CHAPTER

2
Past Time
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PRACTICE 1 Expressing past time: regular verbs. (Chart 2-1)

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Write the question and negative forms of the sentences.

1. It started early. Did it start early? It didn’t start early.

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2. Ben walked home.

3. Hana worked all day.
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4. Dad planted roses.

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5. Mom liked the game.

6. Kim cooked dinner.
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7. Nate played tennis.

8. They arrived late.
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9. Sam invited Ava.

10. We finished our work.
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PRACTICE 2 Simple present and simple past. (Chapter 1 and Chart 2-1)
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Complete the chart.

Statement Question Negative

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1. You work every day. Do you work every day? You don’t work every day.
ea

2. You worked yesterday. ? .

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3.  ? She doesn’t work every day.

every day.
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4. She worked yesterday. ? .

5.  Do they work every day? .

every day.
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6. They worked yesterday. ? .

7.  ? He doesn’t work every day.

every day.
23

8. He worked yesterday. ? .

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 PRACTICE 3 Expressing past time. (Chart 2-1)
Rewrite the sentences in the past. Use the simple past of the verb in bold.
1. Joe arrives to class late.
Joe arrived to class late.
2. We watch a lot of movies.
S

.
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3. The kids play soccer.

.
4. Sarah lives in Canada.
pl

.
5. Amy listens to loud music.
e

.
6. Alex doesn’t work.
M

.
7. I don’t walk to school.
at

.
8. Do you travel often?
er

.
9. Does your teacher help you with your homework?
ia

.
10. Does Ben play the piano?
l

.
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PRACTICE 4 Expressing past time: yes / no questions. (Charts 2-1 and 2-2)
P

Complete the questions with Was, Were, or Did.

ea

1. you go out last night?

2. you go to a party?
3. it fun?
rs

4. it a birthday party?
5. you eat birthday cake?
on

6. many of your friends there?

7. you meet new people?
8. you have a good time?
20

9. you stay out late?

10. you tired when you got home?
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11. it hard to wake up early this morning?

12. you sleep late today?

Past Time   15

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 PRACTICE 5 Expressing past time: yes / no questions. (Charts 2-1 and 2-2)
Write past tense questions using the italicized words and Did, Was, or Were.
1. he, study Did he study ?
2. he, sick Was he sick ?
3. she, sad ?
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4. they, eat ?
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5. they, hungry ?
6. you, go ?
7. she, understand ?
pl

8. he, forget ?
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PRACTICE 6 Expressing past time: yes / no questions. (Charts 2-1 and 2-2)
Circle the correct verb form in Sentence A. Then write the correct verb form in Sentence B.
Add not as necessary.
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1. A: Was / Were / Did Albert Einstein alive in this century?

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B: No, he wasn’t .

2. A: Was / Were / Did he live in the 20th century?

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B: Yes, he .
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3. A: Was / Were / Did he a biologist?

B: No, he .
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4. A: Was / Is / Did he study physics?

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B: Yes, he .

5. A: Was / Is / Did he very intelligent?

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B: Yes, he .
ea

6. A: Was / Were / Did he from Europe? Einstein

B: Yes, .
rs

7. A: Was / Is / Did he move to China?

on

B: No, he .

8. A: Are / Was / Did he teach?

B: Yes, he .
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9. A: Were / Was / Did his ideas famous?

B: Yes, they .
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10. A: Was / Were / Did people around the world know about him?

B: Yes, they .

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 PRACTICE 7 Simple past: yes / no questions. (Charts 2-1 and 2-2)
Make a question from the italicized words, and give a short answer. Each list has one or two extra
words. Some words may be used more than once. Use a capital letter to start the question.
A driver’s test
1. did, pass, you, was
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A: Did you pass your driver’s test yesterday?

am

B: Yes, I did .

2. were, did, you, be

A: nervous?
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B: No, .
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3. were, you, did, practice

A: a lot before the test?

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B: Yes, .
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4. did, was, the test, be

A: difficult?
er

B: No, .
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5. you, did, made, make

A: any mistakes on the test?

l

B: No, .
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6. was, did, the car

A: easy to drive?
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B: Yes, .
ea

7. put, you, did, were

A: your new driver’s license in your wallet right away?

rs

B: Yes, !
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8. go, went, you, did

A: home right after the test?

B: No, .
20
23

Past Time   17

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 PRACTICE 8 Spelling of irregular verbs. (Chart 2-3)
Write the past tense of the given verbs.
Part I. Part III. Part V.
buy b o u g h t blow bl hit h
bring br t draw dr hurt h
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fight f t fly fl read r

am

think th t grow gr shut sh

teach t t know kn cost c
find f d throw thr put p
pl

quit qu

Part II. Part IV. Part VI.

e

swim sw write wr pay p d

drink dr freeze fr say s d
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sing s ride r
at

ring r sell s
steal st
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PRACTICE 9 Word search puzzle. (Chart 2-3)

Circle the irregular past tense of these verbs in the puzzle: bring, buy, go, grow, say, take.
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The words may be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal.

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K R T W K C T
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N G H D E H J
S C G C G N N
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A J U U L L T
ea

I Z O T O O K
D B R L R K T
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M P B G R E W
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PRACTICE 10 Common irregular verbs. (Chart 2-3)

Complete each sentence with the past tense form of the verb.
Every day ... Yesterday ...
woke up
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1. I wake up early. I early.

2. She brings her books to class. She her books to class.
3. We come to class on time. We to class on time.
23

4. They do their homework. They their homework.

5. He and I take the bus. He and I the bus.
6. Some students forget their homework. Some students their homework.

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 7. You know the answers. You the answers.
8. I write in my journal. I in my journal.
9. Ms. Chow drives to work. Ms. Chow to work.
10. They see their friends. They their friends.
S

PRACTICE 11 Common irregular verbs. (Chart 2-3)

Complete the sentences with the past form of the verbs in bold.
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1. A: You seem a little tired. Did you go to bed late last night?

B: Yes, I did. I went to bed late because I had a lot of homework.

pl

2. A: Sarah is emptying her backpack. She looks really nervous. Did she lose something?

B: Yes, she did. She her phone.

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3. A: How was your shopping trip? Did you buy anything?

M

B: Yes. I some shoes and a shirt.

4. A: Did you find your keys?

at

B: Yes, I did. I them on my desk.

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5. A: Did you eat lunch in the cafeteria?

B: No, I didn’t. I at home today.

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6. A: Did you read all your messages?

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B: Yes, I did. I them on the bus this morning.

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7. A: Did you hear about the hurricane?

B: Yes. I about it on the news last night.

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8. A: Did Zoe leave?

ea

B: Yes, she did. She an hour ago.

9. A: Your hair looks different. Did you get a haircut?

rs

B: Not recently. I a haircut about two months ago.

10. A: Did you speak English in high school?

on

B: No. I Spanish and French.

PRACTICE 12 Expressing the past. (Charts 2-1 → 2-3)

20

Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.

A: Were you ( you, be) OK yesterday? You seemed (seem) upset.

23

1 2
B: I (have) a terrible day! First, I (miss) my bus because
3 4
I (oversleep).
5

Past Time   19

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 A: (  you, set) an alarm?
6
B: Yes, (do). I (set) the alarm on my phone, but the alarm
7 8
(not, work) because the battery died.
9
A: But you (not, be) late for school yesterday. I (see) you
10 11
S

before class.
B: That’s right. I (take) a taxi. It (cost) a fortune!
am

12 13
I ( get) to school on time, but I (leave) my backpack in
14 15
the taxi.
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A: Oh no! (call ) the driver?

16
B: No, (do, not ). I (not, have) the driver’s name or phone
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17 18
number. And I (  forget) the name of the taxi company.
19
A: That’s terrible! What was in your backpack?
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B: Just two books and a notebook. I (not, lose) my phone or wallet because they
20
at

were in my pocket.
A: Well, that’s good. I hope you have a better day today!
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PRACTICE 13 Spelling of -ing and -ed forms. (Chart 2-5)

Complete the chart.
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End of verb Double the consonant? Simple form -ing -ed

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-e No live living lived

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race
Two Consonants work
start
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Two Vowels + One shout

ea

Consonant wait
One Vowel + One one-syllable verbs:
Consonant pat
rs

shop
two-syllable verbs:
on

stress on first syllable

listen
happen
two-syllable verbs:
20

stress on second syllable

occur
refer
23

-y play
reply
study
-ie die
tie

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 PRACTICE 14 Spelling of -ing forms. (Chart 2-5)
Add -ing to the verbs and write them in the correct columns.

begin ✓ hit listen take

come hope rain win
cut learn study write
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Double the consonant. Drop the -e. Just add -ing.

(stop → stopping) (live → living) (visit → visiting)
am

hitting
pl
e

PRACTICE 15 Spelling of -ing forms. (Chart 2-5)

M

Complete each word with one “t” or two “t”s to spell the -ing verb form correctly. Then write the
simple form of the verb for each sentence.
at

Simple Form
1. I’m wai t ing for a phone call. 1. wait
er

2. I’m pe tt ing my dog. 2. pet

3. I’m bi ing my nails because I’m nervous. 3.
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4. I’m si ing in a comfortable chair. 4.

5. I’m wri ing in my book. 5.
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6. I’m figh ing the urge to have some ice cream. 6.

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7. I’m wai ing to see if I’m really hungry. 7.

8. I’m ge ing up from my chair now. 8.
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9. I’m star ing to walk to the refrigerator. 9.

10. I’m permi ing myself to have some ice cream. 10.
ea

11. I’m lif ing the spoon to my mouth. 11.

12. I’m ea ing the ice cream now. 12.
rs

13. I’m tas ing it. It tastes good. 13.

14. I’m also cu ing a piece of cake. 14.
on

15. I’m mee ing my sister at the airport tomorrow. 15.

16. She’s visi ing me for a few days. I’ll save some 16.
cake and ice cream for her.
20
23

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 PRACTICE 16 Spelling of -ing and -ed forms. (Chart 2-5)
Complete the chart with the missing verb forms.

Simple Form -ed -ing

1. stop stopped stopping

S

2. pick picking
3. arrived arriving
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4. cry cried
5. walked
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6. play
7. practice practicing
e

8. refer referred
9. study
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10. hop hopping

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11. hope
12. plan
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13. smiling
14. help
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15. listen
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PRACTICE 17 Spelling of -ing and -ed forms. (Chapter 1 and Chart 2-5)
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Part I. Write the present progressive (-ing) form of each verb.

A TV sportscaster is reporting from the Boston Marathon, the oldest yearly marathon race in the world.
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Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Our coverage of the 2018 Boston Marathon (begin)
ea

is beginning right now, here on Channel 5. We (report) live from

1 2
Boston. Nearly 30,000 men and women (run) in this year’s marathon.
3
rs

Citizens from 85 countries (compete) in the 26-mile (42-km) course and (race)
4
through the city of Boston. There they go . . . the race (start)
on

5 6
now. Some of the runners ( get) off to a slow start and (try)
7 8
to save their strength, but others (speed ) ahead. The wind is cold, and it (rain)
9
very hard, but the runners (not, stop) !
20

10 11
23

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S
am

Part II. Complete the rest of the report. Write the simple past form of the verbs in parentheses.
pl

Here we are at the finish line at the end of the Boston Marathon. It was a great race!
e

As usual, fans all along the course (cheer) cheered for the runners. They (shout)
1
words of encouragement to them and clearly (enjoy) the
M

2 3
famous event.
at

What a great day for Yuki Kawauchi from Japan! He (race) from start to
4
finish in 2 hours, 15 minutes, and 54 seconds, and won in the men’s division. Kawauchi (surprise)
er

everyone when he ( pass) Geoffrey Kirui in the last few miles

5 6
of the race. The women’s race was also an exciting event. Desiree Linden was the winner of the women’s
ia

division. This was the first win by an American woman in 33 years. She (  finish)
7
in 2 hours, 39 minutes, and 54 seconds. Linden (admit) that she almost quit
l

8
the race because of the bad weather, but instead she (slow) down and (continue)
©

9
.
10
Tatyana McFadden made history this year in the wheelchair division when she (achieve)
P

her 22nd World Marathon Major victory, the most wins by any athlete. McFadden
ea

11
(cross) the finish line in 2 hours, 4 minutes, and 39 seconds.
12
The weather was terrible this year! The athletes (struggle) through strong
rs

13
winds and heavy rain. Medical staff (treat) nearly 3,000 runners. Several athletes
14
(drop) out of the race. But 95% of the runners (manage) to
on

15 16
finish the race. People are passionate about the Boston Marathon!

PRACTICE 18 Present and past negatives. (Chapter 1 and Charts 2-1 → 2-5)
20

All the sentences contain inaccurate information. Make true statements by:
(1) making a negative statement, and
(2) making an affirmative statement using accurate information.
23

1. a. George flew to school yesterday.

b. No, he didn’t fly to school yesterday. He rode his bike.
2. a. Lemons are sweet.
b. No, lemons sweet. They sour.

Past Time   23

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 3. a. You were a baby in the year 2010.
b. No, I a baby in 2010. I ten years old in 2010.
4. a. Buddha came from China.
b. No, Buddha from China. Buddha from Nepal.
5. a. Coffee comes from cocoa beans.
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b. No, coffee from cocoa beans. It from coffee beans.

am

6. a. You slept outdoors last night.

b. No, I outdoors last night. I indoors.
7. a. Ice is hot.
pl

b. No, ice hot. It cold.

8. a. Dinosaurs disappeared a hundred years ago.
e

b. No, dinosaurs a hundred years ago. They millions of

years ago.
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9. a. Our bodies make vitamin C from sunshine.

b. No, our bodies vitamin C from sunshine. They
at

vitamin D from sunshine.

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PRACTICE 19 Review: simple present, present progressive, and simple past forms.
(Chapter 1 and Charts 2-1 → 2-5)
Complete the chart with the correct forms of the verbs in bold.
ia

Every Day Now Yesterday

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1. He is here. He is here. He was here.

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2. I think about you. I am thinking about you. I thought about you.

3. We play tennis. We tennis. We tennis.
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4. I juice. I juice. I drank juice.

ea

5. He . He is teaching. He .
6. She . She . She swam.
rs

7. You sleep late. You late. You late.

8. He . He is reading. He .
on

9. They hard. They hard. They tried hard.

10. We eat dinner. We dinner. We dinner.
20

PRACTICE 20 Past progressive. (Chart 2-6)

Complete the sentences with the past progressive form of the verbs in bold.
23

1. I am living in New York right now. This time last year I was living in New York.
2. What did you do after you got home? What you
between 10 and 11 pm?
3. The kids are playing soccer right now. The kids soccer all weekend.
4. Ethan studies all the time. He for hours last night.
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 5. Did it rain yesterday? it at this time yesterday?
6. Does Harper work at a restaurant? she there last night?
7. I am not feeling well today, and I well yesterday.
8. Sebastian isn’t listening to the teacher right now. He to the teacher during
class yesterday.
S

PRACTICE 21 Past progressive. (Chart 2-6)

am

Complete the sentences by using the past progressive form of the verbs in the box. Use each verb
only once.

✓ hide   look   play   read   ring   sit   talk   watch
pl

1. Jack’s wife arranged a surprise birthday party for him. When Jack got home, several people
were hiding
e

behind the couch or behind doors. All the lights were out, and when Jack
turned them on, everyone shouted “Surprise!”
M

2. Dan’s alarm clock started ringing when the sun rose at 6:30. Dan woke up at 6:45. When Dan
woke up, his alarm clock .
at

3. I a movie when my best friend called.

er

4. While we , I dropped my phone and cracked the screen.

5. The bus driver looked at all the passengers on her bus and noticed how quiet they were. Some
ia

people games on their phone. Some the news or their

l

messages. Many passengers quietly in their seats and

out the windows of the bus.
©

PRACTICE 22 Simple past and past progressive. (Chart 2-7)

P

Complete the sentences. Use the simple past form for one clause and the past progressive form for
the other.
ea

Activity in Progress Nadia George Bill

play soccer break her glasses score a goal hurt his foot
rs

hike find some money see a bear pick up a snake

dance trip and fall meet his future wife get dizzy
on

1. While Nadia was playing soccer, she broke her glasses.

2. George scored a goal while he was playing soccer.
20

3. Bill his foot while he soccer.

4. While Nadia , she some money.
23

5. George a bear while he .

6. Bill a snake while he .
7. Nadia and while she .
8. While George , he his future wife.
9. While Bill , he dizzy.
Past Time   25

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 PRACTICE 23 Simple past and past progressive. (Chart 2-7)
Choose the correct answers.

1. When the professor walked into the classroom, a. the fire alarm went off
d . Conversation filled the room. b. the students took notes
2. When the professor walked to the front of the c. the students stopped talking
S

class, . Then they picked up their pens to d. students were talking to each other
am

take notes. e. the passengers stood up quickly and took

their luggage down from the overhead racks
3. While the professor was giving his lecture, .
f. many of the passengers tried to sleep in their
They wanted to remember everything he said.
small airplane seats
pl

4. While the professor was speaking, . g. we lined up at the gate and showed the
Everyone left the room immediately. airline staff our boarding passes
e

h. we sat down and fastened our seat belts

5. When it was time to board Flight 177, .
M

6. When we finally got on the plane, .

7. While we were flying over the ocean at night,

at

.
er

8. When we finally landed in the morning, .

ia
l ©
P
ea
rs
on

PRACTICE 24 Simple past and past progressive. (Chart 2-7)

20

Choose the correct completions.

1. It began to rain while Amanda and I were walking / walked to school this morning.
23

2. While I was washing / washed the dishes last night, I was dropping / dropped a plate. The
plate was breaking / broke.

3. I was seeing / saw Ted at the student cafeteria at lunchtime yesterday. He was eating / ate a
sandwich and talking / talked with some friends. I was joining / joined them.

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 4. Robert didn’t answer the phone when Sara called. He was singing / sang his favorite song in
the shower and wasn’t hearing / didn’t hear the phone ring.

5. A: There was a power outage in our part of town last night. Were your lights going out /
Did your lights go out, too?

B: Yes, they did. It was terrible! I was taking / took a shower when the lights went out. My
S

wife was finding / found a flashlight and rescued me from the bathroom. We couldn’t cook
am

dinner, so we were eating / ate sandwiches instead. I tried to do some work, but it was too dark,
so I was going / went to bed and was sleeping / slept.

PRACTICE 25 Expressing past time: using time clauses. (Chart 2-8)

pl

Decide what happens first and what happens second. Number the clauses “1” and “2”. Then combine
the clauses and write a complete sentence.
e

1 2
1. The fire alarm went off. Everyone left the building.
M

When the fire alarm went off, everyone left the building .

2. They left the building. They stood outside in the rain.

at

After , .
er

3. Everyone started to dance. The music began.

As soon as , .
ia

4. The music ended. They danced.

until .
l

5. The fans cheered. The soccer player scored a goal.

©

When , .
P

6. Everyone left the stadium. The game was over.

as soon as .
ea

7. Mateo finished his homework. He went to bed.

Before , .
rs

8. He woke up. He had some coffee.

on

when .

PRACTICE 26 Expressing past habit: used to. (Chart 2-9)

Complete the sentences. Use used to and the given information. Some verbs may be negative.
20

1. When James was young, he hated school. Now he likes it.

James used to hate school , but now he likes it.
23

2. Leah was a secretary for many years, but now she owns her own business.
Leah , but now she owns her own business.
3. Before Adam got married, he played tennis five times a week.
Adam five times a week.

Past Time   27

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 4. When we raised our own chickens, we had fresh eggs every morning.
We every morning when we raised our own chickens.
5. When Ben was a child, he often crawled under his bed and put his hands over his ears when he
heard thunder.
Ben and when he heard thunder.
S

6. When I lived in my hometown, I went to the beach every weekend. Now I rarely go to the beach.
I every weekend, but now I don’t.
am

7. Joshua has a new job. He wears a suit every day. When he was a student, he always wore jeans.
Joshua every day, but now he wears a suit.
8. When I was young, I wasn’t allergic to peanuts. Now I’m allergic to
pl

peanuts and can’t eat them.

I to peanuts, but now I am.
e

PRACTICE 27 Past verbs. (Chapter 2 Review)

M

Part I. Read the passage about the first cell phone. Circle all the verbs that refer to the present time.
Underline all the verbs that refer to the past time.
at

The First Cell Phone

er

The first cell phone call was in 1973. A man named Martin Cooper made the first call.
He was working for the Motorola communications company. When Cooper placed the call,
ia

he was walking down a street in New York. People stared at him and wondered about his behavior.
This was before cordless phones, so it looked very strange. It took another ten years before
l

Motorola had a phone to sell to

©

the public. That phone weighed

P

about a pound (.45 kilogram),

and it was very expensive. Now,
ea

as you know, cell phones are

small enough to put in a pocket,
rs

and millions of people around the

world have them.
on

Part II. Read the passage again and then read the statements. Circle “T” if the statement is true and
20

“F” if the statement is false.

1. A customer for Motorola made the first cell phone call. T F
2. Many people looked at Cooper when he was talking on the phone. T F
23

3. In the 1970s, cordless phones were very popular. T F

4. A year after the first call, Motorola sold phones to the public. T F

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 PRACTICE 28 Check your knowledge. (Chapter 2 Review)
Correct the verb errors.
didn’t visit
1. We don’t visited my cousins last weekend.
2. They are walked to school yesterday.
S

3. I was understand all the teacher’s questions yesterday.

am

4. Matt and I was texting when my phone died.

5. When Flora hear the news, she didn’t knew what to say.
6. David and Carol go to Italy last month.
pl

7. I didn’t drove a car when I am a teenager.

e

8. Carmen no used to eat fish, but now she does.

9. Did Ms. Piper at school yesterday?
M

10. Were you seeing that red light? You didn’t stopped!
at

11. I used to living in a big city when I was a child. Now I live in a small town.
12. We maked a pizza for dinner last night.
er

13. Sophie was breaking her right foot last year. After that, she hoped on her left foot for three weeks.
14. Where did you used to live before you move here?
ia

15. Sorry I miss your call last night. I went to bed as soon as I get home.
l

PRACTICE 29 Past time. (Chapter 2 Review)

©

Complete the paragraph with the simple past or the past progressive form of the verbs in parentheses.

Late yesterday afternoon while I ( prepare) was preparing dinner and my son Noah ( play)
P

, the doorbell (ring) . The water on the stove (boil )

ea

2 3

, so I quickly (turn) off the stove and (answer)

4 5
rs

the door. When I (open) it, I (see) a

6 7 8

delivery man. He (hold ) a package. He (ask) me

on

9 10

to sign for it. At that moment, Noah (scream) . He cried, “Mommy,

11

I ( fall ) and (hurt) my knee!” I (slam)

12 13
20

the door shut and (run) to Noah to help

14 15

him. Then I (hear) the doorbell again. I remembered that the

23

16

delivery man (wait) for me to sign for the package! I (open)

17

the door, (take) the package, (thank)

18 19

the delivery man, and (sign) the receipt.

20 21

Past Time   29

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 PRACTICE 30 Past time. (Chapter 2 Review)
Choose the correct answers.
1. At 3:30 this afternoon, I on the TV.
a. turned b. was turning c. turning
2. After that, I any more work.
S

a. not do b. didn’t do c. didn’t

am

3. At 7:34 last night, we dinner when the power went out.

a. had b. were having c. have
4. We to eat in the dark, so we lit some candles.
pl

a. didn’t want b. didn’t wanted c. weren’t wanting

5. to the meeting yesterday? What happened?
e

a. Do you went b. Did you went c. Did you go

6. Harvey told that funny joke, everyone laughed.
M

a. As soon b. Until c. When

7. Kirk was texting and driving at the same time. He was not paying attention to the road he
at

was driving.
a. after b. while c. until
er

8. I heard about Kate’s new baby, I texted all her friends to share the good news right away.
a. While b. As soon as c. Before
ia

9. When Grandma was a child, she three miles to school every day.
a. was walking b. used to walking c. used to walk
l

10. It when we left our office. The streets were all wet.
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a. rains b. was raining c. rain

11. After the teacher explained the grammar point, all the students it very well.
P

a. understood b. were understanding c. used to understand

ea

12. Jim the keys on the table and left the room.
a. put b. putting c. was putting
13. Alex when I called her last night.
rs

a. was slept b. sleeps c. was sleeping

14. Emily was still cooking when I at her house for dinner.
on

a. was arriving b. arrive c. arrived

15. I didn’t my homework until after midnight.
a. finishing b. finish c. finished
20
23

30  CHAPTER 2

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