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Commands Linux

This document provides an overview of basic Linux commands like date, cal, free, groups, file, cd, ls, touch, cp, mv, rm, less, whoami and chmod. It describes what each command is used for, typical outputs, and examples of usage. Key points covered include viewing the date and time, memory usage, user groups, file types and permissions, copying, moving, removing and reading files, and setting command aliases. The document aims to introduce essential file management and navigation commands for newcomers to Linux.

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vaideeswara subramanian
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16 views

Commands Linux

This document provides an overview of basic Linux commands like date, cal, free, groups, file, cd, ls, touch, cp, mv, rm, less, whoami and chmod. It describes what each command is used for, typical outputs, and examples of usage. Key points covered include viewing the date and time, memory usage, user groups, file types and permissions, copying, moving, removing and reading files, and setting command aliases. The document aims to introduce essential file management and navigation commands for newcomers to Linux.

Uploaded by

vaideeswara subramanian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Simple Commands in Linux - 1

Type 📒 Lecture
Date @December 22, 2021

Lecture # 3

Lecture URL https://youtu.be/DIpBEmRDHnw

Notion URL https://21f1003586.notion.site/Simple-Commands-in-Linux-1-3e5b2c25e6d04a7499afcb89af041b20

Week # 1

Some basic commands


date → Date and time

date -R → Gives the date in RFC5322 standard

cal → Calendar of a month

free → Memory statistics

free -h → Makes the output human readable

groups → Groups to which the user belongs

Simple Commands in Linux - 1 1


idk what the junk is this

file → What type of a file it is

cd - → To visit the previous directory we were in

Typical output of ls -l

File types
- → Regular file

d → Directory

l → Symbolic link

c → Character file

b → Block file

s → Socket file

p → Named pipe

inode (Read: eye node)


ls -l <name>

An entry in the filesystem table about the location in storage media

Permission string

Simple Commands in Linux - 1 2


To modify permissions
Create a folder

mkdir <folder-name>

chmod g-w <folder-name> to remove the write permission from the group

Similarly, chmod g-x <folder-name> to remove the execute permission from the group

To add permission, chmod g+w <folder-name> to give write permission to the group

So, a general structure of permission syntax is something like ...

chmod <user-group><plus/minus><r/w/x> <folder-name/file-name>

Where <user-group> are ...

u → User

g → Group

o → Others

<plus/minus> are ...

- → To remove permission

+ → To add permission

<r/w/x> are ...

r → Read

w → Write

x → Execute

We can also use numerical values for permissions

chmod 700 <folder-name> to give the rwx permission to user only

touch command
Used to modify the timestamp of a file or folder

If a file does not exist, it will be created

touch <file-name> to create a new file

chmod 700 <file-name> to give rwx permission to user only

cp command

Simple Commands in Linux - 1 3


cp <file-name> <new-name> to copy a file to a new name

cp <file-name> <new-path> can be used to copy a file to a new path

mv command
mv <file-name> <new-path> to move a file to a new path

mv <file-name> <new-file-name> can be used to rename a file

Also, use quotation marks if the file name includes a space

rm command
rm <file-name> to remove a file

IT WILL NOT ASK FOR YOUR CONFIRMATION

Just straight up delete

This is the default behaviour

We can pass -i flag for the confirm remove prompt

Alias
We can also set an alias for long commands, for example ...

alias ll="ls -altrhF"

Know current user

whoami

Read a text file, page-by-page

less <file-name>

To know the type of a file

file <file-name>

Some commands
chmod → Change permissions of a file

touch → Change modified timestamp of a file

cp → Create a copy of a file

mv → Rename/Move a file

mkdir → Create a directory

rm → Remove a file

Simple Commands in Linux - 1 4

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