Biotechnology and its

34

Chapter
Applications

7. Bt toxin is harmful to insects like

FACT/DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS
(a) lepidoterans (tobacco budworm, armyworms)
1. Consumption of which one of the following foods can (b) coleopterans (beetles)
prevent the kind of blindness associated with vitamin ‘A’ (c) dipterans (flies and mosquito)
deficiency? (d) all of the above
(a) ‘Flavr Savr’ tomato (b) Canolla 8. RNA interference (RNAi) technique has been devised to
(c) Golden rice (d) Bt-Brinjal protect the plants from nematode is silenced by ______
2. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains have been used for produced by the host plant.
designing novel (a) dsDNA (b) ssDNA
(a) bio-fertilizers (c) dsRNA (d) target proteins
(b) bio-metallurgical techniques 9. Tobacco plants resistant to a nematode have been
(c) bio-mineralization processes developed by the introduction of DNA that produced (in
the host cells)
(d) bio-insecticidal plants
(a) both sense and anti-sense RNA.
3. The genetically-modified (GM) brinjal in India has been
(b) a particular hormone.
developed for
(c) an antifeedant.
(a) insect-resistance
(d) a toxic protein.
(b) enhancing shelf life
10. C-peptide of human insulin is
(c) enhancing mineral content
(a) a part of mature insulin molecule.
(d) drought-resistance
(b) responsible for formation of disulphide bridges.
4. Bt toxin kill the larvae of certain insects
(c) removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin.
(a) by binding of activated toxin on mid gut epithelial
cells, creating pores, leading to swelling and lysis. (d) responsible for its biological activity.
(b) by stopping transcription of larval cells. 11. The first human drug made using recombinant DNA
technology was
(c) by altering central dogma taking place in the cells of
(a) glyphosatase (b) TPA
gut of larva.
(c) insulin (d) erythropoietin
(d) by stopping protein synthesis.
12. E. coli are used in production of
5. Cry protein is obtained from
(a) rifampicin (b) LH
(a) Bacillus thuringiensis
(c) ecdysone (d) interferon
(b) Bacillus subtilis
13. The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4
(c) Clostridium welchi
years old girl with enzyme deficiency of
(d) E. coli
(a) adenosine deaminase (ADA)
6. Cry-genes have been introduced in
(b) tyrosine oxidase
(a) cotton and corn (b) rice (c) monamine oxidase
(c) potato and soyabean (d) all of the above (d) glutamate dehydrogenase
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290 Biology
14. In some children, ADA deficiency can be cured by 25. Biopiracy is related to
(a) bone marrow transplantation (a) bioresearches
(b) enzyme replacement therapy (b) traditional knowledge
(c) both (a) and (b) (c) biomolecules and genes discovered
(d) none of the above (d) all of the above
15. The site of production of ADA in the body is 26. The use of bioresources by multinational companies and
(a) bone marrow (b) lymphocytes other organizations without proper authorisation from the
(c) blood plasma (d) monocytes countries and people concerned without compensatory
payment is called
16. Genes of interest can be selected from a genomic library
by using (a) bioethics (b) biopiracy
(a) restriction enzymes (b) cloning vectors (c) bioterror (d) bioweapon
(c) DNA probes (d) gene targets 27. Which step of Government of India has taken to cater
17. DNA or RNA segment tagged with a radioactive molecule requirement of patent terms and other emergency
is called ___________ . provisions in this regard ?
(a) vector (b) probe (a) Biopiracy act
(c) clone (d) plasmid (b) Indian patents bill
18. The transgenic animals are those which have (c) RTI act
(a) foreign DNA in some cells. (d) Negotiable instruments act
(b) foreign DNA in all of their cells.
(c) foreign RNA in all of their cells. STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
(d) both (a) and (c) 28. Which of the following statement is correct about Bt toxin ?
19. Today, transgenic models exist for many human diseases (a) Bt protein exists as active toxin in the Bacillus.
which includes
(b) The activated toxin enters the ovaries of the pest to
(i) Cancer (ii) Cystic fibrosis
sterilize it and thus prevent its multiplication.
(iii) Rheumatoid arthritis (iv) Alzhiemer’s disease
(c) The concerned Bacillus has antitoxins.
(a) (i) and (iii) only (b) (ii) and (iii) only
(d) The inactive protoxin gets converted into active form
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) only (d) all of these
in the insect gut.
20. The protein a-1 antitrypsin is used to treat the
29. Find out the incorrect statement.
(a) cancer (b) rheumatoid arthritis
(a) Human protein used to treat emphysema is a-1
(c) Alzheimer’s disease (d) emphysema
antitrypsin.
21. Maximum number of existing transgenic animals is of
(b) Human insulin is being commercially produced from
(a) fish (b) mice
a transgenic species of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
(c) cow (d) pig
(c) Rosie, the first transgenic cow, produced human
22. GEAC stands for
protein enriched milk.
(a) Genome Engineering Action Committee
(d) Cry I Ab endotoxins obtained from Bacillus
(b) Ground Environment Action Committee thuringiensis is effective against corn borers.
(c) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
30. Which one of the following statement(s) is/are correct
(d) Genetic and Environment Approval Committee about Genetic Engineering Approval committee (GEAC) ?
23. How many varieties of rice has been estimated to be
(a) It will make decision regarding the validity of GM
present in India?
research.
(a) 2,000 (b) 20,000
(b) It will make the safety of introducing GM - organism
(c) 200,000 (d) 2,000,000
for public services.
24. Which variety of rice was patented by a U.S. company
(c) Its genetic modification of organism can have
even though the highest number of varieties of this rice is
unpredictable results when such organisms are
found in India ?
introduced into the ecosystem. Therefore, the Indian
(a) Sharbati Sonara (b) Co-667
government has set up organisation such as GEAC.
(c) Basmati (d) Lerma Roja
(d) All of the above
Biotechnology and its Applications 291

31. Which one of the following statement is correct? (iii) Bacillus thuringiensis can form cry protein during
(a) The proteins encoded by the genes cry I Ac and any phase of their growth.
cry II Ab control cotton bollworms. (iv) Bacillus thuringiensis is not harmed by self cry
(b) Protein encoded by cry I Ab controls corn borer. protein because of its occurrence as protoxin
(c) Both (a) and (b) (inactive).
(d) Proteins encoded by cry I Ac and cry I Ab control (v) Protoxin cry protein is changed into active cry
flies. protein in the stomach of insects due to alkaline pH
32. Which of the following is a correct statement? in stomach.
(a) “Bt” in Bt-cotton indicates that it is genetically (a) Only (iii) (b) (i) and (iv)
modified organism produced through biotechnology. (c) All of these (d) None of these
(b) Somatic hybridization involves fusion of two 37. Read the following four statements (i-iv) and answer the
complete plant cells carrying desired genes. question ?
(c) The anticoagulant hirudin is being produced from (i) The first transgenic buffalo, Rosie produced milk
transgenic Brassica napus seeds. which was human alpha-lactal albumin enriched.
(d) “Flavr Savr” variety of tomato has enriched the (ii) Restriction enzymes are used in isolation of DNA
production of ethylene which improves its taste. from other macro-molecules.
33. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (iii) Downstream processing is one of the steps of R-
(a) The procedure for chemical safety testing / toxicity DNA technology.
is the same as that used for testing toxicity of drugs.
(iv) Disarmed pathogen vectors are also used in transfer
(b) Transgenic animals are more sensitive to the toxic of R-DNA into the host.
substances than non-transgenic animals.
Which are the two statements having mistakes?
(c) Golden rice, a genetically engineered rice has high
(a) (ii) and (iii) (b) (iii) and (iv)
vitamin A (retinol) content.
(d) All of the above (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (i) and (ii)
34. Which of the following statements is correct? 38. Read the following statements and choose the correct
statements.
(a) The current interest in the manipulation of microbes,
plants and animal has raised serious ethical issues. (i) Gene therapy has been tested on a large number of
(b) One possible risk of genetic engineering is the patients with a wider variety of inherited genetic
accidental production of dangerously resistant disorders, and in numerous cases it has produced a
microorganisms. complete cure.
(c) Although risks are possible, genetic engineering (ii) Genetic engineering has been used to produce
appears to offer more of contribution to human insulin for curing the diabetes.
welfare than threats. (iii) DNA hybridization is the base pairing of DNA from
(d) All of the above two different sources.
35. Select the correct statement. (iv) Genetic engineering is a technique of plant breeding.
(a) Genetic engineering works only on animals and has (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
not yet been successfully used on plants. (c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) All of these
(b) There are no risks associated with DNA technology. 39. Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect?
(c) The first step in PCR is heat which is used to separate (i) Insulin was originally extracted from pancreas of
both the strands of target DNA. slaughtered pigs and cattle.
(d) DNA from one organism will not bond to DNA from (ii) Animal insulin is difficult to obtain.
another animal.
(iii) Animal insulin is identical to human insulin.
36. Which of the following statements (i - v) is/are incorrect ?
(iv) Non-human insulin caused some patients to develop
(i) Recombinant DNA technology is used to improve allergy.
crop plants by increasing their productivity, by
(v) Recombinant insulin is actually obtained from E. coli
making them more nutritious and by developing in bacterial cell.
disease resistant.
(a) Only (i) and (ii) (b) Only (iii) and (iv)
(ii) Bt cotton is resistant to bollworm infestation. (c) Only (iii) (d) Only (v)
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292 Biology
40. Transgenic animals are produced Reason : In this, production of pectin degrading
(i) to study how genes are regulated and how they affect Polygalactouronase is blocked.
the normal functions of body and its development. 46. Assertion : ELISA is based on the principle of antigen
(ii) to study diseases. antibody interaction.
Reason : Pathogen infection is usually detected by
(iii) to obtain useful biological products .
presence of antigens or detection of antibodies
(iv) to test vaccine safety and chemical safety. synthesized against the pathogen.
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) (b) (i) and (iv) 47. Assertion : The GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval
(c) (ii) and (iv) (d) Only (i) Committee) has been set up by the Indian Government.
41. When a patient with defective ADA was treated, which of Reason : Introduction of GMO could have unpredictable
the following steps was performed for gene therapy? result in the ecosystem.
(i) Lymphocytes were obtained from the patients.
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
(ii) Lymphocytes are transferred to culture dishes.
(iii) Lymphocytes were transfected with normal ADA 48. Match the following and choose the correct combination
genes. from the options given below :
(iv) The transfected cells are returned to the patients. Column - I Column - II
(a) All of these (b) (iii) and (iv) A. Escherichia coli I. nif gene
(c) Only (iv) (d) SCID cannot be treated B. Bacillus thuringiensis II. Interferon
C. Rhizobium meliloti III. Bt toxin
42. The given statements are the steps in one type of gene
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens IV. Vector
therapy.
(a) A – II; B – I; C – (IV); D – III
(i) Inject engineered cells into patients bone marrow.
(b) A – II; B – I; C – (III); D – IV
(ii) Viral DNA carring the normal allele inserts into
(c) A – II; B – III; C – I; D – IV
chromosome.
(d) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III
(iii) Let retrovirus infect bone marrow cells that have
49. Match the items given in column - I with those in column - II
removed from patient and cultured.
and choose the correct option.
(iv) Insert RNA version of normal allele into retrovirus.
Column - I Column - II
The correct sequence is A. GMO I. Increased shelf life
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) (b) (iv), (iii), (ii) and (i) B. Flavr - Savr tomato II. Bioresources
(c) (i), (ii), (iv) and (iii) (d) (iv), (iii), (i) and (ii) C. Biopiracy III. rDNA
D. E.coli IV. Insulin
ASSERTION/REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
(a) A – III; B – I; C – II; D – IV
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is followed (b) A – II; B – I; C – III; D – IV
by a statement of Reason. (c) A – II; B – III; C – I; D – IV
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is (d) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III
the correct explanation of the Assertion. 50. Match column-I with column-II and identify the correct option.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is Column - I Column - II
not the correct explanation of the Assertion. A. Gene therapy I. Rhizobium
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false. B. Biofertilizer II. Cry gene
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false. C. Bt cotton III. SCID
43. Assertion : Blood clotting is prevented by Hirudin D. Humulin IV. Diabetes
protein. (a) A – II; B – I; C – IV; D – III
Reason : The gene encoding for the Hirudin protein is (b) A – III; B – I; C – II; D – IV
transferred into Brassica napus, where accumulation of (c) A – II; B – III; C – I; D – IV
hirudin occurs in the seeds. (d) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III
44. Assertion : An application of tissue culture is the 51. Match column-I with column-II and choose the correct
production of transgenic plants. option.
Reason : A transgenic organism is one that contains and Column - I Column - II
expresses a transgene. A. Golden Rice I. Cry protein
45. Assertion : Flavr Savr tomato is transgenic tomato that B. Bt toxin II. Rich in vitamin A
is capable of remaining fresh and retaining the flavour for C. RNAi III. First trangenic cow
a longer time. D. Rosie IV. Gene silencing
Biotechnology and its Applications 293

(a) A – II; B – I; C – IV; D – III (c) transgenic cow – rosie which produces high fat milk
(b) A – II; B – I; C – III; D – IV for making ghee.
(c) A – II; B – III; C – I; D – IV (d) animals like bulls for farm work as they have super
(d) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III power.
52. Match column-I with column-II and choose the correct 56. Silencing of mRNA has been used in producing transgenic
option. plants resistant to
Column - I Column - II (a) bollworms (b) nematodes
A. Forensic science I. AIDS
(c) white rusts (d) bacterial blights
B. ELISA II. Radioactive DNA/RNA
57. Which one of the following techniques made it possible
C. Probe III. Emphysema
to genetically engineer living organism ?
D. a-1-antitrypsin IV. DNA fingerprinting
(a) Recombinant DNA techniques
(a) A – II; B – I; C – IV; D – III
(b) X-ray diffraction
(b) A – II; B – I; C – III; D – IV
(c) Heavier isotope labelling
(c) A – II; B – III; C – I; D – IV
(d) Hybridization
(d) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III
58. Which of the following Bt crops is being grown in India
DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS by the farmers?
(a) Cotton (b) Brinjal
53. Which of the following is the correct set of the labels A, (c) Soyabean (d) Maize
B, C and D in the given figure of maturation of pro-insulin
59. A transgenic food crop which may help in solving the
into insulin ?
problem of night blindness in developing countries is
(a) golden rice (b) Bt soyabean
s–s
(c) flavr - savr tomato (d) starlink maize
A B
s-s 60. Which of these is used as vector in gene therapy for
SCID?
C (a) Arbovirus (b) Rotavirus
+
(c) Retrovirus (d) Parvovirus
61. The genetic defect, adenosine deaminase (ADA)
D deficiency may be cured permanently by
A B C D (a) administering adenosine deaminase through
(a) Proinsulin cell peptidases Insulin Free C-Peptide injection
(b) Insulin cell peptidases Free C-Peptide Proinsulin (b) bone marrow transplantation
(c) Insulin Free C-Peptide cell peptidases Proinsulin
(c) enzyme replacement therapy
(d) Insulin Proinsulin Free C-Peptide cell peptidases
(d) introducing isolated gene from marrow cells
CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS producing ADA into the cells at early embryonic
stages
54. Transgenic plants are the ones 62. Genetically engineered bacteria have been successfully
(a) generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell used in the commercial production of
and regenerating a plant from that cell.
(a) human insulin (b) testosterone
(b) produced after protoplast fusion in artificial medium.
(c) thyroxine (d) melatonin
(c) grown in artificial medium after hybridization in the
field. 63. Main objective of production/use of herbicide resistant
(d) produced by a somatic embryo in artificial medium. GM crops is to
55. Transgenic animals has been successfully used for (a) eliminate weeds from the field without the use of
producing manual labour.
(a) transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine (b) eliminate weeds from the field without the use of
before use in humans. herbicides.
(b) transgenic models for studying new treatments for (c) encourage eco-friendly herbicides.
certain cardiac diseases. (d) reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for
health safety.
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294 Biology
64. Biotechnology deals with industrial scale production of 69. What is the disadvantage of using porcine insulin
biopharmaceuticals and biological products using (from pig) in diabetic patients?
genetically modified (a) It leads hypercalcemia.
(a) microbes only (b) It is expensive.
(b) fungi only (c) It may cause allergic reactions.
(c) plants and animals only (d) It can lead to mutation in human genome.
(d) all of the above 70. Which technique would to be completely curative in
65. Cry II Ab and cry I AC produce toxins that control SCID ?
(a) cotton bollworms and corn borer respectively. (a) Gene therapy in adult stage.
(b) cotton borer and cotton bollworms respectively. (b) Gene therapy in embryonic stage.
(c) tobacco budworms and nematodes respectively. (c) Bone marrow transplantation.
(d) nematodes and tobacco budworms respectively. (d) Enzyme replacement therapy.
66. Bt toxin is 71. In order for gene therapy to be most effective, genes
(a) intracellular lipids. should be inserted in
(b) intracellular crystalline protein. (a) WBC (b) RBC
(c) extracellular crystalline protein. (c) stem cells (d) all of these
(d) intracellular polysaccharide. 72. Which of the following is based upon the principle of
67. RNA interference involves antigen-antibody interaction?
(a) synthesis of mRNA from DNA. (a) PCR (b) ELISA
(b) synthesis of cDNA from RNA using reverse (c) r-DNA technology (d) RNA
transcriptase. 73. Deliberate alteration of genome for treatment of disease
(c) silencing of specific mRNA due to complementary is called
RNA. (a) transformation rescue
(d) interference of RNA in synthesis of DNA. (b) imprinting
68. The RNAi stands for (c) exon shuffle
(a) RNA inactivation (b) RNA initiation (d) gene therapy
(c) RNA interference (d) RNA interferon