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    AXILLA

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    abasifrekeetefiaofficial
    The axilla contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes. It provides passage for structures serving the upper limb. The axillary artery branches within the axilla to supply the upper limb and chest. Axillary veins generally mirror the arteries, and lymph nodes drain the arm and chest into the subclavian lymph trunk.

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    AXILLA

    Uploaded by

    abasifrekeetefiaofficial
    34 views6 pages
    The axilla contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes. It provides passage for structures serving the upper limb. The axillary artery branches within the axilla to supply the upper limb and chest. Axillary veins generally mirror the arteries, and lymph nodes drain the arm and chest into the subclavian lymph trunk.

    Original Description:

    Gross Anatomy of the Upper limb

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    The axilla contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes. It provides passage for structures serving the upper limb. The axillary artery branches within the axilla to supply the upper limb and chest. Axillary veins generally mirror the arteries, and lymph nodes drain the arm and chest into the subclavian lymph trunk.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views6 pages

    AXILLA

    Uploaded by

    abasifrekeetefiaofficial
    The axilla contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes. It provides passage for structures serving the upper limb. The axillary artery branches within the axilla to supply the upper limb and chest. Axillary veins generally mirror the arteries, and lymph nodes drain the arm and chest into the subclavian lymph trunk.

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    AXILLA

    OUTLINE

    INTRODUCTION

    BOUNDARIES

    CONTENTS

    AXILLARY ARTERY

    AXILLARY LYMPH NODES

    INTRODUCTION

    The axilla is the pyramidal space between the upper arm and the side of the thorax
    inferior to the glenohumeral joint and superior to the axillary fascia.

    The axilla provides a passageway for the neurovascular structures that serve the
    upper limb.

    BOUNDARIES

    Apex​ - Cervico-axillary canal bounded by the 1st rib, clavicle, and superior edge of
    the scapula

    Base ​- Axillary fossa (armpit) formed by the concave skin, subcutaneous tissue,
    and axillary (deep) fascia extending from the
    arm to the thoracic wall (approximately the 4th rib level).

    Medially ​- thoracic wall (1st–4th ribs and intercostal muscles) and the serratus
    anterior
    Laterally ​- bony wall formed by the intertubercular groove in the humerus.

    Anteriorly ​- Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, Subclavius and the Clavipectoral


    fascia

    Posteriorly ​- Subscapularis and Teres major, with the tendon of Latissimus dorsi

    CONTENTS

    The axilla contains blood vessels (arteries and veins), lymphatic nodes and
    channels, and nervous bundles. The contents include:

    1. Axillary artery (and its branches)

    2. Axillary vein (and its tributaries)

    3. Brachial Plexus (cords and branches)

    4. Lymph nodes

    AXILLARY ARTERY

    Introduction

    This is the main arterial stem of the upper limb and is a continuation of the third part
    of the subclavian artery.
    Course

    It commences at the outer border of the first rib and enters the apex of the axilla by
    passing over the first digitation of serratus anterior, behind the midpoint of the
    clavicle.

    At the lower border of teres major it continues as the brachial artery

    Parts & Branches of the Axillary artery

    The artery is conveniently divided into three parts by pectoralis minor, which crosses
    in front of it: the first part above; the second part behind; and the third part below.

    First part​: The first part has one branch - the ​superior thoracic artery​ - a small
    vessel that runs forwards to supply both pectoral muscles.

    Second part​: The second part has two branches - the thoracoacromial and lateral
    thoracic arteries.

    The thoracoacromial artery pierce the clavipectoral fascia, and separates into four
    terminal branches (clavicular, deltoid, acromial and pectoral).

    The lateral thoracic artery follows the lower border of pectoralis minor, supplying
    branches to the pectoralis and serratus anterior muscles and, in the female, to the
    breast.
    Third part​: The third part has three branches - The subscapular; and the anterior and
    posterior circumflex humeral arteries.

    The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary, runs down the posterior
    axillary wall, giving off a dorsal branch, the circumflex scapular artery, which curves
    backwards round the lateral scapular border to partake in the scapular anastomosis.

    The subscapular artery continues distally as the thoracodorsal a., into latissimus
    dorsi, having given one to three branches to serratus anterior.

    The circumflex humeral arteries encircle the surgical neck of the humerus,
    anastomosing with each other.

    The smaller anterior circumflex humeral artery passes laterally, deep


    to the coracobrachialis and biceps brachii. It gives off an ascending branch that
    supplies the shoulder.

    The larger posterior circumflex humeral artery passes medially through the posterior
    wall of the axilla via the quadrangular space
    with the axillary nerve to supply the glenohumeral joint and
    surrounding muscles.

    {Find out the relations of the Brachial plexus to the Axillary artery!!!}

    AXILLARY VEIN

    This large vein commences at the lower border of the teres major as a continuation
    of the basilic vein. At the outer border of the first rib the axillary vein enters the root
    of the neck as the subclavian vein.

    The axillary vein receives tributaries that generally correspond to branches of the
    axillary artery ​{there are some exceptions, find out!!!}
    AXILLARY LYMPH NODES

    They are contained in the fatty tissue of the axilla; their number varies between 20
    and 30. They are usually described as lying in the following groups:

    - Anterior (or pectoral) group

    - Posterior (or subscapular) group

    - Lateral group

    - Central group

    - Apical group

    The anterior group lies behind pectoralis major along the lateral thoracic artery, at
    the lower border of pectoralis minor. They receive from the upper half of the trunk
    anteriorly and from the major part of the breast.

    The posterior group lies on the posterior wall of the axilla along the subscapular
    artery. They receive from the upper half of the trunk posteriorly, and from the axillary
    tail of the breast.

    The lateral group lies along the medial side of the axillary vein. They receive from the
    upper limb.

    The central group lies in the fat of the axilla and receiving lymph from the above
    groups (anterior, posterior and lateral).
    The apical group, at the apex of the axilla, receives from all the groups named above
    (anterior, posterior, lateral and central).

    The apical group drains by the subclavian lymph trunk through the apex of the axilla
    into

    1. the thoracic duct or

    2. the right lymphatic duct or

    3. directly into the jugulosubclavian venous junction in the neck

    by
    MASTERMIND TUTORIALS

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