Bunat Alghad Academy

First Semester
For the Scholastic Year 2023/2024

Grade 11 National

Module 1 Booklet
Starting Out

Teachers:
Nadia Balquis & Alaa Omran

pg. 1
 Vocabulary
Verbs
aim a clearly directed intent or purpose; goal; objective
Example: The children’s aim is to win the robotics champion ship.

improve to make something better

Example: To improve the way the bedroom looked, the decorator
added new curtains and rugs.

concentrate to focus all of your attention or mental effort to the thing you are
doing
Example: Her ability to concentrate under extreme pressure set
the attorney general apart from her peers.

claim a demand or request for something considered one's due

Example: He says his claim is not negotiable.

reduce to decrease
Example: To lose weight, one must reduce the number of calories
they eat.
sort to arrange things in groups based on shared qualities
Example: Being a very picky eater, I tend to sort the food on my
plate, making sure they all have their own section and don’t touch
each other.

monitor observed or watched over something

Example: The nurses monitored the patient’s vital signs, recording
any change that they noticed during the night.

Nouns
jogging the activity of running at a steady, gentle pace as a form of physical
exercise
Example: Jogging is an easy exercise that can be done while
working.

staff people employed by an organization or company

Example: You become a member of a company’s staff when you
are hired by them.

immune system the bodily system that protects the body from foreign substances,
cells, and tissues
Example: The immune system is our body’s shield against
infection.

pg. 2
Brain waves an electrical impulse in the brain
Example: Differences in brain waves indicate whether the infant
heard the noise.

insomnia a condition in which one has trouble sleeping regularly

Example: Insomnia is a condition in which you find it difficult to
sleep, but it does not necessarily make it impossible.

apnea a temporary in ability to breathe specially during sleep

Example: Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder in
which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.

Adjectives
essential absolutely necessary; extremely important
Example: Air and water are essential for human life.

frequent occurring or done many times at short intervals

Example: Pot-bound grasses require frequent watering, as well as
annual division and repotting.

patient to have the ability to tolerate problems in an easygoing way

Example: When the truck seemed to be in an emergency, the
patient driver of the car remained still for the truck to pass.

exhausting making one feel physically or mentally tired

Example: The fitness trainer completed several exhausting
workouts today and left the gym drained of any energy.

tense stressful; worrying

Example: The ten-hour long interrogation was so tense that
everyone in the room left extremely stressed.

pg. 3
Exercise 1: Choose a word from the box to complete each of the following sentences.

improve claim concentrate monitor staff insomnia

apnea essential patient reduce frequent tense

1. Common sleep disorders such as _ and _

can be a deadly combination.

2. Salt and pepper were added to the potatoes to their taste.

3. As the elderly woman kept forgetting her thoughts, the waiter

remained silent until the woman knew what she wanted to say.

4. Even though they liked to play more than study, the two sisters always found a way to
on their work.

5. The teacher made sure to each of the test takers as they completed
their assessments.

6. To learn how to read, it is to understand each letter of the

alphabet to sound out a word.

7. Even the lowest ranking employees in a company like Apple are part of their

8. The finance division can now obtain more accurate and statistics, the
company said.

9. Taking several tests back to back made the anxious student even more
than she was at the beginning of the day.

10. Some doctors that chocolate can reduce your chance of a

heart attack.

Exercise 2: Choose the correct form of the word that best completes each of the following
sentences.

1. Even with the _ _ of the house by painting the

house’s interior and exterior, it still took over six months to sell the house.
a. improve b. improvement c. improved

pg. 4
 2. As a way to _ _ her mobility, the overweight woman
began to diet and exercise.
a. improve b. improvement c. improved

3. Rana showed me an _ form of the picture.

a. improve b. improvement c. improved

4. In the meeting, the boy spoke about his project.

a. confident b. confidence c. confidently

5. He feels _ of getting the job.

a. confident b. confidence c. confidently

6. Jack could not _ because his little

brother was playing with his video games.
a. concentrate b. concentration

Derivatives

Verb Noun Adjective Adverb

improve improvement improved ------------------------
confidence confident confidently
reduce reduction reduced ------------------------

concentrate concentration ------------------- ------------------------

---------------------- frequency frequent frequently
Reading Comprehension
 Grammar

Lesson 1: Present Tenses

1. The Present Simple

A. Usage: We use the simple present tense to talk about:

 something that is true in the present
Example: Ahmad is my English teacher.
 things that are always true or facts
Example: Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade.
 things that happen as routine in the present
Example: Every day, I wake up at 6 o’clock.
 scheduled or fixed events in the future
Example: The plane arrives at 5 pm tonight.

B. Formation:
he\ she\ it + v (s) or (es) I, you, we, they + v (base form)

Examples: Jack listens to music every day.

The children play tennis on weekends.
 Spelling Rules:
 If the verb ends with (ss, s, x, o, ch, sh, z), we add (es).
Examples: (fixes, washes, passes, goes, splashes, catches)

 If the verb ends with (y) preceded by a vowel letter, we add (s).
Example: (sways, plays, enjoys)

Vowel letters: a e i o u
  If the verb ends with (y) preceded by a consonant, we change the (y) into
(i), then we add (es).
Example: (tries, flies, cries)

Key words

always, usually, sometimes, normally, generally, scarcely, rarely,

frequently, every day, daily, yearly

C. Negative Form:
 We use (do \ does) + not + infinitive form of verb
Hadi does not play tennis very often.
Omar and Hadi do not like pizza.

 We use verb to be (is, am, are) + not

Ali is not in the classroom.
The children are not happy.
D. Question Form:
 Yes\ No Questions:
 We use (does, do) + Subject+ verb (infinitive)
Does Hadi play tense very often?
Do the children enjoy movies?
 We use verb to be (is, am, are) + Subject
Is Jack your English teacher?
Are these your papers?
  Wh- Questions: . Wh- questions (using words such as “what”, “when”, and
“where”) are also created by putting the auxiliary do before the subject. Then, you
add the Wh- word at the beginning.

Examples: Where does he live?

When do they usually arrive?

2. The present continuous\ progressive:

A. Usage: We use the present continuous to:
 talk about actions happening now, at the moment of speaking
Example: He is reading a book now.
 talk about temporary actions happening around now
Example: My brother is staying in his uncle’s house tonight.
 talk about fixed arrangements in the near future
Example: They are travelling to the USA tomorrow.
 talk about changing actions
Example: Computers are becoming more and more important.
B. Formation:
Verb to be: (is\ am\ are) + v-ing (present participle)

Examples: The children are playing soccer.

I am studying English.
He is visiting his friend.
C. Spelling rules:
Basic rule Just add -ing to the base verb:

work > working

play > playing

assist > assisting

see > seeing

be > being

Exception If the base verb ends in consonant + stressed vowel + consonant,

1 double the last letter.
S T o p
consonant stressed consonant
vowel
(vowels = a, e, i, o, u)

stop > stopping

run > running

begin > beginning

Note that this exception does not apply when the last syllable of the
base verb is not stressed:

open > opening

Exception If the base verb ends in “ie”, change the “ie” to “y”.
2
lie > lying

die > dying

If the base verb ends in vowel + consonant + e, omit the “e”.

 Exception come > coming

3 mistake > mistaking

Key words
now _ at the moment – nowadays – at present – right now – at this minute –
these days – Look! – Listen! – Wow! – Shh! – Watch out! – Hurry up! –

Be quiet

3.The Present Perfect

A. Usage: The present perfect is used to:
 talk about actions that happened in the past at an unstated time in the past
Example: Ali has bought a new mobile.
 talk about actions that have recently finished and their results are visible in the
present
Example: What’s this! Someone has broken my window.
 talk about actions that started in the past and has just finished
Example: She has just seen one of my old friends.
 Talk about achievements
Example: He has won the world cup three times.

B. Formation:
has\ have + V3 (past participle)

Examples: I have written three poems.

Key words

pg. 11
For – since – already – just – yet – recently – lately – ever –
never – up till now – so far – how long – when – once
 4. The Present perfect continuous

A. Usage: The present perfect continuous is used to:

 talk about an action that started and finished in the past and lasted for some
time; the result of the action is visible in the present
Example: His is dirty. He has been playing football.
 to put emphasis on the duration of an action which started in the past and
continues up to the present especially with time expressions such as for, since,
all morning/day/week, etc.
Example: Sarah has been studying for ten hours.
C. Formation:
has \ have + been+ v-ing

Examples: He looks tired. He has been studying since morning.

They have been cleaning their house for two hours.

Key words
for – since – How long – all morning/day/week,

 For and since:

 For is used when specifying the amount of time (how long):

I have had this watch for more than ten years.
 Since is used when specifying the starting point:
I have had this watch since 2010.
Note: The point in time after since can also be expressed with a clause containing
a verb in the past simple. (He has been living here since he started school.)
Exercise 1: Study the following sentences, then answer the questions
that follow.
a. The train leaves at 6pm.
What is the function of using the simple present in the above sentence?

b. He usually takes his coffee at 7 in the morning.

What is the function of using the simple present in the above sentence?

c. I am doing the exercise at the moment.

What is the function of using the present continuous in the above sentence?

d. They are moving to their new house next Monday.

What is the function of using the present continuous in the above sentence?

e. The weather is getting hotter every day.

What is the function of using the present continuous in the above sentence?

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct present form.

1- Please be quiet! Can’t you see that I --------------------------------- (try) to

concentrate?
2- There is nobody here; everybody ----------------------------------------- (go) out.
3- Mom ------------------------------------------ (cook) the food for two hours.
4- We ------------------------------ (not, have) any tests yet.

pg. 13
 5. The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he ---------------------------------
(play) in the mud for hours.
6. Brazil (won) the World Cup five times.
7. you already (post) the letter?
8. He is a teacher, but he (not, work) at the moment.
9. Listen! Someone (knock) at the door.
10. The celebration (begin) at 6 o’clock.
11. The weather (get) warmer.
12. The internet (become) the major source of
information.
13. He (be) married for 50 years.
14. Farmers (not\grow) rice in Jordan.
15. The earth (go) around the sun.
16. My father (not\ exercise) every day.
17. I (have) just my breakfast.
18. She looks tired because she (study) for more than
four hours.
19. The government has (be, work) to raise the citizen’s
awareness of human rights.
 Exercise 3: Choose the correct form of the verbs from those given below
to complete each of the following sentences and write your answer in
the space provided.

1. The children are tired. They in the yard for two hours.
(is playing – are playing – have been playing)

1. My family a trip to Europe every year.

(has planned – is planning – plans)

2. The workers _ at the moment. They are on break.

(are not working – have not been working – is not working)

Exercise 4: Fill in the blanks with since and for.

1. They have been living in Madrid 1980.
2. He has been in prison four years.
3. He has known about the fact a long time.
4. I have not eaten anything four hours.
5. I have not seen him four years. It is because I have not been
there I left school.
6. He has not spoken a word to me the last meeting.
7. Nada has been learning Japanese two years.
8. Miss. Rana has been our English teacher 2020.
9. I have been waiting for you ages.
10. I have been waiting for the postman 8 O’clock.
 Lesson 2: Relative clauses

Relative clauses are clauses starting with the relative pronouns who, that, which,
whose, where, when. They are most often used to define or identify the noun
that precedes them.

Read the following examples and complete the sentences

Do you know the girl who started in grade 7 last year?

Who is used for

I want to live in a place where there is lots to do.

Where is used for

I will not eat in a restaurant whose cook smokes.

Whose is used for

Can I have the pencil that I gave you this morning?

That is used for

A notebook is a computer which can be carried around.

Which is used for

Yesterday was a day when everything went wrong.

When is used for
 Defining Relative Clauses

 is used to identify which particular person, place or thing is being talked about
or tells us which person or thing or what kind of person or thing) the speaker
means.
 It gives essential information.
 no commas are used.
 We can use that instead of who and which.

Examples:
1. The woman who\that lives next door works in a bank.
2. Ali works for a company that\which produces watches.
3. Have you found the keys that\which you lost?

Non _ Defining Relative Clauses

 is used to give more detail about a particular person, place or thing that is being
talked and we already know which person or thing is meant
 is used to give more detail about a particular person, place or thing that is being
talked and we already know which person or thing is meant.
 commas are used.
 We can’t use that instead of who and which

Examples:

My grandfather, who is 87, goes swimming every day.

In this sentence, we cannot use (that) to replace who

The house, which was built in 1883, has just been opened to the public.
Exercise 1: Put who, which, that or whose in each gap to make one
sentence from the two sentences given.
1. He is a famous architect. His designs won an international award last
year.
He is a famous architect designs won an
international award last year.
2. He is the one. The award should be given to him
He is the one the award should be given to.

3. This is Mary. She is taking over my job when I leave.

This is Mary is taking over my job when I
leave.

4. It’s the invoice. You sent it to us last week.

It's the invoice you sent us last week.

5. He is a consultant. I rely on his advice.

He is the consultant advice I rely on.

6. The photocopier has a two-year guarantee. It cost $2000.

The photocopier, has a two-year guarantee, cost
$2000.

7. The people were stopped at the border. They were all from Eastern
Europe.
The people were stopped at the border were
all from Eastern Europe.

8. They expect his decision soon. This decision should help us solve the
problem.
They expect his decision soon should help us
solve the problem.

9. The President of the company is visiting us next week. I really admire

him.
The President of the company, I really admire,
is visiting us next.
 Exercise 2: Are the following relative clauses defining or non-
defining?

1. London, which is the capital of England, is one of the largest cities in the world.
2. The is the dress which my mother has made for me.
3. Queen Elizabeth, who is 83, has been the queen of England for 57 years.
4. That’s the dog that bit me.
5. The village where I grew up is very small.
6. Greg, whose job involves travelling a lot, has been in nearly all countries in the
world.
7. The office that I have just rented is near my home.
8. This is the officer that arrested the burglar.
9. Lady Gaga, who is a well-known pop star, is only 37 years old.
10. The new University that they intend to create will specialize in distant learning.
11. The teacher who you spoke to is responsible for the foreign language
department.
12. Mrs. West, who I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our
project.
13. Mr. Edwards, who has worked for the same company all his life, is retiring next year.

Exercise 3: Choose the suitable item for those given to complete each of the
following sentences.
a. A mathematician is someone _ works with numbers.
( which, who, whose, when)

b. London was the place the Olympic games were held in 2012
CE.
( which, who, where, when)

Exercise 4: Complete each of the following sentences so that your new sentence
has the same meaning.

1. London is a huge city. It is capital of the UK

London

2. Ahmad’s father goes swimming every day. He is 77.

Ahmad’s father, _

3. The letters are on the table. They must be posted today.

The letters,

4. Ali is my closest friend. Ali’s father is a dentist.

Ali,
 Derivations

 Nouns come:
1. after (a, an, the)
2. after prepositions ( in, on , at, from, by, with, of)
3. after the possessive (‘s, s’)
4. after (my, his, her, its , their , your, our )
5. after adjectives
6. after numbers: cardinal (one), ordinal (first)
7. after the words (this, that, these, those)
8. at the beginning of sentences as subjects

 Adjectives come:
1. before a noun: adjectives describe nouns
2. after verb to be
3. be + (as adjective as)
4. after these verbs (seem, look, feel, sound, become, find, taste,
smell, get, turn)
5. after (be+ more, the most)

 Verbs come:
1. after (to)
2. after (always / usually / often / seldom / rarely / sometimes / never)
3. after (would rather / had better)
4. after (will / would / shall / should / may / might / can / could /
must)
5. between subject and object (N V N)

 Adverbs come:
1. before verbs: adverbs describe verbs
2. before adjectives: (be+ ly)
3. at the begging of the sentence: Suddenly, he stopped his car.
4. " verb " + ( very / too / so / quite)
5. verb " + ( as adv as )
6. subject + ly + verb
am – is – are + -------ly------ + V3 / am – is – are + V3 + ---- ly-
has / have + -------ly------ + V3 / has / have + V3 + ------ly-----
Exercise: Complete the sentences with words formed from the words in
brackets.

1. The Middle East is famous for the --------------------------- of olive oil.

(produce - productive - production)
2. Ibn Sina wrote -------------------------- textbooks.
(medicine - medical - medically)

3. Fatima al-Fihri was born in the ----------------------- century.

(nine – ninth)

4. My father bought our house with an ---------------------------- from his grandfather.

(inherit – inherited - inheritance)

5. Scholars have discovered an -------------------------- document from the twelfth

century.
(origin – original – originally)

6. Do you think the wheel was the most important --------------------------------- ever?

(invention – invented - invent)

7. Al-Kindi made many important mathematical ---------------------------- --.

(discover – discoveries – discoverer)

8. Who was the most -------------------------- writer of the twentieth century?

(influence – influent – influential )

9. The Giralda Tower was --------------------------------- a minaret.

( origin – original – originally )
10. The --------------------- system must provide high-quality competencies.
(education – educate – educational)

11. Jordan has a ------------------ of being a friendly and welcoming country.

(repute – reputation )

12. The ---------------------- of oil made some countries rich.

(discover – discovery – discoverer )

13. Developing ---------------------- thinking is being encouraged at schools in Jordan.

(create - creative – creation )
14. When we go on school trips, we always learn new things because the trips are
-.
(education – educational - educate)
15. King Hussein was a ------------------ world figure in the twentieth century.
(majority - major)

16. Photography and painting are two examples of the ----------------------------- arts.

(vision – visual - visually)

17. Art, music and literature are all part of our ------------------------------ life.
(culture – cultural - culturally)

18. Sheep’s wool, and goat and camel hair are used by Bedouin tribes to ---------
rugs.
(produce – production - productive)

19. There is a particular Bedouin style of weaving that buyers find very ----------- --.

(attraction – attractive – attract )

20. The craft that is practiced in Madaba is the ------------------------- of ceramic items.

(creative – creation – create )

21. Petra is an important ------------------------------site.

(archaeology / archaeologist / archaeological)

22. I will be going to university to continue my ---------------------------- --.

(education / educate / educational)

23. In our exam, we had to -------------------- a text from Arabic into English.
( translate / translation / translated )

24. They are going to ------------------ a new air conditioning unit in our flat.
( install / installed / installation )

25. Thank you for your help, I really ----------------------------- it.

( appreciate / appreciative / appreciation )

26. Have you seen Nasser’s --------------- of postcards? He’s got hundreds!
( collect / collection / collective )

27. Many instruments that are still today in ------------ were designed by Arab
scholars.
(operational / operate / operation)
28. When do you -------------------------- to receive your test results?
(expect / expectedly / expectancy)

29. The newly constructed project uses recycled water which contributes to the
------------ of the environment.
( sustain - sustainable – sustainability )

30. Taha Hussein is one of the most ------------- writers in the twentieth century.
( influence – influent – influential )

31. Maha shows great --------------------------- for her new job as a lawyer.
(enthusiasm - enthusiastic - enthusiastically )

32. Our national team is now well- -----------for the second round of the competition.
(qualify - qualification - qualified)

33. With children, it is important to --------------- the right balance between love and
discipline.
(achieve - achieved - achievable )

34. Many candy advertisements are usually presented in an ------------------ manner

on TV.
( attract - attractive - attraction )

35. Markets have different types of food which are ---------------- prepared from
animal products.
( artificial - artificially )
36. Imagination is the source of .
( create - creative - creation )
 Writing
A topic sentence tells the main idea of the paragraph as well as what the
author wants to say about the topic.

A good paragraph has:

 a topic sentence stating the main point of the paragraph
 supporting sentences with details and specific examples as proof of your point
 logical, coherent thoughts that are developed in order from one sentence to
the next
 a concluding idea that wraps up the point of the paragraph

A. Read the following paragraph:

There are many reasons that I love to teach. First of all, I love to teach because I
love being at school. Another reason I love teaching is that the days go by quickly.
A third reason I love to teach is because I love seeing a student understand
something new. Finally, I love to teach because I love to be around kids. These are
just a few reasons I love to teach.

1. Underline the topic sentence.

2. How many supporting details did the author give? _.

B. Read the following paragraphs and choose the correct topic sentence.

_ It produces many cars, such as Toyotas and

Nissans, which it sells all over the world. It also produces electrical goods such as
televisions and DVDs. Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is one of the biggest and most
modern cities in the world.

_ _ One reason is that

jogging is a cheap sport. I can practice it anywhere at any time with no need for a
ball or any other equipment. Another reason why I prefer jogging is that it is friendly
to my heart. I don’t have to exhaust myself or do excessive efforts while jogging.
Finally, I prefer this sport because it is safe. It isn’t as risky as other sports like
gymnastics, racing or horseback riding. For all these reasons, I consider jogging the
best sport of all.
 _ . First, Canada has an
excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a
reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are
taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university.
Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many
parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to
live.

a. There are three reasons why I prefer jogging to other sport.

b. There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world.
c. Japan is a very important country.
d. My first day was a disaster.
e. Cooking requires a number of different skills.

Exercise: Write a paragraph about the advantages of the internet.