C# Lab Manual As On 23-01-2024

DAYANANDA SAGAR ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
Opp. Art of Living, Udayapura, Kanakapura Road, Bangalore- 560082

(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi and Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(CE, CSE, ECE, EEE, ISE, ME Courses Accredited by NBA, New Delhi
Accredited by NAAC, A+)
C# PROGRAMMING
V Semester
Course Code :21CSL582
[As per the Choice Based Credit System Scheme]
Scheme:2021
Version-1
w.e.f 3rd Nov 2023
Editorial Committee
C# PROGRAMMING Faculty, Dept of CSE
Approved by
HOD, Dept.of CSE
Document Log
Name of the Document C# Programming Lab Manual

Scheme 2021
Current Version number and date V1/03-11-2023
Subject code 21CSL582
Editorial Committee Prof.Chethana V
Prof.Krishna Prasad
Computer Programmer Mr Vinay Kumar C M
Approved by HOD, Dept.of CSE
Table of Contents
Si.No Particulars Page.No
1 Vission and Mission of Department 1
2 PEOs,PSOs,POs 2-3
3  Course Outcomes 4-6
 Syllabus
 Conduction of Practical Examination
4 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 7-8
CHAPTER 2 Installation procedure of the 9
required software
CHAPTER 3 Lab Programs 10-28
CHAPTER 4 Basic Viva Questions 29
CHAPTER 5 Content Beyond Syllabus 30-31
Vision of the Department
Epitomize CSE graduate to carve a niche globally in the field of computer science
to excel in the world of information technology and automation by imparting
knowledge to sustain skills for the changing trends in the society and industry.
Mission of the Department

M1:To educate students to become excellent engineers in a confident and creative
environment through world-class pedagogy.
M2: Enhancing the knowledge in the changing technology trends by giving hands-
on experience through continuous educationand by making them to organize
&participate in various events.
M3: Impart skills in the field of IT and its related areas with a focus on developing
the required competencies and virtues to meet the industry expectations.
M4:Ensure quality research and innovations to fulfill industry, government &

social needs.
M5:Impart entrepreneurship and consultancy skills to students todevelop self-

sustaining life skills in multi-disciplinary areas.
Dept.of CSE,DSATM (2023-24) 1 C# PROGRAMMING(21CSL582)

Program Educational Outcomes:
PEO1:Engage in professional practice to promote the development of innovative

systems and optimized solutions for Computer Science and Engineering.
PEO2:Adapt to different roles and responsibilities in multidisciplinary working

environment by respecting professionalism and ethical practices within
organization and society at national and international level.
PEO3:Graduates will engage in life-long learning and professional development to

acclimate the rapidly changing work environment and develop entrepreneurship
skills.
Program Specific Outcomes (PSO)
PSO1:Foundation of Mathematical Concepts: Ability to use mathematical

methodologies to solve theproblem using suitable mathematical analysis, data
structure and suitable algorithm.
PSO2:Foundation of Computer System: Ability to interpret the fundamental

concepts and methodology of computer systems. Students can understand the
functionality of hardware and software aspects of computer systems.
PSO3:Foundations of Software Development:Ability to grasp the software

development lifecycle and methodologies of software systems. Possess competent
skills and knowledge of software design process. Familiarity and practical
proficiency with a broad area of programming concepts and provide new ideas and
innovations towards research.
PSO4:Foundations of Multi-Disciplinary Work:Ability to acquire leadership
skills to perform professional activities with social responsibilities, through
excellent flexibility to function in multi-disciplinary work environment with self-
learning skills.
Dept.of CSE,DSATM (2023-24) 2 C# PROGRAMMING(21CSL582

List of Program Outcomes
Engineering Knowledge: Apply knowledge of mathematics and science, with
PO1
fundamentals of Computer Science & Engineering to be able to solve complex
engineering problems related to CSE.
Problem Analysis: Identify, Formulate, review research literature and analyze
PO2
complex engineering problems related to CSE and reaching substantiated conclusions
using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences.
Design/Development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems related to CSE and design system components or processes that meet the
PO3
specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety and
the cultural societal and environmental considerations.
Conduct Investigations of Complex problems: Use research–based knowledge and
PO4 research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
Modern Tool Usage: Create, Select and apply appropriate techniques, resources and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to computer
PO5
science related complex engineering activities with an understanding of the
limitations
The Engineer and Society: Apply Reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
PO6 to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the CSE professional engineering practice .
Environment and Sustainability: Understand the impact of the CSE professional
PO7 engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development
Ethics: Apply Ethical Principles and commit to professional ethics and
PO8 responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice .
Individual and Team Work: Function effectively as an individual and as a member
PO9 or leader in diverse teams and in multidisciplinary Settings.
Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with

the engineering community and with society at large such as able to comprehend and
PO10 with write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations
and give and receive clear instructions.
Project Management and Finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of
the engineering management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
PO11 member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multi-disciplinary
environments.
Life-Long Learning: Recognize the need for and have the preparation and ability to
PO12 engage in independent and life-long learning the broadest context of technological
change

Course Details
Course Code:21CSL582 CIE Marks:50

Teaching Hours/Week(L:T:P:S):(0:0:2:0) Exam Hours:02
Credits:1 SIE Marks:50
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course,the student will be able to:
CO1 Apply concepts of OOPs in developing solutions to problems
CO2 Develop programs to involving basic features, handling exception and text files
CO3 Make use of modern tools to develop C# programming and applications
Syllabus
Laboratory Experiments:
Implement the following programs using C# Programming Language
1 Develop a c# program to simulate simple arithmetic calculator for Addition, Subtraction,
Multiplication, Division and Mod operations. Read the operator and operands through
console
2 Develop c# program to print Armstrong Number between 1 to 1000
3 Develop a c# program to list all substrings in a given string [Hint:use of Substring()
method]
4 Develop C# program to demonstrate division by zero and index out of range exceptions
5 Develop a C# program to generate and print pascal triangle using two dimensional array
6 Develop a c# program to generate and print floyds triangle using jagged arrays
7 Develop a c# program to read a text file and copy the file contents to another text file
8 Develop a c# program to implement stack with push and pop operations[Hint:Use class
,get/set properties, methods for push and pop and main method
9 Design a class complex with data members, constructor and method for overloading a
binary operator '+'. Develop a c# program to read two complex number and print the
results of addition.

10 Develop a C# program to create a class named shape. Create three subclasses namely:
circle,triangle and square, each class has two member functions named draw() and
erase(). Demonstrate polymorphism concepts by developing suitable methods, defining
member data and main program
11 Develop a c# program to create an abstract class shape with abstract method calculate
Area() and calculate Perimeter(). Create subclasses Circle and Triangle that extend the
shape class and implement the respective methods to calculate the area and perimeter of
each shape
12 Develop a C# program to create an interface Resizable with methods reizeWidth(int
width) and resizeHeight(int height) that allow an object to be resized. Create a class
Rectangle that implements the Resizable interface and implements the resize methods
Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE):

The weightage of Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) is 50% and for Semester End Exam
(SEE) is 50%. The minimum passing mark for the CIE is 40% of the maximum marks (20
marks). A student shall be deemed to have satisfied the academic requirements and earned the
credits allotted to each course. The student has to secure not less than 35% (18 Marks out of 50)
in the semester-end examination (SEE). The student has to secure a minimum of 40% (40 marks
out of 100) in the sum total of the CIE(Continuous Internal Evaluation)and SEE (Semester End
Examination)taken together.
Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE):

CIE marks for the practical course is 50 Marks.
The split-up of CIE marks for record/ journal and test are in the ratio 60:40.
• Each experiment to be evaluated for conduction with observation sheet and record write-up.
Rubrics for the evaluation of the journal/write-up for hardware/software experiments designed
by the faculty who is handling the laboratory session and is made known to students at the
beginning of the practical session.
• Record should contain all the specified experiments in the syllabus and each experiment write-
up will be evaluated for 10marks.
• Total marks scored by the students are scaled downed to 30 marks (60% of maximum marks). •
Weightage to be given for neatness and submission of record/write-up on time.
• Department shall conduct 02 tests for 100 marks, the first test shall be conducted after the 8th
week of the semester and the second test shall be conducted after the 14th week of the semester.

• In each test, test write-up, conduction of experiment, acceptable result, and procedural
knowledge will carry a weightage of 60% and the rest 40% for viva-voce.
• The suitable rubrics can be designed to evaluate each student’s performance and learning
ability. Rubrics suggested in Annexure-II of Regulation book
• The average of 02 tests is scaled down to 20 marks (40% of the maximum marks). The Sum of
scaled-down marks scored in the report write-up/journal and average marks of two tests is the
total CIE marks scored by the student.
Semester End Evaluation(SEE):

• SEE marks for the practical course is 50Marks.
• SEE shall be conducted jointly by the two examiners of the same institute, examiners are
appointed by the University
• All laboratory experiments are to be included for practical examination.
• (Rubrics) Breakup of marks and the instructions printed on the cover page of the answer script
to be strictly adhered to by the examiners. OR based on the course requirement evaluation
rubrics shall be decided jointly by examiners.
• Students can pick one question (experiment) from the questions lot prepared by the
internal/external examiners jointly.
• Evaluation of test write-up/ conduction procedure and result/viva will be conducted jointly by
examiners.
• General rubrics suggested for SEE are mentioned here, write up -20%, Conduction procedure
and result in -60%, Viva-voce 20% of maximum marks. SEE for practical shall be evaluated for
100 marks and scored marks shall be scaled down to 50 marks (however, based on course type,
rubrics shall be decided by the examiners)
• The duration of SEE is 02hours Rubrics suggested in Annexure-II of Regulation book

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
The Creation of C#:C# was created at Microsoft late in the 1990s and was part of
Microsoft’s overall .NET strategy. It was first released in its alpha version in the middle of 2000.
C# is directly related to C, C++, and Java. The family tree for C# is shown in Figure-1
Figure-1
How C# Relates to the .NET Framework :Although C# is a computer language that

can be studied on its own, it has a special relationship to its runtime environment, the .NET
Framework. The reason for this is twofold. First, C# was initially designed by Microsoft to create
code for the .NET Framework. Second, the libraries used by C# are the ones defined by the .NET
Framework. Thus, even though it is theoretically possible to separate C# the language from the
.NET environment, the two are closely linked. The .NET Framework defines an environment
that supports the development and execution of highly distributed, component-based
applications. It enables differing computer languages to work together and provides for security,
program portability, and a common programming model for the Windows platform. As it relates
to C#, the .NET Framework defines two very important entities. The first is the Common
Language Runtime (CLR). This is the system that manages the execution of your program.
Along with other benefits, the Common Language Runtime is the part of the .NET Framework
that enables programs to be portable, supports mixed-language programming, and provides for
secure execution. The second entity is the .NET class library. This library gives your program
access to the runtime environment. For example, if you want to perform I/O, such as displaying
something on the screen, you will use the .NET class library to do it.
An Overview of C#:At the center of C# is object-oriented programming (OOP). The object-

oriented methodology is inseparable from C#, and all C# programs are to at least some extent
object oriented. Because of its importance to C#, it is useful to understand OOP’s basic
principles before you write even a simple C# program.

To support the principles of object-oriented programming, all OOP languages, including C#,
have three traits in common: encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance. Let’s examine each.
Encapsulation is a programming mechanism that binds together code and the data it
manipulates, and that keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse. In an objectoriented
language, code and data can be bound together in such a way that a self-contained black box is
created. Within the box are all necessary data and code. When code and data are linked together
in this fashion, an object is created. In other words, an object is the device that supports
encapsulation. C#’s basic unit of encapsulation is the class. A class defines the form of an object.
It specifies both the data and the code that will operate on that data. C# uses a class specification
to construct objects. Objects are instances of a class. Thus, a class is essentially a set of plans that
specify how to build an object.
Polymorphism (from Greek, meaning “many forms”) is the quality that allows one interface to
access a general class of actions. A simple example of polymorphism is found in the steering
wheel of an automobile. The steering wheel (the interface) is the same no matter what type of
actual steering mechanism is used. That is, the steering wheel works the same whether your car
has manual steering, power steering, or rack-and-pinion steering. More generally, the concept of
polymorphism is often expressed by the phrase “one interface, multiple methods.”
Inheritance is the process by which one object can acquire the properties of another object. This
is important because it supports the concept of hierarchical classification. If you think about it,
most knowledge is made manageable by hierarchical (that is, top-down) classifications. For
example, a Red Delicious apple is part of the classification apple, which in turn is part of the fruit
class, which is under the larger class food. That is, the food class possesses certain qualities
(edible, nutritious, and so on) which also, logically, apply to its subclass, fruit.
Some other features of C# are:
Exception handling: An exception is an error that occurs at runtime. . Exception handling
streamlines errorhandling by allowing your program to define a block of code, called an
exception handler, that is executed automatically when an error occurs. Exception handling is
also important because C# defines standard exceptions for common program errors, such as
divide-by-zero or index-out-of-range. To respond to these errors, your program must watch for
and handle these exceptions.
Interface: An interface defines a set of methods that will be implemented by a class. An
interface does not, itself, implement any method. Thus, an interface is a purely logical construct
that describes functionality without specifying implementation. Interfaces are syntactically
similar to abstract classes. However, in an interface, no method can include a body. That is, an
interface provides no implementation whatsoever. It specifies what must be done, but not how.
Once an interface is defined, any number of classes can implement it. Also, one class can
implement any number of interfaces.

CHAPTER-2
STEPS TO INSTALL MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO IDE ON YOUR
COMPUTER
Visual Studio is Microsoft’s integrated programming environment (IDE). It lets you edit,
compile, run, and debug a C# program, all without leaving its well-thought-out environment.
Visual Studio offers convenience and helps manage your programs. It is most effective for larger
projects, but it can be used to great success with smaller programs. Here are the steps for
installing MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO.
Step 1 - Make sure your computer is ready for Visual Studio
Step 2 - Determine which version and edition of Visual Studio to install
Step 3 - Initiate the installation
Step 4 - Choose workloads
Step 5 - Choose individual components (optional)
Step 6 - Install language packs (optional)
Step 7 - Select the installation location (optional)
Step 8 - Start developing
The below links provides each step of installation:

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/install/install-visual-studio?view=vs-2022
https://www.guru99.com/download-install-visual-studio.html

C# PROGRAMMING(21CSL582) Lab Manual
CHAPTER-3
LAB PROGRAMS
1.Develop a c# program to simulate simple arithmetic calculator for Addition, Subtraction,
Multiplication, Division and Mod operations. Read the operator and operands through console
using System;
class Calculator
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Simple Arithmetic Calculator");
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------");
// Read the operator from the user

Console.Write("Enter operator (+, -, *, /, %): ");
char operation = Console.ReadKey().KeyChar;
Console.WriteLine(); // Move to the next line
// Read the operands from the user

Console.Write("Enter first operand: ");
double operand1 = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("Enter second operand: ");

double operand2 = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
double result = 0;
// Perform the calculation based on the operator

switch (operation)
{
case '+':
result = operand1 + operand2;
break;
case '-':
result = operand1 - operand2;
break;
case '*':
result = operand1 * operand2;
break;
case '/':
// Check for division by zero
if (operand2 != 0)
{
result = operand1 / operand2;
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: Division by zero is not allowed.");
Dept.of CSE,DSATM 2023-24 Page 10

return;
}
break;
case '%':
// Check for division by zero
if (operand2 != 0)
{
result = operand1 % operand2;
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: Modulo by zero is not allowed.");
return;
}
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("Error: Invalid operator.");
return;
}
// Display the result

Console.WriteLine($"Result: {operand1} {operation} {operand2} = {result}");
}
}
output:
Simple Arithmetic Calculator
----------------------------
Enter operator (+, -, *, /, %): +
Enter first operand: 8
Enter second operand: 9
Result: 8 + 9 = 17

2.Develop c# program to print Armstrong Number between 1 to 1000
using System;
class ArmstrongNumbers
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Armstrong Numbers between 1 and 1000:");
for (int number = 1; number <= 1000; number++)

{
if (IsArmstrongNumber(number))
{
Console.WriteLine(number);
}
}
}
static int order(int x)

{
int n = 0;
while (x != 0)
{
n++;
x = x / 10;
}
return n;
}
static bool IsArmstrongNumber(int num)

{
double arm = 0,rem,c;

int n = order(num);
c = num;
while(num>0)
{
rem = num % 10;
arm = Math.Pow(rem,n) + arm;
num = num/10;
}
if (c == arm)
return true;
else
return false;
}
}

Output:
Armstrong Numbers between 1 and 1000:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
153
370
371
407

3.Develop a c# program to list all substrings in a given string [Hint:use of Substring() method]
using System;
class SubstringExample
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter a string:");
string input = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine("\nAll substrings:");
ListSubstrings(input);
}
static void ListSubstrings(string str)

{
int length = str.Length;
for (int start = 0; start < length; start++)
{
for (int end = start + 1; end <= length; end++)
{
string substring = str.Substring(start, end - start);
Console.WriteLine(substring);
}
}
}
}
Output:
Enter a string:
ABC
All substrings:
A
AB
ABC
B
BC
C

4. Develop C# program to demonstrate division by zero and index out of range exceptions
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
DivisionByZeroExceptionExample(); // Division by Zero Exception
IndexOutOfRangeExceptionExample(); // Index Out of Range Exception
}
static void DivisionByZeroExceptionExample()

{
try
{
int numerator = 10;
int denominator = 0;
int result = numerator / denominator;

// The following line won't be executed if an exception occurs
Console.WriteLine($"Result of division: {result}");
}
catch (DivideByZeroException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Division by Zero Exception: {ex.Message}");
}
}
static void IndexOutOfRangeExceptionExample()

{
try
{
int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
// Accessing an index that is out of the array's bounds

int value = numbers[10];
// The following line won't be executed if an exception occurs
Console.WriteLine($"Value at index 10: {value}");
}
catch (IndexOutOfRangeException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine($"Index Out of Range Exception: {ex.Message}");
}
}
}
Output:
Division by Zero Exception: Attempted to divide by zero.
Index Out of Range Exception: Index was outside the bounds of the array.

5. Develop a C# program to generate and print pascal triangle using two dimensional array
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter the number of rows for Pascal's Triangle: ");
int numRows = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
// Generate and print Pascal's Triangle

int[,] pascalsTriangle = GeneratePascalsTriangle(numRows);
PrintPascalsTriangle(pascalsTriangle);
}
static int[,] GeneratePascalsTriangle(int numRows)

{
int[,] triangle = new int[numRows, numRows];
for (int i = 0; i < numRows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
if (j == 0 || j == i)
triangle[i, j] = 1;
else
triangle[i, j] = triangle[i - 1, j - 1] + triangle[i - 1, j];
} }
return triangle;
}
static void PrintPascalsTriangle(int[,] triangle)

{
int numRows = triangle.GetLength(0);
Console.WriteLine("Pascal's Triangle:");
for (int i = 0; i < numRows; i++) {
// Add spacing to center the triangle
Console.Write(new string(' ', (numRows - i)));
for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {

Console.Write($"{triangle[i, j]} "); }
Console.WriteLine();
}} }
Ouput:
Enter the number of rows for Pascal's Triangle: 6
Pascal's Triangle:
1
11
121
1331
14641
1 5 10 10 5 1

6. Develop a c# program to generate and print floyds triangle using jagged arrays
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter the number of rows for Floyd's Triangle: ");
int numRows = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
// Generate and print Floyd's Triangle
int[][] floydsTriangle = GenerateFloydsTriangle(numRows);
PrintFloydsTriangle(floydsTriangle);
}
static int[][] GenerateFloydsTriangle(int numRows)

{
int[][] triangle = new int[numRows][];
for (int i = 0; i < numRows; i++)
{
triangle[i] = new int[i + 1];
int value = 1;
for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++)
{
triangle[i][j] = value++;
}
}
return triangle;
}
static void PrintFloydsTriangle(int[][] triangle)
{
int numRows = triangle.Length;
Console.WriteLine("Floyd's Triangle:");
for (int i = 0; i < numRows; i++)
{
Console.Write(new string(' ', (numRows - i)));
for (int j = 0; j < triangle[i].Length; j++) {
Console.Write($"{triangle[i][j]} "); }
}
}
}
Output:
Enter the number of rows for Floyd's Triangle: 4
Floyd's Triangle:
1
12
123
1234

7.Develop a c# program to read a text file and copy the file contents to another text file
using System;
using System.IO;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter the path of the source text file: ");
string sourceFilePath = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Enter the path of the destination text file: ");

string destinationFilePath = Console.ReadLine();
// Read and copy the file contents

CopyFileContents(sourceFilePath, destinationFilePath);
Console.WriteLine("File contents copied successfully!");
/* Display the content */

string fileContent = File.ReadAllText(destinationFilePath);
Console.WriteLine("File Content:");
Console.WriteLine(fileContent);
}
static void CopyFileContents(string sourceFilePath, string destinationFilePath)

{
try
{
// Read the contents of the source file
string fileContents = File.ReadAllText(sourceFilePath);
// Write the contents to the destination file

File.WriteAllText(destinationFilePath, fileContents);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine($"An error occurred: {ex.Message}");
}
}
}
Output:
Enter the path of the source text file: file1.txt
Enter the path of the destination text file: file2.txt
File contents copied successfully!
(Content of file2.txt displayed)
Example path: C:\Users\Hp\source\repos\readfile\readfile\bin\Debug\net8.0

8.Develop a c# program to implement stack with push and pop operations[Hint:Use class ,get/set
properties, methods for push and pop and main method
using System;
class StackProgram
{
static void Main()
{
Stack stack = new Stack(); // Create a stack
stack.Push(10); // Push elements onto the stack

stack.Push(20);
stack.Push(30);
Console.WriteLine("Stack elements:"); // Display the stack
stack.Display();
// Pop an element from the stack

int poppedElement = stack.Pop();
Console.WriteLine($"Popped element: {poppedElement}");
// Display the stack after popping

Console.WriteLine("Stack elements after popping:");
stack.Display();
}
}
class Stack
{
private const int MaxSize = 10;
private int[] array = new int[MaxSize];
private int top = -1;
// Property to check if the stack is empty

public bool IsEmpty
{
get { return top == -1; }
}
// Property to check if the stack is full
public bool IsFull
{
get { return top == MaxSize - 1; }
}
// Property to get the current top index

public int Top
{
get { return top; }
}

// Method to push an element onto the stack

public void Push(int element)
{
if (IsFull)
{
Console.WriteLine("Stack overflow! Cannot push more elements.");
}
else
{
array[++top] = element;
Console.WriteLine($"Pushed element: {element}");
}
}
// Method to pop an element from the stack
public int Pop()
{
if (IsEmpty)
{
Console.WriteLine("Stack underflow! Cannot pop from an empty stack.");
return -1; // Return a default value in case of underflow
}
else
{
int poppedElement = array[top--];
return poppedElement;
}
}
// Method to display the elements of the stack
public void Display()
{
if (IsEmpty) {
Console.WriteLine("Stack is empty."); }
else
{
for (int i = 0; i <= top; i++) {
Console.Write($"{array[i]} "); }
}
}
}
Output:
Pushed element: 10
Pushed element: 20
Pushed element: 30
Stack elements:
10 20 30
Popped element: 30
Stack elements after popping:
10 20

9.Design a class complex with data members, constructor and method for overloading a binary
operator '+'. Develop a c# program to read two complex number and print the results of addition.
using System;
class Complex
{
private double real;
private double imaginary;
// Constructor to initialize the complex number

public Complex(double real, double imaginary)
{
this.real = real;
this.imaginary = imaginary;
}
// Overloaded + operator for complex number addition

public static Complex operator +(Complex c1, Complex c2)
{
double realSum = c1.real + c2.real;
double imaginarySum = c1.imaginary + c2.imaginary;
return new Complex(realSum, imaginarySum);
}
// Method to display the complex number

public void Display()
{
Console.WriteLine($"Complex Number: {real} + {imaginary}i");
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
// Read two complex numbers from the user
Console.Write("Enter the real part of the first complex number: ");
double real1 = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("Enter the imaginary part of the first complex number: ");

double imaginary1 = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("Enter the real part of the second complex number: ");

double real2 = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("Enter the imaginary part of the second complex number: ");

double imaginary2 = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());
// Create Complex objects

Complex complex1 = new Complex(real1, imaginary1);

Complex complex2 = new Complex(real2, imaginary2);
// Perform addition using the overloaded + operator

Complex sum = complex1 + complex2;
// Display the results

Console.WriteLine("\nResults:");
complex1.Display();
complex2.Display();
sum.Display();
}
}
Output:
Enter the real part of the first complex number: 2
Enter the imaginary part of the first complex number: 5
Enter the real part of the second complex number: 8
Enter the imaginary part of the second complex number: 9
Results:
Complex Number: 2 + 5i

10. Develop a C# program to create a class named shape. Create three subclasses namely: circle,triangle
and square, each class has two member functions named draw() and erase(). Demonstrate
polymorphism concepts by developing suitable methods, defining member data and main program
using System;
// Base class Shape

class Shape
{
// Member function to draw the shape
public virtual void Draw()
{
Console.WriteLine("Drawing a generic shape");
}
// Member function to erase the shape

public virtual void Erase()
{
Console.WriteLine("Erasing a generic shape");
}
}
// Subclass Circle
class Circle : Shape
{
// Member function to draw a circle
public override void Draw()
{
Console.WriteLine("Drawing a circle");
}
// Member function to erase a circle

public override void Erase()
{
Console.WriteLine("Erasing a circle");
}
}
// Subclass Triangle
class Triangle : Shape
{
// Member function to draw a triangle
{
Console.WriteLine("Drawing a triangle");
}
// Member function to erase a triangle


{
Console.WriteLine("Erasing a triangle");
}
}
// Subclass Square
class Square : Shape
{
// Member function to draw a square
{
Console.WriteLine("Drawing a square");
}
// Member function to erase a square
{
Console.WriteLine("Erasing a square");
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
// Demonstrate polymorphism
// Create an array of shapes
Shape[] shapes = new Shape[3];
// Instantiate objects of different subclasses

shapes[0] = new Circle();
shapes[1] = new Triangle();
shapes[2] = new Square();
// Iterate through the array and call Draw and Erase methods
foreach (Shape shape in shapes)
{
shape.Draw();
shape.Erase();
Console.WriteLine(); // Add a newline for better readability
}
}
}
Output:
Drawing a circle
Erasing a circle
Drawing a triangle
Erasing a triangle
Drawing a square
Erasing a square

11. Develop a c# program to create an abstract class shape with abstract method calculate Area() and
calculate Perimeter(). Create subclasses Circle and Triangle that extend the shape class and implement
the respective methods to calculate the area and perimeter of each shape
using System;
// Abstract base class Shape

abstract class Shape
{
// Abstract method to calculate area
public abstract double CalculateArea();
// Abstract method to calculate perimeter

public abstract double CalculatePerimeter();
}
// Subclass Circle
class Circle : Shape
{
private double radius;
// Constructor for Circle

public Circle(double radius)
{
this.radius = radius;
}
// Implementation of CalculateArea for Circle
public override double CalculateArea()
{
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}
// Implementation of CalculatePerimeter for Circle

public override double CalculatePerimeter()
{
return 2 * Math.PI * radius;
}
}
// Subclass Triangle
class Triangle : Shape
{
private double side1, side2, side3;
// Constructor for Triangle

public Triangle(double side1, double side2, double side3)
{
this.side1 = side1;
this.side2 = side2;

this.side3 = side3;
}
// Implementation of CalculateArea for Triangle

public override double CalculateArea()
{
// Using Heron's formula to calculate the area of a triangle
double s = (side1 + side2 + side3) / 2;
return Math.Sqrt(s * (s - side1) * (s - side2) * (s - side3));
}
// Implementation of CalculatePerimeter for Triangle

public override double CalculatePerimeter()
{
return side1 + side2 + side3;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
// Demonstrate using the abstract class and its subclasses
// Create instances of Circle and Triangle

Circle circle = new Circle(5);
Triangle triangle = new Triangle(3, 4, 5);
// Calculate and display area and perimeter for Circle

Console.WriteLine("Circle - Area: {0}, Perimeter: {1}", circle.CalculateArea(),
circle.CalculatePerimeter());
// Calculate and display area and perimeter for Triangle

Console.WriteLine("Triangle - Area: {0}, Perimeter: {1}", triangle.CalculateArea(),
triangle.CalculatePerimeter());
}
}
Output:
Circle - Area: 78.53981633974483, Perimeter: 31.41592653589793
Triangle - Area: 6, Perimeter: 12

12. Develop a C# program to create an interface Resizable with methods reizeWidth(int width) and
resizeHeight(int height) that allow an object to be resized. Create a class Rectangle that implements the
Resizable interface and implements the resize methods
using System;
// Define the Resizable interface

interface Resizable
{
void ResizeWidth(int width);
void ResizeHeight(int height);
}
// Implement the Resizable interface in the Rectangle class

class Rectangle : Resizable
{
private int width;
private int height;
// Constructor for Rectangle

public Rectangle(int width, int height)
{
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
// Implementation of ResizeWidth method
public void ResizeWidth(int newWidth)
{
if (newWidth > 0)
{
width = newWidth;
Console.WriteLine($"Width resized to {width}");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Invalid width. Width must be greater than 0.");
}
}
// Implementation of ResizeHeight method
public void ResizeHeight(int newHeight)
{
if (newHeight > 0)
{
height = newHeight;
Console.WriteLine($"Height resized to {height}");
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Invalid height. Height must be greater than 0.");

}
}
// Method to display the current dimensions of the rectangle

public void DisplayDimensions()
{
Console.WriteLine($"Rectangle Dimensions - Width: {width}, Height: {height}");
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
// Demonstrate using the Resizable interface and Rectangle class
// Create an instance of Rectangle

Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(5, 8);
// Display initial dimensions

Console.WriteLine("Initial Rectangle Dimensions:");
rectangle.DisplayDimensions();
// Resize width and height using the Resizable interface methods

rectangle.ResizeWidth(10);
rectangle.ResizeHeight(12);
// Display updated dimensions

Console.WriteLine("\nUpdated Rectangle Dimensions:");
rectangle.DisplayDimensions();
}
}
Output:
Initial Rectangle Dimensions:
Rectangle Dimensions - Width: 5, Height: 8
Width resized to 10
Height resized to 12
Updated Rectangle Dimensions:

Rectangle Dimensions - Width: 10, Height: 12

CHAPTER 4
BASIC VIVA QUESTIONS
1. What is Object Oriented Programming?

2. What is .NET framework?
3. Explain Encapsulation in C# programming
4. Explain Polymorphism in C# programming
5. Explain Inheritance in C# programming
6. Explain datatypes, variable in C# programming
7. What are the Control statements in C#?
8. What is typecasting?
9. What is exception handling?
10. Explain various types of operators
11. Explain arrays and strings in C# programming
12. Explain operator overloading
13. What is interface in C# ?
14. Explain conditional statements in C#?
15. Explain class and object in C# programming
16. What is this keyword in C#?
17. Explain stack operation using C# programming
18. Explain one dimensional and two dimensional array in C#
19. What is abstract class ?
20. What are the file operations in C# programming?

CHAPTER 5
CONTENT BEYOND SYLLABUS
1.Write a C# program to display the digits of an integer in reverse order.

using System;
class DoWhileDemo
{
static void Main()
{
int num;
int nextdigit;
num = 198;
Console.WriteLine("Number: " + num);
Console.Write("Number in reverse order: ");
do
{
nextdigit = num % 10;
Console.Write(nextdigit);
num = num / 10;
} while (num > 0);
}
}
OUTPUT:
Number: 198
Number in reverse order: 891
2. Write a C# program to compute the sum and product of the numbers from 1 to 10.
using System;
class ProdSum
{
static void Main()
{
int prod;
int sum;
int i;
sum = 0;
prod = 1;
for (i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{
sum = sum + i;
prod = prod * i;
}
Console.WriteLine("Sum is " + sum);
Console.WriteLine("Product is " + prod);
}
}
Output:
Sum is 55
Product is 3628800
3. Write a C# program to Use bitwise OR to make a number odd.

using System;
class MakeOdd
{
static void Main()
{
ushort num;
ushort i;
for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
{
num = i;
Console.WriteLine("num: " + num);
num = (ushort)(num | 1);
Console.WriteLine("num after turning on bit zero: "
+ num + "\n");
}
}
}
Output:
num: 1
num after turning on bit zero: 1
num: 2
num: 3
num: 4
num: 5
4. Write a C# program to demonstrate factorial of a given number

class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter a Number : ");
int num = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
long factorial = Factorial(num);
Console.Write($"Factorial of {num} is: {factorial}");
Console.ReadLine();
}
static long Factorial(int number)

{
if (number == 1)
return 1;
else
return number * Factorial(number - 1);
}
}
Output:
Enter a Number : 5
Factorial of 5 is: 120

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DAYANANDA SAGAR ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

Opp. Art of Living, Udayapura, Kanakapura Road, Bangalore- 560082

Course Code :21CSL582

[As per the Choice Based Credit System Scheme]

Name of the Document C# Programming Lab Manual

Mission of the Department

M4:Ensure quality research and innovations to fulfill industry, government &

M5:Impart entrepreneurship and consultancy skills to students todevelop self-

Dept.of CSE,DSATM (2023-24) 1 C# PROGRAMMING(21CSL582)

PEO1:Engage in professional practice to promote the development of innovative

PEO2:Adapt to different roles and responsibilities in multidisciplinary working

PEO3:Graduates will engage in life-long learning and professional development to

Program Specific Outcomes (PSO)

PSO1:Foundation of Mathematical Concepts: Ability to use mathematical

PSO2:Foundation of Computer System: Ability to interpret the fundamental

PSO3:Foundations of Software Development:Ability to grasp the software

Dept.of CSE,DSATM (2023-24) 2 C# PROGRAMMING(21CSL582

Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with

Dept.of CSE,DSATM (2023-24) 3 C# PROGRAMMING(21CSL582)

Course Code:21CSL582 CIE Marks:50

Dept.of CSE,DSATM (2023-24) 4 C# PROGRAMMING(21CSL582)

Assessment Details (both CIE and SEE):

Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE):

Dept.of CSE,DSATM (2023-24) 5 C# PROGRAMMING(21CSL582)

Semester End Evaluation(SEE):

Dept.of CSE,DSATM (2023-24) 6 C# PROGRAMMING(21CSL582)

How C# Relates to the .NET Framework :Although C# is a computer language that

An Overview of C#:At the center of C# is object-oriented programming (OOP). The object-

Dept.of CSE,DSATM (2023-24) 7 C# PROGRAMMING(21CSL582)

Dept.of CSE,DSATM (2023-24) 8 C# PROGRAMMING(21CSL582)

The below links provides each step of installation:

Dept.of CSE,DSATM (2023-24) 9 C# PROGRAMMING(21CSL582)

// Read the operator from the user

// Read the operands from the user

Console.Write("Enter second operand: ");

// Perform the calculation based on the operator

Dept.of CSE,DSATM 2023-24 Page 10

// Display the result

Dept.of CSE,DSATM 2023-24 Page 11

2.Develop c# program to print Armstrong Number between 1 to 1000

for (int number = 1; number <= 1000; number++)

static int order(int x)

static bool IsArmstrongNumber(int num)

double arm = 0,rem,c;

Dept.of CSE,DSATM 2023-24 Page 12

Dept.of CSE,DSATM 2023-24 Page 13

static void ListSubstrings(string str)

Dept.of CSE,DSATM 2023-24 Page 14

static void DivisionByZeroExceptionExample()

int result = numerator / denominator;

static void IndexOutOfRangeExceptionExample()

// Accessing an index that is out of the array's bounds

Dept.of CSE,DSATM 2023-24 Page 15

// Generate and print Pascal's Triangle

static int[,] GeneratePascalsTriangle(int numRows)

static void PrintPascalsTriangle(int[,] triangle)

for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {

Dept.of CSE,DSATM 2023-24 Page 16

static int[][] GenerateFloydsTriangle(int numRows)