Different Types of Gears: Mr. Krunal M. More Mr. Glen J. Dixon Mr. Sujal K. Ingale Mr. Atharva Tamore

A
Report On
DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEARS

At
Diploma
In
Mechanical Engineering
Submitted by:
Mr. Krunal M. More

Mr. Glen J. Dixon
Mr. Sujal K. Ingale
Mr. Atharva Tamore
Under Guidance of
Mr. PRASAD DESHPANDE
Department of Mechanical Engineering

St. John College of Engineering and Management
1
INTRODUCTION
Gear is a toothed cylindrical or roller-shaped element of a

machine that meshes with another toothed cylindrical element
to transmit power from one shaft to another. It is primarily
used to obtain different torque and speed ratios or to change
the direction of the driving and driven shaft.
There are several other power transmission tools like belt
drives, chain drives, rope drives, etc., but the main advantage
of the gear system is that there is almost negligible or no
slippage between the driver and the driven member. Gears are
primarily used wherever there is a short distance between the
axis driving and the driven shaft, like a bicycle, motorcycle,
car, agriculture machines, etc.
Gears serve two main purposes: increasing speed or
increasing force. In order to increase one of these,
compromises must be made. For example, to increase the
speed of a bicycle's wheels the force applied to the pedals
must be increased. Similarly, to increase the force on the
wheels the pedals must be turned fast.
2
CONTENT
No. Types Of Gears
1. Spur Gear
2. Rack & Pinion Gear
3. Bevel Gear
4. Helical Gear
5. Double Helical Gear
6. Worm Gear
7. Hypoid Gear
3
SPUR GEAR
Spur gears are a cylindrical shaped toothed component used in

industrial equipment to transfer mechanical motion as well as
control speed, power, and torque. These simple gears are cost-
effective, durable, reliable and provide a positive, constant
speed drive to facilitate daily industrial operations.
Spur gears can be classified into two main
categories: External and Internal. Gears with teeth on the
outside of the cylinder are known as "external gears". Gears
with teeth on the internal side of the cylinder are known as
"internal gears". An external gear can mesh with an external
gear or an internal gear.
Spur gears are a cylindrical shaped toothed component used in
industrial equipment to transfer mechanical motion as well as
control speed, power, and torque. These simple gears are cost-
effective, durable, reliable and provide a positive, constant
speed drive to facilitate daily industrial operations.
4
RACK & PINION GEAR
A rack and pinion is a type of a linear actuator that
comprises a circular gear (the pinion) engaging a linear gear
(the rack). Together, they convert rotational motion into linear
motion. Rotating the pinion causes the rack to be driven in a
line. Conversely, moving the rack linearly will cause the
pinion to rotate. A rack and pinion drive can use both straight
and helical gears.
Rack and pinions are used for lifting mechanisms (vertical
movement), horizontal movement, positioning mechanisms,
stoppers and to permit the synchronous rotation of several
shafts in general industrial machinery. On the other hand, they
are also used in steering systems to change the direction of
cars.
5
BEVEL GEAR
Bevel gears are power transmission components primarily
used to change the direction of shaft rotation and to decrease
speed and increase torque between non-parallel rotating
shafts. They are used on shafts with intersecting axes and in
special cases on shafts whose axes do not intersect.
The types of bevel gears are straight, spiral, Zerol, and
hypoid. Efficiencies of bevel gears range from 97-99.5%,
except for hypoid bevel gears- with an efficiency of 90-98%.
A larger offset of a hypoid gear causes a further decrease in
efficiency.
The bevel gear has many diverse applications such
as locomotives, marine applications, automobiles, printing
presses, cooling towers, power plants, steel plants, railway
track inspection machines, etc.
6
HELICAL GEAR
Helical gears are one type of cylindrical gears with slanted

tooth trace. Compared to spur gears, they have the larger
contact ratio and excel in quietness and less vibration and are
able to transmit large force. A pair of helical gears has the
same helix angle, but the helix hand is opposite.
Helical gears provide a means of connecting non-parallel
shafts as well as provide an alternate means of connecting
parallel shafts, serving the same purpose as spur gears. Cutters
that produce an angle that allows several teeth to mesh
simultaneously form helical gears.
The most common use for helical gears is in automotive
transmissions. Helical gears are ideal for high-speed
applications because they suffer from less friction and wear
than other gears, but they're still capable of transferring
significant amounts of force.
7
DOUBLE HELICAL GEAR
The double-helical gear, also referred to as the herringbone

gear, is used for transmitting power between parallel shafts. It
was developed to overcome the disadvantage of the high-end
thrust that is present with single-helical gears.
Helix angles vary from 5° to 45°. The helix angle for Single-
helical gear falls between 12° and 20°, and for double-helical
gear it falls between 20° and 45°.
Due to their advantages, double helical gears have been
widely used for power transmission in gas turbines,
generators, prime mover, pump, fan, and compressor in
marine ships and construction machines. The large-sized
double helical gears are usually generated using a special
generator.
8
WORM GEAR
The name “worm gear” comes from bionics. the design of
worm gears was inspired by a bionic mechanism, specifically
the shape of a volute. The volute's spiral shape resembles a
drill bit and symbolizes force.
Basically, a worm gear is a screw butted up against what
looks like a standard spur gear with slightly angled and curved
teeth. It changes the rotational movement by 90 degrees, and
the plane of movement also changes due to the position of the
worm on the worm wheel.
Worm gears can be used to either greatly increase torque or
greatly reduce speed. They are also the smoothest and quietest
of gear systems, if they are properly mounted and lubricated.
Another advantage of worm gears is that they have good
meshing effectiveness.
9
HYPOID GEAR
A hypoid gear is a style of spiral bevel gear whose main
variance is that the mating gears' axes do not intersect. The
hypoid gear is offset from the gear center, allowing unique
configurations and a large diameter shaft. The teeth on a
hypoid gear are helical, and the pitch surface is best described
as a hyperboloid.
They can be used when space is limited. They can handle high
torques and operate very smoothly. They are compact in
design and can be combined with other types of gearboxes.
Their output shaft can also be in the form of a hollow shaft.
10
Thank You!
11

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A

DIFFERENT TYPES OF GEARS

Mr. Krunal M. More

Mr. PRASAD DESHPANDE

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Gear is a toothed cylindrical or roller-shaped element of a

No. Types Of Gears

Spur gears are a cylindrical shaped toothed component used in

Helical gears are one type of cylindrical gears with slanted

The double-helical gear, also referred to as the herringbone

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