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    Lab Report 1

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    buiiianna1995
    1. The document is a lab report summarizing experiments on plant and animal cell observation and osmosis in plant cells. 2. Key results include identifying cellular structures of onion and human cheek cells under the microscope, such as the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Differences between plant and animal cells are also discussed. 3. An experiment on osmosis in plant cells demonstrates that plant cells placed in hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions either swell, maintain shape, or shrink, respectively, depending on the solution concentration.

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    Lab Report 1

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    buiiianna1995
    74 views5 pages
    1. The document is a lab report summarizing experiments on plant and animal cell observation and osmosis in plant cells. 2. Key results include identifying cellular structures of onion and human cheek cells under the microscope, such as the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Differences between plant and animal cells are also discussed. 3. An experiment on osmosis in plant cells demonstrates that plant cells placed in hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions either swell, maintain shape, or shrink, respectively, depending on the solution concentration.

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    1. The document is a lab report summarizing experiments on plant and animal cell observation and osmosis in plant cells. 2. Key results include identifying cellular structures of onion and human cheek cells under the microscope, such as the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Differences between plant and animal cells are also discussed. 3. An experiment on osmosis in plant cells demonstrates that plant cells placed in hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions either swell, maintain shape, or shrink, respectively, depending on the solution concentration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    74 views5 pages

    Lab Report 1

    Uploaded by

    buiiianna1995
    1. The document is a lab report summarizing experiments on plant and animal cell observation and osmosis in plant cells. 2. Key results include identifying cellular structures of onion and human cheek cells under the microscope, such as the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Differences between plant and animal cells are also discussed. 3. An experiment on osmosis in plant cells demonstrates that plant cells placed in hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions either swell, maintain shape, or shrink, respectively, depending on the solution concentration.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    LAB REPORT 1

    Course name (and course’s ID): Practice in Biology S1_2023-24_G06


    Instructor: Ms. Phạm Hồng Điệp
    Group number: 5 – Saturday afternoon
    Group member (name and ID): Phạm Hữu Tuấn Anh BTBTIU23119
    Bùi Ngọc Thảo My BTBTIU23134
    Trần Bảo Ngọc BTBTIU23145
    Trần Vũ Thanh Thảo BTBTIU23115
    Date of submission: 04/11/2023

    1
    I/ PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS OBSERVATION
    1/- Introduction: The microscope allows for the observation of a very small objects that are invisible to
    the human naked eye. We can alter it with different illumination for certain use and specimen to see the
    details. Compound microscope is used the most for viewing samples at a high magnification (40-1000x)
    with 2 sets of lenses: the ocular lens (eyepieces) and objective lens.
    Cells are known as the basic unit of life. Animal cell and plant cell are eukaryote cell, where DNA
    locates in the nucleus and contains membrane-bound organelles. By investigating the structure of a typical
    plant cell, onion epidermis cell and a human cheek cell epithelium, the similarities and differences exist
    because of varied life functions. During the preparation for the lab experiment, the cell is stained in water
    of Lugol, and it helps to distinguish the nucleus as it appears darker than the surrounding cytoplasm.
    Osmosis is the movement of a solvent (typically water) across a semi-permeable membrane from an
    area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration. The three types of osmosis solutions are
    Isotonic (concentration of a solution (COAS) = concentration inside cell sap (CICS) ), Hypertonic (COAS
    > CICS) and Hypotonic (COAS < CICS).

    2/- Procedure:
    - Onion cells:
    1. Remove a scale from the onion
    2. Peel a thin layer of onion from its inner surface
    3. Place the epidermis layer flat on a slide. Remove the air bubbles
    4. Put a coverslip on the onion tissue
    5. Observe the slide with microscope under low power

    - Human cheek cells:


    1. Gently scrape the inside of your cheek using a flat clean toothpick.
    2. Smear the toothpick on the slide to spread the saliva and cells
    3. Put on a coverslip
    4. Observe at very low light intensity
    5. Select a cell that is clear, center it in the field of vision, and switch to high power
    6. Focus using the fine adjustment knob

    2
    3/- Results: Identify cellular membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm:
    Plant Cells – Onion Epidermis Cells observed under microscope:

    Figure I.1. 4x objective lense Figure I.2. 10x objective lense Figure I.3. 40x objective lense

    Animal Cells – Human Cheek Cell Epithelium observed under microscope:

    Figure I.4. 10x objective lense

    4/- Discussion:

    1. What is the function of Lugol solution in these experiments?


    Lugol solution is often used to stain cells before microscopic examination to enhance the visibility of
    the cells.
    2. What is the difference between plant cells and animal cells?

    Plant cells Animal cells

    Have cell wall + cell membrane Have cell membrane

    Have large vacuole Have very small vacuoles

    Contain chloroplasts Do not contain chloroplasts

    Have fixed and rigid shape Have round and irregular shapes
    Can synthesize their own nutrients such as amino
    Cannot synthesize their own nutrients
    acids, vitamins, coenzymes

    No centrosomes and centrioles Contain centrosomes and centrioles

    3
    II/ OSMOSIS IN PLANT CELLS
    1/- Introduction:
    Diffusion the net movement of molecules from the regions of higher solute concentration to the regions
    of lower solute concentration. Osmosis is a special form of diffusion in which water molecules flow across
    a differentially permeable membrane from a solution a with lower solute concentration to a solution with a
    higher solute concentration.
    Cellular membrane is a type of differentially permeable membrane. Since the water must lose energy as
    it moves by osmosis, water must move from an area of greater water potential to an area of lower water
    potential:
    • Hypertonic solution has water potential outside the cell lower than inside the cell, then there will be a
    net movement of water out of the cell.
    • Hypotonic solution has water potential outside the cell greater than inside the cell, then osmosis will be
    a spontaneous net movement of water into the cell.
    • In isotonic solution, the water potential on each side of a cell membrane is the same, there will be no
    net movement of water across the membrane. Osmotic pressure of a solution is proportional to the effective
    concentration of dissolved particles, regardless of the size or chemical nature of the particle.
    Demontrate and observe the osmosis and osmotic pressure using epidemic plant cells from Zebrina
    pendula leaf.

    2/- Procedure: 1. Use a scalpel to peel a thin epidermis layer (purple side) of the Zebrina pendula leaf.
    Prepare 3 samples.
    2. In each sample, put a small drop of 0.85% NaCl, 5% NaCl or water on a clean glass slide.
    3. Place the peeled layer to the saline on the slide. Put on a coverslip.
    4. Observe the plant cells with the high power lens (40x).
    5. Observe the plant cells and the difference among samples that occur as the solutions reach them.

    3/- Results: Zebrina pendula leaf cells observed under microscope with 10x objective lens:

    Figure II.1. 0.85% NaCl Figure II.2. Water Figure II.3. 5% NaCl

    The plant cells are The plant cells The plant cells
    stable in shape swell up and burst are shrink

    4
    4/- Discussion:

    a) Explain the phenomenon.


    0.85% NaCl Water 5% NaCl

    The concentration of salt The concentration of salt The concentration of salt


    ions in the solution is ions in the solution is ions in the solution is
    Concentration of
    equal concentration lower than the higher than the
    NaCl
    inside the plant cells. concentration inside the concentration inside the
    plant cell. plant cell.

    The system is in dynamic Most water molecules Most water molecules


    Molecules equilibrium; particles are rush in the cells because rush out of the cells.
    movement continue to move, but the they aren’t obstructed by
    net movement is zero. solute partical.

    The cell neither grows The plant cell will begin The plant cell will begin
    Result
    nor shrinks. to shrink. to shrink.

    b) When putting plant cells in concentrated NaCl, plasmolysis happened. When putting animal cells in
    water, hemolysis occurred. What makes the phenomenon in plant cells different from in animal cells?

    Compare with animal cells, plant cells are surrounded by cellulose cell wall and also have a vacuole that
    contain a high concentration of solutes.

    When putting plant cells in concentrated NaCl, water will begin rusing out of the cells, some water will
    come in but the overall movement of the water molecules will be outwards. As a result, the plant cell will
    begin to shrink and plasmolysis happened.

    When putting animal cells in water, water will begin rushing in the cells, but animal cells don’t have
    cellulose cell wall to protect the cell membrane. As a result, the animal cells swell and ultimately bust.

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