MARKING GUIDELINE

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE

POWER MACHINES N6
17 April 2020

This marking guideline consists of 13 pages.

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MARKING GUIDELINE -2-
POWER MACHINES N6

QUESTION 1

1.1 (L × A) = Vs

π 2
= D × 1,228D
4

1,228 π D3
= 
4

P(LA)CE
IP =
60

P(LA)NE
=
60 × 2
1,228 π D3
P� 4
� NE
=
60 × 2

1,228 π D3 PNE
= 
480

IP × 480
D3 =
1,228 π × P × N × E

3 IP × 480
D= �
1,228 π × P × N × E

3 60 × 480
=� × 103 
1,228 × π × 720 × 1 500 × 4

= 120 mm (4)

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MARKING GUIDELINE -3-
POWER MACHINES N6

1.2 Vs = V1 − V2

Vs = 14V2 − V2

π
× D2 × L = 13V2 
4
π
× 0,122 × (1,228 × 0,12) = 13V2
4

π × 0,122 × 1,228 × 0,12

V2 = × 106
4 × 13

= 128,2 cm3 

V1 = V4 = 14V2

V1 = V4 = 14 × 128,2

V1 = V4 = 1 794,8 cm3 

V3 = V2 + 0,1Vs

π
= 128,2 + 0,1 � × 0,122 × (1,228 × 0,12)� × 106 
4

= 294,86 cm3  (5)

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MARKING GUIDELINE -4-
POWER MACHINES N6

1.3 V2 nc −1
T1 = T2 � �
V1

128,2 0,4
= 973 � � 
1 794,8

= 338,58 K

V2 V3
=
T2 T3

V3 T2
T3 =
V2

294,86 × 973
= 
128,2

= 2 237,9 K

T3 − T4 = 982,354

T4 = T3 − 982,354

T4 = 2 237,9 − 982,354

= 1 255,546 K (5)

1.4 Q3−4 = W3−4 + ΔU3−4

mR(T3 − T4 )
Q3−4 = + mCv (T4 − T3 )
ne − 1

mR(T3 − T4 )
ne = 1 + 
Q3−4 − mCv (T4 − T3 )

1 × (0,288)(982,354)
= 1+ 
176,824 − [1 × 0,72(−982,354)]

= 1,32 (3)

1.5 Qrej. = mCv (T1 − T4 )

= 1 × 0,72(338,58 − 1 255,546)

= −660,216 kJ/kg (3)

[20]

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MARKING GUIDELINE -5-
POWER MACHINES N6

QUESTION 2
2.1 2.1.1 767 kJ
At 780 kPa: hg = 2 and t s = 169,4 °C
kg

At 2 000 kPa and 300 °C: hsu = 3 025 kJ/kg

Cc = �2 000 (h1 − hc )

Cc2
hc = h1 −
2 000
4952
= 3 025(2 000 kPa/300 °C) − 
2 000
= 2 902,488 kJ/kg (2)
2.1.2 hc = hg + Cp (t su − t s )

hc − hg
Tc = t su = + ts
Cp

2 902,488 − 2 767(780 kPa)

=  + 169,4(780 kPa) 
2,6

= 221,511 °C (3)

2.1.3 n − 1 hc − 1 941
Vc = � �
n Pc

0,3 2 902,488 − 1 941

= � �
1,3 780

= 0,285 m3 /kg (2)

2.1.4 m. Vc
Ac =
Cc
275
� 60 � × 0,285
= × 106 
495
= 2 638,889 mm2  (2)
2.1.5
4 × Ac
Dc = �
π

4 × 2 638,889
=� 
π

= 57,965 mm (2)

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MARKING GUIDELINE -6-
POWER MACHINES N6

2.2 2.2.1 xact × % = xi

xi
xact =
%
0,94
=
0,9894

= 0,95 (1)

2.2.2 V2 = xact × vg

= 0,95 × 0,72

= 0,684 m3 /kg (2)

2.2.3 π
A2 = × D22
4
π
= × 692 
4
= 3 739,281 mm2  (2)

2.2.4 ṁ × V2
C2 =
A2
275
� 60 � × 0,684
= 3 739,281

� 106
�

= 838,396 m/s (2)

2.2.5 C2 = �2 000 (h1 − h2 )

C22
h2 = h1 −
2 000
838,3962
= 3 025(2 000 kPa/300 °C) − 
2 000
= 2 673,546 kJ/kg (2)
[20]

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MARKING GUIDELINE -7-
POWER MACHINES N6

QUESTION 3

3.1

n−1
𝑥𝑥n p𝑥𝑥+1 𝑥𝑥n
Pcompr. = P1 V̇ e1 �� � − 1� 
n−1 P1
0,3
5 × 1,3 14,4 31 000 5×1,3
= × 96 × � � �� � − 1� 
0,3 60 96

= 152,547 kW

Pcompr.
Pmotor =
ηmech.

152,547
=
0,89

= 171,401 kW

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MARKING GUIDELINE -8-
POWER MACHINES N6

Alternative method:

Under the conditions, the power required per compressor is the same.

Consider stage 1 compressor:

Stage pressure ratio:

Pfinal
k 𝑥𝑥 =
Pinitial

5 31 × 103
k= �
96

= 3,1755 … same for all stages√

nP1 SV̇ e1 n−1

Pcomp = �(k) n − 1�
n−1
1,3 × 96 × 14,4 1,3−1
= �(3,1755) 1,3 − 1� 
(1,3 − 1)60

= 30,509 kW … per stage√

Pcomp−total = 5 × 30,509√

= 152,5445 kW√

152,545
Pmotor = √
0,89

= 171,398 kW√ (4)

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MARKING GUIDELINE -9-
POWER MACHINES N6

3.2 T2′ P𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑥𝑥n

n−1

ratio(temp.) = =� �
T1 P1
0,3
31 000 5×1,3
=� � 
96
= 1,306

T2′ = T3′ = T4′ = T5′ = T6′ = T1 × ratio(temp,)

= 298 × 1,306

= 389,188 K

Alternative method:

T2 n−1
= (k) n = TR … temperature ratio is the same for all stages
T1
n−1 1,3−1
TR = (k) n = (3,7155) 1,3 = 1,30558

T2 = 298 × 1,30558

= 389,062 K

Also, T2 = T3 = T4 = T5 = T6 = 389,062 K (4)

3.3 P1 V̇ e1 = ṁ RT1

P1 V̇ e1
ṁ =
RT1

96 × 14,4
= 
0,287 × 298

= 16,164 kg/min (2)

3.4 Qintercoolers (total) = [𝑥𝑥 − 1]�ṁ Cp Δt�

16,164
= 4� × 1,005(389,188 − 298)� 
60
= 98,756 kJ/s (3)

3.5 Qintercoolers (total)

Qleaving = Qintercooler =
[𝑥𝑥 − 1]

98,756
=
4
= 24,689 kJ/s (1)
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MARKING GUIDELINE -10-
POWER MACHINES N6

3.6 Pcompressor = Qwater jackets + 𝑥𝑥�Q/intercooler �

Qwater jackets = Pcompressor − 𝑥𝑥�Q/intercooler �

= 152,547 − 5 × 24,689

= 29,102 kJ/s

Alternative method:

Under the conditions, the heat transferred to each cooling water jacket is the
same.

Consider cylinder number 1:

R
QWJ = ṁ A(T1 − T2 ) �n−1 − Cv �

14,4 0,287
= (298 − 389,189) � − (1,005 − 0,287)� 
60 0,3

= −5,863 kJ/s

∴ QWJ = 5,863 kJ/s (radiated) … per cylinder√

QWJ−total = 5 × 5,583

∴ QWJ−total = 29,316 kJ/s (radiated)√ (3)

3.7 p
P1 V̇ e1 ln � 𝑥𝑥P+ 1 �
Wiso. 1
ηiso = = × 100
Wpoly. Pmotor
14,4 31 000
96 × � 60 � × ln � 96
�
= × 100
171,401

= 77,663% (3)
[20]

QUESTION 4

4.1 At P = 150 kPa and t = 200 °C: hsu = 2 873 kJ/kg

Qmoisture = mmoisture �hsu − Cp(water) Δt water �

= 0,58�2 873(150 kPa/200 °C)  − 4,2 × (20)�

= 1 617,62 kJ/kg fuel (4)

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MARKING GUIDELINE -11-
POWER MACHINES N6

4.2 At P = 150 kPa and t s = 150 °C: hsu = 2 773 kJ/kg

Qmoisture = mmoisture �hsu − Cp(water) Δt water �

= 0,58�2 773(150 kPa/150 °C)  − 4,2 × (20)�

= 1 559,62 kJ/kg fuel (4)

4.3 Qdry flue = (mair + mfuel − mmoisture )Cpg Δt g

Qdry flue
mair = + mmoisture − mfuel 
Cpg Δt g

3 762
= + 0,58 − 0,98
1,045(200 − 20)

= 19,6 kg/kg fuel (3)

4.4 Qdry flue = (mair + mfuel − mmoisture )Cpg Δt g 

= (19,1 + 0,98 − 0,58) × 1,045 × (150 − 20)

= 2 649 ,075 kJ/kg fuel (3)

4.5 At t fw1 = 95,2 °C: hfw1 = 399 kJ/kg

ms1 (hsu1 − hfw1 )

ηth1 =
mf × CV

ηth1 × mf × CV
hsu1 = + hfw1 
ms1

0,780 04 × 1 × 30 460
= + 399(95,2 °C) 
9
= 3 039 kJ/kg (3)

4.6 ms2 (hsu2 − hfw1 )

ηth2 = × 100
mf × CV

9,2�(3 039 + 9) − 399(95,2 °C) �

= × 100
1 × 30 460
= 80% (3)
[20]

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MARKING GUIDELINE -12-
POWER MACHINES N6

QUESTION 5

5.1 Qcond. = ṁ r (h2 − h3 )

Qcond.
h3 = h2 −
ṁ r

2 679,75
= 482,1 − 
(0,125 × 60)

= 124,8 kJ/kg

(2)

5.2 h4 = h5 + 𝑥𝑥4 (h6 − h5 )

= h5 + 𝑥𝑥4 hfg

h5 = h4 − 𝑥𝑥4 hfg

= 124,8 − 0,191 9(415,3)

= 45,4 kJ/kg (2)

5.3 h6 − h5 = hfg

h6 = h5 + hfg

= 45,4 + 415,3

= 460,7 kJ/kg (2)

5.4 h1 = h5 + 𝑥𝑥1 hfg

= 45,4 + 0,96(415,3)

= 444,088 kJ/kg (2)

5.5 RE = ṁ r (h1 − h4 )

= (0,125 × 60)(444,088 − 124,8)

= 2 394,66 kJ/min (3)

5.6 V̇ e = ṁ r × v1 

= (0,125 × 60) × 0,2233

= 1,675 m3 /min (3)

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MARKING GUIDELINE -13-
POWER MACHINES N6

5.7 V̇ e = Vs × ηvol × N
π
= × D2 × L × ηvol × N
4
π
= × D2 × 1,2D × ηvol × N
4

3 4 Vė
D= � 
1,2π × ηvol × N

3 4 × 1,675
=� × 103 
1,2π × 0,947 9 × 120

= 250 mm (3)

5.8 L = 1,2D

= 1,2 × 250

= 300 mm (1)

5.9 Qcond. = mw cw Δt w

Qcond.
Δt w =
mw cw

2 679,75
= 
32 × 4,187

= 20 °C (2)
[20]

TOTAL: 100

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