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    Factors Affecting TM and TG: BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

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    Umashankar S
    The document discusses several factors that affect the glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of polymers: 1. Both Tg and Tm increase with increasing chain stiffness, which can be achieved through bulky side groups, polar groups, double bonds, or aromatic groups. 2. Common polymeric materials have a wide range of Tg and Tm values, from -110°C to 327°C. 3. Molecular weight, chain length, and molecular weight distribution influence many physical and mechanical properties of polymers. Higher average molecular weight leads to stronger intermolecular interactions and improved properties.

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    Factors Affecting TM and TG: BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

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    Umashankar S
    23 views11 pages
    The document discusses several factors that affect the glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of polymers: 1. Both Tg and Tm increase with increasing chain stiffness, which can be achieved through bulky side groups, polar groups, double bonds, or aromatic groups. 2. Common polymeric materials have a wide range of Tg and Tm values, from -110°C to 327°C. 3. Molecular weight, chain length, and molecular weight distribution influence many physical and mechanical properties of polymers. Higher average molecular weight leads to stronger intermolecular interactions and improved properties.

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    The document discusses several factors that affect the glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of polymers: 1. Both Tg and Tm increase with increasing chain stiffness, which can be achieved through bulky side groups, polar groups, double bonds, or aromatic groups. 2. Common polymeric materials have a wide range of Tg and Tm values, from -110°C to 327°C. 3. Molecular weight, chain length, and molecular weight distribution influence many physical and mechanical properties of polymers. Higher average molecular weight leads to stronger intermolecular interactions and improved properties.

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    23 views11 pages

    Factors Affecting TM and TG: BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

    Uploaded by

    Umashankar S
    The document discusses several factors that affect the glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of polymers: 1. Both Tg and Tm increase with increasing chain stiffness, which can be achieved through bulky side groups, polar groups, double bonds, or aromatic groups. 2. Common polymeric materials have a wide range of Tg and Tm values, from -110°C to 327°C. 3. Molecular weight, chain length, and molecular weight distribution influence many physical and mechanical properties of polymers. Higher average molecular weight leads to stronger intermolecular interactions and improved properties.

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    Factors affecting Tm and Tg

    • Both Tm and Tg increase with increasing chain


    stiffness
    • Chain stiffness increased by
    • Bulky side groups ( e.g. PP Vs PE)
    • Polar groups or side-groups ( PVC vs PP)
    • Double bonds or aromatic chain groups

    BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


    Tg and Tm Values of Common Polymeric
    Materials
    Material Tg (0C) Tm(0C)
    LDPE -110 115
    HDPE -90 137
    PTFE -97 327
    PP -18 175
    Nylon 6,6 57 265
    Polyester (PET) 69 265
    PVC 87 212
    PS 100 240
    BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
    Molecular Weight (MW)

    • Physical and Mechanical properties of Polymer depend


    on the length of polymer chains
    • Chain length is often expressed in terms of the molecular
    weight of the polymer chain,
    • It is related to the relative molecular mass of the
    monomers and the number of monomers connected in
    the chain.
    • In a polymer there exists as a distribution of chain
    lengths and molecular weights.
    • The molecular weight of a polymer must therefore be
    described as average molecular weight.
    σ 𝑁𝑖 𝑀𝑖
    • M n= σ
    𝑁𝑖

    BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


    Molecular Weight Determination

    Group Mol Weight (g/mole)


    1 50000
    2 100,000
    3 200,000
    4 500,000
    5 700,000

    The ratio of number of molecules in each group is 1:4:5:3:1. Find


    the number avg. molecular weight.

    BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


    Implications of MW

    • Molecular weight and its distribution have effect of physical


    and mechanical properties of the polymer.
    • Higher average Mol. Wt. increases the mechanical properties.
    • This can be attributed to two kinds of intermolecular
    interactions viz. Entanglement and Secondary bonding.
    • Higher MW means longer polymer chains and longer chains
    result in more entanglement.
    • Highly entangled polymers chains resist sliding over each
    other.
    • Additional energy is needed to cause their movement.
    • This additional energy can be seen as increase in mechanical
    and thermal properties.
    • Secondary bonds have same effect as that of entanglement.

    BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


    Molecular Weight Distribution (MWD)

    BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


    Melt Flow Index (MFI)

    Test Standard: ASTM D 1238/ ISO1133

    BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


    MFI and its Effect of on Polymer
    Properties #

    • Flow Properties

    Property
    • Impact Strength
    • Tensile Strength
    • ESCR
    • Weatheribility
    • Ductility
    • Chemical
    Resistance

    MFI
    #: Ref: R.J. Crawford, Rotational Moulding, Rapra Review Report, 71
    BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
    Effect of Density on Mech. Properties
    - PE Resins

    BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


    Effect of 1/MFI on Mech. Properties -
    PE Resins

    BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


    Universal Testing Machine (UTM)

    BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

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