Mathematical Language and Symbols

Recall of the previous
Discussion
Agree or Disagree?
1. Mathematics is exhibit only through numbers.
2. Mathematics can progress even without
numbers.
3. Every phenomenon, whether scientific or social,
can be explained by mathematics.
4. Patterns that occur in nature are only for arts
appreciation and not for mathematical
explorations.
5. Mathematics is not meant to be learned by
everyone.
MATHEMATICAL
LANGUAGE AND
SYMBOLS
MATHEMATICS AS A
LANGUAGE
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• At the end of the section, you were be able to:
• Classify group of words or symbols as
mathematical expression or mathematical
sentences; and
• Identify the verbs in mathematical sentences
Diagnostics
• Instructions: if you think the statement is
correct, write AGREE. If it is incorrect, write
DISAGREE.
___1. In Mathematical language, a mathematical
expression is considered as Noun.
___2. Just like English sentences, mathematical
sentences have verbs, too.
___3. Mathematics is a language with its own
part of speech.
___4. “5+8 = 13” is a mathematical sentence.
Characteristics of Mathematical
Language
1. It is precise because it can be stated clearly.
2. It is concise because it can be stated briefly.
3. It is powerful because it is capable of
expressing complex ideas into simpler forms.
4. It is nontemporal (i.e., it has no tenses),
making it unique compared to other
languages.
5. It also has vocabulary and parts of speech.
Parts of Speech for Mathematics
• NUMBERS
- are the very first symbols that can be used to
represent quantity. These are nouns (Objects) in
English language.
• OPERATION SYMBOLS
- symbols like +, ÷, ^, and ˅ can act as
connectives in mathematical sentence.
• RELATION SYMBOLS
- symbols such as =, ≤, ≥, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ~ are used for
comparison and act as verbs in the mathematical
language.
Parts of Speech for Mathematics
• GROUPING SYMBOLS
- symbols such as (), {}, and [] are used to
associate groups of numbers and operators.
• VARIABLES
- are letters that represent quantities and
act as pronouns.
MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION
& MATHEMATICAL SENTENCE
• Refers to objects of interest acting as the
subject in the ordinary language.
• A sentence with a complete thought is
mathematical sentences that can be regarded
as true or false.
Example 1
• a. The following are examples of Mathematical
Expression:
4, -5, 5 + 2, 2e (All do not state complete
thoughts)
• b. The following are mathematical sentences:
5 plus 2 is equal to the square root of 49.
5+2 = √49 here the symbol “+” is a connective
while “=“ is the verb. The sentence is true.
Example 1
• b.1
• 10 divided by 2 is less than 3.
• 10÷ 2 < 3, The symbol “÷” is a connective
while the operator “<“ act as the verb. The
statement is false.
Example 2
• Which of the following are sentences?
a. Manila is the capital of the Philippines.
b. The province of Cavite
c. The number 5 is a composite number.
d. x + 1 2
e. x−1=3
Example 2: Solution(s)
a. Manila is the capital of the Philippines.
* This is an English Sentence with “is” as the
verb. The truth value is T since it is true that
Manila is the Capital of the Philippines.
b. The province of Cavite
* This is not a complete thought because it does
not contain any verb.
c. The number 5 is a composite number.
* This is a mathematical sentence with “is” acting
as verb. The statement is false.
d. x + 1 2
* This is just a mathematical expression that
does not contain any relational symbols.
e. x − 1 = 3
• This is a mathematical sentence with symbol
“=“ acting as verb.
• The sentence is true only for x=10
Exercise 1.1
• Answer each question.
1. Find other names for the number “12” using
the following symbols.
a. “+” 8+4 is = 12 or The sum of 8
and 4 is 12.
b. “÷” _________________________________
c. “√” ________________________________
Exercise 1.1
• Answer each question
2. Identify the verb in each sentence. Determine
whether the sentence is true or false.
a. EDSA is the longest road in Metro Manila.
Verb_______ True or False________
b. The Capital of Metro Manila is Quezon City.
c. 8(2) – 6 = 100.
Exercise 1.1
2. Identify the verb in each sentence. Determine
whether the sentence is true or false.
d. 𝜋 < 3
e. 4 – 5 = 5 – 4
Exercise 1.1
3. Classify if each item is an expression (E) or a
sentence (S).
a. Pretty girl __
b. 3+4 = 4+3 __
c. The word “vowel” starts with a consonant. __
d. 5 x 3 __
e. 5 x 5 = 3 x 5 __
f. Hayward got injured in the game. __
g. You and I __
Exercise 1.1
3. Classify if each item is an expression (E) or a
sentence (S).
h. 3x = 3 ___
i. 3x + 4y ___
j. 1(5) = 5 ___
k. x ≤ 5 ___
l. Math is a language. ___

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