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    3 Radiography of The Thorax

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    Jhayar Sarion
    This document provides guidelines for taking radiographs of the canine and feline thorax. It discusses proper patient positioning for lateral, ventrodorsal, and dorsoventral views. Key anatomical structures that should be evaluated on thoracic radiographs include the trachea, lungs, diaphragm, and heart. Common pulmonary patterns like bronchial, interstitial, and vascular are described. Metrics for assessing tracheal size and cardiac shape are also outlined.

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    3 Radiography of The Thorax

    Uploaded by

    Jhayar Sarion
    12 views4 pages
    This document provides guidelines for taking radiographs of the canine and feline thorax. It discusses proper patient positioning for lateral, ventrodorsal, and dorsoventral views. Key anatomical structures that should be evaluated on thoracic radiographs include the trachea, lungs, diaphragm, and heart. Common pulmonary patterns like bronchial, interstitial, and vascular are described. Metrics for assessing tracheal size and cardiac shape are also outlined.

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    3-RADIOGRAPHY-OF-THE-THORAX

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    This document provides guidelines for taking radiographs of the canine and feline thorax. It discusses proper patient positioning for lateral, ventrodorsal, and dorsoventral views. Key anatomical structures that should be evaluated on thoracic radiographs include the trachea, lungs, diaphragm, and heart. Common pulmonary patterns like bronchial, interstitial, and vascular are described. Metrics for assessing tracheal size and cardiac shape are also outlined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views4 pages

    3 Radiography of The Thorax

    Uploaded by

    Jhayar Sarion
    This document provides guidelines for taking radiographs of the canine and feline thorax. It discusses proper patient positioning for lateral, ventrodorsal, and dorsoventral views. Key anatomical structures that should be evaluated on thoracic radiographs include the trachea, lungs, diaphragm, and heart. Common pulmonary patterns like bronchial, interstitial, and vascular are described. Metrics for assessing tracheal size and cardiac shape are also outlined.

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    VSUR65 VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING LABORATORY

    RADIOGRAPHY OF THE THORAX

    INDICATIONS FOR THORACIC


    RADIOGRAPHY
    • Coughing, gagging & retching
    • Dyspnea
    • Persistent sneezing
    • Inspiratory or expiratory noise
    • Regurgitation
    • Assessment of neoplasia

    Lateral View of Thorax


    • Neutral head position
    o Not: False airway narrowing
    • Extend forelimbs cranially
    • Hindlimbs pulled caudally
    Ventrodorsal View of Thorax
    • view taken on inspiration
    • dorsal recumbency
    • Vertical Line: caudal border of the scapula
    • keep the patient’s spine and sternum
    dorsally
    aligned (V-trough)
    • Horizontal Line: imaginary plane bisecting
    • thoracic limbs are taped together evenly,
    the thoracic cavity evenly between dorsal
    pulled forward with the patient’s muzzle
    and ventral
    placed between the limbs
    • vertical line: caudal border of the scapula
    • horizontal Line: Tdirectly over the sternum
    to bisect the thoracic cavity from left and
    right lateral

    Dorsoventral View of Thorax


    • sternal recumbency
    • legs extended forward
    • head down on the tabletop
    • the sternum and spine should be
    superimposed
    • view taken on inspiration
    • vertical line: caudal border of the scapula.
    • horizontal Line: directly over the spine to
    bisect the thoracic cavity from left and right
    lateral
    VSUR65 VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING LABORATORY

    THORACIC RADIOGRAPHY: DIAPHRAGM

    Left Lateral Vs Right Lateral


    • LEFT LATERAL
    o Heart appears round
    ▪ Indian mango-shaped
    o L crus forward (seen as Y-shaped
    diaphragmatic silhouette)
    • RIGHT LATERAL
    o Better cardiac detail
    ▪ Native mango-shaped
    o R crus forward (seen as parallel
    diaphragmatic silhouette)
    o See CdVC go into it

    • Cupula
    • Cranioventral convex portion
    • Right crus and left crus
    Dorsoventral Vs Ventrodorsal
    o Attached to cranioventral border of L3
    and body of L4 • DORSOVENTRAL VIEW
    o Less stressful, better for heart
    Inspiratory Vs Expiratory o Diaphragm rounded
    o Caudal pulmonary vessels better
    • Always expose at peak inspiration
    visualized
    o Maximizes lung contrast
    o Better to see small amount of pleural air
    • Inspiratory lateral view
    • VENTRODORSAL VIEW
    o Caudodorsal aspect of lung caudal to
    o Better for lung assessment
    T12
    o Heart appears elongated
    o Increased aeration of accessory lung
    o Flat diaphragm
    lobe
    ▪ Mickey Mouse ears
    o Separation of heart silhouette and
    o Better to see small amount of pleural
    diaphragm
    fluid
    • Inspiratory VD/DV view
    o Diaphragmatic cupola caudal to mid T8
    o Lung tips caudal to T10
    VSUR65 VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING LABORATORY

    THORACIC RADIOGRAPHY: TRACHEA


    • TD:TI
    o tracheal lumen diameter to thoracic inlet
    distance ratio
    o 2:1

    Bulldogs <0.127 (hypoplastic)


    Brachycephalic <0.14 (hypoplastic)
    Non-Bulldog
    Non-brachycephalic <0.20 (hypoplastic)
    Cats >0.18-0.20 (non-
    hypoplastic)
    • Alveolar
    • TT/3R o Air bronchograms
    o Thoracic tracheal lumen diameter to the o Lobar sign
    width of the proximal third of the third rib o Area of relatively intense opacity that does
    not have the sharp margins that
    characterize a lung mass

    THORACIC RADIOGRAPHY: LUNGS

    Pulmonary Patterns
    • Bronchial
    o Ring shadows
    ▪ increased circular opacity with lucent • Interstitial
    center o multiple nodules
    o Tram lines o homogeneous haziness (unstructured
    ▪ parallel lines of increased opacity pattern)
    o range of finely structured opacities (fine
    structured pattern)
    o very small nodular structures
    VSUR65 VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING LABORATORY

    THORACIC RADIOGRAPHY: HEART

    • Vascular
    o change in the size and shape of the
    pulmonary arteries or veins
    o artery and vein nearly same size (right
    fourth rib (L) and ninth rib (DV/VD)
    o Cranial vessels
    ▪ Compared with 4th rib
    o Caudal vessels
    ▪ Compared with 9th rib
    o Artery and vein should be:
    ▪ Same size or smaller than rib
    ▪ similar size to each other
    o Pulmonary hypertension – BIG
    ARTERIES, normal veins Cardiac Silhouette
    o Left heart failure – Normal arteries, BIG • Buchanan Method
    VEINS • Vertebral heart score
    o Overcirculation – Big veins, big arteries o CANINE: 9.7 +/- 0.5V
    o FELINE: 7.5 +/- 0.3

    Right lateral radiograph


    • Long axis: ventral margin of the carina to apex
    • Short axis: width of the heart perpendicular to
    the length measurement; @ widest portion
    • Scale them against the length of the vertebrae
    beginning with T4

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