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A prototype device with 2% fractional bandwidth has been designed and fabricated for operation at
the S-band. Hasan, G.M.; Liu, P.; Hasan, M.; Ghorbani, H.; Rad, M.; Bernier, E.; Hall, T.J. The
modes of a pair of parallel waveguides treated as a single waveguide structure may be partitioned
into a class of symmetric and a class of antisymmetric modes with respect to the horizontal mirror
plane. For more information on the journal statistics, click here. Visit our dedicated information
section to learn more about MDPI. Experiments were implemented by loading a metallic square
waveguide with a periodic array of split-ring resonators ( Figure 4 ). By these means we obtain a
narrow and quite symmetric band-pass structure. All articles published by MDPI are made
immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special. The proposed design rule
has been applied to specify the minimum gap between the ring waveguide and access waveguide at
the curved coupling section for a given power cross-coupling ratio. To investigate the evolution of
FSR over a larger wavelength span, it is mandatory to have finely sampled transmission spectra.
International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM). A good fit to the measured data, especially at
the peak and notch of the drop path and through path transmission, is necessary to disentangle loss
and coupling coefficients. Drop- and through-path transmission spectra for ( a, b ) RR 1, ( c, d ) RR
2, and ( e, f ) RR 3. Attractive Quality Split ring resonator thesis attributes provide satisfaction when
achieved fully, but don’t cause dissatisfaction if not satisfied. The associated data analysis, with the
assumptions of identical add- and drop couplers with adiabatic mode evolution, can solve the phase
problem, which convolutes the separation of these parameters. International Journal of
Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP). Find support for a specific problem in the support
section of our website. Hence, fabrication on an integration platform supporting low-loss straight
guides and bends, low dispersion, and a mature phase shifter technology is paramount. Institutional
Review Board Statement Not applicable. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses
article numbers instead of page numbers. The emergence of metamaterials fortunately coincides with
the intense emerging interest in terahertz radiation (T-rays), for which efficient forms of
electromagnetic manipulation are sought. Figure 3 b shows the measured transmission spectrum of
the RR 1. The resonator with larger slit has a higher resonance frequency because the wider the gap
between the ring ends, the lower the gap capacitance and the lower mutual inductance, which in
turn, according to equation (1), both increase the resonance frequency. Our professional authors can
complete any kind of content you may need. The high resolution of these spectrometers is a direct
outcome of the fine filtering provided by a high-finesse ring resonator. Previous Article in Journal
Thermodynamic Reversibility in Polarimetry. Several add-drop ring resonators have been fabricated,
as shown in Figure 3. You must have a basic workspace along with a phone having a headset.
Fundamental symmetric and antisymmetric local eigenmodes for TE polarization have been
investigated. Castro, Joaquim J. Barroso, Joaquim P. Leite Neto ? Abstract.
The coupling of an ultra-low loss ring to the external circuit must be very weak to not compromise
(load) the intrinsic (unloaded). An integrated solution for a high-resolution (sub-GHz) spectrometer
to monitor the power in fixed- and flex-grid architectures across the entire C band from 1530 nm to
1565 nm remains challenging. Assuming (14) applies locally, a vector basis is chosen so that the
symmetric and antisymmetric modes correspond to the following. In the present study, each
resonator is made up of two concentric circular copper rings patterned on a substrate of kapton, with
slits diametrically opposite each other and with the line of the splits along the longitudinal direction
of the periodic array containing seven split rings evenly spaced. Regardless of how much you work
around the assignments, your professors always find flaws within the discussion, formatting, and
structure of the papers. Full text like:Scientists have designed and manufactured new devices
according to metamaterials. To investigate the effect of coarser sampling on the validity of linear
fitting, drop and through transmissions of the individual ring are measured over different wavelength
spans with different resolutions at different times, and almost identical fitting has been observed.
Figure 4 a depicts the drop path transmission spectra of RR 1, which shows the shift of the resonant
frequency over one FSR. The optical loss includes the pigtailed fiber-chip coupling losses, which can
be estimated individually by using the alignment loop waveguides present in the chip. Several add-
drop ring resonators have been fabricated, as shown in Figure 3. One possible reason for the excess
loss is due to the waveguide wall roughness within the coupling region. Goya dry beans are
harvested carefully and have to be drenched to replenish their natural, Health insurance and Applied
Propagation. Another difficulty is the unambiguous extraction of parameters from intensity-only ring
resonator transmission data. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. To
validate the design rule and determine the optimum gap needed to satisfy the FSR and bandwidth
requirement, the parameter extraction method described in Section 2.1 is applied to the measured
add-drop ring resonator transmission data. If the asymptotic tails decay exponentially, it will allow
an analytic integration of the tail region for. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best
experience. Hasan, Gazi Mahamud, Peng Liu, Mehedi Hasan, Houman Ghorbani, Mohammad Rad,
Eric Bernier, and Trevor J. Hall. The results suggest a ring resonator with a gap between 1.2 and 1.5
?m can meet the tight specifications perfectly while maintaining less loss. Journal of Manufacturing
and Materials Processing (JMMP). Above a certain minimum gap, to a good approximation the
effective index split. Attractive Quality Split ring resonator thesis attributes provide satisfaction
when achieved fully, but don’t cause dissatisfaction if not satisfied. The bandwidth depends on the
cross-coupled power only if the excess loss per turn is negligible compared to the out-coupled power
per turn. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( ). Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry
(JPBI). Keywords: electromagnetics, metasurfaces, metamaterials, antennas. The periodic complex
transmission spectrum of a ring resonator may be modeled by a simple rational trigonometrical
polynomial that has one zero and one pole as discussed in Section 2.1. The intensity transmission
expressed similarly maps the zero and pole to a reciprocal conjugate zero pair and a reciprocal
conjugate pole pair respectively. However, that departure need only take place in a region of
negligible coupling. All rings are equipped with thermo-optic phase shifter heating elements, which
cover almost the whole circumference of the ring waveguide except RR 4, which covers less than
half of the circumference; ( b ) measured drop path transmission spectrum of the RR 1 over the
whole C band. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.
A large ring resonator with a small FSR may use a directional coupler with a dominant straight
waveguide section amenable to standard design methods. Find support for a specific problem in the
support section of our website. These strict specifications are crucial for a sub-GHz resolution,
wideband, panoramic spectral sensing application. The parameter extraction method used to validate
the design procedure is a single resonance-based method, which only needs intensity data from the
through- and drop-path of the rings to disentangle the loss and coupling coefficients. The position of
the resonance within a free spectral range is consequently sensitive to small phase shifts contributed
by components subject to process variations. Therefore, closing the split rings no current flows
across the annular gap separating the inner and outer rings and, in this way, the magnetic resonance
does not arise. Figure 6 shows the fitted spectra of drop- and through-path transmission alongside
the measured data for RR 1, RR 2, and RR 3. The minimum gaps of the ring waveguide and access
waveguide are 1.2 ?m, 1.5 ?m, and 1.8 ?m for RR 1, RR 2, RR 3, and RR 4, respectively. Hasan,
G.M.; Liu, P.; Hasan, M.; Ghorbani, H.; Rad, M.; Bernier, E.; Hall, T.J. Several add-drop ring
resonators have been fabricated, as shown in Figure 3. The accuracy may be improved by increasing
the number of local modes in the interaction; The difference data may be fitted to a suitable curve by
a curve fitting toolbox. To demonstrate the possibility to control the bandwidth over a narrow band,
a wider (10% bandwidth) filter has been also designed and fabricated. International Journal of
Translational Medicine (IJTM). A compact structure is realized, consisting of only three stages
supported by two controls. For more information on the journal statistics, click here. Tropical
Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed). The fair quotes are complemented with a variety of
wonderful features which are added without any extra charge to every order. You can download the
paper by clicking the button above. They’ll surely assist you to impress your teachers. The emergence
of metamaterials fortunately coincides with the intense emerging interest in terahertz radiation (T-
rays), for which efficient forms of electromagnetic manipulation are sought. Moreover, as the
spacing d between the rings remains fixed, varying the slit width barely affects the mutual
capacitance. The proposed design rule has been applied to specify the minimum gap between the ring
waveguide and access waveguide at the curved coupling section for a given power cross-coupling
ratio. The resolution defines the bandwidth of the RR, determined by the cross-coupled power and
hence the gap between the access and ring waveguides. For small rings with large FSR, one can use
3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations to predict the waveguide separation for the
desired coupling. The authors also acknowledge the software related support from CMC
Microsystems. Trevor J. Hall is grateful to the University of Ottawa for their support of a University
Research Chair. In the case of a passive ring, the pole must be located inside the unit circle for
reasons of stability, but either of the two zero positions is valid. Word troubles are complex and you
must know them by drawing images on their behalf. A tunable laser (Agilent 81680A) capable of
tuning over the whole C-band is utilized for characterizing the ring resonators. Feature papers are
submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive.
The array is placed on the plane of symmetry of a square waveguide with 6 mm side, with a
corresponding cut-off frequency of 25 GHz for the dominant mode TE 10.
The emergence of metamaterials fortunately coincides with the intense emerging interest in terahertz
radiation (T-rays), for which efficient forms of electromagnetic manipulation are sought. Computer
simulated technique (CST) is used to simulate the filter design. If you fail to write acceptable papers
regardless of how you strive, you are able to finally start impressing your professors with the aid of
our authors. In general, the antisymmetric mode acquires a lower effective index than the symmetric
mode. All rings are equipped with thermo-optic phase shifter heating elements, which cover almost
the whole circumference of the ring waveguide except RR 4, which covers less than half of the
circumference; ( b ) measured drop path transmission spectrum of the RR 1 over the whole C band.
The x-axis indexes the sequence of resonant peaks observed in the measured data, and their
corresponding frequencies relative to a reference frequency are plotted. Hasan, G.M.; Liu, P.; Hasan,
M.; Ghorbani, H.; Rad, M.; Bernier, E.; Hall, T.J. To investigate the evolution of FSR over a larger
wavelength span, it is mandatory to have finely sampled transmission spectra. The measured
coefficient of RR 2 shows the largest deviation from its predicted coupling coefficient. The
resolution defines the bandwidth of the RR, determined by the cross-coupled power and hence the
gap between the access and ring waveguides. For small rings with large FSR, one can use 3D finite-
difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations to predict the waveguide separation for the desired
coupling. This article covers the principles of metamaterials and reviews the latest trends in terahertz
metamaterial research from the fabrication and characterization to the implementation. Journal of
Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI). Abstract Within this thesis computational studies on
electromagnetic qualities of metama-terials and applications are introduced. A second band
corresponding to the electrical response is most clearly observed in the simulated curves. To
demonstrate the possibility to control the bandwidth over a narrow band, a wider (10% bandwidth)
filter has been also designed and fabricated. In the case of a circular ring with a straight access
waveguide, the local gap. It can be observed that resonant peak transmission at the drop port of the
ring is almost constant at ?5 dBm over the whole C band. You are able to make contact with an
agent in our support system anytime and obtain immediate solutions for your questions. An
implementation plan printed because the Institutional Operation Plan’s put in place with the
introduction of the Implementation Control Center situated in Livingston Hall. These values are well
below the frequency cutoff at 25 GHz, thus featuring a medium with negative permeability and
permittivity. Castro et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited. To facilitate optical characterization, the chip is
pigtailed using polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) arrays and wire bonded. Magnetic resonance is
induced by the slits and by the separation region between the inner and outer rings, which behave as
capacitive elements. Available computational methods seem inadequate (inefficient or inaccurate) for
the task of predicting the dimensions of compliant designs. In the two identical lossless coupler
cases, the on-resonance transmission is unity, consistent with energy conservation. 3. Fabrication and
Experimental Setup The spectrometer architecture uses a tunable ring resonator as a scanning fine
filter. When the waveguides are sufficiently separated, the lowest order symmetric and anti-
symmetric modes are degenerate and can be constructed from a symmetric and antisymmetric linear
superposition of the corresponding modes of the isolated waveguides. The resonant frequency of the
ring is determined by the condition that the round-trip phase is equal to a large integer multiple of 2?
radians. A list of extracted parameters from measured and fitted data is given in Table 1. A
comparison between a traditional microstrip low pass filter with a new modified design of
multilayered microstrip low pass filter based on complimentary split ring resonator structure has been
done.