Chapter 2: Equations of Straight Lines 57

37. Note that L cuts the positive x-axis at A and the (c) Let k be the x-coordinate of R.
positive y-axis at B with OA : OB = 2 : 5. Then the y-coordinate of R is either k + 1 or k  1.
Let (2k , 0) be the coordinates of A. Substitute (k , k + 1) into 4x  3y + 8 = 0.
Then the coordinates of B are (0 , 5k). 4k  3(k + 1) + 8 = 0
0  5k 5 k = 5
Slope of L = =
2k  0 2 Substitute (k , k  1) into 4x  3y + 8 = 0.
The equation of L is
4k  3(k  1) + 8 = 0
5
y  3 =  [x  (1)] k = 11
2
2y  6 = 5x  5 ∴ The coordinates of R are (5 , 4) or

5x + 2y  1 = 0 (11 , 12).
PQ = (6  2) 2  [3  (3)] 2 = 10
38. (a) The equation of PQ is If the coordinates of R are (5 , 4), then
3  ( 3) RS = [2  (5)] 2  [0  (4)] 2 = 5
y  (3) = (x  2)
62
Area of △PQR
3
y + 3 =  (x  2) 1
4 =  PQ  RS
2
4y + 12 = 3x + 6 1
=  10  5
3x + 4y + 6 = 0 2
Substitute y = 0 into 3x + 4y + 6 = 0. = 25
> 20
3x + 4(0) + 6 = 0
If the coordinates of R are (11 , 12), then
3x = 6
x = 2 RS = [2  (11)] 2  [0  (12)]2 = 15
Area of △PQR
∴ The coordinates of S are (2 , 0).
1
3 =  PQ  RS
(b) Slope of PQ =  2
4 1
=  10  15
∵ RS  PQ 2
∴ Slope of RS  slope of PQ = 1 = 75

 3 > 20
Slope of RS     = 1
 4 ∴ The claim is agreed.
4
Slope of RS =
3 Exercise 2B (P.2.35)
The equation of RS is 3
1. Slope =  =3
4 1
y0= [x  (2)] 9
3 x-intercept =  =3
3y = 4x + 8 3
9
4x  3y + 8 = 0 y-intercept =  = 9
1

2 2
2. Slope =  =
3 3
7
x-intercept = 
2
7 7
y-intercept =  =
3 3

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58 Solutions

3. y  3 = 4(x + 1) 8 8
8. y-intercept of L1 =  =
y  3 = 4x + 4 k k
6
4x  y + 7 = 0 y-intercept of L2 =  =2
3
4
Slope =  =4 y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2
1
7 8
=2
x-intercept =  k
4
7 k=4
y-intercept =  =7
1
1 1
9. (a) Slope of L1 =  =
4 4
2
4. y+5= (x  3) 8
3 Slope of L2 = 
k
3y + 15 = 2x + 6
∵ L1 // L2
2x + 3y + 9 = 0 ∴ Slope of L1 = slope of L2
2 1 8
Slope =  =
3 4 k
9 k = 32
x-intercept = 
2
16 16 1
9 (b) y-intercept of L2 =  = =
y-intercept =  = 3 k  32 2
3

5. (a) Slope of L = 2 1
10. (a) Slope of L1 = 
k k
 = 2 9
2 Slope of L2 =  =3
3
k=4
∵ L1  L2
5 5
(b) x-intercept of L =  = ∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = 1
k 4
1
  3 = 1
k
6. (a) y-intercept of L = 3
k=
6
 =3
k 6k 6(3)
(b) x-intercept of L1 =  = = 18
k = 2 1 1
3 3 3
(b) Slope of L =  = =
k 2 2 10
11. (a) y-intercept of L =  =2
6 5
x-intercept of L =  = 2
3 (b) y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L = 2
The equation of L1 is
k
7. x-intercept of L1 =  y = 7x + 2
2
4 7x  y  2 = 0
x-intercept of L2 =  =4
1
x-intercept of L1 = x-intercept of L2
k
 =4
2
k = 8

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 Chapter 2: Equations of Straight Lines 59

12. x-intercept of L2 = x-intercept of L1 7

15. Slope of L1 = 
12 3
= ∵ L2 // L1
3
=4 7
∴ Slope of L2 = slope of L1 = 
The equation of L2 is
3
The equation of L2 is
0  (3)
y  (3) = (x  0) 7
40 y= x+5
3 3
y+3= x
4 3y = 7x + 15
4y + 12 = 3x 7x + 3y  15 = 0
3x  4y  12 = 0
2
16. Slope of L1 = 
2 5
13. (a) Slope of L1 =  =2 ∵ L2  L1
1
4 ∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = 1
Slope of L2 =  =2
2  2
∵ Slope of L1 = slope of L2 Slope of L2     = 1
 5
∴ L1 is parallel to L2 . 5
Slope of L2 =
3 2
(b) Slope of L1 = 
2 The equation of L2 is
2 5
Slope of L2 =  y  0 = [x  (2)]
3 2
∵ Slope of L1  slope of L2 2y = 5x + 10
∴ L1 is not parallel to L2 .
5x  2y + 10 = 0

4 3 3
14. (a) Slope of L1 =  =4 17. Slope of L1 =  =
1 4 4
1 ∵ L2  L1
Slope of L2 =  =1
1
∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = 1
Slope of L1  slope of L2
3
=41 Slope of L2  = 1
4
=4 4
Slope of L2 = 
 1 3
∴ L1 is not perpendicular to L2 . The equation of L2 is
4
5 y  (1) =  [x  (3)]
(b) Slope of L1 =  3
3
4
3 3 y + 1 =  (x + 3)
Slope of L2 =  = 3
5 5
3y + 3 = 4x  12
Slope of L1  slope of L2
5 3 4x + 3y + 15 = 0
= 
3 5
= 1
∴ L1 is perpendicular to L2 .

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60 Solutions

2 2 20. (a) x-intercept of L = 5

18. (a) Slope of L =  =
3 3 15
 = 5
∵ The straight line is parallel to L. a
∴ Slope of the straight line a = 
= slope of L y-intercept of L = 3
2 15
=  =
3 b
The equation of the straight line is b = 5
2 a 3 3
y  (2) = (x  4) (b) Slope of L =  = =
3 b 5 5
3y + 6 = 2x  8
2x  3y  14 = 0 21 21
21. y-intercept of L1 =  =
(b) ∵ The straight line is perpendicular to L. b b
3
∴ Slope of the straight line  slope of L = 1 y-intercept of L2 = 
2
2 y-intercept of L1 = y-intercept of L2
Slope of the straight line 
= 1
3 21 3
3 =
Slope of the straight line =  b 2
2 b = 14
The equation of the straight line is
a
3 Slope of L1 = 
y  1 = (x  2) b
2 7
Slope of L2 = 
2y  2 = 3x + 6 2
3x + 2y  8 = 0 ∵ L1  L2
∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = 1
60 a  7
19. (a) x-intercept of L =  = 12      = 1
5 b  2
∴ The coordinates of A are (12 , 0). 2b
a=
60 7
y-intercept of L =  = 5 2(14)
 12 =
∴ The coordinates of B are (0 , 5). 7
=4
(b) OA = 12  0 = 12
OB = 0  (5) = 5 4
22. (a) Slope of L1 = 
2
AB = (12  0)  [0  (5)] 2 h
5 5
= 13 Slope of L2 =  =
4 4
Perimeter of △OAB ∵ L1  L2
= OA + OB + AB ∴ Slope of L1  slope of L2 = 1
= 12 + 5 + 13 4 5
  = 1
= 30 h 4
h=5
y-intercept of L1 = 8
5k
 = 8
h
5k
=8
5
k=8

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 Chapter 2: Equations of Straight Lines 61

5k 5(8) 1  (2) 1
(b) x-intercept of L1 =  = = 10 25. (a) Slope of AC = =
4 4 1  (3) 4

∴ The coordinates of P are (10 , 0). ∵ BD  AC

∴ Coordinates of the mid-point of PQ ∴ Slope of BD  slope of AC = 1

1
 10  0 0  (8)  Slope of BD  = 1
= ,  4
 2 2 
Slope of BD = 4
= (5 , 4)
Coordinates of the mid-point of AC
  3 1  2 1
23. Substitute (4 , 0) into px + 2y  20 = 0. = , 
 2 2 
p(4) + 2(0)  20 = 0
 3
=  1,  
4p = 20  2
p=5  3
∵ BD passes through   1 ,   .
p 5  2
Slope of AB =  = 
2 2 ∴ The equation of BD is
q q
Slope of AD =  =  3
 10 10 y     = 4[x  (1)]
∵ AB  AD  2
3
∴ Slope of AB  slope of AD = 1 y  = 4x  4
2
5 q
  = 1 2y + 3 = 8x  8
2 10
8x + 2y + 11 = 0
q=4
11
(b) x-intercept of BD = 
8
6  11 
24. (a) Slope of L1 =  =6 ∴ The coordinate s of B are   , 0  .
1  8 
9
y-intercept of L1 =  =9 Let (a , b) be the coordinates of D.
1
(b) ∵ L2  L1 Coordinates of the mid-point of BD
∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = 1 = coordinates of the mid-point of AC
Slope of L2  6 = 1 11
 a
∴ 8 = 1
1 2
Slope of L2 = 
6 11
  a = 2
y-intercept of L2 = y-intercept of L1 = 9 8
5
The equation of L2 is a =
8
1
y = x+ 9 0b 3
6 =
2 2
6y = x + 54
b = 3
x + 6y  54 = 0
 5 
∴ The coordinate s of D are   ,  3  .
 8 

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62 Solutions

4 Substitute (1) into (2).

26. (a) y-intercept of L2 =  =2
2
a  (2a + 5) + 1 = 0
∴ The coordinates of P are (0 , 2).
a  2a  5 + 1 = 0
4
x-intercept of L2 = =4 a = 4
1
∴ The coordinates of R are (4 , 0). When a = 4, b = 2(4) + 5 = 3.
(b) (i) Coordinates of Q = (4  9 , 0) = (5 , 0) ∴ The coordinates of P are (4 , 3).
The equation of L1 is
20 28. (a) x-intercept of L1 = 2
y0= [x  (5)]
0  ( 5) 2
 = 2
2 k
y = (x + 5)
5 k=1
5y = 2x + 10 k 1
(b) Slope of L1 =  = 
2x  5y + 10 = 0 5 5
∵ L2 // L1
2 2
(ii) Slope of L1 =  = 1
5 5 ∴ Slope of L2 = slope of L1 = 
5
tan PQR = slope of L1
The equation of L2 is
2
= 1
5 y = x+ 2
5
PQR = 21.8, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
5y = x + 10
< 22
x + 5y  10 = 0
∴ The claim is disagreed.
(c) Let (a , b) be the coordinates of R.
Substitute (a , b) into x + 5y  10 = 0.
1
27. (a) Slope of L1 =  a + 5b  10 = 0
2
∵ L2  L1 a = 10  5b ................... (1)
∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = 1 ∵ PR = QR
 1 ∴ (a  2) 2  (b  3) 2 = [a  (1)]2  (b  4) 2
Slope of L2     = 1
 2
(a  2)2 + (b  3)2 = (a + 1)2 + (b  4)2
Slope of L2 = 2
a2  4a + 4 + b2  6b + 9 = a2 + 2a + 1 + b2  8b + 16
The equation of L2 is
6a  2b + 4 = 0
y  3 = 2[x  (1)]
3a  b + 2 = 0 ........ (2)
y  3 = 2x + 2
Substitute (1) into (2).
2x  y + 5 = 0
3(10  5b)  b + 2 = 0
(b) Let (a , b) be the coordinates of P.
30  15b  b + 2 = 0
Substitute (a , b) into 2x  y + 5 = 0.
32 = 16b
2a  b + 5 = 0
b=2
b = 2a + 5 ........................ (1)
When b = 2, a = 10  5(2) = 0.
∵ MP = NP
∴ The coordinates of R are (0 , 2).
∴ [a  (1)]2  (b  3) 2 = (a  2) 2  (b  0) 2
(a + 1)2 + (b  3)2 = (a  2)2 + b2
a2 + 2a + 1 + b2  6b + 9 = a2  4a + 4 + b2
6a  6b + 6 = 0
a  b + 1 = 0 ..... (2)

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 Chapter 2: Equations of Straight Lines 63

29. (a) Substitute (6 , k) into 2x  3y = 0. Alternative

26
2(6)  3k = 0 y-intercept of L2 =  = 13
2
3k = 12 ∴ The coordinates of Q are (0 , 13).
k=4 ∵ OM is a median of △OPQ.
2 2
(b) (i) Slope of L1 =  = ∴ M is the mid-point of PQ.
3 3
∵ L2  L1 Note that the height of △OPQ with respect
∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = 1 to the base PQ and the height of △OQM
2 with respect to the base MQ are the same.
slope of L2  = 1
3
Area of △OPQ : area of △OQM
3
Slope of L2 =  = PQ : MQ
2
The equation of L2 is =2:1
3 ∴ Area of △OQM
y  4 =  (x  6)
2 1
=  area of △OPQ
2y  8 = 3x + 18 2
3x + 2y  26 = 0 1 1
=   (6  0)  (13  0)
26 2 2
(ii) y-intercept of L2 =  = 13 = 19.5
2
∴ The coordinates of Q are (0 , 13).
∵ OM is a median of △OPQ. 1 1
30. (a) Slope of L1 =  =
∴ M is the mid-point of PQ. 2 2
∵ L2  L1
 6  0 4  13 
Coordinates of M =  ,  ∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = 1
 2 2 
1
 17  Slope of L2  = 1
= 3 ,  2
 2
Slope of L2 = 2
Let D be a point on the y-axis such that
The equation of L2 is
MD  OQ.
y  8 = 2(x  8)

L2 y y  8 = 2x + 16
2x + y  24 = 0
Q 8
L1 (b) y-intercept of L1 =  =4
2
D M ∴ The coordinates of A are (0 , 4).
24
P x-intercept of L2 =  = 12
2
x ∴ The coordinates of B are (12 , 0).
O
(c) ∵ CM is a median of △ABC.
∴ M is the mid-point of AB.
MD = 3  0 = 3
Coordinates of M
OQ = 13  0 = 13  12  0 0  4 
= , 
Area of △OQM  2 2 
1 = (6 , 2)
=  OQ  MD
2
1
=  13  3
2
= 19.5

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64 Solutions

Let D be a point on the x-axis such that 31. (a) From the figure,
MD  OB. x-intercept of L2 < 0
r
y  <0
L2 1
L1 r>0
∴ r > 0 is true.
C (b) From the figure,
x-intercept of L1 > 0
A q
 >0
M p
q
<0
x p
O D B
q
 p 2 < 0  p2
p
MD = 2  0 = 2 pq < 0
OB = 12  0 = 12 ∴ pq > 1 is not true.

Area of △OBM (c) From the figure,

1 slope of L2 > 0
=  OB  MD
2 1
 >0
1 q
=  12  2
2 1
<0
= 12 q
OA = 4  0 = 4 q<0
Area of △OAB y-intercept of L2 > y-intercept of L1
1 r q
=  OA  OB  > 
2 q 1
1 r
=  4  12 <q
2 q
= 24 r > q2
1 ∴ r > q2 is true.
∴ Area of △OBM =  area of △OAB
2
∴ The area of △OBM is half of the area of
32. (a) From the figure,
△OAB.
y-intercept of L < 0
Alternative
12
∵ CM is a median of △ABC.  <0
n
∴ M is the mid-point of AB. n>0
Note that the height of △OBM with respect to Construct a straight line L1 which passes through

the base BM and the height of △OAB with (3 , 0) and (0 , 6).

respect to the base AB are the same. L1

Area of △OBM : area of △OAB
= BM : AB
=1:2
∴ The area of △OBM is half of the area of
△OAB.

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 Chapter 2: Equations of Straight Lines 65

Slope of L > slope of L1 3 3

34. Slope of AB = slope of L1 =  =
m 6  0 4 4
 >
n 0  ( 3) ∵ A and C lie on the x-axis and B lies on the y-axis.
m
 > 2 ∴ The line OB is one of the altitudes of △ABC and
n
m the orthocentre of △ABC lies on the line OB.
<2
n ∴ The coordinates of that orthocentre are (0 , 8).
m < 2n Let (m , 0) be the coordinates of C and H be the
∴ m < 2n is true.
orthocentre of △ABC.
(b) From the figure,
∵ CH  AB
x-intercept of L < 0
∴ Slope of CH  slope of AB = 1
12
 <0 80 3
m  = 1
m>0 0m 4
x-intercept of L < 3 m=
12 ∴ The coordinates of C are (6 , 0).
 < 3
m
12
>3
m
12 > 3m
m<4
∴ m < 4 is true.
(c) From the figure,
y-intercept of L > 6
12
 > 6
n
12
<6
n
12 < 6n
n>2
∴ n < 2 is not true.

33. (a) y-intercept of L > 0

2k  6
 >0
1
2k  6 > 0
2k > 6
k>3
∴ The required range is k > 3.
2k  6
(b) x-intercept of L = 
k
Since k > 3, we have 2k  6 > 0 and k > 0.
2k  6
∴  <0
k
∴ L does not cut the positive x-axis.

© Oxford University Press 2023