jsordtk pkr3

Obgdlb@utrb
 Bgk r.
Klâ! Ju sku b Obgdlb @utrb, `k Ijdtk okg Bgkr.
B gdahb rjlbîïk okg b okzdahb okgjîku oj`k, bda`b
gjadab. @j lâ prb oâ, fbtd gudtk fklk pbrb okastrudr
k quj hkcj ä k gju trbfblhk j b gdahb pbdxïk.
pbdxïk.

@b gdahb prdgjdrb nrb`ubîïk jg brqudtjturb pbrb b

ikrgbîïk jg nbstrkakgdb, ikrbg 2: baks. B vd`b gu`ku
`j rugk. _bç `bs Gdabs Njrbds j gj vd bpbdxkab`b pkr _ïk
Ubulk. Okastruç b gdahb ibgçldb j `jd b luz b `kds gjadaks.
Okg b gbtjrad`b`j vjdk b gbturd`b`j, j okg jlb k `jsjck
`j rjbldzbr batdnks skahks. Okzdahbr jrb k gbds ikrtj `jljs.

@jsokfrd ab brtj `j ibzjr fklks k `kg `j jasdab

jasdabr.r.
Gj tkrajd prkijsskrb j bgpldjd b gdahb ârjb `j btubîïk
btrbväs `ks oursks kaldaj. Jstu`k, `jsjavklvk
j okgpbrtdlhk. Ab gdahb fbnbnjg3 k sbfkr `k `koj,
b pbdxïk pkr tjxturbs, b jstätdob `b brqudtjturb j k bpjlk
vdsubl `b iktknrbidb.
i ktknrbidb. Ubrb
Ubrb okgpbrtdlhbr, sjgprj ugb
ibtdb `j fklk.

Jatrjnk b vkoã, ug pkuok `j gdg.

Okg obrdahk,
Obgdlb @utrb.
Ju câ okgjîk bnrb`joja`k b vkoã quj jstâ okg jstj j-fkkm
jg gïks. Ikd okg gudtb `j`dobîïk j obrdahk quj jsorjvd j
iktknrbijd tk`k k okatjó`k pbrb quj jlj ohjnbssj btä vkoã.

K okatjó`k `jstj j-fkkm ä kfcjtdvk j jstâ `dvd`d`k jg odaok

gÿ`ulks. Ob`b ug `jljs okatäg ug fklk okgpljtk3 gbssb,
rjohjdk j okfjrturb. Pu`k ikd pjasb`k pbrb jardqujojr k sju
rjpjrtÿrdk
okgfdabîújs`j rjojdtbs. Ukr dssk, usj j bfusj pbrb ordbr akvbs
`j sbfkrjs.

Bk lkank `j ob`b rjojdtb, vkoã jaokatrbrâ aktbs j `dobs quj

sjrvjg pbrb tj buxdldbr ak prjpbrk. Ä dgpkrtbatj quj vkoã ljdb
tk`bs bs daikrgbîújs batjs `j okgjîbr ob`b jtbpb. Ä jssjaodbl
tbgfäg rjikrîbr b ajojssd`b`j `k usk `j ugb fblbaîb ab
okzdahb. Bs gj`d`bs jg nrbgbs prjvbljojg skfrj bs gj`d`bs-
pb`rïk - xçobrbs j oklhjrjs
oklhjrjs gj`d`krbs.
gj`d`krbs. Ajstj j-fkkm,
j-fkkm, jlbs sïk
fbsjb`bs jg3

2 xçobrb `j ohâ (xdo)3 2 oklhjr `j skpb (os) 2 oklhjr `j ohâ (oo)

Ibzjr ug fklk ljvb tjgpk, sjcb ab jsoklhb `ks danrj`djatjs,

ak prjpbrk `j ob`b ugb `bs jtbpbs, ak tjgpk `j jspjrb
ajojssârdk pbrb quj tu`k jstjcb ak pkatk ojrtk, ab gkatbnjg
ku ab idabldzbîïk. Ukr dssk, rjspjdtj k tjgpk da`dob`k jg ob`b
rjojdtb. Urknrbgj-sj pbrb ibzjr okg oblgb, sj `j`doba`k b `br
k sju gjlhkr.

Zg tÿpdok okgug b tk`ks ks gjus oursks, prjsjaodbds j

kaldaj, quj nkstbrdb `j `jdxbr bqud ä3 okahjîb k sju ikrak!
B tjgpjrbturb da`dob`b jg ob`b rjojdtb j k tjgpk `j prjpbrk
ä ugb gj`d`b bprkxdgb`b, ku sjcb, ugb vbrdâvjl quj `jpja`j
`b oka`dîïk `k sju jqudpbgjatk. Aïk tjahb rjojdk `j ibzjr
pjqujaks bcustjs.

Jspjrk quj vkoã oklhb fkas irutks `j tk`k k okatjó`k quj

prjpbrjd pbrb vkoã. J idob k gju okavdtj pbrb quj vkoã okahjîb
gbds skfrj ks gjus oursks `j fklks ak www.ijdtkokgbgkr.ajt.fr
www.ijdtkokgbgkr.ajt.fr..

Bnkrb, jsoklhb
jsoklhb ugb rjojdtb,
rjojdtb, brrjnbssj bs gbanbs j vjahb fbtjr
ug fklk okgdnk.
_jgprj prjpbrj K rja`dgjatk `k fklk
bs gbssbs j ks da`dob`k abs rjojdtbs
rjohjdks ab väspjrb ljvku jg okasd`jrbîïk
`b gkatbnjg `k fklk. 255n `j fklk pkr
pjsskb. Ubrb fklks
bltks, bs ibtdbs `jvjg
Zsbr `jsgkl`batj sjr gbds jstrjdtbs.
j strjdtbs. Ubrb
ä ugb fkb kpîïk pbrb fklks fbdxks, gbds
uatbr bs ikrgbs, gbs lbrnbs. Bssdg, b
ljgfrj-sj quj jg prkpkrîïk sj gbatäg.
jxojssk, k rjsultb`k
pk`j sjr `jsbstrksk.
B vbld`b`j `bs
gbssbs ä `j : `dbs
Jxpjrdgjatj `jdxbr skf rjirdnjrbîïk ku
bs idtbs `j okok 95 `dbs okanjlb`bs
`jsd`rbtb`bs jg jg irjjzjr.
irjjzj r. _j vkoã
ânub gkrab pbrb usbr ug okanjlb`kr,
quj jlbs idqujg okasd`jrj ?5 `dbs.
gbds ógd`bs j Aïk okanjlj
okanj lj gbssbs
gbodbs. @jpkds, ä sÿ orubs.
jsokrrjr k jxojssk
`j ugd`b`j j usbr
okgk qudsjr. K nbabohj `urb 2:
`dbs rjirdnjrb`k j
pk`j sjr okanjlb`k
K bojtbtk ä
pkr ?5 `dbs.
rjutdldzâvjl. Lbvku,
jstâ akvk.
Ks frdnb`jdrks tãg
Zsj ÿljk `j vbld`b`j `j > `dbs
ndrbsskl, gdlhk ku rjirdnjrb`ks j pk`jg
obaklb. Jvdtj ÿljk sjr okanjlb`ks pkr
`j skcb,
sbfkr pkds `jdxb
rjsd`ubl ab ?5 `dbs.
gbssb.
B njljdb `j `bgbsok
`urb 2: `dbs ab
Obsk kptj pkr njlb`jdrb jg pktj
gbatjdnb okg sbl, hjrgjtdobgjatj
jldgdaj k sbl `b ijohb`k j 95 `dbs
rjojdtb. okanjlb`k.

Okasjrvj k our`
B vbld`b`j `k fklk `j ldgïk pkr > `dbs
gkatb`k ljvb jg
okasd`jrbîïk k tdpk rjirdnjrb`k,
k okanjlj pkrgbs aïk
okatb
`j rjohjdk utdldzb`k. `b njlbtdab.
Zgb rjojdtb pbrb ohbgbr `j sub! Iâodl, prâtdok j gudtk nkstksk,
jstj fklk vbd tj nbahbr ab prdgjdrb nbrib`b. B gbssb ä ógd`b,
k sbfkr `j ohkoklbtj ä ab gj`d`b j k rjohjdk aïk tjg jrrk.
Bidabl `j okatbs, nbabohj gbodk okg gkrbanks irjsoks ä
qubsj uabadgd`b`j.

_dnb tk`k k pbssk-b-pbssk j idquj ldnb`k abs `dobs bk lkank

`b rjojdtb. @jpkds, ä sÿ sjpbrbr ks danrj`djatjs j okrrjr pbrb
b okzdahb. Urjpbrj-sj pbrb ks jlkndks!
▣ jstb gbssb prjodsb
sjr bssb`b jg ikrak
ikrak
fbdxk/frbaok33 2:5 b 295
fbdxk/frbaok
nrbus. Obsk okatrârdk,
vkoã tjrâ ug fklk okg
ug tkpk gudtk bltk j
rbohb`k.
▣ k obiä sklóvjl ä ug
sbfkrdzbatj kpodka
kpodkabl
bl
▣ k obobu jg pÿ 255%
usb`k ab rjojdtb ikd k
abturbl. _ufstdtub pkr
ohkoklbtj jg pÿ :5%
obobu, gbs auaob pkr
bohkoklbtb`k.
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3 Pjgpk `j ikrak3 Ikrgb3
2: gdautks 6:-?: gdautks 6 `j 2: og `j `dægjtrk
x :og `j blturb

▣ 6 kvks gä`dks/255n ▣ 2 xdo + 6 os `j ibrdah

ibrdahbb `j trd
trdnk/
nk/205
205n
n
▣ ¼ xdo
xdo + 2 os `j ÿljk
ÿljk vjnjtb
vjnjtbl/9
l/95n
5n ▣ 2 xdo `j bîóobr gbsobv
gbsobvk/65
k/655n
5n
▣ ¼ xdo
xdo + 2 os `j obobu
obobu jg pÿ/05
pÿ/05n
n ▣ · oo `j ijrgjatk
ijrgjatk jg pÿ/0n
▣ 2 oo `j obiä sklóvjl
sklóvjl/6n
/6n ▣ · oo `j fdobr
fdobrfkabtk/
fkabtk/0n
0n
▣ ▣
6/? xdo `j ljdtj
ljdtj/295n
/295n ¼ oo `j sbl/
sbl/2n
2n

Urä-bqujîb k ikrak b 295 Ydrj b gdsturb `ks lçqud`ks

nrbus (tjgpjrbturb fbdxb). `j ugb vjz ab vbsdlhb `ks
Okrtj `kds `dsoks `j pbpjl- danrj`djatjs sjoks j bnrjnuj
gbatjdnb `k gjsgk `dægjtrk `jvbnbr (aïk ä pbrb fbtjr
`bs ikrgbs. Ikrrj k iua`k b gbssb!)
(aïk ä ajojssârdk
ajojss ârdk uatbr)= Prbasidrb b gbssb
gbss b pbrb bs
Jg ugb vbsdlhb, bnrjnuj ikrgbs prjpbrb`bs (?05n
b ibrdahb `j trdnk, k bîóobr jg ob`b ugb `jlbs) j ljvj
gbsobvk, k ijrgjatk, k dgj`dbtbgjatj bk ikrak
ik rak pkr
fdobrfkabtk
fdobrf kabtk j k sbl. Gdsturj ojrob `j 6: b ?: gdautks=
tu`k okg ug fbtj`kr `j
brbgj (ikujt). Vjsjrvj= Vjtdrj `k ikrak j `jdxj bs
ikrgbs skfrj ugb nrb`j.
Ljvj k ljdtj, k obiä sklóvjl
skló vjl Bssdg quj bgkrabr j vkoã
j k obobu jg pÿ bk okasjnudr pjnbr abs ikrgbs
gdorkka`bs
gdorkka `bs pkr ?5 sjnua`ks
sjnua`ks sjg sj qujdgbr, pbssj ugb
j gdsturj pbrb `dssklvjr. Ykoã ibqudahb abs lbtjrbds j
pk`j ibzjr dssk ak iknk
i knk fbdxk, `jsjaikrgj okg oud`b`k.
oud`b` k.
gbs bokgpbahj `j pjrtk Vjtkraj ks fklks bssb`ks
pbrb aïk ijrvjr. Borjsojatj pbrb b nrb`j j `jdxj
` jdxj jsirdbr
ks kvks j k ÿljk. Gdsturj btä okgpljtbgjatj batjs `j
idobr hkgknãajk= gkatbr k sju fklk.
 ▣ vkoã pk`j
pk`j sbfkrdzb
sbfkrdzbrr k orjgj
orjgj pkrojatbnjg `j nkr`urb
`j ohkoklbtj okg ugb fjfd`b `k orjgj `j ljdtj datjrijrj
blokÿldob `j sub prjijrãaodb.
prjij rãaodb. ak rjsultb`k `k nbabohj
Okasd
Oka sd`jr
`jrj
j 2 os pbr
pbrb
b ob`b
ob`b 055n
055n Fbsdobgjatj3 qubatk gbds
`j nbabohj. ohkoklbtj gbds idrgjzb,
qubatk gbds orjgj `j ljdtj
▣ nbabohj ä ugb gdsturb gbds gbodjz.
sjasçvjl j prjodsb `j tjgpk
tj gpk
pbrb jstbfdldzbr okrrjtbgjatj. ▣ okasd`jrj bprkxdgb`bgjatj
2:5n `j nbabohj pbrb ob`b
▣ b qubatd`b`j `j sÿld`ks `j obgb`b `j rjohjdk. Vjsjrvj
obobu ak ohkoklbtj vjrsus b k rjstbatj pbrb b okfjrturb.

Udquj k ohkoklbtj
ohkok lbtj jg
pj`bîks pjqujaks j `jrrjtb
ak gdorkka`bs `j ?5 jg ?5
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3 sjnua`ks, pbrba`k `urbatj
25-2: gdautks ks datjrvblks pbrb gdsturbr.
Vjpdtb jssj prkojssk btä
k `jrrjtdgjatk okgpljtk
okgpljtk
`k ohkoklbtj=
Pjgpk `j jspjrb
Oklkquj k orjgj `j ljdtj
60h jg tjgpjrbturb bgfdjatj
bgfdjatj
skfrj k ohkoklbtj
ohko klbtj `jrrjtd`k
`jrrjtd`k
j gjxb okg b bcu`b
bcu` b `j ug
ikujt `k ojatrk pbrb bs fkr`bs,
Vja`dgjatk rbspba`k tk`b b lbtjrbl
855n `b tdnjlb=
Oufrb b supjriçodj `k nbabohj
okg plâstdok-idlgj j `jdxj
jstbfdldzbr jg tjgpjrbturb
bgfdjatj `j ug `db pbrb k
kutrk. Vjsjrvj jg tjgpjrbturb
bgfdjatj pbrb b gkatbnjg.
▣ 055n `j ohkoklbtj gjdk
bgbrnk Ajstlä
▣
6 obdxdahbs `j orjgj `j ljdtj
uht 2>% `j nkr`urb/0
nkr`urb/055n
55n
▣ 6 obdxdahbs `j gkrbanks
krnæadoks irjsoks/:55
irjsoks /:55n
n
Hdndjadzj tk`ks ks gkrbanks
okaikrgj krdjatbîïk `b rjojdtb=
_jpbrj ugb qubatd`b`j
qubatd` b`j `j
gkrbanks ibtdb`ks pbrb rjohjbr
‟ `j 6 b ? uad`b`js
u ad`b`js pkr obgb`b=
Vjsjrvj ugb qubatd`b`j `j
gkrbanks pbrb `jokrbr. Okrtj
ob`b gkrbank jg qubtrk pbrtjs
j prjsjrvj bs iklhdahbs vjr`js.
 rj`uz jg fbstbatj b `urbfdld`b`j `j
Bs irutbs irjsobs sïk `jldob`bs j rj`uzjg
ug fklk. Kptj pkr irutbs gbds idrgjs, quj tja`jg b skltbr gjaks ânub.

Hdndjadzj bs irutbs `jdxba`k-bs `j gklhk jg ânub ldgpb okg

qublqujr tdpk `j skluîïk quj okatjahb ânub sbadtârdb ab ikrgulbîïk.
ikrg ulbîïk.
Vjtdrj k prk`utk lbvba`k-bs jg ânub okrrjatj. Zsba`k ug pbpjl-
tkblhb sjquj `jldob`bgjatj ob`b ugb ug b `jlbs j rjtdrj bs iklhbnjas
j bs pbrtjs
pbrtj s `badidob`bs okg k buxçldk `j ugb ibqudahb.

Bs irutbs vjrgjlhbs
vjrgj lhbs sÿ `jvjg sjr hdndjadzb`bs ak gkgjatk quj
ikrjg usb`bs. Jvdtj `jdxâ-lbs câ hdndjadzb`bs `jatrk `b njlb`jdrb.
Okgk jlbs bfskrvjg gudtb ânub, b `urbfdld`b`j okgjîb b rj`uzdr.

Ubrb rjohjbr okg gkrbanks

gkr banks irjsoks, sundrk
sundrk `ubs bltjrabtdvbs3

Okrtbr ob`b gkrbank jg ibtdbs Udobr ks gkrbanks jg

idabs, quj `jvjg sjr bpkdb`bs pj`bîks pjqujaks, oklkobr
skfrj ug pbpjl tkblhb sjok, skfrj ugb pjajdrb nrba`j
tkgba`k k oud`b`k `j aïk j pklvdlhbr bîóobr rjidab`k
skfrjpkr bs ibtdbs. Okfrdr tu`k okg k kfcjtdvk `j jldgdabr
okg kutrk pbpjl tkblhb j k jxojssk `j ânub. @jdxbr ab
bpjrtbr b supjriçodj pbrb rjtdrbr pjajdrb pkr uas 65 gdautks
k jxojssk `j ugd`b`j `b irutb. j usbr ab sjquãaodb..
Zsbr ab sjquãaodb=

▣ bs `ubs täoadobs iuaodkabg fjg, ▣ ugb fkb bltjrabtdvb ä oklkobr

gbs prjidrk b prdgjdrb bltjrabtdvb bs irutbs jg okatbtk okg b
pbrb rj`uzdr k okasugk `j bîóobr. gbssb `k fklk j sÿ `jpkds
okfrdr okg k rjohjdk. @jstb
gbajdrb, b gbssb bfskrvj b
ugd`b`j jxoj`jatj.
 ug b pjqujab qubatd`b`j `k sju
Zg fkg rjoursk ä `dssklvjr ugb
nbabohj okg ânub pbrb ordbr ugb obl`b râpd`b j sbfkrksb.

Ukr jxjgplk3 sjpbrj ug pkuok `k nbabohj (ugb ku `ubs oklhjrjs

`j skpb) j gdsturj okg ânub suidodjatj pbrb kftjr
kftj r ugb obl`b rblb.
_j ikr prjodsk, bqujîb tu`k pbrb okasjnudr gdsturbr fjg. @jdxj
jsirdbr j usj pbrb ugj`jojr bs subs obgb`bs
obg b`bs `j fklks.

Jstb `dob ä prjodksb, pkds ajg sjgprj prjodsbgks prjpbrbr blnk

akvk pbrb ugj`jojr
ugj`joj r bs
bs gbssbs `ks fklks. Fbstb bprkvjdtbr k prÿprdk
rjohjdk j rbljbr okg ânub. Bpldquj okg k buxçldk `j ug pdaojl
`j sdldokaj, sjg jaohbrobr.

Ubrb b gkatbnjg `k fklk, aïk ugj`jod b gbssb, ugb vjz quj

bs obgb`bs jrbg idabs j k rjohjdk orjgksk j ógd`k.
 Vjtdrj b obsqudahb `k tkpk Javklvb k fklk gkatb`k okg
j `dvd`b k fklk jg `kds `dsoks ugb tdrb `j bojtbtk
bo jtbtk iljxçvjl
iljxçvjl j
dnubds usba`k ugb ibob ku ljvj å njlb`jdrb pkr 0 hkrbs**=
advjlb`kr `j fklks. Ykoã tjrâ
qubtrk `dsoks `j fklk `j Vjtdrj k fklk
`jsobrtj `b njlb`jdrb,
b prktjîïk `j bojtbtk
bprkxdgb`bgjatj
bprkxdgb` bgjatj 2,: og
`j jspjssurb= j bpkdj k fklk skfrj ugb
fbdlbrdab ndrbtÿrdb=
Ak prbtk quj sjrâ gkatb`k
k fklk, pbssj ugb idab obgb`b Obsk k rjstbatj `k nbabohj
`j nbabohj j bpkdj k prdgjdrk jstjcb idrgj pbrb jspbtulbr,
`dsok `j gbssb= bqujîb-k ljvjgjatj pbrb
okasjnudr jspblhbr skfrj k
Oklkquj pbrtj `k rjohjdk fklk njlb`k. Zsba`k ugb
`j nbabohj jg ug sbok `j jspâtulb, bpldquj tk`b b
okaijdtjdrk okg fdok pjrlã okfjrturb skfrj k fklk j
`j 2 og `j
` j `dægjtrk j jspblhj uadikrgjgjatj. Ubssj
prjjaohb tk`b b ârjb `k fklk= ugb jspâtulb bldsb`krb skfrj b
okfjrturb, bojrtba`k b lbtjrbl j
@dstrdfub bs ibtdbs `j gkrbank k tkpk=
skfrj
b ârjb k`knbabohj
rjohjdk.btä okfrdr
_undrk tk`b
`jdxbr @jokrj okg ks gkrbanks
2 og `b fkr`b pbrb quj ks irjsoks sjpbrb`ks pbrb b
gkrbanks aïk bpbrjîbg `jokrbîïk, idabldzj okg bs
ab lbtjrbl `k fklk= rbspbs `j ohkoklbtj j
gbatjahb rjirdnjrb`k=
B`dodkaj k sjnua`k `dsok
`j gbssb, oufrb okg k Ak gkgjatk
gkg jatk `j sjrvdr, `jdxj
nbabohj j idabldzj okg ks jg tjgpjrbturb bgfdjatj
bgfdjatj pkr
gkrbanks. _dnb
_dnb k prkojssk
prkojss k 2 hkrb=
btä idabldzbr okg b óltdgb ibtdb
`k fklk=

Vja`j3 2 fklk `j 2,:mn

_jrvj3 26 b 2: ibtdbs
K fklk gkatb`k okg gkrbanks
irjsoks tjg vbld`b`j
vbld`b`j `j 6 `dbs.

*usbr k sbok `j okaijdtbr pbrb `dstrdfudr ks rjohjdks nbrbatj ug rjohjdk `j blturb uadikrgj, k quj vblkrdzb bda`b gbds
b ibtdb `k fklk ak gkgjatk `k okrtj. Zg fklk advjlb`k, okg tk`bs bs obgb`bs prkpkrodkabds, ä sdabl `j oud`b`k ab
gkatbnjg. Ukr dssk, obprdohj!

**vkoã pk`j gkatbr k fklk ab prÿprdb

prÿpr db ikrgb. Fbstb javklvjr tk`b b ârjb okg plâstdok `j usk ouldaârdk j gkatbr bs
obgb`bs okaikrgj jxpldob`k bodgb. Ljvj bk rjirdnjrb`kr `b gjsgb gbajdrb quj jstâ da`dob`k ab rjojdtb.
Zg fklk `j okok okgk `jvj sjr3 sbfkrksk, ógd`k j gbodk.
B uadïk okg k pdstbohj `jdxb k okacuatk `jldodksk j b
okgfdabîïk `j okrjs bda`b gbds jspjodbl. Bidabl `j okatbs,
b njatj okgj prdgjdrk okg ks klhks.

Bprjsjatk b vkoã `ubs kpîújs `j rjohjdk okg pdstbohj3

frdnb`jdrk j nbabohj. K usk `j bgfks ab gkatbnjg ikd bpjabs
pbrb jardqujojr k okatjó`k.

Zgb fkb bltjrabtdvb ä usbr skgjatj k frdnb`jdrk pbrb bs trãs

obgb`bs `j rjohjdk, `jdxba`k k nbabohj pbrb b okfjrturb.
Kutrb pkssdfdld`b`j ä gkatbr k sju fklk okg k nbabohj
ak rjohjdk j ab okfjrturb. @jdxk b jsoklhb pkr sub okatb
j ordbtdvd`b`j.
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3 Pjgpk `j ikrak3 Ikrgb3

65 gdautks ?5-05 gdautks x6 :og

`j 2>`j
ogblturb
`j `dægjtrk

▣ ? kvks gä`dks/255n `j olbrbs + ▣ 6 xdo `j ibrdahb

ibrdahb `j trdnk/605
trdnk/605n
n
:5n `j njgbs
▣ 6oo `j ijrgjatk jg pÿ/8n
▣ 2 2/? xd
xdoo + 6 os `j bîó
bîóob
obrr
rjidab`k/6>5n ▣ ¼ oo `j sbl/
sbl/2n
2n

▣ ¼ xdo
xdo `j ÿljk
ÿljk `j okok/::n ▣ 2 xdo `j ljdtj
ljdtj `j okok/655n
okok/655n

▣ · xdo
xdo + 2 · os `j gba
gbatjd
tjdnb/
nb/265
265n
n

Urä-bqujîb k ikrak b 2>: Vjtdrj b tdnjlb `b fbtj`jdrb

nrbus (tjgpjrbturb gä`db). j bltjraj b b`dîïk `ks
Okrtj `kds `dsoks `j pbpjl- danrj`djatjs sjoks okg k ljdtj
gbatjdnb `k gjsgk `dægjtrk `j okok. Okgjoj okg ks
`bs ikrgbs. Ikrrj k iua`k sjoks, lçqud`k, sjoks, lçqud`k
(aïk ä ajojssârdk
ajojss ârdk uatbr)= j tjrgdaj okg ks sjoks.
Gdsturj okg b jspâtulb pbrb
_jpbrj bs olbrbs `bs njgbs. javklvjr tu`k gudtk fjg,
Vjsjrvj= sjg fbtjr. Vjsjrvj=
Bnrjnuj b ibrdahb `j trdnk, k Jg ugb vbsdlhb ldgpb,
ijrgjatk
ijrgja tk j k sbl. Gdsturj tu`k oklkquj bs olbrbs j fbtb jg
okg ug fbtj`kr `j brbgj vjlkod`b`j fbdxb, bugjatba`k
(ikujt). Vjsjrvj= ab gj`d`b quj jlbs ikrjg
Ab tdnjlb `b fbtj`jdrb, jspugba`k, btä kftjr pdoks
usba`k k fbtj`kr `j gä`dks. @dgdaub b vjlkod`b`j
pâ/rbqujtj
pâ/rb qujtj,, oklkquj 2 xdo `j j pklvdlhj k rjstbatj `k bîóobr
bîóobr/655n, b gbatjdnb j k bks pkuoks. Bugjatj b
ÿljk `j okok. Fbtb btä kftjr vjlkod`b`j j fbtb pkr gbds 6
ug orjgj olbrk j ikik pkr gdautks=
ojrob `j : gdautks.
gdautks . Ydrj bs
njgbs j fbtb bpjabs pbrb
okatdaub 11
hkgknjajdzbr=
 B`dodkaj 2/? `bs olbrbs Vjtdrj `k ikrak j `jdxj
fbtd`bs å gbssb. @jpkds bs ikrgbs
ik rgbs skfrj ugb nrb`j.
`j daokrpkrbr tk`b b gdsturb, Bssdg quj bgkrabr j vkoã
b`dodkaj k rjstbatj okasjnudr pjnbr abs ikrgbs
`bs olbrbs j gjxb sjg sj qujdgbr, pbssj ugb
`jldob`bgjatj.= ibqudahb ab lbtjrbl j
`jsjaikrgj okg oud`b`k.
Prbasidrb b gbssb
gbs sb pbrb
pbrb Vjtkraj ks fklks bssb`ks
bs ikrgbs
ik rgbs prjpbrb`bs (:5:n
(:5:n pbrb b nrb`j j `jdxj
` jdxj jsirdbr
jg ob`b ugb `jlbs) j ljvj okgpljtbgjatj batjs
dgj`dbtbgjatj bk ikrak
i krak `j gkatbr k sju fklk.
prjbqujod`k pkr ojrob `j
?5 b 05 gdautks=

▣ tjgpjrbturb gä`db/rjnulbr3 2>5 ▣ idquj å vkatb`j pbrb sufstdtudr k

b 245 nrbus ÿljk `j okok pkr ÿljk vjnjtbl=
 ▣ rjsjrvj
bprkxdgb`bgjatj
6:5n `j nbabohj
`j pdstbohj pbrb
okfrdr k fklk

Udquj k ohkoklbtj
ohkok lbtj jg
pj`bîks pjqujaks j `jrrjtb
ak gdorkka`bs `j ?5 jg ?5
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3 sjnua`ks, pbrba`k `urbatj
2:-65 gdautks ks datjrvblks pbrb gdsturbr.
Vjpdtb jssj prkojssk btä k
`jrrjtdgjatk okgpljtk `k
ohkoklbtj=
Pjgpk `j jspjrb
60h Gdsturj k orjgj
bk ohkoklbtj `j ljdtj
`jrrjtd`k,
gjxja`k okg b bcu`b
`j ug ikujt `k ojatrk
ojatrk pbrb
bs fkr`bs, rbspba`k tk`b
Vja`dgjatk b lbtjrbl `b tdnjlb=
0:5n
Borjsojatj b pbstb
Borjsojatj
`j pdstbohj j gdsturj
pbrb daokrpkrbr=
Oufrb b supjriçodj `k
nbabohj okg plâstdok-idlgj
?65n `j ohkoklbtj frbaok j `jdxj jstbfdldzbr
js tbfdldzbr jg
▣

tjgpjrbturb bgfdjatj
Ajstlä
`j ug `db pbrb k kutrk.
▣

·
uhtxdo + 6os
2>% `j `j orjgj
orjgj `jnljdtj
nkr`urb/2?5
nkr`urb/2?5nljdtj Vjsjrvj
bgfdjatjjg tjgpjrbturb
pbrb b gkatbnjg.
▣ 6 oo `j pbstb `j pdstbohj/2
pdstbohj/25n
5n
 Jg ugb pbajlb, gdsturj tk`ks
ks danrj`djatjs j ljvj bk iknk
gä`dk=
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3
2:-65 gdautks Yâ tjstba`k k pkatk `k
frdnb`jdrk, ljvbatba`k b
jspâtulb btä quj b gbssb
gbss b obdb
jg flkok, k quj ljvb `j 26 b 2:
gdautks. Aïk `jdxj pbssbr
Vja`dgjatk
::5n `jgbds pbrb aïk pjr`jr b
gbodjz=
Ydrj b gbssb
gbss b jg ug prbtk,
okfrda`k tk`b b supjriçodj okg
plâstdok-idlgj. Vjsjrvj btä k
gkgjatk `j gkatbr k fklk.

▣ 2 lbtb `j ljdtj
oka`jasb`k/?4:n
▣ 2 obdxdahb
ob dxdahb `j orjgj `j ljdtj
uht 2>% `j nkr`ur
nkr`urb/655
b/655nn
▣ · xdo `j pdstboh
pdstbohj
j
trdturb`k/>5n
 Gdsturj tu`k j rjsjrvj.

Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3
? gdautks

▣ b ânub sbfkrd
sbfkrdzb`b
zb`b ä ugb
fkb kpîïk pbrb ugj`jojr
ks `dsoks `j gbssb, auaob
Vja`dgjatk jaohbrobr. Bohk `jsajojssârdk
>5n prjpbrbr ugb obl`b `j bîóobr,
ugb vjz quj k fklk câ ä
suidodjatjgjatj `koj.

▣
2
/? xço `j ânub/>
ânub/>5n
5n
▣ 2 oo `j pbstb
pbstb ku jxtr
jxtrbtk
btk
`j fbuadlhb/0n

▣ 6:5n `k nbabohj
`j pdstbohj
▣ 6 xdo `j idtbs
idtbs `j
`j okok
`jsd`rbtb`k datjnrbl sjg
b`dîïk `j bîóobr/95n
bîóob r/95n

▣ gj`d`b bprkxdgb`b.
B qubatd`b`j `j okok vbd
vbrdbr `j bokr`k okg b
bpldobîïk ab okfjrturb.
_undrk okfrdr skgjatj k
tkpk ku bpldobr skfrj tk`k
k fklk, ak tkpk j lbtjrbds.
 Vjtdrj b obsqudahb `k tkpk Oklkquj b tjrojdrb obgb`b
j okrtj ks fklks bk gjdk `j fklk, ugj`jîb, oufrb
usba`k ugb ibob ku advjlb`kr okg k frdnb`jdrk `j pdstbohj
`j fklks. Ykoã tjrâ qubtrk j idabldzj okg b óltdgb obgb`b
`dsoks `j bprkxdgb`bgj
bprkxdgb`bgjatjatj 6 `j fklk=
og `j
` j jspjssurb.
jspjssurb. Gudtk obrdahk
j oud`b`k bk gbausjbr
gbau sjbr jssj
jssj Javklvb k fklk gkatb`k okg
fklk, pkds jlj ä jxtrjgbgjat
jxtrjgbgjatj j ugb tdrb `j bojtbtk
bo jtbtk iljxçvjl
iljxçvjl j
ógd`k j gbodk= ljvj å njlb`jdrb pkr 9 hkrbs**=

Oklkquj pbrtj `k rjohjdk Vjtdrj k fklk `b njlb`jdrb,

`j frdnb`jdrk `j pdstbohj jg `jsobrtj b prktjîïk `j bojtbtk
ug sbok `j okaijdtjdr
okaijdtjdrk
k okg j bpkdj k fklk skfrj ugb
fdok pjrlã
pjrlã `j 2 og `j `dægjtrk.
`dægjtrk. fbdlbrdab ndrbtÿrdb=
Vjpdtb jssj prkojssk pbrb k Obsk k rjstbatj `k nbabohj
nbabohj `j pdstbohj*. Vjsjrvj= `j pdstbohj jstjcb idrgj pbrb
Ak prbtk quj sjrâ gkatb`k jspbtulbr, bqujîb-k ljvjgjatj
k fklk, pbssj ugb idab obgb`b pbrb okasjnudr jspblhbr skfrj
`k nbabohj j bpkdj k prdgjdrk k fklk njlb`k. Ubssj ugb
`dsok `j gbssb= jspâtulb bldsb`krb
b okfjrturb,
o kfjrturb, sk frj
skfrj
bojrtba`k b lbtjrbl
Zgj`jîb k fklk okg k buxçldk j k tkpk=
`j ug pdaojl. Jvdtj gklhbr
bs fkr`bs pbrb quj b ugd`b`j Bpldquj bs idtbs `j okok,
pbssj pbrb bs lbtjrbds `k fklk. ordba`k ugb `jokrbîïk
Oklkquj pbrtj `k rjohjdk jljnbatj j okg b tjxturb
`j frdnb`jdrk `j pdstbohj quj `jsjcbr=
j prjjaohb tk`b b ârjb `k fklk, _drvb b sjnudr.
`jdxba`k 2 og `b fkr`b=
B`dodkaj k sjnua`k `dsok
`j gbssb,
gbs sb, ugj`jîb okg b
ânub `j fbuadlhb j oufrb okg
pbrtj `k nbabohj `j pdstbohj=

Vja`j3 2 fklk `j 2,8mn

_jrvj3 2: b 28 ibtdbs
K fklk gkatb`k tjg vbld`b`j
`j : `dbs.

* usbr k sbok `j okaijdtbr pbrb `dstrdfudr ks rjohjdks nbrbatj ugb obgb`b `j blturb uadikrgj, k quj vblkrdzb bda`b
gbds b ibtdb `k fklk ak gkgjatk `k okrtj. Zg fklk advjlb`k, okg tk`bs bs obgb`bs prkpkrodkabds, ä sdabl `j
oud`b`k ab gkatbnjg. Ukr dssk, obprdohj!

** vkoã pk`j gkatbr k fklk ab prÿprdb ikrgb. Fbstb javklvjr tk`b b ârjb okg plâstdok `j usk ouldaârdk j gkatbr bs
obgb`bs okaikrgj jxpldob`k bodgb. Ljvj bk rjirdnjrb`kr `b gjsgb gbajdrb quj jstâ da`dob`k ab rjojdtb.
Jssb rjojdtb ä ugb `bs gdahbs okgfdabîújs `j sbfkrjs
j okrjs prjijrd`b. B gbssb ä ug obsk `j bgkr batdnk, b bod`jz
`k ldgïk ab gj`d`b j k `ulîkr okg tjxturb bvjlu`b`b
rjsultbg jg ug fklk daordvjlgjatj nkstksk.

Ykoã tjg jg gïks ugb skfrjgjsb rdob jg sbfkr

j tjxturb. Bprkvjdtj bs rjojdtbs sjpbrb`bgjatj pbrb ordbr
akvbs okgfdabîújs. J câ sjpbrj ug tjgpdahk pbrb prjpbrbr
sÿ b gbssb `j ldgïk jg ug obiä `b tbr`j. Urkgjtj quj
gj okavd`b;
▣ tjgpjrbturb gä`db/rjnulbr3
2>5 b 245 nrbus=

▣ jstb gbssb ä gudtk ógd`b

j gbodb. Ubrb ibodldtbr
k gbausjdk, trbfblhj okg
jlb njlb`b.
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3 Pjgpk `j ikrak3 Ikrgb3

2: gdautks ?5-05 gdautks 6x :og

`j 65`j
og `j `dægjtrk
blturb

▣ ? kvks gä`dks/2:5n `j olbrbs ▣ 2 · + 2/? xdo `j bîóobr/?

bîóobr/?:5n
:5n
▣ 2 xdo `j ÿljk vjnjt
vjnjtbl/655
bl/655n
n ▣ 6 + 2/? xdo `j ibrdahb
ibrdahb `j trdnk/
trdnk/685n
685n
▣ 2 xdo
xdo `j ljdtj
ljdtj/6:5n
/6:5n ▣ · oo `j ijrgjatk
ijrgjatk jg pÿ/0n
▣ ? os `j suok `j ldgïk/05n
ldgïk/05n ▣ 2 oo `j fdobr
fdobrfkabtk/
fkabtk/8n
8n
▣
2 oo `j rbspbs
rbspbs `j ldgïk/6
ldgïk/6 n

Urä-bqujîb k ikrak b 2>: Prbasidrb b gbssb

gbs sb pbrb
pbrb
nrbus (tjgpjrbturb gä`db). bs ikrgbs
i krgbs prjpbrb`bs (96:n
Okrtj `kds `dsoks `j pbpjl- jg ob`b ugb `jlbs) j ljvj
gbatjdnb `k gjsgk `dægjtrk dgj`dbtbgjatj
dgj`dbtbgjat j bk ikrak
ik rak pkr
`bs ikrgbs. Ikrrj k iua`k ojrob `j ?5 b 05 gdautks=
(aïk ä ajojssârdk
ajojss ârdk uatbr)= Vjtdrj `k ikrak j `jdxj
Jg ugb vbsdlhb iua`b, bs ikrgbs
ik rgbs skfrj ugb nrb`j.
gdsturj ks kvks datjdrks, Bssdg quj bgkrabr j vkoã
k ÿljk, k ljdtj, k suok `j ldgïk okasjnudr pjnbr abs ikrgbs
j bs rbspbs. Vjsjrvj= sjg sj qujdgbr, pbssj ugb
ibqudahb abs lbtjrbds j
Jg ugb tdnjlb, bnrjnuj `jsjaikrgj okg oud`b`k.
k bîóobr,
bîóob r, b ibrdahb `j trdnk, Vjtkraj ks fklks bssb`ks
k ijrgjatk j k fdobrfkabtk. pbrb b nrb`j j `jdxj
` jdxj jsirdbr
Gdsturj tu`k okg ug fbtj`kr okgpljtbgjatj batjs `j
`j brbgj (ikujt)= gkatbr k sju fklk.
Ydrj b gdsturb `ks lçqud`ks
`j ugb vjz ab vbsdlhb okg
ks danrj`djatjs sjoks j
bnrjnuj `jvbnbr. Aïk
Aïk ä pbrb
fbtjr b gbssb!=
 Jg ugb pbajlb lbrnb, oklkquj
tk`kss ks danrj`djatjs j ljvj
tk`k
bk iknk gä`dk=
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3
2:-65 gdautks Okzdahj k orjgj pkr ojrob
`j 26 b 2: gdautks.
gdautks . Ruba`k
okgjîbr b janrkssbr, vâvâ
tjstba`k k pkatk, ljvbatba`k
b jspâtulb btä quj b gbssb
Pjgpk `j jspjrb
obdb jg flkok=
9h
Ydrj b gbssb
gbss b jg ug prbtk
okfrda`k tk`b b supjriçodj
okg plâstdok-idlgj.
plâstdok -idlgj. Vjsjrvj
btä k gkgjatk `j gkatbr k
Vja`dgjatk
2595n fklk.

▣ k rja`dgjatk `b rjojdtb ä
suidodjatj pbrb rjohjbr k fklk
▣ 6 lbtbs `j ljdtj okg trãs obgb`bs `j orjgj
oka`jasb`k/>45n `j fbuadlhb, obsk kptj pkr
aïk usbr
usbr k our` `j ldgïk.
ldgïk.
▣ 2 obdxdahb
ob dxdahb `j orjgj `j ljdtj Ubrb b gkatbnjg da`dob`b ‟
uht 2>% `j nkr`ur
nkr`urb/655n
b/655n `ubs `j orjgj `j fbuadlhb
▣ 2 xdo `j ljdtj
ljdtj/6:5n
/6:5n pbrb ugb `j our` ‟ skfrbrâ
bprkxdgb`bgjatj 6:5n `k
▣ · xdo `j ljdtj
ljdtj jg pÿ/95n
pÿ/95n orjgj, quj vkoã pk`j usbr
pbrb bokgpbahbr kutrb
ku trb
▣ 2 oo `j pbstb
pbstb ku jxtr
jxtrbtk
btk skfrjgjsb.
`j fbuadlhb/0n
 Hd`rbtj b njlbtdab ab ânub
njlb`b j rjsjrvj=
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3 Jg ugb pbajlb, oklkquj
65-6: gdautks ks kvks datjdrks, bs njgbs,
k bîóobr j k suok `k ldgïk.
Ljvj bk iknk gä`dk btä
janrkssbr=
Pjgpk `j jspjrb @jsldnuj k iknk j borjsojatj
9h b njlbtdab j b gbatjdnb njlb`b
jg oufdahks. Gjxb pbrb
jgulsdkabr=
Ubssj k orjgj bda`b qujatj
Vja`dgjatk pkr ugb pjajdrb idab j oufrb
055n okg plâstdok-idlgj,
plâstdok -idlgj, jaokstba`k
ab supjriçodj `k our`=
Okasjrvj ab njlb`jdrb btä
k gkgjatk `j bpldobr ak fklk.
Batjs `j usâ-lk,
usâ -lk, gdsturj okg
ugb oklhjr b idg `j qujfrbr
▣ 2 oo `j njlbtd
njlbtdab
ab jg
jg pÿ b rjsdstãaodb `k orjgj njlb`k.
daoklkr/:n
▣ 6 os `j ânub njl
njlb`b/6:
b`b/6:n
n
▣ ? kvks nrba`js datjdrks/285n
▣ : uad`b`js `j njgbs/255n
▣ 2 xdo
xdo `j bîóob
bîóobrr rjflab`k/655n ▣ usj kvks irjsoks. Bssdg,
bs njgbs aïk prjodsbg sjr
▣ > os `j suok `j ldgïk
ldgïk pjajdrb`bs
sdodldbak/25:n ▣ sufstdtub gjtb`j
gj tb`j `k ldgïk
▣ : os `j gbatjdnb
gbatjdnb njlb`b/
njlb`b/95n
95n sdodldbak pkr
p kr tbdtd, gbs auaob
b gj`d`b tk`b pbrb jvdtbr
jxojssk `j bod`jz
▣ b gbatjdnb njlb`b `jdxb
k our`
our` gbds uatuk
uatuksk
sk j
orjgksk. Aïk `jdxj `j usbr

▣ tk`b njlbtdab `jvj sjr

hd`rbtb`b jg ânub njlb`b
pbrb quj prjsjrvj bs subs
obrbotjrçstdobs

▣ vkoã sÿ drâ usbr pbrtj `b

qubatd`b`j
qubatd`b `j `j our`
our` pbrb b
gkatbnjg `jstj fklk, ugb
vjz quj sïk `ubs obgb`bs `j
orjgj `j fbuadlhb pbrb ugb
`j our`. Zgb rjojdtb datjdrb ä
suidodjatj pbrb rjohjbr k fklk
okg ? obgb`bs `j our`, obsk
kptj pkr aïk usbr k orjgj
`j fbuadlhb.
 Oklkquj tk`ks ks danrj`djatjs
jg ugb pbajlb j ljvj bk iknk
fbdxk btä okgjîbr b ijrvjr=
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3
25-2: gdautks Zsba`k ug nbrik ku ug
bgbssb`kr `j ljnugjs, bpjrtj
ks gdrtdlks ab pbajlb, `jdx
`jdxba`k-
ba`k-
ks pj`bîu`ks=
Pjgpk `j jspjrb Vj`uzb k iknk j `jdxj
` jdxj okzdahbr
0h jg iknk fbdxk btä rj`uzdr ug
pkuok=
@jsldnuj k iknk j `jdxj jsirdbr.
Gbatjahb ab njlb`jdrb btä k
Vja`dgjatk
225n gkgjatk `j usbr.

▣ bgbssbr ks gdrtdlks
bgbssbr gdrtdlks vbd `jdxbr
`jdxbr
k sju `koj róstdok j okg
pj`bîks `b irutb. Bläg `dssk,
▣ 2 xdo `j gdrtdl
gdrtdlks
ks irj
irjsoks/
soks/26:
26:n
n vbd rjblîbr b okr `k bldgjatk
▣ 6 os `j bîóobr
bîóobr/6:n
/6:n ▣ rjspjdtj k tjgpk da`dob`k ab
rjojdtb j aïk `jdxj tjgpk
▣ ¼ xdo
xdo `j ânub/95n
ânub/95n `jgbds ab pbajlb.
 Cuatj k bîóobr j bs olbrbs
jg ugb tdnjlb j ljvj bk
fbahk-gbrdb, gjxja`k btä
quj k bîóobr sj `dssklvb
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3 okgpljtbgjatj. B gdsturb
gdst urb
25-2: gdautks `jvj btdandr `j 9? btä >6 nrbus
j jstbr ldvrj `j qublqujr
nræaulk `j bîóobr batjs `j
sjr ljvb`b pbrb b fbtj`jdrb=
Fbtb okg k nlkfk jg
Vja`dgjatk vjlkod`b`j bltb btä kftjr
?65n pdoks idrgjs j frdlhbatjs=
Bpldquj dgj`dbtbgjatj
ak fklk okaikrgj b dastruîïk
`b gkatbnjg.

▣ 2 xdo `j bîóobr/6
bîóobr/655n
55n
▣ prjpbrbr k gjrjanuj skgjatj
▣ · xdo
xdo `j olbrbs/26:
olbrbs/26:n
n ak gkgjatk `j okfrdr k fklk

▣ usj olbrbs irjsobs ku

pbstjurdzb`bs

▣ *olbrbs jg tjgpjrbturb
bgfdjatj gkatbg gbds râpd`k

▣ utdldzj utjasçldks ldgpks j ldvrjs

`j nkr`urb
 Vjtdrj b obsqudahb `k tkpk Javklvb k fklk gkatb`k
j `dvd`b k fklk jg `kds `dsoks okg ugb tdrb `j bojtbtk
dnubds usba`k ugb ibob iljxçvjl j ljvj å njlb`jdrb pkr
pkr
ku advjlb`kr `j fklks. Ykoã 9 hkrbs**=
tjrâ qubtrk `dsoks `j fklk Ukuok batjs `j rjtdrbr k
`j bprkxdgb`bgjatj
bprkxdgb `bgjatj 2,: og
`j jspjssurb= fklk `b njlb`jdrb, prjpbrj
prjpbrj
b okfjrturb
o kfjrturb `j gjrjanuj suçîk
Ak prbtk quj sjrâ gkatb`k j sjpbrj k gbîbrdok=
k fklk, pbssj ugb idab obgb`b
`k orjgj `j fbuadlhb j bpkdj Vjtdrj k fklk `b njlb`jdrb,
k prdgjdrk `dsok `j gbssb= `jsobrtj b prktjîïk `j bojtbtk
j bpkdj k fklk skfrj ugb
Oklkquj pbrtj `k rjohjdk fbdlbrdab ndrbtÿrdb=
`j fbuadlhb jg ug sbok `j
okaijdtjdrk okg fdok pjrlã Bpldquj dgj`dbtbgjatj
`j 2 og `j
` j `dægjtrk j k gjrjanuj skfrj k fklk,
prjjaohb tk`b b ârjb `k fklk, jspbtulba`k
jspbtul ba`k j bldsba`k
`jdxba`k 2 og `b fkr`b. b lbtjrbl `k fklk. Oklkquj
Oufrb okg b gjtb`j `k ugb gbdkr qubatd`b`j `j
`koj `j gdrtdlk
gdrtdlkss j jspblhj
jspblhj gjrjanuj ak tkpk j usj
gjrjanuj u sj bs
uadikrgjgjatj= okstbs `j ugb oklhjr pbrb ordbr
ug fkadtk jijdtk `j ka`bs=
B`dodkaj k sjnua`k `dsok
`j gbssb.
gbs sb. Ibîb ugb fbrrjdrb Rujdgj k tkpk okg
okg k orjgj `j fbuadlhb bk k gbîbrdok j sdrvb
rj`kr `j tk`b b gbssb j dgj`dbtbgjatj.
prjjaohb okg pbrtj `k our`
`j ldgïk=
Oufrb okg gbds ugb obgb`b
`j fklk, rjohjdj okg k orjgj ▣ k gjrjanuj `jvj sjr
`j fbuadlhb j oufrb okg utdldzb`k dgj`dbtbgjatj
k `koj `j gdrtdlks. Idabldzj bpÿs k prjpbrk.
okg b óltdgb ibtdb `j fklk=

Vja`j3 2 fklk `j 6,?mn

_jrvj3 28 b 6? ibtdbs
K fklk gkatb`k tjg vbld`b`j
`j ? `dbs.

* usbr k sbok `j okaijdtbr pbrb `dstrdfudr ks rjohjdks nbrbatj ugb obgb`b `j blturb uadikrgj, k quj vblkrdzb bda`b
gbds b ibtdb `k fklk ak gkgjatk `k okrtj. Zg fklk advjlb`k, okg tk`bs bs obgb`bs prkpkrodkabds, ä sdabl `j
oud`b`k ab gkatbnjg. Ukr dssk, obprdohj!

** vkoã pk`j gkatbr k fklk ab prÿprdb ikrgb. Fbstb javklvjr tk`b b ârjb okg plâstdok `j usk ouldaârdk j gkatbr bs
obgb`bs okaikrgj jxpldob`k bodgb. Ljvj bk rjirdnjrb`kr `b gjsgb gbajdrb quj jstâ da`dob`k ab rjojdtb.
Zgb fkb gbssb `j akzjs ä ug okrdanb pbrb tk`ks quj bgbg
ibzjr fklks. Jssb gbssb ljvj j jxtrjgbgjatj sbfkrksb vbd
fjg okg ugb särdj `j okgfdabîújs `j sbfkrjs. @k olâssdok
`koj `j ljdtj, å fbfb `j gkîb ‟ quj tj jasdak ak idabl `jstb
rjojdtb. Yblj b pjab frdaobr j gdsturbr brkgbs j tjxturbs b idg
`j brrbaobr suspdrks ab prdgjdrb ibtdb. Obprdohj!
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3 Pjgpk `j ikrak3 Ikrgb3

65 gdautks ?5-05 gdautks x6 :og

`j 65`j
og `j `dægjtrk
blturb

▣ 0 kvks
k vks gä`dks/20:n `j ▣ 6 xdo `j ibrdahb
ibrdahb `j trdnk/605
trdnk/605n
n
olbrbs + >5n `j njgbs
▣ 6oo `j ijrgjatk jg pÿ/8n
▣ 2 xdo
xdo + ? os `j bîó
bîóobr
obr
rjidab`k/6?5n ▣ ¼ oo `j sbl/
sbl/2n
2n

▣ 2/? xdo
xdo `j ÿljk vjnjtbl
vjnjtbl/>5n
/>5n ▣ 2 oo `j rbspbs
rbspbs `j lbrbacb
lbrbacb/6
/6 n

▣ · xdo
xdo + 2os
2os + 2 · oo `j ▣
2 xdo `j akzjs trdtur
trdturb`bs/2
b`bs/255n
55n
dknurtj/295n

Urä-bqujîb k ikrak b 2>: Zsba`k k nlkfk, oklkquj

nrbus (tjgpjrbturb gä`db). bs olbrbs j fbtb ab fbtj`jdrb.
Okrtj `kds `dsoks `j pbpjl- Okgjoj ab vjlkod`b`j fbdxb
gbatjdnb `k gjsgk `dægjtrk j vâ bugjatba`k
b ugjatba`k ab gj`d`b
`bs ikrgbs. Ikrrj k iua`k quj jlbs ikrjg
i krjg jspugba`k,
(aïk ä ajojssârdk uatbr)= btä kftjr pdoks gä`dks.
@dgdaub b vjlkod`b`j `b
_jpbrj bs olbrbs `bs njgbs. fbtj`jdrb j pklvdlhj
pklvdlhj k bîóobr
bîóo br
Vjsjrvj= bks pkuoks. Bugjatj
Bnrjnuj b ibrdahb `j trdnk, b vjlkod`b`j j fbtb pkr 6
bs akzjs, k ijrgjatk j k sbl. gdautks. Ydrj bs njgbs j
Gdsturj tu`k okg ug fbtj`kr okatdauj fbtja`k pkr gbds
`j brbgj (ikujt). Vjsjrvj= 2 gdautk=
Zsba`k ug rblb`kr `j @dgdaub b vjlkod`b`j
oçtrdoks, prjpbrj bs rbspbs `b fbtj`jdrb j borjsojatj
`b lbrbacb. Vjsjrvj= k ÿljk, k dknurtj j bs rbspbs
`b lbrbacb. Fbtb pkr 2 gdautk=

okatdaub 11
 Okg b fbtj`jdr
fbtj`jdrbb `jsldnb`b, dgj`dbtbgjatj bk ikrak
dgj`dbtbgjatj ik rak pkr
borjsojatj ks danrj`djatjs ojrob `j ?5 b 05 gdautks=
sjoks, pjajdrba`k jg qubtrk
b`dîújs. Ztdldzj ugb jspâtulb Vjtdrj `k ikrak j `jdxj
bs ikrgbs
ik rgbs skfrj ugb nrb`j.
ku ikujt j ibîb
odroulbrjs, gkvdpbrb
gkvdgjat
`j fbdxk gjatksks Bssdg quj bgkrabr j vkoã
odgb j bks pkuoks,
pkuoks , okgk okasjnudr pjnbr abs ikrgbs
sj jstdvjssj javjlkpba`k sjg sj qujdgbr, pbssj
`jldob`bgjatj b gbssb. ugb ibqudahb ab lbtjrbl
Pjahb k oud`b`k `j sjgprj j `jsjaikrgj okg oud`b`k.
rbspbr bs lbtjrbds `b tdnjlb= Vjtkraj ks fklks bssb`ks
pbrb b nrb`j j `jdxj
` jdxj jsirdbr
Prbasidrb b gbssb pbrb bs okgpljtbgjatj batjs `j
ikrgbs prjpbrb`bs (04:n gkatbr k sju fklk.
jg ob`b ugb `jlbs) j ljvj

▣ tjgpjrbturb gä`db/rjnulbr3 2>5 ▣ rbspbs `j lbrbacb sïk kpodkabds

b 245 nrbus=
 Oklkquj tk`ks ks
k s danrj`djatjs
jg ug pbajlb j ljvj bk iknk
gä`dk btä ljvbatbr ijrvurb=
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3
2:-65 gdautks Vj`uzb k iknk j `jdxj
` jdxj
okzdahbr pkr 2: gdautks, ku btä
quj ks `bgbsoks
`b gbsoks jstjcbg
gbodks j ógd`ks=
Pjgpk `j jspjrb @jdxj jsirdbr j prkojssj btä
9h vdrbr ug purã. Vjsirdj btä k
gkgjatk `j rjohjbr k fklk.

Vja`dgjatk
005n
▣ okasd`jrj bprkxdgb`bgjatj
?05n `j njljdb
nj ljdb `j `bgbsok
pbrb ugb obgb`b `j rjohjdk.
Vjsjrvj k rjstbatj pbrb sjrvdr
okg tkrrb`bs ku bokgpbahbr
blnug kutrk prjpbrk.
▣ 2 2/? xd
xdoo `j `bgbsok
`bgbsok sjok
pdob`k/695n
▣
2
xdo `j bîóobr rjida
/? rjidab`k/95
b`k/95n
n
▣ 6 xdo
xdo `j ânub/08
ânub/085n5n
 ▣ 2/6 oo `j obajlb
obajlb/2n
/2n *
▣ 2 orbvk-`b-ça`db
orbvk -`b-ça`db**

* b qubatd`b`j ä ugb sunjstïk j pk`j vbrdbr `j bokr`k

okg k sju pblb`br. Idquj å vkatb`j pbrb ordbr ug gdx
`j jspjodbrdbs quj gbds lhj bnrb`b3 obr`bgkgk, orbvk
jg pÿ, bads-jstrjlb`k...

Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3
2:-65 gdautks

Pjgpk `j jspjrb
9h Jg ugb pbajlb, gdsturj
k ljdtj oka`jasb`k
ok a`jasb`k okg
bs jspjodbrdbs j gjxb fjg.
Borjsojatj k orjgj `j ljdtj
j okzdahj tu`k jg iknk
ik nk gä`dk
Vja`dgjatk btä b gbssb
gbs sb janrkssbr=
janrkssbr=
4:5n
Yâ tjstba`k k pkatk `k
frdnb`jdrk, ljvbatba`k b
jspâtulb btä quj
quj b gbssb
obdb jg flkok, k quj ljvb
`j 25 b 26 gdautks=
▣ 6 lbtbs `j ljdtj Vjtdrj k orbvk-`b-ça`db
orbvk -`b-ça`db j vdrj
oka`jasb`k/>45n k frdnb`jdrk jg ug prbtk,
okfrda`k okg plâstdok-idlgj.
▣ 6 obdxdahb `j orjgj `j ljdtj Vjsjrvj btä k gkgjatk `j
uht 2>% `j nkr`urb/0
nkr`urb/055n
55n gkatbr k fklk*.
▣ 2 pdtb`b `j akz-gksob`b
rblb`b ab hkrb* * rjsjrvj 6>5n `k frdnb`jdrk pbrb utdldzbr ab okfjrturb..
okfjrturb..
 Gdsturj tu`k j rjsjrvj.

Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3
? gdautks

▣ b ânub sbfkrdzb`b
sbfkrdzb`b ä kpodkabl,
kpodkabl,
ugb vjz quj bs obgb`bs `j
fklk sïk idabs. Jlb sjrvj bpjabs
Vja`dgjatk pbrb ugj`jojr ks `dsoks `j
>5n gbssb, auaob jaohbrobr. Bohk
`jsajojssârdk prjpbrbr ugb
obl`b `j bîóobr, ugb vjz quj
k fklk câ ä suidodjatjgjatj `koj.

▣
2
/? xço `j ânub/>
ânub/>5n
5n
▣ 2 oo `j pbstb
pbstb ku jxtr
jxtrbtk
btk
`j fbuadlhb/0n
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3
: gdautks Pjgpk
2h `j jspjrb Vja`dgjatk
:65n

▣ 2 xdo `j frdnb`jd
frdnb`jdrk
rk `j
jspjodbrdbs/6>5n Gdsturj tu`k j gbatjahb
▣ 2 pktj `j ?55n `j orjbg rjirdnjrb`k.
ohjjsj Vjtdrj `b njlb`jdrb j `jdxj ?5
gdautks jg tjgpjr
tjgpjrbturb
bturb
bgfdjatj pbrb okasjnudr
jspbtulbr
jspbtul br okg ibodld`b`j.
ibodld`b`j.

▣ gj`d`b bprkxdgb`b.
B qubatd`b`j `j akzjs vbd
vbrdbr `j bokr`k okg b
▣
2 xdo `j akzj
/? akzjss bpldobîïk ab okfjrturb.
trdturb`bs/05n
 Vjtdrj b obsqudahb `k tkpk frdnb`jdrk `j jspjodbrdbs
j okrtj ks fklks bk gjdk j idabldzj okg b óltdgb obgb`b
usba`k ugb ibob ku advjlb`kr `j fklk=
`j fklks. Ykoã tjrâ qubtrk
`dsoks `j bprkxdgb`bgj
bprkxdgb`bgjatj
atj Javklvb
ugb tdrb k`jfklk gkatb`k
bojtbtk okg
iljxçvjl
iljxçvjl j
2,: og `j jspjssurb=
ljvj å njlb`jdrb pkr 9 hkrbs**=
Oklkquj pbrtj `k rjohjdk
`j frdnb`jdrk `j jspjodbrdbs Vjtdrj k fklk `b njlb`jdrb,
jg ug sbok
sbo k `j okaijdtjdrk okg `jsobrtj b prktjîïk `j bojtbtk
fdok pjrlã
pjrlã `j 2 og `j `dægjtrk.
`dægjtrk. j bpkdj k fklk skfrj ugb
Vjpdtb jssj prkojssk okg b fbdlbrdab ndrbtÿrdb=
njlädb
njlädb `j `bgbsok*. Vjsjrvj
Vjsjrvj== Zsba`k ugb jspâtulb, bpldquj
bpldquj
Ak prbtk quj sjrâ gkatb`k tk`b b okfjrturb `j frdnb`jdrk
k fklk, pbssj ugb idab obgb`b okg orjbg
orjbg ohjjsj
ohjjsj skfrj k
`k frdnb`jdrk j bpkdj k fklk j jspblhj uadikrgjgjatj.
uadikrgjgjatj.
prdgjdrk `dsok `j gbssb= Zsj b fbdlbrdab b sju ibvkr,
ordba`k gkvdgjatks krnæadoks
Zgj`jîb k fklk okg k buxçldk j gkvdgjatba`k b jspâtulb
`j ug pdaojl. Jvdtj gklhbr
gk lhbr bs ldvrjgjatj. Bpkdj bs okstbs
fkr`bs pbrb quj b ugd`b`j aïk `j ugb oklhjr skfrj k tkpk
pbssj pbrb bs lbtjrbds `k fklk= `k fklk j ndrj b fbdlbrdab
rbpd`bgjatj, ikrgba`k
Oklkquj pbrtj `k rjohjdk ug rj`jgkdahk `j ikrb
`j frdnb`jdrk j prjjaohb tk`b pbrb `jatrk.
b ârjb `k fklk, `jdxba`k 2 og
`b fkr`b= Idabldzj okg bs akzjs
trdturb`bs quj ikrbg sjpbrb`bs
B`dodkaj k sjnua`k `dsok pbrb b `jokrbîïk `k fklk,
`j gbssb,
gbs sb, ugj`jîb okg b sjnuda`k k sjatd`k `k
ânub `j fbuadlhb j oufrb okg gkvdgjatk=
b njlädb `j `bgbsok.
`bgbsok. Oklkquj
Oklkquj
b tjrojdrb obgb`b `j fklk, _drvb b sjnudr.
ugj`jîb, oufrb
oufrb okg k

Vja`j3 2 fklk `j 6,0mn

_jrvj3 28 b 60 ibtdbs
K fklk gkatb`k tjg vbld`b`j
`j : `dbs.

* usbr k sbok `j okaijdtbr pbrb `dstrdfudr ks rjohjdks nbrbatj ugb obgb`b `j blturb uadikrgj, k quj vblkrdzb bda`b
gbds b ibtdb `k fklk ak gkgjatk `k okrtj. Zg fklk advjlb`k, okg tk`bs bs obgb`bs prkpkrodkabds, ä sdabl `j
oud`b`k ab gkatbnjg. Ukr dssk, obprdohj!

** vkoã pk`j gkatbr k fklk ab prÿprdb ikrgb. Fbstb javklvjr tk`b b ârjb okg plâstdok `j usk ouldaârdk j gkatbr bs
obgb`bs okaikrgj jxpldob`k bodgb. Ljvj bk rjirdnjrb`kr `b gjsgb gbajdrb quj jstâ da`dob`k ab rjojdtb.
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3 Pjgpk `j jspjrb Vja`dgjatk

65-?5 gdautks 9h ?55n*

▣ 2 xdo `j bîóobr/655n
bîóobr/655n `j ▣ · xdo + 2 os/265n
os/265n `j ljdtj
ljdtj `j
`j okok
bîóobr rjidab`k ▣ > njgbs/265n `j njgbs
▣ ± xdo
xdo + 2 · oo `j ânub
ânub /65
/655n
5n
`j ânub

Oklkquj k bîóobr j b ânub Ykltj b gdsturb bk iknk fbdxk

jg ugb pbajlb. Gjxb pbrb j okzdahj ljatbgjatj btä
`dssklvjr k bîóobr j ldgpj janrkssbr. Aïk `jdxj ijrvjr=
bs lbtjrbds `b pbajlb. _ÿ jatïk
ljvj bk iknk gä`dk btä btdandr Ibîb k tjstj gjrnulhba`k
22? nrbus ku pkatk `j fblb b jspâtulb ak orjgj j rbspj
rbs pj
gklj. Obsk aïk tjahb k `j`k abs okstbs `b jspâtulb.
tjrgðgjtrk, oklkquj ug _j ikrgbr
orjgj aïkug obgdahk
jsokrrjr, j kak
jstâ
pkuok `b obl`b jg ug okpk
okg ânub j gk`jlj
gk` jlj ugb pkatk. Ukatk abpã ä k akgj
fkldahb, quj `jvj sjr gbodb quj sj `â å okrrjtb okoîïk
j iljxçvjl bk tkquj= `j ug orjgj.

Bssdg quj ohjnbr bk pkatk Ydrj k orjgj jg ugb vbsdlhb

`b obl`b, `jsldnuj k iknk j oufrb okg plâstdok-idlgj.
j `jdxj bgkrabr.
b gkrabr. Jaqubatk
Jaqubatk Vjsirdj btä k gkgjatk
gk gjatk `j
dssk, gdsturj bs njgbs okg rjohjbr k fklk.
k ljdtj `j okok=
Ydrj bks pkuoks k orjgj
`j njgbs ab obl`b gkrab,
gjxja`k sjgprj=

* qubatd`b`j sunjrd`b pbrb ugb obgb`b `j rjohjdk. _undrk okgfdabr b fbfb `j gkîb okg b njljdb `j `bgbsok.
@b särdj3 k obsbgjatk pjrijdtk! B krdnjg `b uadïk jatrj k qujdck

j b lâ
@j nkdbfb`b
pbrb oâ,tjvj ks prdgjdrks
b okgfdabîïk `jrjndstrks ak pjrçk`k
sbfkrjs nbahku aïkoklkadbl.
sÿ k
okrbîïk `ks gdajdrks, gbs `j tk`k k pbçs.

K fklk ä `j fbuadlhb, j prjpbrj-sj pbrb sj bpbdxkabr! Ä quj

b gbssb, bläg `j iâodl, ä jokaðgdob j gudtk nkstksb. Jstku pbrb
bpkstbr quj vbd jatrbr pbrb b sub ldstb `j fklks fâsdoks
prjijrd`ks.

K rjohjdk ljvb qujdck rblb`k ab hkrb. Câ b nkdbfb`b jatrb

orjgksb pbrb ljvbatbr k sbfkr. Ab`b `j jxojssks, tu`k
ab gj`d`b.
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3 Pjgpk `j ikrak3 Ikrgb3

65 gdautks ?5-?: gdautks ?x :og

`j 2>`j
ogblturb
`j `dægjtrk

▣ ? kvks gä`dks/2:5n `j olbrbs ▣ 2 xdo ljdtj

ljdtj/605n
/605n
▣ 2 · xdo `j bîóobr rjidab`k/?
rjidab`k/?55n
55n ▣ 6 + ¼ xdo `j ibrdahb
ibrdahb `j
`j trdnk/685n
trdnk/685n
▣ 2 oo `j fbuad
fbuadlhb
lhb/:n
/:n ▣ 6oo `j ijrgjatk jg pÿ/8n
▣
6
/? xdo + 6os `j ÿljk/2
ÿljk/285n
85n ▣ ¼ oo `j sbl/
sbl/2n
2n

Urä-bqujîb k ikrak b 285 Okg b fbtj`jdrb ldnb`b,

nrbus (tjgpjrbturb gä`db). borjsojatj k ÿljk jg idk
Okrtj trãs `dsoks `j pbpjl- j fbtb pkr 2 gdautk pbrb
gbatjdnb `k gjsgk jgulsdkabr=
`dægjtrk `bs ikrgbs. Ikrrj k
iua`k (aïk ä ajojssârdk Vjtdrj b tdnjlb `b fbtj`jdrb
j bltjraj b b`dîïk `ks
uatbr)= danrj`djatjs sjoks,
Zsba`k k nlkfk `b fbtj`jdrb, pjajdrba`k jg jg ? b`dîújs
b `dîújs
fbtb ks kvks datjdrks okg okg k ljdtj. Okgjoj okg
k bîóobr
bîóob r j b fbuadlhb pkr ks sjoks, lçqud`k,
lçqud`k, sjoks,
ojrob `j 25 gdautks jg lçqud`k j tjrgdaj okg ks
vjlkod`b`j gä`db/bltb. sjoks. Gdsturj okg b jspâtulb
Ykoã prjodsb ohjnbr bk pbrb javklvjr tu`k gudtk
pkatk `j idtb, ku sjcb,
s jcb, quba`k fjg, sjg fbtjr=
vkoã ljvbatbr b gdsturb
okg k fbtj`kr, b gbssb Prbasidrb b gbssb
gbs sb pbrb
pbrb
obdrâ ljatbgjatj ikrgba`k bs ikrgbs prjpbrb`bs (?95n
ugb idtb quj ldnb k fbtj`kr jg ob`b ugb `jlbs) j ljvj
å gdsturb ab tdnjlb dgj`dbtbgjatj bk ikrak
i krak
prjbqujod`k pkr ojrob
`j ?5 b ?: gdautks=

okatdaub 11
 Vjtdrj `k ikrak j `jdxj bs `jsjaikrgj okg oud`b`k.
oud`b` k.
ikrgbs skfrj ugb nrb`j. Vjtkraj ks fklks bssb`ks
Bssdg quj bgkrabr j vkoã pbrb b nrb`j j `jdxj
` jdxj jsirdbr
okasjnudr pjnbr
pjnbr abs ikrgbs okgpljtbgjatj batjs
sjg sj qujdgbr,
ibqudahb pbssj
ab lbtjrbl j ugb `j gkatbr k sju fklk.

▣ tjgpjrbturb gä`db/rjnulbr3 ▣ usj j bfusj `jssb gbssb

2>5 b 245 nrbus= fâsdob pbrb ordbr akvks sbfkrjs.
Brkgbtdzbatjs okgk obajlb
jg pÿ j rbspbs `j oçtrdoks
oçtrdoks tdrbg
b sub gbssb `k lunbr okgug.

Jg ugb pbajlb lbrnb, oklkquj

tk`ks ks danrj
danrj`djatjs,
`djatjs, jxojtk
k qujdck rblb`k, j ljvj bk iknk
Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3 gä`dk=
2:-65 gdautks
Okzdahj k orjgj pkr ojrob
`j 26 b 2: gdautks.
gdautks . Ruba`k
okgjîbr b janrkssbr,
janrkssb r, oklkquj
k qujdck rblb`k j okatdauj
Pjgpk `j jspjrb
gdsturba`k. Yâ tjstba`k k
9h pkatk, ljvbatba`k b jspâtulb
btä quj b gbssb obdb jg flkok=
Ydrj b gbssb
gbss b jg ug prbtk,
Vja`dgjatk okfrda`k tk`b b supjriçodj
985n okg plâstdok-idlgj.
plâstdok -idlgj. Vjsjrvj btä
k gkgjatk
gk gjatk `j gkatbr k fklk.

▣ kpîújs `j qujdcks3 pbrgjsïk,

▣ 2 lbtb `j ljdtj gjdb ourb ku gdabs pb`rïk.
oka`jasb`k/?4:n
▣ rblbr ak rblk idak pbrb `dssklvjr
▣ 2 obdxdahb
ob dxdahb `j orjgj `j ljdtj fjg. Aïk usj qujdck rblb`k `j
uht 2>% `j nkr`ur
nkr`urb/655n
b/655n pboktdahk, k rjsultb`k ä ug
orjgj pkrksk `jgbds.
▣
6 xdo `j ljdtj
ljdtj jg pÿ/05n
▣
/? rjsjrvj 285n `k orjgj `j
▣ · xdo
xdo `j ljdtj/
ljdtj/26:n
26:n qujdck pbrb b okfjrturb j
idabldzbîïk
▣ · xdo + 6os `j qujd
qujdck
ck
rblb`k/:5n
 ▣
2 xdo `j nkdbfb
/? nkdbfb`b
`b
orjgksb/255n

Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3
: gdautks
▣ sufstdtub pkr
p kr nkdbfb`b jg
pj`bîks. Fbstb bqujojr
bquj ojr j
`dssklvjr okg ânub btä ikrgbr
ugb obl`b nrkssb. Zsj jg
Vja`dgjatk tjgpjrbturb bgfdjatj.
255n
 ▣ 6 os `j bîóob
bîóobr/6:
r/6:n
n
▣ 9 os `j ânub/4
ânub/45n
5n

Pjgpk `j prjpbrk3

: gdautks

Vja`dgjatk Gdsturj tu`k j ljvj bk iknk

25:n btä ijrvjr. Vjsjrvj.

Oklkquj ug pj`bîk
`j nkdbfb`b jg fbrrb skfrj
ugb tâfub `j okrtj=
▣ Rubatk fbstj `j Bqujîb ugb ibob bidb`b j
nkdbfb`b jg fbrrb okrtj ibtdbs idabs `k `koj.
Vjsjrvj pbrb b gkatbnjg.
 Vjtdrj b obsqudahb `k tkpk j Oufrb k tkpk `k fklk okg k
advjlj ob`b ibtdb usba`k ugb rjstbatj `k orjgj `j qujdck
ibob ku advjlb`kr `j fklks. (bprkxdgb`bgjatj
(bprkxdgb`bgj atj 285n) j
Ykoã tjrâ trãs `dsoks `j advjlj okg ugb jspâtulb=
bprkxdgb`bgjatj
bprkxdgb`bgj atj 6,: og `j
jspjssurb=
Oklkquj pbrtj `k rjohjdk okg ▣ usbr ugb jspâtulb bqujod`b
qujdck jg ug sbok `j bcu`b b bldsbr rjohjdks
okaijdtjdrk
okaijdtjdrk okg fdok
fdok pjrlã `j 2 orjgksks. _j ikr jg dakx fbstb
og `j `dægjtrk. Vjsjrvj= oklkoâ-lb skfrj b ohbgb `k
iknïk. Kutrb kpîïk ä
Ak prbtk quj sjrâ gkatb`k k gjrnulhâ-lb jg ânub qujatj
fklk, pbssj ugb idab obgb`b batjs `j ibzjr b bpldobîïk
`k rjohjdk okg qujdck j bpkdj
k prdgjdrk `dsok `j gbssb=
Zgj`jîb k fklk okg k buxçldk Javklvb k fklk gkatb`k okg
`j ug pdaojl. Jvdtj gklhbr bs ugb tdrb `j bojtbtk
bo jtbtk iljxçvjl
iljxçvjl j
fkr`bs pbrb quj b ugd`b`j aïk ljvj å njlb`jdrb pkr 8 hkrbs**=
pbssj pbrb bs lbtjrbds `k fklk= Vjtdrj k fklk `b njlb`jdrb,
Ibîb ugb fbrrjdrb okg k `jsobrtj b prktjîïk `j bojtbtk
orjgj `j qujdck bk rj`kr `j j bpkdj k fklk skfrj ugb
tk`b b gbssb.
gbss b. Urjjaohb
Urjjaohb b ârjb fbdlbrdab ndrbtÿrdb=
datjrab okg gbds orjgj j, Bqujîb ugb jspâtulb j vâ
usba`k ugb jspâtulb daoldab`b, bldsba`k k rjohjdk bpbrjatj.
bpjrtj ljvjgjatj k rjohjdk Ubssj abs lbtjrbds j ak tkpk
pbrb ordbr ugb fbrrjdrb b idg `j
`j pbrb gjlhkrbr k bobfbgjatk
rjojfjr b obl`b `j nkdbfb`b= `k sjgd
sjgd abm
abmj`=
j`=
@dstrdfub b obl`b `j nkdbfb`b Bpldquj bs ibtdbs `j nkdbfb`b
pkr odgb `k rjohjdk j oklkquj skfrj k tkpk, ordba`k ug
k sjnua`k `dsok `j gbssb. gkvdgjatk krnæadok=
Vjpdtb k prkojssk j idabldzj
okg b óltdgb
ó ltdgb obgb`b `j fklk= _drvb b sjnudr.

Vja`j3 2 fklk `j 2,:mn

_jrvj3 26 b 2: ibtdbs
K fklk gkatb`k tjg vbld`b`j
`j : `dbs.

* usbr k sbok `j okaijdtbr pbrb `dstrdfudr ks rjohjdks nbrbatj ugb obgb`b `j blturb uadikrgj, k quj vblkrdzb bda`b
gbds b ibtdb `k fklk ak gkgjatk `k okrtj. Zg fklk advjlb`k, okg tk`bs bs obgb`bs prkpkrodkabds, ä sdabl `j
oud`b`k ab gkatbnjg. Ukr dssk, obprdohj!

** vkoã pk`j gkatbr k fklk ab prÿprdb ikrgb. Fbstb javklvjr tk`b b ârjb okg plâstdok `j usk ouldaârdk j gkatbr bs
obgb`bs okaikrgj jxpldob`k bodgb. Ljvj bk rjirdnjrb`kr `b gjsgb gbajdrb quj jstâ da`dob`k ab rjojdtb.
K prdgjdrk pbssk câ ikd `b`k! Ykoã tjg jg gïks ug okatjó`k
`j qubld`b`j okg rjojdtbs tjstb`bs pbrb `br k prÿxdgk pbssk3
prjpbrbr ug `ks fklks `jstb sjljîïk `jldodksb.

Rujrk tj okavd`br b sjnudr okgdnk ab brtj `j ibzjr fklks pbrb

bprkiua`br ks sjus okahjodgjatks j bprja`jr bda`b gbds okg
tk`k
tk`ksk`dspkaçvjds
okatjó`k quj câ tjahk
ak gju sdtj. `dspkaçvjl jg sjds oursks kaldaj,

Bokgpbahj k gju trbfblhk btrbväs `k Ijdtk okg Bgkr

abs rj`js3

Eijdtkokg.bgkr

ijdtkokgbgkr.obgdlb`utrb/

www.ijdtkokgbgkr.ajt.fr

ourskEijdtkokgbgkr.ajt.fr

Okatj okgdnk.

Kfrdnb`b pkr tjr ohjnb`k btä bqud.

Okg obrdahk,

Obgdlb @utrb
Vjojdtbs j iktks
Obgdlb @utrb

Urkcjtk nrâidok
Jgpbtdb Ordbtdvb