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    Dysthymia

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    Swetha A
    This document summarizes dysthymia, also known as persistent depressive disorder. It is a chronic form of depression with symptoms that last for at least two years. Symptoms include low mood, low self-esteem, loss of interest in activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause. It is caused by genetic, environmental, and psychological factors and can be treated through counseling, antidepressants, or electroconvulsive therapy. Over 100 million people are estimated to have dysthymia globally.

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    Dysthymia

    Uploaded by

    Swetha A
    6 views1 page
    This document summarizes dysthymia, also known as persistent depressive disorder. It is a chronic form of depression with symptoms that last for at least two years. Symptoms include low mood, low self-esteem, loss of interest in activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause. It is caused by genetic, environmental, and psychological factors and can be treated through counseling, antidepressants, or electroconvulsive therapy. Over 100 million people are estimated to have dysthymia globally.

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    This document summarizes dysthymia, also known as persistent depressive disorder. It is a chronic form of depression with symptoms that last for at least two years. Symptoms include low mood, low self-esteem, loss of interest in activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause. It is caused by genetic, environmental, and psychological factors and can be treated through counseling, antidepressants, or electroconvulsive therapy. Over 100 million people are estimated to have dysthymia globally.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views1 page

    Dysthymia

    Uploaded by

    Swetha A
    This document summarizes dysthymia, also known as persistent depressive disorder. It is a chronic form of depression with symptoms that last for at least two years. Symptoms include low mood, low self-esteem, loss of interest in activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause. It is caused by genetic, environmental, and psychological factors and can be treated through counseling, antidepressants, or electroconvulsive therapy. Over 100 million people are estimated to have dysthymia globally.

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    Dysthymia
    Article Talk

    For the genus of moth, see Dysthymia (moth).

    Dysthymia (/dɪsˈθaɪmiǝ/ dihs-THIY-mee-uh),


    also known as persistent depressive
    disorder (PDD),[3] is a mental and behavioral
    disorder,[5] specifically a disorder primarily of
    mood, consisting of similar cognitive and
    physical problems as major depressive
    disorder, but with longer-lasting symptoms.[3]
    [6][7] The concept was used by Robert Spitzer
    as a replacement for the term "depressive
    personality" in the late 1970s.[8]

    Dysthymia

    Other names Persistent depressive


    disorder, dysthymic
    disorder, chronic
    depression[1]

    Specialty Psychiatry, clinical


    psychology

    Symptoms Low mood, low self-


    esteem, loss of
    interest in normally
    enjoyable activities,
    low energy, pain
    without a clear
    cause[2]

    Complications Self harm, suicide

    Usual onset Normally early


    adulthood

    Causes Genetic,
    environmental, and
    psychological
    factors[2]

    Risk factors Family history, major


    life changes, certain
    medications, chronic
    health problems,
    substance use
    disorders[2][3]

    Treatment Counseling,
    antidepressant
    medication,
    electroconvulsive
    therapy[2]

    Frequency 104 million (2015)[4]

    In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of


    Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV), dysthymia is a
    serious state of chronic depression, which
    persists for at least two years (one year for
    children and adolescents). Dysthymia is not a
    minor form of major depressive disorder, and
    for some may be more disabling.[9]

    As dysthymia is a chronic disorder, those with


    the condition may experience symptoms for
    many years before it is diagnosed, if diagnosis
    occurs at all. As a result, they may believe that
    depression is a part of their character, so they
    may not even discuss their symptoms with
    doctors, family members or friends. In the
    DSM-5, dysthymia is replaced by persistent
    depressive disorder.[3] This new condition
    includes both chronic major depressive
    disorder and the previous dysthymic disorder.
    The reason for this change is that there was no
    evidence for meaningful differences between
    these two conditions.[10]

    Signs and symptoms

    Dysthymia characteristics include an extended


    period of depressed mood combined with at
    least two other symptoms which may include
    insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue or low
    energy, eating changes (more or less), low
    self-esteem, or feelings of hopelessness. Poor
    concentration or difficulty making decisions
    are treated as another possible symptom.
    Irritability is one of the more common
    symptoms in children and adolescents.[3][11][12]

    Mild degrees of dysthymia may result in people


    withdrawing from stress and avoiding
    opportunities for failure. In more severe cases
    of dysthymia, people may withdraw from daily
    activities.[13] They will usually find little
    pleasure in usual activities and pastimes.

    Diagnosis of dysthymia can be difficult


    because of the subtle nature of the symptoms
    and patients can often hide them in social
    situations, making it challenging for others to
    detect symptoms. Additionally, dysthymia
    often occurs at the same time as other
    psychological disorders, which adds a level of
    complexity in determining the presence of
    dysthymia, particularly because there is often
    an overlap in the symptoms of disorders.[14]

    There is a high incidence of comorbid illness in


    those with dysthymia. Suicidal behavior is also
    a particular problem with those with
    dysthymia. It is vital to look for signs of major
    depression, panic disorder, generalised anxiety
    disorder, alcohol and substance use disorders,
    and personality disorder.[15]

    Causes

    Pathophysiology

    Diagnosis

    Prevention

    Treatments

    Epidemiology

    See also

    References

    External links

    Last edited 6 days ago by Opencooper

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