Workplace Housekeeping - Basic Guide : OSH Answers Page 1 of 7

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Workplace Housekeeping - Basic Guide

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Why should we pay attention to housekeeping at

work?
Effective housekeeping can eliminate some workplace hazards and help get a job
done safely and properly. Poor housekeeping can frequently contribute to
accidents by hiding hazards that cause injuries. If the sight of paper, debris,
clutter and spills is accepted as normal, then other more serious health and safety
hazards may be taken for granted.

Housekeeping is not just cleanliness. It includes keeping work areas neat and
orderly; maintaining halls and floors free of slip and trip hazards; and removing of
waste materials (e.g., paper, cardboard) and other fire hazards from work areas.
It also requires paying attention to important details such as the layout of the
whole workplace, aisle marking, the adequacy of storage facilities, and
maintenance. Good housekeeping is also a basic part of accident and fire
prevention.

Effective housekeeping is an ongoing operation: it is not a hit-and-miss cleanup

done occasionally. Periodic "panic" cleanups are costly and ineffective in reducing
accidents.

What is the purpose of workplace housekeeping?

Poor housekeeping can be a cause of accidents, such as:

• tripping over loose objects on floors, stairs and platforms

• being hit by falling objects
• slipping on greasy, wet or dirty surfaces
• striking against projecting, poorly stacked items or misplaced material
• cutting, puncturing, or tearing the skin of hands or other parts of the body on
projecting nails, wire or steel strapping

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To avoid these hazards, a workplace must "maintain" order throughout a

workday. Although this effort requires a great deal of management and planning,
the benefits are many.

What are some benefits of good housekeeping

practices?
Effective housekeeping results in:

• reduced handling to ease the flow of materials

• fewer tripping and slipping accidents in clutter-free and spill-free work areas
• decreased fire hazards
• lower worker exposures to hazardous substances (e.g. dusts, vapours)
• better control of tools and materials, including inventory and supplies
• more efficient equipment cleanup and maintenance
• better hygienic conditions leading to improved health
• more effective use of space
• reduced property damage by improving preventive maintenance
• less janitorial work
• improved morale
• improved productivity (tools and materials will be easy to find)

How do I plan a good housekeeping program?

A good housekeeping program plans and manages the orderly storage and
movement of materials from point of entry to exit. It includes a material flow plan
to ensure minimal handling. The plan also ensures that work areas are not used
as storage areas by having workers move materials to and from work areas as
needed. Part of the plan could include investing in extra bins and more frequent
disposal.

The costs of this investment could be offset by the elimination of repeated

handling of the same material and more effective use of the workers' time. Often,
ineffective or insufficient storage planning results in materials being handled and
stored in hazardous ways. Knowing the plant layout and the movement of
materials throughout the workplace can help plan work procedures.

Worker training is an essential part of any good housekeeping program. Workers

need to know how to work safely with the products they use. They also need to
know how to protect other workers such as by posting signs (e.g., "Wet - Slippery
Floor") and reporting any unusual conditions.

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Housekeeping order is "maintained" not "achieved." Cleaning and organization

must be done regularly, not just at the end of the shift. Integrating housekeeping
into jobs can help ensure this is done. A good housekeeping program identifies
and assigns responsibilities for the following:

• clean up during the shift

• day-to-day cleanup
• waste disposal
• removal of unused materials
• inspection to ensure cleanup is complete

Do not forget out-of-the-way places such as shelves, basements, sheds, and

boiler rooms that would otherwise be overlooked. The orderly arrangement of
operations, tools, equipment and supplies is an important part of a good
housekeeping program.

The final addition to any housekeeping program is inspection. It is the only way to
check for deficiencies in the program so that changes can be made. The
documents on workplace inspection checklists provide a general guide and
examples of checklists for inspecting offices
(http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/list_off.html) and manufacturing
facilities (http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/list_mft.html).

What are the elements of an effective

housekeeping program?

Dust and Dirt Removal

In some jobs, enclosures and exhaust ventilation systems may fail to collect dust,
dirt and chips adequately. Vacuum cleaners are suitable for removing light dust
and dirt. Industrial models have special fittings for cleaning walls, ceilings, ledges,
machinery, and other hard-to-reach places where dust and dirt may accumulate.

Special-purpose vacuums are useful for removing hazardous substances. For

example, vacuum cleaners fitted with HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filters
may be used to capture fine particles of asbestos or fibreglass.

Dampening (wetting) floors or using sweeping compounds before sweeping

reduces the amount of airborne dust. The dust and grime that collect in places
like shelves, piping, conduits, light fixtures, reflectors, windows, cupboards and
lockers may require manual cleaning.

Compressed air (../safety_haz/compressed_air.html) should not be used for

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removing dust, dirt or chips from equipment or work surfaces.

Employee Facilities
Employee facilities need to be adequate, clean and well maintained. Lockers are
necessary for storing employees' personal belongings. Washroom facilities
require cleaning once or more each shift. They also need to have a good supply
of soap, towels plus disinfectants, if needed.

If workers are using hazardous materials, employee facilities should provide

special precautions such as showers, washing facilities and change rooms. Some
facilities may require two locker rooms with showers between. Using such double
locker rooms allows workers to shower off workplace contaminants and prevents
them from contaminating their "street clothes" by keeping their work clothes
separated from the clothing that they wear home.

Smoking, eating or drinking in the work area should be prohibited where toxic
materials are handled. The eating area should be separate from the work area
and should be cleaned properly each shift.

Surfaces
Floors: Poor floor conditions are a leading cause of accidents so cleaning up
spilled oil and other liquids at once is important. Allowing chips, shavings and dust
to accumulate can also cause accidents. Trapping chips, shavings and dust
before they reach the floor or cleaning them up regularly can prevent their
accumulation. Areas that cannot be cleaned continuously, such as entrance
ways, should have anti-slip flooring. Keeping floors in good order also means
replacing any worn, ripped, or damaged flooring that poses a tripping hazard.

Walls: Light-coloured walls reflect light while dirty or dark-coloured walls absorb
light. Contrasting colours warn of physical hazards and mark obstructions such as
pillars. Paint can highlight railings, guards and other safety equipment, but should
never be used as a substitute for guarding. The program should outline the
regulations and standards for colours.

Maintain Light Fixtures

Dirty light fixtures reduce essential light levels. Clean light fixtures can improve
lighting efficiency significantly.

Aisles and Stairways

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Aisles should be wide enough to accommodate people and vehicles comfortably

and safely. Aisle space allows for the movement of people, products and
materials. Warning signs and mirrors can improve sight-lines in blind corners.
Arranging aisles properly encourages people to use them so that they do not take
shortcuts through hazardous areas.

Keeping aisles and stairways clear is important. They should not be used for
temporary "overflow" or "bottleneck" storage. Stairways and aisles also require
adequate lighting.

Spill Control
The best way to control spills is to stop them before they happen. Regularly
cleaning and maintaining machines and equipment is one way. Another is to use
drip pans and guards where possible spills might occur. When spills do occur, it is
important to clean them up immediately. Absorbent materials are useful for wiping
up greasy, oily or other liquid spills. Used absorbents must be disposed of
properly and safely.

Tools and Equipment

Tool housekeeping is very important, whether in the tool room, on the rack, in the
yard, or on the bench. Tools require suitable fixtures with marked locations to
provide orderly arrangement, both in the tool room and near the work bench.
Returning them promptly after use reduces the chance of being misplaced or lost.
Workers should regularly inspect, clean and repair all tools and take any
damaged or worn tools out of service.

Maintenance
The maintenance of buildings and equipment may be the most important element
of good housekeeping. Maintenance involves keeping buildings, equipment and
machinery in safe, efficient working order and in good repair. This includes
maintaining sanitary facilities and regularly painting and cleaning walls. Broken
windows, damaged doors, defective plumbing and broken floor surfaces can
make a workplace look neglected; these conditions can cause accidents and
affect work practices. So it is important to replace or fix broken or damaged items
as quickly as possible. A good maintenance program provides for the inspection,
maintenance, upkeep and repair of tools, equipment, machines and processes.

Waste Disposal

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The regular collection, grading and sorting of scrap contribute to good

housekeeping practices. It also makes it possible to separate materials that can
be recycled from those going to waste disposal facilities.

Allowing material to build up on the floor wastes time and energy since additional
time is required for cleaning it up. Placing scrap containers near where the waste
is produced encourages orderly waste disposal and makes collection easier. All
waste receptacles should be clearly labelled (e.g., recyclable glass, plastic, scrap
metal, etc.).

Storage
Good organization of stored materials is essential for overcoming material storage
problems whether on a temporary or permanent basis. There will also be fewer
strain injuries if the amount of handling is reduced, especially if less manual
materials handling is required. The location of the stockpiles should not interfere
with work but they should still be readily available when required. Stored materials
should allow at least one metre (or about three feet) of clear space under
sprinkler heads.

Stacking cartons and drums on a firm foundation and cross tying them, where
necessary, reduces the chance of their movement. Stored materials should not
obstruct aisles, stairs, exits, fire equipment, emergency eyewash fountains,
emergency showers, or first aid stations. All storage areas should be clearly
marked.

Flammable, combustible, toxic and other hazardous materials should be stored in

approved containers in designated areas that are appropriate for the different
hazards that they pose. Storage of materials should meet all requirements
specified in the fire codes and the regulations of environmental and occupational
health and safety agencies in your jurisdiction.

Document last updated on June 23, 2008

Document confirmed current on June 6, 2014

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Date modified:
2017-04-05

5/04/2017