Title: The Challenges of Crafting a Thesis on Climate Change Impact

In the realm of academic pursuits, writing a thesis is often considered a daunting task, requiring
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Crafting a thesis on climate change impact demands a profound understanding of scientific,
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rising temperatures and extreme weather events to biodiversity loss and socio-economic implications.
The need to synthesize information from various disciplines, including environmental science,
meteorology, economics, and sociology, adds an extra layer of complexity to the thesis-writing
process.

One of the primary challenges faced by students is the vast and ever-evolving nature of climate
change research. Staying abreast of the latest scientific findings, policy developments, and societal
responses requires a continuous commitment to staying informed. Furthermore, the interdisciplinary
nature of the topic necessitates a comprehensive understanding of various methodologies, making the
research process more intricate.

Navigating through the extensive literature on climate change impact can be overwhelming, as
scholars must sift through an abundance of data, studies, and conflicting perspectives. Analyzing and
synthesizing this information into a cohesive and persuasive argument poses a significant hurdle for
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For example, people could begin to farm in regions where it is currently too cold. However, whether
an alternative mode provides net emissions benefit depends on how it is used. Direct, indirect and
socio-economic effects of climate change on agricultural production. A resilient ecosystem can cope
with a drought or an unusually hot summer. International, longitudinal databases such as the
International Forestry and Institutions database (e.g., Chhatre and Agrawal, 2008) also have great
potential to serve as a bridge between local, regional, national, and global processes, as well as for
assessing the dynamics of change across time and space. Likewise, as data volume and diversity
expand new computational approaches as well as greater computing power will be needed to process
and integrate the different data sets on a schedule useful for planning responses to climate change.
Snow is expected to melt even earlier under projections of future climate change, resulting in streams
that have reduced flow and higher temperatures in late summer. These include responses to
consumer and investor demand, management of supply chains and production networks, standard
setting within sectors, decisions about technology and process, how environmental performance is
assessed and reported, and the interplay between government policy and private-sector decision
making (NRC, 2005a). Re-. Climate model projections indicate that the area affected by drought and
the number of annual dry days are likely to increase in the decades ahead. Both our assessment and
these previous assessments place high or very high confidence 1 in the following findings.
MARgARET DAvIDSON, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. In our era organisms
almost everywhere are facing a new set of challenges; specifically, the. In general, vulnerability
analyses assess exposure to and impacts from a disturbance, as well as sensitivity to these impacts
and the capacity to reduce or adapt to the negative consequences of the disturbance. KEITH PITTS,
Marrone Organic Innovations, Davis, California. Further research is needed in these and other areas,
and also on the effectiveness, costs and benefits, and perceptions of farmers, fish stock managers,
and consumers when considering implementation of new technologies in these sectors. Sea level rise
and more intense storm surges are of concern for the 635 million people worldwide who live less
than 33 feet (10 meters) above sea level, many of them in coastal cities. Finally, additional
paleoclimate data from ice cores, corals, and ocean sediments would be valuable for testing models
and improving our understanding of the impacts of sea level rise. Students will first learn basic
weather words and ideas, and the difference between weather and climate. TERRY L. YATES,
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Assessments that evaluate crop response to climate-related
variables should explicitly include interactions with other resources that are also affected by climate
change. Overall positive and negative effects of climate change and global warming on crops and
humans. In the US, extreme weather events like wildfires and floods affect people in many ways. A
number of state and local governments have also been proactive in developing policies to adapt to
climate change and reduce GHG emissions. In order to dive into this problem, you have to carefully
research numerous sources, scientific papers, and samples of argumentative essays on this topic.
Economic benefits of green buildings: Green buildings are known to have a competitive edge over
its conventional counterparts, owing to its ability to attract high profile customers; leading to high
market valuation of green buildings and an increase in the total capital value of green real estate. A
modest warming in the normally cold and dry Polar Regions will actually mean more arctic ice, not
less. Other measurements of global temperature changes come from satellites, weather balloons, and
ships, buoys, and floats in the ocean. When Hurricane Katrina struck in late August of that year, the
human-induced changes in the region’s hydrology, vegetation, and land-building processes, together
with the failure to maintain adequate protective structures around New Orleans, resulted in extensive
flooding of the city and surrounding area over the following week (see figure below). Rapid climate
change is particularly detrimental for species that have small populations or restricted climatic
envelopes. These gases let in sunlight but tend to insulate the planet against the loss of heat.
The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to
identify decisions being made in response to climate change. The Panel on Advancing the Science of
Climate Change was charged to provide a. This should include attention to the extended effect of
urban areas on other areas (such as deposition of urban emissions on ocean and rural land surfaces)
as well as interactions between urban and regional heat islands and urban vegetation-
evapotranspiration feedbacks to climate. Finally, to support adaptive risk management and iterative
decision making with re-. The book was written as a basis for a forthcoming illustrated booklet,
designed to provide the public with accurate scientific information on this important subject. These
models are based on numerical representations of fundamental Earth system processes, such as the
exchange of energy, moisture, and materials between the atmosphere and the underlying ocean or
land surface. Recent research, including investigations of how sea level responded to temperature
variations during the ice age cycles, suggests that sea levels could potentially rise another 2.5 to 6.5
feet (0.8 to 2 meters) by 2100, which is several times larger than the IPCC estimates. However, the
number and diversity of entities involved make this a major organizational and governance
challenge. Almost 28 percent of U.S. GHG emissions can be attributed to the transportation sector,
with the overwhelm-. This tight symbiotic relationship can be disrupted by extreme temperatures,
which can cause corals to eject the algae and “bleach.” Mass bleaching events, which often lead to
coral death, have occurred with increasing frequency over recent decades associated with severe
warming events. Category: Environment Global Warming Climate Change; Title: Global Warming
Essay: Environmental Effects. A significant knowledge is required for the breeders to understand the
genetic architecture of Aegilops tauschii to improve drought resilience. Qin et al. (2016) investigated
373 different varieties of A. Many of these factors have been characterized in the scientific literature
(see Chapter 14 ), and while research has shed some light on ways to overcome these barriers, more
work is needed. Global warming and the basic mechanisms of climate change. Tahmasebi et al.
(2016) performed QTL mapping for a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population of wheat under
different stress conditions of flooding, drought, heat, and a combination of both heat and drought
simultaneously. Because of the huge capacity of the oceans to absorb heat, 80 to 90 percent of the
heating associated with human GHG emissions over the past 50 years has gone into raising the
temperature of the oceans. For example, deforestation has a substantial effect on the environment
and ultimately, climate change. Land that is not covered in ice absorbs the light from the sun making
the earth warmer. For example, the boundaries for the analysis must be defined, materials used for
multiple purposes must be allocated appropriately, and the databases typically consulted to estimate
emissions at each step of the analysis may have uncertainties. In addition to climate change,
economic conditions and governance play a significant role in migration. They then plug in estimates
of a 3 degree Celsius increase by 2100, or about five degrees Fahrenheit. Key agricultural regions
experienced fewer floods and droughts. As a result, fewer migrants will seek new opportunities in a
place with improved resources. However, not all farmers have access to these strategies. However,
the greenhouse effect is intensified as humans add carbon dioxide (CO?) to the atmosphere, resulting
in global warming. Nowadays, climate change is a hot topic and has been the subject of intense.
Rising temperatures, new precipitation patterns, and other changes are already affecting many
aspects of human society and the natural world. Previous Article in Special Issue Proteomic Analysis
of Rapeseed Root Response to Waterlogging Stress. Under virtually all scenarios of projected future
climate change, coastal areas face increased risks to their transportation and port systems, real estate,
fishing, tourism, small businesses, power generating and supply systems, other critical infrastructure
(such as hospitals, schools, and police and fire stations), and countless managed and natural
ecosystems. Institutions shape incentives and the flow of information.
With the advent of high throughput sequencing and phenotyping, genomic-led breeding paved the
way for identifying different stresses that are expected to adversely affect crop yield. It is critical
that energy research not be conducted in an isolated manner, but rather using integrated approaches
and analyses that investigate energy supply and use within the greater context of efforts to achieve
sustainable development goals and other societal concerns. Because nitrogen oxides are so important
for its formation, the largest quantities of ozone are produced where traffic pollution is at its worst.
Similarly, setting and evaluating goals and policies for limiting the magnitude of future climate
change involves decision-making processes at a variety of scales that would benefit from decision-
support tools that aid in handling uncertainty and understanding complex value trade-offs ( Theme 5
). However, a number of factors influence the storage of carbon in ocean- and land-based
ecosystems. For instance, the availability of nutrients and water can limit uptake by land plants, and
increases in temperature or large wildfires can increase GHG emissions from land-based ecosystems
to the atmosphere. Tokyo has set a target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 25 percent in
2020, compared to emissions recorded in 2000. The influence of weather conditions on adult transit
ridership in the sub-tropics. However, all climate-relevant socioeconomic and other human systems
data need not necessarily be held in a single common observing system. However, sea level rise
estimates are rather uncertain, due mainly to limits in scientific understanding of glacier and ice sheet
dynamics. Several analyses also suggest that a sudden increase in stratospheric sulfate aerosol could
potentially enhance losses of stratospheric ozone for several decades, especially in the Arctic. For
example, many of the conclusions and research recommendations in Understanding Climate Change
Feedbacks (NRC, 2003b) and Radiative Forcing of Climate Change (NRC, 2005d), such as those
highlighted in the following two paragraphs, remain highly relevant today. But vastly more areas are
warming than cooling. In the. Dusty work sites are also asked to sprinkle water so as to suppress dust
particles. Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500.
Adapting to the Impacts of Climate Change, part of the congressionally requested America's Climate
Choices suite of studies, calls for a new paradigm-one that considers a range of possible future
climate conditions and impacts that may be well outside the realm of past experience. It is supposed
that ethylene acts as signaling pathway among plant growth and weather variations. Error: Try Again
Ok Sell Watchlist Expand Watch List Loading. The members of the committee responsible for the
report were. September 2007 sea-ice area hit a single-day minimum of 4.1 million km2 (1.64 million
mi2), a. A better understanding of the dependence of ocean heat uptake on vertical mixing and the
abrupt changes in polar reflectivity that follow the loss of summer sea ice in the Arctic are some of
the most critical improvements needed in ocean and Earth system models. NOTE: We only request
your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted
them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. Numerous decisions about climate change, including
setting emissions targets and developing and implementing adaptation plans, rest on understanding
how the Earth system will respond to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other climate forcings.
Extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, can be important causes of mortality, and small. As a
result thick smoke covered most part of Kuala Belait and Seria. Created by Eran Kaftan for the
authors Download figure. JAMES E. gERINgER, Environmental Systems Research Institute,
Cheyenne, Wyoming. We know that sea level has risen more than 400 feet (120 meters) since the
peak of the last ice age 26,000 years ago, with periods of rapid rise predating a relatively steady level
over the past 6,000 years. Light from the sun is directed on to the land, which is covered in ice and
snow, therefore about 70 to 80 percent of the sun's rays are reflected back into space creating a
colder atmosphere. Uncertainties remain in projections of future storm patterns, including hurricanes.
Many such mechanisms are already in operation, and these constitute natural experiments, but the
scientific base for evaluating these experiments and designing effective institutions is limited (see,
e.g., Ostrom, 2010; Prakash and Potoski, 2006; Tietenberg, 2002).
Despite this place-based framework, our panel shares the perspective that adaptation. A variety of
hypotheses have been offered and tested about the key societal factors that shape environmental
change—what are often called the drivers of change (NRC, 1992a). It also helps decision makers
and other stakeholders better understand and trust the science being produced. As permafrost
continues to thaw, this carbon may be released to the atmosphere in large quantities in the form of
the GHGs CO 2 and CH 4, which would. Nevertheless, the laws of physics and chemistry ultimately
govern the system, and can be used to understand how and why climate varies from place to place
and over time. Research indicates that the tourism industry contributes 5% of global greenhouse gas
emissions. Generally, when produced by the NRC, the content of such. A long-range goal of
integrated assessment models is to seamlessly connect models of human activity, GHG emissions,
and Earth system processes, including the impacts of climate change on human and natural systems
and the feedbacks of changes in these systems on climate change. If this were to happen, then ices
sheets would develop blocking off warmer ocean currents, following in a general cooling of the
earth. It hampers the agricultural yield directly by means of disturbing the agro-ecological
environment and indirectly by putting pressure on growth and circulation of income and
consequently increased the necessity of agricultural products. FIGURE 5: Historical concentrations
of greenhouse gasses CO2, CH4, and N2O over the past. These and other scientific challenges are
starting to be addressed by the research community (see, e.g., Finnveden et al., 2009; Horne et al.,
2009; Ramaswami et al., 2008); additional research on LCA would allow its application to an
expanding range of problems and improve its use as a decision tool in adaptive risk-management
strategies. Interactions go beyond simply cause and effect, and should be viewed in terms of
interdependence and feedbacks. When challenged by Woronko (1977), Bryson and Dittberner
(1977) explained that the cooling projected by their model was due to aerosols (small particles in the
atmosphere) produced by the same combustion that caused the increase in CO2. Because the global
food system is interconnected, it is not possible to view U.S. food security in isolation. Improving
understanding of natural variability patterns, and determining how they might change with
increasing GHG emissions and global temperatures, is an important area of active research (see the
end of this section and Chapter 6 ). Health benefits from water centric liveable communities. 2019. ?
Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Khreis H, Triguero-Mas M, Gascon M, Dadvand P. Heat stress is another
problem that affects people's lives. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce
Research (JTAER). Water vapor is the most important GHG in terms of its contribution to the natural
green-. For example, such a change could make it difficult for many species to survive in the regions
they now inhabit. QTL mapping showed a 19.6% variation in grain yield under these stress
conditions. Register for a free account to start saving and receiving special member only perks.
Vernacular architecture: questions of comfort and practicability. Though, these gases are also
contributed by human activities. There is a threshold point when dramatic ecosystem transformations
may occur (Gunderson and. A better understanding of the dependence of ocean heat uptake on
vertical mixing and the abrupt changes in polar reflectivity that follow the loss of summer sea ice in
the Arctic are some of the most critical improvements needed in ocean and Earth system models. In
2007 the IPCC reported that Eartha??s average temperature is unequivocally warming (IPCC. In the
case of GHG emissions, however, emissions apparently continue to increase with increasing
affluence (Carson. While some of the CO 2 is taken up by marine organisms, most if it combines
with water to form carbonic acid.
The accumulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide is promoted not only by combustion but also by
tropical deforestation. Revolutions in genetic engineering techniques can also aid in overcoming food
security issues against extreme environmental conditions, by producing transgenic plants. These
decisions would similarly benefit from integrated analyses or linked “end-to-end” models ( Theme 7
) of how policies and other actions influence emissions, how the climate system and related
environmental systems will respond to these changes in emissions, and how human and natural
systems will be affected by all of these changes—all of which again depend critically on
observations ( Theme 6 ). The most recent climate model projections indicate that. Such
improvements in projections of sea level changes are critical for many different decision needs. The
climate weather change is expected to result in primary environmental impacts such as changing
weather patterns (increased rainfall, storms, draughts) as well as a rise in sea levels due to melting of
the polar icecap. In the US, however, the overall emissions for the USA increased 34%, but the per
capita output decreased by 8%. Likewise, as data volume and diversity expand new computational
approaches as well as greater computing power will be needed to process and integrate the different
data sets on a schedule useful for planning responses to climate change. To achieve this goal by
simply requesting that companies make an effort to reduce energy usage, without financial
ramifications if they didn’t, was difficult; therefore, in 2010, revisions imposed a duty to cut total
emissions. Finally, populations of forest pests such as the spruce beetle, pine beetle, spruce
budworm, and wooly adelgid are increasing in the western United States as a result of climate
change. NRC has published widely on climate change, the ecological impacts have not been the
subject. This section outlines some of the key areas of fundamental research on human behavior and
institutions that need to be developed to support better understanding of human interactions with the
climate system and provide a scientific basis for informing more effective responses to climate
change. Many of these decisions are not currently made with much or any consideration of climate
change. Indeed, any health outcome that is influenced by environmental conditions may be impacted
by a changing climate. Cost-effectiveness analysis avoids some of the difficulties of benefit-cost
analysis. Key research needs, which are explored in more detail in Chapter 8, include the following.
Integrated assessments—which are done through either formal modeling or through informal
linkages among relevant disciplines—have been used to develop insights into the possible
effectiveness and repercussions of specific environmental policy choices (including, but not limited
to, climate change policy) and to evaluate the impacts, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity of both
human and natural systems to a variety of environmental stresses. Polar seas could also experience
major changes, since many of the species at the base of the food web may be disrupted. The danger
to the world’s climate conditions has triggered anxiety among everyone because crop yield might be
compromised by fluctuations in various environmental factors that can risk food security. New
manufacturing equipment and the new devices might be more costly than those they replaced.
Having more factories Globalization and industrialization have opened new avenues leading to a rise
in employment rates create more jobs, which increases overall wages, and an equal rise in standard of
living thus, translating into an increased spending power and the ability to buy and operate vehicles,
travel, etc. The environment of the globe is continuously changing and industrialization is one of the
main factors for temperature increase. The relationship between climate change, air quality, and
public health is further complicated by the fact that policies designed to limit the magnitude of
climate change may be at odds with improving public health outcomes. Global warming and the
basic mechanisms of climate change. Thus, there would be less of the temperature difference that
drives big storms. Furthermore, migrant communities are often living in substandard housing without
window screens or proper ventilation. The adaptability of Arabidopsis to persistent water deficiency
at the molecular and morpho-physiological levels was examined. Another impact of climate change
will be on biodiversity. Research on improved designs of these and other types of monitoring and
control equipment could help reduce energy use by helping users operate homes, motor vehicles, and
commercial and industrial facilities more efficiently. Impact of Climate Change on Crops Adaptation
and Strategies to Tackle Its Outcome: A Review.
In addition to climate change, economic conditions and governance play a significant role in
migration. The CO 2 emitted by these activities constitutes a significant portion of total U.S. GHG
emissions. Considerable research has focused on the role of the energy sector in emissions of GHGs
and on the development of technologies and strategies that could result in increased energy
efficiency as well as energy sources that release fewer or no GHGs. Certification schemes are
increasingly being used to address climate change issues. In December 2006 at UNEP FI, the
Property Working Group was officially inaugurated and these proposals for the popularization of RPI
and advanced case studies were introduced, and activities producing tools aimed at investors were
expanded. Once you have a list of possible topics, start to conduct your research. Finally, since some
abrupt changes or other climate surprises may result from complex interactions within or among
different components of coupled human-environment systems, improved understanding is needed on
multiple stresses and their potential role in future climate shifts (NRC, 2002a). Moreover, social and
ecological understanding of place-based vulnerability and adaptation options in coastal regions of the
United States is lacking. Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate
variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity (NRC, 2010a). As a
result, climate change is affecting the economy of low-income communities. It is very crucial to
observe that in case of food accessibility, all recent calculations for food security and safety have
concentrated mainly on the effects of climate changes in ways that did not measure the probability of
substantial alteration in the rate of climate extremes on crop productivity. Climate change is expected
to increase heavy rainfalls and floods, droughts, and fires in many parts of the world and could lead
to changing storm patterns. They can’t adapt the habitat that changes and the lack of food product of
deforestation. Finally, populations of forest pests such as the spruce beetle, pine beetle, spruce
budworm, and wooly adelgid are increasing in the western United States as a result of climate
change. A combination of the Arabidopsis DREB1A gene and stress-inducible rd29A promoter
improved drought-and low-temperature stress tolerance in tobacco by gene transfer. There is
evidence that too much investment in climate forecasting may crowd out more sustainable
alternatives to manage risk or even harm some stakeholders (Lemos and Dilling, 2007). Development
of new fertilizers and fertilizer management strategies that reduce emissions of N 2 O is one area of
interest—one that may also yield benefits in terms of agricultural contributions to other forms of
pollution. Similarly, setting and evaluating goals and policies for limiting the magnitude of future
climate change involves decision-making processes at a variety of scales that would benefit from
decision-support tools that aid in handling uncertainty and understanding complex value trade-offs (
Theme 5 ). The phenology (seasonal periodicity and timing of life-cycle events) of species is also
changing with the earlier onset of spring and longer growing seasons. After joining the network,
cities are required to implement 80% of 80 indicators in nine health and resilience domains,
including emergency preparedness and response, health governance, water and sanitation, and social
capacities. They need to implement long term plan to reduce the greenhouse gases to get into the
atmosphere, this could be possible with a recycle, that can reduce deforestation because don’t need
curt trees to produce paper or reusing plastic, Recycle can save energy and the environment. Ice
dynamics and thermal expansion are the main drivers of rising sea levels on a global basis, but ocean
dynamics and coastal processes lead to substantial spatial variability in local and regional rates of sea
level rise (see Chapters 2 and 7 ). Human health and well-being are also affected by climate change.
Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, human activities. We know that this increase is
largely the result of human activities because the chemical signature of the excess CO 2 in the
atmosphere can be linked to the composition of the CO 2 in emissions from fossil fuel burning. The
burning of fossil fuels—coal, oil, and natural gas—for energy is the single largest human driver of
climate change, but agriculture, forest clearing, and certain industrial activities also make significant
contributions. International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP). Salicylic acid
also has regulated numerous physiological processes in plants under stress climatic condition. These
factors make migration both easier and more difficult in some countries. According to some predicted
reports, agriculture is considered the most endangered activity adversely affected by climate changes.
Some parts are warming more rapidly, particularly over land, and a few parts (in Antarctica, for.