12 SETS

10 Chapter 01
Matrices

LIGHT-REFLECTION AND
REFRACTION
LIGHT REFRACTION AND REFLECTION

Previous Year Questions

1. (a) Complete the following ray diagram to show the OR

formation of image : (c) An object 10 cm in size is placed at 100 cm in front
of a concave mirror. If its image is formed at the same
point where the object is located, find

(i) focal length of the mirror, and

(ii) magnification of the image formed with sign as per

Cartesian sign convention.

[CBSE 31-1-1 (2023)]

(b) Mention the nature, position and size of the image 3. An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at
formed in this case. infinity. According to the New Cartesian Sign

(c) State the sign of the image distance in this case using Convention, the sign of the focal length and the sign of

the Cartesian sign convention. the image distance in this case are respectively :

[CBSE 31-1-1 (2023)] (a) + , – (b) – , +

2. Hold a concave mirror in your hand and direct its (c) – , – (d) + , +

reflecting surface towards the sun. Direct the light [CBSE 31-2-1 (2023)]
reflected by the mirror on to a white card-board held 4. (a) A student has focussed the image of an object of
close to the mirror. Move the card-board back and forth height 3 cm on a white screen using a concave mirror of
gradually until you find a bright, sharp spot of light on focal length 12 cm. If the distance of the object from the
the board. This spot of light is the image of the sun on mirror is 18 cm, find the values of the following :
the sheet of paper; which is also termed as "Principal
(i) Distance of the image from the mirror
Focus" of the concave mirror.
(ii) Height of the image

Or

(b) Define power of a lens. The focal length of a lens is

10 cm. Write the nature of the lens and find its power. If
an object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from the
optical centre of this lens, according to the New
Cartesian Sign Convention, what will be the sign of

(a) List two applications of concave mirror. magnification in this case ?

(b) If the distance between the mirror and the principal [CBSE 31-2-1 (2023)]

focus is 15 cm, find the radius of curvature of the mirror. 5. (a) An object is placed in front of a convex lens of focal

(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the type of image length f. If the distance of the object from the lens is 2f,

formed when an object is placed between pole and focus draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image.

of a concave mirror. Write the value of magnification in this case.

 LIGHT REFRACTION AND REFLECTION

(b) A student has focussed the image of a candle flame (i) Determine the speed of light in diamond if the
on a white screen using a convex lens. The situation is refractive index of diamond with respect to vacuum is
as given below : 2.42. Speed of light in vacuum is 3 × 108 m/s.

Length of the flame = 2 cm (ii) Refractive indices of glass, water and carbon

Focal length of the lens = 12 cm disulphide are 1.5, 1.33 and 1.62 respectively. If a ray
of light is incident in these media at the same angle (say
Distance of the flame from the lens = 16 cm
θ), then write the increasing order of the angle of
If the flame is perpendicular to the principal axis of the
refraction in these media.
lens, calculate the values of the following :
(iii) (A) The speed of light in glass is 2 × 108 m/s and in
(i) Distance of the image from the lens
water is 2.25 × 108 m/s.
(ii) Length of the image formed
(a) Which one of the two is optically denser and why ?
[CBSE 31-2-1 (2023)]
(b) A ray of light is incident normally at the water-glass
6. (A) Define the following terms in the context of a
interface when it enters a thick glass container filled
diverging mirror :
with water. What will happen to the path of the ray after
(i) Principal focus entering the glass ? Give reason.
(ii) Focal length Or
Draw a labelled ray diagram to illustrate your answer. (iii) (B) The absolute refractive indices of water and
Or glass are 4/3 and 3/2 respectively. If the speed of light

(B) An object of height 10 cm is placed 25 cm away in glass is 2 × 108 m/s, find the speed of light in (i)

from the optical centre of a converging lens of focal vacuum and (ii) water.

length 15 cm. Calculate the image-distance and height [CBSE 31-4-1 (2023)]
of the image formed. 9. (a) (i) An object of 5 cm height is placed at a distance of
[CBSE 31-4-1 (2023)] 20 cm from the optical centre of a concave lens of focal

7. The power of a lens is +4D. Find the focal length of this length 18 cm. Calculate (1) image distance and (2) the

lens. An object is placed at a distance of 50 cm from the magnification in this case.

optical centre of this lens. State the nature and (ii) Compare the values of magnification obtained by a
magnification of the image formed by the lens and also concave lens and a convex lens when both the lenses
draw a ray diagram to justify your answer. form virtual images.

[CBSE 31-4-1 (2023)] Or

8. The ability of a medium to refract light is expressed in (b) A convex lens can form a (i) real, inverted and
terms of its optical density. Optical density has a definite magnified image as well as (ii) virtual, erect and
connotation. It is not the same asmass density. On magnified image of an object. If the focal length of the
comparing two media, the one with the large refractive lens is 10 cm, what should be the range of the object
index is optically denser medium than the other. The distance in both cases ? Draw ray diagrams to justify
other medium with a lower refractive index is optically your answer.
rarer. Also the speed of light through a given medium is [CBSE 31-5-1 (2023)]
inversely proportional to its optical density.
LIGHT REFRACTION AND REFLECTION

10. Many optical instruments consist of a number of lenses.

They are combined to increase the magnification and
sharpness of the image. The net power (P) of the lenses
placed in contact is given by the algebraic sum of the
powers of the individual lenses P1, P2, P3 … as

P = P1 + P2 + P3 …

This is also termed as the simple additive property of the (a) Which one of the two media is denser w.r.t. other
power of lens, widely used to design lens systems of medium ? Justify your answer.
cameras, microscopes and telescopes. These lens (b) If the speed of light in medium A is va and in
systems can have a combination of convex lenses and
medium B is vb , what is the refractive index of B with
also concave lenses.
respect to A.
(a) What is the nature (convergent / divergent) of the
Or
combination of a convex lens of power + 4 D and a
(a) A ray of light starting from diamond is incident on
concave lens of power – 2 D ?
the interface separating diamond and water. Draw a
(b) Calculate the focal length of a lens of power – 2·5
labelled ray diagram to show the refraction of light in
D.
this case.
(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the nature and position
(b) Absolute refractive indices of diamond and water are
of an image formed by a convex lens of power + 0·1 D,
2.42 and 1.33 respectively. Find the value of refractive
when an object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from its
index of water w.r.t. diamond.
optical centre.
[CBSE 31-6-1 (2023)]
Or
13. A student took three concave mirrors of different focal
(c) How is a virtual image formed by a convex lens
lengths and performed the experiment to see the image
different from that formed by a concave lens ? Under
formation by placing an object at different distances
what conditions do a convex and a concave lens form
with these mirrors as shown in the following table.
virtual images ?
Case No. Object-distance Focal length
[CBSE 31-5-1 (2023)]

11. A student wants to obtain an erect image of an object I 45 cm 20 cm

using a concave mirror of 10 cm focal length. What will II 30 cm 15 cm
be the distance of the object from mirror ?
III 20 cm 30 cm
(a) Less than 10 cm
Now answer the following questions :
(b) 10 cm
(a) List two properties of the image formed in Case I.
(c) between 10 cm and 20 cm
(b) In which one of the cases given in the table, the
(d) more than 20 cm
mirror will form real image of same size and why ?
[CBSE 31-6-1 (2023)]
(c) Name the type of mirror used by dentists. Give
12. A light ray enters from medium A to medium B as
reason why do they use such type of mirrors.
shown in the figure.
Or
 LIGHT REFRACTION AND REFLECTION

(c) Look at the table and identify the situation (object

distance and focal length) which resembles the situation
in which concave mirrors are used as shaving mirrors ?
Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in this
case.

[CBSE 31-6-1 (2023)]

LIGHT REFRACTION AND REFLECTION

Solutions
Therefore, object is placed at centre of curvature (C)
R
f =
2

3. (d)

1. (a) 4. (a) Here h = 3 cm; f = – 12 cm, u = – 18 cm,

A' B' is the image formed. (i) v = ?, h ' = ?

(b) Nature: Virtual and erect 1 1 1
= +
Position: Behind the mirror (between P and F) f v u

Size: Diminished 1 1 1 1 1
= − = −
(c) Positive v f u −12cm −18cm

2. (a) Torches, search light, vehicles head lights, shaving  v = – 36 cm

mirrors, dentist's mirror, Solar furnaces. v
(ii) h ' = −  h
(b) f = 15cm u

R = 2f −36cm
h = ( − )  3cm = −6cm
−18cm
R = 2 × 15 cm = 30 cm
Or

(b) • Power of lens : Ability of a lens to converge or

diverge light rays falling on it / Degree of convergence
or divergence of light achieved by a lens /Reciprocal of
focal length of lens in metre.
(c)
• It is diverging/concave lens
Or
1 100
(c) (i) h = +10cm • P= =
f ( m ) f ( cm )
u = – 100 cm
100
v = – 100 cm P= = −10 D
−10cm
1 1 1
+ = • Sign of magnification = + or positive
v u f

1 1 1
− =
100 100 f

−2 1
=
100 f
5. •
f = – 50 cm
• Magnification = – 1
Alternate answer for (i)
(b) (i) u = – 16 cm; f: + 12 cm
Since u = v
 LIGHT REFRACTION AND REFLECTION

1 1 1 37.5
Formula − = = 10cm
v u f −25 cm

Substitution Result h ' = −15cm

1 1 1 1 1 +1
= + = + + 7. • Focal length of lens, f ( m ) =
1
v u f −16cm 12cm 48cm P
or V = +48 cm or v = +48 cm P = + 4.0 D

v 1
(iv) hi =  h0  f = = 0.25m = 25cm
u +4 D

+48cm • Real and inverted

=  2cm
−16cm • Magnification = – 1
= – 16 cm

Image is 6 cm in size.

6. (A) (i) It is a point on the principal axis of a diverging

mirror from where the rays parallel to principal axis •

appear to diverge after reflection. 8. (i) Refractive index of diamond

(ii) The distance between the pole and the principal Speed of light in vacuum
=
focus of a mirror. Speed of light in diamond

Speed of light in diamond

3 108 m / s
= = 1.23 108 m / s
2.42

(iii) (A)

(a) • Glass

• The speed of light in water is more than the speed of

light in glass. /
Or
Refractive index of glass is more than the refractive
1 1 1
(B) − = index of water.
v u f
(b) Light will enter from water to glass without bending
1 1 1
= + (undeviated / straight) because in this case
v f u
i = 0; r = 0
f = 15 cm, u = – 25 cm, h = 10 cm
Or
1 1 1 2 1
= + = =+ (iii) B
v 15cm −25cm 75 37.5
3
v = 37.5 cm nglass =
2
v
height of the image =  height of the object 4
u nwater =
3
LIGHT REFRACTION AND REFLECTION

vglass = 2  108 m / s (i)

speed of light in vacuum ( c )

nglass =
speed of light glass ( vg )

c = nglass  vglass

3
=  2  108 m / s (ii)
2

= 3 108 m / s

c 3  108 m / s
vwater = =
nwater 4
3

9 10. (a) Convergent

=  108 m / s or 2.25 108 m / s
4
1 1
9. (a) Given, (b) f ( m ) = = = −0.4 m or −40cm
P −2.5
Height of object (h) = 5 cm

Object distance (u) = – 20 cm

Focal length (f) = – 18 cm

Image distance (v) = ?

(c)
1 1 1
(i) (1) − = Or
v u f
(c) • Convex lens - magnified
1 1 1 1 1 18 + 20 
= + = + = −  Concave lens - diminished
v u f −20 −18  360 
• Convex — object between O and F
−38
= Concave - object anywhere between optical centre and
360
infinity.
−360
v= = −9.47cm
38 11. (a)

v −9.47 12. (a) Medium B

(2) m = = = 0.47
u −20 In medium B ray of light bends towards normal /
(ii) For convex lens : m > 1, for concave lens m < 1 r  i

Or (b) Refractive index of Medium 'B' with respect of

va
(3) (i) 20 cm > u > 10 cm / Between 10 cm and 20 cm Medium 'A' is nBA =
vb
(ii) Object distance less than 10 cm / 10 > u > 0
Or
 LIGHT REFRACTION AND REFLECTION

Or

(c) Case III

(a)

n2 a
(b) n21 =
n1a

1.33
or 0.55
2.42

13. (a) Real, inverted, diminished

(b) Case II

Because focal length of mirror is 15 cm, object distance

is 30 cm which means the object is placed at C.

(c) Dentists use concave mirrors

Because concave mirror forms erect and enlarged image

when object is very close to the mirror.