Scribd
Upload
93 views3 pages

Assignment 2

This document contains an assignment on permutations and combinations from a discrete structures course. It defines permutations as arrangements of objects in a definite order, and gives examples of their uses in mathematics, computer science, physics, and everyday life. Permutations are distinguished from combinations, which are selections of objects without regard to order. The document provides formulas for calculating the number of permutations and combinations. It includes two examples calculating permutations and two examples calculating combinations to illustrate the concepts.

Uploaded by

hassan6936t
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
93 views3 pages

Assignment 2

This document contains an assignment on permutations and combinations from a discrete structures course. It defines permutations as arrangements of objects in a definite order, and gives examples of their uses in mathematics, computer science, physics, and everyday life. Permutations are distinguished from combinations, which are selections of objects without regard to order. The document provides formulas for calculating the number of permutations and combinations. It includes two examples calculating permutations and two examples calculating combinations to illustrate the concepts.

Uploaded by

hassan6936t
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

RIPHAH INTRNATIONAL UNIVERSITY I/14 CAMPUS

NAME: HASSAN ZAHID SAP ID: 54481


COURSE: DISCRETE STUCTURES SECTION: SE1-1

ASSIGNMENT # 02
Q#NO 1: PERMUTAIONS(ARRANGMENTS):
Definition:
A permutation is a number of arrangements of objects in order. The number of permutations in
“r” objects selected in a definite order from “n” distinct objects is denoted by
nP =n! /(n-r)!
r
Uses of permutation in different aspects:
Permutations are used in a variety of fields and have numerous applications. Here are a few
examples:
Mathematics: Permutations are used to determine the number of possible arrangements in a
set when the order of the arrangements matters.
Computer Science: Permutations are used for analysing sorting algorithms.
Quantum Physics: Permutations are used for describing states of particles.
Biology: Permutations are used for describing RNA sequences.
everyday life: permutations are used when the order of things is important. For example, the
combination to a safe is a permutation because the order of the numbers matters. If the order
does not matter, then we use combinations.
In essence, a permutation is an ordered combination. There are two types of permutations:
those where repetition is allowed (such as a lock combination) and those where no repetition
is allowed (for example, the first three people in a running race). The number of permutations
of n distinct objects is n factorial, usually written as n! which means the product of all positive
integers less than or equal to n.
Example:
Example 1:
A club consist of four members how many sample points are in space when three officer, treasures and
president are to be seated in three chairs in committee room
Solution;
Since order of choosing matter.
Total members in club =n= 4
Members to be seated =r= 3
according to formula
nP =n! /(n-r)!
r

4
P3=4! / (4-3)!
=24 so there are 24 ways in which officer, president and treasurer.
Example 2:
License plate begins with three letters, if possible, letters are A, B, C, D, E, then how many permutations are
possible
Solution;
Since order of choosing matter.
Total letters=5
Starting letter r=3

1|Page
according to formula
nP =n! /(n-r)!
r

5
P3=5! / (5-3)!
=60 permutations are possible

Q#NO 2: COMBINATON(SELECTION):
A combination is a number of ways of “r” objects selected without regarding to their order
from a subset of n distinct objects.
nC =n! /(n-r) *r!
r
Uses of combination in different aspects:

Combinations are used in various fields and have numerous applications. Here are a few examples:

Mathematics: Combinations are used to determine the number of possible selections of items from a set
where the order of selection does not matter.
Probability Theory: Combinations are used to calculate the total number of possible outcomes of an event..
Everyday Life: Combinations are used when the order of things is not important. For example, if you were
making a fruit salad with an apple, an orange, and a pear, there are three combinations of two that can be
drawn from this set: an apple and a pear; an apple and an orange; or a pear and an orange.
In essence, a combination is a selection of items from a set that has distinct members, such that the order of
selection does not matter (unlike permutations).
Example 1:
A three persons committee to be formed from a list of four persons how many experiments can be performed
Solution;
Since order of choosing doesn’t matter.
number of persons in a list =n= 4
committee to be formed =r= 3
according to formula
nC =n! /(n-r) *r!
r
4
C3=4! / (4-3) *3!
=4 ways are possible
Example 2:
How many ways are there to select 3 males and 2 females out of 7 males and 5 females
Solution
1 number of ways to select 3 males out of 7 males
n=7; r=3

according to formula
nC =n! /(n-r) *r!
r
7
C3=7! / (7-3) *3!
=35 ways
2 number of ways to select 2 females out of 5 females
n=5; r=2
according to formula
nC =n! /(n-r) *r!
r

5
C2=5! / (5-2) *2!
=10 ways
So, the total number of ways to select males and females is 35*10=350ways

2|Page
The end:

3|Page

You might also like