Transition Metal Basics

Edexcel Chemistry A-level - Transition Metal Basics PhysicsAndMathsTutor.
com
Questions
Q1.
Ammonium cobalt(II) sulfate is made by mixing aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate and
excess cobalt(II) sulfate.
Dry crystals of ammonium cobalt(II) sulfate, (NH4)2SO4·CoSO4·6H2O, are obtained by
the procedure shown.
Step 1 The reaction mixture is transferred to an evaporating basin, heated gently and
then left to crystallise.
Step 2 The crystals are separated by gravity filtration.
Step 3 The crystals are then rinsed with a small amount of ice-cold water.
Step 4 The rinsed crystals are placed in a warm oven for 30 minutes.
(i) The colour of the cobalt(II) sulfate solution used is pink due to the complex cobalt(II)
ion, [Co(H2O)6]2+.
Explain why the solution is coloured.
(4)
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(ii) Explain the shape of the cobalt(II) ion, [Co(H2O)6]2+ , using electron-pair repulsion
theory.
(3)
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Edexcel Chemistry A-level - Transition Metal Basics PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(iii) Give the reasons for carrying out Steps 3 and 4 of the procedure, referring particularly to
the words in bold.
(3)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q2.
Ammonium cobalt(II) sulfate is made by mixing aqueous solutions of ammonium sulfate and
excess cobalt(II) sulfate.
Dry crystals of ammonium cobalt(II) sulfate, (NH4)2SO4·CoSO4·6H2O, are obtained by
the procedure shown.
Step 1 The reaction mixture is transferred to an evaporating basin, heated gently and
then left to crystallise.
Step 2 The crystals are separated by gravity filtration.
Step 3 The crystals are then rinsed with a small amount of ice-cold water.
Step 4 The rinsed crystals are placed in a warm oven for 30 minutes.
The percentage yield of this reaction is 70.0%.
Give two possible reasons, other than an incomplete reaction, why the yield is less than
100%.
(2)
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Q3.
This question is about transition metal chemistry.
Dilute aqueous ammonia is added, drop by drop, to an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate
until the aqueous ammonia is in excess.
(i) Describe what you would see during this experiment.

(2)
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(ii) The reaction between aqueous copper(II) sulfate and excess aqueous ammonia is an
example of a ligand substitution reaction.
Write an equation for the ligand substitution reaction that occurs, showing the formulae of
the complex ions involved. State symbols are not required.
(2)

Q4.
This is a question about catalysis.
The reaction between iodide ions and peroxodisulfate ions is catalysed by iron(II) ions.
(i) Give a reason why the reaction between iodide ions and peroxodisulfate ions
has a high activation energy and is therefore very slow without a catalyst.
(1)
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(ii) Explain, with the aid of two equations, how the iron(II) ions catalyse this
reaction. State symbols are not required.
(3)
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Q5.
A student stated that 'the elements scandium and zinc are d-block elements but are not
transition metals'.
Discuss this statement, using appropriate electronic configurations to support your answer.
(4)
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Q6.
This question is about transition metals and transition metal complexes.
When chromium(III) sulfate dissolves in water, a green solution containing the [Cr(H2O)6]3+
ion forms.
(i) Give the shape of this complex ion.

(1)
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(ii) Explain why the chromium complex ion is coloured.

(3)
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Q7.
This is a question about chromium(III) and chromium(VI) compounds.
Describe the observations when aqueous sodium hydroxide is added drop by drop until in
excess to a solution of chromium(III) ions.
(2)
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Q8.
Transition metals form complex ions.
Compare and contrast the complex ions formed by cobalt(III) ions with the ligand
ethane-1,2-diamine and with the ligand EDTA4–.
Ignore any difference in colour.
(4)
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Q9.
*"Cobalt(II) ions combine with substances in solution to form complex ions with different
coordination numbers."
Discuss this statement by referring to two complex ions containing cobalt(II).
Include
• reference to any difference in colour

• a definition of any terms used
• an explanation of the different shapes

Q10.
Iron and zinc are in the d-block of the Periodic Table.
Hydrated iron(II) ions react with ethanedioate ions, , to form a complex ion.
(i) Draw a structure of the [Fe(C2O4)2(H2O)2]2– ion, showing all of the bonds.
(2)
(ii) Explain, in terms of entropy, why this reaction is feasible.

(2)
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Q11.
This question is about the chemistry of elements in the d-block of the Periodic Table.
* Many of the d-block elements are also classified as transition metals.
Explain why two of the d-block elements within Period 4 (scandium to zinc) are not classified
as transition metals.
You should include full electronic configurations where relevant.

(6)
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Q12.
Iron and zinc are in the d-block of the Periodic Table.
Iron(II) ions, [Fe(H2O)6]2+, form a pale green solution but zinc ions, [Zn(H2O)6]2+, form a
colourless solution.
Explain why zinc ions are colourless.

(2)
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Q13.
This question is about transition metals and their ions.
The complex ions of transition metals have different colours in aqueous solution.
Two factors that affect the colour of the solution are the oxidation number of the
central metal ion, and the ligands present.
Give examples to illustrate these factors by referring to complex ions

of iron and/or copper. Include the formula and colour of each complex.
An explanation of why transition metal ions are coloured is not required.

(3)
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Q14.
Transition metals form complex ions.
Complex ions have a central metal ion surrounded by ligands.
(i) Give a reason why the ammonium ion cannot act as a ligand.
(1)
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(ii) Explain why the complex ions [Co(NH3)6]2+ and [Co(H2O)6]2+ are coloured and have
different colours.
(4)
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Q15.
Some organic compounds contain metals.
Haemoglobin is an iron(II) complex. It carries oxygen around the body.

Part of the structure of haemoglobin is shown.
The four nitrogen atoms are part of a multidentate ligand in the haem group.
Explain why inhaling carbon monoxide can be fatal.

(2)
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Q16.
This question is about structure and bonding.
An aqueous solution of copper(II) chromate(VI) was electrolysed using the apparatus shown
in the diagram.
Deduce the colours of the solutions in regions E and F after the electrolysis has occurred.
(2)
Colour in region E ......................................................................
Colour in region F ......................................................................

Q17.
This question is about transition metals.
Glycinate ions are bidentate ligands and can be represented by the structure
Complete the diagram below to show the structure of the [Cu(NH2CH2COO)2] complex,
which is square planar.
(2)

Q18.
This question is about transition metals and their ions.
The shape of a complex ion formed from Cr3+ ions is shown.
(i) State the coordination number of Cr3+ in this complex ion.

(1)
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(ii) State the overall charge on this complex ion.

(1)
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Q19.
Colour is often used in chemistry to identify substances.
Compare and contrast the origin of the colour of a copper(II) complex with the origin
of the colour of the copper(II) ion in a flame test.
You do not need to state any specific colours.

(6)

Mark Scheme
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.
Q12.
Q13.
Q14.
Q15.
Q16.
Q17.
Q18.
Q19.

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Edexcel Chemistry A-level - Transition Metal Basics PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

(Total for question = 10 marks)

(Total for question = 2 marks)

This question is about transition metal chemistry.

(i) Describe what you would see during this experiment.

(Total for question = 4 marks)

This is a question about catalysis.

(Total for question = 4 marks)

(Total for question = 4 marks)

This question is about transition metals and transition metal complexes.

(i) Give the shape of this complex ion.

(ii) Explain why the chromium complex ion is coloured.

(Total for question = 4 marks)

This is a question about chromium(III) and chromium(VI) compounds.

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Transition metals form complex ions.

Ignore any difference in colour.

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Discuss this statement by referring to two complex ions containing cobalt(II).

• reference to any difference in colour

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Iron and zinc are in the d-block of the Periodic Table.

(ii) Explain, in terms of entropy, why this reaction is feasible.

(Total for question = 4 marks)

* Many of the d-block elements are also classified as transition metals.

You should include full electronic configurations where relevant.

Iron and zinc are in the d-block of the Periodic Table.

Explain why zinc ions are colourless.

(Total for question = 2 marks)

This question is about transition metals and their ions.

Give examples to illustrate these factors by referring to complex ions

An explanation of why transition metal ions are coloured is not required.

(Total for question = 3 marks)

Transition metals form complex ions.

Complex ions have a central metal ion surrounded by ligands.

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Some organic compounds contain metals.

Haemoglobin is an iron(II) complex. It carries oxygen around the body.

Explain why inhaling carbon monoxide can be fatal.

(Total for question = 2 marks)

This question is about structure and bonding.

Colour in region F ......................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)

This question is about transition metals.

(Total for question = 2 marks)

This question is about transition metals and their ions.

The shape of a complex ion formed from Cr3+ ions is shown.

(i) State the coordination number of Cr3+ in this complex ion.

(ii) State the overall charge on this complex ion.

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Colour is often used in chemistry to identify substances.

You do not need to state any specific colours.

(Total for question = 6 marks)

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