Engineering Drawing Tutorials Sheets Study Notes Nepal

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING DRAWING I
[TUTORIAL SHEETS]
2061
CONTENTS
Sheet No. 1: Technical Lettering 3
Sheet No. 2: Plane Geometrical Construction 5
Sheet No. 3: Descriptive Geometry I 7
Sheet No. 4: Descriptive Geometry II 9
Sheet No. 5: Orthographic Drawings I 15
Sheet No. 6: Orthographic Drawings II 17
Sheet No. 7: Sectional And Auxiliary Views 19
Sheet No. 8: Development Of Surfaces I 21
Sheet No. 9: Development Of Surfaces II 22
Sheet No. 10: Intersection Of Solids 23
Sheet No. 11: Orthographic And Sectional Views 25
Sheet No. 12: Freehand Sketching 26
-2-
SHEET NO: 1
(TECHNICAL LETTERING)
1. Write down alphabets (A to Z) of different size in
• Vertical capital
• Inclined capital
• Vertical small, and
• Inclined small letters.
2. Write down vertical and inclined numerals (0 to 9) and fractions different size.
3. Draw the following lines with 100 mm length
• Visible outline
• Hidden
• Center
• Projection
• Cutting plane
• Break
4. Dimension the following figures. Size may be obtained by measuring the drawing.
Figure T1.4
-3-
20 60 10 25 25
5 S. N. DESCRIPTION QTY. MATERIAL REMARK

5 DRAWN BY
5 ROLL NO NAME OF THE INSTITUTE
5 CHKD BY
10 TITLE
5 SCALE DRG SHEET NO.
5 DATE
5 METRIC SYSTEM
-4-
SHEET NO: 2
(PLANE GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTION)
1. (a) Draw a 50 mm line and trisect it.
(b) Draw an angle of 750 and trisect it.
(c) Draw a line whose length is greater than 50 mm and divide the same into 7 equal
parts and proportionately in the ratio of 1:2:3.
2. (a) Construct a regular hexagon with 66 mm distance across flats.
(b) Construct a regular octagon with 80 mm distance across corners.
(c) Draw a regular pentagon on a circumscribing circle of 60 mm diameter.
3. (a) Draw circular arc of radius 20 mm tangent to two lines which are inclined at 450,
900 and 1200 to each other.
(b) Draw a line AB of any length. Mark a point O at a distance of 25 mm from AB.
With O as a center, draw a circle of 40 mm diameter. Describe another circle (i)
of 20 mm radius, touching circle and AB; (ii) of 35 mm radius, touching AB and
the circle, and including the circle within it.
(d) Draw two horizontal lines 50 mm apart. Locate two points 75 mm apart
horizontally, one on each line. Draw an ogee (reverse) curve tangent to these
lines.
4. Reconstruct the Figure Shown in Figure T2.4 (a) and T2.4 (b).
24
2 × φ 44 3 × φ 26
R23
72
42 30
R2
6
90
R 105 6×φ10
7
R4
R6
64
45°
R
20
φ 60
φ 12 φ 26
39
Figure T2.4 (a) Figure T2.4 (b)
5. Draw an ellipse with major minor axis of 90 mm and 60 mm respectively.
-5-
6. Draw a parabola with double ordinate 100 mm and axis 60 mm.
7. The distances between the focii and between the vertices of a hyperbola are 100 mm
and 60 mm respectively. Construct the hyperbola.
8. Draw a locus of a point on the circumference of a circle of radius 35 mm for one
complete rotation when it rolls on a horizontal surface.
9. Draw an involute of circle having diameter of 50 mm.
10. Draw one turn of a helix of pitch 60 mm on a cylinder of diameter 40 mm.
11. Draw an Archemedian's spiral of one convolution of radius 100 mm.
-6-
SHEET NO: 3
(DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY I)
1. Draw the projections of the following points.
(a) Point A, 25 mm infront of VP and 30 mm above HP.
(b) Point B, 32 mm infront of VP and in the HP.
(c) Point C, 22 mm behind VP and 28 mm above HP.
(d) Point D, 35 mm behind VP and in the HP.
(e) Point E, 28 mm behind VP and 30 mm below HP.
(f) Point F, in the VP and 40 mm below HP.
(g) Point G, 20 mm infront of VP and 25 mm below HP.
(h) Point H, in the VP and HP.
2. Draw the projections of the following lines:
(a) Line AB, 45 mm long, parallel to HP and VP both, when its distance from HP and
VP is 25 mm and 30 mm respectively.
(b) Line CD, 45 mm long, perpendicular to HP and 20 mm away from VP, when one
of its extremities nearer to HP is 10 mm away from the HP.
(c) Line EF, 45 mm long, contained by HP, and perpendicular to VP, when one of its
extremities is 10 mm away from the VP.
(d) Line GH, 50 mm long, parallel to VP and inclined to HP at 300, when one of its
ends is 15 mm from HP and 20 mm from the VP.
(e) Line IJ, 50 mm long, contained by HP and inclined to VP at 450, when one of its
ends is 15 mm from the VP.
(f) Line KL, 40 mm long contained by both the HP and the VP.
3. Draw the projections of the line MN when its end M is 10 mm from HP and 15 mm
from VP and end N is 30 mm from HP and 40 mm from VP. Its end projectors are 40
mm apart.
4. The front view of a line, inclined at 300 to the VP is 65 mm long. Draw the
projections of the line, when it is parallel to and 40 mm above the HP, its one end
being 30 mm in front of the VP.
5. A 90 mm long line is parallel to and 25 mm in front of the VP. Its one end is in the
HP while the other is 50 mm above the HP. Draw its projections and find its
inclination with the HP.
6. A square lamina ABCD, of 25 mm side is parallel to HP and is 10 mm from it. Its
side nearer to VP is parallel to and 10 mm from VP. Draw its projections.
7. A rectangle ABCD 60 mm × 40 mm is parallel to HP with one of its sides inclined at
300 to VP and the end of the side near to VP is 15 mm in front of the VP and 30 mm
above the HP. Draw its projections.
-7-
8. A regular pentagon ABCDE 20 mm side has its corner A in HP and the side CD
parallel to the HP. Draw its projections when its plane is parallel to and 10 mm from
the VP.
9. A square lamina ABCD of 30 mm side is perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP at
450. It rests on its side BC in HP. Draw its projections when corner point C is 12 mm
infront of the VP.
10. A regular pentagon ABCDE, of 25 mm side, has its side BC in HP. Its plane is
perpendicular to the HP and inclined at 450 to the VP. Draw the projections of the
pentagon when its corner nearest to VP is 10 mm from it.
11. Draw the projections of a thin circular sheet of 50 mm diameter and negligible
thickness, when its plane is inclined at 450 to VP and is perpendicular to HP. A point
on it circumference and nearest to the VP is 40 mm away from the HP and 14 mm
from the VP.
-8-
SHEET NO: 4
(DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY II)

1. A line AB 75 mm long is inclined at 450 to the HP and 300 to the VP. Its end B is in
the HP and 40 mm in front of the VP. Draw its projections.
2. Draw the projections of a line AB, 90 mm long, its midpoint M being 50 mm above
the HP and 40 mm in front of the VP. The end A is 20 mm above the HP and 10 mm
in front of the VP.
3. The top view of a 75 mm long line measures 65 mm while the length of its front view
is 50 mm. Its one end is in the HP and 12 mm in front of the VP. Draw the projections
of AB and determine its inclinations with the HP and the VP.
4. A line 65 mm long has its one end 20 mm above the HP and 25 mm in front of the
VP. The other end is 40 mm above the HP and 65 mm in front of the VP. Draw the
projections of the line and determine its inclinations with the HP and the VP.
5. Reproduce the given view of the lines and determine the true lengths using the
auxiliary view method.
27
b' d'
8
7
48 50
5
ax bx cx dx
17
22
25
c
b
a
d
Figure T4 5 (a) Figure T4 5 (b)
-9-
revolution method.
h' i'
f'
30
28
27
e' g' j'
50 28 ix 28
ex fx gx hx jx
6 7
6
6
8
e h j
28
30
35
g i
f
Figure T4.6 (a) Figure T4.6 (b) Figure T4.6 (c)
7. Determine the shortest distance between the point C and line AB.
8. Reproduce the given views of the plane and draw the view showing the true size and
shape.
c' b'/c'
b' c'
26
54
25
46
a' 26 a'
22 26
10
31 45 37
13
ax cx bx 12 b
13
13
b
8
38
a
38
24
25
48
53
b a a
c c c
Figure T4.7 Figure T4.8 (a) Figure T4.8 (b)
9. Determine the angle between the line MN and non-transparent plane ABC. Also
determine the visible portion of the line.
10. Determine the shortest distance between the lines MN and ST.
11. Determine the angle between the planes ABC and BCD.
-10-
n'
b'
36
32
m'
m' s'
9 11
a'
11 6
32 4 10
t
m
28
62
30
n'
50
47
n
c' s
25
8 42 34 7
13
Figure T4.10
a d'
8
b'
15
a'
33
n
27
25
c'
22
48
b 13 5 19
58
9
d
6
m
24
29
35
c
c b
a
Figure T4.9 Figure T4.11
-11-
SHEET NO: 4
(DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY II)

12. A line AB 75 mm long is inclined at 450 to the HP and 300 to the VP. Its end B is in
the HP and 40 mm in front of the VP. Draw its projections.
13. Draw the projections of a line AB, 90 mm long, its midpoint M being 50 mm above
the HP and 40 mm in front of the VP. The end A is 20 mm above the HP and 10 mm
in front of the VP.
14. The top view of a 75 mm long line measures 65 mm while the length of its front view
is 50 mm. Its one end is in the HP and 12 mm in front of the VP. Draw the projections
of AB and determine its inclinations with the HP and the VP.
15. A line 65 mm long has its one end 20 mm above the HP and 25 mm in front of the
VP. The other end is 40 mm above the HP and 65 mm in front of the VP. Draw the
projections of the line and determine its inclinations with the HP and the VP.
auxiliary view method.
27
b' d'
8
7
48 50
5
ax bx cx dx
17
22
25
c
b
a
d
Figure T4 5 (a) Figure T4 5 (b)
revolution method.
-12-
h' i'
f'
30
28
27
e' g' j'
50 28 ix 28
ex fx gx hx jx
6 7
6
6
8
e h j
28
30
35
g i
f
Figure T4.6 (a) Figure T4.6 (b) Figure T4.6 (c)
18. Determine the shortest distance between the point C and line AB.
19. Reproduce the given views of the plane and draw the view showing the true size and
shape.
c' b'/c'
b' c'
26
54
25
46
a' a'
26
22 26
10
31 45 37
13
12
ax cx bx b
13
13
b
8
38
a
38
24
25
48
53
b a a
c c c
Figure T4.7 Figure T4.8 (a) Figure T4.8 (b)
20. Determine the angle between the line MN and non-transparent plane ABC. Also
determine the visible portion of the line.
21. Determine the shortest distance between the lines MN and ST.
22. Determine the angle between the planes ABC and BCD.
-13-
n'
b'
36
32
m'
m' s'
9 11
a'
11 6
32 4 10
t
m
28
62
30
n'
50
47
n
c' s
25
8 42 34 7
13
Figure T4.10
a d'
8
b'
15
a'
33
n
27
25
c'
22
48
b 13 5 19
58
9
d
6
m
24
29
35
c
c b
a
-14-
SHEET NO: 5
(ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS I)
The figures for Problems T5.1 to T5.12 contain a number of pictorial views of pieces of
various shapes. Translate them into three-view orthographic drawings.
12 44 15 14
23
18
35
46
16
12
25
25
22
72
48 38
14 18
40 40
35
28
24
19
40
20
45
15
25
15
15
75
45
76
40
21 20
14 14 20
14
12
5
14
42
12
35
15
12
8
12
76 75
32 54
-15-
20
45 30 6
20 0
76 48
18
40
56
57
28
18 8
12
13
35
18
86 10
16
34
94
20
Figure T5.7 15 Figure T5.8
14
45
66
43
30
36
24
38
58
12
40
34
80
12
12 78
36 0
38 11
4
26 0
12 86 2
38 7
18
43
40
60
21
12
14
14
24
26
58
36 84
0
10
Figure T5.11 22 Figure T5.12
-16-
SHEET NO: 6
(ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS II)
Make a complete orthographic drawing (with necessary number of projections) of each

model and dimension it.
Rectangular Through Hole

16
68
54 30 64
9
Through Hole 14 Dia.
12
26
52
8
19
36
6
7
23
46
16
18
12
12 Hole 16 Dia
80
30
86
FV
FV
Through Hole 22 Dia

SQ 52
Through Hole 14 Dia. 40
50 56
Through Hole
10 Dia 36
50
36
5
17
8
SQ 64 R8
26 64
FV FV
-17-
Through Hole 20 Dia
Through Hole 10 Dia. 38

32
45
16
8
16
45
42
22 8
3 18
8 51
10
24
18
16
40
94
8
12 74 10
42
FV
FV

14
60
10
50
20
20 10
28
50
20
20
74
14 10
25
15
50
15 60
24
25 10
14 30
58
15
70 30
5
10
FV FV
-18-
SHEET NO: 7
(SECTIONAL AND AUXILAIRY VIEWS)

1. Draw the views of the objects given below with sectional front view.
76
R30
50
15
42
30
20
15
30
12
R30
15
65
12
10
24
15
52 160 10 70
100 60
12
2. Draw the views of the objects given below with sectional front view and sectional
side view.
2 Holes, Dia 40 60
22
82 60
Dia 80
22
25
CK
HI
110
Di 0T
a4 B1
RI
70
0
25
50
30
30
150
25
20
25
75 20 40
R25
100
Dia 75
Figure T7.2 (a) 40 Figure T7.2 (b)
-19-
3. Draw the half sectional front view, half sectional side view and top view for the given
object.
φ 20 C'BORE φ30 × 6 DEEP
φ5
0
R15
12
28
φ 12, 2 HOLES
φ6
35
35
10 Figure T7.3
4. Draw the front view, the top view, and the normal view of the inclined surfaces for
objects given below.
R18
φ1
4
8
R2
46
12
10 R36
56
50 15
40
30 40 24
10
°
30
72
60
10 φ 16, 2 HOLES 40
32
80 10
30 72
10 24
-20-
SHEET NO: 8
(DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES I)
Make a complete orthographic drawing of a geometrical solid cut by a plane. Find the
true shape of the section. Construct the development of the surface of the solid.
PY PY
PY
56
55
54
60°
60°
45°
X X X 32
38 9 52
56
46
PH PH PH
Figure T8.1 Figure T8.2 Figure T8.3

PY PY
PY
42
45
53
45°
45°
45°
X X
X 34
34 37
22
22
48
50
26
PH PH
PH
48 48
-21-
ENGINEERING DRAWING
SHEET NO: 9
(DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES II)

1. A right circular cone is cut as shown in Figure T9.1. Develop its lateral surface.
2. Two views of right regular hexagonal prism cut at both end by section planes and
resting on its lower cut end on ground are shown in Figure T9.2. Develop its
lateral surface.
3. Develop the lateral surface of a cylindrical piece shown in Figure T9.3.
20
45°
°
30
45°
φ40
48
36
φ24
15
50
φ60
60°
4. Two views of an oblique, truncated rectangular pyramid are shown in Figure

T9.4. Develop its lateral surface.
5. Figure T9.5 and T9.6 show parts of oblique cone. Develop the surfaces.
30
37
R 25
60
12
50
36
30
27
φ60 φ50 12
15
48
F ig u re T 9 .4 F ig u re T 9 .5 F ig u re T 9 .6
-22-
SHEET NO: 10
(INTERSECTION OF SOLIDS)
Draw the given views of assigned form and complete the intersection. Then develop the
lateral surfaces.
51 φ50
φ50 51
φ36
φ40
76
76
38
38
102 102
φ50
102
51
95
φ40
φ42
30
76
38
102 φ70
-23-
φ50
φ48
φ36
φ4
0
45°
45°
76
76
44
54
16
6
φ50
70
SQ
44
SQ
76
22
100
Dia 38
10
13
57
-24-
SHEET NO: 11
(ORTHOGRAPHIC AND SECTIONAL VIEWS)

1. Construct and dimension three projections of a model with a vertical section.
30 ia 30 Through Hole
D
20 4
30 6
60 0
Through Holes 3
16
20
12 Dia
20 12
28
40
48
7
20
14
5
21
5
R1 74 8
42 18
10
16
2. Construct and dimension three projections of a model with a horizontal section.
36 28
48
8
12
40
50
24
R1
16
16
7
8
18
14
25
11
4
16
Through Hole
a
Di
20
ia
24 2 4D 20 Through Hole
36 62
44
-25-
SHEET NO: 12
(FREEHAND SKECTHING)
3. Sketch, freehand, the following one view drawings.
32 R9
2 Holes 14 Dia 2 HOLES φ 9
R1
0
φ 32
R20
55
Dia
92 Dia
Dia
60
76
56
55
8 Holes 10 Dia
R 14 32
Figure T12.1(a) Figure T12.1(b)
4. Sketch the required views of the objects given below.
Figure T12.2(a) Figure T12.2(b) Figure T12.2(c)
-26-
5. Sketch the pictorial view from the orthographic views given.
20 70
R20
30
50
50
45°
15
30
35 20 35 Figure T12.3(b)
R20 15
φ20
50
40
15
60
Figure T12.3(a) Figure T12.3(c)
10
-27-
SOLUTION FOR TUTORIAL NO. 3
Solution T3.1
d
a' c'
c
35
30
28
22
b' f h'
d' h
20
25
25
32
40
g
a g'
b
f'
Solution T3.2
c'
45
45
a' b'
25
d'
10
e'/f'
10
e
20
30
c/d
45
a b
h' f'
50
30°
g'
40
15
i' j' k' l'

k l
15
20
i
45 °
g h
50
ENGINEERING DRAWING I 3.1 SOLUTION 3/MCL

Solution T3.3 Solution T3.4 Solution T3.5
n' a' b' b'
65
30
m'
90
40
40
10
50
15
33.7
m
5°
40
a'
30
25
n a
30°
a b

d' a' c' b'
a'/d' b'/c' 20
d' c'
10 10
30
a b
e' b'
15
a'
25
a
10
30°
d 25 c e d a c b
b
d
40
60

Solution T3.9 Solution T3.10
a'/d'
e'
25
45°
b'/c' a'/d' b'/c' d'
a' d' a'
12
30
c d c d
30
b' c' b' c'
10
a b e c d a
b
45°
b a b a
e
c
d
Solution T3.11
g' g'
h' f' h' f'
a' e' a' e'

40
b' d' b' d'

c' c'
14
a b/h c/g d/f e a

b/h
45°
c/g
d/f
e


a' a'2 b' b'1
TL = 70
b' b'1
m' m'1 TL = 75
45,0
FV = 50
0°
b' a'1 TL = 90
29,93
b'2
50
b'2 a'
°
a'
12
40
20
a b1
19°
10
a2 TV = 65
48,
b a b1
°
30,00
40
TL = 90 TL = 75
TL = 70
a a1 m m1
b b2
b b2
Solution T4.4 Solution T4.5(a) Solution T4.5(b)

TL = 65 b' b'1 a1 ° c'
57
5, TL = 51,51
27
A d'
a' b'2 b1 50
40
V
7
V
17,92°
a' H
5
20
c 25
26
b'
48 d
25
20,4°
V
8
H H
b1 c1
17
A
22
a 57,45 d1
65
3°
b
38,0
TL = 65

Solution T4.6(a) Solution T4.6(b) Solution T4.6(c)
4 h'
f' 4 i' j'1
T L=
e' f'1 g'1 g' j'

e g1 h j
j1
TL = 61
g i
Solution T4.7 Solution T4.8(a)

a' b'
c'
p'
d' c'
x b' a' x
V V
H H b
d y
a p x
H b a b1
c c c1
A1 y A1
a1 A2
A2 A1 x H A1
a2/b2 a1 p1 c2 31
,63
b1
c2 c1 y
SD = 11 y
38,97
TSP b2
Solution T4.8(b)
2
,2
28
c1
a2
20
,55
A1
26
TSP b1 V
a1 b'/c'
x
a'
V
H b
x
a
c

A2 A3 n3
a3
n2
a2 3,7°
c3
c2
Solution T4.9
b3
m3
b2
A2 m2 z
A1 y
A1
V
z a
1
y n1 b1
m1
c1
b'
m' x
a'
n' d'
c'
V
H a
x
n
b
d
m

Solution T4.10 Solution T4.11
t' d' b'
n' a'
c' x
m' V
s' x
V H d
H y
t
m c
x b
y a
s n H
s2/t2 y
s1 t1 A1
12
H m2
A1 m1 c1
n1 n2 a1 x
d1
A1 A 2 b1
y
A1 b2/c2
A2 a2
78
,0°
d2

Solution T5.1
Solution T5.2

Solution T5.3
Solution T5.4

Solution T5.5
Solution T5.6

Solution T5.7
Solution T5.8

Solution T5.9
Solution T5.10

Solution T5.11
Solution T5.12

Solution T6.1
Solution T6.2

Solution T6.3
Solution T6.4

Solution T6.5
Solution T6.6

Solution T6.7
Solution T6.8

Solution T7.1

Solution T7.2

Solution T7.3
Solution T7.4

Solution T8.1
P
P
a b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1
11 b 10 9
12 8
1 7
2 6
3 a 5
4
Solution T8.2
6 b 5 1 2 a 3 4 5 b6
1 4

j i hg
k Solution T8.3
f
e
l a a
d 1 1
a c b j l
c d k
b 2 e f gh i 12
3 11
10 4 10
11 9 5 9
8 6 7 8
12 k j
l i
h
1 a g 7
f
e
2 b c d
6
3 5
4
Solution T8.4
a e a
c d f
1 b
2 6
6 5 3 5
4
f e
a d 4
1
b c

g
i h
j Solution T8.5
f
e
k
d
a c a d e a
b b c f g h i
j k
1 1
2 12
3 11
4 10
10 9 5x 6 8 y9
11 y 7
12 j i
k hg 8
1 a 7
2 b c ef 6
d
3 5
d Solution T8.6
c a a
d
a
1 1
c
TL
b b y
2 4
x
y
1 a 4 3
d
b c
x

Solution T9.1
hg f
a e
b c d
1 1
14 13 12 2 a h g
y q 16
15 11
3 b f
16 15
10 x e y
4 c 14
1 9 5 d 13
6p
2 8 7 11q12
8 9 10
3 7
x4 6p
5

6
1 5
Solution T9.2
2 4
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 1
12 10
1 9
Solution T9.3
2 8
3 7
4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Solution T9.4
1 1
4T 3T 1T 2T
1 4
2 4
3
2 3
Solution T9.5
1 1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
98 7 6 5 4 32
2 16
3 15
4 14
14 13 12 5 13
15 11 6 12
7 8 9 10 11
16 10
1 9
2 8
3 7
4 5 6

Solution T9.6
10 T 11 T 12 T 13 T14 T15 T16 T

8T 7T 6T 5T 4T 3T 2T
14 13 12
15 11
1
16 10
2
1 9 3
4
2 8 5 6 7 8 1
9 10
3 7 11 12 16
4 6 13 14 15
5

Solution T10.1
Solution T10.2

Solution T10.3
Solution T10.4

Solution T10.5
Solution T10.6
6
1 5
2 4

Solution T10.7
6
1 5
2 4
1/2 3/4 4/5 3 2/4 1/5 6
Solution T10.8

Chapter 6
2. Rotatory object
cylinder
1. Form the rotatory objects?
cone
sphere
1. Form the rotatory objects?
2. The projection of general rotatory solids?
right
border
rear
border
Left
border
front
border
right
border
rear
Left border
front
border border
3.The points on rotatory surface?
example1 m`, n`, (s``) are given, find the other two projections.
s
m' m"
n"
n'
s' s``
example2 a‘ and b " are given, find the other two projections.
c' c"
a"
a' b"
b'
example3 a , b' and c “ are given, find the other two projections.
b
a
b' b"
c' c"
a' a"
Inclined
plane
Pv
Pv
Pv
A
example 1 The projection of cylinder cut by plane? A B
B C
B
A
C
A A A
B B
B
C C C
example 1 The projection of cylinder cut by plane?
A
example 2 The projection of cylinder cut by

inclined plane? B
B C
B
C
C
C
B
A
B
C
example 2 The projection of cylinder cut by
inclined plane?
Cut cone?
Cut cone?
1
5
3
4
2
Cut cone?
1
5
3
4
2
1
Cut cone? 6
4
5
3
2
1
Cut cone? 6
4
5
3
2
Cut sphere?
Cut sphere?
Cut sphere?
example5 Combined solid cut ?
Chapter 7 Sectional Views
Name
A-A
Projection
direction
A A
Cutting –plane line

A A
A A
Section A-A
Example 1 front view ->full section?
A B
C D
HALF SECTION
ALIGNED SECTION
ALIGNED SECTION
ALIGNED SECTION
ALIGNED SECTION
OFFSET SECTION
OFFSET SECTION
OFFSET SECTION
REVOLVED SECTION
Only sketch section surface

REVOLVED SECTION

REMOVED SECTION
REMOVED SECTION

FULL SECTION (Rib)
A A
FULL SECTION
Hidden lines omitted

FULL SECTION
FULL SECTION

FULL SECTION
FULL SECTION

HALF SECTION

HALF SECTION
HALF SECTION

BROKEN-OUT
SECTION
Chapter 7 section views
attention
Center line,45
Contour,45
Center line ,45

Contour,45
Section lines-thin!!
attention
line
No line
attention
Hidden line should be omitted!!!
2.half sections
model
views
2.half sections
top
bottom
2.half sections
Cutting plane
remove
2.half sections
Half section Half section
symmetry
direction
2.half sections hidden？
label
symmetry
2.half sections
Notice:
the direction
of section lines
2.half sections
example
3.Broken-out sections
External
Short break
lines (thick)
model
model
Section plane？
example
Cutting
label position
Name
模型
attention false false
false
false
4.aligned sections
A-A
Two intersecting planes
label
Move away
A A
A
4.aligned sections
5.offset sections
position
5.offset sections
6.inclined sections
Section plane
A-A
B
A
B
7.revolved sections
8.removed sections
A
A-A
8.removed sections
9. Ribs in sections
To avoid a false impression of thickness and solidity,
ribs, webs, gear teeth, and other similar flat features are not
sectioned even though the cutting plane passes along the
center plane of the feature.

ribs
……..Cutting plane passes along the center plane of the feature.
Ribs in sections
Vertical section
Ribs in sections
To shorten a view of an elongated object, conventional breaks are recommended
Space is limited & object is symmetry == partial views
1/2 1/4
1/2
Home work
•Page 64 missing lines

•page 65 (1) front view->full section , left view-> half section
•page 67 front view& top view-> broken views
•Page 69 II-4-9 align section
•Page 70 (1) front view-> offset section
•Page 72 II-4-13 revolved section
•page 73 II-4-15 (1,2) removed section
•page 74 (1,2)draw correct full sections (about ribs)
http://dean.hbut.edu.cn/html/bkjx/yzkc/hg/index.htm
Chapter 7 Sectional Views
Name
A-A
Projection
direction
A A
Cutting –plane line

A A
A A
Section A-A
A B
C D
HALF SECTION
FULL SECTION

FULL SECTION
FULL SECTION

FULL SECTION
FULL SECTION

HALF SECTION

HALF SECTION
HALF SECTION

BROKEN-OUT
SECTION
attention
Center line,45
Contour,45
Center line ,45

Contour,45
Section lines-thin!!
attention
line
No line
attention
Hidden line should be omitted!!!
2.half sections
model
views
2.half sections
top
bottom
2.half sections
Cutting plane
remove
2.half sections
Half section Half section
symmetry
direction
2.half sections hidden？
label
symmetry
2.half sections
Notice:
the direction
of section lines
2.half sections
example
External
Short break
lines (thick)
model
model
Section plane？
example
Cutting
label position
Name
模型
attention false false
false
false
4.aligned sections
A-A
Two intersecting planes
label
Move away
A A
A
4.aligned sections
5.offset sections
position
5.offset sections
6.inclined sections
Section plane
A-A
B
A
B
7.revolved sections
8.removed sections
A
A-A
8.removed sections
9. Ribs in sections
To avoid a false impression of thickness and solidity,
ribs, webs, gear teeth, and other similar flat features are not
sectioned even though the cutting plane passes along the
center plane of the feature.

ribs
……..Cutting plane passes along the center plane of the feature.
Ribs in sections
Vertical section
Ribs in sections
To shorten a view of an elongated object, conventional breaks are recommended
Space is limited & object is symmetry == partial views
1/2 1/4
1/2
Home work
•Page 64 missing lines

•page 65 (1) front view->full section , left view-> half section
•page 67 front view& top view-> broken views
•Page 69 II-4-9 align section
•Page 70 (1) front view-> offset section
•Page 72 II-4-13 revolved section
•page 73 II-4-15 (1,2) removed section
•page 74 (1,2)draw correct full sections (about ribs)
http://dean.hbut.edu.cn/html/bkjx/yzkc/hg/index.htm
Chapter 6
Plane object
1.What is the plane solid?
1. The plane solid consists of several surfaces;
2. Each surface is a Closed polygon.
3. Each polygon consists of beelines.

2.The projection of prism?
Cut? Cutting plane
２ 3
１４
２ 3
４"
４'
3" 3"
3'
２" ２"
２'
１' １"
Cut?
2.The projection of prism?
Cut?
１(2) １(2)
3 3
１' １' １"
２' ２' ２"

3' 3' 3"
４' ４"
Cut
Example1 Cut cuboid?
3
2
4
1
2(1)
3(4)
3 3
2 2
1 4
4 1
Example2 Cut trapeziform solid?
1
2
1
2
3
3(4)
2
1 1 4
2 2
3 3
1 4 1 4
2
3
3(4)
2
1 1 4
2 2
3 3
1 4 1 4
PRACTICE
Missing view & isometric sketching
(right view)
(Front view)
Chapter 5
Technical Sketching and Shape Description
1. Sketching is a quick way to communicate

ideas with other members to the design team.
2. Sketching is an excellent way of learning how
to represent three-dimensional objects on a
two-dimensional surface.
1. Sketching straight lines
Visible Line
Thin Line
Hidden Line
Dimension Line
Center Line
2. Sketching circles & arcs
Method 1
Method 2
2. Sketching circles & arcs
Method 1
Method 2
3. Sketching ellipses
4. Isometric Sketching
30 0 300 (APPROX)
5. Isometric ellipses
(APPROX) 30 0 300
30 0 300 (APPROX)
30 0 300
Top
6. Views of objects
Height
Bottom
6. Views of objects
6. Views of objects

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INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

Sheet No. 1: Technical Lettering 3

Sheet No. 2: Plane Geometrical Construction 5

Sheet No. 3: Descriptive Geometry I 7

Sheet No. 4: Descriptive Geometry II 9

Sheet No. 5: Orthographic Drawings I 15

Sheet No. 6: Orthographic Drawings II 17

Sheet No. 7: Sectional And Auxiliary Views 19

Sheet No. 8: Development Of Surfaces I 21

Sheet No. 9: Development Of Surfaces II 22

Sheet No. 10: Intersection Of Solids 23

Sheet No. 11: Orthographic And Sectional Views 25

Sheet No. 12: Freehand Sketching 26

5 S. N. DESCRIPTION QTY. MATERIAL REMARK

Figure T2.4 (a) Figure T2.4 (b)

5. Draw an ellipse with major minor axis of 90 mm and 60 mm respectively.

(DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY II)

(DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY II)

Figure T5.5 Figure T5.6

(ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS II)

Make a complete orthographic drawing (with necessary number of projections) of each

Rectangular Through Hole

Through Hole 22 Dia

Figure T6.3 Figure T6.4

Through Hole 10 Dia. 38

Figure T6.5 Figure T6.6

Figure T6.7 Figure T6.8

(SECTIONAL AND AUXILAIRY VIEWS)

Figure T7.1 (a) Figure T7.1 (b)

Figure T7.2 (a) 40 Figure T7.2 (b)

Figure T7.4 (a) Figure T7.4 (b)

Figure T8.1 Figure T8.2 Figure T8.3

(DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES II)

Figure T9.1 Figure T9.2 Figure T9.3

4. Two views of an oblique, truncated rectangular pyramid are shown in Figure

Figure T10.1 Figure T10.2

Figure T10.3 Figure T10.4

Figure T10.7 Figure T10.8

(ORTHOGRAPHIC AND SECTIONAL VIEWS)

Figure T11.1 Figure T11.2

2. Construct and dimension three projections of a model with a horizontal section.

Figure T11.3 Figure T11.4

Figure T12.1(a) Figure T12.1(b)

4. Sketch the required views of the objects given below.

Figure T12.2(a) Figure T12.2(b) Figure T12.2(c)

i' j' k' l'

ENGINEERING DRAWING I 3.1 SOLUTION 3/MCL

Solution T3.6 Solution T3.7 Solution T3.8

ENGINEERING DRAWING I 3.2 SOLUTION 3/MCL

b' c' b' c'

a' e' a' e'

b' d' b' d'

a b/h c/g d/f e a

ENGINEERING DRAWING I 3.3 SOLUTION 3/MCL

Solution T4.1 Solution T4.2 Solution T4.3

Solution T4.4 Solution T4.5(a) Solution T4.5(b)

ENGINEERING DRAWING I 3.4 SOLUTION 3/MCL

e' f'1 g'1 g' j'

Solution T4.7 Solution T4.8(a)

ENGINEERING DRAWING I 3.5 SOLUTION 3/MCL