IN-TEXT CITATION

(APA 7 T H

EDITION)
GROUP II
Members:

▪ Kirsten Suropia
▪ Ralph Anthony Malijan
▪ Althea Segaya
▪ Keann Hilton Sistituido
▪ Marnie Anne Naldoza
 IN-TEXT REFERENCING
An in-text citation is a shorter version of a reference
that appears in the body of your work. It provides
enough information to distinguish the source in your
reference list. The standard brief form is as follows:
• family name of the author(s), and
• year of publication.
Whether you're referencing a journal article, a report,
or a video, in-text citations will look the same.
In-text citations can either be in parenthetical form, or
have part of the citation included in the narrative of your
work:
Idea Paraphrased Direct quotation included

Parenthetical Citation Social media users will share Social media users "attempted to
different types of content on curate their shared content
different sites, often basing their depending on how they imagined
decisions on a mental model of their audience on different social
how their audience on each site media platforms" (Pitcan, 2018).
will react (Pitcan, 2018).
Citation included in the Participants in a 2018 study by Participants in a study by Pitcan
narrative Pitcan shared different content on (2018) "attempted to curate their
different social media sites, basing shared content depending on how
their decisions on a mental model they imagined their audience on
of how their audience on each different social media platforms“.
site would react.
PARANTHETICAL
CITATION
The general form is (Author, date), within parentheses.
Parenthetical citation is also known as information-
prominent citation: it is used to emphasise the
information being cited.

A parenthetical citation should directly follow the idea

being cited. Include it within the punctuation of the
sentence. For instance:
... as has been shown in a recent study (Mihrshahi & Baur, 2018),
and discussed at length in the literature in years past (Smith,
2007).
NARRATIVE
CITATION
You do not necessarily need to use parenthetical citations in your work, but
you must include both the author and the date of the work you wish to cite
within the body of your text. There are multiple ways to include a citation
within the narrative. Here are two examples:
Kessler (2014) found that among epidemiological samples . . .

In 2014, Kessler's study of epidemiological samples showed that . . .

Narrative citation is also known as an author-prominent citation. Narrative citations place
more emphasis on the author of the work you are using. This type of citation can introduce
some variety into your writing and will sound more natural in an oral presentation than a
citation at the end of the sentence.
HERE ARE SOME OF THE

KEYWORDS WHEN USING NARRATIVE CITATION:

• observe • calculate • maintain • propose
• discover • examine • stipulate • suspect
• notice • investigate • explain • Speculate
• demonstrate • identify • conclude • argue
• find • prove • clarify • assert
• report • establish • Identify • claim
• describe • Conclude • accept • contend
• determine • comment • believe • deny
• discern • describe • consider • recommend
• show • discuss • view • reject
• assess • point out • see • advocate
• study • note • Question • maintain
• Analyze • Remark • Query • conclude
• Write • Affirm • Think
• stress • emphasize • suggest
 PARENTHETI NARRATIVE
• If the work you are citing has one or two CAL CITATION
authors, include them in your citation every CITATION
time. Separate two authors with an
ampersand (&) in parenthetical citations, but 1 AUTHOR (Smith, 2007) Smith (2007)
write out the word 'and' if discussing the
work in-text.
• If the work has 3 or more authors, your
brief in-text citation will give only the family
2 AUTHORS (Mihrshahi & Mihrshahi and
name of the first author, followed by "et al."
Baur, 2018) Baur (2018)
(which means "and others").
• If the author is
a company, government organization, or
other group, use the full name in your 3 OR MORE (Hewit et al., Hewit et al.
citation. Then all of the subsequent citations AUTHORS 2016) (2016)
will be abbreviated.

GROUP (Department of Department of

AUTHOR Health, 2020) Health (2020)
 DIRECT QUOTATIONS

If you are including a word-for-word quote from another work, you must enclose the quote in
quotation marks and add the page number or numbers to your citation. For electronic sources
where there is no page number, use the paragraph number or section heading.

You may also optionally include a page or paragraph number when it would help the reader locate
the relevant information in a long or complex text, even when you have paraphrased instead of
quoting.

If your quote spans more than one page in the source, use the abbreviation "pp." instead of "p.":
• According to Brown (2019), "Direct quote" (p. 1021).
• Brown (2019) found that "Direct quote" (p. 1021).
• [Some other introduction] "Direct quote" (Brown, 2019, p. 1021).
 Shavers (2007) study found the
If you're directly quoting more than 40 following:
words, use a blockquote. Block quotes While research studies
don't need quotation marks. Instead, have established that
socioeconomic status
indent the text 1/2" as a visual cue that influences disease
you are citing. The in-text citation in incidence, severity and
parentheses goes after the punctuation access to healthcare, there
has been relatively less
of the quote. The entire quote should be study of the specific
double-spaced. Quotation marks are manner in which low SES
influences receipt of quality
not required. care and consequent
morbidity and mortality
Tip: Use direct quotes sparingly! Focus on among patients with
summarizing the findings from multiple similar disease
research studies. In the sciences and social characteristics,
sciences, only use the exact phrasing or particularly among those
argument of an individual when necessary. who have gained access to
the healthcare system. (p.
1021)
ADDITIONAL INFO
What if the work has no publication date?
If you are citing a work with no publication date, use the abbreviation for "no date" in
place of the year of publication.: n.d.
Work with no publication date
(Garcia & Klein, n.d.)
How do we cite multiple works?
When citing multiple works in the same parentheses, citations are presented in
alphabetical order, separated with semicolons.

While other positive psychology constructs (e.g., resilience, hope, core self-evaluations,
social support) have been studied in people with MS (Alschuler et al., 2018;
Arewasikporn et al., 2018; Farber et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2020; Lynch et al., 2001; Madan
& Pakenham, 2014), there is a dearth of research examining grit in this population.
• Although APA 7th does not require page
numbers when paraphrasing another's work, you
may choose to include page numbers,
particularly when dealing with a lengthy or
complex document.

A number of holistic practices and dispositions

can be applied when training or coaching athletes
to increase the likelihood of athletes getting into
'the Zone' (Leskowitz, 2017, p. 324)
Citing Secondary Sources
in text, name the original work and give the citation for the source where
you found the information. Where the year of publication for the original
work is known, include it. For example:

Sue reads an article by Chris Brown in the Journal of Library Administration in

which he cites or refers to statements made by Ulrich Boser in his 2017 book
‘Learn Better’. Sue wants to refer to Boser’s statement in her assignment.

Sue would acknowledge Boser in her text but her reference is to the source
where she saw the information. Sue might write as her in-text reference:

... (Boser, 2017, as cited in Brown, 2018)

OR
Boser (2017, as cited in Brown, 2018) states ...
What if two different authors share the same
family name?
If you are citing works by two different authors who have the
same family name and different first initials, include their first
initials in your in-text citations—even if the publication dates
are different. If two authors with the same family name are
cited in the same work, there is no need to include their
initials.​
Authors with the same surname in different works
(A. L. Smith & Gorkin, 2019; H. Smith, 1982)

Authors with the same surname in the same work

(Palmer & Palmer, 2016)
ACTIVITY
PARENTHETICAL CITATION:
Find and correct the errors in the following in-text citations according to APA
referencing.
1. (Sheret, Sultana and Sotir 2016)
2. (Yeo, Oh, Pyke, McDonald 1998)
NARRATIVE CITATION:
Write citations within the sentence using the information below. Use suitable
reporting verbs.
Authors: Brian Henks, Brenda Smanke, and Cecil Rose
Publication Date: May, 2001
Paraphrase: Sustainable weight loss is often achieved by slowly losing weight by
following a healthy diet and engaging in regular exercise.
Citation:
THANK
YOU!