Chem 5 Equilibrium

Physical World, Units and Measurements P-1
Equilibrium
Numerical
Q.1. 20 mL of 0.1 M NaOH is added to 50 mL of 0.1 M acetic acid

solution. The pH of the resulting solution is
___________ ×10−2 (Nearest integer)
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Q.2.
(Nearest integer)
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Q.3. An analyst wants to convert 1 L HCl of pH=1 to a solution

of HCl of pH2. The volume of water needed to do this dilution is
_______ mL. (Nearest integer)
Q.4. 4.5 moles each of hydrogen and iodine is heated in a sealed
ten litre vessel. At equilibrium, 3 moles of HI were found. The
equilibrium constant for
Q.5. A mixture of 1 mole of H2O and 1 mole of CO is taken in a 10
litre container and heated to 725 K. At equilibrium 40% of water
by mass reacts with carbon monoxide according to the equation :
The equilibrium constant Kc×102 for the reaction is ____________.

(Nearest integer)
Q.6.
For the given reaction, if the initial pressure is 450 mm Hg and
the pressure at time t is 720 mm Hg at a constant
temperature T and constant volume V. The fraction
of A(g) decomposed under these conditions is x×10−1. The value
of x is ___________ (nearest integer)
Q.7. The number of correct statement/s involving equilibria in

physical processes from the following is ________
(A) Equilibrium is possible only in a closed system at a given
temperature.
(B) Both the opposing processes occur at the same rate.
(C) When equilibrium is attained at a given temperature, the

value of all its parameters became equal.
(D) For dissolution of solids in liquids, the solubility is constant at

a given temperature.

Q.8. The solubility product of at 298 K. The
solubility of BaSO4 in 0.1 M K2SO4(aq) solution is
___________ ×10−9 g L−1 (nearest integer).
Q.9. The titration curve of weak acid vs. strong base with
phenolphthalein as indictor) is shown
The number of following statement/s which is/are correct about

phenolphthalein is ___________
A. It can be used as an indicator for the titration of weak acid with

weak base.
B. It begins to change colour at pH=8.4
C. It is a weak organic base
D. It is colourless in acidic medium

Q.10. The equilibrium composition for the reaction
Q.11. The value of log⁡K for the reaction A⇌B at 298 K is

___________. (Nearest integer)
Q.12. (i) X(g)⇌Y(g)+Z(g)Kp1=3
(ii) A(g)⇌2 B(g)Kp2=1
If the degree of dissociation and initial concentration of both the

reactants X(g) and A(g) are equal, then the ratio of the total
pressure at equilibrium (p1/p2) is equal to x:1. The value of x is
_____________ (Nearest integer)
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Q.13. At 298 K, the solubility of silver chloride in water

is 1.434×10−3 g L−1. The value of for silver chloride is
_________.
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Q.14. For reaction : SO2( g)+12O2( g)⇌SO3( g)
Kp=2×1012 at 27∘C and 1 atm pressure. The Kc for the same

reaction is ____________ ×1013. (Nearest integer)
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Q.15. Consider the following equation:
The number of factors which will increase the yield of SO3 at

equilibrium from the following is _______.
A. Increasing temperature
B. Increasing pressure
C. Adding more SO2
D. Adding more O2
E. Addition of catalyst
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Q.16. 600 mL of 0.01 M HCl is mixed

with 400 mL of 0.01 M H2SO4. The pH of the mixture is
___________ ×10−2. (Nearest integer)
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Q.17. At 298 K
Based on above equilibria, then equilibrium constant of the

reaction,
Q.18. Millimoles of calcium hydroxide required to produce 100 mL

of the aqueous solution of pH 12 is X×10−1. The value of X is
___________ (Nearest integer).
Assume complete dissociation.
Q.19. Solid Lead nitrate is dissolved in 1 litre of water. The

solution was found to boil at 100.15∘C. When 0.2 mol of NaCl is
added to the resulting solution, it was observed that the solution
froze at −0.8∘ C. The solubility product of PbCl2 formed is
__________ × 10−6 at 298 K. (Nearest integer)
Given : Kb=0.5 K kg mol−1 and Kf=1.8 K kg mol−1. Assume

molality to the equal to molarity in all cases.
Q.20. Water decomposes at 2300 K
The percent of water decomposing at 2300 K and 1 bar is

___________ (Nearest integer).
Equilibrium constant for the reaction is 2×10−3 at 2300 K.
Q.21. Consider the following reaction approaching equilibrium at

27∘C and 1 atm pressure
The standard Gibb's energy change

___________ kJ mol−1 (Nearest integer).
Q.22. A litre of buffer solution contains 0.1 mole of each of

NH3 and NH4Cl. On the addition of 0.02 mole of HCl by dissolving
gaseous HCl, the pH of the solution is found to be
_____________ × 10−3 (Nearest integer)
Q.23. If the pKa of lactic acid is 5, then the pH of 0.005 M calcium

lactate solution at 25∘C is ___________ × 10−1 (Nearest integer)
Q.24. The dissociation constant of acetic acid is x×10−5. When 25

mL of 0.2 M CH3COONa solution is mixed with 25 mL of
solution, the pH of the resultant solution is
found to be equal to 5. The value of x is ____________
Answer Key & Explanation
1. Ans. Correct answer is 458

Explanation
First, we need to find the moles of NaOH and acetic acid
(CH₃COOH) in the solution:
Moles of NaOH = Volume × Molarity = 20 mL × 0.1 M = 2 mmol
Moles of acetic acid = Volume × Molarity = 50 mL × 0.1 M = 5

mmol
Since NaOH is a strong base, it will react with acetic acid to form
acetate ions (CH₃COO⁻) and water:
CH₃COOH + OH⁻ → CH₃COO⁻ + H₂O
2 mmol of NaOH will react with 2 mmol of acetic acid, resulting in

2 mmol of acetate ions and leaving 3 mmol of acetic acid
unreacted.
Next, we need to find the concentrations of acetic acid and acetate

ions in the resulting 70 mL solution:
Concentration of acetic acid = Moles / Total volume = 3 mmol /

70 mL = 0.04286 M
Concentration of acetate ions = Moles / Total volume = 2 mmol /

70 mL = 0.02857 M
Now we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to find the

pH of the resulting solution:
pH = pKa + log ([A⁻] / [HA])
Given the pKa of acetic acid is 4.76, we can substitute the values:
pH = 4.76 + log (0.02857 / 0.04286)
Using the given log values, we can approximate the log value:
log (0.02857 / 0.04286) ≈ log (2/3) ≈ log 2 - log 3 ≈ 0.30 - 0.48 =

-0.18
Now substitute this value back into the Henderson-Hasselbalch

equation:
pH = 4.76 - 0.18 = 4.58
To express the pH as the nearest integer multiplied by 10⁻²,

multiply the pH value by 100:
4.58 × 100 = 458
So, the pH of the resulting solution is approximately 458 × 10⁻².

Explanation
Initial concentrations before mixing:
Explanation
We can use the formula for pH to calculate the concentration of
hydrogen ions in each solution:
To dilute the first solution to the desired concentration, we can

use the dilution equation:
where c1 and c1 are the initial concentration and volume,

and c2 and c2 are the final concentration and volume.
Therefore, we need to add 10−1=9 liters of water to the initial
solution to obtain the desired pH. Converting liters to milliliters,
we get:
So the volume of water needed is 9000 mL or 9,000 mL (nearest

integer).

Explanation

Explanation
The given reaction is :
We are given that 40% of water by mass reacts with carbon

monoxide.
The molecular weight of water (H2O) is approximately 18g/mol,

so 1mole of water weighs 18g. Therefore, the mass of the reacted
water is 0.40×18g=7.2g.
ince from the stoichiometry of the reaction we can see
that 1mole of CO reacts with 1mole of H2O to form 1mole of
CO2 and 1mole of H2, this means that 7.2g of H2O is equivalent
to 7.2g/18g/mol=0.4mole.
We start with 1mole of CO and 1mole of H2O. At equilibrium, we
have :
The volume of the container is 10litres. Therefore, we can convert

the moles to concentrations (in M = moles/L) as :
The equilibrium constant Ke for the reaction can be calculated as :
So, substituting the values we get :

As per the question, we need to calculate the value of Ke×102 :

Given the reaction:
At the beginning of the reaction (at time = 0), the total pressure is
solely due to A, hence it is 450 mmHg.
As the reaction progresses, let's denote 'x' as the pressure
decrease due to the decomposition of A. Correspondingly, the
pressure increases by '2x' and 'x' for B and C respectively,
following the stoichiometry of the reaction.
At time 't', the total pressure (P(T)) is the sum of the pressures of
A, B, and C, which is given to be 720 mmHg.
This gives us the equation:
Solving for 'x' gives:
The fraction of A decomposed would then be this change in

pressure divided by the initial pressure:

Explanation
(A) Equilibrium is possible only in a closed system at a given
temperature.
• This statement is true. In a closed system, there is no

exchange of matter with the surroundings. This allows the
reaction to reach equilibrium at a constant temperature.
(B) Both the opposing processes occur at the same rate.
• This statement is true. At equilibrium, the forward and

reverse reactions occur at the same rate, meaning the
concentrations of reactants and products remain constant.
(C) When equilibrium is attained at a given temperature, the

value of all its parameters became equal.
• This statement is false. When a system reaches equilibrium,

it doesn't mean that the values of all parameters (such as the
concentrations of reactants and products) are equal. It
means that these values are constant, i.e., they are not
changing with time because the rates of the forward and
reverse reactions are equal.
(D) For dissolution of solids in liquids, the solubility is constant at

a given temperature.
• This statement is true. The solubility of a solid in a liquid (in

a saturated solution) is indeed constant at a given
temperature and pressure.
Therefore, there are 3 correct statements: (A), (B), and (D).

Explanation
Explanation
14.Ans. Correct answer is 1

Explanation
Explanation

Explanation
Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

Explanation
Explanation

Explanation
Explanation

Explanation
MCQ (Single Correct Answer)
Q.1. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(A) The pH of 1×10−8 M HCl solution is 8 .
(B) The conjugate base of H2PO4− is HPO42−.
(C) Kw increases with increase in temperature.
(D) When a solution of a weak monoprotic acid is titrated against

a strong base at half neutralisation point,
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Q.2. 25 mL of silver nitrate solution (1M) is added dropwise

to 25 mL of potassium iodide (1.05M) solution. The ion(s)
present in very small quantity in the solution is/are
Q.3. Given below are two statements:
Statement I : Methyl orange is a weak acid.
Statement II : The benzenoid form of methyl orange is more

intense/deeply coloured than the quinonoid form.
In the light of the above statement, choose the most appropriate

answer from the options given below:
Q.4. For a concentrated solution of a weak electrolyte

(eq Keq = equilibrium constant) A2B3 of concentration 'C', the
degree of dissociation 'α' is

Q.5. The incorrect statement for the use of indicators in acid-base
titration is :
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Q.6. When Cu2+ ion is treated with KI, a white

precipitate, X appears in solution. The solution is titrated with
sodium thiosulphate, the compound Y is
formed. X and Y respectively are
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Q.7. When the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] changes by a
factor of 1000, the value of pH of the solution __________
Answer key & Explanation
1. Ans. (B)
Explanation
This statement is incorrect. For a strong acid like HCl, the
concentration of H+ ions will be the same as the concentration of
the acid, i.e., 1×10−8 M. The pH can be calculated using the
formula:
However, because the concentration is so low, it approaches the

range where water auto-ionization becomes significant. In this
case, the solution pH will be slightly higher than 7, but not exactly
8.
This statement is correct. The conjugate base of an acid is formed

when it loses one H+ ion:
(C) Kw increases with an increase in temperature.

This statement is correct. The ion product of water, Kw, increases
with increasing temperature. This is because the auto-ionization
of water is an endothermic process, meaning it absorbs heat:
As the temperature increases, the equilibrium shifts towards the

formation of more H+ and OH− ions, leading to an increase in Kw.
(D) When a solution of a weak monoprotic acid is titrated against

a strong base at the half-neutralization point, pH=1/2pKa
This statement is incorrect. At the half-neutralization point, the

concentration of the weak acid ([HA]) is equal to the
concentration of its conjugate base ([A-]). According to the
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
At the half-neutralization point, the ratio of [A-] to [HA] is 1, so the

equation becomes:
Therefore, the correct answer is:
(B) and (C) are correct.
2. Ans. (C)
Explanation
The reaction between silver nitrate (AgNO3) and potassium iodide
(KI) forms silver iodide (AgI), which is practically insoluble in
water. The reaction is as follows :
Although the reaction stoichiometry indicates that iodide ions (I-)

and silver ions (Ag+) are produced, silver iodide (AgI)
precipitates out of the solution due to its low solubility, and very
little Ag+ and I- ions remain in the solution. Hence, their
concentration in the solution will be negligible.
So, the correct answer should be :
Option C : Ag+ and I- both

3. Ans. (A)
4. Ans. (B)
5. Ans. (B)
Explanation
Option B is the incorrect statement for the use of indicators in
acid-base titration.
Methyl orange is a suitable indicator for a strong acid vs strong

base titration, not for a weak acid vs weak base titration. In a
weak acid vs weak base titration, the pH at the equivalence point
is typically around 7, which is within the pH range where methyl
orange undergoes a color change. Therefore, methyl orange is not
suitable for use in weak acid vs weak base titrations.
The other options are correct:
Phenolphthalein is a suitable indicator for a weak acid vs strong

base titration because the pH at the equivalence point is basic,
which causes phenolphthalein to undergo a color change.
Methyl orange is a suitable indicator for a strong acid vs weak

base titration because the pH at the equivalence point is acidic,
which causes methyl orange to undergo a color change.
Phenolphthalein may be used for a strong acid vs strong base

titration because the pH at the equivalence point is basic, which
causes phenolphthalein to undergo a color change.
6. Ans. (B)
Explanation
7. Ans. (C)
Explanation
2022
Numerical
Q.1. If the solubility product of PbS is 8 × 10−28, then the solubility of PbS in
pure water at 298 K is x × 10−16 mol L−1. The value of x is __________.
(Nearest Integer)
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Q.2. At 600 K,2 mol of NO are mixed with 1 mol of O2.

2NO(g)+O2(g)⇄2NO2(g)
The reaction occurring as above comes to equilibrium under a total

pressure of 1 atm. Analysis of the system shows that 0.6 mol of oxygen are
present at equilibrium. The equilibrium constant for the reaction is ________.
(Nearest integer)
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Q.3. Ka for butyric acid (C3H7COOH) is 2×10−5. The pH of 0.2M solution of

butyric acid is __________ ×10−1. (Nearest integer)
[Given log⁡2=0.30]
Q.4. At 310 K, the solubility of CaF2 in water is 2.34×10−3 g/100 mL. The
solubility product of CaF2 is ____________ ×10−8(mol/L)3. (Give molar
mass: CaF2=78 g mol−1)
Q.5. In the titration of KMnO4 and oxalic acid in acidic medium, the change
in oxidation number of carbon at the end point is ___________.
Q.6. At 298 K, the equilibrium constant is 2×1015 for the reaction :
Cu(s)+2Ag+(aq)⇌Cu2+(aq)+2Ag(s)
The equilibrium constant for the reaction
1/2Cu2+(aq)+Ag(s)⇌1/2Cu(s)+Ag+(aq)
is X×10−8. The value of X is _____________. (Nearest Integer)
Q.7. pH value of 0.001 M NaOH solution is ____________.
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Q.8. 2NOCl(g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)

In an experiment, 2.0 moles of NOCl was placed in a one-litre flask and the
concentration of NO after equilibrium established, was found to be 0.4
mol/L. The equilibrium constant at 30∘C is ______________ × 10−4.
JEE Main 2022 (Online) 27th June Morning Shift
Q.9. 40% of HI undergoes decomposition to H2 and I2 at 300 K. ΔGΘ for this

decomposition reaction at one atmosphere pressure is __________ J mol−1.
[nearest integer]
(Use R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1 ; log 2 = 0.3010, ln 10 = 2.3, log 3 = 0.477)
Q.10. 50 mL of 0.1 M CH3COOH is being titrated against 0.1 M NaOH.

When 25 mL of NaOH has been added, the pH of the solution will be
_____________ × 10−2. (Nearest integer)
(Given : pKa (CH3COOH) = 4.76)
log 2 = 0.30
log 3 = 0.48
log 5 = 0.69
log 7 = 0.84
log 11 = 1.04
Q.11. PCl5 dissociates as
PCl5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
5 moles of PCl5 are placed in a 200 Litre vessel which contains 2 moles of
N2 and is maintained at 600 K. The equilibrium pressure is 2.46 atm. The
equilibrium constant Kp for the dissociation of PCl5 is __________ × 10−3.
(nearest integer)
(Given: R = 0.082 L atm K−1 mol−1; Assume ideal gas behaviour)
Q.12. 2O3(g) ⇌ 3O2(g)

At 300 K, ozone is fifty percent dissociated. The standard free energy
change at this temperature and 1 atm pressure is (−) ____________ J mol −1.
(Nearest integer)
[Given : ln 1.35 = 0.3 and R = 8.3 J K−1 mol−1]

Answer Key & Explanation

Explanation

Explanation
Explanation

Explanation

Explanation
Explanation

Explanation
Given that at equilibrium, concentration of NO = 0.4 mol/L
∴ 2x = 0.4
⇒ x = 0.2
∴ Concentration of NOCl at equilibrium,
[NOCl]eq = 2 − 2 × 0.2 = 1.6
and [NO]eq = 0.4
and [Cl2]eq = 0.2
We know,

Explanation
Explanation
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
After adding 25 ml of NaOH volume of mixture = 50 + 25 = 75 ml
Initially,
Number of millimole of NaOH = 25 × 0.1 = 2.5 mm
Number of millimole of CH3COOH = 50 × 0.1 = 5 mm
After nutrilisation,
Millimole of NaOH = 0
Millimole of CH3COOH = 5 − 2.5 = 2.5 mm
Millimole of CH3COONa = 2.5
After nutrilisation,
Explanation
Here 2 moles of N2 also present that is why 2 moles always have to add in
total mole calculation.
At equilibrium,
Pressure (P) = 2.46 atm
Volume (V) = 200 L
Temperature (T) = 600 K
∴ Applying ideal gas equation,

PV = nRT
⇒ 2.46 × 200 = (7 + x) × 0.082 × 600
⇒x=3
Now,

Explanation
Q.1. 200 mL of 0.01MHCl is mixed with 400 mL of 0.01MH2SO4. The pH of the

mixture is _________.
Q.2. Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion A and
the other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A : Permanganate titrations are not performed in presence of

hydrochloric acid.
Reason R : Chlorine is formed as a consequence of oxidation of

hydrochloric acid.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the
options given below
Q.3. The plot of pH-metric titration of weak base NH4OH vs strong acid HCl
looks like :
Q.4. Class XII students were asked to prepare one litre of buffer solution
of pH8.26 by their Chemistry teacher: The amount of ammonium chloride
to be dissolved by the student in 0.2M ammonia solution to make one litre
of the buffer is
(Given: pKb(NH3)=4.74
Molar mass of NH3=17 g mol−1
Molar mass of NH4Cl=53.5 g mol−1 )

Q.5. Ka1, Ka2 and Kas3 are the respective ionization constants for the
following reactions (a), (b) and (c).
Q.6. 20 mL of 0.1MNH4OH is mixed with 40 mL of 0.05MHCl. The pH of the

mixture is nearest to:
(Given:
Q.7. The equilibrium constant for the reversible reaction
K1 and K2 are related as :

Q.8. ΔG∘ vs T plot for the formation of MgO, involving reaction
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO, will look like :

Q.9. 4.0 moles of argon and 5.0 moles of PCl5 are introduced into an
evacuated flask of 100 litre capacity at 610 K. The system is allowed to
equilibrate. At equilibrium, the total pressure of mixture was found to be 6.0
atm. The Kp for the reaction is
[Given : R = 0.082 L atm K−1 mol−1]
Q.10. The solubility of AgCl will be maximum in which of the following?

Q.11. A student needs to prepare a buffer solution of propanoic acid and

its sodium salt with pH 4.
Q.12. The Ksp for bismuth sulphide (Bi2S3) is 1.08 × 10−73. The solubility of
Bi2S3 in mol L−1 at 298 K is
Q.13. Given below are two statements one is labelled as Assertion A and
the other is labelled as Reason R :
Assertion A : The amphoteric nature of water is explained by using Lewis

acid/base concept.
Reason R : Water acts as an acid with NH3 and as a base with H2S.
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the
options given below :
Q.14. For a reaction at equilibrium
the relation between dissociation constant (K), degree of dissociation (α)

and equilibrium pressure (p) is given by:

Answer key & Explanation
1. Ans. (B)
Explanation
2. Ans. (A)
Explanation
HCl is not used in the process of titration because it reacts with

the (KMnO4) that is used in the process and gets oxidized.
3. Ans. (A)
Explanation
4. Ans. (C)
Explanation
5. Ans. (D)
Explanation
6. Ans. (c)
Explanation
7. Ans. (C)
Explanation
8. Ans. (A)
Explanation
9. Ans. (A)
Explanation
Inert gas always contributes to total mole and pressure calculation.
10. Ans. (D)
Explanation
In deionized water no common ion effect will take place so maximum
solubility.
11. Ans. (B)

Explanation
12. Ans. (A)

Explanation
13. Ans. (D)
Explanation
The amphoteric nature of water is explained by using Bronsted-Lowry acid
base concept
Hence, A is false but R is true
14. Ans. (B)

Explanation
2021
Numerical
Q.1 1.22 g of an organic acid is separately dissolved in 100 g of benzene (Kb = 2.6 K
kg mol−1) and 100 g of acetone (Kb = 1.7 K kg mol−1). The acid is known to dimerize
in benzene but remain as a monomer in acetone. The boiling point of the solution in
acetone increases by 0.170C. The increase in boiling point of solution in benzene in
0C is x × 10−2. The value of x is ______________. (Nearest integer) [Atomic mass: C = 12.0,
H = 1.0, O =16.0]
31st Aug Evening Shift 2021
Q.2 A3B2 is a sparingly soluble salt of molar mass M (g mol−1) and solubility x g L−1.
The solubility product satisfies Ksp=a(x/M)5. The value of a is _____________. (Integer
answer)
31st Aug Morning Shift 2021
Q.3 The equilibrium constant Kc at 298 K for the reaction A + B ⇌ C + D is 100.

Starting with an equimolar solution with concentrations of A, B, C and D all equal to
1M, the equilibrium
concentration of D is ___________ × 10−2 M. (Nearest integer)
26th Aug Evening Shift 2021
Q.4 The OH− concentration in a mixture of 5.0 mL of 0.0504 M NH4Cl and 2 mL of

0.0210 M NH3 solution is x × 10−6 M. The value of x is ___________. (Nearest integer)
[Given Kw = 1 × 10−14 and Kb = 1.8 × 10−5]
26th Aug Morning Shift 2021
Q.5 The equilibrium constant for the reaction
is Kp = 4. At equilibrium, the partial pressure of O2 is _________ atm. (Round off to the

nearest integer)
27th July Evening Shift 2021
Q.6 PCl5 ⇌ PCl3 + Cl3
Kc = 1.844
3.0 moles of PCl5 is introduced in a 1 L closed reaction vessel at 380 K. The number
of moles of PCl5 at equilibrium is ______________ × 10−3. (Round off to the Nearest
Integer)
27th July Morning Shift 2021
Q.7 Assuming that Ba(OH)2 is completely ionised in aqueous solution under the
given conditions the concentration of H3O+ ions in 0.005 M aqueous solution of
Ba(OH)2 at 298 K is ______________ × 10−12 mol L−1. (Nearest integer)
Q.8 For the reaction

A + B ⇌ 2C
the value of equilibrium constant is 100 at 298 K. If the initial concentration of all
the three species is 1 M each, then the equilibrium concentration of C is x ×× 10−−1 M.
The value of x is ____________. (Nearest integer)
Q.9 CO2 gas is bubbled through water during a soft drink manufacturing process at
298 K. If CO2 exerts a partial pressure of 0.835 bar then x m mol of CO2 would
dissolve in 0.9 L of water. The value of x is ____________. (Nearest integer)
(Henry's law constant for CO2 at 298 K is 1.67 × 103 bar)
Q.10 Value of KP for the equilibrium reaction

N2O4(g) ⇌ 2NO2(g) at 288 K is 47.9. The KC for this reaction at same temperature is
____________. (Nearest integer)
(R = 0.083 L bar K−1 mol−1)
Q.11 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g)

In an equilibrium mixture, the partial pressures are
PSO3 = 43 kPa; PO2 = 530 Pa and PSO2 = 45 kPa. The equilibrium constant KP =
___________ × 10−2. (Nearest integer)
Q.12 The gas phase reaction 2A(g)⇌A2(g) at 400 K has ΔGo = + 25.2 kJ mol-1.
The equilibrium constant KC for this reaction is ________ × 10−2. (Round off to the
Nearest Integer).
[Use : R = 8.3 J mol−1 K−1, ln 10 = 2.3 log10 2 = 0.30, 1 atm = 1 bar]
[antilog (−0.3) = 0.501]
18th March Evening Shift 2021
Q.13 2 molal solution of a weak acid HA has a freezing point of 3.8850C. The degree
of dissociation of this acid is ___________ × 10−3. (Round off to the Nearest Integer).
[Given : Molal depression constant of water = 1.85 K kg mol−1 Freezing point of pure
water = 00C]
18th March Morning Shift 2021
Q.14 In order to prepare a buffer solution of pH 5.74, sodium acetate is added to

acetic acid. If the concentration of acetic acid in the buffer is 1.0 M, the concentration
of sodium acetate in the buffer is ___________ M. (Round off to the Nearest Integer).
[Given : pKa (acetic acid) = 4.74]
Q.15 A 1 molal K4Fe(CN)6 solution has a degree of dissociation of 0.4. Its boiling
point is equal to that of another solution which contains 18.1 weight percent of a
non electrolytic solute A. The molar mass of A is __________ u. (Round off to the
Nearest Integer). [Density of water = 1.0 g cm−3 ]
Q.16 0.01 moles of a weak acid HA (Ka = 2.0 × 10−6) is dissolved in 1.0 L of 0.1 M HCl
solution. The degree of dissociation of HA is __________ × 10−5 (Round off to the
Nearest Integer).
[Neglect volume change on adding HA. Assume degree of dissociation <<1 ]
Q.17 Sulphurous acid (H2SO3) has Ka1 = 1.7 × 10−2 and Ka2 = 6.4 × 10−8. The pH of
0.588 M H2SO3 is __________. (Round off to the Nearest Integer).
Q.18 For the reaction A(g)⇌B(g) at 495 K, ΔrG0 = −−9.478 kJ mol−1.

If we start the reaction in a closed container at 495 K with 22 millimoles of A, the
amount of B in the equilibrium mixture is ____________ millimoles.
(Round off to the Nearest Integer). [R = 8.314 J mol−1 K−1; ln 10 = 2.303]
Q.19 Two salts A2X and MX have the same value of solubility product of
4.0 ×× 10−−12. The ratio of their molar solubilities
(Round off to the Nearest Integer)

Q.20 The pH of ammonium phosphate solution, if pka of phosphoric acid and pkb of
ammonium hydroxide are 5.23 and 4.75 respectively, is ___________.
26th Feb Evening Shift 2021
Q.21 When 12.2 g of benzoic acid is dissolved in 100 g of water, the freezing point of
solution was found to be −0.930C (Kf(H2O) = 1.86 K kg mol−1). The number (n) of
benzoic acid molecules associated (assuming 100% association) is ___________.
Q.22 A homogeneous ideal gaseous reaction AB2(g)⇌A(g)+2B(g) is carried out in a

25 litre flask at 270C. The initial amount of AB2 was 1 mole and the equilibrium
pressure was 1.9 atm. The value of Kp is x × 10−2. The value of x is _________. (Integer
answer)
[R = 0.08206 dm3atm K−1mol−1]
26th Feb Morning Shift 2021
Q.23 Assuming ideal behaviour, the magnitude of log K for the following reaction at
250C is x × 10−1. The value of x is _________. (Integer answer)
3HC≡CH(g)⇌C6H6(l)
24th Feb Evening Slot 2021
Q.24 The solubility product of PbI2 is 8.0 × 10−9. The solubility of lead iodide in 0.1
molar solution of lead nitrate is x × 10−6. mol/L. The value of x is __________. (Rounded
off to the nearest integer) [Given √2 = 1.41]
24th Feb Evening Slot 2021
Q.25 For the reaction A(g) → B(g) the value of the equilibrium constant at 300 K and 1
atm is equal to 100.0. The value of ΔrG for the reaction at 300 K and 1 atm in J mol-
1 is – xR, where x is _______. (Rounded off to the nearest integer)
[R = 8.31 J mol–1K-1 and ln 10 = 2.3)

24th Feb Morning Slot 2021
Q.26 When 9.45 g of CICH2COOH is added to 500 mL of water, its freezing point
drops by 0.5°C. The dissociation constant of CICH2COOH is x × 10-3.
The value of x is ________. (Rounded off to the nearest integer)
[Kf(H20) = 1.86 K kg mol-1]
Q.27 At 1990 K and 1 atm pressure, there are equal number of Cl2, molecules and Cl
atoms in the reaction mixture. The value of Kp for the reaction Cl2 (g) ⇌ 2Cl(g) under
the above conditions is x × 10-1.
The value of x is _______. (Rounded off to the nearest integer)
Q.28 The stepwise formation of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ is given below:

The value of stability constants K1, K2, K3 and K4 are 104, 1.58 x 103, 5 x 102 and
102 respectively.
The overall equilibrium constants for dissociation of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ is x × 10-12.
The value of x is ________. (Rounded off to the nearest integer)
Numerical Answer Key
1. Ans. (13) 11. Ans. (172) 21. Ans. (2)

2. Ans. (108) 12. Ans. (2) 22. Ans. (between 72and 75)
3. Ans. (182) 13. Ans. (50) 23. Ans. (855)
4. Ans. (3) 14. Ans. (10) 24. Ans. (141)
5. Ans. (16) 15. Ans. (85) 25. Ans. (1380)
6. Ans. (1400) 16. Ans. (2) 26. Ans. (34.4)
7. Ans. (1) 17. Ans. (1) 27. Ans. (5)
8. Ans. (25) 18. Ans. (20) 28. Ans. (1)
9. Ans. (25) 19. Ans. (50)
10. Ans. (2) 20. Ans. (7)
Numerical Explanation
Ans 1. With benzene as solvent

ΔTb = i Kb m
With Acetone as solvent
ΔTb = i Kb m
(1) / (2)
ΔTb = 13 × 10−2
⇒ x = 13
Ans 2.
KSP = (3s)3 (2s)2

KSP = 108 s5 & s = (x/M)
comparing a = 108
Ans 3.
Ans 4.
Ans 5.
∴ Po2 = 16 bar = 16 atm
Ans 6. PCl5(g) ⇌⇌ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) K2 = 1.844

t = 0 3moles
t=∞xx
≅1.604
⇒Moles of PCl5 = 3 − 1.604 ≅ 1.396
Ans 7.
Ans 8.
= 2.5 M
= 25 × 10-1 M
Ans 9. From Henry's law

Pgas = KH.Xgas
⇒ n(CO2) = 0.025
Millimoles of CO2 = 0.025 × 1000 = 25
Ans 10.
Ans 11.
Ans 12. Using formula,

ΔG0 = − RTln(Kp)
⇒ 25.2 × 103 = −8.3 × 400 × 2.3 log (Kp)
⇒ Kp = 10−3.3
= 10−3 × 0.501
= 5.01 × 10−4 Bar−1
Also,
Ans 13. ΔTf = Kf (im)
⇒ 3.885 = i × 1.85 × 2
⇒ i = 1.05
Also, we know,
i = 1 + (n − 1) α
here n = number of particle obtained upon the dissociation of one particle.
HA⇌H++A−
here from one particle HA we get two particle H+ and A−.
∴n=2
So, i = 1 + (2 − 1)α
⇒ 1.05 = 1 + α
⇒ α = 0.05 = 50 × 10−3
Ans 14.
Ans 15.
Effective molality = 0.6 + 1.6 + 0.4 = 2.6m

For same boiling point, the molality of another solution should also be 2.6 m. Now,
18.1 weight percent solution means 18.1 gm solute is present in 100 gm solution
and hence, (100 – 18.1 =) 81.9 gm water.
∴ Molar mass of solute, M = 85
Ans 16.
Now,
Ans 17.
∴ The contribution of H+ from 2nd dissociation of H2SO3 can be neglected.

[H+]=cα=0.092
pH=−log[H+]
=1.036
≈1
Ans 18. ΔGo = −RT ln Keq

−9.478 × 103 = −495 × 8.314 ln Keq
ln Keq = 2.303 = ln 10
So, Keq = 10
Now, A(g) ⇌ B(g)
x = 20
So, millimoles of B = 20
Ans 19. For A2X

S1 = 10−4
for MX
S2 = 2 × 10−6
Ans 20. Since (NH4)3PO4 is salt of weak acid (H3PO4) & weak base (NH4OH).
= 7.24 ≈ 7.
Ans 21.
Ans 22.
Ans 23. Reaction,

⇒ nlnK=n′lnKp−(−n′′lnKf)
⇒ K = 85.52
⇒ K = 855 × 10−1
x = 855
Ans 24.
∴ [Pb2+] = S + 0.1 ≈ 0.1

∵ S < < 0.1
Now, Ksp = 8 × 10−9
[Pb2] [I−−]2 = 8 × 10−9
0.1 × (2S)2 = 8 × 10−9
4S2 = 8 × 10−8 ⇒ S = 141 × 10−6 M
∴ x = 141
Ans 25. For a reaction, A(g) → B(g)

Given, Kp (equilibrium constant) = 100
Temperature = 300 K
Pressure = 1 atm
Formula used, ΔG0 = − RT ln Kp .... (i)
Here, ΔG0 = standard Gibb's free energy
R = gas constant = 8.31 J mol−1 K−1
Put value in Eq. (i), we get
ΔG0 = − R (300) ln 100
ΔG0 = − R (300) (2) ln (10)
∵ ln (10) = 2.3
ΔG0 = − R(300) (2) (2.3)
ΔG0 = − 1380 R
Hence, ΔG0 = − xR
∴ x = 1380
Ans 26.
i = 1 −− α + α + α i = 1 + αα
Formula used for freezing point; ΔTf = i Kfm
Here, Kf = freezing constant of H2O
Kf(H2O) = 1.86 K kg mol−1
m = molarity
ΔTf = i Kfm
Percentage of dissociation = 34.4%

Ans 27. Cl2(g) ⇌ 2Cl(g)
Let moles of both of Cl2 and Cl molecule be x.
= 5 × 10−1
Hence, x × 10−1
x=5
Ans 28. Given, stability constant value,

K1 = 104
K2 = 1.58 × 103
K3 = 5 × 102
K4 = 102
On adding Eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
∴ The overall reaction constant (k) or equilibrium constant for formation of

[Cu(NH3)4]2+ is
K = K1 × K2 × K3 × K4
⇒ K = 104 × 1.58 × 103 × 5 × 102 × 102
⇒ K = 7.9 × 1011
where, K = equilibrium constant for formation of [Cu(NH3)4]2+
So, equilibrium constant 'K' for dissociation of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ is 1K1K.
Hence, K' = x × 10−12

x = 1.26
Q.1 Given below are two statements.

Statement I : In the titration between strong acid and weak base methyl orange is
suitable as an indicator.
Statement II : For titration of acetic acid with NaOH phenolphthalein is not a suitable
indicator.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the
options given below :
26th Aug Morning Shift 2021

Q.2 Presence of which reagent will affect the reversibility of the following reaction,
and change it to a irreversible reaction :
Q.3 A solution is 0.1 M in Cl− and 0.001 M in Solid AgNO3 is gradually added
to it. Assuming that the addition does not change in volume and Ksp(AgCl) =
1.7 × 10−10 M2 and Ksp(Ag2CrO4) = 1.9 × 10−12 M3.
Select correct statement from the following :

Q.4 Which of the following compound CANNOT act as a Lewis base?
Q.5 The solubility of Ca(OH)2 in water is :

[Given : The solubility product of Ca(OH)2 in water = 5.5 × 10−6]
Q.6 The solubility of AgCN in a buffer solution of pH = 3 is x. The value of x is :

[Assume : No cyano complex is formed; Ksp(AgCN) = 2.2 × 10−16 and Ka(HCN) =
6.2 × 10−10]

MCQ Answer Key
1. Ans. (B)
2. Ans. (D)
3. Ans. (D)
4. Ans. (D)
5. Ans. (B)
6. Ans. (A)
MCQ Explanation
Ans 1. Titration curve for strong acid and weak base initially a buffer of weak base
and conjugate acid is :
Formed, thus pH falls slowly and after equivalence point, so the pH falls sharply so
methyl orange, having pH range of 3.2 to 4.4 will weak as indicator. So, statement I
is correct.
Titration curve for weak acid and strong base (NaOH)
Initially weak acid will form a buffer so pH increases slowly but after equivalence
point. It rises sharply covering range of phenolphthalein so it will be suitable
indicator so statement II is false.
Ans 2. Iodination of alkane is reversible reaction. It can be irreversible in the

presence of strong oxidising agent like conc. HNO3 or conc. HIO3.
Ans 3. Conc. of Cl− = 0.1 M = 10−1 M
∴ AgCl will be precipitate first

Ans 4. NF3 has no vacant orbital neither in nitrogen nor in fluorine so it cannot
accept the electron & hence cannot acts as lewis acid and but for PCl5 P has no L.P &
hence it cannot acts as base but ClF3 (3 B.P + 2 L.P) & SF4 (4 B.P + 1 L.P)
Ans 5.
Ans 6. Let solubility is x

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Physical World, Units and Measurements P-1

Q.1. 20 mL of 0.1 M NaOH is added to 50 mL of 0.1 M acetic acid

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 13th April Evening Shift

Q.3. An analyst wants to convert 1 L HCl of pH=1 to a solution

The equilibrium constant Kc×102 for the reaction is ____________.

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 10th April Evening Shift

Q.7. The number of correct statement/s involving equilibria in

(B) Both the opposing processes occur at the same rate.

(C) When equilibrium is attained at a given temperature, the

(D) For dissolution of solids in liquids, the solubility is constant at

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 10th April Morning Shift

The number of following statement/s which is/are correct about

A. It can be used as an indicator for the titration of weak acid with

B. It begins to change colour at pH=8.4

C. It is a weak organic base

D. It is colourless in acidic medium

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 8th April Morning Shift

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 6th April Evening Shift

Q.11. The value of log⁡K for the reaction A⇌B at 298 K is

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 6th April Morning Shift

Q.12. (i) X(g)⇌Y(g)+Z(g)Kp1=3

(ii) A(g)⇌2 B(g)Kp2=1

If the degree of dissociation and initial concentration of both the

Q.13. At 298 K, the solubility of silver chloride in water

Q.14. For reaction : SO2( g)+12O2( g)⇌SO3( g)

Kp=2×1012 at 27∘C and 1 atm pressure. The Kc for the same

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 31st January Morning Shift

Q.15. Consider the following equation:

The number of factors which will increase the yield of SO3 at

C. Adding more SO2

Q.16. 600 mL of 0.01 M HCl is mixed

Based on above equilibria, then equilibrium constant of the

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 29th January Evening Shift

Q.18. Millimoles of calcium hydroxide required to produce 100 mL

Q.19. Solid Lead nitrate is dissolved in 1 litre of water. The

Given : Kb=0.5 K kg mol−1 and Kf=1.8 K kg mol−1. Assume

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 29th January Morning Shift

Q.20. Water decomposes at 2300 K

The percent of water decomposing at 2300 K and 1 bar is

Equilibrium constant for the reaction is 2×10−3 at 2300 K.

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 29th January Morning Shift

Q.21. Consider the following reaction approaching equilibrium at

The standard Gibb's energy change

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 29th January Morning Shift

Q.22. A litre of buffer solution contains 0.1 mole of each of

Q.23. If the pKa of lactic acid is 5, then the pH of 0.005 M calcium

JEE Main 2023 (Online) 24th January Evening Shift

Q.24. The dissociation constant of acetic acid is x×10−5. When 25

1. Ans. Correct answer is 458

Moles of NaOH = Volume × Molarity = 20 mL × 0.1 M = 2 mmol

Moles of acetic acid = Volume × Molarity = 50 mL × 0.1 M = 5

CH₃COOH + OH⁻ → CH₃COO⁻ + H₂O

2 mmol of NaOH will react with 2 mmol of acetic acid, resulting in

Next, we need to find the concentrations of acetic acid and acetate

Concentration of acetic acid = Moles / Total volume = 3 mmol /

Concentration of acetate ions = Moles / Total volume = 2 mmol /

Now we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to find the

pH = 4.76 + log (0.02857 / 0.04286)

log (0.02857 / 0.04286) ≈ log (2/3) ≈ log 2 - log 3 ≈ 0.30 - 0.48 =