kmf]gM^^!

$%$(

rfFu'gf/fo0f
gu/kflnsf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfof{no
% g+= j8f sfof{no 5fln·,eQmk'/
# g+= k|b]z,g]kfn

k=;+=M–)&#.&$.$ ldltM–@)&#.!@.)!
r=g++=M–

laifo M—l;kmfl/; ;DaGwdf .

>L lhNnf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no,

eQmk'/ .

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=# a:g] z+vnfn duh' ;d]tn]
ldlt @)&@;fn a}zfv !@,!# ut] / @( ut] cfPsf] ljgf;sf/L e'sDkaf6 xfdLn] cl3 b]lv
vfO{ cfPsf] o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=# sf] vfg]kfgLsf] kfO{knfO{g sl/a @)))
ld6/ ;8sdf kl/ IftL ePsf]n] xfdL :yflgo afl;Gbfx?nfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] Hofb} c;'ljwf eO{ xfn
vfg]kfgL sl/a ! 306f #) ldg]6 vr{ u/L cGoqaf6 vfg]kfgLsf] hf]xf] ug{ afWo ePsf]n]
vfg]kfgLsf] ;d'lrt Joj:yf ug{ vfg]kfgLsf] kf]nL kfO{k @))) ld6/ / @))) ln6/ Ifdtfsf]
vfg]kfgL 6\ofª\sL @ b'O{ yfg cTofjZos ePsf]n] of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg
txfF sfof{nosf] gfpFdf l;kmfl/; u/L kfpF elg o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg k]z
u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf a'em\bf hfg] a'em] ;Dd Joxf]/f dgfl;j ePsf] a'lemPsf] / ;fy} dfly
pNn]lvt of]hgf clt h?/L ePsf]n] pNn]lvt of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' x'g
o;} l;kmfl/; ;fy ;fb/ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
 ========================
=====
/fs]z af;'snf
;+o'Qm j8f ;lra

>L rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf,

rfFu',eQmk'/ .

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=# a:g] z+vnfn duh' ;d]tn]
ldlt @)&@;fn a}zfv !@,!# ut] / @( ut] cfPsf] ljgf;sf/L e'sDkaf6 xfdLn] cl3 b]lv
vfO{ cfPsf] o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=# sf] vfg]kfgLsf] kfO{knfO{g sl/a @)))
ld6/ ;8sdf kl/ IftL ePsf]n] xfdL :yflgo afl;Gbfx?nfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] Hofb} c;'ljwf eO{ xfn
vfg]kfgL sl/a ! 306f #) ldg]6 vr{ u/L cGoqaf6 vfg]kfgLsf] hf]xf] ug{ afWo ePsf]n]
vfg]kfgLsf] ;d'lrt Joj:yf ug{ vfg]kfgLsf] kf]nL kfO{k @))) ld6/ cTofjZos ePsf]n]
of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg txfF sfof{nosf] gfpFdf l;kmfl/; u/L kfpF elg o;
sfof{nodf lgj]bg k]z u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf a'em\bf hfg] a'em] ;Dd Joxf]/f dgfl;j ePsf]
a'lemPsf] / ;fy} dfly pNn]lvt of]hgf clt h?/L ePsf]n] pNn]lvt of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos
Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' x'g o;} l;kmfl/; ;fy ;fb/ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=! a:g] >Lb]jL >]i7n] o;

rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=! l:yt lbk ;/:jtL :s"ndf cWo\og/t ckf· ljBfyL{x? lxF88'n
ug{ Hofb} c;lhnf] ePsf]n] pQm ljBfnodf /x]sf] u|fp08 dd{t ug{ cTofjZos ePsf]n]
cfjZos /sd ljlgof]hg u/L of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ txfF sfof{nosf] gfpFdf l;kmfl/; u/L kfpF elg
o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg k]z u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf a'em\bf hfg] a'em] ;Dd Joxf]/f dgfl;j ePsf]
a'lemPsf] / ;fy} dfly pNn]lvt of]hgf clt h?/L ePsf]n] pNn]lvt of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos
Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' x'g o;} l;kmfl/; ;fy ;fb/ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

========================
=====
/fs]z af;'snf
;+o'Qm j8f ;lra
>L lhNnf lasf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no,
eQmk'/ .

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=! a:g] >Lb]jL >]i7n] ldlt
@)&@;fn a}zfv !@,!# ut] / @( ut] cfPsf] ljgf;sf/L e'sDkaf6 xfdLn] cl3 b]lv
vfO{ cfPsf] o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=! sf] vfg]kfgLsf] kfO{knfO{g IftL
ePsf]n] xfdL :yflgo afl;Gbfx?nfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] Hofb} c;'ljwf eO{ xfn vfg]kfgL sl/a !
306f #) ldg]6 vr{ u/L cGoqaf6 vfg]kfgLsf] hf]xf] ug{ afWo ePsf]n] vfg]kfgLsf] ;d'lrt
Joj:yf ug{ vfg]kfgLsf] kfO{knfO{g dd{t ug{ cTofjZos ePsf]n] cfjZos /sd ljlgof]hg u/L
of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ txfF sfof{nosf] gfpFdf l;kmfl/; u/L kfpF elg o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg k]z
u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf a'em\bf hfg] a'em] ;Dd Joxf]/f dgfl;j ePsf] a'lemPsf] / ;fy} dfly
pNn]lvt of]hgf clt h?/L ePsf]n] pNn]lvt of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' x'g
o;} l;kmfl/; ;fy ;fb/ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

laifo M—rf/ lsNnf v'nfO{ k7fO{Psf] ;DaGwdf .

>L hn>f]t ;ldlt,

eQmk'/ .

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf a[xt lkv]n vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ldlt
@)&#.)!.)@ sf] kq k|fKt eO{ Joxf]/f cjut eof] .pQm kqaf6 cg'/f]w u/L k7fP cg';f/ a[xt
vfg]kfgLn] l8k af]l/· ug{ nfu]sf] :yfg rfFu' lkr ;8saf6 k"j{ tkm{,tn]h'sf] dlGb/ b]lv pQ/
tkm{,gf6]Zj/L k|f=la=hfg] af6f] eGbf klZrd tkm{ / tf/f k|;fb kf}8]nsf] v]t b]lv blIf0f
tkm{,otL rf/ lsNnf leq pQm :yfg kg]{ x'gfn] ;f]xL Joxf]/f hfgsf/Lsf] nflu cg'/f]w
ul/G5 .
 ========================
=====
/fs]z af;'snf
;+o'Qm j8f ;lra

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf /fx'nufpF / u'l;6f/ vfg]kfgL p=;=c=ljgf]b l/;fnn] rfn'

cf=j=@)&@.&# df lgjf{rg If]q ljsf; sf]if cGtu{t o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=!
/fx'nufpF / u'l;6f/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf] nflu /sd ?*,)),))). cf7 nfv dfq ljlgof]hg ePsf]df
pQm of]hgfsf] nu6 O{li6d]6 ubf{ pQm /sdaf6 pQm of]hgf ;DkGg ug{ /sd gk'u ePsf]
b]lvPsf]n] pQm of]hgfsf] nflu gk'u ePsf] /sdsf] Joj:yf ug{ txfF sfof{nosf] gfpFdf
l;kmfl/; kfpF elg o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg k]z u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf a'em\bf hfg] a'em] ;Dd
Joxf]/f dgfl;j ePsf] a'lemPsf] / ;fy} dfly pNn]lvt of]hgf clt h?/L ePsf]n] pNn]lvt
of]hgf ;DkGg ug{ gk'u /sdsf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' x'g l;kmfl/; ;fy ;fb/ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=# a:g] ;"o{ axfb'/ duh'n] ldlt
@)&@;fn a}zfv !@,!# ut] / @( ut] cfPsf] ljgf;sf/L e'sDkaf6 xfdLn] cl3 b]lv
vfO{ cfPsf] o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=# sf] vfg]kfgLsf] d'n cGoq ;/L
xfdL :yflgo afl;Gbfx?nfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] Hofb} c;'ljwf eO{ xfn vfg]kfgL sl/a ! 306f #)
ldg]6 vr{ u/L cGoqaf6 vfg]kfgLsf] hf]xf] ug{ afWo ePsf]n] vfg]kfgLsf] ;d'lrt Joj:yf
ug{ O{gf/ jf 6\o"aj]n lgdf{0f ug{ e'sDk k'glg{df{0f ah]6af6 ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/L
vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug{ txfF sfof{nosf] gfpFdf l;kmfl/; u/L kfpF elg o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg
k]z u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf a'em\bf hfg] a'em] ;Dd Joxf]/f dgfl;j ePsf] a'lemPsf] / ;fy} dfly
pNn]lvt of]hgf clt h?/L ePsf]n] pNn]lvt of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' x'g
o;} l;kmfl/; ;fy ;fb/ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=! lkv]n vfg]kfgL

tyf ;/;kmfO{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] kq k|fKt eO{ Joxf]/f cjut eof] .pQm kqaf6 cg'/f]w u/L
k7fP cg';f/ ldlt @)&@;fn a}zfv !@,!# ut] / @( ut] cfPsf] ljgf;sf/L e'sDkaf6 xfdLn] cl3
b]lv vfO{ cfPsf] o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=! sf] vfg]kfgLsf] d'n cGoq ;/L
xfdL :yflgo afl;Gbfx?nfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] Hofb} c;'ljwf eO{ xfn vfg]kfgL sl/a ! 306f #)
ldg]6 vr{ u/L cGoqaf6 vfg]kfgLsf] hf]xf] ug{ afWo ePsf]n] vfg]kfgLsf] ;d'lrt Joj:yf
ug{ af]l/· u/L vfg]kfgL Joj:yf ug{ lh=cfO{=kfO{k ! O{Grsf] &)) ;ft ;o ld6/ kfO{k tyf
@ s]=le=sf] kDk ;]6 ! cTofjZos ePsf]n] e'sDk k'glg{df{0f ah]6af6 ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/L
vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug{ txfF sfof{nosf] gfpFdf l;kmfl/; u/L kfpF elg o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg
k]z u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf a'em\bf hfg] a'em] ;Dd Joxf]/f dgfl;j ePsf] a'lemPsf] / ;fy} dfly
pNn]lvt of]hgf clt h?/L ePsf]n] pNn]lvt of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' x'g
o;} l;kmfl/; ;fy ;fb/ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

========================
=====
/fs]z af;'snf
;+o'Qm j8f ;lra

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf /fx'nufpF / u'l;6f/ vfg]kfgL p=;=c=ljgf]b l/;fnn] rfn'

cf=j=@)&@.&# df lgjf{rg If]q ljsf; sf]if cGtu{t o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=!
/fx'nufpF / u'l;6f/ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfsf] nflu /sd ?*,)),))).cf7 nfv dfq ljlgof]hg ePsf]df
pQm of]hgfsf] nu6 O{li6d]6 ubf{ pQm /sdaf6 pQm of]hgf ;DkGg ug{ /sd gk'u ePsf]
b]lvPsf]n] pQm of]hgfsf] nflu gk'u ePsf] /sdsf] Joj:yf ug{ txfF sfof{nosf] gfpFdf
l;kmfl/; kfpF elg o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg k]z u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf a'em\bf hfg] a'em] ;Dd
Joxf]/f dgfl;j ePsf] a'lemPsf] / ;fy} dfly pNn]lvt of]hgf clt h?/L ePsf]n] pNn]lvt
of]hgf ;DkGg ug{ gk'u /sd h'6fpg cfjZos Joj:yfsf] nflu ;+l3o dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf;
dGqfno,l;+xb/jf/sf] gfpFdf l;kmfl/; u/L lbg' x'g ;fb/ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

========================
=====
/fs]z af;'snf
;+o'Qm j8f ;lra
 pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf 5fln· u'l8ufpF vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgfsf] k=;
+=)&@.&# r=g+= ^ ldlt @)&#.)!.@# sf] kq k|fKt eO{ Joxf]/f cjut eof] .pQm kqdf
pNn]v u/L k7fP cg';f/ ;fljs 5fln· — $ / % xfn o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=@ / # sf]
sl/a !^) 3/w'/Lsf] sl/a !@)) hgf pkef]Qmfx?n] @)^$ ;fn b]lv vfg]kfgL Joj:yf ub}{ cfPsf]
vfg]kfgL ldlt @)&@;fn a}zfv !@,!# ut] / @( ut] cfPsf] lagf;sf/L e'sDkaf6 IftL
eO{ d'n ;'sL :yflgo afl;Gbfx?nfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] Hofb} c;'ljwf eO{ xfn vfg]kfgL 6\ofª\s/
tyf sl/a ! 306f #) ldg]6 ;do vr{ u/L vfg]kfgLsf] hf]xf] ug{ afWo ePsf]n] /
xfn ;f] ;'ljwf ;d]t gePsf sf/0f vfg]kfgLsf] cGo ljsNksf] ?kdf af]l/· u/L vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf
ug{ cfjZos /sd Joj:yf ldnfpg txfF sfof{nosf] gfpFdf l;kmfl/; u/L kfpF elg o; sfof{nodf
lgj]bg k]z u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf a'em\bf hfg] a'em] ;Dd Joxf]/f dgfl;j ePsf]
a'lemPsf] / ;fy} dfly pNn]lvt of]hgf clt h?/L ePsf]n] pNn]lvt of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos
Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' x'g o;} l;kmfl/; ;fy ;fb/ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=$ l:yt dgsfdgf dlGb/

kl/;/df ;Qn lgdf{0f ug{ cTofjZos ePsf]n] pQm of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos Joj:yfsf] nflu
txfF sfof{nosf] gfpFdf l;kmfl/; u/L kfpF elg o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg k]z
u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf a'em\bf hfg] a'em] ;Dd Joxf]/f dgfl;j ePsf] a'lemPsf] / ;fy} dfly
pNn]lvt of]hgf clt h?/L ePsf]n] pNn]lvt of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' x'g
o;} l;kmfl/; ;fy ;fb/ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

========================
=====
/fs]z af;'snf
;+o'Qm j8f ;lra
 pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf 5fln· u'l8ufpF vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgfn] o;
cfof]hgfaf6 o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=@ / # sf] sl/a !^) Ps ;o ;f7L 3/w'/Ln] vfO{
cfPsf] vfg]kfgL @)&@;fn a}zfv !@,!# ut] / @( ut] cfPsf] dxfe'sDkaf6 IftL eO{ d'n ;'sL
:yflgo afl;Gbfx?nfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] Hofb} c;'ljwf eO{ xfn vfg]kfgL 6\ofª\s/ tyf sl/a !
306f #) ldg]6 vr{ u/L Jof/]s ;Dd uO{ vfg]kfgLsf] hf]xf] ug{ afWo ePsf]n] / vfg]kfgLsf]
cGo ljsNksf] vf]hL ub}{ hfFbf Pp6f gofF d'n e]l6Psf]n] ;f] d'n ;+/If0f ug{ O{G6]s
lgdf{0f ug{ / ;fy} vfg]kfgL kfO{knfO{g lj5\ofO{ kfgL Nofpgsf] nflu cfjZosf kg]{ !
O{Grsf] Pr=l8=lk=#))) tLg xhf/ dL6/ cfjZos ePsf]df @))) dL6/ kfO{k
pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 vl/b u/L ;s]sf]n] gk'u !))) dL6/ kfO{k ;d]t Joj:yf u/L kfpgsf] nflu txfF
sfof{nosf] gfpFdf l;kmfl/; u/L kfpF elg o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg k]z u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf
a'em\bf hfg] a'em] ;Dd Joxf]/f dgfl;j ePsf] a'lemPsf] / ;fy} dfly pNn]lvt of]hgf clt h?/L
ePsf]n] pNn]lvt of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' x'g o;} l;kmfl/; ;fy ;fb/
cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

========================
=====
/fs]z af;'snf
;+o'Qm j8f ;lra

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=$ a:g] k|B'Dg sfsL{n] ;d]tn]
o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=$ l:yt sbdsf] wf/f] psfnf] 9nfg ug{ cTofjZos ePsf]n]
pQm of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos /sd ?%,)),))).kfFr nfv dfq ljlgof]hg ug{ cfjZos /sd
ljlgof]hg u/L of]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ cfjZos Joj:yfsf] nflu txfF sfof{nosf] gfpFdf l;kmfl/;
u/L kfpF elg o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg k]z u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf a'em\bf hfg] a'em] ;Dd Joxf]/f
dgfl;j ePsf] a'lemPsf] / ;fy} dfly pNn]lvt of]hgf clt h?/L ePsf]n] pNn]lvt of]hgf ;~rfng
ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' x'g o;} l;kmfl/; ;fy ;fb/ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

pk/f]Qm ;DaGwdf o; rfFu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=$ a:g] s[i0f v8\sf ;d]tn] ldlt
@)&@;fn a}zfv !@,!# ut] / @( ut] cfPsf] dxfe'sDkaf6 xfdLn] k':tf} cl3 b]lv
vfO{ cfPsf] vfg]kfgLsf] d'n ;'sL xfdL :yflgo afl;Gbfx?nfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] Hofb} c;'ljwf
eO{ xfn vfg]kfgL 6\ofª\s/ tyf sl/a ! 306f #) ldg]6 vr{ u/L cGoqaf6 vfg]kfgLsf] hf]xf]
ug{ afWo ePsf]n] / vfg]kfgLsf] cGo ljsNksf] vf]hL ub}{ hfFbf Pp6f gofF d'n
e]l6Psf]n] ;f] d'n ;+/If0f ug{ O{G6]s lgdf{0f ug{ / ;fy} vfg]kfgL kfO{knfO{g lj5\
ofO{ kfgL Nofpgsf] nflu cfjZosf kg]{ @)Pd=Pd=sf] Pr=l8=lk=@)) b'O{ ;o dL6/
cfjZos ePsf]n] ;f] pknAw u/L kfpg txfF sfof{nosf] gfpFdf l;kmfl/; u/L kfpF elg o;
sfof{nodf ;+o'Qm lgj]bg k]z u/]sf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf a'em\bf hfg] a'em] ;Dd Joxf]/f dgfl;j
ePsf] a'lemPsf] / ;fy} dfly pNn]lvt of]hgf clt h?/L ePsf]n] pNn]lvt of]hgf ;~rfng
ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfO{ lbg' x'g o;} l;kmfl/; ;fy ;fb/ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .