Java

Q1. Given the string "strawberries" saved in a variable called fruit, what would fruit.substring(2, 5)
return?
rawb
raw
awb
traw

Reasoning: The substring method is accepting two arguments.

The first argument being the index to start(includes that char at 2)

and the second the index of the string to end the substring(excludes the char at 5).
Strings in Java are like arrays of chars.
Therefore, the method will return "raw" as those are the chars in indexes 2,3, and 4.
You can also take the ending index and subtract the beginning index from it, to determine how many chars will be included in the
substring (5-2=3).

Q2. How can you achieve runtime polymorphism in Java?

method overloading
method overrunning
method overriding
method calling

Q3. Given the following definitions, which of these expression will NOT evaluate to true?
boolean b1 = true, b2 = false; int i1 = 1, i2 = 2;

(i1 | i2) == 3
i2 && b1
b1 || !b2
(i1 ^ i2) < 4

Q4. What is the output of this code?

1: class Main {
2: public static void main (String[] args) {
3: int array[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
4: for (int i = 0; i < array.size(); i++) {
5: System.out.print(array[i]);
6: }
7: }
8: }

It will not compile because of line 4.

It will not compile because of line 3.
123
1234

Q5. Which of the following can replace the CODE SNIPPET to make the code below print "Hello
World"?
 interface Interface1 {
static void print() {
System.out.print("Hello");
}
}

interface Interface2 {
static void print() {
System.out.print("World!");
}
}

super1.print(); super2.print();
this.print();
super.print();
Interface1.print(); Interface2.print();

Q6. What does the following code print?

String str = "abcde";

str.trim();
str.toUpperCase();
str.substring(3, 4);
System.out.println(str);

CD
CDE
D
"abcde"

Q7. What is the result of this code?

class Main {
public static void main (String[] args){
System.out.println(print(1));
}
static Exception print(int i){
if (i>0) {
return new Exception();
} else {
throw new RuntimeException();
}
}
}

It will show a stack trace with a runtime exception.

"java.lang.Exception"
It will run and throw an exception.
It will not compile.

Q8. Which class can compile given these declarations?

 interface One {
default void method() {
System.out.println("One");
}
}

interface Two {
default void method () {
System.out.println("One");
}
}

class Three implements One, Two {

public void method() {
super.One.method();
}
}

class Three implements One, Two {

public void method() {
One.method();
}
}

class Three implements One, Two {

}

class Three implements One, Two {

public void method() {
One.super.method();
}
}

Q9. What is the output of this code?

class Main {
public static void main (String[] args) {
List list = new ArrayList();
list.add("hello");
list.add(2);
System.out.print(list.get(0) instanceof Object);
System.out.print(list.get(1) instanceof Integer);
}
}

The code does not compile.

truefalse
truetrue
falsetrue
Q10. Given the following two classes, what will be the output of the Main class?

package mypackage;
public class Math {
public static int abs(int num){
return num < 0 ? -num : num;
}
}
package mypackage.elementary;
public class Math {
public static int abs (int num) {
return -num;
}
}

import mypackage.Math;
import mypackage.elementary.*;

class Main {
public static void main (String args[]){
System.out.println(Math.abs(123));
}
}

Lines 1 and 2 generate compiler errors due to class name conflicts.

"-123"
It will throw an exception on line 5.
"123"

Explanation: The answer is "123". The abs() method evaluates to the one inside mypackage.Math class, because The import
statements of the form:

import packageName.subPackage.*

is Type-Import-on-Demand Declarations, which never causes any other declaration to be shadowed.

Q11. What is the result of this code?

1: class MainClass {
2: final String message(){
3: return "Hello!";
4: }
5: }

6: class Main extends MainClass {

7: public static void main(String[] args) {
8: System.out.println(message());
9: }

10: String message(){

11: return "World!";
12: }
13: }

It will not compile because of line 10.

"Hello!"
It will not compile because of line 2.
"World!"
Explanation: Compilation error at line 10 because of final methods cannot be overridden, and here message() is a final method, and
also note that Non-static method message() cannot be referenced from a static context.

Q12. Given this code, which command will output "2"?

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(args[2]);
}
}

java Main 1 2 "3 4" 5

java Main 1 "2" "2" 5
java Main.class 1 "2" 2 5
java Main 1 "2" "3 4" 5

Q13. What is the output of this code?

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args){
int a = 123451234512345;
System.out.println(a);
}
}

"123451234512345"
Nothing - this will not compile.
a negative integer value
"12345100000"

Reasoning: The int type in Java can be used to represent any whole number from -2147483648 to 2147483647. Therefore, this code
will not compile as the number assigned to 'a' is larger than the int type can hold.

Q14. What is the output of this code?

class Main {
public static void main (String[] args) {
String message = "Hello world!";
String newMessage = message.substring(6, 12)
+ message.substring(12, 6);
System.out.println(newMessage);
}
}

The code does not compile.

A runtime exception is thrown.
"world!!world"
"world!world!"

Q15. How do you write a foreach loop that will iterate over ArrayList<Pencil>pencilCase?
for (Pencil pencil : pencilCase) {}
for (pencilCase.next()) {}
for (Pencil pencil : pencilCase.iterator()) {}
for (pencil in pencilCase) {}
Q16. What does this code print?

System.out.print("apple".compareTo("banana"));

0
positive number
negative number
compilation error

Q17. You have an ArrayList of names that you want to sort alphabetically. Which approach would
NOT work?
names.sort(Comparator.comparing(String::toString))
Collections.sort(names)
names.sort(List.DESCENDING)
names.stream().sorted((s1, s2) -> s1.compareTo(s2)).collect(Collectors.toList())

Q18. By implementing encapsulation, you cannot directly access the class's _ properties unless you
are writing code inside the class itself.
private
protected
no-modifier
public

Q19. Which is the most up-to-date way to instantiate the current date?
new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(new Date())
new Date(System.currentTimeMillis())
LocalDate.now()
Calendar.getInstance().getTime()

Explanation: LocalDate is the newest class added in java 8

Q20. Fill in the blank to create a piece of code that will tell whether int0 is divisible by 5 :
boolean isDivisibleBy5 = _____

int0 / 5 ? true: false

int0 % 5 == 0
int0 % 5 != 5
Math.isDivisible(int0, 5)

Q21. How many times will this code print "Hello World!"?

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args){
for (int i=0; i<10; i=i++){
i+=1;
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}
}

10 times
 9 times
5 times
infinite number of times

Explanation: Observe the loop increment. It's not an increment, it's an assignment(post).

Q22. The runtime system starts your program by calling which function first?
print
iterative
hello
main

Q23. What code would you use in Constructor A to call Constructor B?

public class Jedi {

/* Constructor A */
Jedi(String name, String species){}

/* Constructor B */
Jedi(String name, String species, boolean followsTheDarkSide){}
}

Jedi(name, species, false)

new Jedi(name, species, false)
this(name, species, false)
super(name, species, false)
Note: This code won't compile, possibly broken code sample.

Q24. Which statement is NOT true?

An anonymous class may specify an abstract base class as its base type.
An anonymous class does not require a zero-argument constructor.
An anonymous class may specify an interface as its base type.
An anonymous class may specify both an abstract class and interface as base types.

Q25. What will this program print out to the console when executed?

import java.util.LinkedList;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args){
LinkedList<Integer> list = new LinkedList<>();
list.add(5);
list.add(1);
list.add(10);
System.out.println(list);
}
}

[5, 1, 10]
[10, 5, 1]
[1, 5, 10]
[10, 1, 5]

Q26. What is the output of this code?

 class Main {
public static void main(String[] args){
String message = "Hello";
for (int i = 0; i<message.length(); i++){
System.out.print(message.charAt(i+1));
}
}
}

"Hello"
A runtime exception is thrown.
The code does not compile.
"ello"

Q27. Object-oriented programming is a style of programming where you organize your program
around _ rather than _ and data rather than logic.
functions; actions
objects; actions
actions; functions
actions; objects

Q28. What statement returns true if "nifty" is of type String?

"nifty".getType().equals("String")
"nifty".getType() == String
"nifty".getClass().getSimpleName() == "String"
"nifty" instanceof String

Q29. What is the output of this code?

import java.util.*;
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Boolean> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(true);
list.add(Boolean.parseBoolean("FalSe"));
list.add(Boolean.TRUE);
System.out.print(list.size());
System.out.print(list.get(1) instanceof Boolean);
}
}

A runtime exception is thrown.

3false
2true
3true

Q30. What is the result of this code?

 1: class Main {
2: Object message(){
3: return "Hello!";
4: }
5: public static void main(String[] args) {
6: System.out.print(new Main().message());
7: System.out.print(new Main2().message());
8: }
9: }
10: class Main2 extends Main {
11: String message(){
12: return "World!";
13: }
14: }

It will not compile because of line 7.

Hello!Hello!
Hello!World!
It will not compile because of line 11.

Q31. What method can be used to create a new instance of an object?

another instance
field
constructor
private method

Q32. Which is the most reliable expression for testing whether the values of two string variables are
the same?
string1 == string2
string1 = string2
string1.matches(string2)
string1.equals(string2)

Q33. Which letters will print when this code is run?

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
System.out.println("A");
badMethod();
System.out.println("B");
} catch (Exception ex) {
System.out.println("C");
} finally {
System.out.println("D");
}
}
public static void badMethod() {
throw new Error();
}

A, B, and D
A, C, and D
C and D
A and D

Explanation: Error is not inherited from Exception

Q34. What is the output of this code?

class Main {
static int count = 0;
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (count < 3) {
count++;
main(null);
} else {
return;
}
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}

It will throw a runtime exception.

It will not compile.
It will print "Hello World!" three times.
It will run forever.

Q35. What is the output of this code?

import java.util.*;
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] array = {"abc", "2", "10", "0"};
List<String> list = Arrays.asList(array);
Collections.sort(list);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));
}
}

[abc, 0, 2, 10]
The code does not compile.
[abc, 2, 10, 0]
[0, 10, 2, abc]

Explanation: The java.util.Arrays.asList(T... a) returns a fixed-size list backed by the specified array. (Changes to the returned list
"write through" to the array.)

Q36. What is the output of this code?

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String message = "Hello";
print(message);
message += "World!";
print(message);
}
static void print(String message){
System.out.print(message);
message += " ";
}
}

Hello World!
HelloHelloWorld!
Hello Hello World!
 Hello HelloWorld!

Q37. What is displayed when this code is compiled and executed?

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
int x = 5;
x = 10;
System.out.println(x);
}
}

x
null
10
5

Q38. Which approach cannot be used to iterate over a List named theList?
A

for (int i = 0; i < theList.size(); i++) {

System.out.println(theList.get(i));
}

for (Object object : theList) {

System.out.println(object);
}

Iterator it = theList.iterator();
for (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
}

theList.forEach(System.out::println);

Explanation: for (it.hasNext()) should be while (it.hasNext()) .

Q39. What method signature will work with this code?

boolean healthyOrNot = isHealthy("avocado");

public void isHealthy(String avocado)

boolean isHealthy(String string)
public isHealthy("avocado")
private String isHealthy(String food)

Q40. Which are valid keywords in a Java module descriptor (module-info.java)?

provides, employs
 imports, exports
consumes, supplies
requires, exports

Q41. Which type of variable keeps a constant value once it is assigned?

non-static
static
final
private

Q42. How does the keyword volatile affect how a variable is handled?
It will be read by only one thread at a time.
It will be stored on the hard drive.
It will never be cached by the CPU.
It will be preferentially garbage collected.

Q43. What is the result of this code?

char smooch = 'x';

System.out.println((int) smooch);

an alphanumeric character
a negative number
a positive number
a ClassCastException

Q44. You get a NullPointerException. What is the most likely cause?

A file that needs to be opened cannot be found.
A network connection has been lost in the middle of communications.
Your code has used up all available memory.
The object you are using has not been instantiated.

Q45. How would you fix this code so that it compiles?

public class Nosey {

int age;
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Your age is: " + age);
}
}

Make age static.

Make age global.
Make age public.
Initialize age to a number.

Q46. Add a Duck called "Waddles" to the ArrayList ducks.

 public class Duck {
private String name;
Duck(String name) {}
}

Duck waddles = new Duck();

ducks.add(waddles);
Duck duck = new Duck("Waddles");
ducks.add(waddles);
ducks.add(new Duck("Waddles"));
ducks.add(new Waddles());

Q47. If you encounter UnsupportedClassVersionError it means the code was ___ on a newer version of
Java than the JRE ___ it.
executed; interpreting
executed; compiling
compiled; executing
compiled, translating

Q48. Given this class, how would you make the code compile?

public class TheClass {

private final int x;
}

public TheClass() {
x += 77;
}

public TheClass() {
x = null;
}

public TheClass() {
x = 77;
}

private void setX(int x) {

this.x = x;
}
public TheClass() {
setX(77);
}

Explanation: final class members are allowed to be assigned only in three places: declaration, constructor or an instance-initializer
block.
Q49. How many times f will be printed?

public class Solution {

public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 44; i > 40; i--) {
System.out.println("f");
}
}
}

4
3
5
A Runtime exception will be thrown

Q50. Which statements about abstract classes are true?

1. They can be instantiated.

2. They allow member variables and methods to be inherited by subclasses.
3. They can contain constructors.

1, 2, and 3
only 3
2 and 3
only 2

Q51. Which keyword lets you call the constructor of a parent class?
parent
super
this
new

Q52. What is the result of this code?

1: int a = 1;
2: int b = 0;
3: int c = a/b;
4: System.out.println(c);

It will throw an ArithmeticException.

It will run and output 0.
It will not compile because of line 3.
It will run and output infinity.

Q53. Normally, to access a static member of a class such as Math.PI, you would need to specify the
class "Math". What would be the best way to allow you to use simply "PI" in your code?
Add a static import.
Declare local copies of the constant in your code.
This cannot be done. You must always qualify references to static members with the class form which they came from.
Put the static members in an interface and inherit from that interface.

Q54. Which keyword lets you use an interface?

 extends
implements
inherits
import

Q55. Why are ArrayLists better than arrays?

You don't have to decide the size of an ArrayList when you first make it.
You can put more items into an ArrayList than into an array.
ArrayLists can hold more kinds of objects than arrays.
You don't have to decide the type of an ArrayList when you first make it.

Q56. Declare a variable that holds the first four digits of Π

int pi = 3.141;
decimal pi = 3.141;
double pi = 3.141;
float pi = 3.141;

Reasoning:

public class TestReal {

public static void main (String[] argv)
{
double pi = 3.14159265; //accuracy up to 15 digits
float pi2 = 3.141F; //accuracy up to 6-7 digits

System.out.println ("Pi=" + pi);

System.out.println ("Pi2=" + pi2);
}
}

The default Java type which Java will be using for a float variable will be double.
So, even if you declare any variable as float, what the compiler has to actually do is to assign a double value to a float variable,
which is not possible. So, to tell the compiler to treat this value as a float, that 'F' is used.

Q57. Use the magic power to cast a spell

public class MagicPower {

void castSpell(String spell) {}
}

new MagicPower().castSpell("expecto patronum")

MagicPower magicPower = new MagicPower();
magicPower.castSpell();
MagicPower.castSpell("expelliarmus");
new MagicPower.castSpell();

Q58. What language construct serves as a blueprint containing an object's properties and
functionality?
constructor
instance
class
method
Q59. What does this code print?

public static void main(String[] args) {

int x=5,y=10;
swapsies(x,y);
System.out.println(x+" "+y);
}

static void swapsies(int a, int b) {

int temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;
}

10 10
5 10
10 5
55

Q60. What is the result of this code?

try {
System.out.println("Hello World");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("e");
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("e");
} finally {
System.out.println("!");
}

Hello World
It will not compile because the second catch statement is unreachable
Hello World!
It will throw runtime exception

Q61. Which is not a java keyword

finally
native
interface
unsigned

Explanation: native is a part of JNI interface

Q62. Which operator would you use to find the remainder after division?
%
//
/
DIV

Reference

Q63. Which choice is a disadvantage of inheritance?

Overridden methods of the parent class cannot be reused.
 Responsibilities are not evenly distributed between parent and child classes.
Classes related by inheritance are tightly coupled to each other.
The internal state of the parent class is accessible to its children.

Reference

Q64. How would you declare and initialize an array of 10 ints?

Array<Integer> numbers = new Array<Integer>(10);
Array[int] numbers = new Array[int](10);
int[] numbers = new int[10];
int numbers[] = int[10];

Q65. Refactor this event handler to a lambda expression:

groucyButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("Press me one more time..");
}
});

groucyButton.addActionListener(ActionListener listener -> System.out.println("Press me one more time..."));

groucyButton.addActionListener((event) -> System.out.println("Press me one more time..."));
groucyButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener(ActionEvent e) {() -> System.out.println("Press me one more time...");});
groucyButton.addActionListener(() -> System.out.println("Press me one more time..."));

Reference

Q66. Which functional interfaces does Java provide to serve as data types for lambda expressions?
Observer, Observable
Collector, Builder
Filter, Map, Reduce
Consumer, Predicate, Supplier

Reference

Q67. What is a valid use of the hashCode() method?

encrypting user passwords
deciding if two instances of a class are equal
enabling HashMap to find matches faster
moving objects from a List to a HashMap

Reference

Q68. What kind of relationship does "extends" denote?

uses-a
is-a
has-a
was-a

Reference
Q69. How do you force an object to be garbage collected?
Set object to null and call Runtime.gc()
Set object to null and call System.gc()
Set object to null and call Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalization()
There is no way to force an object to be garbage collected

Reference

Q70. Java programmers commonly use design patterns. Some examples are the _, which helps
create instances of a class, the _, which ensures that only one instance of a class can be created;
and the _, which allows for a group of algorithms to be interchangeable.
static factory method; singleton; strategy pattern
strategy pattern; static factory method; singleton
creation pattern; singleton; prototype pattern
singleton; strategy pattern; static factory method

Q71. Using Java's Reflection API, you can use _ to get the name of a class and _ to retrieve an array
of its methods.
this.getClass().getSimpleName(); this.getClass().getDeclaredMethods()
this.getName(); this.getMethods()
Reflection.getName(this); Reflection.getMethods(this)
Reflection.getClass(this).getName(); Reflection.getClass(this).getMethods()

Q72. Which is not a valid lambda expression?

a -> false;
(a) -> false;
String a -> false;
(String a) -> false;

Q73. Which access modifier makes variables and methods visible only in the class where they are
declared?
public
protected
nonmodifier
private

Q74. What type of variable can be assigned to only once?

private
non-static
final
static

Q75. How would you convert a String to an Int?

"21".intValue()
String.toInt("21")
Integer.parseInt("21")
String.valueOf("21")
Q76. What method should be added to the Duck class to print the name Moby?

public class Duck {

private String name;

Duck(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println(new Duck("Moby"));
}
}

public String toString() { return name; }

public void println() { System.out.println(name); }
String toString() { return this.name; }
public void toString() { System.out.println(this.name); }

Q77. Which operator is used to concatenate Strings in Java

+
&
.
-

Reference

Q78. How many times does this loop print "exterminate"?

for (int i = 44; i > 40; i--) {

System.out.println("exterminate");
}

two
four
three
five

Q79. What is the value of myCharacter after line 3 is run?

1: public class Main {

2: public static void main (String[] args) {
3: char myCharacter = "piper".charAt(3);
4: }
5: }

p
r
e
i

Q80. When should you use a static method?

when your method is related to the object's characteristics
when you want your method to be available independently of class instances
 when your method uses an object's instance variable
when your method is dependent on the specific instance that calls it

Q81. What phrase indicates that a function receives a copy of each argument passed to it rather than
a reference to the objects themselves?
pass by reference
pass by occurrence
pass by value
API call

Q82. In Java, what is the scope of a method's argument or parameter?

inside the method
both inside and outside the method
neither inside nor outside the method
outside the method

Q83. What is the output of this code?

public class Main {

public static void main (String[] args) {
int[] sampleNumbers = {8, 5, 3, 1};
System.out.println(sampleNumbers[2]);
}
}

5
8
1
3

Q84. Which change will make this code compile successfully?

1: public class Main {

2: String MESSAGE ="Hello!";
3: static void print(){
4: System.out.println(message);
5: }
6: void print2(){}
7: }

Change line 2 to public static final String message

Change line 6 to public void print2(){}
Remove the body of the print2 method and add a semicolon.
Remove the body of the print method.

Explanation: Changing line 2 to public static final String message raises the error
message not initialized in the default constructor

Q85. What is the output of this code?

 import java.util.*;
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] array = new String[]{"A", "B", "C"};
List<String> list1 = Arrays.asList(array);
List<String> list2 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(array));
List<String> list3 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("A", new String("B"), "C"));
System.out.print(list1.equals(list2));
System.out.print(list1.equals(list3));
}
}

falsefalse
truetrue
falsetrue
truefalse

Q86. Which code snippet is valid?

ArrayList<String> words = new ArrayList<String>(){"Hello", "World"};
ArrayList words = Arrays.asList("Hello", "World");
ArrayList<String> words = {"Hello", "World"};
ArrayList<String> words = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("Hello", "World"));

Q87. What is the output of this code?

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("hello");
sb.deleteCharAt(0).insert(0, "H")." World!";
System.out.println(sb);
}
}

A runtime exception is thrown.

"HelloWorld!"
"hello"
????

Q88. How would you use the TaxCalculator to determine the amount of tax on $50?

class TaxCalculator {
static calculate(total) {
return total * .05;
}
}

TaxCalculator.calculate(50);
new TaxCalculator.calculate(50);
calculate(50);
new TaxCalculator.calculate($50);

Note: This code won't compile, broken code sample

1. Reference
2. Code sample
Q89. Which characteristic does not apply to instances of java.util.HashSet=
uses hashcode of objects when inserted
contains unordred elements
contains unique elements
contains sorted elements

Explanation: HashSet makes no guarantees as to the iteration order of the set; in particular, it does not guarantee that the order will
remain constant over time.

Reference

Q90. What is the output?

import java.util.*;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args)
{
PriorityQueue<Integer> queue = new PriorityQueue<>();
queue.add(4);
queue.add(3);
queue.add(2);
queue.add(1);

while (queue.isEmpty() == false) {

System.out.printf("%d", queue.remove());
}
}
}

1324
4231
1234
4321

Q91. What will this code print, assuming it is inside the main method of a class?
System.out.println("hello my friends".split(" ")[0]);

my
hellomyfriends
hello
friends

Q92. You have an instance of type Map<String, Integer> named instruments containing the following
key-value pairs: guitar=1200, cello=3000, and drum=2000. If you add the new key-value pair
cello=4500 to the Map using the put method, how many elements do you have in the Map when you
call instruments.size()?
2
When calling the put method, Java will throw an exception
4
3

Q93. Which class acts as root class for Java Exception hierarchy?
 Clonable
Throwable
Object
Serializable

Q94. Which class does not implement the java.util.Collection interface?

java.util.Vector
java.util.ArrayList
java.util.HashSet
java.util.HashMap

Explanation: HashMap class implements Map interface.

Q95. You have a variable of named employees of type List<Employee> containing multiple entries. The
Employee type has a method getName() that returns the employee name. Which statement properly
extracts a list of employee names?
employees.collect(employee -> employee.getName());
employees.filter(Employee::getName).collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableList());
employees.stream().map(Employee::getName).collect(Collectors.toList());
employees.stream().collect((e) -> e.getName());

Q96. This code does not compile. What needs to be changed so that it does?

public enum Direction {

EAST("E"),
WEST("W"),
NORTH("N"),
SOUTH("S");

private final String shortCode;

public String getShortCode() {

return shortCode;
}
}

Add a constructor that accepts a String parameter and assigns it to the field shortCode .
Remove the final keyword for the field shortCode .
All enums need to be defined on a single line of code.
Add a setter method for the field shortCode .

Q97. Which language feature ensures that objects implementing the AutoCloseable interface are
closed when it completes?
try-catch-finally
try-finally-close
try-with-resources
try-catch-close

Q98. What code should go in line 3?

 class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

array[0] = new int[]{1, 2, 3};

array[1] = new int[]{4, 5, 6};
array[2] = new int[]{7, 8, 9};
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
System.out.print(array[i][1]); //prints 258
}
}

int[][] array = new int[][];

int[][] array = new int[3][3];
int[][] array = new int[2][2];
int[][] array = [][];

Q99. Is this an example of method overloading or overriding?

class Car {
public void accelerate() {}
}
class Lambo extends Car {
public void accelerate(int speedLimit) {}
public void accelerate() {}
}

neither
both
overloading
overriding

Q100. Which choice is the best data type for working with money in Java?
float
String
double
BigDecimal

Reference

Q101. Which statement about constructors is not ture?

A class can have multiple constructors with a different parameter list.
You can call another constructor with this or super .
A constructor does not define a return value.
Every class must explicitly define a constructor without parameters.

Q102. What language feature allows types to be parameters on classes, interfaces, and methods in
order to reuse the same code for different data types?
Regular Expressions
Reflection
Generics
Concurrency

Q103. What will be printed?

 public class Berries{

String berry = "blue";

public static void main(String[] args) {

new Berries().juicy("straw");
}
void juicy(String berry){
this.berry = "rasp";
System.out.println(berry + "berry");
}
}

raspberry
strawberry
blueberry
rasp

Q104. What is the value of forestCount after this code executes?

Map<String, Integer> forestSpecies = new HashMap<>();

forestSpecies.put("Amazon", 30000);
forestSpecies.put("Congo", 10000);
forestSpecies.put("Daintree", 15000);
forestSpecies.put("Amazon", 40000);

int forestCount = forestSpecies.size();

3
4
2
When calling the put method, Java will throw an exception

Q105. What is a problem with this code?

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c"));
for(String value :list) {
if(value.equals("a")) {
list.remove(value);
}
}
System.out.println(list); // outputs [b,c]
}
}

String should be compared using == method instead of equals.

Modifying a collection while iterating through it can throw a ConcurrentModificationException.
The List interface does not allow an argument of type String to be passed to the remove method.
ArrayList does not implement the List interface.
Q106. How do you convert this method into a lambda expression?

public int square(int x) {

return x * x;
}

Function<Integer, Integer> squareLambda = (int x) -> { x * x };

Function<Integer, Integer> squareLambda = () -> { return x * x };
Function<Integer, Integer> squareLambda = x -> x * x;
Function<Integer, Integer> squareLambda = x -> return x * x;

Q107. Which choice is a valid implementation of this interface?

interface MyInterface {
int foo(int x);
}

public class MyClass implements MyInterface {

// ....
public void foo(int x){
System.out.println(x);
}
}

public class MyClass implements MyInterface {

// ....
public double foo(int x){
return x * 100;
}
}

public class MyClass implements MyInterface {

// ....
public int foo(int x){
return x * 100;
}
}

public class MyClass implements MyInterface {

// ....
public int foo(){
return 100;
}
}

Q108. What is the result of this program?

 interface Foo {
int x = 10;
}

public class Main{

public static void main(String[] args) {

Foo.x = 20;
System.out.println(Foo.x);
}
}

10
20
null
An error will occur when compiling.

Q109. Which statement must be inserted on line 1 to print the value true?

1:
2: Optional<String> opt = Optional.of(val);
3: System.out.println(opt.isPresent());

Integer val = 15;

String val = "Sam";
String val = null;
Optional<String> val = Optional.empty();

Q110. What will this code print, assuming it is inside the main method of a class?

System.out.println(true && false || true);

System.out.println(false || false && true);

false
true
true
true
true
false
false
false

Q111. What will this code print?

List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<>();

list1.add("One");
list1.add("Two");
list1.add("Three");

List<String> list2 = new ArrayList<>();

list2.add("Two");

list1.remove(list2);
System.out.println(list1);

[Two]
 [One, Two, Three]
[One, Three]
Two

Q112. Which code checks whether the characters in two Strings,named time and money , are the
same?
if(time <> money){}
if(time.equals(money)){}
if(time == money){}
if(time = money){}

Q113. An _ is a serious issue thrown by the JVM that the JVM is unlikely to recover from. An _ is an
unexpected event that an application may be able to deal with in order to continue execution.
exception,assertion
AbnormalException, AccidentalException
error, exception
exception, error

Q114. Which keyword would not be allowed here?

class Unicorn {
_____ Unicorn(){}
}

static
protected
public
void

Q115. Which OOP concept is this code an example of?

List[] myLists = {
new ArrayList<>(),
new LinkedList<>(),
new Stack<>(),
new Vector<>(),
};

for (List list : myLists){

list.clear();
}

composition
generics
polymorphism
encapsulation

Explanation: switch between different implementations of the List interface

Q116. What does this code print?

 String a = "bikini";
String b = new String("bikini");
String c = new String("bikini");

System.out.println(a == b);
System.out.println(b == c);

true; false
false; false
false; true
true; true

Explanation: == operator compares the object reference. String a = "bikini"; String b = "bikini"; would result in True. Here new
creates a new object, so false. Use equals() method to compare the content.

Q117. What keyword is added to a method declaration to ensure that two threads do not
simultaneously execute it on the same object instance?
native
volatile
synchronized
lock

Java Documentation: Synchronized methods

Q118. Which is a valid type for this lambda function?

_____ oddOrEven = x -> {

return x % 2 == 0 ? "even" : "odd";
};

Function<Integer, Boolean>
Function<String>
Function<Integer, String>
Function<Integer>

Explaination, Reference

Q119. What is displayed when this code is compiled and executed?

import java.util.HashMap;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<String, Integer> pantry = new HashMap<>();

pantry.put("Apples", 3);
pantry.put("Oranges", 2);

int currentApples = pantry.get("Apples");

pantry.put("Apples", currentApples + 4);

System.out.println(pantry.get("Apples"));
}
}

6
 3
4
7

Explanation

Q120. What variable type should be declared for capitalize?

List<String> songTitles = Arrays.asList("humble", "element", "dna");

_______ capitalize = (str) -> str.toUpperCase();
songTitles.stream().map(capitalize).forEach(System.out::println);

Function<String, String>
Stream<String>
String<String, String>
Map<String, String>

Explanation, Reference

Q121. Which is the correct return type for the processFunction method?

_____ processFunction(Integer number, Function<Integer, String> lambda) {

return lambda.apply(number);
}

Integer
String
Consumer
Function<Integer, String>

Explanation

Q122. What function could you use to replace slashes for dashes in a list of dates?

List<String> dates = new ArrayList<String>();

// missing code
dates.replaceAll(replaceSlashes);

UnaryOperator<String> replaceSlashes = date -> date.replace("/", "-");

Function<String, String> replaceSlashes = dates -> dates.replace("-", "/");
Map<String, String> replaceSlashes = dates.replace("/", "-");
Consumer<Date> replaceSlashes = date -> date.replace("/", "-");

Explanation: replaceAll method for any List only accepts UnaryOperator to pass every single element into it then put the result into
the List again.

Q123. From which class do all other classes implicitly extend?

Object
Main
Java
Class

Explanation
Q124. How do you create and run a Thread for this class?

import java.util.date;

public class CurrentDateRunnable implements Runnable {

@Override
public void run () {
while (true) {
System.out.println("Current date: " + new Date());

try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
}

Thread thread = new Thread(new CurrentDateRunnable()); thread.start();

new Thread(new CurrentDateRunnable()).join();
new CurrentDateRunnable().run();
new CurrentDateRunnable().start();

Reference

Q125. Which expression is a functional equivalent?

List<Integer> numbers = List.of(1,2,3,4);

int total = 0;

for (Integer x : numbers) {

if (x % 2 == 0)
total += x * x;
}

int total = numbers.stream()

.transform(x -> x * x)
.filter(x -> x % 2 == 0)
.sum ();

int total = numbers.stream()

.filter(x -> x % 2 == 0)
.collect(Collectors.toInt());

int total = numbers.stream()

.mapToInt (x -> {if (x % 2 == 0) return x * x;})
.sum();

D
 int total = numbers.stream()
.filter(x -> x % 2 == 0)
.mapToInt(x -> x * x)
.sum();

Explanation: The given code in the question will give you the output 20 as total

numbers // Input `List<Integer>` > [1, 2, 3, 4] <br>

.stream() // Converts input into `Stream<Integer>` <br>
.filter(x -> x % 2 == 0) // Filter even numbers and return `Stream<Integer>` > [2, 4] <br>
.mapToInt(x -> x * x) // Square the number, converts `Integer` to an `int`, and returns `IntStream` > [4, 16] <br>
.sum() // Returns the sum as `int` > 20

Q126. Which is not one of the standard input/output streams provided by java.lang.System?
print
out
err
in

Q127. The compiler is complaining about this assignment of the variable pickle to the variable jar.
How woulld you fix this?

double pickle = 2;
int jar = pickle;

Use the method toInt() to convert pickle before assigning it to jar.

Cast pickle to an int before assigning it to jar.
Make pickle into a double by adding + ".0"
Use the new keyword to create a new Integer from pickle before assigning it to jar.

Q128. What value should x have to make this loop execute 10 times?

for(int i=0; i<30; i+=x) {}

10
3
1
0

Q129. The _ runs compiled Java code, while the _ compiles Java files.
IDE; JRE
JDK; IDE
JRE; JDK
JDK; JRE

Reference

Q130. Which packages are part of Java Standard Edition

java.net
java.util
java.lang
 All above

Reference

Q131. What values for x and y will cause this code to print "btc"?

String buy = "bitcoin";

System.out.println(buy.substring(x, x+1) + buy.substring(y, y+2))

int x = 0; int y = 2;
int x = 1; int y = 3;
int x = 0; int y = 3;
int x = 1; int y = 3;

Q132. Which keyword would you add to make this method the entry point of the program?
exception
args
static
String

Reference

Q133. You have a list of Bunny objects that you want to sort by weight using Collections.sort. What
modification would you make to the Bunny class?
Implement the comparable interface by overriding the compareTo method.
Add the keyword default to the weight variable.
Override the equals method inside the Bunny class.
Implement Sortable and override the sortBy method.

Reference

Q134. Identify the incorrect Java feature.

Object oriented
Use of pointers
Dynamic
Architectural neural

Reference

Q135. What is the output of this code?

int yearsMarried = 2;
switch (yearsMarried) {
case 1:
System.out.println("paper");
case 2:
System.out.println("cotton");
case 3:
System.out.println("leather");
default:
System.out.println("I don't gotta buy gifts for nobody!");
}
 cotton
cotton
leather
cotton
leather
I don't gotta buy gifts for nobody!
cotton
I don't gotta buy gifts for nobody!

Q136. What language feature do these expressions demonstrate?

Doggie::fetch

condensed invocation
static references
method references
bad code

Q137. What is the difference between the wait() and sleep methods?
Only Threads can wait, but any Object can be put to sleep.
A wait can be woken up by another Thread calling notify whereas a sleep cannot.
When things go wrong, sleep throws an IllegalMonitorStateException whereas wait throws an InterruptedException.
Sleep allows for multi-threading whereas wait does not.

Q138. Which is the right way to declare an enumeration of cats?

enum Cats (SPHYNX, SIAMESE, BENGAL);
enum Cats ("sphynx", "siamese", "bengal");
enum Cats {SPHYNX, SIAMESE, BENGAL}
enum Cats {"sphynx","siamese","bengal}

Q139. What happens when this code is run?

List<String> horses = new ArrayList<String>();

horses.add (" Sea Biscuit ");
System.out.println(horses.get(1).trim());

"Sea Biscuit" will be printed.

" Sea Biscuit " will be printed.
An IndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown.
A NullPointerException will be thrown.

Q140. Which data structure would you choose to associate the amount of rainfall with each month?
Vector
LinkedList
Map
Queue

Explanation (from @yktsang01 in #3915 thread)

 Map because map is a key/value pair without creating new classes/objects. So can store the rainfall per month like
Map<java.time.Month, Double>
The other options will most likely need some new class to be meaningful

public class Rainfall {

private java.time.Month month;
private double rainfall;
}
Vector<Rainfall>
LinkedList<Rainfall>
Queue<Rainfall>

Q141. Among the following which contains date information.

java.sql timestamp
java.io time
java.io.timestamp
java.sql.time

Q142. What is the size of float and double in java?

32 and 64
32 and 32
64 and 64
64 and 32

Q143. When you pass an object reference as an argument to a method call what gets passed?
a reference to a copy
a copy of the reference
the object itself
the original reference

Q144. Which choice demonstrates a valid way to create a reference to a static function of another
class?
Function<Integer, Integer> funcReference = MyClass::myFunction;
Function<Integer, Integer> funcReference = MyClass.myFunction;
Function<Integer, Integer> funcReference = MyClass().myFunction();
Function<Integer, Integer> funcReference = MyClass::myFunction();

Q145. What is UNICODE?

Unicode is used for external representation of words and strings
Unicode is used for internal representation of characters and strings
Unicode is used for external representation of characters and strings
Unicode is used for internal representation of words and strings

Q146. What kind of thread is the Garbage collector thread?

User thread
Daemon thread
Both
None of these
Q147. What is HashMap and Map?
HashMap is Interface and map is class that implements that
HashMap is class and map is interface that implements that
Map is class and Hashmap is interface that implements that
Map is Interface and Hashmap is class that implements that

Q148. What invokes a thread's run() method?

JVM invokes the thread's run() method when the thread is initially executed.
Main application running the thread.
start() method of the thread class.
None of the above.

Explanation: After a thread is started, via its start() method of the Thread class, the JVM invokes the thread's run() method when the
thread is initially executed.

Q149. What is true about a final class?

class declared final is a final class.
Final classes are created so the methods implemented by that class cannot be overriddden.
It can't be inherited.
All of the above.

[Explanation](Final classes are created so the methods implemented by that class cannot be overridden. It can't be inherited. These
classes are declared final.)

Q150. Which method can be used to find the highest value of x and y?
Math.largest(x,y)
Math.maxNum(x,y)
Math.max(x,y)
Math.maximum(x,y)

Q151. What do these statments evaluate to?

1. false 2. true
1. false 2. false
1. true 2. true
1. true 2. false

Q151. void accept(T t) is method of -?

Consumer
Producer
Both
None

Q152. Which of these does Stream filter() operates on?

Predicate
Interface
Class
Methods
Q153. Which of these does Stream map() operates on?
Class
Interface
Predicate
Function

Q154. What code is needed at line 8?

1: class Main {

2: public static void main(String[] args) {

3: Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();

4: map.put("a", 1);
5: map.put("b", 2);
6: map.put("c", 3);

7: int result = 0;

8:
9: result += entry.getValue();
10: }

11: System.out.println(result); // outputs 6

12: }
13: }

for(MapEntry<String, Integer> entry: map.entrySet()) {

for(String entry: map) {
for(Integer entry: map.values()) {
for(Entry<String, Integer> entry: map.entrySet()) {

Q155. What will print when Lambo is instantiated?

class Car {
String color = "blue";
}

class Lambo extends Car {

String color = "white";

public Lambo() {
System.out.println(super.color);
System.out.println(this.color);
System.out.println(color);
}
}

blue
white
white
blue
white
blue
white
white
white
 white
white
blue

Q156. Which command will run a FrogSounds app that someone emailed to you as
a jar?
jar FrogSounds.java
javac FrogSounds.exe
jar cf FrogSounds.jar
java -jar FrogSounds.jar

Q157. What is the default value of short variable?

0
0.0
null
undefined

Q158. What will be the output of the following Java program?

class variable_scope {
public static void main(String args[])
{
int x;
x = 5;
{
int y = 6;
System.out.print(x + " " + y);
}
System.out.println(x + " " + y);
}
}

Compilation Error
Runtime Error
5656
565

Q159. Subclasses of an abstract class are created using the keyword _____.
extends
abstracts
interfaces
implements

Reference See An Abstract Class Example

Q160. Which keyword would not be allowed here?

class Unicorn {
_____ Unicorn(){}
}

public
 static
protected
void

Explaination : A constructor cannot have a return type (not even a void return type).

Q161. What language feature do these expressions demonstrate?

System.out::println
Doggie::fetch

method references
bad code
condensed invocation
static references

Reference

Q162. What will be the output of the following program?

import java.util.Formatter;
public class Course {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Formatter data = new Formatter();
data.format("course %s", "java ");
System.out.println(data);
data.format("tutorial %s", "Merit campus");
System.out.println(data);
}
}

course java
tutorial Merit campus
course java
course java tutorial Merit campus
Compilation Error
Runtime Error