Oral Com 3

Using Various Strategies
in Order to Avoid
Communication Breakdown
Communication
breakdown is failure in
communication due
to various barriers in
communication.
These barriers are
related to the sender,
message, channel,
and the receiver.
The face is an important communicator. It is commonly said that
face is the index of the mind. What emotion does each face
convey?
The face is an important communicator. It is commonly said that
face is the index of the mind. What emotion does each face
convey?
Communication using words is
called verbal communication
while communication without
words such as facial expression
and hand gestures is called
non-verbal communication.
Communication can take
among people with or without
words. There are two types of
communication: verbal and
non-verbal.
• Verbal communication involves using
words to share information.
• It can be spoken or written.
• Spoken communication is typically
face-to-face, but technology allows
communication without being in the
same place.
• Verbal communication is about the
words used and how they are
interpreted.
• The purpose of communication is to
convey information.
• Miscommunication is common,
leading to failure in understanding
what is said or written.
Possible barriers to verbal
communication:
• Individuals' personal limitations (e.g.,
poor hearing, poor eyesight, stuttering)
• Differences in opinions, beliefs, and
cultural norms. (values, customs, and
behaviors that are accepted by a
particular group)
• Adherence to societal attitudes
towards gender, sexuality, business
practices, and religious beliefs.
• These factors can hinder the delivery,
reception, and appropriate response
to messages.
Opinions and beliefs influence our
communication.
• Participants in communication
have opinions and beliefs tied to
their culture and gender.
• Gender affects communication
when certain ways of speaking
are categorized as masculine or
feminine.
• Society often expects men to
have deep voices and women to
have higher voices.
The topic may also be a
barrier to communication
because of its vagueness,
complexity, emotional pull,
or hidden agenda. The
speaker must avoid these
qualities in the topic of the
message so that, instead, it
will be clear, simple,
restrained, and with no
hidden motives.
Communicative Situation: Possible
barriers to communication
• Noise: Physical setting and
participants themselves.
• Participants' motives: Not aligned
with speaker's purpose.
• Speaker's purpose: To entertain
or persuade
• Listener’s knowledge/
• experience: Insufficient for
interpreting/responding to
message
Language choice can lead to
communication breakdown.
• Linguistic differences among
participants can be a barrier to
communication.
• Words used by the speaker may
have different meanings for
others.
• Misinterpretation can occur
depending on how a word is used.
• The speaker must be cautious with
their choice of words.
Non-Verbal Communication
• Transmitting messages without
using words.
• Conveyed as visual cues.
• Examples include gestures,
facial expressions, giving
flowers, choosing a color of
what to wear, or putting a
forefinger in front of lips.
• Can effectively communicate
many human feelings.
Language of gestures
• Gestures are commonly used in
non-verbal communication.
• Speakers should use gestures to
enhance understanding and
engage listeners.
• Cultural differences must be
considered when using gestures.
• Nodding means yes in the
Philippines and other countries,
but the opposite in the Middle
East.
The following are other
examples of gesture:
• Emblems – clenched fist
upraised.
• Emphasizing – “YES”
clenched both fists in front of
breast.
• Illustrating – “this large” (open
hands set apart)
• Regulating – “shh” forefinger
in front of lips.
The face is crucial for
communication
• It conveys emotions like joy,
sorrow, anger, annoyance,
confusion, fear, hatred, or
surprise.
• Eyes are particularly effective
in showing attention and
interest.
• Facial expressions can be
interpreted differently across
cultures.
People choose colors based on
their meanings
• Colors have different
meanings in different cultures
and based on gender.
• In the Philippines, blue is
typically chosen for baby boys
and pink for baby girls.
• Black is worn when grieving,
while white is also worn by
some individuals.
Flowers convey unspoken messages
• Meanings of flowers vary based on culture
and gender.
• In the Philippines, men give flowers to women
to show delicacy and femininity.
• Giving flowers to a woman signifies special
treatment and deep affection.
• Lack of knowledge about flower customs can
lead to conflicts.
• Plumeria and kalachi are considered
annoying in the Philippines.
• Kalachuchi is given in Hawaii to welcome
guests
• Chrysanthemums are sent by Italians for
special occasions, but Filipinos associate
them with funerals.
Language of space or proxemics is
based on importance
• It is a non-verbal communication
method.
• Similar to chronemics, it shows
who a person is.
• The person with the highest
position in a company usually has
the biggest office in the best
location.
• Distance can indicate intimacy
and individual acceptance.
Language of time
Language of time or
chronemics is the use of time
based on position and power.
In the Philippines, time is most
often used to convey how
powerful a person is. Someone
in authority may show that
his/her time is more important
than that of the visitors by
making them wait.
Language of touch
Language of touch also known as
Haptics can also be used to
expressed what cannot be said. It
is also one of the most powerful of
the types of non-verbal
communication. Unlike the other
types, in Haptics, there is contact
between the sender and the
receiver of the message. Touch
can comfort, encourage,
dissuade, or aggravate.
Paralanguage
• Paralanguage refers to
nonverbal elements of speech
• It includes tone, voice, and
rhythm.
• These elements contribute to the
understanding of the message.
• Matching paralanguage with
content reinforces the message.
• Strong points in the message
should be emphasized with
strong paralanguage.
Posture and Body Orientation
• Posture and body orientation are non-verbal
communication.
• How one stands or sits communicates self-
perception, perception of listeners, and
attitude towards the message.
• Walking style can convey various messages.
• Standing erect and slightly leaning forward
can indicate approachability, friendliness,
and receptiveness.
• Non-verbal communication often
accompanies or replaces verbal
communication.
• Non-verbal communication can be culture-
specific
• Communication breakdown occurs when
cultural concepts clash or do not align.

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Using Various Strategies

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