SECTION 3

Time ----40 minutes

40 questions

Read each passage closely and answer the associated questions. Be sure to choose the
answer that BEST answers the question being asked.

Passage 1
Although the special coloring of moths will hide them from most other insects and
birds that want to eat them, it will not protect them from bats, since bats locate their
prey by hearing rather than by sight. Bats continually make high-pitched noises that
reflect off a moth’s body as echoes. These echoes inform the bats of their prey’s
location, and hunting bats follow these echoes until they find the moth. To protect
themselves from bats, some species of moths have developed defenses based on
sound. These moths have ears that allow them to hear the sounds the bat makes. If the
bat is far enough away, the moth will hear it, but the bat is too far from it to receive
the echo from the moth. The moth can then simply swerve out of the bat’s path. But if
the bat is closer to the moth, the moth is in immediate danger .In order to avoid the
bats by producing high-pitched sounds of their own; the many echoes from these
sounds make it difficult for the bats to find the months.

1. According to the passage, some moths escape from bats by

(A) secreting a substance with a distracting odor.
(B) making their own high-pitched sounds.
(C) hiding in small crevices.
(D) gathering under bright lights.
(E) flying in circles.

2. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about insects and birds
that eat moths?
(A) They hunt by sight rather than sound.
(B) They are confused by the moths’ sounds.
(C) They have no need to protect themselves.
(D) They fly in circles to find the moths.
(E) They are often colorful

3. The sounds bats hear when hunting are

(A) made by the flapping of the moths’ wings.
(B) echoes of the sounds they make themselves.
(C) echoes of the sounds made by the moths.
(D) echoes of the sounds of other bats.
(E) created by the movement of the air and wind.

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4. Moths trying to escape from bats
(A) always fly in the same direction.
(B) may not know in which direction to fly.
(C) do not always use the same strategy.
(D) fly in an orderly pattern.
(E) get as far from the bat as they can.

5. According to the passage, bats and some moths are alike because they rely on
which of the following to help them survive?
(A) Sight
(B) Color
(C) Odor
(D) Sound
(E) Taste

Passage 2
One day, a thirsty fox fell into a well as she was getting a drink of water. She
could not find a way to climb back up. After a short time, a thirsty goat came to the
edge of the well, and seeing the fox below him, he asked if the water was safe to
drink. Thinking quickly, the fox said the water was pure and delicious and suggested
that the goat come down to have a drink. The goat immediately jumped into the well.
After he had enough to drink, he asked the fox how he could get back up and out of
the well. The fox replied, “I have a plan. Put your front legs against the wall, and hold
your horns up. I will climb up your back, onto your horns, and then I will jump out of
the well. Once I’m out, I’ll help you get out.” The goat agreed, and the fox quickly
got out of the well. The goat called out to her: “Oh, Ms. Fox, you said you would help
me get out of the well.” The fox called down to the goat, “Friend, if you had half as
many brains as you have hairs on your chin, you would not have jumped into the well
without first thinking about how you would get out.”

6. The fox told the goat the water was pure and delicious because
(A) she had tasted it and knew that it was good.
(B) she wanted to be kind to the goat.
(C) she was lonely and wanted company.
(D) she was afraid the goat would not drink it if she said it was bad.
(E) she had thought of a plan to get out of the well.

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7. The fox’s last words suggest that she thinks the goat is
(A) angry.
(B) amused.
(C) unintelligent.
(D) clumsy.
(E) uncomfortable.

8. All of the following describe the fox EXCEPT which word?

(A) Clever
(B) Helpful.
(C) Lying.
(D) Inconsiderate.
(E) Selfish.

9. The fox gets out of the well by

(A) climbing up the walls.
(B) jumping out.
(C) using the goat as a ladder.
(D) calling for help until someone comes.
(E) using a rope.

10. The best way to state the lesson the fox’s last words suggest is
(A) think before you act.
(B) take advantage of opportunities.
(C) drink before you get too thirsty.
(D) never trust a fox.
(E) all goats are foolish.

Passage 3
The wealthy hunting societies of Europe at the end of the age of the glaciers did not
have their future under their own control. The environment would determine their
fate, as it would the fate of the animals. But the humans had an advantage the animals
did not. Although people did not notice it, the climate had changed. Summers grew
longer and warmer, ice sheets shrank, and glaciers retreated. Because of the changes
in climate, plant and animals life changed. The mammoth, rhinoceros, and reindeer
disappeared from western Europe, their going perhaps hastened by the human hunters
themselves. On what had been open grassland or tundra with dwarf birch and willow
trees, great forests spread, stocked with the appropriate forest animals-red deer,
aurochs, and wild pigs. Because the great herds of beasts on which they had preyed
disappeared, the economic basis of the hunting societies was cut away. But this
provided a moment when early humans were able to prove their advantage over the
biological specialization of animals: the reindeer found his coat too hot to wear and
had to leave; humans merely took their coats off and readjusted their habits.

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11. The title that best expresses the idea of this passage is
(A) “Humans Conflict With Their Environment.”
(B) “Human Adaptation to Climate Change.”
(C) “Change in Plant and Animal Life”
(D) “Primitive Hunting Tribes.”
(E) “Extinct Prehistoric Animals.”

12. From the context of the passage, “auroch” most likely refers to
(A) the name of one of the hunting societies.
(B) a type of bird.
(C) an animal that left Europe.
(D) an animal that became extinct.
(E) an animal that survived in Europe.

13. The disappearance of certain animals from western Europe was

(A) caused mostly by human hunting.
(B) disastrous to primitive humans.
(C) the direct result of humans’ equipment.
(D) the immediate result of a more advanced culture.
(E) a result of changes in climate.

14. The writer apparently believes that a society’s future course may be determined by
(A) economic abundance.
(B) adapting to changes.
(C) the ambitions of the people.
(D) cultural enrichment.
(E) the clothing worn.

15. In the passage’s last sentence, the word “coat” means

(A) the same thing both times it is used.
(B) different things to different readers.
(C) something different each time it is used.
(D) to cover with a substance.
(E) a thick layer of fur or hair.

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Passage 4
Although eating too much fat has been shown to be harmful, some fat is essential
in the human diet. Fat helps in the absorption of some vitamins, provides our bodies
with insulation, and is a source of energy. And eating some fat in a meal helps people
to feel full for a longer period of time, so they will not want to snack between meals.
But not all fat is healthy. There are two kinds of fat, saturated and unsaturated.
Saturated fat is the kind of fat that is usually solid at room temperature. It is found in
meat and dairy products. This kind of fat is very high in calories, and it raises the
blood cholesterol level. High blood cholesterol can clog the arteries, which may lead
to heart attacks. There are two types of unsaturated fat. One type, called
polyunsaturated, or “essential fatty acid,” is found in fish, sunflower seeds, corn oil,
and walnuts. Some research suggests that essential fatty acids help to prevent heart
disease and aid in healthy brain function and vision. Monounsaturated fat is found in
found in foods like olives, avocados, and peanuts. Diets high in monounsaturated fat
can lower cholesterol levels. However, even though some fat is needed, dietary
guidelines suggest that no more than 30% if calories in a person’s diet should come
from fat.

16. According to the passage, essential fatty acids

(A) can be eaten in unrestricted amounts.
(B) raise the level of cholesterol in the blood.
(C) may aid in having good vision.
(D) lower cholesterol levels.
(E) are found in peanuts.

17. The best title for this passage is

(A) “The Role of Fat”.
(B) “Types of Fat”.
(C) “Food High in Saturated Fat”.
(D) “Why Fat Is Harmful”.
(E) “Benefits of Eating Fat”.

18. Saturated fats could be found in all of the following EXCEPT

(A) a grilled cheese sandwich.
(B) tuna fish salad.
(C) hamburgers and butter.
(D) a pepperoni pizza.
(E) sausages and bacon.

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19. Monounsaturated fat
(A) is an essential fatty acid.
(B) helps to prevent heart disease.
(C) is found in sunflower seeds and walnuts.
(D) can lower cholesterol levels.
(E) is solid at room temperature.

20. According to the passage,

(A) all fats contain the same amount of calories .
(B) monounsaturated fat has the smallest number of calories.
(C) saturated fats are very high in calories.
(D) calories from fat are always harmful.
(E) counting calories is not important.

Passage 5
Beneath the surface of Monterey Bay lies splendor seen only by a lucky few:
Monterey Canyon. Hidden from view by thousands of feet of water, this submarine
chasm possesses steep rocky cliffs and curving geography inhabited by strange and
hard-to-find marine life. West of the Monterey Peninsula, the canyon walls gradually
drop an incredible 7,360 feet-a quarter mile more than the highest cliff of Arizona’s
Grand Canyon.

Monterey Canyon is part of a much larger geologic feature, the Monterey

Canyon System, comparable in size to the 278-mile-long Grand Canyon. The
60-mile-long gorge empties into the gently sloping Monterey Sea Valley. The valley
continues out into the Pacific Ocean for an additional 180 miles until it reaches the
flat Pacific Ocean for plain.

Even at this size, Monterey Canyon is not the world’s largest undersea chasm.
But to marine, at the port of Moss Landing, the head of the canyon is within yards of
the coast. From here, the floor of the canyon begins its gradual descent to a depth of
nearly 8,000 feet.

In the bay’s sunless middle depths, otherworldly creatures drift through the
darkness feeding on the blizzard of organic material, or “marine snow,” from above.
In the canyon itself, dense colonies of clams, tube worms, and bacteria feed on
chemical rich fluids oozing from underwater springs.

Monterey Canyon’s geology is a focus of intense study. Although its geologic

history is understood in its essentials, the details of how it was carved out of the
continental shelf are not yet completely known. When submarine canyons were first
discovered, geologists assumed that they started out as canyons on dry land at a time
when the sea level was lower. Then, according to this theory, the canyons were

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flooded by a rise in sea level. But there was one problem: not all undersea canyons lie
near a river old and powerful enough to have carved such canyons. A bigger, older
knife was needed.

In the 1930s, geologists found a mechanism that could, given enough time, carve
even the grandest undersea canyons: turbidity currents. These are enormously
powerful underwater debris flows, made up of a dense mixture of sea water, rock
debris of various sizes, and fine sediments, They flow down underwater slopes at high
speed, tearing away rocks and sediments. Most geologists believe that turbidity
currents carved undersea canyons as surely as the Colorado River cut the Grand
Canyon.

21. According to the passage, Monterey Canyon is convenient for marine researches
because it is
(A) comparable in size to the Grand Canyon.
(B) close to shore and easy to reach.
(C) the world’s largest undersea canyon.
(D) the focus of intense study
(E) Its geological history is understood in its essence.

22. The main point of paragraph5 is that the original theory of how undersea canyons
were formed
(A) had to be abandoned.
(B) wasn’t old enough.
(C) didn’t explain flooding.
(D) didn’t consider erosion.
(E) was proved right finally.

23. According to the passage, turbidity currents contain all of the following EXCEPT
(A) fine sediments.
(B) rock debris.
(C) chemical rich fluids.
(D) sea water.
(E) More than 180 miles.

24. The “blizzard…of marine snow”

(A) is caused by weather conditions in the atmosphere.
(B) rock debris.
(C) chemical rich fluids.
(D) sea water.
(E) pose a great threat to research.

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25. According to the passage, how deep is the Monterey Canyon?
(A) 7,360.
(B) 60 miles.
(C) 278 miles.
(D) 180 miles.
(E) Not known.

Passage 6
Shut it off, Steiner told himself, and the station wagon was silent. He had pulled
into the driveway without the reality of any of it registering, and now he turned to his
9-year-old, James, in the seat beside him, and saw the boy’s face take on the
expression of odd imbalance that Steiner had noticed for the first time this afternoon.

Steiner got out and James bucked against his seat belt, so Steiner eased back in,
shoving the unruly hair off his forehead, and took hold of the wheel. He was so used
to James being out of the car and heading across the yard the second after he stopped
that he felt dazed. His 7-year-old twin daughters, who were in the rear of the car with
his wife, Jen, were whispering, and Steiner turned to them with a look that meant
“Silence!” Steiner got out again with a heaviness that made him feel that his age, 45,
was the beginning of old age, and that the remorse he’d recently been feeling had a
focus: it was a remorse that he and Jen hadn’t had more children.

As he was driving home, a twin had pulled herself forward from the backseat and
honked the horn while Steiner was in the department store, where he had gone to look
for a shatterproof, full-length mirror and an exercise mat the physical therapist had
recommended. And since James hadn’t spoken for two weeks, the incident had set the
twins to whispering hopefully about James, for most of the long trip.

“I’m sorry,” Steiner said, seeing that he was still the only one outside the car, as
if he had to apologize for being on his feet. He slid back in, brushing aside his hair
again, and began to unbuckle James’s seat belt. The boy stared out the windshield
with a look Steiner couldn’t translate, and, once free, tried to scoot over to the
passenger door by bending his upper body forward and back.

“Take it easy, honey,” Steiner said. Then, he added for the boy and the others, in the
phrase that he’d used since James was an infant, “Here we are home.” Silence Steiner
turned to Jen, who was leaning close, and said, “Do you have his other belt?” she
nodded.

Steiner got out and looked across the top of the station wagon at their aging
house. He hadn’t seen it in two weeks. He’d spent that time at the hospital with
James, first in intensive care, then in a private room, where physical therapists came
and went. At the sight of the white siding that he and James and Jen had scraped and

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repainted at the beginning of the summer, he had to swallow down the loss that he’d
started to feel when he realized he was grieving for a son he might never see again.

The boy’s hair was Steiner’s, and the curls at its edges needed trimming. James’s
eyes were nearly covered by it, Steiner saw, and then they rested on his father with a
dull love.

26. According to the passage, James is

(A) Jen’s stepson.
(B) younger than the twins.
(C) Steiner’s son.
(D) 45 years old.
(E) Jen’s son.
27. Steiner had spent the past two weeks
(A) scraping and repainting the house.
(B) looking for an exercise mat.
(C) in the hospital with James.
(D) not speaking to anyone at all.
(E) Looking James.

28. In the context of the passage, the statement that Steiner is “grieving for a son he
might never see again” most likely means that
(A) his son, James, has died.
(B) he fears James may never recover..
(C) he knows he won’t have more.
(D) his son is in the hospital.
(E) His son was not willing to see him.

29. It can be inferred from the passage that Steiner says, “Here we are home” in order
to
(A) begin a conversation with Jen and the twins.
(B) suggest that James needs help getting out of the car.
(C) explain they have moved to a new house.
(D) restore a feeling of normality to the situation.
(E) Tell the reader where the situation happened.

30. James honked the horn while

(A) Steiner was talking to the physical therapist.
(B) the twins were whispering about him.
(C) Steiner was looking for an exercise mat.
(D) Jen was getting him out of the car.
(E) The twins were looking for an exercise mat.

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31. When in the story does Steiner notice James’s hair needs cutting?
(A) Before Steiner help James out of the car.
(B) While the twins are whispering about him.
(C) When Jen asks him a question.
(D) As Steiner shuts off the car’s engine.
(E) When Jen answers his question.

Passage 7
Carthage, a city on the Tunisian coast of North Africa, originally settled by the
Phoenicians, was a major power of the Mediterranean world in ancient times. Bertold
Brecht summed up seven centuries of its history when he wrote “Great Carthage made
war three times. After the first, she was powerful. After the second, she was rich. After
the third, no one knew where Great Carthage had been.” The last sentence was a slight
exaggeration. The great general Hannibal, who used elephants to cross the Alps in 281
B.C. to start the Second Punic War with Rome (“Punic ”comes from the Roman word
for “Phoenician”), was a well-known figure. Knowing about him was part of Roman
history; the Romans had built a city of their own on the site of Carthage after
defeating it. Roman Carthage was a center of industry, learning, and luxury, arguably
the second greatest city of the Roman Empire, after Rome itself.

In Carthage there had been great libraries of books in the Punic language. Not a
page, not a line, remains. The works of a Carthaginian named Magro, the greatest
writer on agriculture in antiquity, were translated and studied by Roman landowners,
but now even the translations are lost. What remains of the Punic language, a variety
of Phoenician, are mostly grave inscriptions with the names of parents offering
children to a god or a goddess, and some lines of comic dialogues put into the mouths
of Carthaginians merchants and slaves in the work of a Roman playwright.

One consequence is that practically everything we know about the Carthaginians

comes from the Greeks and Romans, who made war on Carthage for centuries. Their
historians naturally tended to present a biased picture of the enemy as cruel and
untrustworthy. But there is no reason to think the people of ancient Carthage were any
more addicted to cruelty than the Romans, who thought nothing of crucifying
prisoners along the public highways and leaving them there till their bones were
picked clean by birds. Some scholars challenge the whole idea that Carthaginians
practiced infant sacrifice, claiming that the charred bones in the urns, when they are
not those of lambs and calves, are of infants who died of natural.

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32. The passage notes that our knowledge of Carthage is incomplete because
Ⅰ. none of the books written by Carthaginians has survived.
Ⅱ. the Roman portrayals of Carthage were inaccurate.
Ⅲ. Magro’s book was only about agriculture.
(A)Ⅰonly.
(B)Ⅱonly.
(C)ⅠandⅡonly.
(D)Ⅰand Ⅲ.
(E) I, II, and III.

33. In the context of the passage, what is the purpose of the statement that the Romans
“thought nothing of crucifying prisoners along the public highways”
(A) The Romans did not practice infant sacrifice.
(B) The Romans were as cruel as the Carthaginians.
(C) The Romans treated the Carthaginians cruelly.
(D) The Romans were even more cruel than the Carthaginians.
(E) The Romans has be familiar this cruel practice.

34. The main idea of the second paragraph is that

(A) the records of the Carthaginians were almost totally destroyed.
(B) the city of Carthage was completely destroyed.
(C) Punic was a form of the Phoenician language.
(D) a Roman playwright preserved the Punic language.
(E) Some translation on the Punic language.

35. Although the author writes that the claim “no one knew where great Carthage had
been” is a “slight exaggeration,” which of the following statements from the
passage best reveals how completely Carthage was destroyed?
(A) The Phoenicians who had settled it no longer lived there.
(B) Hannibal was not a well-known general.
(C) The only remains of the Punic language are grave inscriptions.
(D) The Roman built a new city on the site of Carthage.
(E) The famous playwriting was not found.

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Passage 8
Twas in the merry month of May When green leaves began swelling Young
William on his deathbed lay For love of Barbara Allen.

He sent his men down through the town To the place where she was dwelling “O
hurry to my master dear If you are Barbara Allen.”

Slowly, slowly went she then To the place where William was lying And when she
saw him to him said, “Young man, I think you’re dying.”

He turned his face unto the wall And death with him was dealing “Good-bye,
good-bye, my dear friends all, Be kind to Barbara Allen.”

Slowly, slowly rose she up, And slowly, slowly left him, And sighing said she
could not stay Since death from life had reft him

She had not gone a mile or two When she heard the death bell tolling And every
stroke the death bell sang “Oh woe to Barbara Allen.”

“O mother, mother, make my bed! O make it soft and narrow. Since William died
for me today; I’ll die for him tomorrow.”

36. The story told by this poem takes place in

(A) winter.
(B) spring.
(C) summer.
(D) autumn.
(E) It can not infer from the passage.

37. Paragraph 2 of the poem are spoken by

(A) Young William.
(B) Barbara Allen.
(C) William’s employee.
(D) Barbara’s mother.
(E) William’s friends.

38. The stanza that best demonstrates Barbara Allen’s cruelty is

(A) Stanza 3.
(B) Stanza 4.
(C) Stanza 5.
(D) Stanza 6.
(E) Stanza 5-6.

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39. Barbara Allen will die because she
(A) is extremely ill.
(B) realizes she truly loved William.
(C) recognizes her cruelty caused his death.
(D) hears the death bell ringing for William.
(E) Her beloved William would leave her.

40. The word “reft” most probably

(A) torn.
(B) revived.
(C) freed.
(D) joined.
(E) Cleeved.

STOP
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE THE TIME IS CALLED,
YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY.
DO NOT TURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION IN THIS TEST.

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