFRQVLGHUHGWKH SURIHVVLRQDO GHYHORSPHQW DQG D FRQVLGHUDEO\ KLJK LQWHUHVW LQ
PDMRU EDUULHUV WR WKHLU XVH RI VRFLDO PHGLD WR EH GLVWUDFWLRQ REWDLQLQJ IXUWKHU WUDLQLQJ LQ XVLQJ VRFLDO PHGLD WR DWWUDFW
 RSSRVLQJ,VODPLFUHOLJLRXVWHDFKLQJV  SULYDF\ VWXGHQWV¶ DWWHQWLRQ FUHDWH D FRPPXQLW\ DPRQJ VWXGHQWV

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 13(1) 2019 30 ISNI:0000000091950263
 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences
 Vol:13, No:1, 2019

FROODERUDWH WR VKDUH WLSV DQG UHVRXUFHV DOORZ VWXGHQWV WR DVN OHDUQLQJ7KHVHUHVXOWVDUHLQOLQHZLWKRWKHUVWXGLHV>@>@
TXHVWLRQV WR WKHLU LQVWUXFWRUV VHQG OHFWXUHV DQG UHFHLYH >@>@ZKLFKLQGLFDWHGWKDWFXOWXUDODQGVRFLDOIDFWRUVVXFK
VWXGHQWV¶ VXEPLVVLRQV 7KLV UHVXOW LV FRQVLVWHQW ZLWK WKRVH RI DVWKHHURVLRQRIWHDFKHUV¶WUDGLWLRQDOUROHVWKHPDQDJHPHQWRI
VWXGLHV FRQGXFWHG LQ RWKHU 6DXGL XQLYHUVLWLHV >@ >@ ZKLFK UHODWLRQVKLSVZLWKVWXGHQWVRUWKHLVVXHRISULYDF\WKUHDWVDUH
LQGLFDWHG WKDW VRFLDO PHGLD WRROV KDYH SRVLWLYH LPSDFWV RQ OLPLWLQJWKHXVHRIVRFLDOPHGLDLQWHDFKLQJ
VWXGHQWV¶DFDGHPLFDFKLHYHPHQWV
$OVR WKH PDMRULW\ RI WKH VWXG\ SDUWLFLSDQWV   DUH 5()(5(1&(6
FXUUHQWO\XVLQJVRFLDOPHGLDWRROVDQGDUHZLOOLQJWRXVHWKHVH >@ $OVKHKUL2  8VLQJ6RFLDO0HGLDLQ+LJKHU(GXFDWLRQDV7RROVIRU
WRROVLQWKHIXWXUHIRUOHDUQLQJ7KH\IHOWWKDWXVLQJVRFLDOPHGLD /HDUQLQJ :KDW GR IDFXOW\ WKLQN" *OREDO $GYDQFHG 5HVHDUFK -RXUQDOV
  ±
FRXOGEHHIIHFWLYHIRUVXSSRUWLQJWKHLUOHDUQLQJSURFHVVHVZKHQ >@ $OVXUHKL + $  <RXEL $ $ $   7RZDUGV DSSO\LQJ VRFLDO
WKHQHFHVVDU\LQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGFOHDUHGXFDWLRQDOSROLFLHVDUH QHWZRUNLQJ LQ KLJKHU HGXFDWLRQ &DVH VWXG\ RI 6DXGL 8QLYHUVLWLHV
LQSODFH7KLVUHVXOWLVFRQVLVWHQWZLWKVWXGLHVFRQGXFWHGE\>@ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI$FDGHPLF5HVHDUFK  
>@ ZKLFK HPSKDVLVHG WKH SRWHQWLDO RI VRFLDO PHGLD VLWHV WR >@ %DVX%  $QDO\]LQJWKH3HUFHSWLRQRI6RFLDO1HWZRUNLQJ6LWHVDV
D/HDUQLQJ 7RRO DPRQJ8QLYHUVLW\ 6WXGHQWV &DVH 6WXG\RI D %XVLQHVV
LQFUHDVH LQWHUDFWLRQ FROODERUDWLRQ DQG QHWZRUNLQJ EHWZHHQ 6FKRRO LQ ,QGLD :RUOG $FDGHP\ RI 6FLHQFH (QJLQHHULQJ DQG
WHDFKHUVDQGVWXGHQWVDVZHOODVLQFUHDVHHQJDJHPHQWLQFRXUVH 7HFKQRORJ\ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI 6RFLDO %HKDYLRUDO (GXFDWLRQDO
PDWHULDO DQG SURPRWHG WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI LQIRUPDO OHDUQLQJ (FRQRPLF%XVLQHVVDQG,QGXVWULDO(QJLQHHULQJ  
>@ %ODQNHQVKLS0  +RZVRFLDOPHGLDFDQDQGVKRXOGLPSDFWKLJKHU
FRPPXQLWLHV HGXFDWLRQ(GXFDWLRQ'LJHVW±
Open Science Index, Educational and Pedagogical Sciences Vol:13, No:1, 2019 waset.org/Publication/10009918

7KH TXHVWLRQQDLUH UHVXOWV DOVR UHYHDOHG WKDW VWXGHQWV DUH >@ %XUEXOHV 1 &   +RZ ZH XVH DQG DUH XVHG E\ VRFLDO PHGLD LQ
IDPLOLDUZLWKVRFLDOPHGLDWRROVDQGLQGLFDWHGWKDWWKHVWXGHQWV HGXFDWLRQ(GXFDWLRQDO7KHRU\  GRLHGWK
>@ &ROHPDQ9  µ6RFLDOPHGLDDVDSULPDU\VRXUFHDFRPLQJRIDJH¶
DUH DWWDFKHG WR WKH WHFKQRORJ\ LQ WKHLU KDQGV ,W LV SHUKDSV LQ ('8&$86( 5HYLHZ RQOLQH  $YDLODEOH DW
SDUWWKDQNVWRWKLVIDPLOLDULW\WKDWWKHVWXGHQWVVWDUWHGWRHQMR\ KWWSZZZHGXFDXVHHGXHURDUWLFOHVRFLDOPHGLD SULPDU\ 
WKHXVHRIVRFLDOPHGLDLQHGXFDWLRQJLYHQWKDWWKH\OLYHGLQD VRXUFHFRPLQJDJH
>@ 'LFNLH 9 $  0HLHU +   7KH )DFHERRN WXWRU 1HWZRUNLQJ
ZRUOGRIVRFLDOPHGLDVRPXFKRIWKHWLPH7KHUHIRUHWKH\ILQG HGXFDWLRQ8ELTXLWRXV/HDUQLQJ$Q,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDO  
WKHVH WRROV HDV\ WR GHDO ZLWK HVSHFLDOO\ 7ZLWWHU <RX7XEH >@ +RIIPDQ (   6RFLDO PHGLD DQG OHDUQLQJ HQYLURQPHQWV 6KLIWLQJ
:LNLSHGLD DQG )DFHERRN 2WKHU QLFKH VRFLDO PHGLD SHUVSHFWLYHVRQWKHORFXVRIFRQWURO
>@ ,PODZL-*UHJJ' .DULPL-  6WXGHQWHQJDJHPHQWLQFRXUVH
WHFKQRORJLHV OLNH 6QDSFKDW ,QVWDJUDP DQG 7HOHJUDP PD\ EH EDVHG VRFLDO QHWZRUNV 7KH LPSDFW RI LQVWUXFWRU FUHGLELOLW\ DQG XVH RI
JURZLQJLQSRSXODULW\ZLWKLQVWUXFWRUVIRUSHUVRQDOXVHEXWWKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ&RPSXWHUV (GXFDWLRQ
UHVXOWVLOOXVWUDWHWKDWWKH\DUHQRW\HWEHLQJLQFRUSRUDWHGLQWRWKH >@ -RQHV+ 6ROWUHQ-+  )DFHERRN7KUHDWVWRSULYDF\3URMHFW
FODVVURRPZLWKDVPXFKIUHTXHQF\DV:KDWV$SSDQG<RX7XEH 0$&0,73URMHFWRQ0DWKHPDWLFVDQG&RPSXWLQJ
>@ /HGHUHU .   3URV DQG FRQV RI VRFLDO PHGLD LQ WKH FODVVURRP
7KLVUHVXOWLVLQOLQHZLWKWKHVWXG\RI>S@ZKLFKIRXQG &DPSXV7HFKQRORJ\5HWULHYHGIURPZZZFDPSXVWHFKQRORJ\FRP
WKDW ³WKH WRS WZR VLWHV IRU SHUVRQDO XVH <RX7XEH DQG >@ 0DQFD6 5DQLHUL0  ,VLWDWRROVXLWDEOHIRUOHDUQLQJ"$FULWLFDO
)DFHERRN UHPDLQWKHWRSWZRIRUSURIHVVLRQDOXVH´ UHYLHZRIWKHOLWHUDWXUHRQ)DFHERRNDVDWHFKQRORJ\HQKDQFHGOHDUQLQJ
HQYLURQPHQW-RXUQDORI&RPSXWHU$VVLVWHG/HDUQLQJ  
7KH 6DXGL VWXGHQWV DOVR PHQWLRQHG FHUWDLQ QHJDWLYH >@ 0F/RXJKOLQ &  /HH 0 -   3HUVRQDOLVHG DQG VHOIUHJXODWHG
SHUFHSWLRQVWKH\KHOGRIXVLQJVRFLDOPHGLDWRROVIRUOHDUQLQJ OHDUQLQJ LQ WKH :HE  HUD ,QWHUQDWLRQDO H[HPSODUV RI LQQRYDWLYH
7KHLU FRQFHUQV UHODWHG WR SULYDF\ LVVXHV F\EHUEXOO\LQJ DQG SHGDJRJ\ XVLQJ VRFLDO VRIWZDUH $XVWUDODVLDQ -RXUQDO RI (GXFDWLRQDO
7HFKQRORJ\  
WLPHXVDJH2WKHUFKDOOHQJHVWKDWPRVWRIWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVLQWKLV >@ 5DPEH 3  1HO /   7HFKQRORJLFDO XWRSLD G\VWRSLD DQG
VWXG\ IDFHG ZHUH WKHLU ORZ DZDUHQHVV RI WKH LPSRUWDQFH RI DPELYDOHQFH7HDFKLQJZLWKVRFLDOPHGLDDWD6RXWK$IULFDQXQLYHUVLW\
VRFLDO PHGLD DV D WRRO WR VXSSRUW WKHLU OHDUQLQJ D ODFN RI %ULWLVK -RXUQDO RI (GXFDWLRQDO 7HFKQRORJ\ -RXUQDO RI WKH &RXQFLO IRU
(GXFDWLRQDO 7HFKQRORJ\    ±
LQIRUPDWLRQDERXWKRZWRXVHVRFLDOPHGLDDQGWKHSHUFHLYHG KWWSVGRLRUJEMHW
ODFNRIFRQWURORIHGXFDWRUVRQVRFLDO PHGLDSODWIRUPV6RPH >@ 6HDPDQ -  7LQWL.DQH +   6RFLDO 0HGLD IRU 7HDFKLQJ DQG
RWKHU UHVHUYDWLRQV DQG REVWDFOHV IRXQG LQ WKLV VWXG\ LQFOXGH /HDUQLQJ3HDUVRQ/HDUQLQJ6ROXWLRQVDQGWKH%DEVRQ6XUYH\5HVHDUFK
*URXS RQOLQH  $YDLODEOH DW KWWSZZZ SHDUVRQOHDUQLQJVROXWLRQVFRP
GLIIHULQJ RSLQLRQV DERXW VRFLDO PHGLD¶V UROH LQ WKH KLJKHU DVVHWVGRZQORDGVUHSRUWV VRFLDO PHGLD IRUWHDFKLQJDQG OHDUQLQJ 
HGXFDWLRQHQYLURQPHQWDQGWKHUDWKHULQIRUPDOQDWXUHRIVRFLDO UHSRUWSGI
PHGLD SUHYHQWLQJ WKHLU IXOO DGRSWLRQ DV WRROV IRU OHDUQLQJ >@ 9DQ 'LMFN -   7KH FXOWXUH RI FRQQHFWLYLW\ $ FULWLFDO KLVWRU\ RI
6WXGHQWV VWDWHG WKDW VRPH RI WKHVH SUREOHPV UHODWHG WR WKH VRFLDOPHGLD2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
>@ :DQNHO &   0DQDJHPHQW HGXFDWLRQ XVLQJ VRFLDO PHGLD
WHFKQRORJ\RIWKHZHEDQGWKHEDUULHUVUHODWHGWRWKHKDELWVDQG 2UJDQL]DWLRQ0DQDJHPHQW-RXUQDO  
WKH FXOWXUH RI WKH UHJLRQ VXFK DV ODQJXDJH DQG UHOLJLRXV
UHVHUYDWLRQV $V PRVW VRFLDO PHGLD WRROV GR QRW VXSSRUW WKH
$UDELFODQJXDJHWHDFKHUVUHTXLUHDKLJKOHYHORISURILFLHQF\LQ
WKH (QJOLVK ODQJXDJH 6LPLODUO\ RWKHU EDUULHUV H[SUHVVHG E\
PRVWRIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVLQFOXGHWKHODFNRIDYDLODEOHKLJKVSHHG
,QWHUQHW ODFNRI VPDUWSKRQHV IRU UDSLG DFFHVV WR WKH ,QWHUQHW
ODFN RI WHDFKHU FRQILGHQFH LQ XVLQJ WHFKQRORJ\ VPDOO VFUHHQ
VSDFHV WHFKQLFDO SUREOHPV IHDUV IRU WKH RQOLQH VDIHW\ RI
VWXGHQWV XVLQJ WKHVH VLWHV DQG WKH FRQFHUQ WKDW VWXGHQWV ZLOO
PLVXVH WKHP GXULQJ LQVWUXFWLRQDO WLPH DV ZHOO DV WKH ODFN RI
WHDFKHU DQG VWXGHQW WUDLQLQJ LQ XVLQJ VRFLDO PHGLD WRROV IRU

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 13(1) 2019 31 ISNI:0000000091950263