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UNIT 1 Session 1: Architecture of Mcs 8051 1

This document discusses the architecture of the 8051 microcontroller. It begins by comparing microprocessors and microcontrollers, noting that microcontrollers now dominate embedded systems. It then provides block diagrams and explanations of the basic components of a microprocessor, microcontroller, and microcomputer. Finally, it outlines the key differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, such as microcontrollers having integrated memory and I/O ports while microprocessors require external components, resulting in microcontrollers having lower cost and power consumption than microprocessors.

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33 views5 pages

UNIT 1 Session 1: Architecture of Mcs 8051 1

This document discusses the architecture of the 8051 microcontroller. It begins by comparing microprocessors and microcontrollers, noting that microcontrollers now dominate embedded systems. It then provides block diagrams and explanations of the basic components of a microprocessor, microcontroller, and microcomputer. Finally, it outlines the key differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, such as microcontrollers having integrated memory and I/O ports while microprocessors require external components, resulting in microcontrollers having lower cost and power consumption than microprocessors.

Uploaded by

spk73518
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Microcontroller and Applications[15MC34T] 2020-21

UNIT 1 Session 1
ARCHITECTURE OF MCS 8051

1. INTRODUCTION
A decade back the process and control operations were totally
implemented by theMicroprocessors only. But now a days the situation is totally
changed and it is occupied by thenew devices called Microcontroller. The
development is so drastic that we can’t find anyelectronic gadget without the use
of a microcontroller. This microcontroller changed theembedded system
design so simple and advanced that the embedded market has become one ofthe most
sought after for not only entrepreneurs but for design engineers also.

Embedded systems have revolutionized the Electronics industry. From our day to day
electronic gadgets to industrial equipment, embedded systems are ubiquitous in our
world. They are computing systems which are designed to perform a dedicated task.
Embedded systems are an integration of Hardware and Software, where the software
is generally “embedded” into the hardware part. However, they are nothing without a
Microcontroller or a Microprocessor. Microcontrollers are the soul of an
EmbeddedSystem. They are the component of an embedded system which fetch the
instructions and execute them. Microcontrollers take the inputs for a system, and
process the outputs. Hence this article is designed to make you aware of the 8051
Microcontroller.

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Microcontroller and Applications[15MC34T] 2020-21

2.0 Block Diagram of Microprocessor, Microcontroller and


Microcomputer

2.1Block Diagram of Microprocessor

Fig.1.1:Block Diagram of Microprocessor

A microprocessor is a general purpose digital computer central processing unit (CPU).


Also known as a ‘Computer on Chip’. Block diagram of a Microprocessor CPU which
contains ALU, Program counter (PC), a stack pointer (SP), some working registers, a
clock timing circuit and interrupt circuit s is shown in the following figure. To make a
computer, microcontroller one must add memory usually RAM and ROM, memory
decoders, an oscillator and a number of Input, Output devices such as serial and parallel
ports. In addition special purpose devices such as interrupt handler and counters may be
added to relieve the CPU from time consuming counting or timing cores.The hardware
design of a microprocessor is arranged such that a very small or very large system can be
configured around the CPU as the application demands. The prime use of the
Microprocessor is to read data, perform extensive calculations on that data, and store
those calculations in a mass storage device or display the results for human use. The
programs used by microprocessor are stored in the mass storage device and loaded into
RAM as user directs. A few microprocessor programs are stored in ROM. The ROM
based programs are primarily small fixed programs that operate peripherals and other
fixed devices that are connected to the system.

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Microcontroller and Applications[15MC34T] 2020-21

2.2 Block Diagram of Microcontroller

Fig.1.2: Block Diagram of Microcontroller

A Microcontroller is a programmable digital processor with necessary peripherals. Both


microcontrollers and microprocessors are complex sequential digital circuits meant to
carry out job according to the program / instructions. The design incorporates all the
features found in microprocessor CPU, ALU, PC, SP and registers. It also has other
features needed to make a complete computer. ROM, RAM, Parallel I/O, serial I/O,
Counters and clock circuits. Like the microprocessor, a microcontroller is a general
purpose device, but one that is meant to read data, perform limited calculations on that
data. The prime use of microcontroller is to control the operation of a machine using a
fixed program that is stored in ROM and that does not change over the lifetime of the
system.

2.3 Block diagram of Microcomputer

The microprocessor can be embedded in a larger system and can function as the CPU
of the computer called a Microcomputer. The computer hardware consists of four
main components. The central processing unit which acts as computer’s brain. Input
unit through which program and data can be entered to computer, output unit on
which the results of the computations can be displayed. Memory in which data and
program are stored. It is having two types of memory.

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Microcontroller and Applications[15MC34T] 2020-21

1) RAM 2) ROM

Fig.1.3: Block diagram of Microcomputer

2.4 Difference between Microprocessor and Micro Controller

MICROPROCESSOR MICROCONTROLLER

It is the heart of computer It is the heart of embedded


system system
Microprocessor assimilates the Microcontroller can be
function of a central processing considered as a small computer
unit (CPU) on to a single which has a processor and some
integrated circuit (IC) other components in order to
make it a computer.
Microprocessors are mainly Microcontrollers are used in
used in designing general automatically controlled devices.
purpose systems from small to
large and complex systems like
super computers.
Microprocessors are basic Microcontrollers are generally
components of personal used in embedded systems(Mp3
computers. players, Washing machines)

Computational capacity of Less computational capacity


microprocessor is very high. when compared to
Hence can perform complex microprocessors. Usually used
tasks. for simpler tasks.

A microprocessor based system A microcontroller based system


can perform numerous tasks can perform single or very few
tasks.

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Microcontroller and Applications[15MC34T] 2020-21

MICROPROCESSOR MICROCONTROLLER

A microprocessor based system A microcontroller based system


can perform numerous tasks can perform single or very few
tasks

In order to build or design a The IC of a microcontroller has


system (computer), a memory (both RAM and ROM)
microprocessor has to be integrated on it along with some
connected externally to some other components like I / O
other components like Memory devices and timers.
(RAM and ROM) and Input /
Output ports.
The overall cost of a system Cost of a system built using a
built using a microprocessor is microcontroller is less as all the
high. This is because of the components are readily available.
requirement of external
components
Generally power consumption Power consumption is less.
and dissipation is high because
of the external devices. Hence
it requires external cooling
system
Typically 32/64 – bit Typically 8/16 bit

References
1. The 8051 Microcontroller (Architecture, Programming and Applications) by
Kenneth J Ayala

2. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems by M.A.Mazdi and


J.G.Mazdi

3. https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/108105057/Pdf/Lesson-12.pdf

4. https://engineering.eckovation.com/8051-microcontroller-architecture-block-
diagram-explained/

5. https://www.elprocus.com/8051-microcontroller-architecture-and-
applications/

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