U1l1 2 BS

Biomedical Sensors
What Is Biomedical Engineering?
❖ Biomedical engineering or medical engineering is

the application of engineering principles and
design concepts to medicine and biology for
healthcare purposes.
❖ BME is also traditionally known as
"bioengineering", but this term has come to also
refer to biological engineering.
❖ Biomedical bridges the gap between engineering
and medicine, combining the design and
problem-solving skills of engineering with
medical, biological sciences to advance
healthcare treatment, including diagnosis,
monitoring, and therapy.
❖ Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding
biological data. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines computer science, statistics,
mathematics, and engineering to analyze and interpret biological data.
❖ Biomechanics is the study of the structure and function of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at
any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, using the methods of mechanics.
❖ Biomaterial is any matter, surface, or construct that interacts with living systems.
❖ Biomedical optics refers to the interaction of biological tissue and light, and how this can be exploited for
sensing, imaging, and treatment.
❖ Tissue engineering, like genetic engineering (see below), is a major segment of biotechnology – which
overlaps significantly with BME.
❖ Neural engineering (also known as neuroengineering) is a discipline that uses engineering techniques to
understand, repair, replace, or enhance neural systems. Neural engineers are uniquely qualified to solve design
problems at the interface of living neural tissue and non-living constructs.
❖ Pharmaceutical engineering is an interdisciplinary science that includes drug engineering, novel drug delivery and targeting,
pharmaceutical technology, unit operations of Chemical Engineering, and Pharmaceutical Analysis.
❖ Medical devices : A medical device is intended for use in: the diagnosis of disease or other conditions in the cure, mitigation,
treatment, or prevention of disease.
❖ Medical/biomedical imaging is a major segment of medical devices.
❖ Medical Implant is a kind of medical device made to replace and act as a missing biological structure
❖ Bionics Artificial body part replacements are one of the many applications of bionics.
❖ Biomedical sensors Different sensors can be manufactured for specific uses in both diagnosing and monitoring disease
conditions. The sensor monitor the dielectric properties and can thus notice change in tissue (bone, muscle, fat etc.) under the
skin so when measuring at different times during the healing process the response from the sensor will change as the trauma
heals.
❖ Clinical engineering is the branch of biomedical engineering dealing with the actual implementation of medical equipment
and technologies in hospitals or other clinical settings.
❖ Rehabilitation engineering is the systematic application of engineering sciences to design, develop, adapt, test, evaluate,
apply, and distribute technological solutions to problems confronted by individuals with disabilities.
Biomedical Sensors
• In medicine and biotechnology, biomedical sensors are used to detect specific biological, chemical, or
physical processes, which then transmit or report the monitored data. These sensors can also be
components in systems that process clinical samples, such as increasingly common lab-on-a-chip
devices.
• Miniaturized biomedical sensors are also used for measuring muscle displacement, blood pressure, core
body temperature, blood flow, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, and bone growth velocity.
• With more and more people adopting home healthcare services, the demand for medical instruments
that employ biomedical sensors is growing rapidly.
Biomedical sensors
❖What exactly is a sensor?
• Sensor is a device that detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to
it. (Optical, Electrical, Chemical, and Mechanical).
• Transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another and forms.
• Sensors are small, tiny, and often intelligent devices that are used to measure physical variables like
temperature, humidity, gas, velocity, flow rate, pressure, light, electric fields, and so on.
• In medical diagnostics, various sensors are required for digital blood pressure meters, digital thermometers,
spirometers, peak-flow meters, respiration pulse oximeters, and amongst others, location sensors based on
magnetic fields.
❖Classifying Sensors
• Measurand
• Power/Energy
• Signal Conversion
• Physical
• Output signal
• Sensor material
• Comparability
• Specification
• Application
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1109/htm
http://ijlalhaider.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/64130986/A%20Sensor%20Classification%20Scheme.pdf
Types of Biomedical sensors
A physical sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity (like temperature) and converts it into a signal which can be read
by an observer or by an instrument.
18BMC201J BIOSENSORS
Unit I: Fundamentals of measurement system

Contents for Unit 1
Measurement system
- Measurement terminologies
- Classification of Instruments
- Functional elements of an Instrument
- Types of Instruments, Instruments used to display
electrical parameters,
- Advantages of Electronic Instrument,
- Functional elements of a Medical Instrument,
- Salient features of Medical Instruments.
Measurement
Measurement, the process of associating numbers with physical quantities and phenomena.
A measurement is a procedure by which an observer determines the quantity that characterizes the property or state of an
object.
• Sometimes such quantities can be estimated by human sense, for instance through visible observations.
• But, to obtain objective, reproducible, and quantitative results, instruments should be used where the results
are given as the output of the measurement system.
• The physical characteristics of the output depend on the type of instrument used.
• When electronic instruments are used, the output will be in the form of an electric potential.
• This output can also be converted into digital values if desired.

Measurement : A method to obtain information regarding the physical values of the variable.
Reference
Example of Measurement
Methods of Measurement
Comparative Method Coincidence Method
Direct Method
Indirect Method Complementary Method

Deflection Method
Types of Measurement Unit System
• The three standard systems of measurements are the International System of Units (SI) units,
the British Imperial System, and the US Customary System.
• Of these, the International System of Units(SI) units are prominently used.

Instrumentation: Devices used in measurement system
B
A
A. Measurement of length / measuring meters

B. Digital meters ( Display of values)
C. Biomedical Instruments (BP apparatus, Steth…)

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Biomedical Sensors

What Is Biomedical Engineering?

❖ Biomedical engineering or medical engineering is

❖ Medical/biomedical imaging is a major segment of medical devices.

❖What exactly is a sensor?

Unit I: Fundamentals of measurement system

• This output can also be converted into digital values if desired.

Indirect Method Complementary Method

• Of these, the International System of Units(SI) units are prominently used.

A. Measurement of length / measuring meters

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