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    Wormhole Theory

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    Alexandri Ro
    Wormholes are theoretical shortcuts through spacetime first proposed by Einstein and Rosen in 1935. They would connect two distant points and reduce travel time and distance. However, wormholes have not been discovered and their existence and properties are still hypothetical. They would require exotic matter to form and stabilize, and future technology may be able to utilize them if found, but human travel through wormholes is considered unlikely given our current understanding of physics.

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    Wormhole Theory

    Uploaded by

    Alexandri Ro
    58 views3 pages
    Wormholes are theoretical shortcuts through spacetime first proposed by Einstein and Rosen in 1935. They would connect two distant points and reduce travel time and distance. However, wormholes have not been discovered and their existence and properties are still hypothetical. They would require exotic matter to form and stabilize, and future technology may be able to utilize them if found, but human travel through wormholes is considered unlikely given our current understanding of physics.

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    WORMHOLE THEORY

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    Wormholes are theoretical shortcuts through spacetime first proposed by Einstein and Rosen in 1935. They would connect two distant points and reduce travel time and distance. However, wormholes have not been discovered and their existence and properties are still hypothetical. They would require exotic matter to form and stabilize, and future technology may be able to utilize them if found, but human travel through wormholes is considered unlikely given our current understanding of physics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    58 views3 pages

    Wormhole Theory

    Uploaded by

    Alexandri Ro
    Wormholes are theoretical shortcuts through spacetime first proposed by Einstein and Rosen in 1935. They would connect two distant points and reduce travel time and distance. However, wormholes have not been discovered and their existence and properties are still hypothetical. They would require exotic matter to form and stabilize, and future technology may be able to utilize them if found, but human travel through wormholes is considered unlikely given our current understanding of physics.

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    WORMHOLE THEORY

    Wormholes were first theorized in 1916, though that wasn't what they were called
    at the time. While reviewing another physicist's solution to the equations in Albert
    Einstein's theory of general relativity, Austrian physicist Ludwig Flamm realized
    another solution was possible. He described a "white hole," a theoretical time
    reversal of a black hole. Entrances to both black and white holes could be connected
    by a space-time conduit.
    In 1935, Einstein and physicist Nathan Rosen used the theory of general relativity to
    elaborate on the idea, proposing the existence of "bridges" through space-time.
    These bridges connect two different points in space-time, theoretically creating a
    shortcut that could reduce travel time and distance. The shortcuts came to be
    called Einstein-Rosen bridges, or wormholes.

    "The whole thing is very hypothetical at this point," said Stephen Hsu, a professor of
    theoretical physics at the University of Oregon, told our sister site, LiveScience. "No
    one thinks we're going to find a wormhole anytime soon."
    Wormholes contain two mouths, with a throat connecting the two, according to an
    article published in the Journal of High Energy Physics (2020). The mouths would
    most likely be spheroidal. The throat might be a straight stretch, but it could also
    wind around, taking a longer path than a more conventional route might require.
    Einstein's theory of general relativity mathematically predicts the existence of
    wormholes, but none have been discovered to date. A negative mass wormhole
    might be spotted by the way its gravity affects light that passes by.
    Certain solutions of general relativity allow for the existence of wormholes where
    the mouth of each is a black hole. However, a naturally occurring black hole,
    formed by the collapse of a dying star, does not by itself create a wormhole.

    THROUGH THE WORMHOLE


    Science fiction is filled with tales of traveling through wormholes. But the reality of
    such travel is more complicated, and not just because we've yet to spot one.
    The first problem is size. Primordial wormholes are predicted to exist on
    microscopic levels, about 10–33 centimeters. However, as the universe expands, it is
    possible that some may have been stretched to larger sizes.

    The universe began expanding immediately after the Big Bang. (Image credit: Getty)
    Another problem comes from stability. The predicted Einstein-Rosen wormholes
    would be useless for travel because they collapse quickly.
    "You would need some very exotic type of matter in order to stabilize a wormhole,"
    said Hsu, "and it's not clear whether such matter exists in the universe."

    But more recent research found that a wormhole containing "exotic" matter could
    stay open and unchanging for longer periods of time.

    Exotic matter, which should not be confused with dark matter or antimatter, contains
    negative energy density and a large negative pressure. Such matter has only been
    seen in the behavior of certain vacuum states as part of quantum field theory.
    If a wormhole contained sufficient exotic matter, whether naturally occurring or
    artificially added, it could theoretically be used as a method of sending information
    or travelers through space, according Live Science. Unfortunately, human journeys
    through the space tunnels may be challenging.
    "The jury is not in, so we just don't know," physicist Kip Thorne, one of the world's
    leading authorities on relativity, black holes and wormholes, told Space.com. "But
    there are very strong indications that wormholes that a human could travel through
    are forbidden by the laws of physics. That's sad, that's unfortunate, but that's the
    direction in which things are pointing."

    HOW DO WORMHOLES WORK?


    Wormholes may not only connect two separate regions within the universe, they
    could also connect two different universes. Similarly, some scientists have
    conjectured that if one mouth of a wormhole is moved in a specific manner, it could
    allow for time travel.
    "You can go into the future or into the past using traversable wormholes,"
    astrophysicist Eric Davis told LiveScience. But it won't be easy: "It would take a
    Herculean effort to turn a wormhole into a time machine. It's going to be tough
    enough to pull off a wormhole."
    However, British cosmologist Stephen Hawking has argued that such use is not
    possible.
    "A wormhole is not really a means of going back in time, it's a short cut, so that
    something that was far away is much closer," according to NASA's Eric Christian.
    Although adding exotic matter to a wormhole might stabilize it to the point that
    human passengers could travel safely through it, there is still the possibility that the
    addition of "regular" matter would be sufficient to destabilize the portal.

    Today's technology is insufficient to enlarge or stabilize wormholes, even if they


    could be found. However, scientists continue to explore the concept as a method of
    space travel with the hope that technology will eventually be able to utilize them.
    "You would need some of super-super-advanced technology," Hsu said. "Humans
    won't be doing this any time in the near future."

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